英语牛津译林版必修3同步教学课件（18份）

课件94张PPT。Unit 1　The world of our senses话题导入人体的五官是相辅相成的。下面是一家免费治疗唇裂和腭裂患儿的慈善机构呼吁公众为慈善事业捐款的广告。
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Unlike many charities that do many different things，Smile Train’s mission is focused on solving a single problem：cleft lip and cleft palate(腭裂)．
Our mission is to provide a child born with a cleft the same opportunities in life as a child born without a cleft.We want our mission to be yours.Please Donate Today
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If you are having difficulty making your online donation，please call us at 1－800－932－9541.根据上面短文回答下列问题
1.Why do many children with clefts in developing countries usually go untreated?

2.If you donate 1,000，how many children can the donation provide cleft surgery?

3.How many children with clefts have received the free cleft surgery so far?
________________Because their parents can’t afford the surgery.4/Four.911,178 children.基础自测内容索引要点探究达标检测课文预读Period One　Welcome to the unit & Reading基础自测Ⅰ.重点单词
1. vt.使糊涂，使迷惑
adj.使人困惑的，令人费解的
adj.困惑的，不解的
2. vt.& n.预测，预报
(过去式)
(过去分词)
3. vt.观察；注意到；评论
4. vi.& n.瞥一眼，匆匆看confuseconfusingconfusedforecastforecastforecastobserveglance5. adv.无处，到处都不
6. adj.狭窄的
(反义词) adj.宽的，辽阔的
7. vi.& vt.靠近；着手处理
n.靠近；方法；路径
8. n.黑暗
n.黄昏；暗处
adj.深色的；黑暗的
9. vi.犹豫，迟疑不决nowherenarrowwide/broadapproachdarknessdarkhesitate10. vt.抓紧，抓牢
11. vi.凝视，盯着看
12. adj.焦虑的，忧虑的
13. adv.牢牢地，坚定地
adj.牢牢的
14. adj.感激的，表示感谢的
adj.(同义词)感激的，感谢的
15. n.轻松，宽慰graspstareanxiousfirmlyfirmgratefulthankfulreliefⅡ.重点短语
1.step 走出去
2.glance 瞥一眼
3.in 看得到，在视力范围内
4.set 出发；引爆
5.wish 盼望，企盼
6.reach 伸出(手)
7.stare up 抬头凝视outatsightoffforoutat8.watch out 留心，密切注意
9.come one’s aid来帮助某人
10. relief如释重负，松口气
11.pay 偿还，回报；还击，报复
12.make a 起作用，有影响fortoinbackdifferenceⅢ.重点句式
1.wherever引导的让步状语从句
Outside， the fog lay like a thick，grey cloud.
外面，无论她往哪儿看，大雾就像浓密的灰云聚积着。
2.hear sb. /sth. doing sth.
As she walked along the narrow street，she ________________________
，but by the time she reached the corner of the street，the footsteps were gone.
当沿着那条狭窄的街道行走时，她听到了渐近的脚步声，但当她走到街道的拐角处时，脚步声却又消失了。wherever she lookedheard the sound of footstepsapproaching3.find oneself doing sth. 发现自己不自觉地在做某事
Polly the face of an old man with a beard.
波莉发现自己正抬头凝视着一张留着络腮胡子的老人的脸。found herself staring up at课文预读Ⅰ.课文阅读理解
1.Why didn’t Polly take a bus home?
A.Because the buses were not running.
B.Because the Underground was faster.
C.Because the buses couldn’t run to her home.
D.Because the taxi would be more convenient.√答案123452.Where did Polly take the Underground?
A.At King Street.
B.Near her usual bus stop.
C.At Green Park.
D.At Park Street.√答案123453.What did Polly mean by saying “Are you sure you know the way？”
A.She didn’t know where she lived and hoped the old man could help
her find it out.
B.She couldn’t find her way，so she couldn’t tell the old man how to
get to her home.
C.She worried that the old man would bring her somewhere else instead
of her home.
D.She worried that the old man would get lost like her.√答案123454.What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A.The old man rested in Polly’s home for a while.
B.The old man was often helped by others on foggy days.
C.Polly once helped the old man and he paid back her help.
D.There are always chances to help others.√答案123455.Choose the right order of the following five events.
a.She feared when she felt a hand brush her cheek.
b.The bus conductor told her the bus couldn’t take her home.
c.She told the old man that she was lost.
d.She felt frightened because she was not sure whether the old man
knew the way to her home.
e.Polly took the Underground to Green Park.
A.b；e；a；c；d　　　　　　 B.c；a；d；e；b
C.e；a；c；d；b D.a；b；e；d；c√答案12345Ⅱ.课文阅读填空foggywonderedconductorthickrunsensedbrushedfearfrightenedthankful/gratefulⅢ.阅读课文，并试着以约30个词概括本文的大意。
Polly，a young lady，got lost on the way home from work on a foggy afternoon.A blind man led her home when no one could see anything in the thick fog.核心素养提升在我们的生活中，我们把我们的五官感觉看得很重要，并利用它们来感知世界。如果我们失去了一种感觉，我们就可能被认为是残疾人。无论我们身在何处，我们都要保护我们的五官，减少我们受伤害的机会。同时要毫不犹豫地伸出援手去帮助别人。请根据下面的提示，以“The importance of our five senses”为题，描述一下五官的重要性。1.With what can we see and hear?
____________________________________________________________
2.How can we know whether a fish is delicious?
____________________________________________________________
3.How can we know a flower has a pleasant smell?
____________________________________________________________
4.What would happen to you if you lost one or two of your senses?
____________________________________________________________要点探究However，even if we have good senses，they can still confuse us.
然而，即使我们拥有良好的感官，它们仍然让我们感到困惑。重点词汇(1)confuse vt.使糊涂，使迷惑
confuse A and/with B　将A和B混淆
(2)confusing adj.使人困惑的；令人费解的
(3)confused adj.(感到)困惑的；混乱的
(4)confusion n.混淆，混乱；困惑；混乱局面，乱成一团
in confusion困惑地；乱七八糟，处于混乱状态(1)The road signs confused the driver.
那些路标把司机搞糊涂了。
(2)The room was in confusion after the birthday party.
生日晚会之后，房间里一片混乱。
(3)Don’t black white.
不要混淆黑白。confuseand/with[单项填空]
(4)There was a look on his face when he met the problem.
A.confused；confusing B.confused；confused
C.confusing；confused D.confusing；confusing解析√答案解析　句意为：当他遇到这个令人困惑的问题时，脸露出困惑的表情。形容词化了的过去分词表示“感到……的”，作定语或表语时通常修饰人或其表情动作；现在分词表示“令人……的”，通常修饰物，作定语或表语。As Polly observed the passengers on the train，she had a feeling that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark overcoat.
当波莉打量地铁车厢里的乘客时，她感觉有个穿黑色大衣的高个子男人一直在看着她。(1)observe vt.观察；注意到；评论；庆祝；遵守
observe sb. do sth. 注意到某人做某事
observe sb. doing sth. 注意到某人正在做某事
observe＋从句　观察……
(2)observer n.观察者
(3)observation n.观察
注意：observe sb. do sth. 结构如果改成被动语态，应补上省略的to，即sb. be observed to do sth. 类似用法的动词还有see，watch，hear，feel等。(1)How will you observe your birthday?
你将如何庆祝你的生日？
(2)It is everybody’s duty to observe traffic rules to keep our society in order and going on the right track.
每个人都有义务去遵守交通规则，以维持我们的社会秩序并使其在正确的轨道运行。
(3)I them the shop.
我看到他们进入了/正走进商店。observedenter/entering[巧图妙记][单项填空]
(4)Could you tell me how you usually Thanksgiving Day in your country?
A.observe B.remind
C.pass D.congratulate√答案解析解析　句意为：你能告诉我你们国家是怎样庆祝感恩节的吗？observe庆祝(节日)；remind 提醒；pass 通过；congratulate祝贺，庆祝，后接人，构成短语congratulate sb. on/upon祝贺某人……。故选A。While the rest of the passengers were getting out，she glanced at the faces around her.
当其他乘客走出车厢时，她扫视了一下她周围的几张面孔。(1)glance vi.扫视，匆匆一看；n.一瞥；扫视
glance at看一眼，瞥一眼；浏览
at a (single) glance一瞥，看一眼；立刻
at first glance乍一看
give/take/have a glance at朝……一瞥
(2)stare at 由于好奇、无礼、傲慢而“凝视”，一般含有贬义
glare at 因愤怒而“瞪着”
look at没有任何感彩地“看着”(1)He could tell at a glance what is wrong with the bike.
他一眼就可以看出这辆自行车有什么毛病。
(2)At first glance I thought it was a girl，but it turned out to be a boy.
乍一看，我还以为那是个小女孩，结果却是个小男孩。
(3)Before we end this program，let’s take/give/have a glance at the sports news briefly.
节目结束前，让我们简单地浏览一下体育新闻。
(4)She me through her glasses.
她透过眼镜瞥了我一眼。glanced at[单项填空]
(5)A runner can lose a lot of advantages by even back to see how far behind the others are.
A.staring B.glancing
C.glaring D.watching解析√答案解析　句意为：一个赛跑运动员甚至回头看一眼别人离自己有多远，就可能失去很多优势。stare凝视，盯着看；glance匆匆一瞥；glare怒目而视；watch注视，照看，监视。根据题意选B。The tall man was nowhere to be seen.
哪儿也看不到那个高个子男人了。nowhere adv.无处，到处都不
be nowhere to be seen/found/heard哪儿也见/找/听不到
from nowhere不知来自哪里，从不知名的状态
get/go nowhere没有结果；没有进展
nowhere near离(某地方)很远；远不及，远没有，差得远
注意：nowhere含有否定意义，置于句首时，句子语序要用部分倒装。(1)He was getting/going nowhere with his homework until his sister helped him.
他在姐姐的帮助之下作业才有进步。
(2)My English book is nowhere .
我的英语书不见了。
(3)Nowhere else in the world such a quiet，beautiful place.
世界上没有别的地方能像此地这样幽静、美丽了。to be seencan there be[单项填空]
(4)This kind of dictionary is very useful，but it is nowhere .
A.buy B.bought
C.to buy D.to be bought解析答案√解析　不定代词nowhere之后需用不定式作后置定语，buy与句子主语之间为被动关系，故用被动形式to be bought。句意为：这种词典非常有用，但是到处都买不到。解析　句意为：这份报告指出：中国商人在互联网商业上展现出了最大的创新天赋。nowhere置于句首，句子要部分倒装，排除B和D；
A为被动语态，故排除。故选C。(5) “Nowhere else a greater talent for innovation than in Internet-based businesses，”said the report.
A.are Chinese businessmen shown
B.Chinese businessmen have shown
C.have Chinese businessmen shown
D.Chinese businessmen have been shown解析√答案There was no one in sight.
一个人都看不到。in/within sight看得见，在视线内
out of sight看不见
in the sight of在……看来
at first sight乍一看，初见
at the sight of一看到
catch/get/have sight of看见，发现
lose sight of忽视；看不见
lose one’s sight失明(1)The airplane is out of sight behind clouds.
飞机在云层后面，看不见。
(2)They fell in love with each other at first sight.
他们一见钟情。
(3)They ran away at the sight of the police.
他们一看见警察就跑了。
(4)The train is still .
火车仍在视线内。in/within sight[单项填空]
(5)It was already late，so when I came to the street，there was nobody .
A.in advance B.in turn
C.in return D.in sight解析答案√解析　句意为：天早已经晚了，当我到街上的时候，看不见任何人。in advance 预先，提前； in turn 轮流；in return 作为……回报；in sight 看得见。根据句意，故选D项。As she walked along the narrow street，she heard the sound of footsteps approaching，but by the time she reached the corner of the street，the footsteps were gone.
当沿着那条狭窄的街道行走时，她听到了渐近的脚步声，但当她走到街道的拐角处时，脚步声却又消失了。approach vt.& vi.靠近，接近；着手处理；要求；n.靠近；方法；路径
the approach to (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法
with/at the approach of随着……的临近
(1)“做某事的方法”的常见表达方式：
the approach to (doing) sth.
the way to do/of doing sth.
the means of doing sth.
the method of doing sth.
(2)“接近，临近”的常见表达方式：
approach/draw near/come/be around the corner(1)Approaching the vehicle，they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.
走近车辆，他们看到一位妇女正努力从打坏的窗户里爬出来。
(2) the exam，some students worked deep into the night every day.
随着考试的临近，有些学生每天学习到深夜。With/At the approach of[单项填空]
(3)The traditional to dealing with complicated problems is to break them down into smaller ones.
A.access B.approach
C.invitation D.introduction解析答案√解析　句意为：解决复杂问题的传统方法是把它们分解为更小的问题。approach意为 “方法，途径”， 后常接介词to。其他选项意义不符合。access入口； invitation邀请；introduction介绍。Polly hesitated.
波莉犹豫了。(1)hesitate vi.犹豫，迟疑不决
hesitate to do sth. 迟疑做某事；不愿做某事
hesitate about/in/at/over (doing) sth. 对(做)某事犹豫不决
(2)hesitation n.踌躇；犹豫
without hesitation毫不犹豫地(1)Don’t hesitate to contact me if you need any more information.
如果你需要更多信息，尽管和我联系。
(2)Without any hesitation，he jumped into the river to save the drowning child.
他毫不犹豫地跳下河去救溺水的孩子。
(3)He’s still whether to join the football team.
他对是否加入足球队仍拿不定主意。hesitating about[单项填空]
(4)So，it was a win-win situation was why we did not hesitate with them.
A.where；to partner B.which；to partner
C.where；partnering D.which；partnering解析答案√解析　句意为：这是一个我们为什么毫不犹豫地与他们合作的双赢局面。situation为先行词，在从句中作主语，定语从句的引导词用that/which；hesitate to do sth. 迟疑做某事，不愿做某事。故选B。A few seconds later，a hand reached out and grasped her arm.
几秒钟后，有一只手伸了过来，抓住了她的胳膊。reach out 伸出手
reach for伸手去拿/去够
within (sb. ’s) reach(某人)伸手可及的/够得着的
within the reach of sb. 某人所能及的
beyond/out of sb. ’s reach＝beyond/out of the reach of sb. 在某人能力所及范围之外
out of reach遥不可及，够不到(1)Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches，naturally and softly.
微曲膝盖，像树枝一样自然地、柔韧地伸出你的手臂。
(2)He reached for a book on the shelf above his head.
他伸出手从他头上方的书架上拿了一本书。
(3)The young man climbed the tree and picked all the pears within reach.
那个年轻人爬到树上摘下了所有摘得到的梨子。
(4)This new model of car is so expensive that it is ____________________
of those with common income.
新版汽车很贵以至于它超出了那些普通收入者的购买力。beyond/out of the reach解析　句意为：一个人可以不需要任何言语去帮助另一个人，它需要的是一个可以依靠的肩膀和一只倾听的耳朵。make the most of充分利用；make sense of 了解；give way to给……让步；reach out to sb. 向某人伸出援助之手。根据句意，故选D项。[单项填空]
(5)One can another person without any words.What it takes is a shoulder to cry on and an ear to listen.(2018·南京师大附中高一期中)
A.make the most of B.make sense of
C.give way to D.reach out to解析答案√Watch out for the step here.
注意这儿的楼梯。watch out for留心，密切注意
watch out小心；提防
watch for守候，等待
watch over看守；监视；照管
on watch值班，看守
注意：表示“当心，留神”的短语还有：look out for，take care，be careful等。(1)Watch out！There’s a car driving fast toward here.
当心！一辆汽车正飞速驶来。
(2)It is said that each country has its own experts to watch over the changes.
据说每个国家都有自己的专家来监视这些变化。
(3)Apart from two men in the engine--room，everyone was asleep.
除了两个人在机房值班外，其他人都在睡觉。on watch解析　句意为：为了确保工程能如期完工，两位专家被聘请在楼房建造期间进行监督。根据句意可知，应选择watch out for“密切注意”。keep off使避开，远离；carry out实施，执行；try out for参加选拔。[单项填空]
(4)In order to ensure the project’s completion on schedule，two experts were hired to the building when it was being built.
A.keep off B.watch out for
C.carry out D.try out for解析答案√You really shouldn’t feel anxious.
你真的不应该感到焦虑。(1)anxious adj.焦虑的，忧虑的；渴望的，急切的
be anxious about sth. /for sb. 为某事/某人担忧
be anxious for sth. (非常)渴望某事物
be anxious (for sb. ) to do sth. 渴望(某人)做某事
be anxious that...渴望/非常希望……(从句中谓语通常用should＋动词原形，should可以省略)
(2)anxiously adv.焦急地，担忧地
anxiety n.忧虑，渴望
in anxiety担忧地(1)We were all anxious for the result.
我们都急于知道结果。
(2)He seemed most anxious to speak to me alone.
他看起来很想和我单独说话。
(3)Anxious all the time，I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.
我一直焦虑不安， 每次精力集中不超过一个小时。(2016·北京)
(4)Helen traveling on her own.
海伦对自己独自出门旅行感到担心。is anxious about解析　anxious急切的；proud骄傲的；interested感兴趣的；satisfied满意的。由句意可知玉树地震发生时，人们应是急于提供援助。故选A项。[单项填空]
(5)There was a big earthquake in Yushu on April 14,2010，and many people were to offer help.
A.anxious B.proud
C.interested D.satisfied解析答案√‘Thank you so much for coming to my aid，’ said Polly in relief.
波莉如释重负地说：“非常感谢您来帮助我。”aid n.& v.帮助；援助；资助
come/go to one’s aid来/去帮助某人
with the aid of sb. ＝with sb. ’s aid在某人的帮助下
do/give/offer/perform/carry out first aid进行急救
in aid of为了帮助……
aid sb. to do/with sth. 帮助某人做某事；在某事上帮助某人(1)He succeeded with the aid of a completely new method he discovered.
借助于自己发现的一种全新的方法，他获得了成功。
(2)We are raising money in aid of charity.
我们正在为慈善事业筹款。
(3)Be bold and brave—and mighty forces will .
大胆并勇敢些，力量之神会助你一臂之力。come to your aid解析　句意为：若没有电脑在各方面的帮助，这项工作将很难完成。aid帮助，符合句意。delay延迟，拖延；rescue救援；exist存在。[单项填空]
(4)It would be impossible to finish the job without the of the computer which helps us much in many ways.
A.delay B.aid
C.rescue D.exist解析答案√relief n.轻松，宽慰；(焦虑、痛苦等的)减轻，消除
in/with relief欣慰地，释然地
to one’s relief令某人欣慰的是
It is a relief to do sth. 做某事是令人欣慰的。
What a relief！谢天谢地！真叫人宽慰！(5)It is a great relief to have rain after a long time of drought.
久旱逢甘霖是一大慰藉。
(6) ，the animal fell back，shaking its head.
令麦克欣慰的是，那只动物摇着头后退了几步。(2017·浙江)
(7)He sighed —after all，it was just a dream.
他叹了一口气——毕竟只是一个梦而已。To Mac’s reliefin/with relief解析　句意为：在事故中没人受伤，我们都宽慰地松了一口气。relief轻松，宽慰；surprise惊奇；embarrassment尴尬；disappointment失望。根据句意，故选A项。[单项填空]
(8)No one was hurt in the accident，and we all breathed a sigh of .
(2018·宿迁高一期中)
A.relief B.surprise
C.embarrassment D.disappointment解析答案√It gives me the chance to pay back the help that people give me when it’s sunny.
这给了我一个机会，来回报晴天时人们给我的帮助。pay back偿还；回报；报复
pay for付……的货款；因……付出代价
pay off付清，还清；得到好结果；取得成功；付酬解雇
pay in cash/by credit card用现金/信用卡付款(1)I’ll pay for the tickets.
我来买票。
(2)We paid off all our debts after ten years.
十年之后我们还清了全部借款。
(3)Can you lend me some money？I’ll you tomorrow.
你能借给我点钱吗？我明天就还给你。payback解析　句意为：他们一直在努力，他们的努力最终得到回报，他们有足够的钱来还清债务。pay off 得到回报，还清，故选B项。[单项填空]
(4)They kept trying，and their efforts finally .They got enough money to their debt.
A.are paid off；pay back B.paid off；pay off
C.are paid for；pay back D.paid back；pay off解析答案√Outside，wherever she looked the fog lay like a thick，grey cloud.
外面，无论她往哪儿看，大雾就像浓密的灰云聚积着。经典句式(1)连接副词wherever，whenever，however引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter where/when/how。
(2)连接代词whatever，whoever，whichever既可以引导让步状语从句，又可以引导名词性从句。在引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what/who/which。
(3)“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。(1)Whenever/No matter when I made mistakes，the teacher pointed them out with patience.
每当我出错时，老师总是耐心地给我指出。
(2)Whichever one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.
你们当中无论哪一个打破窗子，都要赔偿。
(3)We found the people friendly we went.
无论我们走到哪里，我们都发现人们很友好。wherever/no matter where解析　句意为：老实说，我不是那个可以获得这个荣誉的人。它应该被颁给我们认为做出巨大贡献的人，无论这个人是谁。分析句子结构可知空后的宾语从句中缺少主语，故排除B、D两项；
又因此处指无论这个人是谁，whoever 可引导主语从句和宾语从句，ever 主要用于加强语气，含有“一切”、“任何”、“无论”之义，排除A项。故正确答案为C。[单项填空]
(4)To be honest，I am not the person deserving the honor，it should be given to we think has made the greatest contribution.
A.who B.whom C.whoever D.whomever解析答案√Polly found herself staring up at the face of an old man with a beard.
波莉发现自己正抬头凝视着一张留着络腮胡子的老人的脸。此句的结构为：主语(Polly)＋谓语动词(found)＋宾语(herself)＋宾语补足语(staring up at the face of an old man with a beard)。
find oneself...意为“发现自己(做某事或处于某种状态)”，后常接分词、形容词或介词短语，表示没有预料到的事或状态。find oneself doing sth. 意识到自己不自觉地在做某事。(1)Peter，who was usually shy，found himself talking to the girls.
平时很害羞的彼得发现自己竟和这帮女孩搭起话来了。
(2)After wandering around，we found ourselves back at the hotel.
四处闲逛后，我们竟然回到了旅馆。
(3) ，Mary had to give up her adventure.
发现自己陷入困境后，玛丽不得不放弃她的冒险活动。Finding herself in a difficult situation解析　句意为：因为seat是及物动词，sit是不及物动词，第一空可以是seated或sitting；第二空考查with复合结构，即with＋名词＋非谓语动词；attention与fix之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词。句意为：在阅览室里，我们发现她坐在桌边，专注地看一本书。故选D。[单项填空]
(4)In the reading room，we found her at a desk with her attention on a magazine.
A.sit；to fix B.seating；being fixed
C.seated；fixing D.sitting；fixed解析答案√As Polly observed the passengers on the train，she had a feeling that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark overcoat.难句分析[句式分析][自主翻译]　
当波莉打量地铁车厢里的乘客时，她感觉有个穿黑色大衣的高个子男人一直在看着她。达标检测Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.He got up late this morning，so he only at the political page of the newspaper.
2.It was such a to hear that Marta was found safe and sound.
3.The role of scientists is to (观察) and describe the world，not to try to control it.
4.You’re (使糊涂) him！Tell him slowly and one thing at a time.
5.With exams (临近)，it’s a good idea to review your class notes.glancedreliefobserveconfusingapproaching6.Please don’t (犹豫) any more!
7.Have you given the kids their bus ?
8.Hurried (脚步声) sounded on the stairs.
9.The road was too for two cars to pass at the same time.
10.The electricity failed and the house was in .hesitatefarefootstepsnarrowdarknessⅡ.选词填空watch out for；reach out；in sight；in relief；step out11.David and took down a book on the bookshelf.
12.Do spelling mistakes when you check your homework.
13.The little girl smiled when she was told that she had passed the exam.reached outwatch out forin reliefwatch out for；reach out；in sight；in relief；step out14.—May I speak to Mr Smith?
—I’m afraid Mr Smith for a few minutes，but I’ll tell him you called.
15.The boys were so hungry that they ate everything as soon as they got home.has stepped outin sightⅢ.完成句子
16.一旦养成坏习惯，就难以摆脱。
，bad habits are hard to get rid of.
17.那个男孩回家晚了，发现自己被锁在房子外面了。
The boy came home late and out of the house.
18.我的MP5播放器找不着了。
My MP5 player was .Once formedfound himself lockednowhere to be found19.无论你在哪里或去哪里，你都可以用手机与我保持联系。
or go，you can keep in touch with me using a cellphone.
20.她感到自己的脸颊因为害羞而慢慢变红。
She gradually because of shyness.Wherever/No matter where you arefelt her face turning redⅣ.单项填空
21.We can’t always the traditions handed down to us from the past.(2018·盐城阜宁中学高一期中)
A.grasp B.replace
C.ruin D.observe解析答案√解析　句意为：我们不能永远遵守过去传下来的习俗。observe 遵守。故选D项。22.The doctor at the patient quickly and rang for an ambulance immediately.
A.glanced B.glared
C.gazed D.stared解析答案√解析　句意为：快速看了一眼病人之后，这位医生立即打电话叫了一辆救护车。glance at匆匆地看一眼；glare at怒目而视；gaze at(因惊讶、喜悦或有兴趣而)注视，凝视；stare at(因吃惊、恐惧等而)盯着看。结合题干中的关键词quickly和选项可知本题选A。23.Much to our surprise，in the last few seconds of the race，Gunnell came from to win another gold medal.
A.somewhere B.nowhere
C.anywhere D.everywhere解析答案√解析　句意为：令我们惊讶的是，在比赛的最后几秒钟，Gunnell从没有排名到获得了另一枚金牌。根据句意，故选B项。24.It was with his iron-fist approach crimes in the southern state the 70-year-old man built a political name.
(2018·连云港赣榆高一期中调研)
A.to fighting；where B.of fighting；that
C.of fighting；where D.to fighting；that解析答案√解析　句意为：这位70岁的老人在南方打击犯罪的铁拳方法使其确立了自己的政治名声。approach to doing sth. 做某事的方法；该句是强调句，第二空填that。故选D。25.By the time Dave reached the small boat，a thick white fog _______
over the surface of the water.(2018·沭阳高级中学高一期中)
A.spread B.has spread
C.had spread D.was spreading解析答案√解析　句意为：截止到大卫上小船的时候，浓浓的白色雾霾已经弥漫了水面。by the time引导的时间状语从句中，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，故选C项。本课结束课件92张PPT。Unit 1　The world of our senses基础自测内容索引要点探究达标检测Period Two　Word power & Grammar and usage语法专题基础自测Ⅰ.重点单词
1. vt.& vi.减少
2. n.志愿者
vi.& vt.自愿做，义务做
3. vi.& vt.(吸着气)嗅，闻
4. vt.分析
5. vt.认识，辨认出；意识到；(正式)承认
n.认出；认识reducevolunteersniffanalyserecognizerecognition6. n.谜，疑问
vt.迷惑，使困惑
adj.感到迷惑的
adj.令人迷惑的
7. vt.忽视；对……不予理会
8. vi.流汗
n.汗水
n.运动衫；毛线衫puzzlepuzzledpuzzlingignoresweatsweaterⅡ.重点短语
1. some cases在某些情况下，有时候
2. hungry挨饿
3.be related /be linked 与……有关
4.be curious 对……好奇的
5.make the most 充分利用
6. than而不是
7.make one’s way back sp. 回某地
8.struggle the snow冒雪行进
9.get close 接近，靠近
10.all a sudden突然ingototoaboutofrathertothroughtoofⅢ.重点句式
1.It is believed that...人们认为……
Since strong smells can affect the senses，volunteers were required not to eat or drink for eight hours before the experiment.
因为人们认为强烈的气味会影响感觉，所以志愿者们被要求在实验开始前八个小时内不吃不喝。it is believed that2.that指代“同类的单数或不可数名词”
One explanation is that women’s sense of smell is better developed than ，and is linked to recognizing the smell of babies.
—种解释是女性的嗅觉比男性的发达，而且这和识别婴儿的体味有关系。that of men要点探究In some cases，different parts of speech (usually a noun and a verb) have the same spelling but different meanings.
在某些情况下，不同的词性(通常是名词和动词)有相同的拼写但不同的含义。重点词汇in some cases在某些情况下，有时候
in any case无论如何，总之
in case在……情况下，万一；免得，以防(万一)
in case of在……的情况下，万一
in this/that case假使这样/那样的话
in no case决不(置于句首，引起部分倒装)
as is often the case (with...) 通常就是这样；……是常有的事(1)Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move in case she injured her neck.
拉里告诉她他已经把火扑灭，她应该待着不动以防伤着脖子。
(2)Please inform me in advance in case of any change.
万一有什么变化，请提前通知我。
(3) with him，he was fined for speeding.
他因超速而被罚款，这对他而言是常有的事。As is often the case[单项填空]
(4)People from the West like to use “please” and “thank you” in cases some people in Asia may not think necessary.
(2018·泰州姜堰高一期中)
A.that；it B.when；that
C.where；it D.what；/解析答案√解析　分析句子，cases后是一个定语从句，空处在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导；第二空是think＋形式宾语it＋adj.，it不能省略。Poor people often have to go hungry because they cannot afford the increase.
穷人经常得挨饿，因为他们负担不起这种增长。go hungry表示“挨饿”。go作连系动词，意为“变得”，后面多跟形容词作表语，指由好到坏的变化。其常用搭配有：go wrong/bad/mad/blind/deaf出毛病了/变坏/发疯/变瞎/变聋。(1)Food goes bad easily in summer.
夏天食物容易变质。
(2)His face went red with anger.
他气得满脸通红。
(3)The washing machine last night.
昨晚洗衣机出毛病了。went wrong[单项填空]
(4)—Tonny，it’s too hot.Put the fish in the fridge or it will bad.
—OK，Mum.(2018·泰州姜堰高一期中)
A.go B.change
C.become D.keep解析答案√解析　句意为：——托尼，天太热了。把鱼放到冰箱否则鱼就要变质了。——好的，妈妈。 go bad变质。故选A项。The possibility that pleasant smells might reduce pain has recently been suggested by new research.
好闻的气味会减弱疼痛的可能性在近期的新研究中得到了证实。reduce vt.& vi.减少，缩小(尺寸、数量、价格等)
reduce...to...把……减少到……
reduce...by...减少，缩小……(程度)
be reduced to...沦落为……；迫使……(1)One of the most effective ways to reduce stress is to talk about your feelings with someone you trust.
减少压力最有效的方法之一是与你信任的人谈谈你的感受。
(2)She reduced her weight 6 kilos 40 kilos.
她把体重减到了40公斤，减轻了6公斤。
(3)For some time he begging.
有一段时间他沦落到了乞讨的地步。bytowas reduced to[单项填空]
(4)—The cars give off a great deal of waste gas into the streets.
—Yes.But I’m sure something must be done to air pollution.
A.reduce B.remove
C.collect D.increase解析答案√解析　句意为：——汽车将大量废气排到街道上。——是啊。但是我相信，必定要采取某些措施来减少空气污染。reduce减少，降低；remove搬动，移除；collect收集，搜集；increase增加，提高。结合句意可知A项正确。解析　population常与定冠词the连用，作主语时，谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式；当主语是表示“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时，谓语动词用复数形式。German的复数形式为Germans。reduce，rise等词后跟by表示变化幅度，后跟to表示达到的程度。故选A项。(5)The population of this city，forty percent of which ， 15% in the last three years.
A.are Germans；has risen by
B.are Germen；has fallen by
C.is German；have increased to
D.is Germans；has been reduced by√解析答案...，volunteers were required not to eat or drink for eight hours before the experiment.
……，志愿者们被要求在试验开始前八个小时内不吃不喝。(1)volunteer n.志愿者；vt.& vi.自愿做，义务做
volunteer sth. 自愿提供……，自愿给予……
volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事
volunteer for自愿参加
volunteer as/to be自愿成为……
(2)voluntary adj.志愿的；自愿的，主动的(1)She volunteered some information.
她主动提供了一些信息。
(2)When she retired，she did a lot of voluntary work for the Red Cross.
她退休后为红十字会做了大量的志愿工作。
(3)Two men for the missing climber.
两个人自告奋勇地去寻找那位失踪的登山者。volunteered to search[单项填空]
(4)Last week，my kids along with other kids from the neighbourhood
to help me wash my car.
A.commanded B.contributed
C.preferred D.volunteered解析答案√解析　句意为：上周，我的孩子们和邻居家的孩子们自愿帮我洗车。command要求；contribute贡献；prefer更喜欢；volunteer自愿。根据句意，故选D项。One explanation is that women’s sense of smell is better developed than that of men，and is linked to recognizing the smell of babies.
