达芬奇的肖像画《蒙娜丽莎》以其神秘的微笑而著称，但是画中的女主人公是谁？神秘的微笑背后又有怎样的故事呢？
Mona Lisa
Mona Lisa is a 16th-century portrait painted by Leonardo da Vinci during the Italian Renaissance, which now is under the care of Louvre in Paris. It is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. But who was the heroine and what is the story behind the mysterious smile?
Its identity remains uncertain.Some researchers say that she was the widowed Duchess of Milan.Others say it is possible that she was Mona Lisa Gherardini，the third wife of the wealthy silk merchant Francesco.
The smile of Mona Lisa has kept people guessing. Someone says that the smile originated from Leonardo da Vinci's mother，Caterina. Others say the smile is quite simple because women were taught to smile so as to add an air of mystery and grace at that time. The truth is that this style of smile was not invented by Leonardo da Vinci.It can be found in a number of sculptures from the 15th century.
No one knows the truth behind this famous painting except Leonardo da Vinci himself，but people are so fond of it and would enjoy guessing.
In fact, there are many fine art forms in western countries and China as well. It's these fine arts and pop arts that make our life colourful.
[阅读障碍词]
1．mysterious adj. 神秘的
2．identity n. 身份；识别
3．widow v. 寡居
n. 寡妇
4．originate v. 起源，发端于
5．sculpture n. 雕塑
[诱思导读]
What does “It” refer to in the last sentence in Para.3?
The style of smile of Mona Lisa.
Section Ⅰ Warming Up，Pre-reading & Reading
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.colourful A．n.真实；现实；逼真
( )2.contemporary B．vt.绘画；(用颜料)画
( )3.delightful C．vt.观察；注意到
( )4.paint D．vt.采纳；采用
( )5.traditional E．vi.以……为目标；打算；意欲
( )6.observe F．vt.忍受
( )7.reality G．adj.彩色的
( )8.adopt H．adj.当代的
( )9.aim I．adj.令人愉快的；可爱的
( )10.stand J．adj.传统的；习俗的
[答案] 1－5 GHIBJ 6－10 CADEF
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
A．对……厌烦 B．喜欢；喜爱 C．从……可以看出
D．一直；总是 E．对……产生兴趣
1．I've kept on thinking about that all the time. ________
2．You could tell by the mother's expression how happy she was just to be with the child. ________
3．In general，the northerners like dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice. ________
4．In order to learn English well，we'd better develop an interest in English at the beginning. ________
5．They have got tired of the same food every day. ________
[答案] 1－5 DCBEA
A
This is a painting by the Spanish artist, Pablo Picasso，considered to be the greatest western artist of the twentieth century①.Picasso and another painter, George Braque, started Cubism，one of the most important of all modern art movements②. Cubist artists painted objects and people，with different aspects of the object or person showing at the same time③.
A
这是西班牙画家巴勃罗·毕加索的一幅油画，他被认为是20世纪西方最伟大的画家。毕加索和另一位名叫乔治·布拉克的画家创立了立体派，这是所有现代艺术流派中最重要的流派之一。在描绘物体或人的时候，立体派画家会同时展现对象的多个不同侧面。
[助读讲解] ①过去分词短语considered to be ...作后置定语，相当于定语从句who is considered to be ...。②one of ...为名词短语作Cubism的同位语。③with different aspects ...为with复合结构作状语。
B
This painting by contemporary American artist Roy Lichtenstein (1923－1997) is a world famous example of pop art. Pop art(from the word “popular”) was an important modern art movement that aimed to show ordinary twentieth-century city life④. For example, it shows things such as soup cans and advertisements.
B
这幅由美国当代画家洛伊·利希滕斯坦(1923－1997)画的油画是波普艺术闻名于世的典范。波普艺术(此词源自popular)是一个重要的现代艺术流派，着眼于展现20世纪普通的城市生活。比如它会展现一些诸如汤罐头和广告之类的物品。
C
Qi Baishi(1863－1957), one of China's greatest painters, followed the traditional(传统的)Chinese style of painting. Chinese painting is known for its brush drawings in black inks and natural colours.Qi Baishi observed the world of nature very carefully, and his paintings are special because of this.
C
齐白石(1863－1957)是中国最伟大的画家之一，遵循了中国传统的绘画风格。中国画用毛笔蘸黑墨和天然颜料画成，并以此而著称。齐白石观察自然界很细心，他的作品也因此而独树一帜。
D
Xu Beihong(1895－1953) was one of China's best-known twentieth-century artists. Like Qi Baishi, Xu painted in the traditional Chinese style. Both painters have a beautiful brush line. Xu Beihong believed that artists should show reality, but not just imitate it⑤.Instead, a picture should try to show the “life” of its subject.He is most famous⑥for his lively paintings of horses.
D
徐悲鸿(1895－1953)是中国20世纪最著名的画家之一。与齐白石一样，他也遵循了中国传统的绘画风格。他们两个的作品都具有优美的毛笔绘制的线条。徐悲鸿认为画家应该展现现实，而不仅仅是临摹实物。相反，一幅画应该努力展示所画对象的“神韵”。他以能画出栩栩如生的马而著称。
[助读讲解] ④此处为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词an important modern art movement。⑤此处为that引导的宾语从句，作believed的宾语。⑥most famous意为“非常有名”，此处most相当于very。
E
I'm studying art at school, and I enjoy it a lot, although I can get tired of looking at pictures all the time.⑦ I'm crazy about the paintings of Qi Baishi, and this delightful picture of the little shrimps is such a lovely example of his work. But I can't stand that picture of a golden-haired girl. I think it's stupid.
E
我在学校学习艺术，我很开心，虽然老看图可能会看腻。我极喜爱齐白石的画。这幅可爱的小虾作品是展现他作品的生动例子。但我受不了那幅金发女孩儿的画，我认为它看起来挺傻。
F
My parents are fond of going to art galleries and often take me with them, so I've developed an interest in art.I must say⑧， I love that picture of the six horses. They look so alive.It's by a Chinese artist, isn't it？⑨I can tell by the style. I think the painting of the young girl is probably by Picasso.I really like him. I think he's an extraordinary artist.
F
我父母喜欢去美术馆，他们常常带我一起去，我由此对艺术产生了兴趣。我得说我很喜欢那幅画了6匹马的画。它们(那些马)看上去栩栩如生。它是由一位中国画家画的，不是吗？我能通过绘画风格判断出来。那幅年轻女孩儿的画或许是毕加索的作品。我真的喜欢他。我认为他是一位非凡的画家。
[助读讲解] ⑦本句为并列复合句，and连接并列分句，后一个分句中包含一个although引导的让步状语从句。⑧I must say用于强调，意为“我得说”。⑨本句为反义疑问句，前面为肯定时，附加疑问句为否定形式。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P33教材课文，匹配段落大意
1．Para.1 A．something about China's great painter
—Qi Baishi
2．Para.2 B．another China's best-known artist Xu Beihong
3．Para.3 C．Sarah loves the picture of the six horses
4．Para.4 D．something about pop artist —American
artist Roy Lichtenstein
5．Para.5 E．Wu Hang likes the paintings of Qi Baishi
6．Para.6 F．something about Cubist artists Picasso
and Braque
[答案] 1－6 FDABEC
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P33教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．In Picasso's paintings， ．
A．we can see mountain landscapes
B．we can see a person from different ways
C．we can see natural sceneries
D．we can see beautiful city life
2．What is the main character of Roy's paintings?
A．They are the famous examples of the twenty-first century art.
B．They can show different sides of a thing or a man in the same picture.
C．They attempted to show ordinary people's life in cities.
D．They are drawn mainly for advertisements.
3．Qi Baishi's paintings are special because of his ．
A．special painting style
B．traditional painting style
C．careful observation of the nature
D．brush drawings in black inks and natural colours
4．The paintings by Xu Beihong often make us ．
A．quiet B．energetic
C．romantic D．realistic
5．Wu Hang and Sarah Hardwick have the opinion of the painting of the young girl.
