词义猜测题专练(一)——词汇猜测类
A
[2019·湖北八校3月联考] The pumpkin (南瓜) theme is everywhere at Butler's Orchard in Germantown, Maryland. It has thousands of pumpkins, including a pumpkin patch where people can pick their own pumpkin. There are also other things to do, like riding a pony, rushing down a slide or walking around a corn maze with its confusing winding pathways. Some children discover the big orange fruits way more than they think. Visitors can pick their own in season fruits, vegetables and flowers. Butler's Orchard opened more than sixty years ago, as one of the first pick your own farms in the area.
Ken Merriam brought his children. He says Butler's Orchard brings back good memories of growing up on a farm in Honduras. “It's a little bit of what I used to have as a kid, so that's why I think it's nice to bring them over here. Get them out of the city.” Shirley Butler's grandchildren who are in their 30s are now the third generation to run the farm. General manager Tyler Butler says children who usually only see pumpkins in grocery stores can learn how pumpkins are grown.
“I didn't know pumpkins came from a vine. There are flowers on this vine. There are roots.” These little girls are learning about pumpkins during their first trip to a pumpkin patch to feel the nature and the fruits. For Tristan Piazza's mother, the Fall Festival is an annual event. “My parents have always brought me. I bring my kid now. I hope he stays in the area and he can bring his kids.” Since family funds are hard to keep_afloat these days, Tyler Butler appreciates the tens of thousands of visitors who come to the Fall Festival each year.
体裁：记叙文 题材：日常活动 主题：自助果园巩固了家庭的关系
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了Butler自助果园的一些活动项目和它对于他人的家庭所起到的独一无二的作用。
【难句分析】 It has thousands of pumpkins, including a pumpkin patch where people can pick their own pumpkin.
分析：本句主句是It has thousands of pumpkins, 后面的介词短语作状语，状语中含有where引导的定语从句，其先行词为a pumpkin patch, where 在从句中作地点状语。
译文：这个果园有数以千计的南瓜，包括一片南瓜地，在那里人们可以采摘他们自己的南瓜。
1．At Butler's Orchard, visitors can experience ________.
A．picking vegetables in person
B．growing vegetables by themselves
C．tasting fruits off season
D．selling pumpkins online
答案与解析：A 考查细节理解。根据第一段倒数第二句“Visitors can pick their own in season fruits, vegetables, and flowers”可知，游客可以在Butler果园里亲自采摘时令的水果、蔬菜和鲜花，故选A项。
2．Why did Ken Merriam take his children to the farm?
A．They want to run it.
B．They want to grow vegetables.
C．It reminds him of his childhood.
D．It provides them with fun activities.
答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。根据第二段第二句“He says Butler's Orchard brings back good memories of growing up on a farm in Honduras”可知，他带孩子来这里是因为这里让他想起了他的童年，故选C项。
3．Which of the following best explains “keep afloat” underlined in the last paragraph?
A．Guarantee. B．Earn.
C．Expand. D．Spend.
答案与解析：A 考查词义猜测。根据对画线短语所在句的理解可知，本句是说果园的经营者对来果园参加节日活动的游客表示感激，因为这些日子果园的资金有些周转不开。由此可推知，画线短语和guarantee“保证”含义相近，故选A项。
4．What's the main idea of the passage?
A．The Fall Festival is an annual event.
B．Pumpkins at Butler's Orchard are organic.
C．Pick your own farms are increasingly popular.
D．Butler's Orchard strengthens the bond of the family.
答案与解析：D 考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了Butler果园的一些活动项目和它在巩固他人家庭关系上发挥的作用，故D项最能概括文意。
B
[2019·山西太原五中阶段检测] The Arctic Circle — the habitat of polar bears and decreasing sea ice at the top of the world — hit 32 degrees Celsius last week.
This was the temperature in Banak, Norway on July 30, though some Norwegian areas even reached a couple degrees warmer, according to the European Severe Weather Database. Banak sits atop northern Europe, over 350 miles above the bottom edge of the Arctic Circle.
The Northern Hemisphere and Europe itself have been repeatedly scorched by both record and near-record temperatures this summer as a consequence of overall rising global temperatures.
In the past 40 years, Earth's climate has experienced an accelerated warming trend, which adds an extra level of background warming to hot spells — making heatwaves more extreme, climate scientists have said.