一种解释是女性的嗅觉比男性的发达，而且这和识别婴儿的体味有关系。(1)recognize vt.认识；辨认出；意识到；(正式)承认
recognize...as/to be...承认/公认……是……
recognize that...认识到/承认……
It is (generally) recognized that...人们公认……
(2)recognition n.认出；认识
beyond recognition认不出来(1)I felt it honored that he still recognized me after all these years.
过了这么多年他还认得我，使我觉得荣幸。
(2)We recognized that Kurt wasn’t just trying to make a sale.
我们认识到库尔特不仅仅是在做销售。(2016·江苏)
(3) Jane is the most intelligent girl among us.
＝Jane the most intelligent girl among us.
简是我们当中公认的最聪明的女孩。It is recognized thatis recognized as/to be解析　句意为：——是你呀，我都没认出来你，你怎么看起来这么瘦，脸色这么苍白？——我病了好几周，现在还在治疗中。从it’s you这句中的谓语动词is，可知：我现在已经认出你来了，但刚才却几乎没有认出你来，故用过去时。recognize，realize，know，understand等表示心理的动词一般不用进行时态。故选B。[单项填空]
(4)—Oh，it’s you.I you.Why are you looking so thin and pale?
—I have been ill for weeks and still under treatment.
A.can’t recognize B.didn’t recognize
C.haven’t recognized D.wasn’t recognizing解析答案√解析　句意为：战争之后当他回到家乡的时候，他发现家乡变得让他认不出来了。beyond recognition认不出来。故选A。(5)When he returned to his hometown after the war，he found it had changed beyond all .
A.recognition B.recreation
C.decoration D.construction解析答案√However，why pleasant smells do not reduce pain in men remains a puzzle for scientists.
然而，为什么悦人的气味不能减少男人的疼痛对科学家们来说还是个谜。(1)puzzle n.难题，难解之事；vt.迷惑，使困惑
be in a puzzle感到困惑
puzzle out仔细思考，设法想出答案
puzzle about/over sth. 对某事苦苦思索
(2)puzzled adj.感到困惑的
(3)puzzling adj.令人感到困惑的(1)Her decision was a puzzle to him.
她的决定对他来说是个谜。
(2)What puzzles me is why he left home without telling anyone.
令我困惑的是他为什么没告诉任何人就离家出走了。
(3)The teacher left the children to the answer to the problem themselves.
老师让学生动脑筋自行寻找问题的答案。puzzle out[单项填空]
(4)When we speak English today，we sometimes feel about which words or phrases to use.
A.puzzled B.anxious
C.grateful D.ignorant解析答案√解析　句意为：当我们今天说英语时，我们有时会感到困惑，不知该用什么词或短语。puzzled感到困惑的；anxious焦虑的，渴望的；grateful感激的；ignorant无知的，愚昧的。根据题意选A。(5)She had a look on her face because of the problem.
A.puzzled；puzzled B.puzzling；puzzling
C.puzzled；puzzling D.puzzling；puzzled解析答案√解析　句意为：因为这个令人困惑的问题她一脸困惑。a puzzled look 困惑的表情；the puzzling problem 令人困惑的问题。Scientists observe that making the most of our senses when we are young can keep us healthy later on in life.
科学家们注意到，我们年轻的时候充分利用我们的感官会使我们在以后的生活中保持健康。make the most of最大限度地利用，充分利用
make use of利用
make full/good use of充分/好好利用
make better use of更好地利用
make the best of最大限度地利用(1)We should make the most of the opportunity.
我们应充分利用这一机遇。
(2)This is a good chance that you can make use of to improve your spoken English.
这是一个你可以利用它来提升你英语口语的好机会。
(3)We could our resources.
我们可以更有效地利用我们的资源。make better use of解析　句意为：——他在这么短的时间内竟然取得这么大的进步真是让人惊讶。——一点不奇怪，他一直利用他的业余时间学习。第一空不填，因为progress是不可数名词；第二空填the，make the most of...充分利用……，故选C。[单项填空]
(4)—It really shocked us that he should have made such rapid progress in his study in such a short time!
—No surprising.He has been making most of his spare time to study.(2018·无锡江阴四校高一期中)
A.a；the B.a； C./；the D./；/解析答案√It is added that while our sense of sight is used too much，our senses of touch and smell have been ignored.
它(研究报告)补充说我们的视觉用得太多，而我们的触觉和嗅觉被忽略了。(1)ignore vt.忽视；对……不予理会
(2)ignorance n.忽视
be in ignorance of sth. 不知某事；对某事不了解
(3)ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的
be ignorant of/about sth. 不知道某事
be ignorant that...不知道……(1)He ignored all the “No Smoking” signs and lit up a cigarette.
他无视所有“禁止吸烟”的标牌，并且还点了根烟。
(2)We your plans.
我们对你的计划一无所知。are in complete ignorance of[单项填空]
(3)—How do you deal with him?
—The best way to deal with an impolite person is to him.
A.recognize B.refuse
C.ignore D.miss解析答案√解析　答句句意为： 对付无理之人的最佳方式就是置之不理。ignore 多指有意忽略，符合题意，故选C项。(4)Last week a tennis ball hit me on the head，but I tried to the pain，believing that it would go away sooner or later.
A.share B.realize
C.ignore D.cause解析答案√解析　句意为：上周一个网球打中了我的头，但是我尽力忽视疼痛，相信它迟早会消失的。share分享；realize意识到；ignore忽视，忽略；cause引起，造成。故选C。One explanation is that women’s sense of smell is better developed than that of men，and is linked to recognizing the smell of babies.
一种解释是女性的嗅觉比男性的发达，而且这和识别婴儿的体味有关系。经典句式(1)本句是复合句，主语为one explanation，that women’s...babies是表语从句，在表语从句中，is better developed与is linked to并列作谓语。
(2)that of men中的that为指示代词，代指前面提到的sense of smell。that代指前文提到的名词时，表示同一类，但未必是同一个。[易混辨析]　it，one，that
※it相当于“the (that，this)＋名词”，特指上文已经出现的人或物，用以指代单数可数名词或不可数名词，即指代同名同物。
※one相当于“a＋名词”，泛指前面提到过的同类事物中的不同的另一个，用于指代单数可数名词，即指代同名异物。前面可有定语，也可没有。
※that相当于“the＋名词”，特指上文中已出现的单数或不可数名词，以避免重复，that指代的名词与前面的名词属于同一类，但不属于同一个。一般情况下，其后都有定语。(1)The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Tianjin.
上海的人口比天津的人口多。
(2)Can you see the book？ is on the desk.
你看见那本书了吗？它在桌子上。
(3)We have been looking at the houses，but haven’t found we like yet.
我们一直在看房子，但还没有找到一套我们喜欢的。Itone[单项填空]
(4)A new study suggests that yelling at children may have consequences
(结果) that go beyond of beating them.
(2018·盐城伍佑中学高一检测)
A.ones B.these
C.those D.that解析答案√解析　句意为：一项新的研究表明，朝孩子喊叫造成的后果可能超过打他们(的后果)。consequence 意为“后果”，其后加介词 of 表示“……的后果”。根据句意和横线后面的介词 of，可以推断此处代词指代consequences，故需用复数形式，排除D项；
ones为不定代词，表示泛指，排除A项；
these 作代词时，指代听说双方都知道的“这些……”，根据句意排除B项；
those 为 that 的复数形式，作为代词时指代前面出现的名词复数，故正确答案为C。达标检测Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Though I hadn’t seen Peter for about twenty years，I __________
him the moment I saw him.
2. (志愿者工作) gives you a chance to change lives，including your own.
3.Eating this kind of fruit often (减少) the risks of heart disease.
4.Why he left the company without telling anyone is still a to us.
5.I said hello to her，but she me completely!recognizedVolunteeringreducespuzzleignoredⅡ.选词填空rather than；make the most of；be linked to；leave out；all of a sudden6.The teacher suggested to us that we time to study English well.
7.You’ve made a mistake—you’ve the letter “t”.
8.It is obvious that lung diseases smoking.make the most ofleft outare linked torather than；make the most of；be linked to；leave out；all of a sudden9.We must set aside some money for a rainy day run out of our income immediately.
10.Because the writer fell ill ，the novel to be published by the end of next month was put off.rather thanall of a suddenⅢ.完成句子
11.她在看电视时睡着了。
She fell asleep .
12.我必须找个人说说心里话，不然，我会发疯的。
I must bare my heart to someone，or I .
13.是你而不是我适合这项工作。
You fit for the job.while (she was) watching TVshall go madrather than I are14.你决不应该放弃。
In no case .
15.光速比音速要快。
The speed of light is faster .should you give upthan that of soundⅣ.单项填空
16.When asked what they would volunteer to do， said they were willing to do something they could.(2017·南菁高级中学高一检测)
A.half of these B.half of which
C.half of them D.half of whom√解析答案解析　句意为：当被问及他们将自愿做什么时，一半的人说他们愿意做些力所能及的事情。由题干可知，题中when作为连词，后接状语从句的省略形式，故逗号后缺少主句的主语。故选C。解析答案17.Some of the members demanded to know why they had been kept
the true facts until they reached the present critical stage.
A.in ignorance of B.in the light of
C.in honor of D.in view of√解析　句意为：有些成员要求了解为什么他们对事实的真相毫不知情，直到他们处于目前危险的境地。sb. be kept in ignorance of不让某人知道……，符合句意。 解析答案18.When Madam Curie did the experiment again，she was more careful she had failed.(2017·徐州一中高一阶段检测)
A.when B.in case
C.if D.where√解析　句意为：居里夫人再做实验时，她对失败过的地方更加小心。where引导地点状语从句。故选D。解析答案19.It’s reported that the degree of wealth concentration in China has
by a third in the past 35 years and now is larger than of the US.(2018·常州高级中学高一期中)
A.risen；that B.risen；what
C.raised；that D.raised；what√解析　句意为：据报道，在过去的35年里中国的财富集中度已经提高了1/3，目前比美国的财富集中度都大。选项中的rise作不及物动词表示“上升，增强”；raise 是及物动词，表示“提高，养育”。题干中主语是the degree of wealth concentration，可知用不及物动词rise；第二空指代的是前文提到的the degree of wealth concentration，所以用表示“同名同物”的代词that，所以A选项是正确的。解析答案20.Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and to ruins，the city took on a new look.
A.reducing B.being reduced
C.reduced D.having reduced√解析　reduce sth. to ruins把……变为废墟。after为介词，后跟动词
-ing形式作宾语，且reduce与逻辑主语the city存在被动关系，故用现在分词的被动形式。语法专题◆语法感知名词性从句用适当的连接词填空
1.I don’t know Mr Black put his bag the day before yesterday.
2. he has won the prize is true.
3. she was really interested in was playing computer games.
4.Word came the winner of the games would get 10,000 dollars.
5.Would you please tell us Todd was absent?whereThatWhatthatwhy6.It is obvious to the students they should get well prepared for their future.
7.It doesn’t matter he is wrong or not.
8.The bus I took was broken on the way.This was I was late.
9.We have some doubt they can complete the task on time.
10.The question is it is worth doing.thatwhetherwhywhetherwhether◆语法精析名词性从句在句子中起名词的作用，可作句子的主语、表语、宾语和同位语，分别称作：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。学习名词性从句应注意其引导词的用法与区别以及名词性从句与其他从句的区别等。一、名词性从句的引导词1.主语从句
在复合句中作主语的从句叫主语从句。
That the football match will be put off is certain now.
足球赛将会推迟一事现在已经确定。
Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine.
违反该法者应予以罚款。注意：(1)主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式，但主语从句的主语只限定从句中的谓语动词，与主句的谓语动词无关。
(2)有时为了避免头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句，而把主语从句置于句末。
It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
英语作为一门国际语言正日益为人们所接受，这是不争的事实。
It is unknown to us all where life developed.
我们都不知道生命起源于何处。2.宾语从句
在复合句中作动词或介词宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
I believe (that) the Chinese Women’s Volleyball Team will win in the World Cup this year.
我相信中国女子排球队将赢得今年的世界杯。
I wonder when he will come to school.
我想知道他什么时候来学校。
I don’t know if/whether he has ever been to Paris.
我不知道他是否去过巴黎。3.表语从句
在复合句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的连接词与引导主语从句和宾语从句的连接词大体相同，有时也用as if引导；表语从句位于系动词之后。
The problem is who can get there to take the place of Ben.
问题是谁能到那儿接替本的位置。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
看起来像是要下雨了。4.同位语从句
在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句叫同位语从句。同位语从句用来对其前面的名词的具体内容进行解释说明。
同位语从句一般跟在下列名词后：belief，doubt，fact，hope，idea，message，news，promise，suggestion，report，thought等。
The fact that his suggestion makes sense should be recognized.
他的建议是有意义的，这一事实需要得到认可。二、that引导的名词性从句
1.当名词性从句是陈述句时，用that引导。
2.介词in和except后接由that引导的宾语从句时，that不能省略。
3.当that引导主语从句时，that不能省略。通常用it作形式主语。
It is necessary and important that one should master the skills of operating computers in order to meet the need of a job.
为了工作的需要，每个人都应该掌握电脑操作技巧是很有必要并且是很重要的。
4.that引导宾语从句时，在非正式英语中，that通常省略。注意：that引导名词性从句时不省略的几种常见情况：
(1)当一个动词带有两个或两个以上并列的that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可以省略，其余的that不可省略。
He told me (that) his father had died and that he had to make a living alone.
他告诉我他的父亲去世了，他不得不独自谋生。
(2)当宾语从句有it作形式宾语时。
Have you made it clear that the form is to be handed in by Friday?
星期五之前这表格应该上交，你讲清楚这一点了吗？(3)当主句谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时。
When Marx got to England，he found，however，that his English was so limited that he couldn’t go on with his common affairs.
然而，当马克思到达英国后，他发现他的英语很有限以至于不能处理日常事务。三、whether或if引导名词性从句时，只用whether不用if的几种情况
1.引导主语从句位于句首时。
Whether they will sell the house is not decided yet.
他们还没有决定是否卖掉这所房子。
2.引导表语从句或同位语从句时。
The question is whether he should do it.
问题是他是否应该做那件事。
There is some doubt whether John will quit his present job.
对于约翰是否会辞去现在的工作还不确定。3.作介词的宾语时。
I haven’t settled the question of whether we’ll invite him.
我还没有解决我们是否邀请他的问题。
4.与or not紧连时。
I don’t know whether or not he finally found his missing watch.
我不知道他最后是否找到了丢失的手表。
5.与不定式连用时。
We had no idea whether to go without Jane.
我们不知道是不是不等简直接走。[对点训练]
1.There’s doubt the new machine can satisfy our needs.
(2018·宿迁高一期中)
A.that B.which
C.what D.whether解析答案√解析　句意为：对这台新机器是否能满足我们的需要还有怀疑。根据句意，故选D项。123456789102.It remains to be seen the new policy can be put into practice.
(2018·沭阳高级中学高一期中)
A.that B.which
C.what D.whether解析答案√解析　句意为：新政策是否能够实施还有待观察。whether可引导主语从句。123456789103. she was sick，I was expected to take her place greatly surprised me，for I didn’t have much work experience.
(2018·连云港赣榆高一期中调研)
A.That if B.That
C.If that D.If解析答案√12345678910解析　句意为：如果她生病，大家希望我来代替她工作，这令我非常吃惊，因为我根本就没有什么工作经验。考查主语从句和状语从句。此题为句中句，增加了试题难度。首先断开句子she was sick，I was expected to take her place，这两个部分只有逗号无连词连接，根据句意，前一部分应为条件状语从句，即if she was sick，...。当句子作主语时，如果句子语意完整且不缺任何句子成分，应由that引导，且that不能省略，所以答案选A。123456789104.With time going by，we have come to realize that creativity is it takes to keep a nation highly competitive.(2017·泰州中学高一期中)
A.what B.how
C.why D.that解析答案√解析　本题是what引导表语从句what it takes to keep a nation highly competitive，并在句中作takes的宾语。句意为：随着时间的流逝，我们逐渐意识到创造性是一个国家保持高度竞争力所需的。故A正确。123456789105. seems to be a strong competition in China for senior high students to enter universities does exist in other countries as well.
(2017·宿迁高一期中)
A.What B.It C.There D.That解析答案√解析　句意为：中国高中生进入大学似乎有很激烈竞争的情况在其他国家确实也同样存在。根据句意及句子结构分析可知，此处为主语从句，连词在从句中作主语，指代“……的情况”，应使用关系代词what引导。故选A。123456789106.The news came my cousin was chosen chairman of the Students’ Union.
A.that B.what
C.whether D.how解析答案√解析　句意为：消息传来，我表弟被选为学生会主席。that引导同位语从句，作the news的同位语，that在从句中不作句子成分，仅起连接作用，且不可省略。故选A。123456789107.Actually， works hard can be they want to be，whether it is a pilot，an engineer or a manager.(2017·徐州一中高一阶段检测)
A.anyone；whoever B.whoever；anyone
C.anyone；no matter what D.whoever；whatever解析答案√解析　句意为：事实上，任何人只要努力工作都可以成为他们想成为的人，无论是飞行员、工程师还是经理。whoever引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，可改为anyone who；whatever引导表语从句，且在从句中作表语。故选D。123456789108.Our country great changes in the past 30 years and it is no longer it used to be.
A.went through；what B.has gone through；that
C.experienced；that D.has experienced；what解析答案√解析　句意为：我们国家在过去的30 年里经历了很大的变化，再也不是以前的样子了。由时间状语in the past 30 years可知时态为现在完成时；what引导表语从句，且在从句中作表语。故选D。123456789109.Can you tell me ？(2017·南菁高级中学高一检测)
A.how good is his spoken English
B.how well his spoken English is
C.how well he speaks English
D.how good he speaks English解析答案√解析　句意为：你能告诉我他英语说得有多好吗？考查宾语从句，此处应用陈述语序，well为副词修饰动词speak。故选C。1234567891010.Why don’t you bring to his attention that you are too ill to work on？(2017·江都中学、省扬中、省溧中高一联考)
A.that B.it
C.his D.him解析答案√解析　句意为：为什么你没让他注意到你身体太不舒服而无法继续工作呢？it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为that you are too ill to work on。故选B。123456789101.Without his support，we wouldn’t be we are now.
(2018·北京，11)
A.how B.when
C.where D.why◆高考链接解析答案1234567√8解析　根据句意可知应该选C项，where引导表语从句。句意为：假如没有他的支持，我们就不会取得现在的成就。2.She asked me I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadn’t.(2017·天津，4)
A.when B.where
C.whether D.what解析答案√12345678解析　考查宾语从句。句意为：他问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。根据句意，故选C。3.The manager put forward a suggestion we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.(2016·天津，11)
A.whether B.that
C.which D.what解析答案√12345678解析　考查同位语从句。句意为：经理提了个建议——我们应雇个助手。要做的工作太多了。分析句子结构可知，空格后的同位语从句用来解释说明suggestion的具体内容，从句中不缺成分且意义完整，故选B项。4.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is one can be entirely free from dust.(2016·北京，29)
A.what B.that
C.whether D.why解析答案√12345678解析　考查表语从句。句意为：雨季最令人愉快的事情是人可以完全不受灰尘的袭扰。分析句子结构可知is后的表语从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，故选B。5.It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.(2016·江苏，21)
A.why B.what C.as D.that解析答案√12345678解析　考查主语从句的引导词。句意为：通常情况下，对于那些心存希望的人来说，一切皆有可能。本句中的it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的名词性从句，从句结构完整，不缺成分，故要用that引导。6.Your support is important to our work. you can do helps.
(2016·北京，24)
A.However B.Whoever
C.Whatever D.Wherever解析答案√12345678解析　句意为：你们的支持对我们的工作很重要，无论你们做什么都会有所帮助。根据句意和结构可知，whatever引导的是主语从句。主语从句中缺少谓语动词do的宾语，表示事物，故选C项。7.I truly believe beauty comes from within.(2015·北京，33)
A.that B.where
C.what D.why解析答案√12345678解析　考查宾语从句。句意为：我真的相信美来自人的内心。宾语从句意思完整，只缺连接词，故选A。8.If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.
(2015·浙江，6)
A.what B.who C.that D.whoever√解析　考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：如果你在河里或湖里游泳的话，务必调查清楚水面之下有什么。水中经常隐藏着石头或树枝。分析句子结构可知，此处investigate后接了宾语从句，从句缺少主语，故用what引导。who与whoever都可以作主语，但是不符合句意；that在名词性从句中仅仅起连接作用，不作句子成分。解析答案12345678本课结束课件58张PPT。Unit 1　The world of our senses基础自测内容索引要点探究达标检测Period Three　Task写作专题基础自测Ⅰ.重点单词
1. n.距离；远处
adj.遥远的；冷淡的
2. n.雷，雷声
3. n.闪电
4. n.三角形；三角形物体
5. n.波浪
vi.&vt.挥手；摆动
6. adv.在头上方distancedistantthunderlightningtrianglewaveoverhead7. n.&vt.&vi.轻拍，轻敲
8. n.套装
vt.适合，满足需要
adj.合适的
9. vt.使连在一起，把……附在……上；认为……重要
10. n.缺陷；伤残
adj.残疾的；有缺陷的
11. adj.抱有希望的
adv.有希望地tapsuitsuitableattachdisabilitydisabledhopefulhopefully12. vi.&vt.小声说；私下说
13. vt.&vi.咬
(过去式)
(过去分词)whisperbitebitbittenⅡ.重点短语
1. the distance在远处
2.set sail 启航前往
3. progress取得进步
4.work 算出；制定出
5.accept... ...把……接纳为……
6.apply... ...把……应用到……
7.according 根据……
8. one’s surprise使某人惊讶的是
9.come 偶遇informakeoutastototoacrossⅢ.重点句式
1.主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式
He was outgoing and .
他非常外向而且听他讲故事非常有意思。
2.nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语
Now he’s no longer hungry， !
现在他不再饿了，我也不再饿了！very interesting to listen tonor am I要点探究重点词汇In the distance I could hear thunder and see lightning coming.
我能听到远方传来的雷声，看见闪电闪耀而来。(1)in the distance在远方
from a distance从远方/处
at a distance隔一段距离，从远处
keep sb. at a distance对某人冷淡；与某人保持一定距离
keep one’s distance from sb. /sth. 与……保持距离，疏远……
in/within walking distance步行就能到；很近
(2)distant adj.远离的；远处的；疏远的；冷淡的(1)I saw some smoke in the distance.
我看到远处有些烟。
(2)It is difficult to get to know her because she always keeps everyone at a distance.
要了解她很难，因为她老是对每个人都保持一定距离。
(3)My parents live of me.
我父母住在我步行就能到的地方。in/within walking distance解析　句意为：史密斯先生爱上了他的同学玛丽，但是玛丽总是对他很冷淡且与他保持距离。be distant towards sb. 对某人冷淡；keep one’s distance from...与……保持一定距离。[单项填空]
(4)Mr Smith fell in love with his classmate Mary.But Mary was always distant him and from him.
A.for；kept her distance
B.of；kept him at a distance
C.towards；kept her distance
D.towards；kept him at a distance√解析答案The sea became very rough and the ship began to struggle in the heavy waves.
海面变得很不平静，轮船开始在巨浪中挣扎。wave n.波浪；vi.& vt.挥手；摆动；使……略呈波浪形；卷(烫)发
wave to/at sb. 向某人招手
wave sth. at sb. 向某人挥动某物
wave sb. goodbye＝wave goodbye to sb. 向某人挥手告别(1)She watched the waves breaking on the rocks.
她看着海浪拍打岩石。
(2)The inspector waved his arms to try his best to keep steady.
检查人员挥舞着胳膊是为了努力保持平衡。
(3)He his fist his son angrily.
他气愤地向他儿子挥着拳头。wavesat[单项填空]
(4)I had my hair in the beauty shop.
A.wave B.to wave
C.waved D.waving解析答案√解析　wave在本句中意为“使(头发)呈波浪形，烫(发)”；waved为过去分词作宾补，构成“have sth. done使某物被……”结构。It was a man in a metal suit.
那是一个穿着金属衣服的人。(1)suit n.套装；vt.适合；满足需要；衣服、颜色等与某人相称或适合
(2)suitable adj.适合的，适宜的
be suitable for适合于……
be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事(1)This arrangement suits us perfectly.
这个安排对我们来说太合适了。
(2)This piece of clothes you.
这衣服很适合你。
(3)These crayons in very hot weather.
这些彩色蜡笔不适合在非常炎热的天气使用。is suitable for/suitsare not suitable to use[易混辨析]　suit，match，fit
※suit多指衣物等的颜色和款式适合某人，也指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位、时间等。
※match多指事物之间大小、色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。
※fit多指大小、形状合适，引申为“吻合，协调”。[单项填空]
(4)When it comes to talking about football，his favorite sport，with David，any time will him.
A.suit B.fit C.match D.get√解析答案解析　句意为：当和大卫谈到他最喜欢的一项运动——足球的时候，对他来说任何时间都行。suit多指衣物等的颜色、款式适合某人，也指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位、时间等。根据题意，此处是指时间上适合某人。故选A。During the operation，Mr Liu had a new hand attached.
在手术过程中，刘先生被安上了一只新的手。attach vt.使连在一起；把……附在……上；使依附，使依恋；认为……重要
attach A to B　把A连接到/附在B上
attach importance/significance to...重视；认为……重要/有意义
be attached to...被连接到……上；附属于；喜欢，爱慕(1)I attached a photo to my application form.
我在申请表上附了一张照片。
(2)This middle school a teachers’ college.
这所中学附属于一所师范学院。is attached to[单项填空]
(3)Chinese culture a particularly high value to the idea that families should live together.
A.devotes B.attracts
C.attaches D.applies√解析答案解析　句意为：中国文化特别重视家庭成员应该共同生活的观点。attach a particularly high value to高度重视；devote...to...致力于……；attract...to...吸引……到……；apply...to...适用于……。根据题意选C。Mr Liu’s doctor has worked out a safe treatment plan for him.
刘先生的医生已为他制定了一个安全的治疗方案。work out制定出；解决；计算出；弄清楚；锻炼身体；结果是
work at从事；致力于；钻研
work on继续工作；不断工作(1)I think we should work out a plan to deal with this situation.
我想我们应该制定出一项计划，用来对付这种情况。
(2)Juan’s English isn’t very good，but he works at it.
胡安的英语不是很好，但他很用功学习。
(3)He has spent the last two years a book about childcare.
过去两年来他一直致力于撰写一本关于儿童保育的书。(in) working on[单项填空]
(4)We were supposed to move into our new classroom building at the beginning of this month，but things didn’t as planned.
A.work out B.carry out
C.move out D.get out√解析答案解析　句意为：我们本应该月初搬进新教室，但是情况不像计划的那样。work out结果是。所以选择A。(5)Every morning the students on the playground.It’s good for their health.
A.break out B.run out
C.figure out D.work out√解析答案解析　句意为：每天早上学生们都在操场上锻炼身体。这对他们的健康有好处。work out锻炼(身体)，做运动，符合句意。经典句式He was outgoing and very interesting to listen to.
他非常外向而且听他讲故事非常有意思。这是“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，在这个结构中，不定式常与句中的主语构成动宾关系，该不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。在该结构中，动词必须是及物动词；若是不及物动词，要在该动词后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。(1)The boy is difficult to teach.
这个男孩很难教。
(2)The house is comfortable to live in.
这房子住着挺舒服。
(3)I think .
我认为这冰太薄，不能在上面溜冰。the ice is too thin to skate on[单项填空]
(4)The story was not interesting enough .
A.to be published B.to publish
C.for publishing D.published解析答案√解析　考查“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，publish与story构成动宾关系，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。Now he’s no longer hungry，nor am I!
现在他不再饿了，我也不再饿了！此句中的“nor am I”为倒装结构，表示前面所说的情况“no longer hungry”也适用于“我”。
(1)so，nor和neither常用于“so/neither/nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”这种句式，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人或物。若前面是肯定的句式，则用so；若前面是否定的句式，则用nor或neither。
(2)当前面的句子中有几种不同形式的谓语或是既有肯定又有否定形式时，要表示相同情况，必须使用句型“So it is with...或It is the same with...”，不能使用so或neither/nor引起的倒装句。此句型可用于肯定句也可用于否定句，陈述两种或两种以上的情况。(1)Times have changed，so have I.
时代变了，我也变了。
(2)I don’t like singing and nor/neither does Jack.
我不喜欢唱歌，杰克也不喜欢。
(3)—Julia likes playing the piano，but she can’t play it well.
— Marala.
——朱莉娅喜欢弹钢琴，但是弹不好。
——玛瑞拉也是这样。So it is with/It is the same with[单项填空]
(4)—I reminded you not to forget to turn off the lights when you left the classroom.
— .(2018·无锡江阴四校高一期中)
A.So did I B.So you did
C.So do you D.I do so√解析答案解析　句意为：——我提醒你不要在你离开教室的时候忘记关灯。
——你的确那样做了。故选B项。(5)—Mike is sixteen years old and he has a sister of seven.
—Wow！ ！
A.So am I B.So do I
C.So have I D.So it is with me√解析答案解析　题干中，前面的句子有两个不同形式的谓语动词is和has，表示Mike的两种不同情况，故D项正确。达标检测Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.She (小声说) to me that someone was moving upstairs.
2.He suffers a lot from his (伤残).
3. (附上) a recent photograph to your application form.
4.Boldness(大胆) means a decision to off more than you are sure you can eat.
5.The travellers in the desert saw a lake and trees growing beside it in the ，but they didn’t exist actually.whispereddisabilityAttachbitedistance6.We had wanted to finish our task by noon，but it didn’t quite .
7.Now a lot of new technologies can solving problems in industry.
8.He called another girl，who he believed the position.
9.We early to avoid the traffic jam，and it took us only half an hour to get here.
10.I showed my pass to the security guard and he me to go.Ⅱ.选词填空work out；apply...to；set off；wave to；be suitable forwork outbe applied towas suitable forset offwaved toⅢ.完成句子
11.这是她第一次听说这样的事。
This is the first time that such a thing.
12.我们看到她在和邻居聊天。
We saw her her neighbors.
13.我不喜欢学习英语，安娜也是。
I don’t like learning English， Anna.
14.直到他告诉我我才意识到出了什么事。
I didn’t realize till he told me.
15.这些标志很难看清楚。
These signs .she has heard ofchatting withneither/nor doeswhat had happenedare hard to see clearlyⅣ.单项填空
16. jokes are likely to contribute to a pleasant atmosphere，you’ve got to be careful not to hurt others.
(2018·常州高级中学高一期中)
A.Since B.While C.If D.As解析答案√解析　句意为：尽管笑话有可能让气氛活跃，但是要小心不要伤到别人。while尽管。故选B项。17.In Britain，packets of cigarettes come with a government health warning them.(2018·泰州中学高一期中)
A.attach to B.attaching to
C.attached to D.to attach to解析答案√解析　句意为：在英国，香烟盒带有政府健康警告。be attached to附属于，喜爱，爱慕。这里用过去分词短语作后置定语。故选C。18.In many people’s opinion，that company，though relatively small，is pleasant .
A.to deal with B.dealing with
C.to be dealt with D.dealt with答案解析√解析　在某些形容词后经常用不定式的主动形式表被动，此时，不定式的动作和句子的主语存在动宾关系。 19.Not having promoted the new digital camera successfully，the company should its original marketing methods.
(2018·泰州二中高一检测)
A.work out B.reflect on
C.depend on D.carry on 解析答案√解析　句意为：这个公司应该就没有成功销售他们的新数码相机这一情况认真反思之前的营销方法。work out解决；reflect on仔细考虑，反思；depend on依赖，依靠；carry on继续进行，从事。根据题意选B。20.He just stood at distance，wondering if it was real goodbye.(2017·泰州中学高一期中)
A.a；a B.a；the
C.the；the D.the；a解析答案√解析　句意为：他站在远处，心里想着这是否是一次真正的再见。第一空考查固定搭配at a distance在远处；第二空用不定冠词a表示“一次”。故选A项。写作专题◆写作指导Telling a story讲故事属于记叙文写作的范畴。记叙文是以记人叙事为主要内容，以叙述为主要表达方式的文体。在高考英语书面表达中，记人和记事常常是相互联系的。记叙文包括人物介绍、故事、游记、报道、典故、日记等。看图作文也多属于这一类。写记叙文时还应特别注意：
1.六要素(人物、时间、地点、事件、原因和结果)完整；人物和事件是叙述的主体。
2.清楚明白，情节完整，但不要过分发挥，以防言多必失。3.时态是一个值得注意的现象。通常事件发生的时间是确定时态的关键。过去的事件和行为用一般过去时，兼用别的过去时态，必要时也用现在时态。叙述经常性的事情时，以一般现在时为主。总之，下笔前一定要统筹全局，确定好时态基点。
4.写作时的逻辑顺序。写作时可以以时间为线索，也可以以空间为顺序，注意时间状语和地点状语的使用。
5.尤其应注意的是，写作故事性的记叙文时，要多用形容词和副词，以使人物形象更加鲜明生动。要更多地使用动词，准确地描写出行为的过程，从而刻画出人物的性格。◆常用句式1.The other day，I was driving along the street when...