A．same B．objective
C．similar D．opposite
[答案] 1－5 BCCBD
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P33教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Picasso was considered 1.to be(be) the greatest western artist of the twentieth century，2.who was a Spanish artist. Picasso and another painter，George Braque，3.started (start) Cubism.
Roy Lichtenstein was a contemporary American artist. His works aimed 4.to show (show) ordinary twentieth-century city life.
Qi Baishi was one of the China's 5.greatest (great) painters. He followed the 6.traditional (tradition) Chinese style of painting. Chinese painting 7.is known (know) for its brush drawings in black inks and natural colours. Qi Baishi's paintings are special 8.because he observed the world of nature very carefully.
Xu Beihong was one of the China's best-known twentieth-century 9.artists (art)，who is most famous 10.for his lively paintings of horses.
课件40张PPT。Module 4 Fine Arts—Western,Chinese and Pop Arts2345678The style of smile of Mona Lisa.9Section Ⅰ Warming Up，Pre-reading & Reading10111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637to bewhostarted 38to showgreatesttraditionalis knownbecause39artistsforThank you for watching !Section Ⅱ Learning about Language
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．She observed(注意到) a man walking on the opposite side of the road.
2．The reality(现实) is that there is not enough money to pay for this big house.
3．It was the kind of morning when you wake up and feel really alive(有活力的)．
4．In what aspect(方面) of your job have you seen the greatest changes?
5．Although it was written hundreds of years ago, it still has a(n)contemporary(当代的) feel to it.
6．It is said that this new kind of products has adopted nanotechnology(纳米技术)．
7．The factory must aim at developing new models of machines.
8．The beautiful scene of children playing in the garden made me think of my childhood.
9．She's a very popular writer but I just don't like her style．
10．There is so much noise outside the classroom that I could hardly stand it.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．art n．艺术→artist n．艺术家
2．colour n．颜色→colourful adj.彩色的
3．delight n．高兴；愉快vt.使高兴；使愉快→delighted adj.高兴的→delightful adj.令人愉快的；可爱的
4．tradition n．传统→traditional adj.传统的；习俗的
5．usual adj.通常的；平常的→unusual adj.不寻常的；非凡的
前缀a-形容词大全
否定前缀un-形容词一览
asleep睡着的
awake醒着的
alike相似的
afraid害怕的
alone单独的
unfit不合适的
uncomfortable不舒服的
unfriendly不友善的
unfortunate不幸的
unsuccessful不成功的
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．be/get tired of 对……厌烦
2．be fond of 喜欢；喜爱
3．tell by 从……可以看出
4．all the time 一直；总是
5．develop an interest in 对……产生兴趣
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．My father often takes me to galleries to help me develop an interest in art.
2. I am getting tired of having noodles for breakfast every morning.
3．I got the two of them mixed up all the time，for they're so similar.
4．I can tell by his accent that he is a foreigner.
5．I like listening to classical music while my sister is fond of pop music.
“对……厌烦”短语集锦
time短语一览
be/get tired of厌烦……
be bored with 对……厌烦
be fed up with 对……厌烦
all the time 一直；总是
at the same time同时
at a time 每次，一次
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.This is a painting by the Spanish artist, Pablo Picasso, considered to be the greatest western artist of the twentieth century.
这是西班牙画家巴勃罗·毕加索的一幅油画，他被认为是20世纪西方最伟大的画家。
consider ... (to be) adj./n.认为……是……。
我们都认为图书馆是公共事业的一个重要组成部分。
We all consider the library to be/as an important part of public service.
2.Cubist artists painted objects and people，with different aspects of the object or person showing at the same time.
在描绘物体或人的时候，立体派画家会同时展现对象的多个不同侧面。
with复合结构。
他躺在地上，眼睛望着天空。
He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky.
3.It's by a Chinese artist，isn't it？
它是由一位中国画家画的，不是吗？
反意疑问句。
他没有通过这次英语考试，是吗？
He hasn't passed the English exam，has he？
delightful adj.令人愉快的；可爱的
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解A)I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words.
我曾经就童话对Roald Dahl的作品的影响写过一篇论文，这使我对他的奇特而令人愉快的文字有了新的理解。
(1)delight n． [U]高兴，喜悦；[C]使人高兴的事
vt.& vi. (使)高兴
to one's delight 使某人高兴的是
take delight in 以……为乐；喜欢 (做)……
(2)delighted adj. 高兴的，愉快的，快乐的
be delighted to do sth. 很高兴做某事
①She is a kind-hearted lady with a positive attitude toward life because she takes delight in helping others.
她是一个热心善良、积极面对人生的女士，因为她以帮助别人为乐。
②To my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
让我高兴的是，我从成百上千的参加者中被选中参加开幕式。
③The professor was delighted to find(find) that the project had been finished by the students independently.
教授高兴地发现学生们已独立完成了该项目。
adopt vt.采用；采纳；收养
(教材P32)a style of painting adopted by a group of artists
一种被一群艺术家所采用的绘画风格
(1)adopt an idea/a plan 采纳意见/计划
adopt an approach/attitude 采取一种方法/态度
adopt a son 收养一个儿子
(2)adopted adj. 领养的；收养的
adoption n. 采用；采纳；过继
①He decided to adopt a new approach to teaching languages.
他决定采用一种新的语言教学法。
②Mr. White is the adopted son of Mrs. Joanna, who adopted him when his parents died 20 years ago.(adopt)
怀特先生是乔安娜女士的养子，20年前他的父母去世时，乔安娜收养了他。
③We will encourage a wider adoption(adopt) of this method.
我们将鼓励更广泛地采用这种方法。
[明辨异同] adopt/adapt
adopt
采用；采纳；收养。
adapt
使……适应；改编，改写。常见搭配：adapt to适应；adapt oneself to使自己适应……
用adopt/adapt的适当形式填空
④The young couple adopted the suggestion that they should adopt an orphan. After a few months, the adopted child adapted to his new life.
aim vi.以……为目标；打算；意欲
n．[C]目标，目的；[U]瞄准，对准
(教材P33)Pop art (from the word“popular”)was an important modern art movement that aimed to show ordinary twentieth-century city life.
波普艺术(此词源自popular)是一个重要的现代艺术流派，着眼于展现20世纪普通的城市生活。
(1)aim to do sth.＝aim at doing sth.
目标是……；旨在做……，力争做……
aim sth.at... 把……瞄准……
(2)take aim at 瞄准；对准
with the aim of 为了……
(3)aimless adj. 漫无目的的
①He aimed his gun at the bird, fired but missed it.
他用枪瞄准那只鸟，开火却未打中。
②The little boy aimed to climb(climb) up to the top of the hill, and at last he achieved his aim．
这个小男孩力争要爬到山顶，最后他完成了自己的目标。
③The band is touring the country with the aim of promoting the new album.
这支乐队在全国巡演，旨在宣传新专辑。
observe vt.注意，观察；遵守(法律、习俗等)；庆祝(节日)
(教材P33)Qi Baishi observed the world of nature very carefully, and his paintings are special because of this.
齐白石观察自然界很细心，他的作品也因此而独树一帜。
写出下列句中observe的含义
①The scientist devoted most of his life to observing the behavior of the chimps.观察
②Anyone who comes here must observe the rules.遵守
③Could you tell me how you usually observe Thanksgiving Day in your country？庆祝
④I observed him put the watch into his pocket.注意到
observe that... 注意到……
observe sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事
observe sb.do sth. 看到某人做了某事
observe sb./sth.done 注意到某人/某物被……
⑤The teacher observed that the girl was not listening and was lost in thought.
老师注意到那个女孩没有在听课，正在沉思。
⑥When I passed by his house, I observed him playing(play) in the yard.