A photo of what appears to be Scandinavian folks taking a dip in a river while reindeer — the cold-adapted herbivores (食草动物) — cooled off in the water beside them is perhaps the best example of just how hot it is in parts of the Arctic Circle right now.
The “warm season” in Banak is short, lasting around three months, but the very warmest day of the year, around July 23, is usually around 62 degrees Fahrenheit (华氏度) — about 30 degrees cooler than temperatures there now. Overall, temperatures in northern Europe are between 14 to 21 degrees Fahrenheit, -10 to -6 degrees Celsius above average.
All-time temperature records were set in both Norway and Finland on July 30, including 86 degrees Fahrenheit, 30 degrees Celsius, in Cape Verde, near Banak, though extreme or near-record temperatures blanketed the region.
Persistent heat and dryness this summer have transformed normally green European countries into brown and yellow lands, and the continent's extreme heat is expected to persist.
Andrew Derocher, a professor at the University of Alberta who studies polar bears, said climate change is shrinking the ice bears usually hunt on, making them faced with the danger of extinction.
体裁：说明文 题材：环境与自然 主题：气候变暖对北极圈及北极熊的影响
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，由于全球变暖的速度不断加快，作为北极熊栖息地的北极圈现在也面临着温度升高的状况。这样的环境变化对于北极熊的生存是很大的威胁。
5．Which of the following words can replace the underlined word “scorched” in Paragraph 3?
A．Burned. B．Achieved.
C．Scored. D．Reached.
答案与解析：A 考查词义猜测。根据第三段“The Northern Hemisphere and Europe itself have been repeatedly scorched by both record and near-record temperatures...”可知，今年夏天，由于全球气温总体上升，北半球和欧洲自身不断受到创纪录和接近创纪录气温的炙烤。因此，画线词的意思是“烧伤；烧焦”，故选A项。
6．What does the photo show according to the author?
A．Scandinavian folks like to swim in a river.
B．Reindeer have adapted to the cold climate.
C．The ice there has totally been melted into water.
D．The temperature of the Arctic Circle now is high.
答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。根据第五段“A photo of what appears to be Scandinavian folks taking a dip in a river... is in parts of the Arctic Circle right now.”可知，喜冷的食草动物在水里凉快，证明了北极圈开始变热。因此，这张照片表明现在北极圈的温度很高，故选D项。
7．What can you learn from Professor Derocher's words?
A．Maybe bears will die out in the near future.
B．Climate change is threatening polar bears.
C．He is worried about the shrinking of the sea ice.
D．He advises people to do something to improve the condition.
答案与解析：B 考查推理判断。根据最后一段“Andrew Derocher... said climate change is shrinking the ice bears usually hunt on, making them faced with the danger of extinction.”可知，气候变暖使得北极熊赖以生存的冰面减小，致使北极熊面临灭绝的危险。因此，从德罗彻教授的话中可以得知气候变化正威胁着北极熊(的生命安全)，故选B项。
8．Where may you find this article?
A．In a fashion magazine. B．In a news report.
C．In a geography textbook. D．In a travel handbook.
答案与解析：B 考查推理判断。根据第一段“The Arctic Circle — the habitat of polar bears and decreasing sea ice at the top of the world — hit 32 degrees Celsius last week.”可知，这篇文章是报道上周北极圈温度达到32摄氏度的新闻。因此，本文不可能出现在时尚杂志、地理教科书或旅游手册中，它最有可能出现在新闻报道中，故选B项。
C
[2019·山西六校第二次阶段性测试] Sleeping in a noisy room isn't only distracting (使人分心的), and it can also harm your health. Although researchers have known for decades that long-term loud noises can harm us, it's only recently become recognized as a widespread issue.
In a new review of previously published studies, researchers from Germany and Denmark took a look at the ways in which noises, such as an airplane passing by or jackhammer digging in the ground, can affect our hearts. Perhaps the most obvious impact of a loud sound while you are sleeping is that it can wake you up. But, even if you don't remember hearing the noise or you don't physically get out of bed, it can disrupt you in ways you may not realize.
“Noise is not just causing annoyance, but it actually makes us sick，” said Dr. Thomas Münzel, a professor at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz. “Regardless of where the sound is coming from, if it gets louder than 60 decibels (分贝), it can increase the risk of heart disease.”
