北师大版高中英语高考总复习：16总复习：代词（含答案解析）
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高考总复习：代词
真题再现
1. （2019重庆模拟）The meeting will be held in September, but____ knows the date for sure.
A. everybody B. nobody C. anybody D. somebody
2. （2019 四川模拟）Niki is always full of ideas, but _____ is useful to my knowledge.
A. nothing B. no one C. neither D. none
3. （2019福建模拟）The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but __________ contained any useful suggestions.
A. all B. none C. either D. neither
4. —John, when shall we meet again, Thursday or Friday?
—_________. I’ll be off to London then.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
5. （2019 陕西模拟）To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against .
A. another B. the other C. other D. either
6. Studying Wendy’s menu, I found that many of the items are similar to ____ of McDonald’s.
A. those B. one C. any D. all
7. Sophia waited for a reply, but _____ came.
A. either B. another C. neither D. none
8.（2019天津模拟）The quality of education in this small school is better than ______ in some larger schools.
A. that B. one C. it D. this
9. （2019 浙江模拟）How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?
A. them B. one C. those D. it
10. When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or __________. A. whoever B. wherever C. whatever D. however
1. B。此题考查的知识点是不定代词。句子大意：会议将在九月份举行，但是没有人知道确切的日子。故B正确。
2. D。句意：Niki总有很多点子，但据我所知没一个有用。nothing “没有东西，没有事情”，泛指什么东西都没有，与句意不符。no one只能指“没有人”，排除。neither用于表示第二个人或者物“也不……”或“两者都不”，排除。none既可指人也可指物，用于三者（以上）的全部否定，表示“（某些人或物中）没有一个”，符合题意。
3. D。该句中all全部；none没有一个；either两个中任何一个；两者都不。根据该句意思：那个研究团队在那个调查上得出了两个报告，但是两个报告里面没有任何有用的参考。
4. B。根据答语“I’ll be off to London then.”可知，约定的星期三或者星期五对John来说，都不行。在选项中B选项是“两者都不”之意，符合语境。因此，正确答案为B选项。
5. B．句意：为了温暖自己，这个水手坐在火前面一只光脚摩擦另外一只脚。因为人有两只脚，一只是one，另外一只是the other，所以选B。
6. A。those = that ones，代指前面的many of the items，表示复数、特指，被of McDonald’s.修饰，符合语境。ones表示复数、泛指；any任何一个；all全部，均不符合语境，故排除。
7. D。句意为：Sophia等候答复，但没有任何答复。根据转折连词but可知，此处应用表示否定意义的代词，排除A项和B项。neither意为“两者都不”，排除C项。D项说法正合句意。
8. A。本题考查的是代词的指代用法。句意：这所小学校的教育质量要好于一些大学校。句中代词代指不可数名词the quality of education，故用代词that。代词it和one都代指可数名词单数。故选A。
9. D。句意：当你正在看一个你喜欢的节目时，突然有个人进来，一声不吭地关掉电视，你会怎么想？it作形式宾语，指代if后面的句子。
10. 解析：A。此处whoever是代词，意为：任何人，无论谁。它作to的宾语。句意：你看完书后，把书给Lucy或Helen，或谁都行。
语法讲解
高考考纲对代词考点的要求是：了解代词的分类；掌握人称代词的格及其语法功能；掌握名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词的用法和区分；掌握反身代词的用法及其语法功能；掌握指示代词、不定代词和相互代词的用法，特别是不定代词的用法比较。
对代词部分的备考注意力应集中于不定代词，应重点学习不定代词的意义特征和语法特征。
分类
代词是用来指代人或事物的词。代词可分为下列八类：
人称代词：
主格：I, you, she, he, it, we, you, they
宾格：me, you, her, him, it, us, you, them
物主代词：
形容词性：my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their
名词性：mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs
反身代词：myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
相互代词：each other, one another
指示代词：this, that, these, those, such
疑问代词：what, when, who, where, whose
关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose
不定代词：any, some, every, many, much, a little
人称代词
人称代词分主格和宾格两种，前者在句子中担任主语，后者担任动词或介词的宾语。
They study German.