2.On the way to school，I saw an old woman walking toward me.
3.When I got to the station，the train had already left.
4.I was so excited that I didn’t know what to say.
5.What a surprise he gave me!
6.It was an unforgettable experience and it made a deep impression on me.◆典题示例假定你在开学的第一周参加了军训，请按下面的提示用英语叙述你军训第一天的情况。
1.当起床铃响起的时候，我还在睡梦中。我迅速起床，穿好衣服，匆忙赶往操场。教官要求我们在五分钟内完成准备动作。
2.教官对我们要求非常严格。一个动作要反复操练，一直到他满意为止，但休息时，他和我们一起唱歌、跳舞、讲故事。我们相处得非常融洽。
3.训练非常艰苦。烈日炎炎，我全身都湿透了，但我们还得继续训练。其中还有位同学晕倒了。4.军训既增强了我们的体质，也磨炼了我们克服困难的意志。
注意：词数150左右。
参考词汇：军训military training；教官drillmaster写作步骤Step 1　审题谋篇
1.写作体裁：记叙文。
2.时态：叙述部分用一般过去时；感受部分用一般现在时。
3.人称：第一人称。
4.布局：(1)训练前准备；(2)训练过程；(3)感受。Step 2　联想词汇
1.一……就…… ____________________________________
___________________
2.对……要求严格 _____________________
3.与……相处得融洽 _____________________
4.磨炼意志 ____________________________________
_________
5.克服困难 __________________________the moment/the instant/as soon as/hardly...when/no sooner...thanbe strict with sb. /in sth. get along/on well with...strengthen/increase one’sdetermination/mind/willovercome/get over difficultiesStep 3　句式升级
1.一听到起床铃，我迅速起床，穿好衣服，匆忙赶往操场。
，I rose immediately，dressed quickly and then rushed to the playground.(时间状语从句)
，I got up quickly，got dressed and then ran to the playground in a hurry.(on/upon doing)
I got up at once，dressed well in a short time and then hurried up to the playground.(hardly...when...引起的倒装句)The moment/As soon as I heard the bellOn/Upon hearing the bellHardly had I heard the bell when2.一个动作要反复操练一直到他满意为止。
An action again and again to make him satisfied.(被动语态)
We had to drill an action again and again .
(until引导的状语从句)was forced to be drilleduntil he was satisfied3.烈日炎炎，我全身都湿透了，但我们还得继续训练。
The sun was .But we still went on drilling.(so...that...)
Although my clothes were all wet ，we still went on drilling.(because of)so strong that my clothes were all wetbecause of the strong sun4.军训既增强了我们的体质，也磨炼了我们克服困难的意志。
The military training strengthens our determination to overcome difficulties .(as well as)
，but it also strengthens our determination to overcome difficulties.(not only引起的倒装句)as well as builds up our bodiesNot only does the military training build up our bodiesStep 4　连句成篇The First Day of the Military Training
Yesterday was the first day of the military training.I was dreaming when the bell for getting up rang.The moment I heard the bell，I rose immediately，dressed quickly and then rushed to the playground.The drillmaster asked us to finish preparations within only five minutes.The drillmaster was very strict with us.We had to drill an action again and again until he was satisfied.At break time，he joined us in singing，dancing and telling stories.We were getting along very well.The sun was so strong that my clothes were all wet.But we still went on drilling.One of my classmates fell to the ground in a faint.
The life of the military training is very hard，but I think it is meaningful.Not only does it build up our bodies，but it also strengthens our determination to overcome difficulties.本课结束课件73张PPT。Unit 1　The world of our senses基础自测内容索引要点探究达标检测课文预读Period Four　Project基础自测Ⅰ.重点单词
1. adj.相反的
n.相反的事实或情况
2. n.(动物或人的)肉
3. n.珠宝
4. vt.吸引
adj.吸引人的，有魅力的
5. adj.镇静的，沉着的，平静的
vt.& vi.使平静，镇静contraryfleshjewelleryattractattractivecalm6. vi.& n.惊慌，恐慌
(过去式)
(过去分词)
(现在分词)
7. adj.可能的
(同义词) adj.可能的
8. n.士兵panicpanickedpanickedpanickinglikelypossible/probablesoldier9. vi.& vt.卷起来；(使)滚动
10. adj.松动的，松开的；宽松的；
vt.松开，释放
11. vt.使用；雇佣
12. prep.不像；与……不同rolllooseemployunlikeⅡ.重点短语
1.contrary 与……相反
2.mistake A B把A误认为B
3.result 导致
4. one’s suggestions/advice听从某人的建议
5.be to do sth. 很有可能做某事
6.roll 卷起来
7.appear 似乎
8.get 迷路toforinfollowlikelyuptolostⅢ.重点句式
1.倍数＋比较级＋than...
Don’t be frightened by sharks：you are _________________________
__________________________ by a shark.
不要被鲨鱼吓倒：你被雷击的可能性比被鲨鱼攻击的可能性大30倍。
2.强调句型
However， _______________ they found their greatest use.
然而，正是在战争中他们才发现了鸽子的最大用途。30 times more likely to be hitby lightning than be attackedit was in war that课文预读Ⅰ.课文阅读理解
1.Which of the following statements is TRUE about sharks?
A.Among nearly 400 different types of sharks，only about 30 types
attack human beings.
B.The most dangerous sharks are the tiger shark and the bull shark.
C.The shark’s attack is the leading cause of people’s death in the sea.
D.The chance of being attacked by sharks is rather small compared to
other dangers.√答案1234562.Which of the following ways can help you out of the attacks from sharks?
A.No swimming in the dark，especially alone at night.
B.The fewer people，the fewer chances to be attacked by sharks.
C.Wearing colourful clothing.
D.Swimming when you have a fresh wound.√答案1234563. is the way to save you out of a shark attack.
A.To keep still，not to make the shark angry
B.To pull aside the shark’s jaws to pull yourself out of its mouth
C.To hit the shark on the head to drive it away
D.To hit the shark on the nose√答案1234564.Why does an officer write a short message quickly on a small piece of paper?
A.Because he wants to test his soldiers’ abilities of writing.
B.Because he intends to practice his handwriting.
C.Because he wants to get help.
D.Because he tries to get a pigeon.√答案1234565.Where did they find the use of the pigeons?
A.In the quiet night.　　　　　 B.In war.
C.At home. D.In the cage.√答案1234566.How do pigeons find their way?
A.They appear to have a compass inside them.
B.They have good memories.
C.They have good sight.
D.They are very clever.√答案123456Ⅱ.课文阅读填空dangerousmistakesbitessuddenAdvice/Suggestionsdark/darknesswoundpanicStickChancesⅢ.阅读第二篇课文“The wonderful world of pigeons”，并试着以约30个词概括第五段(P19，Ls11－19)的段落大意。
Pigeons have a strong sense of direction and they can fly long distances without losing their way.Because of this，since ancient times，they have been used as special messengers，especially in war.要点探究Contrary to what many people might assume，evidence shows that sharks seldom attack humans.
与大多数人可能认为的相反，证据表明鲨鱼很少攻击人类。contrary adj.相反的；n.相反的事实或情况
(be) contrary to与……相反
on the contrary与此相反，正相反[只作状语]
to the contrary相反的；相反地[作定语和状语]重点词汇(1)Contrary to popular belief，animals do not often attack humans.
与普遍的看法相反的是，动物不经常攻击人类。
(2)—Didn’t you find the film exciting?
—On the contrary，I nearly fell asleep half way through it.
——你没发现这部电影很激动人心吗？
——正相反，我在看到一半时差点睡着了。
(3)Show me some evidence .
给我看看有什么相反的证据吧。to the contrary[单项填空]
(4)Snowfall and low temperatures haven’t made the animals move hurriedly for shelter. ，they greet the snow with excitement，either enjoying the snowy landscape or tasting snowflakes.
(2018·常州高级中学高一期中)
A.On the contrary B.In conclusion
C.As a whole D.Aside from答案解析√解析　句意为：降雪和低温并没有让动物匆匆去寻找避难所。正好相反，它们兴奋地向雪花打招呼，要么欣赏雪景，要么品尝雪花。根据语境可知此处表示前后两种情况正好相反，因此选A。in conclusion最后，总之；as a whole总的来说；aside from除……以外。The last two types of attack more often result in the death of humans.
后两种攻击类型对人类来说往往是致命的。result in造成；导致
result from起因于……；由……造成
as a result of因为，由于
as a result结果
with the result that从而，因此，其结果是(1)The earthquake resulted in many thousands of deaths.
地震造成了成千上万的人死亡。
(2)The high unemployment in the country results from the govern-ment’s policies.
那个国家的高失业率是由政府的政策导致的。
(3)He made one big mistake，and， ，lost his job.
他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。as a result[单项填空]
(4)Shy people may be unwilling to open their hearts or express their true feelings， disconnectedness from those around them or awkwardness.(2018·泰州高一期中)
A.resulting in B.to result in
C.resulted in D.to have resulted in√答案解析解析　空格处是非谓语动词，result in 和其逻辑主语是主动关系，故用现在分词resulting in。(5)I was in the bath， I didn’t hear the telephone，which rang several times.
A.as a result of B.with the result that
C.resulting D.resulting from√答案解析解析　在as a result of中，of后面是原因；result作动词，是不及物动词，后面不能直接跟宾语或宾语从句；result from后面接原因，故A、C、D三项均不符合题意。with the result that因此，其结果是，符合题意。Do not wear bright clothing or jewellery，because sharks are attracted to the flash of colours and bright objects.
不要穿鲜亮的衣服或佩戴珠宝首饰，因为鲨鱼会被颜色或明亮物体的闪光吸引。(1)attract vt.吸引
attract one’s attention吸引某人的注意
attract sb. to...把某人吸引到……
be attracted by/to被……吸引；喜爱
(2)attraction n.有吸引力的事物；吸引
have no attraction for sb. 对某人没有吸引力
(3)attractive adj.有吸引力的(1)What do you think attracts people to big cities?
你认为是什么把人们吸引到大城市的？
(2)Babies are attracted by/to bright colours.
婴儿喜欢鲜艳的颜色。
(3)The beautiful beaches are the island’s .
美丽的海滩是这个岛吸引人的地方。attractions[单项填空]
(4)We have to new customers to our restaurant by providing the best service at the lowest price.
A.accept B.attract
C.add D.transfer答案解析√解析　句意为：我们必须通过以最低的价格提供最好的服务来吸引新的顾客到我们餐馆来。attract吸引，符合句意。accept接受；add增加；transfer转移。Keep calm.Do not panic.
保持冷静，不要惊慌。calm adj.镇静的，沉着的，平静的；v.(使)平静，(使)镇静
calm down (人)冷静下来；(风、海)平静下来(1)After a day of noise，the streets are now calm.
一天的喧闹后，街道现在平静了。
(2)She got frightened and excited，but is much now.
她因受惊吓而显得激动，但现在平静多了。
(3)He attempts to ，only to make matters worse.
他试图使他们平静下来，却适得其反。calmercalm them down[单项填空]
(4)—Help！Help！Police...
— ，madam.What’s the trouble?
A.Be quiet B.Calm down
C.Shut your mouth D.So rude答案解析√解析　句意为：——救命啊！救命啊！警察……。——冷静一下，女士，你怎么了？be quiet保持安静；calm down冷静下来；shut your mouth闭嘴；so rude太粗鲁了。根据题意选B。(5)Now keep ，everyone.The police are on the way.
A.silent B.calm
C.frightening D.excited答案解析√解析　keep calm保持冷静，符合句意。silent沉默的，指没有声音的或不讲话的；frightening令人害怕的；excited激动的，兴奋的，活跃的。panic v.& n.恐慌；惊慌
panic sb. into doing sth. 使某人惊慌地做某事
be in a panic处在恐慌中
get into a panic陷入恐慌
in panic惊慌失措地(6)He tried not to panic.
他努力做到不惊慌。
(7)I phoned the police in panic，crying that I’d lost my baby.
我惊慌失措地给警察打电话，哭着说我的孩子丢了。
(8)She refused to a hasty marriage.
她拒绝因惊慌而仓促结婚。be panicked into[单项填空]
(9)The audience were thrown into a when the fire started.
A.terror B.panic
C.disorder D.puzzle答案解析√解析　句意为：当火灾发生时，观众们陷入了恐慌。panic v.& n.恐慌；惊慌。(10)All the office workers fled in every direction when the building shook.
A.on a panic B.in panic
C.in surprise D.with terror答案解析√解析　句意为：大楼震动时，所有的办公室人员都惊慌失措地四处逃跑。in panic惊慌失措地，符合题意。Don’t be frightened by sharks：you are 30 times more likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.
不要被鲨鱼吓倒：你被雷击的可能性要比被鲨鱼攻击的可能性大30倍。(1)likely adj.可能的
be likely to do...可能做……
It is likely that...可能……
Not likely！不会！；不可能！
(2)unlikely adj.不可能的
(3)unlike prep.不像；与……不同(1)You will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day.
你将更有可能在一天中坚持健康的食物选择。(2018·全国Ⅱ)
(2)He was firm and steady unlike other men she knew.
他坚定可靠，和她认识的其他男人不一样。
(3)She win the match.
＝ she will win the match.
她有可能赢得这场比赛。is likely toIt is likely/possible/probable that[易混辨析]　likely，possible，probable
三者均表示“可能的”。用作表语时，区别如下：
※likely的主语可以是人、物或用it作形式主语。
※possible常用it作形式主语，其常用句型为：It is possible that...和It’s possible (for sb. ) to do sth. 。
※probable常用it作形式主语，其常用句型为：It is probable that...。[巧图妙记][单项填空]
(4)Drinking alcohol in small amounts regularly could mean you are less
to become overweight than those who do not drink at all.
(2018·南京师大附中高一期中)
A.possible B.common
C.probable D.likely答案解析√解析　句意为：定期喝少量酒可能要比那些根本不喝酒的人瘦。likely的主语可以是人、物或用it作形式主语。(5)—Would she mind playing against her former teammates?
— She is willing to play against any tough players.
A.I think so. B.I’m not surprised.
C.Of course. D.Not likely!答案解析√解析　句意为：——她介意和她以前的队友比赛吗？——不可能！她愿意和任何强手较量。I think so.我认为如此；I’m not surprised.我并不觉得惊奇；Of course.当然；Not likely！不可能！During both World WarⅠandⅡ，pigeons were employed by armies to carry messages to and from the front lines，saving the lives of many soldiers and even helping win some important victories.
在第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战期间，鸽子被军方用来与前线往返传递消息，挽救了许多士兵的生命，甚至帮助赢得了一些重要的胜利。(1)employ v.雇用；使用，利用(时间、精力等)
employ...as...雇用……作为/当……
(2)employer n.雇主
(3)employee n.雇员
(4)employment n.职业；雇用；使用
out of employment失业(1)I think you’d better employ your spare time better.
我认为你最好把你的业余时间利用得更好些。
(2)John has been out of employment for three years.
约翰已经失业3年了。
(3)Hua Lian Department Store will some people its workers.
华联商厦将要雇用一些工人。employas答案解析[单项填空]
(4)The book wasn’t intended for children probably because the author
too many scientific terms in it.(2018·连云港赣榆高一期中调研)
A.introduced B.wrote
C.employed D.analyzed√解析　句意为：这本书可能不是为儿童写的，因为作者用了太多的科学术语。employ使用，符合句意。故选C项。经典句式Don’t be frightened by sharks：you are 30 times more likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.
不要被鲨鱼吓倒：你被雷击的可能性要比被鲨鱼攻击的可能性大30倍。倍数表达法结构：
(1)倍数＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than
(2)倍数＋the size/length/weight/...＋of
(3)倍数＋as＋形容词或副词的原级＋as(1)The dictionary is exactly three times more expensive than that one.
这本字典比那本贵三倍。
(2)The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.
新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。
(3)His father is twice as old as he.
他父亲的年纪是他的两倍大。[单项填空]
(4)What a table! I’ve never seen such a thing before.It is its length.
(2018·泰州中学高一期中)
A.half not as wide as B.wide not as half
C.not half as wide as D.as wide as not half答案√解析解析　句意为：多奇怪的一张桌子啊！我之前从未见过这样的东西，其宽度还不及长的一半。倍数表达，it is ＋倍数＋as＋形容词原级＋as，否定词not与动词is连在一起，故选C项。(5)The new road built in this month is of the old one that was built in 2011.(2017·宿迁市名校高一期中)
A.more than three times the width
B.three times more than the width
C.three times the width more than
D.more three times than the width答案√解析解析　句意为：这个月建成的新路的宽度超过了2011年建成的那条路的三倍多。此处为倍数表达句型：A＋倍数＋the＋名词＋of＋B。故选A。However，it was in war that they found their greatest use.
然而，正是在战争中他们才发现了鸽子的最大用途。(1)本句为强调句，强调句的基本结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分”。其中的“被强调部分”实际是原来句子中的一个句子成分，可以是主语、宾语、状语，但不能是定语或谓语。强调人时可用who，强调其他任何部分用that。如果把It is/was...that/who...去掉，剩下的部分仍然能组成一个完整的句子。
(2)强调句的一般疑问句结构为：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who...?
(3)强调句的特殊疑问句结构为：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that...?
(4)对not...until...句型中的时间状语(从句)进行强调时其结构为：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分。(1)It was Mary who/that lost her phone in the park last Sunday.
是玛丽上个星期天在公园里丢了手机。
(2) lost her phone in the park last Sunday?
是玛丽上个星期天在公园里丢了手机吗？
(3) lost his/her phone in the park last Sunday?
是谁上个星期天在公园里丢了手机？Was it Mary who/thatWho was it that[单项填空]
(4)It was when I got back to my apartment I first came across my new neighbors.(2017·天津，11)
A.who B.where C.which D.that答案解析√解析　句意为：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我第一次遇见了我的新邻居。本句中去掉It was 和空格，句意依然完整，所以本句是强调句型，强调的是时间状语，应用that。故选D。(5)I just can’t remember that pigeons were first employed to send messages.
A.was it when B.it was when
C.when it was D.when was it答案解析√解析　句意为：我不记得是什么时候，鸽子第一次被用来发送信息。考查宾语从句和强调句的特殊疑问句。强调句的特殊疑问句的结构为：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他；宾语从句要用陈述语序。故选C。达标检测Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Persons under 18 shall not be (雇用) in night work.
2.As a matter of fact，what (吸引) me most to the job was the chance to travel.
3.Generally speaking，young drivers are far more to have accidents than older ones.
4.The woman got into a (惊慌) when she heard that her son had been injured in the accident.
5. to my expectation，they agreed to my plan.employedattractedlikelypanicContraryⅡ.选词填空on the contrary；mistake...for...；result in；be attracted to；attach...to...6.In 1492，Columbus landed on one of the Bahama islands，but he
it an island off India.
7.As a matter of fact，loss of sleep can make you look tired，and even
putting on weight.
8.Every year，a good many tourists visit the old temple.mistookforresult inare attracted toon the contrary；mistake...for...；result in；be attracted to；attach...to...9.Status is the honor or respect a person’s position in society.
10.This is not an economical way to get more water； ，it is very expensive.attached toon the contraryⅢ.完成句子
11. (正是汤姆) put forward the suggestion.
12.I think tickets for the film (可能很贵).
13.This street (是……的三倍宽) as that one.
14.He is said (已经取得了很大的成功) in scientific research.
15.He turned off all the lights， (什么也看不见).It was Tom that/whoare likely to be expensiveis three times as wideto have achieved great successseeing nothingⅣ.单项填空
16.—Am I bothering you?
—No. ，I like you to accompany me.
A.In a nutshell B.On the other hand
C.In the end D.On the contrary√答案解析解析　句意为：——我打扰到你了吗？——不，相反，我喜欢你陪着我。on the contrary相反，符合句意。in a nutshell简单地；on the other hand另一方面；in the end最后。17.It is widely believed that has necessary good qualities is more to achieve success in their career.
(2017·江都中学、省扬中、省溧中高一联考)
A.whoever；possible B.who；likely
C.who；possible D.whoever；likely√答案解析解析　句意为：人们普遍认为，无论谁具备了必要的优良品质都有可能在工作中获得成功。主语＋be likely to do sth. ……很可能做某事；possible和probable必须用it作形式主语。根据题意选D。18.To make the Chinese obey them，the Japanese invaders a scorched-earth policy，destroying villages and burning crops as well as butchering people in mass.
A.employed　　　　　 B.provided
C.supplied D.relied 答案√解析解析　句意为：为了让中国人服从他们，日本侵略者采取了“焦土政策”，摧毁村庄和焚烧庄稼，同时屠杀人民群众。employ使用，利用；provide提供；supply提供，满足；rely依靠，依赖。根据题意选A。19.Staying one day in a Shangri-la Hotel costs renting a house in my hometown for a month.
A.three times the price of B.as much as three times
C.as many three times as D.the three times price of答案解析√解析　句意为：在香格里拉酒店住一天的花费是在我的家乡租房一个月的三倍。考查倍数表达法，倍数＋the＋名词＋of。故选A。20.—Was it because Jack came late for school Mr Smith got angry?
—Yes.He almost missed the class.(2018·宿迁高一期中)
A.why B.who
C.where D.that√答案解析解析　句意为：是因为杰克上学迟到史密斯先生才生气的吗？去掉Was it和空格处，剩余的部分仍是一个完整的句子，由此判断该句是强调句型，被强调部分是because引导的状语从句。原句可还原为Mr Smith got angry because Jack came late for school.。故选D。Ⅴ.微写作
写作素材(关于残疾人)
1.现在很多志愿者举行各种各样的活动去帮助残疾人。
2.他们希望他们的行为能吸引更多的人。
3.他们也希望更多的公司会雇用残疾人。
4.与此同时，残疾人也对他们的帮助表示感激。
提示：加颜色部分用本单元词汇表达。补全短文
Now many 21. hold all kinds of activities to 22. people with 23. .They hope their actions will 24. more people and that more companies will 25. the disabled.At the same time，the disabled 26. them for their help.volunteersaiddisabilityattractemployare grateful to本课结束课件15张PPT。Unit 1　The world of our sensesStep One　 构词助记内容索引Step Three 语境助记Step Two　 词义助记Vocabulary BreakthroughStep One　构词助记A组　前缀
angle n.→ n.三角形
ability n.→ n.缺陷；伤残
like prep.→ prep.不像；与……不同triangledisabilityunlikeB组　后缀
hear v.→ n.听力，听觉
raise v.→ adj.凸起的
conduct v.→ n.售票员；(乐队)指挥
fog n.→ adj.有雾的
dark adj.→ n.黑暗
hope n.& v.→ adj.抱有希望的hearingraisedconductorfoggydarknesshopefulC组　合成
adv.＋n. n.长大衣
n.＋n. n.脚步(声)
n.十字路口
prep.＋n. adv.在头上方overcoatfootstepcrossroadsoverheadD组　转化
n.?v. 预测；预报
瞥一眼，匆匆看
靠近
帮助
自愿做，义务做
迷惑，使困惑
流汗
挥手；摆动forecastglanceapproachaidvolunteerpuzzlesweatwave 轻拍，轻敲
适合，满足需要
惊慌，恐慌
adv.?conj. 无论哪里
adj.?n. 相反的事实或情况
adj.?v. 使平静，镇静
松开，释放tapsuitpanicwherevercontrarycalmlooseStep Two　词义助记A组　同义词
hold v.? v.
worried adj.? adj.
thankful adj.? adj.
help n.& v.? n.& v.
possible/probable adj.? adj.
hire v.? v.graspanxiousgratefulaidlikelyemployB组　反义词
broad adj.? adj.
determine v.? v.
notice v.? v.
shout v.? v.
tight adj.? adj.
C组　形近词
sweet adj.甜的? n.汗水
fresh adj.新鲜的? n.肉narrowhesitateignorewhisperloosesweatfleshStep Three　语境助记背诵经典
1.The old man with serious physical disability is grateful to the volunteers for aiding him in cleaning his house every day.
2.I firmly believe that the bosses are more likely to employ those who can still keep calm in panic.
3.I observe that wherever she is，what first attracts people to her is the priceless jewellery.
4.He is hopeful that his son can ignore other people’s views and grasp the opportunity to become a conductor，following in his footsteps.5.In the darkness with frequent thunder and lightning，a man wearing an overcoat in the distance approached me，which made me very anxious.
6.To our relief，the soldier didn’t hesitate to rush into the burning house and out with the ancient Chinese vase，which reduced our loss.本课结束课件12张PPT。Unit 1　The world of our senses走进高考 · 文化品格渗透In the 1760s，Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有) a special meat soup called consommé.Although the main attraction was the soup，Roze’s chain shops also set a new standard for dining out，which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.
Today，scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants.Take visual hints that influence what we eat：diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食) when their plates matched their food.When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one，customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.Lighting matters，too.When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness，they couldn’t tell how much they’d had：those given extra--large shares ate more than everyone else，but were none the wiser—they didn’t feel fuller，and they were just as ready for dessert.Time is money，but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants.Unlike fast-food places，fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend.One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round：put on some Mozart(莫扎特)．When classical，rather than pop，music was playing，diners spent more.Fast music hurried diners out.Particular scents also have an effect：diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草) stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon，or no scent.Meanwhile，things that you might expect to discourage spending—“bad” tables，crowding，high prices—don’t necessarily.Diners at bad tables—next to the kitchen door，say—spent nearly as much as others but soon fled.It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about ‘bad’ tables，” given that they’re profitable.As for crowds，a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant’s reputation，suggesting great food at fair prices.And doubling a buffet’s price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.58.The underlined phrase “none the wiser” in Paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were .
A.not aware of eating more than usual
B.not willing to share food with others
C.not conscious of the food quality
D.not fond of the food provided√答案585960解析解析　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“...those given extra--large shares ate more than everyone else，but were none the wiser—they didn’t feel fuller...”可知，那些被给以大份饭菜的食客比其他人吃得多，但他们没觉得更饱，这说明在黑暗的就餐环境下，食客并不清楚自己多吃了多少，所以此处的none the wiser是“不清楚，不知道”之意。故选A项。58596059.How could a fine dining shop make more profit?
A.Playing classical music. B.Introducing lemon scent.
C.Making the light brighter. D.Using plates of larger size.√答案解析585960解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“When classical，rather than pop，music was playing，diners spent more.”可知，当演奏古典音乐而不是流行音乐的时候，食客们会花更多的钱。spent more就是对题干中make more profit的语意转化。故选A项。60.What does the last paragraph talk about?
A.Tips to attract more customers.
B.Problems restaurants are faced with.
C.Ways to improve restaurants’ reputation.
D.Common misunderstandings about restaurants.√答案解析585960解析　段落大意题。根据最后一段首句中的“things that you might expect to discourage spending—‘bad’tables，crowding，high prices—don’t necessarily”可知，你可能认为会打消你消费念头的东西——位置“不好”的桌位、拥挤和价格高——未必如此(指在某些人看来，这些不利因素未必不会带来利润的增加)。由此可知，作者认为这些对于餐馆的常见的观点是一种误解。故选D项。585960本课结束课件86张PPT。Unit 2　Language话题导入戴着瓶底眼镜的书呆子们曾经被嘲笑为无用的“geek”，然而时代在变化，咸鱼也有翻身的一天！柯林斯词典给了这个词一个全新的、积极的含义。In the past，they were laughed at for being eggheads(书呆子) wearing glasses with a passion for the pointless.But now，being a member of their group has become a source of pride，with Collins online dictionary naming the term “geek” as UK’s “Word of the Year” on December 16.“Geek” tops the list for 2013 because of its “positive makeover”， a spokeswoman for Collins Dictionary told The Scotsman newspaper.
The word originally appeared in the 19th century as a variant(变形) of “geek”， meaning “a simpleton (傻瓜)”.
“In the 1980s，the word still had a negative meaning，referring to someone who was boring and socially awkward.However，from the late 20th century，due to the increasing importance of technology in society，the word has come to mean a clever，switched--on and cool person，” noted The Scotsman.In September，the dictionary changed the main definition of “geek” from “someone preoccupied with computing” to “a person who is very knowledgeable and enthusiastic about a specific subject”.
“‘Geek’ is a great example of a word that has evolved from having a negative meaning to having a positive one.” Ian Brookes，consultant editor to Collins Dictionary told The Guardian.“This change in meaning represents a positive change in views of specialist expertise(专长；专业知识)，and is a result of the influence of technology on people’s lives.”The Telegraph’s John Bingham believes that the transformation of the word was helped along by the success of the US movie The Social Network，about the creation of the US website Facebook.“Commentators said the film showed that it had become fashionable to be a geek，” Bingham wrote.根据上面短文回答下列问题
1.When did the word “geek” begin to have a positive meaning?
_________________________
2.According to the article，what does “geek” now mainly refer to?
______________________________________________________________
_______
3.What helped to transform the meaning of “geek” from negative to positive according to the article?
_______________________________________________________________
_____________________________From the late 20th century.The increasing importance of technology in society and the success of theSomeone who is very knowledgeable and enthusiastic about a specificsubject.US movie The Social Network.基础自测内容索引要点探究达标检测课文预读Period One　Welcome to the unit & Reading基础自测Ⅰ.重点单词
1. n.词汇
2. vt.占领；占用(时间、空间等)
3. vi.组成，构成
4. n.混合，混合体
vt.使……混合
5. adv.除……之外
6. adj.官方的，正式的
n.办公室
n.官员；军官vocabularyoccupyconsistmixturemixasideofficialofficeofficer7. n.词组，短语
8. n.贡献，促成因素；捐赠
9. vt.击败；战胜
10. vt.替换，代替，取代
11. adj.完全的，整个的
adv.完全地，整个地
12. vt.养育，培养；举起；增加，提高；筹募；提及
13. adv.因此，所以phrasecontributiondefeatreplaceentireentirelyraisetherefore14. n.过程；进程
15. n.区别，差别
16. n.口音，腔调；着重点processdistinctionaccentⅡ.重点短语
1.be made up 由……组成(构成)
2.be different 和……不同
3. fact事实上
4.consist 由……组成(构成)
5.name 以……命名
6.aside 除……之外
7.take control 控制，取得对……的控制offrominofafterfromof8.lead 导致
9.result 引起，导致
10.work 充当；担任
11. well也
12.come use开始使用
13.go 经历；仔细检查；完成；(法律、法案等)被正式通过
14.keep doing sth. 继续做某事
15. this case在这种情况下toinasasintothroughoninⅢ.重点句式
1.the way作先行词的定语从句
Language，in a broad sense，is .
从广义上讲，语言是表达信息的一种方式。the way information is expressed2.even though引导的让步状语从句

，French did not replace English as the first language.
尽管诺曼人在统治英格兰的整整250年间一直讲法语，但是法语并没有取代英语成为第一语言。Even though the Normans spoke French for the entire 250 years theyruled England3.while作并列连词，表转折或对比关系
After the Norman Conquest，high--class people spoke French ____________
___________________.
诺曼征服后，上流阶层说法语，而普通百姓则说英语。
4.It is certain that...可以肯定的是……
____________________________________，and people will keep inventing new words and new ways of saying things.
可以肯定的是，这一进程将会继续，而且人们还将继续发明新词和新的表达事物的方式。while commonpeople spoke EnglishIt is certain that this process will continue课文预读Ⅰ.课文阅读理解
1.Which of the people played the least part in Old English?
A.The Celts.　　　　　　 B.The Angles.
C.The Saxons. D.The Vikings.√答案123452.What is the main reason for English’s development?
A.The borrowing from other languages.
B.The mixing of different languages from different countries.
C.The invasions.
D.All of the above.√答案123453.The base of Old English is .
A.Celtic
B.Anglo--Saxon
C.the languages of Denmark and Norway
D.Anglo--Saxon mixed with the languages of Denmark and Norway√答案123454.According to the text，we can infer “the Renaissance” resulted in the changes of in English.
A.vocabulary B.pronunciation
C.spelling D.accent√答案123455.The text mainly tells us .
A.when English began to change
B.when English began to come into use
C.how English will change in the future
D.how English changed throughout its history√答案12345Ⅱ.课文阅读填空Celtic9thofficialdefeatedcontrollatterEnglandEnglishRenaissanceModernⅢ.阅读课文，并试着以约30个词概括最后一段(P23，Ls52－58)的段落大意。
Modern English，which is changing all the time，appeared during the Renaissance in the 16th century.This change will continue and new words and new ways of saying things will always be invented.核心素养提升We humans have languages and words. We can communicate face to face by speaking. We can write down what happened in order to remember clearly. We can also send messages to people far away. But animals can’t.
Have You Ever Wondered...
?How do animals communicate?