When our body hears these noises, it reacts with a stress reaction. In this case, these sudden and unexpected noises cause hormones (荷尔蒙) to speed up and eventually damage the heart. Although the chance that a single noise will affect you is unlikely, it's the constant exposure to the sound that can eventually affect you.
“But our heart health isn't the only cause for concern. Long-term noise may also raise the risk of type 2 diabetes, depression, and anxiety disorders，” he warns. In the future, Münzel plans to examine how noises from cars, planes, and other vehicles affect the brain. But despite the amount or the depth of research he conducts, it'll take the help of politicians to improve the impact of noise on our health.
“Politicians have to take into account, in particular, the new findings，” Münzel said. “With respect to aircraft noise and airports, it is important to make new laws and set new lower noise limits that protect people living close by the airport instead of the owners of the airport.”
体裁：说明文 题材：科学研究 主题：噪声的危害
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，讲述了德国和丹麦的研究人员研究噪声对人们健康产生的影响，呼吁政治家们关注噪声污染并采取措施解决噪声污染。
9．What do researchers from Germany and Denmark find?
A．Noise does little harm to people who are asleep.
B．Noise can cause people's memory to get worse sharply.
C．Noise has been a widespread concern for a long time.
D．Noise louder than 60 decibels may cause heart disease.
答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。根据第三段最后一句“Regardless of where the sound is coming from, if it gets louder than 60 decibels (分贝), it can increase the risk of heart disease”可知，答案为D项。
10．Which word can replace the underlined word “disrupt” in paragraph 2?
A．Defeat. B．Harm.
C．Affect. D．Discourage.
答案与解析：B 考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“But, even if you don't remember hearing the noise or you don't physically get out of bed, it can disrupt you in ways you may not realize”可知，但是，即使你忘记曾听到这样的噪声或者你并没有起床，噪声仍然以你察觉不到的方式对你造成伤害，故选B项。
11．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?
A．Politicians should take action to handle noise pollution.
B．Münzel will continue other studies on brain diseases.
C．Benefits of airport owners are more important than health.
D．Attention should be paid to heart health and other diseases.
答案与解析：A 考查推理判断。根据最后一段“‘Politicians have to take into account, in particular, the new findings，’Münzel said.‘With respect to aircraft noise and airports, it is important to make new laws and set new lower noise limits that protect people living close by the airport instead of the owners of the airport.’”可知，政治家们必须考虑到这些调查结果。至于飞机噪声和机场，重要的是制定新的法规和更低噪声的限度来保护机场附近的居民而不是保护机场所有者的利益，故答案为A项。
12．Which can be the best title for the text?
A．Who Is to Blame for Noise Pollution
B．What Should Be Done to Stop Noise
C．How Münzel Carried Out His Research
D．How Noise Pollution Harms Our Body
答案与解析：D 考查标题判断。本文着重讲述了德国和丹麦的研究人员对于噪声如何影响人们的心脏进行了研究。听见噪声的时候，我们的身体会产生应激反应。在这种情况下，出乎意料的噪声会导致荷尔蒙分泌加快，最终损害心脏。答案为D项。
词义猜测题专练(三)——句意猜测类
A
[2019·贵阳市高三适应性考试(一)] Elena Griffing has just spent her 72nd year working for the same San Francisco Bay Area hospital, and she has no plans to stop working anytime soon. The hospital has seen her recent 92nd birthday.
For Griffing, who has held several different positions in her decades of employment, every day on the job is a celebration. She can't wait to go to work every day and likes doing anything to help patients and others. She has taken only four days of sick leave in her 72 years of work.
On a Sunday about 17 years ago, she had her appendix (阑尾) cut off at the Berkeley facility. The following day, she put on her dress, walked one floor down from her hospital room and got to work. But when the doctor got wind, he sent her home.
Griffing's first day on the job was April 10, 1946, when she was 20. She worked there with founder and nurse Alta Alice Miner Bates. Her first job in the hospital was in the lab, where a woman's urine (尿) was put into animals like frogs and rabbits to determine if she had a baby. Griffing was the_right-hand_woman__to_the_doctor and quickly became experienced in the job.