当我从他房子旁经过时，我看到他正在院子里玩。
[名师点津]
observe sb. do sth.结构如果改成被动语态，应补上省略的to, 即sb. be observed to do sth.。
⑦The man was observed to enter(enter)the bank by the police.
警方注意到那男子进入了银行。
get/be tired of对……厌烦
(教材P33)I'm studying art at school, and I enjoy it a lot, although I can get tired of looking at pictures all the time.
我在学校学习艺术，我很开心，虽然老看图可能会看腻。
(1)be/get tired with/from 因……而疲惫
tire sb. out 使某人精疲力竭
be tired out 精疲力竭
(2)tiring adj. 令人厌烦的
①You may be tired with/from reading, but you should not be tired of it.
看书可能使你疲劳， 但不应该对看书感到厌烦。
②He looks tired out. Let him have a good rest.
他看起来累坏了，让他好好休息吧。
③Tired of the tiring speech, he looked out of the window.(tire)
由于厌烦了那令人厌烦的演讲，他朝窗外看去。
stand vt. 忍受；经受 vi. 站立；位于
n. 看台；立场
(教材P33)But I can't stand that picture of a golden-haired girl.
但我受不了那幅金发女孩儿的画。
①She can't stand being kept standing.
她不能忍受久站。
②He can't stand working(work) in the heat for several hours.
他忍受不了在酷热中工作好几个小时。
③We are not prepared to stand by and let them close our schools.
我们不会袖手旁观，任凭他们关闭我们的学校。
alive adj.有活力的；有生气的；活着的；仍然存在的
(教材P33)They look so alive.
它们(那些马)看上去栩栩如生。
①To live is not just to be alive, but to be alive is to live.(Roman Roland)
生活不只是为了活着，但活着就是为了生活。(罗曼·罗兰)
[明辨异同] alive/live/living
alive
“活着的”，侧重说明生与死之间的界限，可用于修饰人或物，可作表语、宾补或后置定语，还表示“有活力的，有生气的”。
live
表示“活的”，通常作前置定语修饰动物，还表示“现场直播的”。
living
作表语或定语。指“所有的生物”要用“all living things”；表示“活着的人”，要用“the living”。
(alive/living/live)
②I watched a live TV program yesterday evening. There was a boy liking all living things. He kept a live fish in a small jar. He decided to free it and kept the fish alive in the river.
昨晚我观看了一个直播的电视节目，有一个男孩喜欢所有的生物，他在一个小缸里养了一条活鱼，他打算把鱼放生让鱼在河里自由自在的生活。
tell by从……中可以看出；辨别出
(教材P33)I can tell by the style.
我能通过绘画风格判断出来。
tell A from B 把A 和B 区分开
tell...apart 区分
tell the difference between A and B
区别A 和B之间的不同
①Don't tell a person by his or her appearance.
不要以貌取人。
②Can you tell the difference between the two pictures?
你能辨别这两幅画的不同吗？
③—Can you tell Tom from his twin brother?
——你能区分汤姆和他的孪生弟弟吗？
—It's difficult to tell (tell) them apart because they are alike in many aspects.
——因为他们在很多方面都很像，所以很难把他们区分开来。
(教材P33)This is a painting by the Spanish artist, Pablo Picasso, considered to be the greatest western artist of the twentieth century．
这是西班牙画家巴勃罗·毕加索的一幅油画，他被认为是20世纪西方最伟大的画家。
【要点提炼】 句中considered to be the greatest western artist of the twentieth century为过去分词短语作定语，修饰Pablo Picasso, 相当于定语从句who was considered to be...。
(1)consider＋sb./sth.＋(to be)adj./n.
认为……是……
consider it ＋adj./n.＋to do sth. 认为做某事……
(2)consider doing sth. 考虑做某事
consider＋疑问词＋to do 考虑做……
①We all considered him (to be/as) the best person for the job.
我们都认为他是这项工作最合适的人选。
②I consider it a great honour to be invited(invite)．
能被邀请，我倍感荣幸。
③I would be grateful if you would consider employing(employ) me in your company.
如果贵公司考虑录用我，我会非常感激。
④I wonder if you have considered how to get(get) there.
我想知道你是否考虑好如何去那儿。
1．(教材P33)This is a painting by the Spanish artist, Pablo Picasso, considered to be the greatest western artist of the twentieth century.
【分析】 本句的主体是This is a painting，by the Spanish artist是介词短语作后置定语，Pablo Picasso是the Spanish artist的同位语，而considered to be the greatest western artist of the twentieth century为过去分词短语作后置定语。
【翻译】 这是西班牙画家巴勃罗·毕加索的一幅油画，他被认为是20世纪西方最伟大的画家。
2．(教材P33)I'm studying art at school, and I enjoy it a lot, although I can get tired of looking at pictures all the time.
【分析】 本句为and连接的并列句，在and后面的分句中包含一个although引导的让步状语从句。
【翻译】 我在学校学习艺术，我很开心，虽然老看图可能会看腻。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．How could you stand by when I was in trouble?
2．Some students even have no idea of why they are studying, so they are aimless (aim) most of the time.
3．The reform and open policy has brought us Chinese people a rich and colourful(colour) life.
4．The two football players seemed like enemies on the field, but in reality they were good friends.
5．Mr. Wang is an expert in computer programming, so you should consider asking (ask) him for help.
6．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空改编)They also shared with us many traditional(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were hugely popular with tourists.
7．He observed a stranger hanging (hang) around the shop at 12 p．m. last night.
8．It is really an honour to have had a delightful (delight) talk with the president, which I will value forever.
9．The boy was adopted by the kind old woman at the age of five. The adoption changed his whole life.(adopt)
10．You can tell by the way it walks that the dog has been injured.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．He sat there, with his eyes looked at the sky.looked→looking
2．We consider necessary to tell him about it.consider后加it
3．I observed him to enter the office with a book in his hand.去掉to
4．He tried to learn Greek but soon got tired with it and gave it up.with→of
5．I bought two alive fish in the market yesterday.
alive→live
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．他是一位受到大家爱戴和尊敬的老人。
He is an old man loved and respected by all．(love)
2．这两处签名非常接近， 你能把它们区分开来吗？
These two signatures are very similar, can you tell them apart？(tell)
3．他是有高度自尊的人，因此不允许在公共场合被嘲笑。
He is a man of strong self-respect, so he can't stand being laughed at in public. (stand)
4．妈妈站在身后，那个女孩感到很安全。
The girl felt very safe with her mother standing behind her.(with)
5．这项新的措施旨在改进两国之间的关系。
The new measure is aimed at improving/aimed to improve relations between the two countries.(aim)
课件58张PPT。SectionⅡ Learning about LanguageModule 4 Fine Arts—Western,Chinese and Pop Arts23observedreality4aliveaspectcontemporary5adoptedaimscenestylestand6artistcolourfuldelightfultraditionalunusual78ofofbyallin9develop aninterest ingetting tired of10all the timetell byis fond of1112consider thelibrary to be/as13with his eyes lookingat the sky14has he15161718To19to find202122adoptedadoptedadoption2324adoptedadoptadoptedadapted252627to climbachieved his aimwith2829观察遵守庆祝注意到3031playing32to enter333435outTiredtiring3637workingstand383940livelivinglivealive4142betweenfromto tell434445to be invitedemploying46to get47484950byaimless colourful51inaskingtraditional52hangingdelightfulwas adoptedadoptionby53looked→lookingconsider后加it去掉towith→ofalive→live54loved and respected by alltell them apart55can't stand beinglaughed atwith her mother standing56aimed at improving/aimed to improve57点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !Section Ⅲ Grammar——动名词和不定式作宾语&动名词作主语
语 境 自 主 领 悟
先观察原句
①Pop art (from the word “popular”)was an important modern art movement that aimed to show ordinary twentieth-century city life.