?What types of nonverbal communication techniques do animals use?For example：1.When a bee finds food somewhere, it can tell others by dancing.2.Animals like chimpanzees, touch each others’ hands to express feelings.3.Birds can make different sounds to show different meanings.要点探究The English language is made up of the grammar and vocabulary these people brought to Britain.
英语是由这些人带到不列颠的语法和词汇构成的。重点词汇be made up of由……组成，由……构成
make up编造；弥补；化妆；构成，组成；和好
make...out of...用……做成……；把……改制成……
be made of由……制成(从制成的物体上可看出原材料)
be made from由……制成(从制成的物体上看不出原材料)
be made into把……制成……(1)Our class is made up of 52 students，all of whom are friendly and hard--working.
我们班由52名同学组成，所有人都待人友好，学习刻苦。
(2)Jack can make an airplane out of a piece of paper.
杰克可以用纸折飞机。
(3)Grapes can be made into wine.
葡萄可以酿酒。
(4)One hundred years a century.
一百年构成一个世纪。make up[单项填空]
(5)The world is seven continents and four oceans.
A.made up of B.made out of
C.made from D.made in解析√答案解析　句意为：世界是由七大洲和四大洋组成的。be made up of由……组成，由……构成。故选A项。Then two Germanic groups from the European mainland—the Angles and the Saxons—occupied Britain.
然后，来自欧洲大陆的两个日耳曼部族——盎格鲁人和撒克逊人
——占领了不列颠。(1)occupy vt.占领；占用(空间、时间等)
occupy sb. /sth. /oneself with sth. /in doing sth. 使忙于(做)某事；忙着(做)某事
(2)occupied adj.忙碌的；占用的
be occupied with sth. /(in) doing sth. 从事于某事/忙于做某事
(3)occupation n.占领；消遣；职业(1)They failed in their attempt to occupy the island.
他们占领这座岛屿的企图失败了。
(2)All the seats on the bus were occupied.
公共汽车上所有的座位都有人坐了。
(3)He carries on several occupations at a time.
他同时从事好几种职业。[单项填空]
(4)It is said that he is a translation of a French novel.
(2017·射阳二中高一调研)
A.occupying in B.occupying with
C.occupied in D.occupied with√答案解析解析　句意为：据说，他正忙于翻译一本法语小说。be occupied with sth. /in doing sth. 从事于某事/忙于做某事。故选D。Old English consisted of a mixture of their languages.
古英语由他们的语言的混合体构成。consist vi.组成，构成
consist of(＝be made up of)由……组成(构成)(无被动语态，一般不用进行时态)
consist in在于，存在于
consist with与……一致(1)Our dinner consisted of two courses only.
我们的晚餐只有两道菜。
(2)Theory should consist with practice.
理论应与实践相一致。
(3)Happiness hard work.
幸福存在于努力的工作中。consists in[单项填空]
(4)According to your advice，I have changed my eating habits and my breakfast fresh bread and milk at present.
(2018·盐城伍佑中学高一检测)
A.consists of B.consists in
C.makes up of D.makes up for√解析　句意为：根据你的建议，我改变了我的饮食习惯，现在我的早餐由新鲜的面包和牛奶组成。consist of(＝be made up of)由……组成(构成)(无被动语态，一般不用进行时态)，而make up 表示“组成”用被动语态。故选A项。解析答案Aside from place names such as London，very few Celtic words became part of Old English.
除了像“London”这样的地名外，很少凯尔特语中的单词成为古英语的一部分。表示“除……之外”的短语：
aside/apart from除……之外，根据语境的不同，可以分别相当于besides，except或except for。
besides＝in addition to除……之外(还，也)，常与also，more，other等连用。
except除……之外(都)……，常与all，every，no，none，nothing等含有整体肯定或否定意义的词连用。
except for除……以外，其后所跟的词往往与前面的不是同一类，是指整体中除去的一个细节或某一方面。(1)Aside/Apart from helpful tips，the book also contains a guide to the city’s hotels.(＝besides)
除了有用的小贴士之外，这本书还包括这个城市的酒店指南。
(2)Aside/Apart from the host of the party，I didn’t know a single person there.(＝except)
除了晚会的主人，在那儿我一个人也不认识。
(3) that little problem，the day was perfect.(＝except for)
除了那个小问题之外，那天过得好极了。Aside/Apart from[单项填空]
(4) their normal school hours，many of my students have additional evening or weekend classes.(2018·涟水中学高一检测)
A.Aside from B.In need of
C.In case of D.Regardless of解析答案√解析　句意为：除了正常的上课时间之外，我的许多学生还有额外的晚上或周末课程。根据后文中的additional可知，前面表示“除了正常的上课时间之外”，故选A。The most important contribution was from the Normans，a French-speaking people who defeated England and took control of the country in 1066.
最大的贡献来自于讲法语的诺曼人，他们于1066年击败英格兰并控制了这个国家。(1)contribution n.贡献；促成因素；捐献，捐款
make contributions/a contribution to为……做贡献
(2)contribute vt.& vi.贡献；捐助(献)；(给报刊)投稿
contribute to有助于；捐献；促成，导致；投稿
contribute...to/towards...把……贡献给……(1)The invention of paper is a great contribution to human civilization.
纸的发明对人类文明是一个很大的贡献。
(2)As mayor，he made many positive contributions to the growth of the city.
作为市长，他对这个城市的发展做出了许多积极的贡献。
(3)She often some magazines.
她经常给一些杂志投稿。contributes to[单项填空]
(4)Eating too much fat can heart disease and cause high blood pressure.(2018·连云港华杰中学高一质检)
A.attend to B.devote to
C.be related to D.contribute to解析答案√解析　句意为：食用含太多脂肪的食物会引起心脏病，导致高血压。contribute to导致；attend to 照料；devote to专注于；be related to与……有关。defeat vt.击败，战胜；使落空；n.失败；挫败(5)The mayor defeated all opponents in the last election.
在上次竞选中，市长打败了所有的对手。
(6)The hopes .
希望落空了。were defeated[易混辨析]　defeat，beat，win
※defeat多指击败敌军或入侵者。
※beat多指打败或战胜对手，后可接人名或地名。
※win多指赢得比赛、辩论、战斗等。解析　句意为：露西竞选系主任失败了，这是大多数同事没有预料到的。这让她的父母很不安。Lucy’s being defeated in running for head of the department为动名词的复合结构，即名词所有格＋动名词，在句中作主语。[单项填空]
(7) in running for head of the department，which most colleagues had not expected，made her parents very upset.
A.Lucy was defeated B.Lucy being defeated
C.Lucy’s been defeated D.Lucy’s being defeated解析答案√take control of控制，取得对……的控制
lose control of对……失去控制
get out of control摆脱控制
under control受控制
out of control失去控制
in control of控制；掌握
in the control of由……控制
beyond one’s control超出某人的控制范围(8)There must be someone who can take control of these naughty children.
一定有人能管住这些淘气的孩子。
(9)With the help of the firefighters，they got the fire under control.
在消防员的帮助下，他们控制住了火情。
(10)Who do you let your class while you’re out?
你出去的时候，让谁来管理你的班级？be in control of解析　句意为：要鼓励学生自主学习，而不仅仅只依靠老师。A、B、C三项均表示“失控”。take control of控制。[单项填空]
(11)Students are encouraged to their own learning，rather than just depending on the teacher.
A.be out of control B.lose control of
C.go out of control D.take control of解析答案√However，the Norman Conquest did not affect English as much as the Angles and the Saxons’ victory about 600 years earlier，which led to Old English replacing Celtic.
然而，诺曼征服对英语的影响并不及约600年前盎格鲁人和撒克逊人的胜利对英语的影响，那场胜利导致古英语替代了凯尔特语。lead to导致；通向(to为介词)
lead sb. to...带某人去……
lead sb. to do sth. 引领某人做某事；导致某人做某事(1)All roads Rome.
(谚)条条道路通罗马。
(2)What think so？
什么使你这么想呢？lead toled you to[单项填空]
(3) he said led to him by the police，which made him very sad.(2018·沭阳高级中学高一期中)
A.That；being caught B.What；catching
C.What；being caught D.That；catching解析答案√解析　分析句子结构可知， he said为主语从句且从句缺少宾语，可以排除A、D两项；又由语境可知，此处应为导致他被抓。故第二个空应用被动语态。故选C项。(1)replace(＝take the place of) vt.取代，代替，替换
replace A with/by B 用B代替A
replace sb. as...取代某人而成为……
(2)take one’s place取代；就座
take place发生
in place of取代；代替
take the place of代替(4)Nothing can replace a mother’s love and care.
没有什么东西可以取代一个母亲的爱和关心。
(5)I the old tyres new ones.
我用新轮胎替换了旧轮胎。
(6)Mary Susan the school team’s captain.
玛丽取代苏珊当了校队的队长。replacedwith/byreplacedas[单项填空]
(7)It is not a good idea to skip meals and them with ice creams.
A.remove B.replace
C.return D.renew解析答案√解析　句意为：不吃饭而用冰激凌来代替他们不是一个好主意。remove消除；replace代替；return返回；renew更新。Therefore，the words we use for most animals raised for food，such as cow，sheep and pig，came from Old English.
因此，我们所使用的大多数表示养来食用的动物的单词，如“cow”“sheep”和“pig”，都来自古英语。raise vt.养育，培养；举起；唤起；提高；提出；使出现；筹集；养殖，饲养；种植(1)Please raise your hand if you know the answer.
如果你知道答案的话请举手。
(2)Many shops have raised their prices.
许多商店已经涨价了。
(3)He is a farmer and cows.
他是一位农民，饲养奶牛。raises[易混辨析]　raise，rise
※raise及物动词，过去式raised，过去分词raised。意为“举起；提高；提出；饲养；养育；筹集；种植”。
※rise不及物动词，过去式rose，过去分词risen。意为“上升；起身”。[巧图妙记][单项填空]
(4)On July 18th,2013，the giant panda，Hua Mei， in the Wolong Center，gave birth to a male baby panda， 92g.
A.risen；weighing B.raises；weighs
C.raised；weighing D.raising；weighed解析答案√解析　句意为：2013年7月18日，由卧龙中心饲养的大熊猫“华美”，产下一只重达92克的雄性熊猫宝宝。raise及物动词，意为“饲养”。the giant panda，Hua Mei与raise构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语；weigh不及物动词，意为“重量为……”。a male baby panda与weigh之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作后置定语。故选C。(5)With few people pigs，the price of pork .
A.rising；rises B.raising；raises
C.raising；rises D.rising；raises解析答案√解析　raise是及物动词，意为“饲养”；rise是不及物动词，意为“(价格)上涨”。第一个空用了with的复合结构“with＋宾语＋现在分词”；第二个空是谓语动词，故答案选C。However，by the latter half of the 14th century，English had come into widespread use among all classes in England.
然而，到了14世纪后半叶，英格兰各阶层已广泛使用英语了。come into use开始使用
be (still) in use (仍)在使用中
be out of use废弃不用
make use of使用；利用
put ... to good use好好利用
be of much/no use很有用/没用(1)When did this word come into common use?
这个词是在什么时候开始普遍使用起来的？
(2)The dictionary is really of much use.
这本字典确实非常有用。
(3)All the machines at the moment.
目前所有的机器都在用着。are in use解析　句意为：我认为这是我们能够对这笔钱所作的最好的利用。定语从句中that为关系代词，指代先行词use，作make的宾语，从而构成短语make use of，故选D项。[单项填空]
(4)I think this is the best use that we can the money.
A.use B.spend
C.make use of D.make of解析答案√After the Norman Conquest，high--class people spoke French while common people spoke English.
诺曼征服后，上流阶层说法语，而普通百姓则说英语。经典句式(1)while在此句中作并列连词，意为“然而，却”，前后分句之间为对比的关系。
(2)while还可以作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”。
(3)while常用作从属连词，意为“当……的时候，在……期间”，引导时间状语从句。这时while表示时间段，不能表示时间点。(1)Some people waste food while others haven’t enough.
有些人浪费粮食，然而有些人却吃不饱。
(2) ，I don’t like the shape.
虽然我喜欢这个帽子的颜色，但我不喜欢它的样式。
(3) ，he came in.
我们正在谈论他时，他进来了。While I like the color of the hatWhile we were talking about him解析　句意为：尽管我承认这个人在许多方面并不完美，但我确实非常喜欢他。while在此引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”的意思。[单项填空]
(4) I accept that he’s not perfect in many respects，I do actually quite like the man.(2018·沭阳高级中学高一期中)
A.When B.As
C.Because D.While解析答案√解析　句意为：尽管有些人受到成功需求的激励，而另外一些人却被失败的恐惧激发。根据句意可知，这两句话之间为转折对比关系，故要用while。(5) some people are motivated by a need for success，others are motivated by a fear of failure.(2016·江苏，26)
A.Because B.If
C.Unless D.While解析答案√难句分析The most important contribution was from the Normans，a French-speaking people who defeated England and took control of the country in 1066.[句式分析]　句中a French--speaking people 作the Normans的 ，who引导 从句，修饰 。
[自主翻译]　________________________________________________
同位语定语people最大的贡献来自于讲法语的诺曼人，他们于1066年击败英格兰并控制了这个国家。Even though the Normans spoke French for the entire 250 years they ruled England，French did not replace English as the first language.[句式分析]　even though意为“尽管，虽然”，引导 从句，该从句还包含一个 从句，即they ruled England修饰the entire 250 years。
[自主翻译]　________________________________________________
让步状语定语尽管诺曼人在统治英格兰的整整250年间一直讲法语，但是法语并没有取代英语成为第一语言。达标检测Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Do you think you can (招募) an army quickly enough to defend us against attack?
2.George told me that it was reading that (占用) most of his free time.
3.Let me see all the (正式的) documents concerning the sale of this land.
4.I (替换) the chain with an old piece of rope until something more suitable could be found.raiseoccupiedofficialreplaced5.Ben will all the other competitors and win the first place.
6.I’m afraid getting things changed will be a slow (过程).
7.He made a very positive to the success of the project.
8.There are obvious (区别) between the two wine--making areas.
9.The housing problem we are faced with is becoming more and more serious. ，we must take some effective measures to solve it.
10.The rich man has two ：a cook and a cleaner.defeatprocesscontributiondistinctionsThereforeservants11.So far the state the company.
12.Eating too much fat can health problems，so we must have a balanced diet.
13.She a nurse in a hospital after she graduated from college.
14.The UK Great Britain and Northern Ireland，is a country famous for its history.
15.The street a great man in honor of his great contributions to the city.Ⅱ.选词填空consist of；name after；take control of；lead to；work ashas taken control oflead toworked asconsisting ofwas named afterⅢ.完成句子
16.当我进来的时候，学生们正忙着做作业。
When I came in，the students their homework.(occupied)
＝When I came in，the students _________________________________
their homework.(occupy)
17.他讲了两个故事，前者很有趣，然而后者很枯燥。
He told two stories.The former was interesting _____________________
.were occupied with/(in) doingwere occupying themselves with/(in)doingwhile the latter wasboring18.可以肯定的是他会成功。
he can succeed.
19.即使下雨，他还是会准时来的。
He will come on time .
20.我不喜欢他对待他的宠物狗的方式。
I don’t like .It is certain thateven though/if it rainsthe way (that/in which) he treats his pet dog解析　句意为：听到这个人的报告后，这位官员从座位上站起来，说必须做一些事情来提高人们的生活水平。rise不及物动词，意为“升起，站起，上涨”；raise及物动词，意为“举起，提高，提出，饲养”。根据题意选B。Ⅳ.单项填空
21.Hearing the man’s report，the officer from his seat and said that something must be done to people’s living standards.(2017·江都中学、省扬中、省溧中高一联考)
A.raised；rise B.rose；raise
C.raised；raise D.rose；rise解析答案√22.China’s space station， three capsules and covering an area of no less than 60 square meters，will be completed within 10 years.
(2017·射阳二中高一学情调研)
A.making up of B.made up
C.consisted of D.consisting of解析答案√解析　句意为：由三个太空舱组成，覆盖面积不少于60平方米的中国太空站将在10年内完成。consist of(＝be made up of)由……组成(构成)，主动形式表达被动含义，consisting of＝made up of。根据题意选D。23.Fully in looking after three children at home，she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club.
A.attached B.occupied
C.contributed D.devoted解析答案√解析　句意为：她忙于在家照顾三个孩子，再也没有时间去享受俱乐部的各项活动了。be occupied in doing sth. 忙于做某事。24. the students came from different countries，they got along quite well in the summer camp.
A.While B.Unless
C.Since D.Until解析答案√解析　句意为：尽管这些学生来自不同的国家，但是他们在夏令营里相处得很好。此处用while引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管”。25.Everything was perfect for the picnic the weather.
(2018·无锡江阴四校高一期中)
A.in place of B.as well as
C.aside from D.in case of解析答案√解析　句意为：除了天气之外，所有情况对于野炊来说都非常好。这里aside from＝except for。故选C项。本课结束课件89张PPT。Unit 2　Language基础自测内容索引要点探究达标检测Period Two　Word power & Grammar and usage语法专题基础自测Ⅰ.重点单词
1. n.关心；忧虑
vt.涉及；使担忧；对……感兴趣
adj.担心的，担忧的；有关联的
2. vt.& n.禁止；取缔
3. adj.纯的，纯净的；纯粹的
4. adj.独特的
5. vt.进入；使用
n.通道；(使用的)机会，权利concernconcernedbanpureuniqueaccess6. n.(书写或印刷)文字；符号；人物；性格
7. n.& vi.(狗)叫
8. adj.人种的，种族的
n.种族；比赛characterbarkracialraceⅡ.重点短语
1.depend 依赖，依靠
2.instead 而不是
3.stop sb. (from) sth. 阻止某人做某事
4.look 仰望；查阅；尊敬
5.show concern 关心……
6.set a standard 为……设定标准
7. one time曾经
8.due 由于
9.be up 取决于
10.gain/have access 可以获得/利用on/uponofdoingupforforattototoⅢ.重点句式
1.动名词短语作主语
will certainly be a waste of time.
查找每一个生词当然会浪费时间。
2.What should I do if...？如果……我该怎么办？
I understand now，but the question is I cannot guess the meanings.
我现在明白了，但问题是如果我猜不出其含义该怎么办呢。Looking up every new wordwhat I should do if要点探究Depending on the situation in which the language is used，English can be formal or informal.
根据语言被应用的情况，英语可以是正式的或者非正式的。重点词汇(1)depend on/upon根据；相信，依赖
depend on/upon sb. to do/doing sth. 依靠/相信某人做某事
It/That depends.视情况而定。
(2)dependent adj.依赖的，依靠的
be dependent on/upon依赖，依靠……
(3)independent adj.独立的，自主的
(4)independently adv.独立地(1)He was the sort of person you could depend on.
他是你可以依赖的那种人。
(2)Success is dependent on your efforts and ability.
成功取决于你的努力和能力。
(3)You can’t depend on on time.
你不能指望他能按时来。him coming/to come[单项填空]
(4) —What are you going to do this weekend?
— .If time permits，I may go to Shanghai with my friends.
(2018·连云港赣榆高一期中调研)
A.Don’t mention it B.It doesn’t matter
C.Forget it D.It depends√解析　句意为：——这周末你打算做什么？——看情况。如果时间允许的话，我可能会和我同学一起去上海。Don’t mention it不用谢，不用介意；It doesn’t matter没关系；Forget it不必在意；It depends看情况。故正确答案为D。解析答案They leave garbage on the ground instead of using the garbage cans.
他们将垃圾丢在地上而不是使用垃圾桶。(1)instead of 意为“而不是”，表示“前者代替后者”，在句中连接两个并列成分，前后的成分要对称，它可连接两个名词、代词、形容词或比较级、副词、介词短语、谓语动词、动名词、动词不定式或从句。
(2)instead adv.意为“代替；反而”。(1)Give me the red one instead of the black one.
给我那个红色的，而不是黑色的。
(2)She didn’t answer me. ，she asked me another question.
她没有回答我，反而问了我另外一个问题。Instead[单项填空]
(3)He put the books in the box the shelf.
A.instead B.instead of
C.instead of on D.instead on解析答案√解析　instead of而不是，连接并列的成分，这里连接两个介词短语。King Henry Ⅶ was a poet who showed great concern for language.
亨利七世国王是一位对语言表示极大关注的诗人。(1)concern n.担心，忧虑；关心；vt.关于；与……有关；涉及；牵涉
show/feel concern about/for...担心/关心/挂念……
have no concern for...毫不关心……
have no concern with...与……无关
concern oneself with...关心……
(2)concerned adj.忧虑的，担心的；有关的
as far as...be concerned就……而言
be concerned with与……有关
be concerned about/for...担心/关心/挂念……
(3)concerning prep.关于(1)Some people don’t show much concern for our environment.
有些人不太关心我们的环境。
(2)He didn’t concern himself with the details.
他对细节并不关心。
(3)I the matter.
我与那件事无关。have no concern with[单项填空]
(4) about the student，the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent from class.(2018·泰州高一期中)
A.Concerning B.Concern
C.Concerned D.To concern解析答案√解析　句意为：因为担心这个学生，老师打电话给他的家长想查明他经常逃课的原因。be concerned about意为“担心……”。从句的主语和主句的主语一致，所以从句省略了主语和系动词be。解析　句意为：他所作的关于那场足球赛的演说让很多球迷们感到无聊透顶。此处concerning为介词，意为“关于”。故选A。(5)The speech he made the football match bored a lot of fans to death.(2017·如东高级中学高一检测)
A.concerning B.be concerned
C.concerned D.being concerned√解析答案At one time the department banned some‘borrowed words’ from English，including ‘weekend’and ‘e--mail’.
这个部门曾经禁止了一些来自英语的“外来词”，包括“weekend”和“e--mail”。ban vt.& n.禁止；取缔
ban sb. from (doing) sth. 禁止某人(做)某事
a ban on sth. 对……的禁令
impose/lift a ban (on sth. )颁布/解除(对……的)禁令(1)The government has banned the use of chemical weapons.
政府已经禁止使用化学武器。
(2)The students are banned from using mobile phones during the exam.
在考试中禁止学生使用手机。
(3)There is smoking in the theatre.
在剧院内禁止吸烟。a ban on[单项填空]
(4)He was banned for six months because of drunk driving.
A.to drive B.to driving
C.driving D.from driving解析答案√解析　句意为：他因酒驾被禁止驾车6个月。ban sb. from doing sth. ＝sb. be banned from doing sth. ，意为“禁止某人做某事”。Today，the spread of ‘borrowed words’ is mostly due to the easily accessed Internet and television programmes from across the world.
今天，“借用词”的传播主要是因为容易获取信息的因特网和来自世界各地的电视节目。due to由于，因为(可作状语和表语)
(be) due to sb. 应支付/应给予/应归于某人
表示“由于”的短语还有：owing to，because of，thanks to，as a result of，on account of。be due to do sth.
be due for sth.预定/预计(做)某事(1)The game was put off due to the rain.
比赛因下雨而被延期。
(2)The team are due to fly to Italy next month.
该球队预定下个月飞往意大利。
(3)After he was fired，the company failed to pay him the salary ______
him.
他被解雇后，公司没有支付应该给他的薪水。due to解析　句意为：这个项目的巨大成功主要是由于当地30位商业人士所给予的支持。due to由于，因为；instead of代替，而不是；thanks to幸亏，由于(介词词组)；as for至于。[单项填空]
(4)The great success of this project has been largely the support given by the 30 local businesspersons.
A.instead of B.thanks to
C.due to D.as for解析答案√(1)access vt.进入；接近；使用；n.[U]通道；(使用的)机会，权利
have access to...能够使用/见到/享有……
have/get/gain/obtain access to得以接近，得以进入
(2)accessible adj.可接近的，可进入的；容易理解的；易相处的
be accessible to容易得到的；可使用的；易相处的(5)We can’t access the Internet.
我们连不上网。
(6)Women should also have access to education.
妇女也应该享有受教育的权利。
(7)President Xi the whole Chinese people.
习主席让全国人民感到平易近人。is accessible to解析　句意为：尽管有发达的医疗技术，但很多美国人由于贫穷而无法享受到好的医疗保健。have no access to无法接近/获得，是固定短语。故选A。[单项填空]
(8)In spite of the advanced medical technology，many Americans have no to the good health care for poverty.(2018·涟水中学高一检测)
A.access B.entrance
C.introduction D.devotion解析答案√Whose opinion you agree with is up to you.
同意谁的意见由你自己决定。(1)be up to sb. 由某人决定，是某人的职责/责任
(2)up to的其他含义：
①达到……程度或数量(相当于as far as)
②有资格做……，胜任，适于(相当于fit for)
③做；忙于，从事于(相当于doing或busy doing/with)
④直到，不迟于(相当于until)(1)It is up to the travel companies to warn customers of any possible dangers.
旅游公司有义务提醒顾客任何可能的危险。
(2)This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.
这个旅馆可供500位来宾住宿。
(3) ，he’s been very quiet.
到目前为止，他一直很安静。Up to now解析　句意为：——珍妮，你午餐想吃什么，比萨饼、意大利面还是寿司？——这取决于你。我胃口很好。Sounds good.听起来不错；You’re so considerate.你太体贴了；It’s up to you.这取决于你；It depends.视情况而定。根据题意选C。[单项填空]
(4)—Jenny，what would you like to eat for lunch，pizza，pasta，or sushi?
— .I have a good appetite.
A.Sounds good B.You’re so considerate
C.It’s up to you D.It depends解析答案√经典句式Looking up every new word will certainly be a waste of time.
查找每一个生词当然会浪费时间。动词--ing形式作主语表示抽象的或泛指的动作，谓语动词用单数。(1)Seeing is believing.
眼见为实。
(2)Learning English well is challenging for him as he is an average student.
学好英语对他来说很有挑战性，因为他是个中等水平的学生。
(3) in public is really a challenge.
在公共场合演讲真是一个挑战。Making a speech[单项填空]
(4) made her parents worried a lot.
A.Her not to come back B.Not her to come back
C.Not her coming back D.Her not coming back解析答案√解析　考查动词--ing形式的复合结构在句中作主语，其否定形式是在动词--ing形式前加not。I understand now，but the question is what I should do if I cannot guess the meanings.
我现在明白了，但问题是如果我猜不出其含义该怎么办呢。句中使用了句式What should I do if...？意为“如果……我该怎么
办？倘若……我将会怎么样？”，常省略成What if...？(1)What (should I do) if the train is late?
火车晚点怎么办？
(2) the teacher doesn’t turn up?
如果老师不来怎么办？What if[单项填空]
(3)—Jim，can you work this Sunday?
— ？ I’ve been working for two weeks on end.
A.Why me B.Why not
C.What if D.So what√解析　句意为：——吉姆，这个星期天你能工作吗？ ——为什么是我？我已经连续工作两个星期了。Why me 为什么是我；Why not 为什么不；What if 如果……又能怎样；So what 那又怎样；Why me是“Why do you ask me to work this Sunday”的省略。解析答案达标检测Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.I certainly think there should be a on tobacco advertising.
2.One movie is classified as (纯粹的) art，the other as entertainment.
3.Everyone’s fingerprints are .
4.Police officers believed the attack was (种族地) motivated.
5.How many new Chinese (汉字)have you learned in this passage?banpureuniqueraciallycharactersⅡ.选词填空due to；look forward to；up to；at one time；have access to6.He can earn 7,500 yuan a month.
7.The news I came at last，but it was quite disappointing.
8.The train was late the heavy snow.
9.When you are travelling，you may not always the Internet.
10.There used to be a very pretty valley .up tolooked forward todue tohave access toat one timeⅢ.完成句子
11.做作业时别听收音机。
Don’t listen to the radio .
12.由于紧张，她在演讲比赛中失败了。
Her failure in the speech contest .
13.和你一起工作是一件快乐的事。
is a pleasure.while doing your homeworkwas due to her nervousnessWorking with you14.对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。
to her was her family.
15.如果我在晚会上一个人都不认识怎么办呢？
I don’t know anyone at the party?What was most importantWhat (should I do) if解析　句意为：我们都关心地球上的人口问题，因此，我们正在起草一份关于环境保护的法律文件。be concerned about关心；concerning prep.关于。故选C。Ⅳ.单项填空
16.We are all the population of our earth.Therefore，we are drafting a legal documents environmental protection.
(2017·江都中学、省扬中、省溧中高一联考)
A.concerned about；concerns B.concerned with；concerning
C.concerned about；concerning D.concerned with；concerns√解析答案解析答案17.—What shall we do tonight then?
— —whatever you want.
A.Help yourself B.It’s a deal
C.No problem D.It’s up to you√解析　句意为：——那么今天晚上我们做什么呢？——由你决定，你想做什么都可以。由“whatever you want”可知D项切题。It’s up to you由你决定。解析答案18.—I’ll take the driving test this month.
— you should fail?
A.Why no　　　　　　 B.How so
C.What for D.What if√解析　句意为：——这个月我要参加驾驶考试。——如果你没通过怎么办？What if...如果……怎么办？所以选D。解析答案19.John once worked in a remote mountain village school，which is
only on foot.
A.accessible B.acceptable
C.available D.appropriate√解析　句意为：John曾经在一个偏远山村的学校工作，那里只能步行到达。accessible可进入的，可到达的；acceptable可接受的；available可利用的，可得到的；appropriate适当的，恰当的。根据题意选A。答案20.It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. the answers ready will be of great help.
A.To have had B.Having had
C.Have D.Having√解析　句意为：为参加应聘做好准备很有必要。把回答的内容准备好会大有帮助。
A、B两项表示已完成的动作，而句意只是强调一般性的动作，因此排除A、B两项；
又因动词原形只构成祈使句，不能作句子的主语，因此排除C项。解析语法专题◆语法感知名词性从句的连接词与it作形式主语用适当的连接词或it填空
1. and where the meeting will take place has not been decided yet.
2.She had given them a hint(暗示) they should do.
3.Tell me you didn’t come to class yesterday.
4. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
5. is a pity that he can’t come to the party.WhenwhatwhyItIt◆语法精析一、连接代词、连接副词引导的名词性从句
1.连接代词、连接副词引导的名词性从句在句中所作的成分
由what，which，who/whom，whose等连接代词和when，where，why，how等连接副词引导的名词性从句在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语。(1)主语从句
Where we will go hasn’t been decided.
我们要去哪儿还没有定下来。
What surprised us was her ignorance.
使我们吃惊的是她的无知。
Why he did this is not known.
他为什么要这样做还不知道。
When she will come is still unknown.
她何时来还不知道。注意：主语为从句时，谓语动词一般要用单数形式；但如果what引导的主语从句意义上表示复数或what从句有两个(以上)的动词，是表示复数意义的并列结构时，谓语动词常用复数形式。试比较：
What we need is water.
我们所需要的是水。
What we need are useful books.
我们所需要的是有用的书。
What I say and think are none of your business.
我说什么想什么与你无关。(2)宾语从句
The school was built on what used to be a wasteland.
这所学校是在以前的荒地上建造的。
Now we don’t know how the pyramids were built.
现在我们不知道金字塔是如何建造的。(3)表语从句
The problem is how we could prevent pollution.
问题是我们怎样才能制止污染。
This was why she left home.
这就是她离家的原因。
The Bird’s Nest was where the opening ceremony of the 29th Olympic Games took place.
鸟巢就是举行第29届奥运会开幕式的地方。注意：①because和why都可引导表语从句，why从句的内容表示的是结果，而because从句的内容表示的是原因。试比较：
He was ill.That was why he didn’t attend the meeting.
他病了，那就是他没出席会议的原因。
He didn’t attend the meeting.That was because he was ill.
他没出席会议，那是因为他生病了。
②在the reason why...is/was that...句式中，不能用why/because来代替 that。
The reason why he went to Qingdao was that he wanted to find a good job.
他去青岛的原因是想找到一份好工作。(4)同位语从句
We don’t understand the problem why he gave up the competition at the last minute.
我们不明白这个问题——为什么他在最后一刻放弃了比赛。
She had no idea how she should do it.
她不知道她应该怎样做这件事。
注意：①名词性从句应使用陈述句语序。
②引导名词性从句的连接代词或连接副词，一般不可省略。2.连接代词和连接副词的选择
连接代词和连接副词的选择要把握住两点：
(1)成分：连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接副词在从句中作状语。
(2)意义：无论是连接代词还是连接副词，都有各自的意义。
That’s where the accident took place.
那就是事故发生的地方。(作状语，意为“……的地方”)
She didn’t know who/whom we were talking about.
她不知道我们在谈论谁。(作介词宾语，意为“谁”)3.连接代词what
(1)what 引导从句时，除起连接作用外，还在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分，这时what具有两个含义：
①保留疑问的意义，即“什么；什么样的”；②相当于“the thing(s) that/which”，即“先行词＋定语从句”的含义。
Show me what(＝the things that) you have bought.
