课件10张PPT。Revising Attributive Clause（Ⅱ） 定语从句复习（二）内容提要：
１．定语从句
２．限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别
３．非限定性定语从句几点说明 限定性
非限定性限定性
非限定性限定性
非限定性限定性
非限定性限定性定语从句 限定性定语从句,顾名思义,是对先行词从本质或特征上进行限制的一种定语从句，它所修饰的词代表一个(些)或一类特定的人或事、物。例如: A?man?who?doesn't?learn?from?others?can't?achieve?much.
一个不向别人学习的人是不能有多少成就的。 A?man 被限定后, 指一类特定的人.这类定语从句是不能去掉的,否则剩下的部分就失去意义不能成立,或者含义不清,甚至让人感到莫名其妙。 非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句,它只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明,去掉之后并不影响句子的整个含义。在形式上,非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。 Finally?we?visited?to?the?Giant?Yangtze?Gorges?Dam,?which?is?the?greatest?key?water?control?project?in?the?world?at?present. 最后我们参观了长江三峡大坝,它是目前世界上最大的水利枢纽工程。 本句若去掉从句,主句部分的含义仍然完整。历年的高考中,非限定性定语从句都是出现频率最高的考点之一。因此值得我们注意。 非限定性定语从句几点说明 引导非限定性定语从句时,只能用which(不用that)。例如: Heat?is?another?form?of?energy,?which?is?as?important?as?other?kinds?of?energy.热是另一种形式的能量,与其他形式的能量一样重要。 从句表补充说明,而且关系代词which不能换成 that 引导非限定性定语从句的which可以指代前面的先行词,也可以指前面整个句子的含义。例如: That?Peter?will?marry?Alice,?which?has?not?been?announced?yet,?has?spread?around.
彼特要娶爱丽斯这件事还没宣布,却已传得沸沸扬扬。 句子中的which指"彼特要娶爱丽斯"这整个句子的意思 除which外,还可用when,?where,?who等关系代、副词引导非限定性定语从句。例如: After?graduation,?I?decided?to?stay?in?Chongqing,?where?I?spent?my?childhood?and?four?years?of?college?life.
毕业后,我决定留在重庆,在那里我曾度过了我的童年和四年大学生活。 Albert?Einstein?left?Germany?for?the?United?States?during?World?War?II,?when?Jews?were?badly?treated?in?Germany.
第二次世界大战期间,爱因斯坦离开德国去了美国,那时犹太人在德国受到不好的对待。 在限定性定语从句中作宾语时,引导词可以省略,但引导非限定性定语从句的关联词不能省。试比较: He?was?eager?to?go?to?the?hospital?to?see?his?stepmother,?whom?he?loved?and?respected?as?his?own?mother.
他急于想去医院看望他的继母,他把他的继母当作亲生母亲一样热爱和尊敬。 The?American?journalist?(whom?/?who)?the?announcer?mentioned?in?the?news?broadcast?is?said?to?have?been?killed?by?the?gangsters.
播音员在新闻广播中提到的那位美国记者据说已经被匪徒杀害了。 表示"正如"的含义时,通常用as引导非限定性定语从句,也可用which引导;但置于句首时,只能用as引导。 China?has?basically?succeeded?in?defeating?SARS,?which?/?as?
we?have?expected. 正如我们所预料的那样,中国已基本上战胜了“非典”。 As?is?well?known?to?everybody,?Taiwan?is?an?inseparable?part?
of?China. 众所周知,台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。 例题解析1. As ＿＿＿ announced in today's papers, the Shanghai Export Commodities Fair is also open on Sundays.
A being B is C to be D been注意两个非限定性定语从句的引导词：as, which, which在做非限定性定语从句引导词时有两个特点：1 which前要有逗号与前面句子分开； 2 which引导非限定性定语从句指的是前面整句话的内容。
只要引导非限定性定语从句 as 和 which 都指一句话内容，区别在于which只能放在它所指那句话的后面，而as可以在前面也可以在后面。1.可以用: It is announced that---
Sth. is announced to--- 两种句型来进行表达B2. She is always speaking highly of her role in the play, ______ ,of course, make the others unhappy. A. what B. for that C. that D. whichWhich 在此处引导非限定性定语从句，注意分析句法成分，不要受逗号干扰．Ｄ课件35张PPT。Revision of
Non-restrictive Attributive ClausesUnit 5Grammar1. 定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从
句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在
它所修饰的先行词之后。
2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先
行词。
3. 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系
词。?? ??Revision??关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as；关系副词有when, where, why。??????
关系词通常有下列三个作用：
A. 引导定语从句
B. 代替先行词
C. 在定语从句中担当一个成分 限制性定语从句(restrictive)
非限制性定语从句( non-restrictive）定语
从句The teacher told me that Tom was the only
person that I could depend on.? 老师告诉
我说汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。
His mother, who loves him very much,
is strict with him.?
他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。 限制性定语从句:
所谓限制性定语从句就是先行词在意义
上不可缺少的定语, 如果去掉, 主句就失
去意义或意义不完整。这种从句和先行
词的关系十分密切, 写时不用逗号和主
句分开。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句:I was the only person in my office who was
invited.
我是我们办公室唯一被邀请的人。
(如果把从句部分去掉, 整个句子的含义就
变了。)非限制性定语从句:
非限制性定语从句和主句的关系并不十
分密切, 只是对先行词做些附加说明, 如
果去掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从
句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。在讲话
时须停顿，一般不用that引导。1. His dog, which was now very old,
became ill and died.