Now, she is living a regular and comfortable life, enjoying gardening, jazz and coming to work. If she has her way, she'll keep working “until they throw me out or they carry me out in a box”．
体裁：记叙文 题材：个人经历 主题：一个工作了72年的护士
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个在医院连续工作72年的护士的爱岗敬业的故事。
【熟词生义】 leave常用义：v.离开
例句：He was not allowed to leave the country. 他不被允许离开这个国家。
本句义：n. 休假
例句：I enclose the doctor's certificate and ask you for sick leave of two days.现附上医生证明并向您请病假两天。
【难句分析】 Her first job in the hospital was in the lab, where a woman's urine (尿) was put into animals like frogs and rabbits to determine if she had a baby.
分析：本句是一个复合句。where引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词the lab; if引导宾语从句。
译文：她在医院的第一份工作是在实验室里把一位女士的尿液注入诸如青蛙和兔子等动物(的身体中)来确定她是否怀孕。
1．What does Griffing think about her work in the hospital?
A．It is a money-earning job.
B．It is a birthday celebration.
C．It is enjoyable.
D．It is helpful to her illness.
答案与解析：C 考查推理判断。根据第二段第一句“For Griffing, who has held several different positions in her decades of employment, every day on the job is a celebration”可知，在医院工作的每一天对Griffing来讲都是一种庆祝。由此可推知，Griffing认为在医院的工作是令人愉快的，故选C项。
2．What does the underlined part “the right-hand woman to the doctor” mean?
A．The woman newly being a doctor.
B．The woman good at helping the doctor.
C．The woman good at using the doctor's right hand.
D．The woman knowing nothing about the doctor.
答案与解析：B 考查句意猜测。根据第四段最后一句中的“quickly became experienced in the job”可推知，画线部分所在句表示Griffing是医生的得力助手，并很快对工作娴熟起来，故选B项。
3．When will Griffing probably stop working?
A．When she is 94 years old.
B．When she is dead.
C．When she is 72 years old.
D．When her appendix is cut off.
答案与解析：B 考查推理判断。根据最后一段最后一句“If she has her way, she'll keep working ‘until they throw me out or they carry me out in a box’”可推知，对Griffing来说，她将是生命不息，工作不止，故选B项。
4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．Never Too Old to Work
B．A Right-hand Woman
C．The Oldest Woman in the Hospital
D．An Old Woman Without Her Appendix
答案与解析：A 考查主旨大意。根据第一段开篇点题，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲述了一个在医院连续工作72年的护士爱岗敬业的故事，而且这名护士将是生命不息，工作不止，故选A项。
B
[2019·潍坊高考模拟] It's not easy feeling like you're always under the spotlight being judged for each little mistake you make. Your mind is in an endless circle playing what you said and did over and over again. You wish you had a time capsule to go back and make things right if you find mistakes. You fear what others will think about you and that they will reject and dislike you. You seek to be socially perfect.
Academically, you work long endless hours just to make those excellent marks. Although most would say “it's good to have high standards，” they have no idea about the internal hell you put yourself through to achieve perfection. If you come up less than your desired goal you feel as though you have failed, but you're far from failing, you just don't see it that way. So instead you are telling yourself that you're stupid, and not smart. The pressure you place on yourself weighs you down and you wear the “not good enough” label each and every day.
You not only have high standards for yourself but you also have them for others. If people don't perform up to your expectations, then you think they are incompetent. This causes a lot of frustration because you can't trust anyone to get things right. So instead of being a team player you fly solo (单飞) and try to do two or three jobs at once. Your unrealistic expectations cause you to criticize and judge others and that leads to problems in other areas of your life.
The attempt to be perfect is called perfectionism and it's the unachievable American dream that's damaging our emotional and mental health. We strive for perfection with our body, in our performance, and in our relationships. In_a_society_that_overstates_mistakes,_is_it_any_wonder_that_so_many_young_people_attempt_the_impossible_task_of_being_perfect?
We all have flaws, fears, and make mistakes, and that's perfectly OK. It's our imperfections that make life interesting and they help us grow into a stronger and more adaptable person. We don't have to strive to achieve the impossible. We are designed to be perfectly imperfect.
体裁：议论文 题材：社会文化 主题：不完美造就更好的我们
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文，通过对“完美主义者”的心态和做法的描述，向我们指出，完美是不可能实现的。正是我们的“不完美”使得我们的生活变得有趣，帮助我们成长。
5．What might be the most suitable title of the text?