② I'm studying art at school, and I enjoy it a lot, although I can get tired of looking at pictures all the time.
③My parents are fond of going to art galleries and often take me with them, so I've developed an interest in art.
④Instead, a picture should try to show the “life” of its subject.
⑤Painting is difficult for me.
⑥Learning to paint well takes a long time.
后自主感悟
1.例句②③中的介词后接动词-ing形式作宾语。
2.例句①④中的动词后接不定式作宾语。
3.例句⑤⑥中的动词-ing形式在句中作主语。
一、动名词和不定式作宾语
1．只跟动名词作宾语的常见动词或短语：suggest, finish, practice, avoid, miss, enjoy, imagine, admit, consider(考虑), escape, risk, mind, stand(忍受)，allow, advise, forbid, permit, put off, give up, keep on, feel like, be used to doing, look forward to, protect/prevent...from等。
We should avoid making the same mistakes in the exam.
我们应该避免在考试中犯同样的错误。
We have to prevent the air from being polluted.
我们必须阻止空气被污染。
It's quite hot today. Do you feel like going for a swim?
今天很热。你愿意去游泳吗？
(1)allow, advise, forbid, permit这些动词，如果后面有宾语，则要接动词不定式作宾语补足语。
The doctor advised me to take a few days' rest.
医生建议我休息几天。
(2)在下列句型中也要用动名词作宾语：
be worth doing... 值得做……
What/How about doing...? 做……怎么样？
have difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing...做……有困难
2．只跟不定式作宾语的动词：afford, agree, decide, determine(决心), expect, aim, afford, hope, manage, refuse, want, wish, offer, promise, pretend等。
I can't afford to go on vacation this summer.
今年夏天我没钱去度假。
He decided to go abroad for further education.
他决定去国外深造。
3．接不定式/动名词时意义差别不大的动词。
(1)hate, like, love, prefer后，表示习惯性或经常性的行为，通常多用动名词作宾语；表示特定的、具体的或一次性的活动时则多用不定式作宾语。
I like watching TV, but I don't like to do that this evening because I am too busy.
我喜欢看电视，但我不喜欢今晚看，因为我太忙。
(2)begin, start, continue等后接不定式或动名词作宾语时意义差别不大。
Tom began to learn/learning how to use a computer.
汤姆开始学习如何使用电脑。
4．接不定式或动名词作宾语且意义差别大的动词。
remember to do 记住要做……
remember doing 记得做过……
forget to do 忘记做……
forget doing 忘记做过……
regret to do 遗憾做……
regret doing 后悔做过……
try to do 努力去做……
try doing 试着做……
mean to do 打算、想要做……
mean doing 意味着……
go on to do 接着做(另一件事)
go on doing 继续做(同一件事)
can't help to do 不能帮忙做……
can't help doing 禁不住做……
The teacher regretted to tell Tom he didn't pass the exam, and Tom regretted not studying hard.
老师遗憾地告诉汤姆他没通过考试，汤姆后悔没有努力学习。
5．need, require, want表示“需要”时，后面接动名词，表示被动含义，相当于接不定式的被动形式(to be done)。
The condition of this car is so serious. It really needs repairing/to be repaired before driving on the road again.
这辆车的状况是如此糟糕，它再次上路前确实需要维修一下。
[即时演练1] 单句语法填空
①All the staff in our company are considering going(go)to the city centre for the fashion show.
②—Robert is indeed a wise man.
—Oh，yes. How often I have regretted not taking(take) his advice!
③You can't imagine what difficulty we had walking(walk)home in the snowstorm.
二、动名词作主语
1．动名词作主语通常表示一般性、习惯性的动作，且谓语动词一般用单数。
Going to Hangzhou by train takes about 10 hours from here.
从这儿乘火车到杭州大约要10个小时。
2．动名词作主语，且主语较长时，为了平衡句子结构，通常用it 作形式主语。常见句式：
It's no use/no good doing sth.做某事没有用处/好处
It's a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间的
It's useless/worthwhile doing sth.做某事是没用的/值得的
It is a waste of time trying persuading such a person.
试图说服这样的一个人是浪费时间。
It is no good eating too much sweet food.
吃太多的甜食没有好处。
[名师点津]
动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。
To finish the work in a week is impossible.
一周内完成工作是不可能的。
[即时演练2] 单句语法填空
①It is no use complaining(complain) without taking any action.
②Nodding (nod)the head means saying “yes” in China.
③Planning so far ahead makes(make) no sense－so many things will have changed by next year.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The boy stopped to pick (pick) up a purse on the ground and handed it to a policeman.
2．It's very nice today. I feel like taking (take) a walk for some fresh air.
3．He never remembered to lock (lock) the door when he went out.
4．My grandfather is a millionaire，but having money does (do) not solve all his problems.
5．In order to avoid being caught (catch) by the coming policemen, the thief quickly jumped out of the window.
6．In my opinion，having (have) a meeting to settle the problem is a proper way.
7．I'll need to know (know) your decision by next week.
8．As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need to be painted/painting (paint)．
9．She remembered seeing (see) him play football an hour ago.
10．It is a waste of time discussing (discuss) such matters with him.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．As for me, read a good book is just like talking with a learned person.read→reading
2．I'm sorry I can't help preparing the dinner—I have an important meeting.preparing→to prepare
3．We agree help the old people do some housework on weekends.help前加to
4．The day we had been looking forward to coming at last.coming→came
5．I appreciate your helped me out of the trouble.helped→helping
6．He wanted teach me about animals, insects and trees.wanted后加to
7．I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.sit→sitting
8．Later I became used to talk with people from various cultures.talk→talking
9．Leaving the less important things until tomorrow are often acceptable.are→is
10．The trees need watered.watered→watering
课件29张PPT。Section Ⅲ Grammar——动名词和不定式作宾语&动名词作主语Module 4 Fine Arts—Western,Chinese and Pop Arts234动词-ing不定式主语5678910111213141516goingtakingwalking1718192021complainingNoddingmakes2223to picktakingto lock24doesbeing caughthavingto know25to be painted/paintingseeingdiscussing26read→readingpreparing→to preparehelp前加to27coming→camehelped→helpingwanted后加to28sit→sittingtalk→talkingare→iswatered→wateringThank you for watching !Section Ⅳ Using Language
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P39教材课文，回答下面的问题
What does the author write the passage for?
He writes the passage mainly to tell of Picasso's life experiences.
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P39教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．Picasso's blue period stands for ．
A．poor, happy people
B．wealthy, unhappy people
C．poor, unhappy people
D．wealthy, happy people
2．When did Picasso move to France?
A．In the early 1890s. B．When he was 16.
C．In the early 1900s. D．When he was 10.
3．From the text, we can learn that Picasso ．
A. didn't show a great talent for painting until he was 16
B．was born in Spain but left his country in his thirties
C．painted happier things in his first period
D．painted in brown and grey in his third period
[答案] 1－3 CCD
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P39教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
It is agreed 1.that Picasso, who lived from 1881 to 1973, is 2.the twentieth-century's greatest western artist. He was born in Spain and 3.at the age of ten was already an excellent 4.artist(art). He studied art in Spain, but 5.moved(move) to France, in his early 6.twenties(twenty). He once painted a series of pictures where the main colour was blue. These pictures showed poor, 7.unhappy(happy) people and are known as Picasso's “blue period”. Later he painted much 8.happier(happy) pictures in the colour pink. This period 9.was known(know) as Picasso's “pink period”. He and another Spanish artist started an important new artistic movement 10.called(call) Cubism.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．At the top of the hill you can look down on the peaceful and beautiful landscape(风景)．
2．I, together with my parents, will go to see the air exhibition(展览) to be held in Zhuhai in 2020.
3．We bought a lovely watercolour(水彩画) by a famous artist yesterday.
