Unit 8How do you make a banana milk shake？ SectionA(Grammar Focus-3c)(共39张PPT内嵌音频）

课件39张PPT。How do you make a banana milk shake?Unit 8第二课时： Section A
(Grammar Focus -3c)Can you describe the process to make fruit salad? Grammar Focus（一）祈使句的用法语法讲解考点 1祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。祈使句中一般没有主语，实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句一般没有时态的变化，也不能与情态动词连用。在表达请求或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加上please，以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句的句式特征考向一考向二eg: Keep off the grass！勿踩草地！
Put the boxes in the small room.
把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。（1）行为动词原形＋其他成分．
eg: Make sentences after the model.根据例句造句。
Have a good time. 愿你玩得痛快。
（2）Be动词＋其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)．
eg: Be careful when crossing the road. 过马路时要小心。考点 2祈使句的肯定句式祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型：考向一（3）Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他成分.
eg: Let him go back now. 让他现在回去吧。 Boys and girls , _______ learning and have fun. 【白银】
A. keep B. to keep C. keeping D. keptA典例【点拨】考查祈使句。句意：男孩女孩们，继续学习，玩得开心。祈使句以动词原形开始。考点 3祈使句的否定句式祈使句的否定句式，通常情况下在句首加上Don’t或Never，一般分为以下四种类型：
（1）在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don’t，构成
“Don’t＋行为动词原形＋其他成分．”。
eg: Don’t say that again！别再那样说了！考向（2）在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Don’t，构成 “Don’t be＋其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等).”。
【注意】在这种句型中be不能省略；not不可置于be之后。
eg: Don’t be careless. 不要粗心。（3）Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种：
①Let开头的祈使句，如果后面跟第一人称的宾格，在Let后宾格的后面加not。
eg: Let me not go with her tomorrow.
不要让我明天跟她一起去。
Let’s not tell her the truth whenever we meet her.
无论什么时候我们碰到她，都不要告诉她真相。
②Let的宾语是第三人称时，常在Let前加Don’t。
eg: Don’t let them make any noise. 别让他们吵。（4）在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用 “No＋名词/v.-ing形式．”结构，表示 “禁止做某事。”
No Photos！禁止拍照！No Entry! 禁止入内！
No passing！禁止通行！No smoking! 禁止吸烟！ Tommy, ________ play basketball in the street next time. You may get hit by a car. 【广东】
A. do　　　B. don’t C. must　　　D. mustn’tB典例考点 4祈使句的反意疑问句祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种形式：考向（1）祈使句为肯定句式，其反意疑问句表示请求时，通常用will you；表示邀请、劝说时，用won’t you。
eg: Be sure to write to us, will you?你一定要给我们写信，好吗？
Come to have dinner with us this evening, won’t you?
今晚来和我们一起吃饭，好吗？（2）祈使句为否定句式，其反意疑问句通常只用will you。
eg: Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you？
不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？
（3）Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除Let’s用shall we外，其他均用will you。
eg: Let the boy go first, will you? 让那个男孩先走, 好吗？
Let’s take a walk after supper, shall we？
晚饭后我们去散步，好吗？考点 5祈使句的强调形式考向（1）有时为了强调向谁发出请求或提出命令，可以将祈使句的主语表示出来。
eg: You put the shirt on the bed. 你把衬衫放在床上。
（2）有时为了加强语气，可在句首加助动词do。
eg: Do be careful! 一定要小心!规则变化(二)可数名词与不可数名词名词分为可数名词和不可数名词两大类。大多数名词为可数名词，有单复数之分，而不可数名词没有复数形式。考向一（1）一般名词变复数时，直接加s。
如：book—books　pen—pens　hat—hats（2）以字母s，x，sh，ch结尾的名词，在词尾加es。如：bus—buses　glass—glasses　class—classes　
box—boxes　fox—foxes　watch—watches　
brush—brushes　dish—dishes　wish—wishes
（3）以f，fe结尾的，把f，fe变为v，再加es。
如：leaf—leaves　half—halves　self—selves　
wife—wives　knife—knives　wolf—wolves　
shelf—shelves　thief—thieves　life—lives树叶( leaf )半数( half )自己( self )黄，妻子 (wife )拿刀( knife )去杀狼( wolf )，架( shelf )后小偷( thief )逃命( life ) 忙。速记小筏有些词虽然也是以f结尾，但复数形式却是直接加s。如：roof(屋顶)—roofs belief(信仰)—beliefs
proof(证据)—proofs
handkerchief(手帕)—handkerchiefs【注意】（4）以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，先变y为i，再加es。
如：family—families　lady—ladies city—cities
（5）以o结尾的，有时加es，有时加s。
加es的可串成口诀记忆： 黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)爱吃 西红柿(tomato)和土豆(potato)。不规则变化考向二有些名词变复数时属于不规则变化，这种变化是通过改变单词中的某个字母或在词尾加后缀等构成的。
（1）改a为e型。如：man—men woman—women　Englishman—Englishmen Englishwoman—Englishwomen
Frenchman—Frenchmen Frenchwoman—Frenchwomen
policeman—policemen policewoman—policewomen（2）改oo为ee型。如：foot—feet tooth—teeth　goose—geese
（3）在词尾加 ren。如：child—children
（4）单复数相同的。如：sheep—sheep deer—deer
（5）其他特殊变化。如：mouse—mice不规则变化：男人女人变一个；
脚牙一变变一双；小孩后面加三个。鹿和绵羊是一家，单数复数无变化。速记小筏【点拨】由句意：——为什么人们在他们生日的时候从不切碎面条？——因为它们是长寿的象征。可知答案。—Why do people never cut up the ________ on their birthdays?