A．Far From Failing
B．Perfectly Imperfect
C．Perfectionism Phenomenon
D．Unachievable American Dream
答案与解析：B 考查主旨大意。文章通篇讨论完美主义者的心态和做法，并在最后一段得出结论“It's our imperfections that make life interesting and they help us... We are designed to be perfectly imperfect.”，由此可知，正是我们的“不完美”使得我们的生活变得有趣，帮助我们成为更强大且适应性更强的人，有些事情根本就是不可能实现的，不完美反而造就更好的我们，故选B项。
6．Which of the following is a perfectionist most likely to agree?
A．Nobody is perfect.
B．Be generous with praise.
C．There is no best, only better.
D．A contented mind is an everlasting feast.
答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。根据文章第二段最后一句中的“you wear the ‘not good enough’ label each and every day”可知，完美主义者总认为自己不够好。C项：没有最好，只有更好，符合完美主义者的心态。故选C项。
7．What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4?
A．More and more people are tolerating mistakes.
B．The society is partly to blame for perfectionism.
C．Many young people find it impossible to be perfect.
D．It's unusual for a society to seek perfectionism nowadays.
答案与解析：B 考查句意猜测。根据第四段中的“The attempt to be perfect is called perfectionism and... in our relationships.”可知，美国梦就是追求完美，这个无法实现的梦想正在破坏着我们的情感和心理健康。美国梦代表的是美国社会，而这个夸大错误、追求完美的社会对年轻人追求完美的行为产生了一定影响，所以这个社会应为完美主义负部分责任，故选B项。
8．What does the author think of imperfection?
A．It's part of our life.
B．It's unbearable.
C．It deserves to be overcome.
D．It does harm to our mental health.
答案与解析：A 考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段可知，我们都有缺点，都会犯错误，正是这些不完美使得我们的生活变得有趣，帮助我们成为更强大且适应性更强的人，所以它是我们生活的一部分，故选A项。
C
[2019·长沙四校高考模拟卷(一)]Josh Morrison, 17, dreamed of raising $100,000 to build a home for a low-income family. After years of hard work, his dream has come true. The house is now in the early stages of building.
Six years ago, Josh and his dad went into a Habitat for Humanity ReStore, a home improvement store and donation center run by the nonprofit organization. They were there to buy a sink. Josh, then 11, also noticed a collection of pennies. “I instantly felt the urge to help out with that，” he said. Josh set a fundraising (筹款) deadline of four years. Many people doubted whether he could reach his goal of $100,000, but it didn't shake his faith. He raised money at his school and other nearby schools. He collected money from neighbors, got publicity from local newspapers, and placed cans in stores so that people could donate extra change.
Josh's fundraising efforts began to produce results. Still, there were challenges. Four months before his deadline, he was $30,000 short. He decided to hold a Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti Dinner in Uxbridge, which is in the province of Ontario. The event raised $19,000.
“I didn't care how long it took me，” Josh said. “I would raise $100,000.” With three weeks left, a company called Josh's house, offering to donate $18,000. Eventually, Josh reached a total of $124,000 before his deadline. “The___momentum_just_kept_going,_and we decided to do more，” he said. “Josh's Penny House” is being built by Habitat for Humanity in the city of Oshawa, along with 24 new townhouses. Josh has helped with some of the construction, as have other volunteers. He will choose the family that moves into the unit.
Next year, the 17-year-old will head to college in British Columbia, Canada's westernmost province. As an 11-year-old kid when starting fundraising, Josh was able to send a powerful message across the world. No matter how old you are, if you have a dream and are willing to do anything to achieve it, it can come true.
体裁：记叙文 题材：个人经历 主题：募捐建房
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。一个11岁的少年因一次偶然的经历，决定为低收入家庭募捐建房，经过数年的不懈努力，实现了这一梦想。
9．Which word can best describe Josh Morrison in paragraph 2?
A．Straightforward. B．Open-minded.
C．Determined. D．Cautious.
答案与解析：C 考查推理判断。结合文中对Josh Morrison筹款过程的描述以及第二段中的“Many people doubted whether he could reach his goal of $100,000, but it didn't shake his faith”可知，尽管很多人怀疑他是不是能在四年中完成这件事，但是他信念坚定。由此可见他是“意志坚定的”，故选C项。
10．Why was the Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti Dinner event in Uxbridge held?