4．So long as we students work hard, our aim of going to college will surely be realised(实现)．
5．“I don't understand，”he said, with an expression of complete surprise.
6．Most buildings in my hometown were destroyed by the sudden earthquake last year.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．exhibit v．展出→exhibition n．展览
2．express v．表达；表示→expression n．表现；表达
3．realise vt.领悟；了解；实现；实行→reality n．真实；现实；逼真→realistic adj.现实主义的；写实主义的
4．destroy vt.破坏；毁坏→destruction n．破坏；毁坏→destructive adj.毁灭性的
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．put off 推迟；延期
2．take turns 轮流
3．at one's best 处于最佳状态
4．in one's twenties 在某人20多岁时
5．a series of 一系列
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．Can you see the long queue there? All the children are taking turns to ride the horse.
2．Our school had to put off the sports meeting because of the heavy rain last week.
3．The students have put forward a series of questions about how to learn English well.
4．It was spring then and the blossom was at its best．
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.What do you make of(it)？
你认为(它)怎么样？
What do you make of ...？
你觉得……怎么样？
你对现在的房价怎么看？
What do you make of the housing price now？
2.From 1902 to 1904 he painted a series of pictures where the main colour was blue.
在1902年到1904年间，他画了一系列以蓝色为主色调的作品。
where引导定语从句。
创造一种让所有的员工都认为是这个团队的一部分的工作氛围是一个很大的挑战。
Creating an atmosphere where employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
3.In this painting, Picasso showed his feelings about what had happened to the town.
在这幅画里，毕加索对这座城镇所发生的一切流露出了自己的真挚情感。
what引导宾语从句。
我说话总是很谨慎，因为一些无心的话可能会伤害到别人的感情。
I'm always cautious about what I say because some careless remarks are likely to hurt others' feelings.
put off推迟；延期(后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语)
(教材P35)She put off visiting the art gallery next week.
她推迟了下周参观美术馆的计划。
put out 熄灭；扑灭
put on 穿上；上演
put away 放好(某物), 储存
put up 举起；张贴，搭建，提供膳宿
put down 放下；写下；镇压
①I can't put off going to the dentist any longer.
我不能再拖着不去看牙医了。
②How much have you put away for your holiday?
你已经为度假存了多少钱？
③Before the firefighters arrived, the fire had been put out．
在消防员到达之前，火已经被扑灭了。
expression n. 表现；表达；表情
(教材P36)The expression on her face is very friendly.
她脸上的表情很友好。
(1)beyond expression 无法形容；无法表达
without expression 面无表情地
(2)express v. 表达；表现
express oneself 表达自己(的想法和感受)
①I decided to go to the meeting as an expression of support.
我决定去参加会议以表示支持。
②The scenery in my hometown is beautiful beyond expression.
我家乡的景色美得无法形容。
③He can express himself(he) in good clear English now after four years' hard learning.
经过四年的艰苦学习，现在他能用清楚流畅的英语表达自己的意思了。
realise/realize vt.意识到；实现；领悟
(教材P36)When you realise something, you notice something that you didn't notice or understand before.
当你意识到某些东西时，你注意到了你以前没有注意到或没有理解的某些东西。
(1)realise one's dream/goal/hope
实现某人的梦想/目标/愿望
come true＝be realized 实现
(2)reality n. 现实
in reality 事实上
turn...into reality 把……变成现实
①If you work hard with a strong will, your dream will certainly be realized/come true.
只要努力工作，并坚定决心，你的梦想一定会实现的。
②In my opinion, people need to learn to accept the reality(realize) and keep on trying.
在我看来，人必须学会接受现实，并不断努力。
[语境助记]
In reality, only when the man realizes his goal can be realized will he work hard to turn it into reality.
事实上，只有当一个人意识到他的目标能实现时，他才会努力想把它变成现实。
take turns轮流
(教材P37)Take turns to ask your questions.
轮流提问题。
(1)take turns to do sth./doing sth. 轮流做某事
(2)by turns 轮流
in turn 依次；轮流；反过来
(3)It is one's turn to do sth. 该轮到某人做某事了
①We took turns driving on the way up to Canada.
在去加拿大的途中，我们轮流开车。
②Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.
理论以实践为基础，反过来理论又为实践服务。
③The two daughters looked after their sick mother by turns.
两个女儿轮流照顾生病的母亲。
(教材P38)What do you make of(it)?
你认为(它)怎么样？
【要点提炼】 What do you make of...？意为“你觉得……怎么样？”其中make of表示“了解；理解；认为”。
表示“你认为……怎么样？”的句型还有：
What do you think of...?
What's your opinion of...?
How do you like/find...?
How do you feel about...?
①I didn't make much of his speech，did you?
我听不懂他的演讲，你呢？
②What do you think of the final of Sing! China of 2019?
＝How do you like/find the final of Sing! China of 2019?
＝What is your opinion of the final of Sing! China of 2019?
你认为2019年的《中国新歌声》怎么样？
(教材P39)In this painting, Picasso showed his feelings about what had happened to the town．
在这幅画里，毕加索对这座城镇所发生的一切流露出了自己的真挚情感。
【要点提炼】 句中what had happened to the town为what引导的宾语从句，作介词about的宾语。
(1)what引导的宾语从句的语序为陈述语序，what在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
(2)what还可以引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
①What you have done might do harm to other people.
你所做的事可能会对别人有害。
②She is no longer what she used to be.
她已不是过去的她了。
[名师点津]
what引导名词性从句时，既起引导词的作用，又在所引导的句子中作句子成分(主语、表语或宾语)；that在它引导的名词性从句中不作成分，只起引导作用。
③What he said made me angry.
他说的话使我气愤。
④That he said so made me angry.
他这样说使我气愤。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．There will be an exhibition (exhibit) of the development of automobile industry in our country next week.
2．—What do you make of the jazz band?
—Great! It is always bringing us surprise.
3．We took turns to drive (drive) the car so that we could each have a rest.
4．Choosing the right dictionary depends on what you want to use it for.
5．In the course of the experiments, they came across a series of new problems.
6．They decided to put off holding(hold) their wedding until next year.
7．With more and more forests destroyed (destroy), we must take actions to protect our earth!
8．In the 1980s, when he was already in his thirties (thirty), he started to learn painting.
9．We can see from the expression(express) on his face that everything is going on well.
10．These artists painted realistic(realise) pictures of the lives of the common people.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The two doctors took turn to look after the wounded boy and were deeply moved by his brave behavior.turn→turns
2．We will put on the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.on→off
3．Tom has always dreamed of coming to China, and now his dream has realized.第二个has后加been
4．How do you make of this latest idea？How→What
5．I don't know what this happened.what→how
课件43张PPT。Module 4 Fine Arts—Western,Chinese and Pop ArtsSection Ⅳ Using Language23He writes the passage mainly to tell of Picasso's life experiences.4567thattheatartistmovedtwenties8unhappyhappierwas knowncalled910landscapeexhibition11watercolourrealisedexpressiondestroyed12exhibitionexpressionrealiserealisticdestroy13offturnsatina14taking turnsput offa series ofat its best15What do you make of16employees feel part of a team17what I say18192021awayout2223beyondhimself242526reality272829inby303132WhatHowWhat3334what353637exhibition Whatto drive38whataholdingdestroyed39thirtiesexpressionrealistic40turn→turnson→off41第二个has后加beenHow→Whatwhat→how42点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !Section Ⅴ Writing——表达艺术喜好的议论文
[文体指导]
描述艺术喜好的内容及结构一般为：论点(提出观点即艺术作品比较受欢迎)——论证(描述其重要特征，讲明该艺术作品受欢迎的原因)——结论(观点和评价)。
描述艺术喜好时一般以现在时和过去时相结合为主。人称一般以第一和第三人称为主。描述时从逻辑上讲要做到论据充分，论证合理，确保内容直接为主题句服务：从语言上讲要简洁得当，多用书面语，以增强文章的可信度。
点明主题(可用于开头或结尾)：
1．Art plays an important role in my life.