把你买的东西给我看看。(2)另外，what的此种用法还可以表示时间(the time that)、地点(the place that)、人物(the person that)、数目(the amount/number that)等不同概念。
She is no longer what she was five years ago.
她不再是五年前的那个她了。
Our income is now double what it was ten years ago.
我们现在的收入是十年前的两倍。注意：当what引导的名词性从句表示时间、地点等概念时，注意区别what，when和where的不同，when和where既可引导名词性从句，又可引导定语从句，修饰表示时间或地点的名词；what不能引导定语从句。试比较：
After what seemed a long wait，the results were announced.
经过了似乎漫长的等待之后，结果被宣布了。(what之前没有表示时间的先行词)
I’ll never forget the time when I studied at university.
我永远忘不了我上大学的那段时间。(when之前有先行词the time)4.“疑问词＋--ever”与“no matter＋疑问词”的用法
whoever，whatever，whichever等既可引导名词性从句又可引导让步状语从句，而“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。
Whoever telephones(＝No matter who telephones)，tell them I’m out.
不管是谁打电话，都说我出去了。
He does whatever she asks him to do.
她要他做什么，他就做什么。[对点训练1]
1. the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
(2018·射阳陈洋中学高一期中)
A.Why B.When C.That D.What解析答案√解析　句意为：延误了的航班何时起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。所填词引导主语从句，且在从句中作时间状语，故用when。123452.—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah，but I have no idea he did it；that’s one of his favorite universities.(2018·盐城阜宁高一检测)
A.when B.why
C.that D.how解析答案√解析　由语境“Mike放弃了他最心仪的大学之一的耶鲁大学，令人不解其故”可知，用why表示“原因”。123453.—Our government is to lift the ban to would like to have a third child.But I doubt if it will lead to the explosion of our population.
—That is perhaps the public’s anxiety lies.
(2018·南京师大附中高一期中)
A.who；where B.whoever；what
C.who；what D.whoever；where解析答案√解析　第一空是to 的宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少主语，表示“无论谁”，用whoever；第二空是is 的表语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，用where。故选D项。123454.—I rang you at about ten o’clock，but there was no reply.
—Oh，that was probably I was seeing the doctor.
A.when B.why
C.what D.that解析答案√解析　句意为：——我大约十点钟给你打电话，但没人接。——噢，那很可能是我看医生的时候。此处应用when引导表语从句。123455.Unlike a film， a passive audience watches and hears is happening on the screen，Real Cine puts you into the action and connects with your senses of sight，smell and touch in an active way.
(2017·如东高级中学高一期中)
A.where；that B.which；what
C.where；what D.which；that解析答案√12345解析　句意为：电影只是让观众被动地看和听屏幕上发生的事，而Real Cine与电影不同，它让你参与到剧情与活动中，以一种主动的方式与你的视觉、听觉、嗅觉和触觉联系起来。前一句是定语从句。a film是定语从句的先行词，在定语从句中作状语，用where； is happening on the screen为宾语从句，其中缺少主语，故用what作主语。故选C项。12345二、it作形式主语
1.基本用法
当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，为避免头重脚轻通常在句首使用形式主语it，而把真正的主语后置。
(1)代替主语从句
It is a fact that the population is still increasing.
人口仍在增长是事实。用it作形式主语的结构：
①It＋be＋名词(a pity，a shame，an honor，a good idea，a miracle，a fact，common knowledge，a surprise...)＋从句。
It is a pity that I can’t go with you because I have to look after my little brother.
我不能和你一起去真是遗憾，因为我必须照看我的小弟弟。
②It＋be＋形容词(clear，possible，likely，natural，certain，fortunate，necessary，strange，uncertain，obvious，important...)＋从句。
It is obvious that he is the best student I have ever met.
很显然，他是我曾遇到过的最好的学生。③It＋不及物动词(happen，seem，occur，matter...)＋从句。
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.
他突然想起他考试不及格。
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.
他是对是错都没关系。
④It＋be＋过去分词(found，believed，reported，thought，proved，known，decided，suggested，required...)＋从句。当这里的过去分词表示“建议、命令、要求”时，从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词形式为should do，should可以省略。It was reported that the fire caused great losses and hundreds of people died.
据报道这次火灾造成了巨大损失，并且有数百人死亡。
It’s suggested that she (should) sing an English song.
有人提议她唱一首英语歌曲。
(2)代替不定式短语
It’s our duty to help others.
帮助别人是我们的义务。
(3)代替v.--ing短语
It’s no use arguing with him.
同他争辩没用。2.it作形式主语和it用于强调句型的比较
it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化，可以是that，whether或连接代词、连接副词。而it强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that，若被强调部分指人时也可用who。试比较：
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.(主语从句)
你没有去看电影真遗憾。It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.(主语从句)
你成功与否我都不感兴趣。
It was in the morning that the murder took place.(强调句型)
正是上午的时候谋杀案发生了。
It was John that/who broke the window.(强调句型)
是约翰把窗子打破的。[对点训练2]
1.Some experts state seems that increased student focus can increase confidence and reduce the tendency among students to be anxious.(2018·泰州高一期中)
A.it B./ C.that D.what解析答案√解析　句意为：一些专家说似乎提高学生的注意力可以增加学生的自信以及减少他们焦虑的趋势。动词state后接宾语从句，从句中使用固定结构it seems that...“似乎……”。故选A。123452. is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger，more prosperous economy.(2018·涟水中学高一检测)
A.Which B.What C.It D.As解析答案√解析　句意为：医疗保健的进步会带来更强大、更繁荣的经济，这是我们的信念。that引导的是主语从句，故空格处应该用it作形式主语，代替真正的that引导的主语从句。故选C。123453. is said he watched most games of the 2014 FIFA World Cup held in Brazil.
A.As；that B.It；that
C.Which；/ D.It；what解析答案√解析　考查固定句型“It is said that...”。it作形式主语，that 引导从句作真正的主语(从句)。句意为：据说，他观看了在巴西举行的2014年世界杯足球联赛的大部分赛事。123454. is amazing that such an old man can climb a 1,000--meter--high mountain.(2018·盐城高一期中)
A.That B.What
C.It D.Which解析答案√解析　句意为：这样的一位老人可以爬1 000米的高山真是令人惊讶。真正的主语是主语从句“that such an old man can climb a 1,000--meter--high mountain”，it作形式主语。故选C。123455.—What shall we do to make the movie star’s visit more successful?
—Not much.It is just the hotel to put up at she is really particular about.
A.where B.what C.which D.that解析答案√解析　考查强调句型。句子还原后是：“She is really particular about just the hotel to put up at.”。故选D。123451.By boat is the only way to get here，which is we arrived.
(2018·江苏，21)
A.where B.when
C.why D.how◆高考链接解析答案1234567√8解析　句意为：坐船是到达这里的唯一方法，这就是我们如何(how)到达的。where表地点；when表时间；why表原因；how表方式。2.The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first place in the bicycle race.(2018·天津，9)
A.whomever B.wherever
C.whoever D.whatever解析答案√12345678解析　句意为：金牌将被授予在自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。介词to后是宾语从句，从句中动词wins前缺主语，而且金牌给的是人，故用whoever引导宾语从句。whomever在从句中作宾语，故排除。3.This is my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.(2018·北京，15)
A.how B.which
C.that D.what解析答案√12345678解析　这是一个含有表语从句的复合句，所选答案在从句中作teach的直接宾语，因此应该选D项。how不能用作宾语；which引导表语从句时意为“哪个，哪些”，不合逻辑；that引导表语从句时在从句中不作成分。句意为：这就是父亲教我的——总是直面困难，并且抱最大的希望。4.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree--lined street，not knowing ______
she was heading.(2017·北京，26)
A.why B.where
C.how D.when解析答案√12345678解析　考查宾语从句连接词的选择。句意为：简沿着绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着，并不知道要去哪里(where)。why为什么；how怎样；when什么时候。5.You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel the coach picks up tourists.(2016·天津，13)
A.who B.which
C.where D.that解析答案√12345678解析　句意为：你等错地方了。长途公共汽车是在旅馆接的游客。强调句的判断方法是将It is/was与that/who去掉后，句子意思依然清楚，结构依然完整。经判断，“The coach picks up tourists at the hotel.”句子成分完整，句意明确，故本句是强调句。因强调的内容是地点，故空格处应填that。6.We must find out Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.(2015·重庆，8)
A.when B.how C.where D.why解析答案√12345678解析　考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：我们一定要搞清楚Karl什么时候来，以便我们给他订房间。由句意可知，要给Karl订房间，那么就要弄清楚他来这里的时间，故选when。7. we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
(2015·北京，35)
A.Where B.How C.Why D.When解析答案√12345678解析　考查名词性从句的引导词。句意为：我们如何理解事物与我们所感觉到的东西有很大关系。分析句子结构可知“ we understand things”为主语从句，结合句意可知选B。8.A ship in harbor is safe，but that’s not ships are built for.
(2015·安徽，25)
A.what B.whom
C.why D.when√解析　考查表语从句的引导词。句意为：船停在港口里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。that’s not后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的for后缺少宾语，用what引导，故选A。why和when是连接副词，不能作宾语；whom指人。解析答案12345678本课结束课件62张PPT。Unit 2　Language基础自测内容索引要点探究达标检测Period Three　Task写作专题基础自测Ⅰ.重点单词
1. adj.温柔的，平和的
adv.温柔地，平和地
2. vt.使尴尬，使难堪
adj.感到尴尬的
adj.令人尴尬的
n.尴尬；使人为难的人/事物
3. adv.向后；向反方向
adv.前进地，向前gentlegentlyembarrassembarrassedembarrassingembarrassmentbackwardsforward(s)4. n.结论；推论
5. n.风俗，习俗
6. vi.& vt.插嘴，打断，暂停
n.打扰；中断
7. adj.错误的，误解的
n.错误；v.弄错conclusioncustominterruptinterruptionmistakenmistakeⅡ.重点短语
1. one’s mind在某人的脑海里
2. and down上下
3.make fun 取笑
4.take photos 拍照
5.pick 挑选；偶然学会
6.be satisfied 对……满意
7. a word总之
8. conclusion最后，总之
9.concentrate 集中注意力；集中；专注inupofofupwithininonⅢ.重点句式
1.there is no need to do sth. 没有必要做某事
When you are late for a small meeting， ‘sorry’.
如果你去开一个小会议迟到了，没有必要说“抱歉”。there is no need to say2.it seems that...看起来……；be likely to do sth. 有可能做某事
In a word， if people learn something about other cultures before they visit a new country，_________________________________
or be misunderstood.
总之，看起来如果人们在去一个新的国家旅游之前了解一下他国的文化，那么冒犯别人或被误解的可能性就会小一些。it seems thatthey will be less likely to upset others3.where引导定语从句
People from the West like to use these words in cases some people in Asia may not think it necessary.
在一些亚洲人或许认为没有必要用这些词的情况下，西方人则喜欢使用这些词。where要点探究重点词汇Even if you already have an answer to the question in your mind before listening，it is still important to concentrate on that subject to make sure that your guess is correct.
即使在听之前你的脑海里已经有了相关问题的答案，集中注意力听主题来验证你的猜测是正确的，这也很重要。in one’s mind在某人的脑海里
have...on one’s mind/be on one’s mind 牵挂……；担心……
change one’s mind改变主意
come into one’s mind掠过/进入某人的脑海
make up one’s mind下定决心
keep/bear in mind记住(1)At that time，something strange appeared in his mind.
那时，他脑海里出现了奇怪的东西。
(2)Suddenly，a terrible thought .
突然，一个可怕的念头出现在我的脑海里。
(3)If you to do it，you will certainly reach your goal.
如果你下定决心去做，你一定会达到目的的。came into my mindmake up your mind解析　句意为：弗雷德一直非常担心他女儿的情况到底怎么样了。have...on one’s mind意为“牵挂……，担心……”。[单项填空]
(4)Fred，who had expected how it would go with his daughter，had a great worry his mind.
A.on B.in C.with D.at解析答案√She is making fun of you and trying to embarrass you into trying harder.
她在跟你开玩笑，想通过使你觉得尴尬而促使你更加努力。(1)embarrass vt.使尴尬，使难堪
embarrass sb. into doing sth. 令某人尴尬而促使其做某事
(2)embarrassing adj.令人为难的
(3)embarrassed adj.感到难堪的；尴尬的
(4)embarrassment n.困窘，尴尬
to one’s embarrassment令某人尴尬的是(1)Are you trying to embarrass me?
你是想让我难堪吗？
(2)I’ve never felt so embarrassed in my life!
我一生中从未感到如此难堪过！
(3) ，she couldn’t remember his name.
让她尴尬的是，她不记得他的名字了。To her embarrassment[单项填空]
(4)Madame Michel found herself in an position, and therefore she felt rather .
A.embarrassing；embarrassed B.embarrassed；embarrassed
C.embarrassing；embarrassing D.embarrassed；embarrassing解析答案√解析　句意为：米歇尔夫人发现自己处于一个令人尴尬的位置，因此她感到非常的尴尬。embarrassing意为“令人尴尬的”；embarrassed意为“感到尴尬的”。 Saying ‘sorry’ if we interrupt or disagree with someone also helps us to be polite.
当我们打扰或不同意某人的看法时说声“对不起”也会使我们显得有礼貌。interrupt vi.& vt.插嘴；打断；暂停[易混辨析]　interrupt，disturb，trouble
※interrupt指使原来正在进行的活动中断或停顿下来，尤指打断别人谈话。
※disturb指妨碍工作的进行或使人不能安宁。
※trouble指一般的烦恼、打扰或不安。(1)Don’t interrupt the speaker now；he will answer questions later.
现在不要打断演讲者讲话，他稍后会回答问题。
(2)She told her son not to his father.
她告诉儿子不要妨碍他爸爸。
(3)They were by disagreement among family members.
他们因家庭成员之间的分歧而烦恼。disturbtroubled[巧图妙记][单项填空]
(4)Production in the factory was for a couple of hours because the electricity was cut off.
A.disturbed B.interrupted
C.missed D.lost√解析答案解析　句意为：工厂的生产因电源切断而中断了几个小时。interrupt中断，符合句意。disturb打扰；miss错过；lose失去。For example，when we disagree，it is much better to say ‘I’m sorry，but I think you may be mistaken’ rather than ‘You’re wrong！’
例如，当我们不同意对方的观点时，最好是向对方说“对不起，我想你可能错了”，而不是说，“你错了！”(1)mistaken adj.错误的；误解的
be mistaken about sb. 误解某人
(2)mistake n.错误的行为(看法、陈述)，误会；v.弄错，误会，误解
by mistake 错误地(并非故意)
make a mistake/mistakes犯错误，搞错了
mistake sb. /sth. for sb. /sth. 把某人/某物误认为某人/某物(1)I thought I saw her at the movies but I guess I was mistaken.
我以为我在电影院看到了她，但我想我弄错了。
(2)I think you’ve made a mistake—this isn’t my coat.
我想你弄错了，这不是我的大衣。
(3)I got on the wrong bus .
我搭错了公共汽车。
(4)She often a famous singer.
她常常被误认为是个著名歌手。by mistakeismistaken for[单项填空]
(5)I think you are completely Jane.
A.mistaking for B.mistook for
C.mistaken about D.mistook by√解析答案解析　be mistaken about sb. 误解某人。句意为：我想你完全误解简了。B项和D项都应改为mistaken，分别表示“你被误当作简了”和“你完全被简误解了”。In conclusion，we need to know the customs of a country so that we do not make others embarrassed or annoyed.
总之，我们需要了解一个国家的风俗以至于我们不会让别人感到尴尬或烦恼。(1)conclusion n.结论；推论；结束；结尾
in conclusion最后，总之
bring...to a conclusion 使……结束
arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion得出结论
make a conclusion下结论
(2)conclude v.推断出；结束
conclude (sth. ) with...以……结束……
conclude from从……中得出；推断(1)In conclusion，I would like to thank all the people present at the meeting today.
最后我想感谢今天参加会议的所有人。
(2)He concluded his speech with a joke.
他以一个笑话结束了他的演讲。
(3)We that the room must have been empty.
我们得到的结论是，那个房间当时肯定是空着的。came to the conclusion[单项填空]
(4)Personally I think the Andrew drew from his simple experiment is not scientific.
A.conclusion B.decision
C.information D.invention√解析答案解析　句意为：我个人认为，安德鲁从简单的实验中得出的结论是不科学的。conclusion 结论，draw a conclusion得出结论，符合句意。decision决定；information信息；invention发明。(5)When the group discussion is nearing its end，make sure to it with important points.
A.conclude B.lead
C.avoid D.hold√解析答案解析　句意为：当小组讨论接近尾声时，一定要用要点来结束讨论。conclude (sth. ) with...以……结束……，符合题意。lead 引导；avoid避免；hold举行。故选A项。经典句式When you are late for a small meeting，there is no need to say ‘sorry’.
如果你去开一个小会议迟到了，没有必要说“抱歉”。There is no need (for sb. ) to do sth. (某人)没必要做某事。
in need在困难中，在困境中
in need of需要……
satisfy/meet one’s needs满足某人的需要
needn’t have done...本来没必要做(而做了)……(1)There is no need for you to wait.
你没有必要等。
(2)We are collecting money for children in need.
我们正在为贫困儿童募捐。
(3)His income is sufficient to .
他的收入足够满足他的需要。satisfy/meet his needs[单项填空]
(4)There is no need for you so hurry.There’s plenty of time left.
A.to be B.being
C.be D.are解析答案√解析　There is no need for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说没有必要做某事。People from the West like to use these words in cases where some people in Asia may not think it necessary.
在一些亚洲人或许认为没有必要用这些词的情况下，西方人则喜欢使用这些词。(1)句中where引导定语从句，并在从句中作地点状语，先行词为cases。
(2)当case意为“情形，情况”，表示抽象地点时，其后的定语从句的引导词通常用where或in which。
英语中诸如case这样表示抽象地点的名词还有stage，position，situation，point，career，degree等，这些名词充当先行词时，若定语从句的引导词在从句中作状语，则引导词用关系副词where，where可用“相应的介词＋which”替换；若引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，则引导词用that/which。此外，记住这几个常见的表示抽象地点的名词对解题也大有帮助。(1)There are many cases where the pen is mightier than the sword.
在许多情况下，文比武更强大。
(2)Until today we have been in a stage we have almost no rights at all.
直到今天我们还处在一个几乎没有权利的阶段。
(3)He’s got himself into a dangerous situation he is likely to lose control over the plane.
他使自己处于一种危险的处境，在这种情况下他很可能失去对飞机的控制。wherewhere[单项填空]
(4)It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.
A.that B.when
C.which D.where√解析答案解析　当先行词为situation，case，stage，point等时，若定语从句中缺少状语，则定语从句的引导词为where。(5)I admire my English teacher very much for she has a special ability to simplify seems complicated，and always creates an atmosphere
all the students feel respected and cared for.
A.it；that B.that；that
C.what；which D.what；where√解析答案解析　句意为：我很佩服我的英语老师，因为她具有简化所有看起来很复杂的事情的特殊能力，并且总能创造出一种让所有的学生都感到受人尊敬和关心的氛围。第一空是个宾语从句，连接词在句中作主语，it不能连接句子，that在从句中不充当成分，排除A和B；第二空是个定语从句，先行词是atmosphere，关系词在从句中作状语，用where。达标检测Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.His speech was frequently by stormy applause.
2.It’s the for the bride’s father to pay for the wedding.
3.Becky came to the (结论) that he must have forgotten it.
4.She (误解) my meaning entirely when I signaled her to sit down.
5.The nurse is (温柔的) in touch，manner and voice.interruptedcustomconclusionmistookgentle6. that you have to be home by 10 o’clock.
7. ，I am tired of everything.
8.By playing with the native boys and girls，one can a lot of their language.
9.Don’t feel sorry for the disabled or them，just accept them.
10.I find it hard to my studies with some people having small talks around me.Ⅱ.选词填空concentrate on；keep in mind；make fun of；pick up；in a wordKeep in mindIn a wordpick upmake fun ofconcentrate onⅢ.完成句子
11.如果你能找到合适的学习方法，学习效率就很可能会提高。
If you can find suitable learning methods，your learning efficiency __
.
12.让她感到非常尴尬的是，她察觉到大家一直都在听她唱歌。
，she realized that everyone had been listening to her singing.
13.看起来你睡眠不足。
you haven’t got enough sleep.islikely to be improvedMuch to her embarrassmentIt seems that14.你没必要起这么早。
so early.
15.我们已经到了需要改变的地步了。
We have reached a point .There is no need for you to get upwhere a change is neededⅣ.单项填空
16.The host was quite annoyed when he found that his things on the desk had been .
A.troubled B.interrupted
C.upset D.disturbed解析答案√解析　句意为：当主人发现他的桌子上的东西被弄乱时，他很生气。trouble(使)麻烦；interrupt打断(谈话等)；upset使心烦；disturb弄乱，搞乱。根据题意选D。17.He seems to be giving the impression that he didn’t enjoy himself in Paris. ，he had a wonderful time.
A.On the contrary B.What’s more
C.As a result D.In conclusion解析答案√解析　句意为：他似乎给人的印象是他在巴黎过得不愉快，恰恰相反，他在那儿玩得很开心。on the contrary相反；what’s more而且；as a result因此；in conclusion总之。根据题意选A。18.—It’s so embarrassing when you can’t remember someone’s name.
— (2017·射阳第二中学高一调研)
A.So what? B.Take it easy.
C.Take care. D.I know the feeling.答案解析√解析　句意为：——你记不得别人的名字时会感到很尴尬。——别担心，不要紧。So what？那又怎么样呢？Take it easy.别担心，不要紧；Take care当心，小心；D项放入语境为汉语式英语。故选B。19. money for school fees，I had to take another part--time job.
A.In case of B.In need of
C.In spite of D.In charge of解析答案√解析　句意为：急需钱筹集学费，我不得不做另外一份兼职工作。in case of以防，如果发生；in need of急需；in spite of不管，不顾；in charge of负责。20.He hasn’t slept at all for three days. he is tired out.
A.There is no point B.There is no need
C.It is no wonder D.It is no way解析答案√解析　句意为：他已经三天没有睡觉了，怪不得他疲惫不堪。It is no wonder (that)...意为“难怪……”，符合句意。写作专题◆写作指导Writing a report本单元的写作是关于调查报告的写法。调查报告是为一个主题或问题下定义，收集相关资料和事实，以便尽量做到完整和精确的表达。报告通常包括分析、判断、结论和建议。写报告应简洁、易懂、准确、逻辑性强、描述性强、针对性强。用于说明或阐述某个事物或某种观点，以说服读者。文章结构通常包括四部分：第一部分阐述报告的目的，即介绍报告的主题。第二部分要罗列已经完成的以及如何完成的工作，即简述所获得信息的途径和方法。第三部分是要对调查得来的事实和有关材料进行叙述。第四部分要说明主要结论，同时概括主要的建议和意见。
需要注意的是要正确读取图表数据，围绕题目中心对数据进行分析、判断、归纳以揭示其规律，找出解决问题的对策。◆常用句式1.Recently，a survey has been done to find out...
2.In this survey we found out that...
3.According to the chart/diagram，...
4.It will bring about unfavorable influence on...
5.It may result in a number of problems.
6.In my opinion，measures should be taken to prevent it from happening again.◆典题示例 你们的英语老师想要开设一个英语角，你在同学中进行了调查，想看看他们对于此事的看法。请根据下表，写一份调查报告。注意：词数150左右。写作步骤Step 1　审题谋篇
1.写作体裁：调查报告。
2.时态：一般现在时为主。
3.人称：第一人称。
4.布局：四段式
(1)调查话题，两种观点；
(2)赞成方的观点及理由；
(3)反对方的观点及理由；
(4)我个人的观点及原因。Step 2　联想词汇
1.开设一个英语角
2.进行调查
3.此外，而且
4.用英语表达
5.不愿意做某事
___________________________________________
__________________________________
____________________________
__________________
______________________________________________
________________set up/open (up)/establish/start an English Cornermake/conduct a survey/an investigationwhat’s more/in addition/besidesexpress...in Englishbe unwilling to do sth. /don’t want to do sth. /don’t feel like doing sth. Step 3　句式升级
1.大多数学生认为这是个好主意，然而还有30%的学生反对(举办英
语角)。
The majority of the students are in favour of it.__________________
_____________________ .(however)
Most of the students think it is a good idea，____________________
________.(while)However,30% ofthem are opposed to itwhile 30% of themdon’t2.通过与其他同学交谈，他们可以学到一些新的东西，并且也有助于增进同学间的友谊。
By talking with other students，they can learn something new _____
________________________________________________.(并列句)
They can learn something new by talking with other students，____
_________________________________________________.(非限制性定语从句)and italso helps to improve the friendship between classmatesalso helps to improve the friendship between classmateswhichStep 4　连句成篇Our English teacher wants to set up an English Corner.I made a survey to see how my classmates think about this.Most of them think it is a good idea，while 30% of them don’t.
70% of the students think that the English Corner can enrich their school life.They can learn something new by talking with other students，which also helps to improve the friendship between classmates.What’s more，they can practice their oral English.But 30% of the students don’t think so.They say they have too much homework to do，and that there is little time for the English Corner.Some of them are not good at expressing their own ideas in English，so they don’t want to speak English at all.
In my opinion，we should have such an English Corner.If we are not good at speaking English，we should practice more.本课结束课件69张PPT。Unit 2　Language基础自测内容索引要点探究达标检测课文预读Period Four　Project基础自测Ⅰ.重点单词
1. vi.相异，有区别
adj.不同的
adv.不同地
n.不同
2. vi.& vt.打猎，猎杀；搜寻
3. n.外观，外貌
vi.出现
vi.消失；失踪
n.消失；失踪differdifferentdifferentlydifferencehuntappearanceappeardisappeardisappearance4. vt.代表；展示，描绘
5. vt.简化
adj.简单的，简朴的
adv.简单地，朴素地
6. vt.& vi.组合；(使)联合
n.结合；混合
7. vt.区分，辨别；使具有某种特征
8. vt.暗示，象征；显示，表示
9. n.缺点，短处representsimplifysimplesimplycombinecombinationdistinguishindicateshortcoming10. vt.(被)压，挤，推，施加压力
n.报刊；新闻界；出版社
n.压力；挤压
11. adj.方便的
12. n.图案，花纹；模式，方式
13. vt.(使劲地)拖，拉
vt.推
14. adj.切实可行的，实用的
n.& vt.实践；练习
15. n.版本presspressureconvenientpatterndragpullpracticalpracticeversionⅡ.重点短语
1.differ 不同于，和……不同
2.stand 代表，象征
3. many cases在很多情况下
4.make 组成；编造；化妆；补足
5. time久而久之；随着时间的流逝
6. a whole作为整体，总体上
7.turn 使变成
8. a result of由于
9.be practical use实用的fromforinupoverasintoasofⅢ.重点句式
1.部分否定
characters were developed from drawings of objects.
不是所有的汉字都是由物体的图画演变而来的。
2.too...to...；be of＋抽象名词
While the students found the soldier’s idea interesting，the system was .
尽管学生们觉得这个士兵的主意很有趣，但这个系统太难了，不实用。Not alltoo difficult to be of practical use课文预读Ⅰ.课文阅读理解
1.From the story of Cang Jie we know the first Chinese characters were invented to represent .
A.objects　　　　　　 B.ideas
C.actions D.pictures√答案12342.The development of the Chinese character “山”(mountain) shows that .
A.it has been simplified
B.it has been made more difficult
C.it was easier to write in drawing
D.people nowadays would prefer drawings√答案12343.The Chinese characters “休”(rest) and “囚”(prisoner) have much in common，except that .
A.both are concerned with a person
B.both are used to represent an idea
C.both are used to represent an object
D.both are made up of two characters√答案12344.The passage is mainly talking about .
A.how the Chinese characters were invented
B.how the Chinese characters have developed
C.how the Chinese characters have been influenced by Western languages
D.how the simplified Chinese characters were introduced√答案1234Ⅱ.课文阅读填空combininginspiredrepresentmadeindicating/suggestingways/methodsinventorduebasedeasy/practical要点探究The Chinese language differs from Western languages in that，instead of an alphabet，it uses characters which stand for ideas，objects or deeds.
汉语与西方语言不同，区别在于它不使用字母，而是用汉字表达思想、物体和行为。重点词汇(1)differ vi.相异，有区别
differ from不同于……，和……不同
differ in...在……方面不同
differ with sb. about/on/over sth. 与某人关于某事意见不同
(2)difference n.不同，差别
make a difference(对某人/物)有作用或影响，有差别
tell the difference分辨，区分，区别
difference between A and B　A和B之间的差别
(3)different adj.不同的
be different from与……不同
(4)differently adv.不同地(1)These two books differ in color—one is red and the other is blue.
这两本书在颜色方面不同——一本是红色的，另一本是蓝色的。
(2)Exercise can make a big difference to your state of health.
锻炼对你的健康状况有重要影响。
(3)What I will choose quite what you have suggested.
我将选择的完全不同于你所建议的。isdifferent from[单项填空]
(4)He differed other people he always looked further ahead in his work.
A.from；in which B.from；in that
C.with；in which D.with；in that答案解析√解析　句意为：他不同于别人，因为他总是在工作中能有远见。differ from与……不同；in that连词，意为“由于，因为”。stand for代表，象征；支持；容忍
stand out突出，显眼；杰出
stand by袖手旁观，无动于衷；支持某人
stand aside站到一边；让开；置身事外；不参与(5)The letters WTO stand for World Trade Organization.
字母WTO代表世界贸易组织。
(6)She’s the sort of person who in a crowd.
她是那种在人群中很显眼的人。stands out[单项填空]
(7)How can you and do nothing while I am in great trouble?
A.stand for B.stand by
C.stand out D.stand up答案解析√解析　句意为：当我陷入大麻烦的时候，你怎么能袖手旁观，什么事都不做呢？stand by袖手旁观，无动于衷，符合句意。stand for 代表，象征；stand out 突出，显眼；stand up 站起来。Then he had the idea that he could use different shapes to represent different objects.
于是他想到可以用不同的形状来代表不同的物体。(1)represent vt.代表；展示；描绘；体现，陈述
represent...as...把……描绘成……
represent oneself as/to be...自称是……
represent sth. to sb. 向某人说明某事，向某人传达某事
(2)representation n.代表，代表团，代理(1)The rose represents love.
玫瑰花是爱情的象征。
(2)It is said that he represented the plan as practical.
据说他声称该计划切实可行。
(3)He an expert.
他自称是专家。represents himself as/to be[单项填空]
(4)Leslie Cheung’s movies have influenced many people and these classic films his different performing styles at different times.
A.entertain B.represent
C.convince D.support√答案解析解析　句意为：张国荣的电影影响了很多人，这些经典电影代表了他不同时期不同的表演风格。entertain招待，款待，使高兴；represent代表；convince使信服；support支持。However，as a whole，the characters have developed from draw-ings into standard forms.
不过，从总体上看，汉字已经从图画形式发展成标准形式了。as a whole作为整体，整体来说，总体上
on the whole (＝generally)大体上，总的来说
the whole of sth. 全部，全体，所有……(1)We must consider these matters as a whole，not one by one.
我们必须从整体上，而不是孤立地一个个地来考虑这些问题。
(2)He spent the whole of the year in hospital.
他住院住了整整一年。[单项填空]
(3)There’s no high point in the logo’s design，but most of us are in favor of it .
A.on the whole B.in conclusion
C.on the contrary D.without hesitation答案解析√解析　句意为：标志的设计没什么亮点，但总的说来，我们大多数人都喜欢它。on the whole总的来说；in conclusion总之；on the contrary相反；without hesitation毫不犹豫地。根据题意选A。(4)The public has no idea whether this is only happening in this country，or whether it’s happening in the world .
A.as a result B.as a whole
C.as a matter of fact D.as a rule答案解析√解析　句意为：公众不知道只是这个国家如此呢，还是整个世界都这样。as a result结果；as a whole作为整体；as a matter of fact事实上；as a rule一般说来。Sometimes to express ideas，some characters were made by combining two or more characters together.
有时为了表意，一些汉字通过将两个或两个以上的汉字合在一起而组成。(1)combine v.组合；(使)联合
combine A with/and B 把A和B相结合
(2)combination n.结合，联合
a combination of...一种……的结合(物)(1)They combined their efforts to finish the work.
他们结合彼此的力量完成了工作。
(2)We should learn to combine work with/and pleasure.
我们应学会将工作与娱乐结合在一起。
(3)The architecture in the town centre is __ successful ______________
old and new.
市中心的建筑风格结合古今，浑然一体。acombination of[单项填空]
(4)If your knowledge can be in some way with my experience，we are sure to succeed.
A.joined B.united
C.connected D.combined答案解析√解析　句意为：如果你的知识和我的经验能以某种方式结合起来的话，我们一定会成功。combine...with...把……和……相结合，符合题意。It is easy to distinguish their meanings by looking at them，for example，the characters for ‘up’ and ‘down’，which are opposites of each other.