A．To call for more attention.
B．To attain his goal.
C．To win approval from the locals.
D．To find sponsors for a family.
答案与解析：B 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“his goal of $100,000”和第三段中的“Still, there were challenges. Four months before his deadline, he was $30,000 short. He decided to hold a Family Fun Fair... $19,000”可知，在截止日期前的四个月，离他的筹款目标还差30 000美元，于是他决定举办这个活动来达到目标，故选B项。
11．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 mean?
A．His project became more popular.
B．He received continuous donations.
C．The result was beyond expectations.
D．He got more support from the company.
答案与解析：B 考查句意理解。根据下文中的“we decided to do more”以及“‘Josh's Penny House’ is being built by Habitat for Humanity in the city of Oshawa, along with 24 new townhouses. Josh has helped with some of the construction”可知，捐款势头一直保持下去，他收到了比最初目标多的钱，于是打算做更多，他帮助建造Josh's Penny House以及24所新住宅来帮助需要的人，所以画线处应意为“他继续收到捐款”，故选B项。
12．What will be the best title of the text?
A．An Astonishing Fundraiser
B．A Boy with a Warm Heart
C．Kindness from a Company
D．The Penny House Dream
答案与解析：D 考查主旨大意。文章主要讲述了一个11岁的少年经过几年不懈的努力，实现为低收入家庭募捐建房的梦想的经历。本文提到的“Josh's Penny House”是解题的暗示。钱是Josh一分分筹来的，因此本文最佳标题是D项。
词义猜测题专练(二)——猜测指代类
A
[2019·洛阳市第二次统考] There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think. On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are. Many associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families, holding a special and personal value for us. Food from our family often becomes the comfort food we seek as adults in times of frustration and stress.
On a large scale, traditional food is an important part of culture. It also operates as an expression of culture identity. Immigrants bring it wherever they go, and it is a symbol of pride for their culture and means of coping with homesickness.
Many immigrants open their own restaurants and serve traditional dishes. However, the food does not remain exactly the same. Some materials needed to make traditional dishes may not be readily available, so the taste and flavor can be different from what they would prepare in their home countries. Additionally, immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes about the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers. Those changes can create new flavors that still keep the cultural significance of the dishes.
We should embrace our heritage (传统) through our culture's food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food. It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it. Food is a window into culture, and it should be treated as such.
体裁：议论文 题材：饮食文化 主题：食物和文化之间的联系
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了食物和文化之间的联系。
【难句分析】 It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it.
分析：本句中第一个it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式；“that each dish has... who prepare it”是that引导的宾语从句，从句中含有“介词＋which”引导的定语从句和who引导的定语从句，who引导的定语从句修饰先行词those。
译文：重要的是要记住，每一道菜在它所属的文化中都有一个特殊的位置，而且对于烹饪它的人来说也是特别的。
1．What's the fun_ction of food mentioned in the text?
A．To help motivate homesickness.
B．To show national identity.
C．To reflect a country's history.
D．To show a community's superiority.
答案与解析：B 考查细节理解。根据第一段第二、三句“On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are”，再根据第二段的第二句“It also operates as an expression of culture identity”可知，文章中提到的食物的作用是显示国家身份，故选B项。
2．What does the underlined “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The specific traditional food.
B．The national culture.
C．A traditional expression of food.
D．The old-fashioned taste.
答案与解析：A 考查代词指代。通读第二段可知，传统食物是文化的一个重要部分，它显示了文化身份，移民不管去哪儿都带着它，它象征着对自己文化的骄傲，也是排解乡愁的方法。由此可推知，it指代传统食物，故选A项。
3．Why do some immigrants have to change the original dishes in their restaurant?
A．To attach cultural importance to their dishes.
B．To announce the beginning of their life on foreign soil.
C．To make the dishes popular among customers.
D．To present their own food culture in a new way.
答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。根据第三段的第四、五句“Additionally, immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes about the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers”可知，移民不仅把菜肴卖给来自相同国家的人，而且卖给不同国家的人。为了使菜肴受到顾客的欢迎，一些移民不得不改变传统的菜肴，故选C项。
4．What's the author's attitude towards different food cultures?