2．My life won't be so interesting without art.
3．Art is to me what water is to fish.
4．Art brightens my life.
5．Art makes my life more colorful.
细节阐述：
6．When I was...,I learnt to...
7．I developed the interest in art when I was.../at the age of...
8．When I am unhappy, I will turn to art for joy.
9．When I am ill, art can make me...
10．Looking at the...,I may feel full of energy.
11．The reason why I like/am fond of art is that...
12．I want to be an artist like...
你的笔友Bob在2018年春节期间来中国旅游，看到好多地方都贴着“鲤鱼跳龙门”这幅年画，但他看不懂图画的内容，请你给他简单描述图画内容，并说明中国人喜爱这幅画的理由。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．参考词汇：鲤鱼carp(单复数同形)；龙门Dragon Gate；湍急的swift；毅力perseverance
体裁
议论文
时态
一般现在时
主题
艺术喜好
人称
第三人称
结构
第一部分： 引入主题。
第二部分：介绍“鲤鱼跳龙门”这幅年画。
第三部分：阐述中国人喜欢这幅画的原因。
Ⅰ.对接模块词汇
1．traditional adj. 传统的
2．alive adj. 有活力的；有生气的
3．realise vt. 实现
4．be fond of 喜欢
Ⅱ. 巧用模块句式、语法
(一)完成句子
1．这是一幅传统的中国民间画，被称为“鲤鱼跳龙门”。
This is a traditional Chinese folk picture and it is known as “Carp jumping over the Dragon Gate”．
2．这幅画深受中国人的欢迎和喜爱。
This picture is popular and deeply loved by Chinese people.
3．你可以看到一条红鲤鱼正跃过大门。
You can see a red carp jumping over a gate.
4．这幅画意味着你应该努力工作以使梦想成真。
The picture means that you should work hard in order to make your dream realised．
5．这就是中国人非常喜欢这幅画的原因。
This is the reason why Chinese people appreciate this picture very much.
(二)句式升级
6．用过去分词短语作定语和非限制性定语从句合并句1和句2
This is a traditional Chinese folk picture, known as “Carp jumping over the Dragon Gate”， which is popular and deeply loved by Chinese people.
7．用表语从句改写句5
That's why Chinese people appreciate it very much.
[参考范文]
This is a traditional Chinese folk picture, known as“Carp jumping over the Dragon Gate”，which is popular and deeply loved by Chinese people.
You can see a red carp jumping over a gate. It looks wonderfully alive. As the legend goes, the carp in the Yellow River wanted to achieve their goal. They tried to jump over the swift river again and again and one finally succeeded and became a real “dragon”．
The picture means that you should work hard in order to make your dream realised.It is a symbol of courage, perseverance, and achievement as well as good luck. That's why Chinese people are fond of it very much.
课件19张PPT。Section Ⅴ Writing——表达艺术喜好的议论文Module 4 Fine Arts—Western,Chinese and Pop Arts234567891011traditional
alive
realise
be fond of12is known asis popular and deeply loved13see a red carp jumping overmake your dream realisedwhy Chinese people appreciate this picture14This is a traditional Chinese folk picture, known as “Carp jumping
over the Dragon Gate”， which is popular and deeply loved by
Chinese people.That's why Chinese people appreciate it very much.15161718点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !
【导读】 《战争与和平》是俄罗斯作家列夫·托尔斯泰历时13年之久完成的一部伟大作品。它以战争为中心，以库拉金、包尔康斯基、劳斯托夫、别竺豪夫四家贵族的生活为线索，展示了19世纪最初15年的俄国历史，描绘了各个阶级的生活，是一部再现当时社会风貌的恢宏史诗。
War and Peace (Excerpt)
“WELL, PRINCE, Genoa and Lucca are now no more than private estates of the Bonaparte family. No, I warn you，that if you do not tell me we are at war, if you again allow yourself to palliate all the infamies and atrocities of this Antichrist (upon my word, I believe he is), I don't know you in future, you are no longer my friend, no longer my faithful slave, as you say. There, how do you do, how do you do? I see I'm scaring you, sit down and talk to me.”
These words were uttered in July 1805 by Anna Pavlovna Scherer, a distinguished lady of the court, and confidential maid-of-honour to the Empress Marya Fyodorovna. It was her greeting to Prince Vassily, a man high in rank and office, who was the first to arrive at her soiree·. Anna Pavlovna had been coughing for the last few days; she had an attack of la grippe，as she said—grippe was then a new word only used by a few people. In the notes she had sent round in the morning by a footman in red livery, she had written to all indiscriminately：“If you have nothing better to do, count (or prince), and if the prospect of spending an evening with a poor invalid is not too alarming to you, I shall be charmed to see you at my house between 7 and 10. Annette Scherer.”
“Heavens, what a violent outburst！”the prince responded，not in the least disconcerted at such a reception. He was wearing an embroidered(绣花的)court uniform, stockings and slippers, and had stars on his breast, and a bright smile on his flat face.
He spoke in that elaborately choice French, in which our forefathers not only spoke but thought, and with those slow，patronising(傲慢的)intonations peculiar to a man of importance who has grown old in court society.
战争与和平(节选)
“啊，公爵，热那亚和卢加现在是波拿巴家族的领地，不过，我得事先对您说，如果您不对我说我们这里处于战争状态，如果您还敢袒护这个基督的敌人(我确实相信，他是一个基督的敌人)的种种卑劣行径和他一手造成的灾祸，那么我就不再管您。您就不再是我的朋友，您就不再是，如您所说的，我的忠实的奴隶。啊，您好，您好。我看我正在吓唬您，请坐，讲给我听。”
1805年7月，遐迩闻名的安娜·帕夫洛夫娜·舍列尔——皇后玛丽亚·费奥多罗夫娜的宫廷女官和心腹，在欢迎首位莅临晚会的达官显要瓦西里公爵时说过这番话。安娜·帕夫洛夫娜一连咳嗽几天了。正如她所说，她身患流行性感冒(那时候，流行性感冒是个新词，只有少数人才用它)。她在清早由一名红衣听差分别发出的便函中，千篇一律地写道：“伯爵(或公爵)，如您意下尚无任何可取的娱乐，如今天晚上这个可怜的女病人的症候不致使您过分惧怕，则请于七时至十时间莅临寒舍，不胜雀跃。安娜·舍列尔。”
“我的天，大打出手，好不激烈！”公爵答道，对这种接见丝毫不感到困惑。他穿着绣花的宫廷礼服、长筒袜子、短靴，佩戴着多枚星形勋章，扁平的面部流露出愉快的表情。
他讲的是优雅的法语，我们的祖辈不仅借助它来说话，而且借助它来思考，他说起话来语速缓慢，带有高人一等的特有腔调，那是上流社会和宫廷中德高望重的老年人独具的语调。
[知识积累]
1．palliate vt. 掩饰
2．faithful adj. 忠实的
3．scare vt. 吓唬
4．distinguished adj. 高贵的
5．confidential adj. 机密的；受信任的
[文化链接]
《战争与和平》对19世纪初俄国的政治、军事和社会生活作了全面的反映。在政治和军事上，托尔斯泰把表现的重心放在1812年的俄国卫国战争上。在表现社会生活上，托尔斯泰着重描写了四大家族中年轻成员的变化和探索。作者将“战争”与“和平”的两种生活、两条线索交叉描写，构成一部百科全书式的壮阔史诗。
课时分层作业(七) Section Ⅰ、Ⅱ
[语言知识练习固基础]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．My grandmother was very fond of giving advice to all my friends.
2．Dick got tired(tire) of his new toy after playing with it for a week and tried to change it for another one.
3．The artists started an important art movement that aimed to show(show) the country life.