很容易通过观察它们(的外形)来区分它们的意义，例如汉字“上”和“下”这对反义词。(1)distinguish vt.区分，辨别；使具有某种特征
distinguish oneself受人注目；(使)出名
(2)distinguished adj.卓越的，著名的，杰出的
be distinguished by/for以……为特征/著名
be distinguished as作为……而著名distinguish...from...
distinguish (between)...and...)把……和……区别开来(1)Many children can’t distinguish cotton from wool.
很多孩子不能把棉花和羊毛区别开来。
(2)He is distinguished as a pianist.
他作为一名钢琴家而出名。
(3)Stephen Hawking in physics.
斯蒂芬·霍金在物理方面享有盛名。distinguished himself[单项填空]
(4)Color--blind people often find it difficult to between red and green.(2017·徐州一中高一阶段检测)
A.separate B.compare
C.distinguish D.tell答案解析√解析　句意为：色盲的人很难区别红色和绿色。distinguish between...and...把……和……区别开来。故选C。(5)It is the superior intelligence and the use of language that distinguish man the other animals.
A.with B.among
C.between D.from答案解析√解析　句意为：是高超的智慧和语言的运用使人类有别于动物。distinguish...from...使……有别于……。Therefore，a method was developed to have one part of a character indicate the meaning and the other suggest the pronunciation.
因此，一种方法发展起来，就是用汉字的一部分表示意义，另一部分表示发音。(1)indicate vt.表明，表示，显示；象征，暗示
indicate sth. to sb. 向某人指出/暗示某物
indicate that...示意；表明；暗示
(2)indication n.征兆，迹象；指示(1)The arrow indicates the way to the park.
那个箭头指示到公园的方向。
(2)He indicated that he wanted to change his job.
他暗示他想换工作。
(3)There is no of his recovery from the illness.
他没有康复的迹象。indication答案解析[单项填空]
(4)With a nod of his head，he to me where I should sit.
A.expected B.indicated
C.signed D.showed√解析　句意为：他点了一下头示意我该坐在哪里。indicate暗示，表明，符合句意。The whole system was not convenient for use.
整个系统使用起来很不方便。(1)convenient adj.方便的，便利的；合适的
It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事方便。
if it is convenient to/for you如果你方便的话
(2)convenience n.[U]方便，便利；[C]便利的事物；便利设施
for convenience为了方便起见
at one’s convenience在某人方便的时候(1)When would it be convenient for you to start work?
你什么时候方便开始工作呢？
(2)For convenience，the two groups have been treated as one in this report.
为方便起见，这两个组在本报告中被视为一组。
(3) ，call me at 2 o’clock.
如果你方便的话，两点钟给我来个电话。If it is convenient to/for you答案[单项填空]
(4)I will go to see you whenever .
(2017·江都中学、省扬中、省溧中高一联考)
A.you are convenient B.you will be convenient
C.it will be convenient for you D.it is convenient for you√解析　句意为：我将在你方便的时候去看你。 whenever引导的从句中应用一般现在时。排除B项和C项；
convenient的主语通常不能是人，应该用it is convenient for sb. 结构。故选D。解析(5)—Shall we go to see The Avengers Ⅲ this weekend?
—I’d love to，but well，I will check my schedule first.This Saturday evening?
— .
A.When you are convenient B.When there is convenience
C.At your convenience D.For you convenience√解析　句意为：——这个周末我们去看《复仇者联盟3》，好吗？——我真的想去，可是我首先要查看一下我的时间表。这个星期六晚上行吗？——在你方便的时候吧。at one’s convenience在某人方便的时候，符合语境。答案解析经典句式Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects.
并不是所有汉字都是由物体的图形演变而来的。not all...＝all...not表示部分否定，也称半否定。
具有总括意义的代词(each，everybody，everything，all，both等)、形容词(complete，whole等)和副词(completely，always，wholly，altogether等)与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都；并非都”的意思。而no，none，never，nobody，neither，nothing，no more，no longer等表示否定意义的词与谓语一起使用构成全部否定。(1)Not all the students went to the movies.
并非所有的学生都去看电影了。
(2)I don’t know any of them./I know none of them.
他们我全都不认识。
(3) can change her mind.
没有什么可以改变她的想法。Nothing[单项填空]
(4)It’s impossible for all the people to get well-paid jobs because
of them are not fit for them.(2018·南京师大附中高一期中)
A.none B.all C.few D.neither答案√解析解析　句意为：所有的人都找到薪水高的工作是不可能的，因为并不是所有的人都适合这些工作。all...not或not all...均为部分否定，意为“并不是所有的都……”。由于句子中后面有not，所以选B。(5)Niki is always full of ideas，but is useful to my knowledge.
A.nothing B.no one
C.neither D.none答案√解析解析　句意为：Niki总是有很多想法，但是据我所知，没有一个想法有用。nothing什么都没有，没有东西；no one没有人；neither两者都不；none没有人/物，故此题选D。While the students found the soldier’s idea interesting，the system was too difficult to be of practical use.
尽管学生们觉得这个士兵的主意很有趣，但这个系统太难了，不实用。(1)一般来说，“of＋抽象名词”相当于形容词，常用作表语或定语，意为“具有，拥有……”。常用于此结构的抽象名词有importance，value，use，help，interest等。
(2)“be of＋限定词＋抽象名词”结构，说明事物的性质、特征，限定词常是a，an，the，the same，my，your等，抽象名词常为length，size，weight，height，age，color，type，shape等。
(3)“be of＋抽象名词”结构的否定形式一般采用否定名词的做法，即“be of no＋抽象名词”。(1)Today’s meeting will be of great importance.
今天的会议将很重要。
(2)We are of the same age.
我们同龄。
(3)As far as the study of English was concerned，what he said _______
______.
就英语学习而言，他所讲的并没有多少用处。was ofno use[单项填空]
(4)Yangzhou toy bear is and is sold all over the world.
A.of high quality B.high quality
C.good quality D.of poor quality答案解析√解析　句意为：扬州玩具熊质量很好，在全世界都有销售。“be of＋adj.＋抽象名词”说明事物的性质、特征。根据句意可知选A。达标检测Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.A red sky at dusk fine weather the following day.
2.Don’t judge a person by his (外表) only.
3.Dogs can a greater range of sounds than humans.
4.He gave sound and (切实可行的) advice to me.
5.Hydrogen and oxygen to form water.indicatesappearancedistinguishpracticalcombine6.Opinions on various social questions person to person.
7.What do you think the five stars on the flag ?
8.You have made a few spelling mistakes in your composition，but it is well written .
9.There will be a large number of people attending the lecture
today’s paper.
10.How time flies！Mary，a little girl ten years ago， a beautiful lady.Ⅱ.选词填空as a whole；stand for；turn into；differ from；according todiffer fromstand foras a wholeaccording tohas turned intoⅢ.完成句子
11.他认为男生和女生在爱情观上不同，对此我持不同意见。
He thinks that boys towards love，and this is I disagree.
12.并非人人都喜欢这本书。
likes this book.
13.这个箱子太重，这个男孩提不起来。
The box is .differ from girls in their attitudeswhereNot everyonetoo heavy for the boy to carry14.和那个大公司联合，这个小公司更有竞争力了。
that big company，the small firm be-comes more competitive.
15.一顿丰盛的早餐对你的健康是重要的。
A good breakfast to your health.Combined withis of importance/is importantⅣ.单项填空
16.Many students who are learning English as a foreign language can’t American English British English.
A.distinguish；to B.distinguish；from
C.tell；and D.tell；apart√答案解析解析　句意为：许多以英语为外语的学生不能区分美式英语和英式英语。distinguish A from B＝tell A from B意为“把A和B区分开”；tell...apart意为“把……分开”，其后不再加宾语。故选B。 17.In Britain today women 44% of the workforce，and nearly half the mothers with children are in paid work.
A.build up B.make up
C.stand for D.take up√答案解析解析　句意为：在英国如今妇女占据44%的劳动力，几乎有一半的带孩子的妈妈在做有偿工作。build up建立；make up占据，构成；stand for代表；take up开始从事，占用。根据句意可知选B。18.My grandparents asked me to go and see them whenever .
A.I’m convenient B.I’ll be convenient
C.convenient D.it’ll be convenient答案√解析解析　句意为：我的爷爷奶奶让我方便的时候去看看他们。convenient 方便的，不用人作主语，常用句型it is convenient for sb. ，在时间状语从句中应用一般现在时态表将来，且省略了状语从句中的it is。故选C。19.Your ideas are very interesting，but we need suggestions to get us out of the mess.
A.impressive B.similar
C.practical D.traditional答案解析√解析　句意为：你的主意很有趣，但我们需要实用的建议来帮助我们摆脱困境。impressive给人深刻印象的，感人的；similar相似的；practical实用的，切实可行的；traditional传统的。根据句意可知选C。20.Brian has been studying really hard all the time； he has got an A in each of his subjects.(2017·泰州中学高一期中)
A.instead B.anyhow
C.thus D.rather√答案解析解析　句意为：Brian一直学习很努力，因此他每个科目都得了A。thus因此，故选C。Ⅴ.微写作
写作素材(关于习俗)
1.国与国之间习俗不同。
2.为了和谐相处，我们应该相互尊重。
3.不要以貌取人。
4.当别人说话的时候不打断他们是有礼貌的。
5.从而我们能够避免很多令人尴尬的情形。
提示：加颜色部分用本单元词汇表达。补全短文
21. country to country.We 22. respect each other in order to live in harmony.Don’t judge a person by his 23. .It’s good manners not to 24. others when they are talking.25. we can avoid many 26. situations.Customs differ fromought toappearanceinterruptThusembarrassing本课结束课件13张PPT。Unit 2　LanguageStep One　 构词助记内容索引Step Three 语境助记Step Two　 词义助记Vocabulary BreakthroughStep One　构词助记A组　后缀
mix v.→ n.混合，混合体
office n.→ adj.官方的，正式的
contribute v.→ n.贡献，促成因素；捐赠
serve v.→ n.仆人
distinct adj.→ n.区别，差别
race n.→ adj.人种的，种族的
conclude v.→ n.结论；推论mixtureofficialcontributionservantdistinctionracialconclusionmistake n.& v.→ adj.错误的；误解的
appear v.→ n.外观，外貌
simple adj.→ vt.简化
practice n.→ adj.切实可行的，实用的
B组　合成
adj.＋n. n.大陆
adj.上层社会的
v.＋n. n.打字机mistakenappearancesimplifypracticalmainlandhigh--classtypewriterC组　转化
n.?v. 涉及；使担忧；对……感兴趣
禁止；取缔
进入；使用
(狗)叫
(被)压，挤，推，施加压力
战斗concernbanaccessbarkpressbattleStep Two　词义助记A组　同义词
beat v.? v.
whole/complete adj.? adj.
action n.? n.
tell v.? vt.
pull v.? v.defeatentiredeeddistinguishdragB组　反义词
usual/ordinary/common adj.? adj.
forwards adv.? adv.
advantage n.? n.
C组　形近词
rise vi.上升，起立? vt.养育；举起
hurt v.使受伤? v.打猎，猎杀；搜寻
bottle n.瓶子? n.&vi.战斗uniquebackwardsshortcomingraisehuntbattleStep Three　语境助记背诵经典
1.Nowadays，the official statistics indicate that women occupy the lowest position in the teaching profession in Chinese Mainland.
2.In the battle，he made a great contribution to defeating the enemy’s main force.Therefore，the British press was full of articles about him.Aside from that，he was awarded a prize.
3.What concerns some high--class people most is whether to ban hunting in this area.4.The group consists of six persons who are picked out to represent their country to give unique performances in foreign countries to raise people’s concern about their country.
5.The main character of her writing is a poor girl with poor eyesight who achieves great success in the process of seeking after her dream.本课结束课件12张PPT。Unit 2　Language走进高考 · 文化品格渗透Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years，but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by hunter--gatherers，small，tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago，when the world had just five to ten million people，they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards，many of those people started settling down to become farmers，and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recent centuries，trade，industrialisation，the development of the nation--state and the spread of universal compulsory education，especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades，all have caused many languages to disappear，and dominant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present，the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages，often spoken by many people，while hot，wet zones have lots，often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages；the Americas about 1,000；Africa 2,400；and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200，of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000，which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡)，with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick，at random，Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers)，Chiapaneco in Mexico (150)，Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one，with a question--mark)：none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?
A.They developed very fast.
B.They were large in number.
C.They had similar patterns.
D.They were closely connected.√答案解析28293031解析　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago，when the world had just five to ten million people，they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.”可知，一些语言专家认为，一万年前，当世界上只有500万到1 000万人时，他们之间可能说12 000种语言。由此可推断，采猎文明时期的语言种类很多。28293031解析　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“...all have caused many languages to disappear，and dominant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.”可知，人类社会发展的很多因素导致许多语言消失，而逐渐被如英语、西班牙语、汉语等语言取代，这就暗示出这些语言是“占优势的”，故选C项(powerful强大的，有影响力的)。29.Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in Paragraph 2?
A.Complex. B.Advanced.
C.Powerful. D.Modern.√答案解析28293031解析　数字计算题。根据第三段第一句“At present，the world has about 6,800 languages.”可知，目前世界上大约有6 800种语言；再根据该段最后一句“The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000，which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.”可知，目前世界上一半的语言的使用人数少于6 000，也就是说有大约3 400种语言的使用人数少于6 000。30.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?
A.About 6,800. B.About 3,400.
C.About 2,400. D.About 1,200.√答案解析28293031解析　主旨大意题。文章介绍了语言的种类随着人类社会的发展而逐渐减少这一现象。故选C项。31.What is the main idea of the text?
A.New languages will be created.
B.People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C.Human development results in fewer languages.
D.Geography determines language evolution.√答案解析28293031本课结束课件79张PPT。Unit 3　Back to the past话题导入建于1831年的伦敦桥在1962年被拆掉，然而1971年这座桥出现在了美国加州。In 1962，London Bridge was falling down.Built in 1831，the bridge couldn’t handle the ever-increasing flow of traffic across the Thames River.The British government decided to put the bridge up for sale，and Robert McCulloch，founder of Lake Havasu City，Arizona，submitted the winning bid of 2,460,000.The bridge was taken down，and each stone was numbered.Everyth-ing was shipped 10,000 miles to Long Beach，California，and then trucked to Lake Havasu City.Reconstruction began on September 23,1968, with a ceremony including the Lord Mayor of London，who laid the cornerstone.On October 10,1971，the bridge was rebuilt.
To reach the bridge from I--40，we recommend going south on Arizona Highway 95，then turn left (east) on Mesquite Avenue.Turn right on Lake Havasu Avenue N.and then right again on McCulloch Boulevard N.to drive over the bridge.Just after turning onto McCulloch Boulevard N.，you’ll cross over Arizona Highway 95.Before you reach the actual London Bridge，it’s best to turn left into the small parking lot near the London Bridge Resort.It’s an easy walk along the lower edge of the bridge to the promenade(散步) for photos.
Once you walk west under the bridge，you’ll see a walkway which leads up to the London Bridge visitors’ center where there are some historical photos and other information about the bridge and other attractions and places of interest within about a 100--mile radius(半径) of Lake Havasu City.Lake Havasu City，which got its start as an Army Air Corps rest camp during World War Ⅱ，now has over 1,000 businesses，two newspapers and a college.Remember that the next time a man comes up to you and offers to sell you a used bridge! 根据上面短文回答下列问题
1.Why was London Bridge falling down?

2.Why was each stone numbered when the bridge was taken down?

3.What is the best place to park your car?
Because the bridge could hardly support so many cars and trucks.Because they wanted to put each stone in its original place when rebuilding it.The small parking lot.基础自测内容索引要点探究达标检测课文预读Period One　Welcome to the unit & Reading基础自测Ⅰ.重点单词
1. vt.兴建，创建
(过去式)
(过去分词)
2. vi.(火山等)爆发
n.爆发
3. vi.涌流，倾泻
vt.倒出(液体)
4. adj.不幸的，遗憾的foundfoundedfoundederupteruptionpourunfortunate5. vt.装饰，装潢
6. vt.& vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开
(过去式)
(过去分词)
7. vt.毁坏，摧毁
8. adj.商业的，贸易的
9. adj.富有的，富裕的
n.财产，财富
10. adv.渐渐地，逐渐地decoratefleefledfleddestroycommercialwealthywealthgradually11. adj.文化的
n.文化
12. n.废墟；毁坏
vt.破坏，毁灭
13. n.遗物，遗迹，遗骸
v.保持不变，仍然是；剩余，遗留
14. n.材料；物质
adj.物质的
15. vi.爆炸
n.爆炸culturalcultureruinremainsremainmaterialexplodeexplosionⅡ.重点短语
1.be known 作为……而出名
2.take 夺取；接管
3.pour 倒出；涌出；吐出，尽情诉说
4. damage造成破坏
5.decorate... ...用……装饰……
6.turn 结果是，证明是
7. to do sth. 未能做某事asoveroutcause/dowithoutfail8.break 损坏；崩溃；瓦解；出故障
9.together 与……一起；和……一同，连同……
10.cut 砍伐；削减；砍倒downwithdownⅢ.重点句式
1.介、副词短语位于句首引起的倒装
a volcano.
离该城不远处有一座火山。
2.Sb. /Sth. be believed to do...
over by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 400.
人们相信，它是在公元200年至公元400年间被沙尘暴逐渐吞没的。Near the city wasIt is believed to have been gradually covered课文预读Ⅰ.课文阅读理解
1.From the lecture Ann knew a lot about Pompeii EXCEPT .
A.when Pompeii was founded
B.when Pompeii was taken over by the Romans
C.when Pompeii was buried
D.when Pompeii was discovered√答案123452.Who discovered Pompeii?
A.A farmer.　　　　　　　 B.An archaeologist.
C.A visitor. D.Sven Hedin.√答案123453.Which of the following statements is NOT true about Loulan?
A.It was on the famous Silk Road.
B.It was a wealthy commercial city.
C.It disappeared suddenly.
D.It was discovered by Sven Hedin.√答案123454.From the passage we know that .
A.both Pompeii and Loulan existed at the same time in history
B.both Pompeii and Loulan were destroyed for the same reason
C.both Pompeii and Loulan were once a rich city
D.both Pompeii and Loulan were discovered by a foreigner√答案123455.The purpose of writing this passage is .
A.to show how happy the writer was to have such a chance to visit the
sites
B.to arouse people’s sense of protecting civilizations
C.to compare the civilizations of Pompeii and Loulan
D.to tell us how Pompeii and Loulan were destroyed√答案12345Ⅱ.课文阅读填空A.luckylectureancientdiscoveryB.8thovereruptedcommercialsandstormsdiscovered核心素养提升Is it worth rebuilding lost cultural relics such as the Amber Room or Yuan Ming Yuan in Beijing? Give your reasons.
要点探究The city was founded in the 8th century BC.
这座城市建立于公元前8世纪。重点词汇(1)found vt.兴建，创建，创办
be founded on/upon建立在……之上；以……为依据
(2)foundation n.基础；地基；基金会(1)The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.
中华人民共和国成立于1949年。
(2)This story facts.
这个故事是有事实依据的。
(3)She plans to start a for homeless children.
她计划为无家可归的孩子们建立一个基金会。(2016·江苏)is founded on/uponfoundation[单项填空]
(4)Sun Yat--sen the first Republic in China in 1911 after he fought for the Chinese people for many years.
A.found B.founded
C.had founded D.founding解析√答案解析　句意为：孙中山在为中国人民斗争了多年之后在1911年建立了中国第一个共和国。根据句子中的时间状语in 1911，可知本句是在描述过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时。(5) in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art.
A.To found B.Founding
C.Founded D.Having founded解析√答案解析　句意为：这所学校创建于20世纪早期，它一直激励着孩子们对艺术的热爱。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，又因the school与found之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词短语作状语。故选C。In 89 BC，the Romans took over Pompeii.
公元前89年，罗马人占领了庞贝城。take over夺取；接管
take on从事(某项工作)；雇用；呈现(面貌)
take up占据；从事(某项活动)，发展(某种爱好)
take off起飞；脱掉(衣服等)；开始获得成功；(事业等)腾飞
take in吸收；欺骗；理解
take out拿出，掏出；把……带出去
take down记录下来；拆除
take to养成……的习惯；喜欢上；适应(1)My time is fully taken up with writing.
我把时间全都用在了写作上。
(2)It was several minutes before I could take in what he was saying.
过了好几分钟，我才理解他在说什么。
(3)Many businesses started up by college students thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.
由于良好的创业环境，许多大学生的创业项目已经成功。(2016·江苏)have taken off[单项填空]
(4)—When did you staying up so late?
—When I entered this school two years ago，where students have too much homework to do.
A.take in B.take on C.take over D.take to√答案解析解析　句意为：——什么时候你养成了熬夜的习惯？——当我两年前进入这所学校时，这里的学生们有太多的作业要做。take in吸收，欺骗，理解；take on从事(某项工作)，雇用，呈现(面貌)；take over夺取，接管；take to 养成……的习惯，喜欢上，适应。根据题意选D。I saw several houses which were decorated with wall paintings.
我看见了好几所装饰有壁画的房子。(1)decorate vt.装饰，装潢
decorate...with...用……装饰……
(2)decoration n.[U]装饰；[C]装饰品(1)They decorated the room with flowers and balloons.
他们用花和气球装饰了房间。
(2)We put Christmas decorations on the tree.
我们把圣诞饰物挂在了树上。[单项填空]
(3)The wedding is near，so Linda is occupied with the work of her new house now.
A.repairing B.mending
C.decorating D.selling解析√答案解析　句意为：婚期将近，因此琳达现在正忙于布置新房。repair/mend修理，修补；decorate装饰，布置；sell卖。结合句意可知C项正确。It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city，their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared，leaving empty spaces in the ash.
原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。turn out结果是，证明是；生产
turn on打开
turn off关掉
turn over移交；(使)翻转
turn down关小，调低(热度、音量等)；拒绝
turn up调大，开大(热度、音量等)；到来；露面；被发现，被找到
turn in上交；上缴
turn into (使)变成，转变为(1)If the day turns out wet，we may have to change our plans.
万一那天下雨的话，我们也许得改变计划。
(2)Turn on the light.It’s too dark to see.
把灯打开。太暗了，看不见。
(3)They offered her the job but she .
他们要给她那份工作，但她拒绝了。turned it down[单项填空]
(4)In some way，uncontrolled information from the Internet that many people get access to false.(2018·南京师大附中高一期中)
A.turns out B.turns in C.turns up D.turns down解析答案√解析　句意为：在某种程度上，很多人从因特网上获得的不受控制的信息证明是错误的。turn out结果是，证明是，生产； turn in上交，上缴； turn up到来，露面，被发现，被找到； turn down关小，调低，拒绝。根据句意，故选A项。flee vt.& vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开
flee (from)...从……逃跑
flee to/into...逃往……，逃到……
flee for one’s life逃命
flee to safety逃到安全的地方(5)The enemy had fled (from) the village when our men arrived.
我们的人到达时，敌人已逃离村子了。
(6)The child fled to his mother for safety.
小孩逃向他的妈妈以寻求安全。
(7)When the volcano erupted，the villagers .
当火山爆发时，村民们都逃命去了。fled for their lives[单项填空]
(8)All the teachers and students managed to the shaking teaching building when the earthquake happened.
A.flee B.pour
C.slide D.slip解析答案√解析　句意为：地震发生时所有老师和学生都设法逃出了晃动的教学楼。flee逃离，符合语境，故选A。pour倾倒；slide滑行；slip滑跤。解析　句意为：他试图在警察到达之前逃离山洞，但他失败了。flee (from) sp.逃离某地；manage to do sth. 设法做成了某事；try to do sth. 努力做某事，未必成功。根据后面but he failed可知没有成功，故选D。(9)He the cave before the police arrived，but he failed.
A.managed to flee away from
B.tried fleeing out of
C.managed fleeing
D.tried to flee解析√答案break down分解；发生故障；身体垮掉；汽车抛锚；失败，瓦解；(情绪失控而)痛哭，大哭
break up破裂，解散；破碎
break in闯进；打断
break into闯入；侵占
break out(战争、火灾、疫病等)爆发
break through突破；冲破；有重要发现(10)Her health broke down under the pressure of work.
她的身体在工作压力下垮掉了。
(11)The washing machine seems to have broken down again.
洗衣机好像又发生故障了。
(12)It’s very impolite of you to while we’re talking.
你打断我们的谈话是很不礼貌的。break in解析　句意为：众所周知，土壤里的细菌能够帮助分解我们的废弃物。break down分解，发生故障，身体垮掉，汽车抛锚，失败，瓦解；take down记下，拆除；put down放下，镇压；write down写下，记下。根据题意可知选A。[单项填空]
(13)What is known to us all is that the bacteria that live in the soil help to our wastes.
A.break down B.take down
C.put down D.write down解析答案√A scholar from the local cultural institute，Professor Zhang，told us that around the year 1900 the European explorer Sven Hedin discovered the ruins of the Loulan Kingdom.
当地文化研究所的学者张教授告诉我们，大约在1900年，欧洲探险家斯文·海定发现了楼兰王国的遗址。ruin n.废墟，遗迹(常用作复数形式)；毁坏；vt.毁灭，使破产
in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
bring...to ruin使……毁灭；使……没落
fall/come into ruin衰落，败落
ruin one’s hope(s)/health/fame使某人的希望破灭；毁坏某人的健康/名誉(1)After the earthquake，we can see the ruins of the village.
地震后我们可以看到这个村子成了一片废墟。
(2)The heavy rain ruined our holiday.
大雨把我们的假期彻底搞砸了。
(3)Years of fighting has left the area .
几年的战事已经使得这个地区满目疮痍。in ruins[易混辨析]　ruin，damage，destroy
三个词都有“毁灭，破坏”之意，但它们的含义不同。
※ruin指彻底毁掉，但不含有以某种摧毁性的力量进行破坏，而含有在一定的过程中逐渐毁掉的意思；强调使某物失去优良的特性或特征。
※damage指程度较小的“破坏，损坏”，强调价值、用途降低或外表损坏等。一般指被破坏的物品可以重新修复。
※destroy常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的“破坏，毁坏”，程度较深，强调“毁坏”的力度和彻底性；也可用于损坏抽象的东西，比如名誉、计划、努力、契约等。[单项填空]
(4)“If you go on stealing，you will your bright future，young man！” said the judge.(2016·射阳二中高一月考)
A.destroy B.damage
C.ruin D.break解析答案√解析　句意为：法官说：“如果你继续偷窃，你会毁了你光明的前途，年轻人！”destroy严重损坏；damage部分性损坏；ruin损坏某种好的或有用的东西；break弄坏。此处指使人的前途破灭，故用ruin。故选C。Sven found the remains of buildings buried beneath the sand，together with a lot of treasures，including coins，painted pots，material such as silk，documents and wall paintings.
斯文发现了那深埋于沙下的古建筑遗迹以及许多宝藏，包括钱币、带有图画的壶，像丝绸这样的布料、文献以及壁画。(1)remains n.[pl.]古代遗物，古迹，遗址；剩余物，残留物；剩饭菜
(2)remain vi.留下，剩下，残留(不用进行时，无被动)；保持，仍然，继续
remain＋形容词/名词/分词/介词短语　保持/仍然……
remain to be done有待于被做
It remains to be seen whether...……尚待分晓；……还不确定。
(3)remaining adj.剩下的，余下的(1)He remained silent.
他保持沉默。
(2)The remaining students will serve the audience.
剩下的学生将为观众们服务。
(3) you are right.
你是否正确，尚待分晓。It remains to be seen whether[单项填空]
(4)With several problems to be solved，we still need to hold another meeting as soon as possible.(2017·射阳二中高一学情调研)
A.remained B.remaining
C.remain D.to remain解析答案√解析　句意为：还有几个剩下的问题要解决，我们仍需尽快地召开一次会议。with的复合结构中，several problems和remain之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。(5)Passengers to New York remain at the airport due to the increasingly heavy fog.(2018·泰州姜堰高一期中)
A.to be stuck B.sticking
C.stuck D.being stuck解析答案√解析　remain是连系动词，stuck是过去分词在句中作表语，表示一种状态，意思是“滞留在……，困在……”。Near the city was a volcano.
离该城不远处有一座火山。经典句式此句为完全倒装句。当句首为表示地点的副词或介词短语，主语是名词而不是代词，且谓语动词是be，stand，sit，lie，live，come等动词时，为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接更紧密，常使用完全倒装结构。(1)On the door hung a big sign.
门上挂着一个大招牌。
(2)Here is the book you want.
你要的书在这儿。
(3) a professor.
在英格兰一所大学的讲堂里坐着一位教授。In a lecture hall of a university in England sits[单项填空]
(4)On the small island，which is at the entrance to New York Harbor，
.(2018·南通天星湖中学高一检测)
A.the Statue of Liberty stands
B.stands the Statue of Liberty
C.does the Statue of Liberty stand
D.does stand the Statue of Liberty√解析　句意为：在纽约港的入口处的那个小岛上，矗立着自由女神像。此处为表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语为名词，谓语动词为stand，常用完全倒装结构。故正确答案为B。解析答案It is believed to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 400.
人们相信，它是在公元200年至公元400年间被沙尘暴逐渐吞没的。(1)句中it指代Loulan。Sb. /Sth. is believed to do...是个固定句型，根据动词不定式与believe动作之间的时间关系来确定使用不定式的一般式(to do)、进行式(to be doing)还是完成式(to have done)。这种结构常可转换为It is believed that...，it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，且that不能省略，意为“人们相信……”。(2)类似的结构还有：
It is said that...据说……
It is announced that...据宣布……
It is supposed that...人们认为……
It is well-known that...众所周知……
It is reported that...据报道……
It is hoped that...人们希望……
It is thought that...人们认为……(1)Tom is believed to have left the country.
＝It is believed that Tom has left the country.
人们相信汤姆已经离开了这个国家。
(2)She to become a teacher in the future.
＝ she wants to be a teacher in the future.
据说她将来想当老师。is said to wantIt is said that解析　句意为：据说汤姆的妈妈回来的时候，他已经完成了家庭作业。Sb. be said to have done sth. 据说某人已经做了某事。完成作业是在他妈妈回来之前，所以用动词不定式的完成式。故选C项。[单项填空]
(3)Tom is said his homework when his mother came back.
(2018·宿迁高一期中)
A.finished B.to finish
C.to have finished D.having finished 解析答案√[句式分析]　when引导 从句，主句的主干是I saw streets，而as they had been用作 状语，介词短语with stepping stones along the road是streets的 ，连词so后接 从句。
[自主翻译]　_______________________________________________
___________________________________________时间状语方式定语结果状语难句分析When I walked around the city，I saw streets just as they had been，with stepping stones along the road so you did not have to step in the mud on rainy days!当我在城中漫步时，我看到保持原样的街道，沿路都有垫脚石，这样下雨天你就不用在泥泞中行走了！[句式分析]　本句是并列句，resulted in后面的宾语the city being buried by sand是 ，city与bury之间存在 关系，故用being buried。在动名词的复合结构中，其逻辑主语一般由物主代词、名词所有格、人称代词的宾格和名词的普通格来充当。
[自主翻译]　_______________________________________________
________________________________________The desert was once a green land with huge trees，but they were cut down and that resulted in the city being buried by sand—what a pity!动名词的复合结构被动这片沙漠曾经是大树成荫的绿洲，但这些树被砍倒了，导致了这座城市被沙尘掩埋——多么遗憾啊！达标检测Ⅰ.单词拼写
1. (渐渐地)，those teachers became aware that they were in danger of losing their jobs.
2.A bomb at a busy railway station this morning，causing the deaths of 74 people.
3.The 1987 hurricane(飓风) was the worst natural to hit England for decades.
4.Harvard University was in 1636 and named after John Harvard.
5.I wonder if there is a bank (在附近).Graduallyexplodeddisasterfoundednearby6. (商业的) television is an effective medium for advertising.
7.Every room in that house was well (装饰).
8.A sponsor came to our rescue with a generous donation.CommercialdecoratedwealthyⅡ.选词填空take over；break down；result in；turn out；be known as9.His hard work excellent grades in his exams.
10.If George keeps on working so hard，he’ll sooner or later.
11.When she fell ill，her daughter the business from her.
12.She a famous singer at that time.
13.The Spring Festival didn’t as exciting，which was beyond our expectation.resulted inbreak downtook overwas known asturn outⅢ.完成句子
14.雪下了一个星期，造成了整个地区严重的交通混乱。
The snow lasted for a week， in the whole area.
15.墙上悬挂的是他三十多岁时的画作。
On the wall done by him when he was in his thirties.