他的狗当时很老了, 生病后就死了。
(去掉从句, 主句的意义仍然完整: 他的
狗生病死了。)
2. Yesterday I met Li Lei, who seemed to
be very busy.
昨天我碰上李雷了,他好象很忙。
(去掉从句, 意义仍然完整: 昨天我碰上
李雷了。)限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别A. This is the place where I lived ten
years ago.
B. She is going to spend the winter
holiday in Macao, which returned to
China in 1999.
2. A. He is a man who I can ask for help.
B. His father, who works in Beijing,
came back yesterday.限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果去掉从句，意义仍然完整。All the magazines here which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。All the magazines here, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.所有的杂志都是他写的, 里面都有漂亮的图画。有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思。（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）（杂志只有一种）His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.当先行词是地名人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句。Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing rapidly.在of which/whom之前可以使用表达数量或定位的数词或代词。1. I am doing different types of exercises, all of which are quite helpful to my health.
2. Many people, some of whom
are not overweight, are going on diets.
3. There are 54 students in my class, three of whom come from the US.The town where I live is beautiful.
Kenli, where I live, is beautiful.Teachers who are kind are popular with
the students.
Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with
the students.Please compare:Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.
Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果The town where I live is beautiful.
Kenli, where I live, is beautiful.限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略。非限制性定语从句和单句的比较1. He failed in the exam._______ made his
parents angry.
2. He failed in the exam, _______made his
parents angry.3. He has two sons. Both of ________ are
teachers.
4. He has two sons, both of ________ are
teachers.Thiswhichwhomthem× that一、 非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引
导。
1. I like the book, which was bought
yesterday.
我喜欢这本书，这是昨天买的。
2. I like the book which / that was bought
yesterday.
我喜欢昨天买的那本书。 非限制性定语从句应注意以下几点：二、 非限制性定语从句不能用why引导
要用for which代替why。
1. I had told them the reason, for which I
didn’t attend the meeting.
我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有
去开会。
2. I had told them the reason why I didn't
attend the meeting.
我告诉了他们我不去开会的理由。
(限制性定语从句“the reason why...”是常见搭配。) 三、 非限制性定语从句置于句首时，不能用which引导。关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活，可以放主句前，也可以放主句后。
1. As I expected, he didn't believe me.
正如我所预料的，他不相信我。
2. She heard a terrible noise, which brought
her heart into her mouth.
她听到一个可怕的声音，这让她把心
都提到嗓子眼了。 四、 非限制性定语从句由“介词+关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词不能用as。
1. He bought the car for more than $20,000,
with which his father was angry.
他花两万多美元买了这辆车，他父亲对
此很生气。
2. I finished my work ahead of time, after
which I sat some time reading the
newspaper.
我提前干完了我的活，随后我坐着看了
会儿报纸。 五、 在非限制性定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用宾格whom; 不能用who替换，也不能省略。
1. Do you know Tom, whom we talked about? 你认识汤姆吗? 我们谈到过他。
2. This book, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you all the information you need.
这本书会给你提供所有你需要的资料，它在任何一家书店都能买到。
(非限制性定语从句中引导词在从句中作宾语，无论指人还是指物都不能省略。) 六、Which可指前面整个句子。
The sun sends out light and heat, which
makes it possible for living things to exist
on the earth.
太阳发出光和热，这使得生物能够在地球
上生存。
His father is an engineer, ____ makes him
very proud.
A. for what B. which
C. that D. what1. Yesterday Mr. Li finally bought his
own house, _______ is a hospital.
A. in where B. to the east of which
C. to the east of it D. in the east of that
2. My brother's purse, _______ he put
￥1,000, was missing on the bus.
A. there B. which
C. in which D. that 练习3. His glasses, _______ he could see
nothing, was taken away by a naughty
boy.
A. which B. without which
C. with which D. without those
4. The computer, _______ he paid ￥3,000,
was once owned by his uncle.
A. which B. for which
C. that D. to that 5. In the past we lost many chances, _______ we paid little attention. A. which B. that
C. in which D. to which
6. The pen, _______ I had been writing for ten years, was broken. A. with which B. with that
C. as D. with it 7. Mary has two brothers, ________ are doctors.
A. both of they B. both of whom
C. both of them D. whom of both
8. On the way home I met my friend
John, from _______ home the thief
had stolen a computer.
A. whom B. which
C. that D. whose Fill in the blanks with proper relative words.
1. The famous basketball star, ____ is an American, came to China yesterday.
2. In those days, she used to go to Mr Black, with ______ she had a wonderful time.
3. I bought a car yesterday, ______ cost
me a lot.whowhomwhich4. Xi’an, ______ I visited last year, is a nice old city.
5. He will come to see me next July, _______ he won’t be so busy.
6. The school, _______ I once studied, was built thirty years ago.
7. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, _______ was true.whenwherewhichwhich1. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _______ are sold abroad
A. of which B. which of
C. of them D. of that2. I have many friends, some _______ are businessmen
A. why B. from which
C. who of D. of whom
3. I walked in our garden, _______
Tom and Jim were tying a big sign
onto one of the trees.
A. which B. when
C. where D. that 5. The Beatles, _______ many of you
are old enough to remember, came
from Liverpool.
A. what B. that
C. how D. as
6. She was educated at Beijing
University, ____ she went on to have
her advanced study abroad.
A. after which B. from which
C. from that D. after that7. Last week，only two people came to look at the house，_______ wanted to buy it.
A. none of them
B. both of them
C. none of whom
D. neither of whom8. It is reported that two schools, ________ are being built in my hometown，will open next year.
A. they both
B. which both
C. both of them
D. both of which