4．Emily，considered (consider) to be one of the finest novelists in the English language，lived a short while after the publication of the book.
5．I really love playing the piano, but I can't stand singing(sing) in front of the class.
6. With our problem solved(solve), we all felt happy.
7. I could tell by the look on her face that something terrible had happened.
8. When he passed by, he observed a strange man knocking(knock) at the door.
9．I was afraid of her, but at the same time I really liked her.
10．Her mother had mentioned how colorful(color) the field was when spring arrived.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Paul's mother had him adopting because she couldn't look after him.adopting→adopted
2．He was tired of the long walking. As a result, he didn't go to the concert.of→from/with
3．He looked dead but his faint pulse proved that he was still live.live→alive
4．He could hardly walk without a stick, couldn't he？couldn't→could
5．If you're free at two o'clock on Friday, I shall be delightful to show you around the city.delightful→delighted
[高考题型练习提能力]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
It seems that great artists and scientists often suffer from mental problems. Both Einstein and Dickens had mental illness. Now scientists have started to look at whether mental illness and genius are linked(联系)．
Dr. Adele Juda studied 5, 000 creative people in Germany. She found there were more people with mental illness in this group than in the general population. Poets had the highest rate(比例) of mental illness, followed by musicians, with lower numbers for painters and architects.
Other scientists did research which also showed a strong link between mental problems and creativity. But, it did nothing to explain it.
Dr. Ruth Richards of Harvard University made a breakthrough．Instead of studying creative people, she took a group of psychiatric(精神病的) patients and tested them for creativity. The patients got much higher scores than a normal group.
Also, the patients' close relatives were much more creative than the patients and a normal group. This suggests that the key to the link between creativity and mental illness is in our genes(基因)．
But this is a problem. According to Darwinism, harmful genes should be removed. Some scientists believe that evolution(进化) has created a balance, where the madness of a few people leads to the development of the whole human race.
Geniuses may be mad, bad or just difficult to understand, but their discoveries have improved the world we live in. It seems that a little creative madness is good for us all.
【语篇解读】 俗话说天才与疯子只有一线之隔，虽然疯子未必都是天才，但是天才却都有疯狂的创造力。
1．According to Dr.Adele Juda, which of the following group has the lowest rate of mental illness?
A．Painters. B．Musicians.
C．Poets. D．Bus drivers.
D [推理判断题。第二段中的研究结果表明，在5 000名有创造力的人中，有精神疾病的人的数量比在等量普通人中的数量要多。在有病的人中诗人所占比例最高，其次是音乐家、画家、建筑家。故D项是患病比例最低的人。]
2．The underlined phrase“made a breakthrough”in the fourth paragraph means “ ”．
A．discovered or found something new and important
B．made a way through using force
C．(of the sun or the moon) appeared from behind(clouds)
D．suddenly changed (from a slower to a faster pace)
A [词义猜测题。由上一段可知科学家只是知道精神疾病和创造力有一定的关系，但不能解释这一现象；而Dr. Ruth Richards通过实验解释了此现象，故这里指取得了突破。]
3．Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Among the 5, 000 creative people in Germany, more people suffer from mental diseases than the general population.
B．There is a strong link between mental problems and creativity.
C．Psychiatric patients make greater contributions than common people.
D．The key to the link between creativity and mental illness is in our genes.
C [细节理解题。由第二段可知A项正确；由第三段可知B项正确；由第五段可知D项正确。C项文中没有提及。]
4．What is the writer's attitude towards madness?
A．Madness is harmful to the whole society.
B．A little creative madness is good for us all.
C．All the talented people are mad.
D．Only the people with mental illness have more creativity.
B [观点态度题。根据最后一段的最后一句话可知B项正确。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
On a Friday night, a poor young artist stood at the gate of the subway station, playing his violin. Many people put some money into the 1 of the young man.
The next day, the young artist came again, and put his hat on the ground gracefully. 2 from the day before, he took out a large piece of 3 and laid it on the ground. Then he began 4 ．
Before long, the young violinist was 5 with people, who were all attracted by the 6 on that paper, which said，“Last night, a gentleman named George Sang put something important into my hat 7 . Please come to claim(认领) it soon.”
After half an hour, a middle-aged man ran there in a hurry and 8 through the crowd to the violinist and said，“Yes, it's you. You did come here. I knew that you're an honest man and would 9 come here.”
“Are you Mr. George Sang？”
The man nodded.
“Did you 10 something？”
“Lottery (彩票). It's lottery，” said the man.
The violinist 11 a lottery ticket on which George Sang's name was seen. “Is it？”he asked.
George nodded, seized the lottery ticket and 12 it; then he danced with joy.
George bought a lottery ticket which 13 him a prize of $500，000. He was so happy after work and felt the violinist playing so wonderfully that he put 50 dollars in the hat. 14 the lottery ticket was also thrown in.
When asked why he didn't keep the lottery ticket 15 himself, the violinist said，“ 16 I don't have much money, I live happily; but if I lose honesty, I won't be happy forever.”
We can gain and lose so much in our life. But being honest should 17 be with us. If we bear ourselves in a dishonest way, we 18 succeed temporarily (暂时). However, from the long-term view, we'll be a loser. Such a person is just like the 19 on the mountain. It's high above at first, but gradually it falls and loses the 20 of going up.
【语篇解读】 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。一位年轻艺术家在街头卖艺时意外收到一张中了50万美元奖金的彩票，但是将其还给了主人。
1．A.box B．hat
C．bowl D．bag
B [根据第二段中的“The next day，the young artist came again, and put his hat on the ground gracefully.”可知选B 项。]
2．A.Free B．Away
C．Different D．Far
C [根据文中的“...he took out a large piece of and laid it on the ground.”可知，他拿出东西放在地上，这与昨天不同，所以选C项。]
3．A.paper B．stone
C．cloth D．wood
A [根据第三段中的“...on that paper, which said, ‘Last night，a gentleman named George Sang put something important...Please come to claim (认领) it soon.’”可知选A项。]
4．A.begging B．shouting
C．playing D．singing
C [根据上文提到的“On a Friday night, a poor young artist stood at the gate of the subway station, playing his violin.”可知这个年轻人是来拉小提琴的，所以选C 项。]
5．A.crowded B．surrounded
C．surprised D．satisfied
B [根据下文中的“...who were all attracted by the on that paper...”可知年轻人周围围满了人，故选B项。]
6．A.words B．money
C．ticket D．picture
A [根据下文中的“...which said，‘Last night，a gentleman named George Sang put something important into my hat ．Please come to claim(认领)it soon.’”可知纸上写了一些话，故选A项。]
7．A.on purpose B．in time
C．in advance D．by mistake
D [on purpose 故意地；in time及时； in advance提前；by mistake错误地。根据下文内容可知选D项。]
8．A.looked B．lived
C．broke D．rushed
D [根据上文的“...ran there in a hurry...”可知这个人很匆忙，D 项符合语境。]
9．A.rarely B．certainly
C．recently D．nearly
B [rarely 罕见地；certainly 当然；recently最近；nearly几乎。根据上文的“...you're an honest man...”可知这个人认为那个年轻人一定会来的，所以选B项。]
10．A.lose B．get
C．buy D．search
A [根据句意可知年轻人问他是否丢了什么东西，故选A 项。]
11．A.handed out B．gave out
C．sent out D．took out
D [hand out提交；give out分发；send out分发，发出；take out拿出。根据句意可知他拿出了一张彩票。D 项符合题意。]
12．A.tore B．threw
C．kissed D．hid
C [tear撕； throw扔； kiss亲吻；hide藏起来。根据下文的“...he danced with joy.”可知彩票失而复得，乔治非常开心，因此他忍不住亲吻了彩票，所以选C。]
13．A.beat B．sold
C．took D．won
D [beat 打败；sell 卖； take带走；win赢得。]
14．A.Fortunately B．However
C．Otherwise D．Generally
B [由句意可知他把50美元放进帽子里，然而这张彩票也被放进去了。B 项符合题意。]
15．A.by B．from
C．for D．with
C [by oneself 单独地，独自地；for oneself为自己。C项符合题意。]
16．A.Unless B．Whenever
C．Although D．Until
C [由句意可知上下文是转折关系。年轻人说：“尽管我没有钱，可是我很快乐。但是如果失去了诚实，我永远都不会快乐。”]
17．A.often B．never
C．seldom D．always
D [根据句意可知，在生活中我们会得到也会失去很多，但我们要一直诚实，所以选D项。]
18．A.may B．should
C．must D．need
A [如果我们做事不诚实，也许我们暂时会成功。这里表示一种可能性，故选A项。]
19．A.air B．water
C．grass D．tree
B [根据“It's high above at first, but gradually it falls and loses the of going up.”可知，这里是说像山里的水，故选B项。]
20．A.road B．path
C．chance D．method
C [road 道路；path小路；chance机会；method方法。根据文中的“It's high above at first, but gradually it falls and loses the of going up.”可知，山里的水虽然开始很高，但最终会落下来，失去向上的机会。]
课时分层作业(八) Section Ⅲ、Ⅳ
[语言知识练习固基础]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. Tony and Sara had put off their wedding ceremony until September.