16.我去拜访他，结果却发现他出去了。
I went to visit him .resulting in a serious traffic confusionhang the paintingsonly to find him out17.据说它是著名的丝绸之路上的一个歇脚点。
It is on the famous Silk Road.
18.这个公园真漂亮！
the park is!
＝ it is!said to be a stopping point/said that it was a stopping pointHow beautifulWhat a beautiful parkⅣ.单项填空
19.—Did you the time of the high--speed trains to Shanghai.
—Yes，the early train is to leave at 5∶30 a.m.(2018·泰州高一期中)
A.turn up B.look up
C.break up D.get up解析答案√解析　句意为：——你查了去上海的高速列车的时间吗？——是的，早班车是早上5∶30 出发。look up 查阅，符合题意。故选B项。20.In front of the famous big trees a family， the parents treat their child like a friend.(2018·无锡江阴四校高一期中)
A.lives；where B.were；which
C.settle；while D.staying；who解析答案√解析　第一空是介词短语In front of the famous big trees放在句首，后面用全部倒装，live 的单复数与a family 保持一致，用lives；第二空是定语从句的连接词，a family 在后面从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。 故选A项。21.After the dinner party，most guests left，with only two of them in the host family， them clear up.
(2017·江都中学、省扬中、省溧中高一联考)
A.remaining；helped B.remaining；helping
C.remained；helped D.remained；helping解析答案√解析　句意为：宴会结束后，大多数客人离开了，只有两个人留在主人家，帮助他们收拾干净。with的复合结构，two of them与remain、help之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作宾语补足语。故选B。22.Shoppers fled the street in panic after two bombs in central London.
A.employed B.explored
C.exploited D.exploded解析答案√解析　句意为：两枚炸弹在伦敦市中心爆炸之后，购物者们惊慌失措地逃离了那条街。employ雇用；explore勘探，探测；exploit开发，开拓；explode爆炸。结合句意可知选D。23.My father returned to his car， one of the windows was broken by someone and his briefcase was gone.
A.only to find B.find
C.having been found D.found解析答案√解析　句意为：当我爸爸回到车上时，却发现一扇车窗被人砸破，并且他的公文包也不见了。only to do sth. 在此表示出乎意料的结果。本课结束课件91张PPT。Unit 3　Back to the past基础自测内容索引要点探究达标检测Period Two　Word power & Grammar and usage语法专题基础自测Ⅰ.重点单词
1. adj.极度的；极端的
adv.极其，非常
2. n.骨骼，骨头
3. adj.木制的
n.木材；木头
4. n.皮革extremeextremelybonewoodenwoodleatherⅡ.重点短语
1.put 公布，发布；扑灭
2.take... an example以……为例
3.pay attention 注意
4.take part 参加；参与
5. good condition状态良好
6.be great value很有价值
7.come 达到，进入(某种状态)outastoininoftoⅢ.重点句式
1.as引导原因状语从句
This means that the things have to be carefully examined and studied，
.
这就意味着这些东西不得不被仔细地分析和研究，因为它们通常是很古老的。as they are often very old2.have the chance to do sth. 有机会做某事
During these years I many different places in China and throughout the world.
在这些年期间，我有机会探索了中国和世界各地的许多不同地方。
3.either...or...或者……或者……
People their houses.
人们或者尽力逃跑或者待在家里。have had the chance to exploreeither tried to flee or stayed in要点探究On the World Heritage List put out by UNESCO，altogether there are about 900 World Heritage sites，which are considered to have extraordinary value to human civilizations.
在联合国教科文组织公布的世界遗产名录中，一共有大约900处世界遗产遗址，这些遗址被认为对人类文明有着非凡的价值。重点词汇put out公布，发布；出版；熄灭，扑灭
put down放下，记下；镇压
put off推迟
put on穿上，戴上；演出；增加(体重等)
put aside把……放一边；储存……备用
put away把……收起；放好；抛弃，放弃(想法等)
put up举起；建立；张贴；短期住宿
put together组合，放在一起(1)The government will put out a new statement tomorrow.
政府将于明天发布一项新声明。
(2)This magazine is put out every Friday.
这份杂志每周五出版。
(3)They quickly the fire.
他们迅速将火扑灭了。put out[单项填空]
(4)We’re trying to a few hundred dollars every month for our vacation.
A.put off B.put down
C.put out D.put aside解析答案√解析　句意为：我们正在尽量每月存几百美金以供度假之用。put aside储存(钱)备用，符合句意。put off推迟；put down写下，镇压；put out扑灭。故答案为D。(5)Too much meat and sugar may cause you to weight very easily.
A.put up B.put off
C.put on D.put down解析答案√解析　句意为：太多的肉和糖会使你的体重很容易增加。put on weight体重增加。故选C。Take the ancient Roman city Pompeii as an example.
以古罗马庞贝城为例。take...as an example以……为例；以……为榜样
for example例如
set an example to sb. 为某人树立榜样
follow/copy one’s example效仿某人，以某人为榜样(1)If you take her as an example，one day you will become a great scholar.
如果你以她为榜样，总有一天你会成为博学之士。
(2)I must this young friend.
我一定要给这个小朋友做个榜样。
(3)He’s decided to and study law.
他决定效仿其父亲学习法律。set an example tofollow/copy his father’s example[单项填空]
(4)I will show you how to hit the ball and then you must my example.
A.copy B.listen
C.set D.make解析答案√解析　表达“照某人的样子去做，效仿某人”，应用copy/follow one’s example。His devotion to the study of Loulan has made him a famous expert in this field.
他专心研究楼兰，这使他成为该领域的知名专家。(1)devotion n.挚爱；忠诚；热心；献身
(2)devote vt.致力于；献身
devote sth. to (doing) sth. 把某物(时间、钱、精力等)献给某事物/用于(做)某事
devote oneself to (doing) sth. 献身于或致力于(做)某事
(3)devoted adj.忠诚的；挚爱的
be devoted to (doing) sth. 致力于或献身于(做)某事(1)His devotion to his wife and family is touching.
他对妻子和家人的关爱感人至深。
(2)He devoted his energies to writing films.
他致力于电影剧本的创作。[单项填空]
(3)After she retired，she most of her time to housework and bringing up her grandchildren.
A.spent B.took
C.provided D.devoted解析答案√解析　根据题干中的介词to可知应选D。devote...to...把……献给……；spend常与介词on或in连用。What has the world come to when the past matters more than the present？
当过去的事情比现在的事情还重要时，这个世界会变成什么样呢？come to达到(某一状况)
come to sth. 谈及……，涉及……；合计……，共计……；达到(某状况)，结果是……
come to sb. (主意)被某人想出，在某人的脑海中浮现
come to oneself苏醒，恢复知觉
when it comes to (doing) sth. 当涉及(做)某事时(1)What will the world come to when all the animals die out some day？
当将来某一天所有动物都灭绝的时候，世界将会是什么样子？
(2)The bill came to 30.
账单共计30美元。
(3)The idea when he took a bath.
他洗澡时想出了这个主意。came to him[单项填空]
(4)When it advertisements，we must use our intelligence and not be a slave to them！(2017·如东高级中学高一期中)
A.sticks to B.comes to
C.goes to D.occurs to解析答案√解析　句意为：当说到广告的时候，我们所有人都必须使用我们的智慧而不要成为它们的奴隶。固定句型：when it comes to sth. “当说到某事的时候”，故选B。经典句式This means that the things have to be carefully examined and studied，as they are often very old.
这就意味着这些东西不得不被仔细地分析和研究，因为它们通常是很古老的。句中as引导原因状语从句，表示已知的、比较明显的原因，意为“由于，因为”，用作连词。常位于句首或句中，不能回答含why的疑问句，也不能在强调句中作为被强调的成分。
(1)as作连词，除引导原因状语从句外，还可引导以下几种状语从句。
①方式状语从句，意为“像，按照……的方式”；
②时间状语从句，意为“随着……；一边……一边……；当……时”；
③让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”，必须使用倒装，即把从句中的表语、状语或谓语动词的一部分提至as前。(2)as作介词，意为“作为；如同”。
(3)as作关系代词，引导定语从句。
(4)as作副词，接连接词as，意为“同样地”，否定句中也可用so代替as。(1)As the weather was fine，we decided to go for a walk.
因为天气好，我们决定去散步。
(2)Every one of the students also put a finger in their mouths just as the teacher did.
就像老师那样，每个学生也把一根手指放在他们的嘴里。
(3)As she grew older，she gained confidence.
随着年龄的增长，她的自信心增强了。
(4) ，there was something missing.
尽管他们很快乐，但总缺少点什么。Happy as they were[单项填空]
(5)—What do you think of the film The girl with the Dragon Tattoo?
—I think it is so wonderful a hit most film fans are crazy about.
(2018·无锡江阴四校高一期中)
A.that B.as C.which D.so解析答案√解析　分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词a hit前有so修饰，关系词在从句中作about的宾语，故用关系代词as。People either tried to flee or stayed in their houses.
人们或者尽力逃跑或者待在家里。(1)either...or...意为“或者……或者……；不是……就是……”，表示两者之一，连接句子中两个并列的成分。本句中either...or...连接tried和stayed两个并列的谓语。
(2)either...or...连接两个主语时，其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就是我们通常说的“就近原则”。
(3)若要对either...or...句型进行否定，只需把either...or...换成neither...nor...即可，neither...nor...连接两个主语时，其谓语动词也遵循“就近原则”。(1)When the girl is happy，she either sings or dances.
那个女孩高兴时，不是唱就是跳。
(2)Either you or I going there tomorrow.
明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。
(3) is good at drawing.
你和她都不擅长绘画。amNeither you nor she[单项填空]
(4)—When shall I call，in the morning or afternoon?
— .I’ll be in all day.
A.Any B.None C.Neither D.Either解析答案√解析　句意为：——我什么时候打电话过来，早晨还是下午？——都可以，我一直都在。根据句意可知，是在早晨和下午这两种情况中做出选择。A、B两项通常都表示三者或三者以上的情况；neither表示两者都不；either表两者中选择其一。故D项符合题意。达标检测Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.He lives in a state of (极度的) poverty.
2.Many people (抱怨) that their jobs are uninteresting and stressful.
3.He almost choked to death on a fish yesterday.
4.After many experiments，he finally succeeded in finding the to the difficult problem.
5.There is a bridge over the river.extremecomplainbonesolutionwooden6.The fire was finally after the building had been on fire for two hours.
7.Generally speaking，those who physical exercise are in good health.
8.How many countries the last Olympic Games?
9.I never expected those few items to so much.
10.I don’t care about the price，as long as the car is .Ⅱ.选词填空in good condition；put out；take part in；come to；pay attention toput outpay attention totook part income toin good conditionⅢ.完成句子
11.我很荣幸有机会和你讲话。
It is my honor .
12.由于太匆忙，他把这个包落在了家里。
，he left this bag home.
13.你可以乘坐地铁也可以乘坐巴士去那儿。
You can go there .to have the chance to speak to youAs he was in a hurryeither take the subway or take a bus14.在那段糟糕的时期，我们没有食物吃，也无处藏身。
At that terrible period of time，we had and ________
.
15.她致力于自己的事业，一生也没有结婚。
She her career and never married all her life.no food to eatnowhereto hidedevoted herself to/was devoted toⅣ.单项填空
16. ，the football game has been decided not to be put off.
A.Heavily as did it rain B.As it rained heavily
C.Heavily as it rained D.As heavily as it rained√解析答案解析　此处为as引导的倒装句，其形式为n./adj./adv./v.＋as＋主语＋其他。只有C项符合句式要求。 解析答案17.Either you or one of your students to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
A.are B.is C.have D.be√解析　either...or...连接两个主语，按就近原则来确定谓语的单复数。故本题谓语动词的单复数形式要与one of your students保持一致，应用单数形式。解析答案18.I think Tom，as the head of a big department，should either study regularly or his job.
A.quits B.to quit
C.quitting D.quit√解析　either...or...连接两个并列成分，前后形式上要保持一致，空处与study相呼应，用动词原形，故答案选D。解析答案19. it comes to traffic rules，I often come across such cases the local drivers obviously know them but won’t follow them.
A.If；why B.When；which
C.Once；as D.When；where√解析　句意为：说到交通规则，我经常遇到这种情况：当地司机显然知道这些规则，但是不愿意遵守。when it comes to sth. 当提及……的时候；cases为先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，故第二空用关系副词where。解析答案20.There is no simple answer， is often the case in science.
(2018·沭阳高级中学高一期中)
A.where B.that
C.when D.as√解析　as 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整句话的内容。故选D项。语法专题用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.My English is poor.I’m afraid that I can’t make myself __________
(understand).
2.The boy returned，with his nose (bleed).
3.Neither money nor food (have) been sent to the old man since two years ago.
4.Nobody but Tom and Jane (be) there last weekend.◆语法感知宾语补足语与主谓一致understoodbleedinghaswas5.Many a person (have) read the novel.
6.Whether we go to the party or not (depend) on the weather.
7.Don’t let your son (play) computer games like this any more.
8.What the world really needs (be) more love and less paper work.
9.The secretary and headmaster (be) speaking at the meeting now.
10.I think you can’t force your son (go) to see her.hasdependsplayisisto go◆语法精析一、宾语补足语
宾语补足语的语法功能是对宾语进行进一步的补充或说明，通常用于以下结构：动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、分词(短语)、不定式(短语)、介词短语等均可在句子中充当宾语补足语。1.名词作宾补
作宾补的名词主要用于说明宾语的身份、职位、用途等。常接名词作宾补的动词有name，call，choose，elect等。
He hasn’t had anything invented but he calls himself an inventor.
他什么都没发明过，却自称发明家。
They named their child Tom.
他们给孩子取名汤姆。2.形容词和副词作宾补
(1)形容词作宾补时主要用于表示宾语所处的状态或某一动作的结果，常接形容词作宾补的动词多为表示“认为，看待”等的动词如believe，prove，consider等。
The facts proved his imagination groundless.
事实证明他的想象是毫无根据的。
He beat the bad guy black and blue.
他把这个坏蛋打得青一块紫一块。(2)某些副词可用于及物动词或介词with和without后作宾补，作宾补的副词多用于表示动作或动作的方向等。
I went to her room only to find her out.
我去了她的房间，却发现她不在。
The woman walked along the river up and down with her head down.
那位女士低着头，沿着河岸踱来踱去。3.分词(短语)作宾补
(1)现在分词(短语)作宾补通常用于感官动词、使役动词或介词with，without等之后；作宾补的现在分词(短语)一般表示主动与进行，即宾语是分词(短语)所表示的动作的执行者，且该动作正在进行。
I am so sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
不好意思让您久等了。
I found those students studying very hard.
我发现那些学生学习非常努力。(2)过去分词(短语)作宾补也常用于感官动词、使役动词或介词with，without等之后；作宾补的过去分词(短语)通常表示被动或完成，即宾语是过去分词(短语)所表示的动作的承受者，或该动作已完成。
The teacher wishes such questions discussed after class.
老师希望在课后讨论这样的问题。
She saw the thief caught by the police.
她看见那个小偷被警察抓住了。
With all the work finished，he accepted the invitation to play football.由于所有作业都完成了，他接受了去踢足球的邀请。注意：作宾补的过去分词多来自及物动词，但也有少数来自不及物动词，不及物动词的过去分词作宾补时，仅表示动作已完成，不表示被动。
They found all the guests gone when they woke up.
醒来时，他们发现所有的客人都走了。4.动词不定式(短语)作宾补
动词不定式(短语)作宾补通常表示具体的动作。
(1)动词不定式(短语)作宾补用于表示“愿望，喜好，要求，命令，请求”等的动词(hope，demand除外)及介词with之后，此时动词不定式(短语)所表示的动作通常发生于谓语动词所表示的动作之后。
She asked me to answer the phone in her absence.
她要我在她不在时接电话。
I prefer him not to come.
我宁愿他不来。(2)动词不定式(短语)作宾补用于let，make，have等使役动词(get除外)之后，此时动词不定式(短语)所表示的动作通常发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，且不定式符号to须去掉。
The teacher made his students finish homework at school.
那位老师让他的学生在学校完成家庭作业。
(3)动词不定式(短语)作宾补用于see，hear，watch，notice，feel等感官动词后，此时不定式(短语)所表示的动作通常已经完成，且不定式符号to须去掉。
I heard someone knock at the door three times.
我听见有人敲了三次门。(4)动词不定式(短语)作宾补用于动词help后时，不定式符号to可省去。
I’ll help you (to) clean the room.
我将帮你打扫房间。
(5)动词believe，declare，find，imagine，judge，prove，report，think，deny，discover，feel，guess，know，suppose，understand等后的宾语补足语常为“to be＋adj./n./prep.＋n.”或“to have＋过去分词”的形式。
They all believe the story to be true.
他们都相信这个故事是真实的。
I judged him to have been a gambler.
我判断他曾是个赌徒。(6)believe，consider，declare，find，imagine，judge，prove，report和think等及物动词后的宾补为“to be＋adj./n./prep.＋n.”的一般式时，to be可以省略。
I thought him (to be) too old for the work.
我认为他太老了，不适合做那项工作。
I consider it (to be) unwise.
我认为此举是不明智的。注意：分词(短语)与不定式(短语)作宾补的区别：
现在分词(短语)作宾补时，宾语在逻辑上是分词(短语)所表示的动作的执行者；过去分词(短语)作宾补时，宾语在逻辑上是分词(短语)所表示的动作的承受者；不带to的不定式(短语)作宾补表示一个已经完成的具体动作；带to的不定式(短语)作宾补往往表示不定式(短语)所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后。[对点训练1]
1.The manager was satisfied to see many new products after great effort.
A.having developed B.to develop
C.developed D.develop解析答案√解析　句意为：在做出巨大努力之后，看到很多新产品被研发出来，经理很满意。此题考查的是非谓语动词作感官动词see的宾语补足语。develop与宾语products为动宾关系，故使用过去分词。123452.Days of snowstorms have left the city under thick layers of ice and some 50,000 homes without power.
A.to be trapped B.trapped
C.having trapped D.being trapped解析答案√解析　句意为：几天的暴风雪使得这个城市被困在厚厚的冰层下面，而且大约5万个家庭断了电。leave sth. trapped in sth. 表示“使……被困于……”。123453.If any employee is found information regarding applicants and staff，he or she will be fired immediately.
A.having leaked B.leaked
C.leaking D.to be leaking解析答案√解析　句意为：如果任何雇员被发现泄漏有关求职者和员工的信息，他或她就会立刻被解雇。空格部分在本题中作主语补足语，与主语any employee是主动关系，故选C项。123454.You should understand the traffic rule by now.You’ve had it ______
often enough.
A.explaining B.to explain
C.explain D.explained解析答案√解析　考查“have sth. done”结构。句意为：到现在为止你应该懂得交通法规了。已经给你解释过好多次了。123455. the yard，I found it with lots of leaves.
A.Entering；covering；fallen
B.Having entered；covered；falling
C.Entering；covering；falling
D.Entering；covered；fallen解析答案√12345解析　分析句子结构可知， the yard作状语，enter与句子主语I之间是主动关系，故此处用现在分词entering；cove作感官动词found的宾语补足语，it与cover之间是被动关系，故用过去分词covered；第三空格为定语，修饰名词leaves，由句意可知此处表示“落叶”，应用fallen。故选D项。12345二、主谓一致
1.单复数同形的名词作主语时谓语动词的形式
单复数同形的名词作主语时，如果表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式。
This glass works was set up in 1980.
这家玻璃厂建于1980年。
All possible means have been tried.
所有可能的办法都试过了。2.一些以复数形式出现的名词作主语时谓语动词的形式
名词如trousers，scissors，clothes，goods，glasses 等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数；但这些名词前若出现a pair of，谓语动词一般用单数。
His clothes are good.
他的衣服很不错。
A pair of glasses is on the desk.
桌上有一副眼镜。
3.以--s结尾的不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式
No news is good news.
没有消息就是好消息。4.集体名词作主语时谓语动词的形式
(1)集体名词作主语时，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果就成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。
Nowadays almost every family in the village owns a television.
如今村里几乎每家都有一台电视机。
His family are all tall.
他的家人都很高。
类似的集体名词主要有：army，audience，band，class，committee，crowd，government，population，public，staff，team等。(2)有些集体名词如：cattle，folk，people，police，youth等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。
There are many people in the meeting room.
会议室里有很多人。5.代词作主语时谓语动词的形式
(1)不定代词each，every，no等修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多个并列主语，谓语动词仍用单数形式。
Each boy and each girl has an apple.
每个男孩和女孩都有一个苹果。
Every man has his fault.
每个人都有缺点。
No man is born wise.
人非生而知之。(2)如果主语由more than one...或many a...构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。
More than one student has seen the film.
不止一个学生看过那部电影。
(3)主语由both，(a) few，many，several等限定词修饰时，谓语动词要用复数形式。
Both (of) these films are boring.
这两部电影都没意思。
Few (of) the guests are familiar to us.
客人中没有几个是我们熟悉的。(4)such，the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。
Such is our plan.
我们的计划就是这样。
(5)all，most，some等代词作主语时，要遵循意义一致的原则，即其谓语动词的单、复数形式要根据它们所代替的词的含义来确定。
All of my classmates work hard.
我所有的同学学习都很用功。
All of the water is gone.
所有的水都用光了。(6)由代词each，every one，no one，either，neither，another，the other作主语，以及由合成代词some (any，no，every)＋thing (body，one)作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
Each of the twenty guests was given a present.
20位客人每人获赠一份礼品。
注意：each用于复数名词后作同位语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The students each carry an umbrella.
每个学生都带有一把伞。(7)关系代词who，that，which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中的先行词的数保持一致。
Those who want to go please sign your name here.
想去的人请把名字签在这里。6.数词、量词作主语时谓语动词的形式
(1)基数词单纯表示数字作主语时，其谓语通常用单数形式，但当基数词表示的不是数值而是数量时，谓语动词常用复数形式。
Ten billion is a large number.
100亿是个大数字。
(2)用作运算的数词作主语时，其谓语常用单数形式。
Three plus (and) five is (makes，equals，gives) eight.
三加五等于八。7.用连接词连接的名词或代词作主语时谓语动词的形式
(1)用and或both...and...连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。
Lucy and Lily are twins.
露茜和莉莉是孪生姐妹。
Both Chapter Three and the last chapter are written by Professor Liu.
第三章和最后一章都是由刘教授写的。(2)以or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等连接的并列主语的谓语动词形式，通常依据“就近原则”，即人称和数的形式与最靠近它的名词或代词保持一致。
You or he is wrong.
不是你错了，就是他错了。
Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.
不仅那位老师喜欢踢足球，他的学生也喜欢。(3)当主语后面有with，together with，like，except，but，no less than，as well as 等词时，谓语动词不受这些词的影响，仍然与主语保持一致，即“就远原则”。
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.
这个老师连同一些学生正在参观工厂。
He as well as I wants to go boating.
他和我都想去划船。8.从句、动词不定式、动名词作主语时的主谓一致
(1)在“主系表”结构中，如果以what从句作主语，表语又是单数，主句的谓语动词一般用单数；如果表语是复数，主句的谓语动词一般用复数。若动词不定式、动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。
What caused the accident is a complete mystery.
事故是由什么引起的完全是个谜。
What his father left him are a few English books.
他父亲留给他的只是几本英语书而已。
To learn English well is difficult.
学好英语是困难的。(2)以who，why，how，whether或that引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
Why she did this is not known.
她为什么做这件事还不清楚。[对点训练2]
1.Nobody except Bill and John entered the second round of the interview.(2018·宿迁高一期中)
A.have B.has C.has been D.have been解析答案√解析　句意为：除了比尔和约翰，没有人进入第二轮面试。当except连接两个主语时，谓语动词根据前面的主语来判断，即nobody是句子主语，所以谓语用单数；另外，根据句意可知，此处没有被动的意思。故选B。类似的as well as，together with，along with，but等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的人称和数均与其前面的主语保持一致。123452.The basketball coach，as well as his team， interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
A.were B.was C.is D.are解析答案√解析　题干主语the basketball coach后加as well as his team，谓语动词的单复数与as well as前的the basketball coach保持一致，应用单数形式，排除A、D两项；
根据时间状语shortly after the match可以推断出应用一般过去时。故选B项。123453.During the time at night，the father enjoys watching TV，while the mother together with her three children fond of listening to popular songs.
A.is B.are C.was D.were解析答案√解析　当主语后带有together with短语时，句中的谓语仍然和前面的主语一致，不受together with短语的干扰。根据enjoys和the mother可知，第二个分句也应用一般现在时。123454.Every means ，but none proved successful.
A.have tried B.have been tried
C.has tried D.has been tried解析答案√解析　句意为：所有的办法都试过了，但是没有一个成功。名词means由every修饰，谓语动词要用单数形式；means意为“方法”，与动词try是动宾关系，故选D。123455.It is reported that many a new house at present in the disaster area.
A.are being built B.were being built
C.was being built D.is being built解析答案√解析　句意为：据报道，现在灾区有很多新房子正在被建造。many a后接单数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式；根据句意，这里表示房子正在被建造，所以用现在进行时的被动语态。123451.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph .
(2018·天津，7)
A.taking B.taken
C.being taken D.take◆高考链接解析答案1234567√8解析　句意为：我需要一个新护照，因此我得去让人给我照相。本题考查have sth. done结构，意为“让别人做某事，让……被做”。my photograph与take之间是被动关系，故需用take的过去分词形式。2.The publication of Great Expectations，which both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.(2017·江苏，24)
A.is B.are C.was D.were解析答案√12345678解析　句意为：《远大前程》这部小说的出版获得了广泛认可和高度赞扬，这巩固了狄更斯作为顶尖小说家的地位。由于which引导定语从句，指代“《远大前程》的出版”这件事，且在从句中作主语，故be动词用单数，由strengthened可知用过去时态，故答案选C。3.Back from his two--year medical service in Africa，Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother good care of at home.(2015·陕西，18)
A.taking B.taken C.take D.be taken解析答案√12345678解析　句意为：李博士在非洲做了为期两年的医疗服务工作，回来之后看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好，他很高兴。此处是“see＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。 宾语补足语和宾语(his mother)之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此宾语补足语用过去分词表示，故选B。4.Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it live is quite another.(2015·浙江，18)
A.perform B.performing
C.to perform D.being performed解析答案√12345678解析　句意为：在家听音乐是一回事，去现场听正在被演奏的音乐完全是另外一回事。题干中含有“hear＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，宾语it(指代music)与perform之间存在被动关系，且此处表示去现场听正在被演奏的音乐，故应用being performed作宾语补足语。5.It is important to remember that success a sum of small efforts made each day and often years to achieve.(2015·湖南，27)
A.is；takes B.are；takes
C.are；take D.is；take解析答案√12345678解析　句意为：重要的是要记住，成功是每天所做的一些小小的努力的总和，它常常需要很多年的时间才能实现。此处success是不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故选A项。6.All we need a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
(2014·湖南，32)
A.are B.was C.is D.were解析答案√12345678解析　当all，all of，half of，the rest of，most of及“百分数或分数＋of”等后接名词作主语时，句子谓语动词的形式根据其后的名词而定，故根据表语a small piece of land可知本句谓语动词用单数，且根据从句的时态可知所填词用一般现在时，故选C项。7.The university estimates that living expenses for international students around 8,450 a year，which a burden for some of them.(2013·湖南，33)
A.are；is B.are；are
C.is；are D.is；is解析答案√12345678解析　句意为：这所大学估计，留学生的生活费用每年大约8 450美元，这对一些学生来说是一个负担。第一空的主语为living expenses“生活费用”，指多项费用，是复数形式，故谓语动词用复数形式；“which a burden for some of them”是一个非限制性定语从句，which指代前面一句话，所以此处谓语动词用单数。123456788.I looked up and noticed a snake its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.(2012·四川，8)
A.to wind B.wind
C.winding D.wound√解析　wind与宾语snake之间为主动关系且此动作正在进行，要用现在分词作宾语补足语，故选C项。解析答案12345678本课结束课件56张PPT。Unit 3　Back to the past基础自测内容索引要点探究达标检测Period Three　Task写作专题基础自测Ⅰ.重点单词
1. n.表达；表情，神色
vt.表达
2. n.观众，听众
3. n.仪式，典礼
4. n.共和国；共和政体
5. n.主席
6. n.海军，海军部队
7. adj.强有力的expressionexpressaudienceceremonyrepublicchairmannavypowerful8. n.水手，海员
vi.航行，启航
n.帆；航行
9. adj.幸运的
adv.幸运地
n.财富；命运，运气
10. vt.宣布，宣称sailorsailfortunatefortunatelyfortunedeclare11. n.纪念碑，纪念馆
adj.纪念的
12. vt.教育
n.教育memorialeducateeducationⅡ.重点短语
1.focus 致力于，集中于
2.take 发生
3.carry 执行；实施
4.lead 导致；通向
5.set sail 起航，动身去……
6. board在船(飞机、火车)上
7.declare war 向……宣战
8. memory of纪念onplaceouttoforonagainst/oninⅢ.重点句式
1.now that引导原因状语从句
，does anyone have any questions？
既然我们结束了，还有人有问题吗？
2.with复合结构
In less than 9 minutes，the ship sank .
在不到9分钟的时间里，轮船连同船上的1 177人沉了下去。Now that we’re finishedwith 1,177 men on board3.so that引导目的状语从句
UNESCO is going to help protect more historical places around the world and educate people ________________________________________
_______.
联合国教科文组织将协助保护更多的世界范围的历史遗迹并教育人们，让他们能够更好地欣赏以前的珍宝。so that they can better enjoy the treasures fromthe past要点探究重点词汇A surprise attack was carried out there by the Japanese in 1941.
日本于1941年突然袭击了那里。carry out执行，实施
carry on (with/doing) sth. 继续(做)某事
carry sb. back (to sth. )使某人回忆起(某事)
carry sth. off赢得某物
carry sth. through成功地完成某事(1)He promised to us that he would carry out the plan in spite of the difficulties.
他向我们许诺，尽管有困难，他还是要实施这个计划。
(2)They decided to carry on their walk regardless the weather.
他们决定不管天气好坏都继续走下去。
(3)The sound of seagulls childhood holidays by the sea.
海鸥的叫声使她回忆起童年时在海边度假的情景。carried her back to解析　句意为：在周围有这么多噪音的情况下，继续谈话对我们来说很困难。carry on sth. 继续某事；account for是……的原因，占……比例；bring up引起，抚养，呕吐；get through接通(电话)。根据句意可知选A。[单项填空]
(4)It is difficult for us to a conversation with so much noise around us.
A.carry on B.account for
C.bring up D.get through解析答案√It was fortunate that the US Navy’s aircraft carriers were at sea that day.
幸运的是那天美国海军的航空母舰出海了。(1)fortunate adj.幸运的
be fortunate to do/in doing sth. 在……方面运气好
It is fortunate that...幸运的是……
(2)fortunately adv.幸运地
(3)unfortunate adj.不幸的
(4)unfortunately adv.不幸地(1)She is fortunate to have a good husband.
＝She a good husband.
＝ she has a good husband.
她很幸运有位好丈夫。
(2)Fortunately，everything worked out all right in the end.
幸运的是，最后一切都很顺利。
(3)I hope this incident will not affect the relationship between us.
我希望这件不幸的事将不会影响你我之间的关系。is fortunate in havingIt is fortunate thatunfortunate[单项填空]
(4)He met with robbers last night，but he was enough to escape them finally.
A.fortunate B.eventual
C.certain D.surprising解析答案√解析　fortunate幸运的；eventual最终的；certain确定的；surprising令人吃惊的。由句意可知选A。The next day，US President Franklin Roosevelt asked that the US declare war against Japan.
第二天，美国总统富兰克林·罗斯福要求美国对日宣战。declare vt.宣布，宣称
declare war (on/against)(向……)宣战
declare sb. /sth. (as/to be)＋n./adj.宣布某人/物……
declare sth. /that...宣布……
declare for/against赞成/反对……
It is/was declared that...据宣布……(1)India declared its independence in 1947.
印度在1947年宣布独立。
(2)They declared him (as/to be) the winner.
他们宣布他为获胜者。
(3)He he would fight for his right.
他宣称要为他的权利而斗争。declared that解析　句意为：家庭农业被称为全世界的主要农业形式。联合国已经宣布2014年为国际家庭农业年。此处为“declare sb. /sth. (as/to be)＋n./adj.”结构，declare宣布，符合句意。announce宣布，通告，不用于此句型；inform通知；report报道，报告。[单项填空]
(4)Family farming has been called the main form of agriculture around the world.The United Nations has 2014 the International Year of Family Farming.
A.declared B.announced C.informed D.reported√解析答案In memory of the Americans who died in the attack，...
为纪念在袭击中遇难的美国人，……in memory of为了纪念……
in honour of为了表示对……的崇敬；为了纪念……
in place of取代，代替
in favour of赞同
in spite of尽管，不管
in case of万一；以防
in search of寻找
in terms of就……而言
in need/want of需要
in charge of负责，掌管(1)A monument has been set up in memory of their dear teacher.