A．Negative. B．Balanced.
C．Unfair. D．Unchangeable.
答案与解析：B 考查观点态度。根据最后一段的第一句“We should embrace our heritage (传统) through our culture's food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food”可知，我们应该通过我们文化的食物来接受我们的传统，但也应该通过尝试其他文化的食物来了解更多文化。由此可推知，作者对不同的食物文化持客观公正的态度，故选B项。
B
[2019·唐山一模] Since their earliest days, American colleges and universities have based their study programs around what is known as the liberal arts.
Liberal arts education does not require students to study only one subject. Apart from a major like history or politics, students also take classes in other subjects that may not directly relate to their majors. This is meant to give students a wider understanding of the world as well as improve the critical thinking skills.
However, in recent years, many Americans have avoided liberal arts degree programs. That is mainly due to the belief that students who graduate with degrees in science, technology, engineering and mathematics, known as STEM, are more likely to find well-paid jobs.
But a new survey conducted by the labor market research company Emsiand the Strada Education Network research group suggests liberal arts graduates are just as desirable to employers in the modern labor market.
According to the survey, 82% of liberal arts degree holders from four-year programs are employed. Those who are employed full-time made about $20,000 more per year than people with no higher education at all. And liberal arts degree holders with advanced degrees earned an additional $20,000 on average.
Rob Sentz, who works with Emsi, says an engineering student may be immediately hired after graduation. But very often, engineering programs fail to teach students how to work well with others or communicate complex ideas in a simple way. Those are exactly the types of skills taught in liberal arts education.
Nicole Smith, an economist, notes that with the rise of artificial intelligence, companies producing these intelligent machines need help teaching them how to think more like and interact with human beings. They need help selling products and solving problems, which are skills that come from a liberal arts education.
Sentz and Smith agree the biggest challenge facing liberal arts graduates is showing employers what their skills are and the value they represent.
体裁：说明文 题材：文化教育 主题：文科教育的优势
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，通过介绍文科生的专业特征和就业市场的现状来说明文科生的职业优势和就业前景。对于那些只注重工科学习的学生来说，他们在沟通方面有明显的不足，而这一点恰恰是文科学生的优势。
5．Why does liberal arts education require students to learn more than their majors?
A．To teach students how to communicate with others.
B．To broaden students' horizons and promote their critical thinking.
C．To encourage students to learn as many subjects as possible.
D．To push students toward liberal arts degree programs.
答案与解析：B 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“This is meant to give students a wider understanding of the world as well as improve their critical thinking skills.”可知，要求文科生学习更多专业以外的知识是为了让学生更广泛地了解世界，同时提高他们的批判性思维能力，故选B项。
6．What advantage do liberal arts graduates have over STEM graduates?
A．They have more access to well-paid jobs.
B．They have greater appeal for employers.
C．They are more skilled in communicating.
D．They are better at designing intelligent machines.
答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“But very often, engineering programs fail to teach students how to work well with others or communicate complex ideas in a simple way. Those are exactly the types of skills taught in liberal arts education.”可知，文科生相对于理科生更善于交际和表达，故选C项。
7．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 7 refer to?
A．Machines. B．Graduates.
C．Companies. D．Skills.
答案与解析：A 考查代词指代。本题解题的关键在于teaching的直接宾语是“how to think more like and interact with human beings”， 所以them不可能指人类，再结合前面“producing these intelligent machines”修饰companies可知，them是指智能机器，故选A项。
8．What's the main idea of the text?
A．The modern labor market is full of great challenges.
B．Liberal arts education needs to reform its study programs.
C．STEM graduates are losing their advantages in the labor market.
D．Liberal arts graduates have a bright future in the labor market.
答案与解析：D 考查主旨大意。本文主要介绍了文科教育的优势和就业前景。大学的文科教育宗旨赋予的文科生所特有的一些优势成为他们在就业市场上的有利因素，就业前景一片光明，故选D项。
C
[2019·湖南省岳阳市质量监测(二)] When I was a very little child, I remember watching TV and seeing other children suffer in other parts of the world. I would talk to myself, “When I grow up and become rich, I'll save kids all over the world.”