2．He asked each of us to describe how alcohol had affected our lives in turn.
3．From his facial expression(express), we can see he is very happy.
4．He sent a series of stamps to me as my birthday gift.
5．The destructive(destroy) power of modern weapons was far beyond our imagination.
6．The students were taken to the exhibition(exhibit) of advanced technology on Sunday.
7. I regret to tell(tell) you that you are not invited to the meeting to be held next week.
8．She thanked me, and told me she wished to see(see) me again.
9．Try knocking(knock) at the back door and see whether he is in or not.
10．You may have trouble sleeping(sleep) if you have a heavy meal just before you go to bed.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．你认为我们英语老师的课怎么样？
What do you think of our English teacher's lessons？(think)
2．由于天气不好，运动会将被推迟到下周。
The sports meeting will be put off till next week because of the bad weather.(put off)
3．他们不得不轮流照看病人。
They had to take turns to look after/looking after the patients.(take turns)
4．请告诉我当我不在的时候她出了什么事。
Please tell me what happened to her when I was away.(happen)
5．养成良好的学习习惯能帮助你有效地改进你的学习。
Developing a good habit of learning can help you improve your learning effectively.(develop)
[高考题型练习提能力]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
After years of heated debate，gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park.Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park.By last year，the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States，but they were gradually displaced by human development.By the 1920s，wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area.They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada，where there were fewer humans around.
The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results.Deer and elk populations—major food sources(来源)for the wolf—grew rapidly.These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation(植被)，which reduced plant diversity in the park.In the absence of wolves，coyote populations also grew quickly.The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park's red foxes，and completely drove away the park's beavers.
As early as 1966，biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park.They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems.Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.
The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves.The U．S.Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone.Today，the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone.Elk，deer，and coyote populations are down，while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback.The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。以前在黄石地区随处可见的灰狼消失了。灰狼的消失引发了一系列生态问题，生物学家建议重新引入狼群，但附近农场主反对。政府花了近30年时间研究计划重新引入狼群，这一案例对其他地区也有借鉴意义。
1．What is the text mainly about?
A．Wildlife research in the United States.
B．Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.
C．The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.
D．The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.
D [主旨大意题。文章围绕重新将灰狼引入黄石公园展开讨论，故选D项。
A项“美国的野生生物调查”过于宽泛；B项“黄石地区的植物种类”与主题不符；C项“农场主和灰狼之间的冲突”以偏概全。]
2．What does the underlined word“displaced”in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Tested. B．Separated.
C．Forced out. D．Tracked down.
C [词义猜测题。根据上文可知，灰狼曾经随处可见，再结合后文wolves had practically disappeared可知与displaced意思最接近的是C项“封杀出局，消灭掉”。displace意为“取代，替代”。
test测试；separate分开；track down追查到，均与语境不符。]
3．What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?
A．Damage to local ecology.
B．A decline in the park's income.
C．Preservation of vegetation.
D．An increase in the variety of animals.
A [推理判断题。由第三段可知，灰狼的消失产生了很多意想不到的结果。鹿群及丛林狼的数量快速增长，前者导致植被破坏，后者杀死大量红狐狸并将河狸赶出公园。由此可知，灰狼的消失导致当地的生态失去平衡，故选A项。
B项“公园收入下降”，无中生有；C项“植被保护”及D项“动物种类增加”均与原文相悖。]
4．What is the author's attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?
A．Doubtful. B．Positive.
C．Disapproving. D．Uncaring.
B [推理判断题。由最后一段可知，灰狼回归后，鹿群及丛林狼的数量减少了，而河狸和红狐狸又回来了，再由a valuable experiment to help等可推断出作者对于黄石狼项目持肯定态度，故选B项。
doubtful怀疑的；disapproving不支持的；uncaring不关心的。]
B
Work and life are always full of stress. How do you usually deal with your stress? Have you ever thought of doing housework? Do you think doing housework is helpful in dealing with stress? According to some psychologists, doing housework like washing dirty clothes can really make people relaxed.
“Doing simple housework such as cleaning windows or ironing clothes is a good way to face our stress without taking any medicine，” says Carol Clark，a successful psychologist in New York. She often advises people who are under lots of stress to try doing housework. “While washing something，” she says, “you can imagine you're washing away something that is troubling you in your life.”
Do people all agree with her idea? Here are some different opinions.
“Housework is the reason for the stress in my life，” says Linda who works in a company in France. “As a mother of three, I have too much housework. Get me out of doing the housework and then I'll really be able to relax.”
Gary is a single father of a seven-month-old baby. He is a doctor from Australia. “So, a man pays a psychologist $200 an hour for his problem about stress. However, he is just told to go back home and do some housework. I really don't know who is crazier, the psychologist or the man！”
【语篇解读】 工作和生活中充满了压力，美国一位著名的心理学家说，做家务可以减轻生活压力。但有很多人不同意这种观点。
5．Where does Carol Clark live?
A．In France. B．In England.
C．In Australia. D．In America.
D [细节理解题。由第二段中“...says Carol Clark, a successful psychologist in New York.”可知，Carol Clark住在美国。]
6．What does Gary do?
A．He is a writer.
B．He is a psychologist.
C．He is a doctor.
D．He's a clerk in a company.
C [细节理解题。由最后一段中“He is a doctor from Australia.”可判断，Gary是一位来自澳大利亚的医生。故选C。]
7．From the passage, we know different people have different opinions about ．
A．if simple housework can make people relaxed
B．if work and life can be full of pressure
C．if children enjoy doing simple housework
D．if people these days are under too much pressure
A [主旨大意题。由文章的最后两段可判断，不同的人对做家务是否能够减轻压力有不同的看法。]
8．The best title for the passage may be ．
A．Work and Life
B．The Reason for Stress
C．Housework and Stress
D．A Successful Psychologist
C [主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了做家务是否可以让人放松。]
Ⅱ.短文改错
I have just got some good news to tell to you. I win a national prize for painting last week. My father was so pleasing that he suggested I went to England for a holiday. I'd like to staying there for half a month, visiting place of interest and practising my English as well. We've been often write to each for a year and a half now. I have often dreamed of talk face to face with you. I imagine you'll be at vacation yourself by that time. Perhaps we could go out to do some sightseeing together.
[答案]
I have just got some good news to tell you. I a national prize for painting last week. My father was so that he suggested I to England for a holiday. I'd like to there for half a month, visiting of interest and practising my English as well. We've been often to each for a year and a half now. I have often dreamed of face to face with you. I imagine you'll be vacation yourself by that time. Perhaps we could go out to do some sightseeing together.