—Because they are a symbol of long life. 【东营】
A. eggs B. cakes C. noodles D. dumplingsC典例(三)how many与how much辨析how many 与 how much考点 1— ________pocket money do you usually get every month? (扬州)
—Fifty yuan. What about you?
A．How often　　　　 B．How long
C．How many D．How much典例 1Dhow much 可用于询问价格eg：—How much is your backpack? 你的背包多少钱？
—It's thirty yuan. 三十元。考点 2 —________people travel every year?
—Perhaps when we are talking about it, more than 100 planes have taken off around the world.(临沂)
A．How many　　　B．How much
C．How long D．How often A【点拨】本题用寻找题眼法。people是集体名词，应用how many来提问。　典例 21．How (much / many) bananas do we need?
2．How (much / many) sugar do we need?
3．How (much / many) bread do we need?
4．How (much / many) tomatoes do we need?
5．How (much / many) cheese do we need? Circle the correct word in each question.3a3bComplete the questions and answers. Then match them.1___ 1. ________do you make popcorn?
___ 2. __________corn do we need?
___ 3. ________do we do next?
___ 4. __________salt do we need?
___ 5. Now can we eat it? badecHowHow muchWhatHow mucha. Half a cup.
b. ________, put the corn into the popcorn machine.
c. Yes, we can!
d. Next, ________on the machine. ________, add
the salt.
e. Just one spoon.FirstturnFinallyWrite how to do one of the following things. Then tell your partner how to do it.3cA:Do you know how to plant a tree？
B:First，dig a hole. Then...
plant a tree
make beef noodles
wash clothes
take out a book from the library how to plant a tree为“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构，在句中作know的宾语。不定式可以和疑问词who, what, which，when, how, where等连用，构成不定式短语，在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等。考向知识点Do you know how to plant a tree？
你知道怎么种树吗？eg：Where to stay for the night is a problem.
晚上在哪儿过夜还是个问题。(作主语)
The young woman doesn't know what to do. 那位年轻女子不知道要做什么。(作宾语)
The question is which to choose.
问题是选哪个。(作表语)拓展 “疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语时，相当于一个由该疑问词引导的宾语从句。eg：Excuse me. Can you tell me how to get to the bookshop? ＝ Excuse me. Can you tell me how I can get to the bookshop？
打扰了，你能告诉我如何去书店吗？I really don't know ________ this question. It is too hard. (自贡)
which to answer B. how to answer
C. what to answer 典例【点拨】本题用语境判断法。由下句“它太难了。”可知我真的不知道如何回答这个问题。对方式或手段提问用疑问词how。　B一、根据提示完成句子
1. Don’t eat too much s______ . It’s not good for your health.
2. We need more c______ to make a birthday cake.
3. How much ________(玉米) do we need?
4. Put some apples into the ________(机器)．
5. They d______ many holes to plant trees yesterday.ugarheesecornmachineug二、语法专练
6. ________ on the grass, or it will “cry”. 【陕西】
A. To walk　　　　　 B. Not to walk
C. Walk　　　　　　 D. Don’t walk
7. Would you like to add ________ to the salad?
A. many more honey　 B. many honeys
C. more honey　　　 D. much honeysDC8. How ________ butter do we need?
A. some　 B. any　 C. many　 D. much
9. Please ________ your exam papers once again before handing them in. 【上海】
A. going over B. went over
C. go over D. to go overD C 10. —Can I help you, madam?
—I want ________．【遵义】
A. two boxes of apple
B. two glass of water
C. two bowls of porridgeC 本节课主要学习了知识点Do you know how to plant a tree?以及本单元的语法知识。