为了纪念他们敬爱的老师，他们已经竖起了一块纪念碑。
(2)A memorial was built in honour of those who died for the country.
为表示对那些为国捐躯者的崇敬，建起了一座纪念馆。解析　句意为：为了纪念瞿秋白，我们建立了一所用他的名字命名的小学。in honour of＝in memory of 意为“为了纪念……”；第二空name after“以……命名”，和a primary school是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故选 D项。[单项填空]
(3) Qu Qiubai，we set up a primary school after him.
(2018·常州高级中学高一期中)
A.In honour of；naming B.In face of；named
C.In place of；naming D.In memory of；named√解析答案经典句式Now that we’re finished，does anyone have any questions？
既然我们结束了，还有人有问题吗？这是一个主从复合句，Now that we’re finished是原因状语从句。now that＝since，表示“既然”，口语中that常可省略，而只用now引导从句。
注意：就像although/though不能与but连用，because不能与so连用一样，当now that引导的从句表示原因时，主句前不能加so。(1)Now that you have finished your work，you may go now.
既然你已完成了工作，那么你可以走了。
(2) you have made a promise，you must carry it out.
既然你许下了诺言，你就要兑现。Now that[单项填空]
(3)—How foolish I was!
— you have realized that，stop blaming yourself.
A.Now that B.Unless
C.Although D.Even if解析答案√解析　句意为：——我当时可真是笨呀！——既然你已经意识到了就别再责怪自己。now that既然；unless除非；although虽然；even if 即使。根据句意可知选A项。In less than 9 minutes，the ship sank with 1,177 men on board.
在不到9分钟的时间里，轮船连同船上的1 177人沉了下去。(1)with复合结构：with＋宾语＋宾语补足语。在句中可作定语或状语。作状语时，常表示伴随情况、方式、条件、原因等。
(2)其宾语补足语通常有以下几种形式：形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、不定式。(1)He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.
他正和衣躺在床上。
(2)All the afternoon he worked with the door .
整个下午他都锁着门在屋里工作。
(3)With so many people ，we are sure to finish it on time.
有这么多人帮忙，我们一定能按时完成。lockedto help us[单项填空]
(4)The boss came into the office，with his eyes on me.
A.keeps B.fixed
C.fixing D.keeping√解析答案解析　eyes与fix之间为逻辑上的被动关系，因此用其过去分词形式作宾语补足语，故选B。达标检测Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.This defeat was a (强有力的) blow to the enemy.
2.I could tell from the on her face that something serious had happened.
3.You are very to have bought such a lovely house in the city centre at such a low price.
4.Last week，their wedding (典礼) took place in the church.
5.He was at the local high school，after which he went to Peking University.
6.The court (宣布) that strike action was illegal.powerfulexpressionfortunateceremonyeducateddeclared7.Every passenger shall take two pieces of luggage .
8.His foolish behavior his failure in the end.
9. your study，or you will feel regretful in future.
10. the great scientist，a research institute was set up in 1962.
11.They a series of experiments to test the new drug last year.Ⅱ.选词填空carry out；in memory of；focus on；on board；lead toon boardled toFocus onIn memory ofcarried outⅢ.完成句子
12.谢谢你给我们送来这些美丽的鲜花。
us these beautiful flowers.
13.他手里拿着根棍子走进黑暗的街道。
He walked into the dark street .
14.既然你累了，为什么不休息一下呢？
，why not have a rest?
15.买鱼时，你首先得闻闻。
，you should first smell it.Thank you for sendingwith a stick in his handNow that you are tiredWhen buying fish16.他好好计划了他的时间，以便按时完成工作。
He planned his time well on time.so that he could finish his work解析　句意为：许多非洲的孩子因为遭受战争、贫穷和疾病，他们需要食物、爱和关心。in memory of为了纪念……；in favour of赞成，支持；in need of需要；in honour of为了纪念……，为向……表示敬意。根据句意知选C。Ⅳ.单项填空
17.Suffering from war，poverty and illness，many African children are food，love and care.
A.in memory of B.in favour of
C.in need of D.in honour of解析答案√18.—Some Chinese students find it difficult to understand native speakers when in London.
—Exactly， they’ve learned a lot about grammar and known many words.
A.if only B.now that
C.as if D.even if解析答案√解析　句意为：——在伦敦，一些中国学生发现很难理解当地人说的话。——确实，即使他们学了很多语法和单词。if only要是……就好了；now that既然；as if好像；even if即使。根据题意选D。19.With Christmas ，they found an approach the problem.
(2017·江都中学、省扬中、省溧中高一联考)
A.approach；in B.approaching；to
C.approached；of D.to approach；with答案解析√解析　句意为：随着圣诞节的临近，他们找到了一个解决这个问题的办法。第一空为with的复合结构，Christmas与approach之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作宾语补足语；an approach to...……的途径/方法。故选B。20.At the 2014 press conference the Chinese foreign minister that China was strongly against the terrorism.
A.declared B.announced
C.told D.showed解析答案√解析　句意为：在2014年新闻发布会上中国外交部长宣布中国强烈反对恐怖主义。declare的意思是“正式宣布”，一般指官方的正式宣布；announce也有“宣布”的意思，它一般指宣布或预告大家关心的问题；tell告诉；show表示。根据句意可知选A。解析　句意为：第一幅画是《桂林峰峦》，有三米多高，该画主要画的是几座陡峭的山峰，山峰下流淌着漓江之水。第一空是“with＋宾语＋doing”构成的with复合结构，其中宾语和它的补语之间为主谓关系，所以用现在分词短语作宾补；第二空measure“(某物的) 尺寸/长度/高度等为……”，是不及物动词。故选A。21.The first painting Guilin Heights，which focuses on several steep hills with the Li River below， over three meters tall.
A.flowing；measures B.flowing；is measured
C.flowed；measures D.flowed；is measured解析答案√写作专题◆写作指导Writing a speech在日常生活中，人们为参加会议或者集会时表达自己的意见、看法，或者汇报思想、工作情况等而准备的文稿就是发言稿。
在较为隆重的仪式上和某些公众场合发表的发言稿也称之为演讲稿或者演说辞。演讲稿是人们在工作和社会生活中经常使用的一种文体。它可以用来交流思想、感情，表达主张、见解，也可以用来介绍自己的学习、工作情况和经验等。演讲稿具有宣传、鼓动、教育和欣赏等作用，它可以把演讲者的观点、主张与思想感情传达给听众以及读者，使他们信服并在感情上产生共鸣。
演讲稿的基本组成部分包括：称呼语→正文(提出论题、进行论证、得出结论)→结束语。具体来说为：
1.开始时对听众的称呼语
(1)常用称呼语如Dear friends/Dear fellow students/Good morning，ladies and gentlemen/Good afternoon，everyone等，其后用逗号。
(2)有时在称呼语后用一句客套语过渡。如：It is a great honour for me to give my speech here today.2.提出论题
提出论题的方法各种各样，最常用的是开门见山直奔主题，如：The topic of my speech today is...；有时采用举例法；另外，用具体的统计数据也是一个有效的引出论题的方法，比如你要谈遵守交通规则的话题，可以从列举一系列有关车辆、车祸等的数据开始。
3.论证
论证就是要把道理讲清楚。常见的论证方法有举例法、因果法、对比法等。列举讲话要点，常用first of all，secondly，finally等。4.结论
结论要简明扼要，以给听众留下深刻印象。有时会加上一句总结性的话。如： In a word...；Only in this way can we...
5.结尾
结尾要干净利落。
常用的结尾有：
Thank you very much for your attention.
Thanks for listening.◆常用句式1.Good morning/afternoon/evening，everyone.
2.I’m very proud that I can tell you something about...
3.I am very happy to show my opinion about...
4.In my opinion，we students should not drop litter carelessly and walk or ride to school as soon as possible.
5.Every one of us should think about future.
6.As long as we work together，I’m sure our beautiful dream will come true.
7.That’s all.Thank you!◆典题示例实现有效的沟通，建立良好的人际关系，不仅要善于言表，更要学会倾听。请你根据下表中所提供的信息，写一篇主题为“Being a Good Listener”的英文演讲稿。注意：
1.对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译；
2.词数150左右；
3.开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。写作步骤Step 1　审题谋篇
1.本文要求写一篇主题为“当一个优秀的倾听者”的演讲稿。
2.时态：用一般现在时。
3.人称：用第一人称、第三人称。
4.布局：称呼语和结束语已给出，正文部分应主要从提出论题、进行论证和得出结论三个方面进行写作。可采用三段式。Step 2　联想词汇
1.表示尊重
2.改善人际关系
3.消除代沟
4.满足需求
5.互帮互学
_______________________
______________________________
________________________________
_________________________________
___________________________show respect/be respectfulimprove interpersonal relationshipnarrow/eliminate the generation gapmeet/satisfy one’s needs/requirementshelp and learn from each otherStep 3　句式升级
1.良好的倾听能显示出对人的尊敬，改善人际关系。
Good listening _________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________.
(并列句)
Only by good listening __________________________________________
___________.(倒装句)can show respect and improve interpersonal relationship/can not only show respect but also improve interpersonal relationshipcan we show respect and improve interpersonalrelationship2.同学应该互相倾听，以此来增进友谊，互帮互学。
Students should listen to their classmates，____________________
____________________________________________________________.
(并列句)
Students should listen to their classmates，thus _________________
______________________________________________.(非谓语动词)and they can thus notonly promote their friendship but also help and learn from each otherpromoting theirfriendship and helping and learning from each other3.我想强调的是我们每个人都应该多聆听别人。
each of us should listen more to others.
(宾语从句)
is that each of us should listen more to others.(主语从句)I want to stress thatWhat I want to stressStep 4　连句成篇
Good afternoon，everyone!The topic of my speech today is “Being a Good Listener”.
Good listening can not only show respect but also improve interpersonal relationship.Many people suggest that parents should listen more to their children，so they will understand them better，and find it easy to narrow the generation gap；teachers should listen more to their students，then they can meet their needs better，and place themselves in a good relationship with their students；students should listen to their classmates，thus promoting their friendship and helping and learning from each other.What I want to stress is that each of us should listen more to others.Show your respect and never stop others till they finish their talk；show you are interested by a supportive silence or a knowing smile；be open-minded to different opinions even though you don’t like them.In a word，good listening can really enable us to get closer to each other.
Thank you for your listening!本课结束课件68张PPT。Unit 3　Back to the past基础自测内容索引要点探究达标检测课文预读Period Four　Project基础自测Ⅰ.重点单词
1. n.雕塑，雕像
2. n.士兵；军队，部队
3. vi.& n.前进，进发；游行
4. n.辉煌；荣耀，光荣
5. adv.(时间、空间)在前面；提前，预先；领先
6. adj.辽阔的；巨大的；大量的
7. n.薪金，薪水
8. adj.意识到的，知道的；察觉到的statuetroopmarchgloryaheadvastsalaryaware9. n.基础；基准；原因
(pl.)
10. n.法院，法庭；球场；宫廷
11. vt.使腐化，使堕落
adj.贪污的，腐败的
12. n.审讯，审理；试验；考验
13. n.法官，审判员；裁判员
14. n.毒药，毒物
vt.毒害，下毒basisbasescourtcorrupttrialjudgepoisonⅡ.重点短语
1. doubt无疑；确实
2.rise against起义，反抗
3.stand one’s path阻碍某人；挡住某人的去路
4.grow tired 厌烦……，厌倦……
5.ahead ...在……之前；在……前面
6.come down 患(病)
7.think of... ...认为……是……；把……看作是……
8.make sb. aware sth. 让某人知道/明白某事
9.have enough ...受够了……；对……感到厌烦
10.be put death被判处死刑noupinofofwithasofoftoⅢ.重点句式
1.状语从句的省略；情态动词＋have done
how a statue from distant Greece in China，researchers explained that no doubt this was a result of Alexander the Great’s influence.
当被问及来自遥远的希腊的塑像怎么会出现在中国时，研究人员解释说，这无疑是亚历山大大帝的影响所致。When askedcould have appeared2.现在分词短语作状语
In 334 BC，he took his army，now with 42,000 men，into the Middle East and then Egypt， (defeat) every army that stood in his path.
公元前334年，他率领当时已达四万两千人的军队进入中东，接着是埃及，兵锋所至，所向披靡。defeating课文预读Ⅰ.课文阅读理解
1.Why was a statue of a Greek soldier discovered in northern Xinjiang?
A.The Greek soldier died in northern Xinjiang.
B.The statue was stolen to Xinjiang.
C.It may be traded to Xinjiang in an ancient time.
D.It was made in Xinjiang.√答案123452.Why didn’t Alexander the Great take control of the whole world?
A.His army was defeated most of the time.
B.He himself got tired of endless battles.
C.His army got tired of endless battles.
D.He became ill and died.√答案123453.How long did Alexander the Great influence the world?
A.His influence ended after his death.
B.He influenced the world for centuries afterwards.
C.He influenced the century when he lived.
D.He didn’t have any influence on the world at all.√答案123454.How did Socrates make a living?
A.By being a common worker.
B.By being a teacher.
C.By being a scholar.
D.By being a soldier.√答案123455.What did people think of Socrates’ teaching way by asking questions?
A.All the people liked his teaching way.
B.Only his students liked his teaching way.
C.Some people didn’t like his teaching way.
D.Young people liked his teaching way.√答案12345Ⅱ.课文阅读填空experiencesdefeatedstandingSufferinginfluence/effectintroductionsrealizebasisReasonsbear/tolerateⅢ.阅读第一篇课文“Ancient Greek statue found in Xinjiang”，并试着以约30个词概括第三段(P58，Ls10－18)的段落大意。
In 334 BC，Alexander the Great conquered the Middle East and Egypt，then India.He founded a vast kingdom on his occupied land.However，after his death，his kingdom was divided by his generals.要点探究When asked how a statue from distant Greece could have appeared in China，researchers explained that no doubt this was a result of Alexander the Great’s influence.
当被问及来自遥远的希腊的塑像怎么会出现在中国时，研究人员解释说，这无疑是亚历山大大帝的影响所致。no doubt毫无疑问
There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
be in doubt不肯定，不确定
doubt whether/if...(肯定句中)怀疑是否……重点词汇(1)The future of the peace talks is in doubt.
和谈前途未卜。
(2) he is good at singing songs.
毫无疑问他擅长唱歌。
(3)I he’ll change his mind.
我拿不准他是否会改变主意。There is no doubt that/No doubtdoubt whether/if[单项填空]
(4) —Mom，the teacher praised me for my spoken English this morning.
— you have done very well，but you still have a long way to go.
A.No wonder B.No doubt
C.No problem D.No matter答案解析√解析　 句意为：——妈妈，今天早上老师表扬我的英语口语了。——毫无疑问，你做得很好。但你还有很长的路要走。根据后文的“but you still have a long way to go.”可知，前面是表示肯定。故选B项。(5)He expressed doubt Britain really wanted full membership.
A.what B.that
C.which D.whether答案解析√解析　句意为：他怀疑英国是否真正想取得完全的会员国资格。分析句子结构可知，“Britain really wanted full membership”说明“doubt”的内容，为同位语从句，根据句意可知应用whether引导，表示“是否”。By the age of thirty，he had already occupied more land than anyone before，and it seemed that more glory was waiting ahead of him.
到30岁时，他已经比以前的任何人占领的土地都要多，而且前面似乎有更多的荣耀在等待着他。ahead of在……前面，在……之前
ahead of time提前，预先
go ahead说吧，开始吧；前进；行，可以(1)He had to work hard to remain ahead of his classmates.
他必须努力学习以保持他在同学中的领先地位。
(2)They have completed the design ahead of time.
他们提前完成了设计。
(3)—Do you mind if I record your lecture?
—Not at all. .
——你介意我把你的讲座录下来吗？
——不介意。请便。Go ahead[单项填空]
(4)—You know what？I’ve got a New Year concert ticket.
—Oh， You’re kidding.(2018·江苏，28)
A.so what? B.go ahead.
C.come on. D.what for?√答案解析解析　句意为：——你猜怎么着？我有一张新年音乐会的票。——噢，得了吧。你在开玩笑吧。so what意为“那又怎么样呢”，表示对对方说的话不以为然；go ahead意为“去吧，干吧”，用于鼓励别人；come on可意为“加油”，用于激励别人，也可意为“得了吧，怎么会呢”，表示不相信；what for用于询问目的，意为“为了什么”。由语境可知C项正确。Yet，in 323 BC，he came down with a fever and died.
可是，在公元前323年，他发烧病倒，不治身亡。come down with患(病)
come up with提出；想出
come up被提出；长出；走近
come about发生
come across偶遇(1)It sounds like you’re coming down with the flu.Let me take your temperature.
听起来好像你得流感了，让我量量你的体温。
(2)The subject of salaries didn’t come up.
没有谈到薪水的事。
(3)He first the good idea of going to visit a factory.
他首先提出了去参观工厂这个好主意。came up with[单项填空]
(4)John is to attend the meeting in place of the manager，who has
a bad cold.(2018·无锡江阴四校高一期中)
A.come up with B.come down to
C.come down with D.come up against答案解析√解析　句意为：约翰将代替患有感冒的经理去开会。come down with 患(病)。符合题意。故选C项。Philosophy can be thought of as a way of looking at the world around us，...
哲学可以被认为是观察我们周围世界的一种方式，……think of...as...认为……是……；把……看作是……
think of想起，记起；考虑
think highly/well/much of...对……评价高
think poorly/ill of...对……评价不好
think about考虑
think over仔细考虑(1)I have always thought of Peter as a great scholar.
我向来认为彼得是一位了不起的学者。
(2)I can think of at least three occasions when he arrived late.
我记得他至少迟到过三次。
(3)He the best reporter in the department.
他被认为是这个部门里最好的记者。is thought of as[单项填空]
(4)Yang Liwei is regarded as our national hero，who is .
A.thinking high of B.thought high of
C.highly thought of D.thinking highly of答案解析√解析　句意为：杨利伟被认为是我们的民族英雄，大家给他的评价很高。who引导非限制性定语从句，who指代Yang Liwei，与think highly of之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故选C项。In many cases，his questions made his students aware of their own errors.
在许多情况下，他的问题让他的学生们意识到他们自己的错误。(1)aware adj.知道的，意识到的；察觉到的
be aware of知道/意识到……
make sb. aware of使某人意识到……
be aware that...意识到……
(2)awareness n.认识，意识
raise awareness提高认识(1)Are you aware of the time now?
你知道现在是什么时候了吗？
(2)Are you aware that you have hurt her feelings?
你意识到你伤了她的感情了吗？
(3)Health officials have tried to about AIDS among teenagers.
卫生部门的官员们一直在努力提高青少年对艾滋病的认识。raise awareness解析　句意为：尽管她是一个普通的妇女，但是因为她想尽一切办法让人们意识到环境保护的重要性，所以她赢得了这个奖项。aware意识到，察觉到，make sb. aware of sth. 让某人意识到某事情，符合句意。available可得到的；careful仔细的；absent缺席的。[单项填空]
(4)Ordinary woman though she is，she had won the award because she tries every means to make people of the importance of the environment protection.
A.available B.careful
C.absent D.aware答案解析√The idea of asking questions until you reach the right answer is the basis of modern philosophy and science.
提出一个个问题直至你得出正确答案，这一思路是现代哲学和科学的基础。(1)basis n.基础；基准
on the basis of在……的基础上
(2)base vt.以……为基础；n.根基，基底；底座
base...on/upon...把……建立在……的基础上；以……为根据
be based on/upon以……为根据/基础
(3)basic adj.基础的；基本的(1)The book was written on the basis of careful observations and detailed studies.
这本书是在仔细观察与细致研究的基础上撰写的。
(2)This song an old folk tune.
这首歌曲是以一首民间小调为基础的。is based on/upon答案解析[单项填空]
(3)—Why did you promote him to a position of leadership?
— his qualifications and ideas.
A.On behalf of B.Regardless of
C.On the basis of D.In relation to√解析　句意为：——你为什么把他晋升到领导岗位？——以他的资历和见解。on behalf of代表，为了……的利益；regardless of不管，不顾；on the basis of以……为基础；in relation to与……有关。根据题意选C。At his trial，he defended himself by asking his judges yet more questions.
在对他进行审判时，他通过问法官更多问题来为自己辩护。(1)judge vt.审判；判决；判断；n.法官；裁判员
judge...from/by...根据……来判断……
judge sb. /sth. to be...判断某人/事……
judging from/by...从……判断
(2)judg(e)ment n.判断；判断力；判决
make a judgement of/about/on...对……作出评价；就……发表看法/意见
in one’s judgement根据某人的判断，依某人看来(1)You can’t judge a man from/by his appearance.
你不能以貌取人。
(2)I judged him to be an English teacher.
我判断他是一位英语老师。
(3) his accent，he must be from Sichuan.
从他的口音判断，他一定是四川人。Judging from/by答案解析[单项填空]
(4)Very quickly，she learned to appreciate life rather than to ________
everything so harshly(刻薄地).
A.discuss B.realize
C.judge D.settle√解析　句意为：很快地，她开始学着欣赏生活而不是刻薄地去评判每件事。judge判断，评判，符合句意。discuss讨论；realize意识到；settle解决。经典句式When asked how a statue from distant Greece could have appeared in China，researchers explained that no doubt this was a result of Alexander the Great’s influence.
当被问及来自遥远的希腊的塑像怎么会出现在中国时，研究人员解释说，这无疑是亚历山大大帝的影响所致。(1)本句是主从复合句，其中When asked...是时间状语从句的省略形式，其完整形式为When they were asked...，其后的how引导宾语从句。主句中explained后接一个由that引导的宾语从句。
(2)在英语中，有些表示时间(when/as/while/once)、条件(if/unless)、方式(as if/as though)或让步(even if/even though/although/though)等的状语从句，如果从句中含有动词be的某种形式，且从句主语又和主句主语一致，或者从句主语是it时，常把状语从句中的主语和动词be一起省略。[歌诀巧记]
状语从句的省略：省略句，真容易，符合两条就可以。两句主语要一致，从句谓语含有be。从句若有it be，照样省去莫迟疑。
(1)Work hard when young，or you’ll regret.
少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
(2)Unless ，the machine is of no use.
这台机器如不修理便毫无用处。
(3) ，you can refer to the dictionary.
如果有必要的话，你可以查阅词典。repairedIf (it is) necessary[单项填空]
(4)It is not easy to get along with him，but the friendship of his ，will last forever.(2017·南菁高级中学高一检测)
A.once gaining B.once gained
C.while gaining D.to be gained答案√解析解析　句意为：和他相处不容易，但一旦得到他的友谊，就会永远持续下去。该句表达的含义为：once the friendship of his is gained，it will last forever。故选B。(5)While watching television， .
A.the doorbell rang
B.the doorbell rings
C.we heard the doorbell ring
D.we heard the doorbell rings答案√解析解析　while后接的是现在分词短语，在句中作状语，它的逻辑主语为指人的词，故排除A、B两项；
hear后接复合宾语时，这个复合宾语应包含一个省略to的动词不定式或现在分词短语。故选择C项。In 334 BC，he took his army，now with 42,000 men，into the Middle East and then Egypt，defeating every army that stood in his path.
公元前334年，他率领当时已达四万两千人的军队进入中东，接着是埃及，兵锋所至，所向披靡。(1)句中的现在分词短语defeating every army that stood in his path作状语，表示伴随状况。
(2)现在分词短语作状语的用法说明：
①基本语法功能：作状语，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随状况。
②主语一致：作状语的现在分词的逻辑主语通常与句子的主语保持一致。
③时态特性：分词动作先于谓语动作发生时,分词用完成式,否则用一般式。
④语态特性：构成分词的动词与句子主语为主动关系时，分词用主动式，否则用被动式。(1)The boy ran away，shouting loudly(＝and shouted loudly).
那个男孩大喊着跑开了。
(2)Having failed many times(＝Though he had failed many times)，he didn’t lose heart.
虽然失败了多次，但他并不灰心。
(3) (＝When they left the airport)，they waved again and again to us.
离开机场时，他们向我们频频挥手。Leaving the airport[单项填空]
(4)Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period， the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.(2018·江苏，26)
A.having exceeded B.to exceed
C.exceeded D.exceeding答案解析√解析　句意为：在这段时期创造了大约13 500个新工作，超过了市场分析师认为的12 000个的预期数量。were created是谓语，因此exceed只能用非谓语动词形式作伴随状语。
A项having exceeded表示exceed的动作发生在were created之前，不符合语境；
B项to exceed不能作伴随状语；
C项exceeded表示主语与exceed之间为被动关系，也不符合语境。
故选D。 (5) for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
A.To work B.Worked
C.To be working D.Having worked答案解析√解析　句意为：工作了两天后，史蒂夫设法准时完成了报告。动词work与句子主语Steve之间为主谓关系，故要用现在分词形式；同时work的动作发生在谓语动词managed to finish之前，故要用完成时。达标检测Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.We drew this conclusion on the of experiments.
2.You can’t a book by its cover.
3.After that we are (意识到) that we should build up our bodies and live a healthy life.
4.The people who have taken our advice have saved themselves (大量的) sums of money.
5.He took part in the competition for the (光荣) of the school.basisjudgeawarevastgloryⅡ.选词填空rise up against；think of...as...；come down with；ahead of time；have enough of6.The Chinese people Yue Fei a brave hero.
7.I his lies!
8.According to the report，people illnesses more easily when under stress.
9.The young man was put to death for calling on the people to ________
the government.
10.Tell us if you come，in case we’re not at home.think ofashave enough ofcome down withrise upagainstahead of timeⅢ.完成句子
11.他坐在扶手椅上读报。
He sat in the armchair， .
12.毫无疑问，家庭教育影响孩子的成长。
family education influences children’s growth.
13.她怀疑他是否会来。
She he would come.reading a newspaperThere is no doubt that/No doubtdoubted whether/if14.如果有必要，我们会帮助他解决这个问题。
，we’ll help him solve the problem.
15.事实上，教学是一门建立在科学基础上的艺术。
Actually，teaching is an art .If (it is) necessarybased on science解析　句意为：——女士，你的手提箱看起来太重了。你需要我的帮助吗？——没关系，我自己可以的。It’s all right没关系；My pleasure别客气；No doubt毫无疑问；With pleasure乐意效劳。根据句意知选A。Ⅳ.单项填空
16.—Madam，your suitcase seems too heavy for you.Do you need my help?
— .I can manage it.(2017·淮安宿迁名校高一联考)
A.It’s all right B.My pleasure
C.No doubt D.With pleasure√答案解析17.—Could I use this dictionary?
— .It’s a spare one.
A.Good idea B.Just go ahead
C.You’re welcome D.You’d better not√答案解析解析　句意为：——我可以用这本字典吗？——拿去吧！这是多余的一本。Good idea好主意；Just go ahead去做吧，用吧(表示同意对方提出的做法)；You’re welcome不用谢；You’d better not你最好不要这样做。故B项符合句意。18.Modern English huge changes during the Renaissance in the 16th century.
A.went through B.got across
C.took over D.came down with答案√解析解析　句意为：现代英语在16世纪的文艺复兴时期经历了巨大的变化。go through经历，通过，仔细检查；get across通过，被理解；take over接管；come down with患(病)。根据句意知选A。19.With our knowledge practice，we can make great contributions to our society.
A.to base on B.basing on
C.based on D.base on答案解析√解析　句意为：因为我们的知识以实践为基础，所以我们能够为社会做出巨大的贡献。be based on以……为基础，以……为根据，knowledge和base之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。故选C。20. with his office work，he had no time to attend to his sick daughter.
A.Keeping occupying B.Kept occupied
C.Keeping occupied D.Kept occupying√答案解析解析　句意为：由于忙于办公室工作，他没有时间照顾生病的女儿。keep sb. occupied with使某人忙于/集中精力于……。he与keep构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作原因状语。故选B。Ⅴ.微写作
写作素材(关于减灾)
1.今天下午一些学者和研究者将给我们做一个关于如何减灾的讲座。
2.无疑这对我们学生是有好处的。
3.我们应该意识到形势的严峻性。
4.我们应该设法找到这些问题的解决办法。
提示：加颜色部分用本单元词汇表达。补全短文
This afternoon 21. will give us a
22. on how to reduce disasters.23. it’s good for us students.We should 24. the serious situations and try to find 25. to these problems.some scholars and researcherslectureNo doubtbe aware ofsolutions本课结束课件15张PPT。Unit 3　Back to the pastStep One　 构词助记内容索引Step Three 语境助记Step Two　 词义助记Vocabulary BreakthroughStep One　构词助记A组　前缀
fortunate adj.→ adj.不幸的，遗憾的
public n.→ n.共和国；共和政体
head n.→ adv.(时间、空间)在前面；提前，预先；领先unfortunaterepublicaheadB组　后缀
civilize v.→ n.文明
research v.→ n.研究者，调查者
commerce n.→ adj.商业的，贸易的
wealth n.→ adj.富有的，富裕的
gradual adj.→ adv.渐渐地，逐渐地
culture n.→ adj.文化的
remain v.→ n.遗物，遗迹，遗骸civilizationresearchercommercialwealthygraduallyculturalremainswood n.→ adj.木制的
history n.→ adj.历史的；与历史研究相关的
express v.→ n.表达；表情，神色
power n.→ adj.强有力的
sail v.→ n.水手，海员
memory n.→ n.纪念碑，纪念馆；
adj.纪念的woodenhistoricalexpressionpowerfulsailormemorialC组　合成
n.＋n. n.沙尘暴，风沙
n.主席
n.(军用)机场
n.飞机sandstormchairmanairfieldaircraftD组　转化
n.?v. 破坏，毁灭
轰炸
前进，进发；游行
判断，评定
毒害，下毒
n.?adj. 物质的
纪念的
adv.?adj. 在附近的
v.?adj. 贪污的，腐败的ruinbombmarchjudgepoisonmaterialmemorialnearbycorruptE组　不规则动词
flee－ －____fledfledStep Two　词义助记A组　同义词
unlucky adj.? adj.
escape vt.&vi.? vt.&vi.
rich adj.? adj.
under prep.? prep.
announce vt.? vt.
teach vt.? vt.
huge adj.? adj.unfortunatefleewealthybeneathdeclare educatevastB组　反义词
protect vt.? vt.
distant adj.? adj.
weak adj.? adj.
C组　形近词
feather n.羽毛? n.皮革
status n.地位，身份? n.雕塑，雕像destroynearbypowerfulleatherstatueStep Three　语境助记背诵经典
1.The judge in charge of the trial gave a lecture to students to educate them to obey laws.
2.The institute was founded 10 years ago and its researchers are all scholars.
3.The ceremony will be held in a hall that is decorated well and the audience are waiting there.
4.The chairman of the meeting was aware that it was time to declare the result.
5.The disaster was so powerful that it destroyed the whole city.本课结束课件10张PPT。Unit 3　Back to the past走进高考 · 文化品格渗透Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater，employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups.It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater’s 75--year history.This time，however，the cleanup was a little different.As one group of workers carried out the rubbish，another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building’s end.The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater.Though the movie is 30 years old，most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building.Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate.The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.
Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete.He added that the theater’s location(位置) was also a reason.“This used to be the center of town，” he said.“Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses.”Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place.However，these plans were abandoned because of financial problems.Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm，which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.
The theater audience said good--bye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time.After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie.The theater will be missed.24.In what way was yesterday’s cleanup at the Plaza special?
A.It made room for new equipment.
B.It signaled the closedown of the theater.
C.It was done with the help of the audience.
D.It marked the 75th anniversary of the theater.√答案解析24252627解析　推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后两句可知，这次清扫工作有点儿不同，清理完垃圾后，工作人员也要把椅子和其他影院设备搬走，因为这个电影院要关门了。故选B项。解析　细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate.”可知，影院选择放映电影The Last Picture Show，是因为影院老板认为它比较合适。故选D项。25.Why was The Last Picture Show put on?
A.It was an all--time classic.
B.It was about the history of the town.
C.The audience requested it.
D.The theater owner found it suitable.√答案解析24252627解析　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，布雷福德把楼和地卖给了当地的一家开发公司，这家公司打算在这个地方建一座购物中心，所以可以推断出，这个楼会被拆除(be knocked down)。故选C项。26.What will probably happen to the building?
A.It will be repaired.
B.It will be turned into a museum.
C.It will be knocked down.
D.It will be sold to the city government.√答案解析24252627解析　推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“Though the movie is 30 years old，most of the 250 seats were filled with teary--eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building.”可知，观众对电影院很有感情，他们挥泪告别这座老建筑。故选B项。27.What can we infer about the audience?
A.They are disappointed with Bradford.
B.They are sad to part with the old theater.
C.They are supportive of the city officials.
D.They are eager to have a shopping center.√答案解析24252627本课结束