At the age of 17, I began my career here in America, and by 18, I started my first charity organization. I went on to team up with other organizations in the following years, and met, helped, and even lost some of the most beautiful souls, from six-year-old Jasmina Anema who passed away in 2010 from leukemia (白血病) — her story inspired thousands to volunteer as donors, to 2012 when my grandmother lost her battle with cancer, which is the very reason and the driving force behind the Clara Lionel Foundation (CLF). We're all humans. And we all just want a chance: a chance at life, a chance in education, a chance at a future, really. And at CLF, our mission is to impact as many lives as possible, but it starts with just one.
People make it seem too hard to do charity work. The truth is, you don't have to be rich to help others. You don't need to be famous. You don't even have to be college-educated. But it starts with your neighbor, the person right next to you, the person sitting next to you in class, the kid down the block in your neighborhood. You just do whatever you can to help in any way that you can. And today, I want to challenge each of you to make a commitment to help one person, one organization, one situation that touches your heart. My grandmother always used to say, “If you've gotten a dollar, there's plenty to share.”
体裁：记叙文 题材：个人经历 主题：力所能及地去帮助别人
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，作者年少时立志长大后要帮助所有遭受痛苦的孩子们，长大后他兑现承诺从事慈善事业，并号召人们力所能及地去帮助别人。
【难句分析】 I went on to team up with other organizations in the following years, and met, helped, and even lost some of the most beautiful souls, from six-year-old Jasmina Anema who passed away in 2010 from leukemia — her story inspired thousands to volunteer as donors, to 2012 when my grandmother lost her battle with cancer, which is the very reason and the driving force behind the Clara Lionel Foundation (CLF)．
分析：本句为主从复合句。句子主干为I went on to team up with other organizations in the following years, and met, helped, and even lost some of the most beautiful souls, ... who passed away in 2010 from leukemia是定语从句，who为关系代词指代先行词six-year-old Jasmina Anema; which is the very reason and the driving force behind the Clara Lionel Foundation也是定语从句，关系代词which代指前面“奶奶因癌症去世”这件事。
译文：在接下来的这些年里，“我”继续与其他组织合作，并认识帮助了，甚至也失去了一些最美好的灵魂，从六岁大的、于2010年死于白血病的亚斯米娜·阿尼玛——她的故事鼓舞数以千计的人志愿成为捐赠者，到2012年我的奶奶死于癌症，她的离世正是我创建克拉拉·莱昂内尔基金会的原因和驱动力。
9．What did the author want to do at a young age?
A．Watch TV. B．Grow up quickly.
C．Become wealthy. D．Help other children.
答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“I would talk to myself, ‘When I grow up and become rich, I'll save kids all over the world.’”可知，作者在很小的时候看到世界上其他地方遭受痛苦的孩子们时，他就对自己说：等“我”长大后变得有钱时会拯救全世界的孩子们，故选D项。
10．Which of the following directly caused the author to create and develop the CLF?
A．A six-year-old kid's request.
B．Her grandmother's death of cancer.
C．Many volunteers' inspiration for it.
D．Other organizations' encouragement.
答案与解析：B 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“... 2012 when my grandmother lost her battle with cancer, which is the very reason and the driving force behind the Clara Lionel Foundation (CLF)”可知，奶奶因癌症去世是作者创建克拉拉·莱昂内尔基金会的直接原因，故选B项。
11．What does the underlined word “one” in Paragraph 2 refer
to?
A．A chance. B．A life.
C．A task. D．An organization.
答案与解析：B 考查代词指代。根据第二段最后一句“And at CLF, our mission is to impact as many lives as possible, but it starts with just one.”可知，克拉拉·莱昂内尔基金会的使命是去影响尽可能多的生命，但是它要从一个生命开始，由此可知，one指代many lives当中的一个，故选B项。
12．What does the author suggest people do in the last paragraph?
A．Do little things to help those around them.
B．Work very hard to get a college education.
C．Challenge their friends to offer help.
D．Do charity work when you are rich.
答案与解析：A 考查细节理解。根据最后一段内容可知，帮助别人不需要你多么富有，不需要你有多大名气，甚至不需要你受过高等教育；你可以从帮助邻居开始，从你身边的人开始，从附近街区的孩子开始；你只需要以任何可能的方式，尽己所能地去帮助别人，即“Do little things to help those around them”，故选A项。