Please pass me the ruler.
人称代词的排列一般为：第二人称，第三人称，第一人称。
you, he and I/ them and us
物主代词
形容词性物主代词只能作定语。注意：汉语中“我的”、“你的”有时省略，但在英语中一般不省略，比如break your promise; put your hands in your pockets。
My brother often does his homework in his room.
The newly-built house is our laboratory.
Anything has its character individually.
名词性物主代词则可以在句中充当主语、宾语、表语。它的意义相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，或者说它相当于名词。
His dictionary is English-Chinese, but mine is English-English.
We each bought a new book. Yours is about management and mine is about the American history.
反身代词
反身代词在句子中可作宾语：当它作动词宾语时，动作的执行者与承受者往往是同一个人或同一件事物；当它作介词by的宾语时，则表示强调。
The prisoner killed himself by taking poison.
He finished the work by himself.
反身代词在句子中也可作同位语，用来加强名词或代词的语气，强调某人亲自、本人；这时它可能在名词、代词之后，也可能在句子末尾。
The students will clean the classroom themselves.
I myself heard him say it.
相互代词
each other通常指两者之间的“相互”，one another侧重三者或三者以上的“相互”，两者的区别不大。作定语时在第二个词尾加’s。
指示代词
指示词有this, that, these, those, such等。注意以下四点：
1. this, these是时间或空间上的“近指”；that, those是时间或空间上的“远指”。
2. 指上文提到的事一般用that，有时也用this，指下文的事只能用this。
3. 打电话时，用this来介绍自己，用that来问对方，不用I或you。
4. this和that还可表示程度，意为“如此，那么”，相当于so，作状语。
疑问代词
疑问代词用于构成特殊疑问句，其中what, which, whose兼有形容词特征，可以和名词连用。
What job do you want to find?
Whose girl is she?
Which subject is your best one?
所有疑问代词都可以起名词作用，在句子中担任成分。
Who told you?
Whom are you waiting for?
Whose are those books?
which和what
两者均可与名词连用，就人或物提问。但是which一般用于有一定选择范围的情况，what用于无选择范围或究竟是什么还不清楚的情况。
Which color do you like — green, red, yellow or brown?
What color is her dress?
What writers do you like best?
which和who
两者都可作代词，它们的区别是不管选择的范围是大还是小，which一般用作指物。
Which would you like to eat, steak or fish?
Who won the game, Smith or Johnson?
当有一定选择范围时，which one代替who作宾语.
Which one do you like better, your mother or your father?
连接代词
连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever, whoever等，除起连接作用外，还可以在从句中担当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。
The question is who can operate the new machine.（引导表语从句作主语）
They asked whose idea this was.（引导宾语从句作定语）
When you are older, you can watch whatever programme you like.（引导宾语从句作定语）
I'll give my ticket to whoever wants it. （这里whoever可看成“anyone who”，or“the person who”）.
关系代词
关系代词是引导定语从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有who, whose, whom, that, which。它们在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语。在主句中，它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。
A plane is a machine that can fly.
The foreigner who visited our class yesterday is from Canada.
不定代词：
all和 both
both用于两个人或事物，all用于两个以上的人或事物，均可作主语。
All (of us) like fruits.
Both (of them) are good at English.
用作同位语。作主语同位语时须注意它们的位置不同，位于行为动词之前或be动词之后。
They all (both) agreed with me.
I know them all (both).
one 和 it
one代替可数名词，表示上面所提到的那一类人或物中的一个（同类一个），其复数形式带定语时用ones，不带定语时用some。而it则用于指代上文提到的那个表示物的名词本身，既可指单数可数名词也可指不可数名词（同名同物）。
I don't have a watch but I'm going to buy one (some).
I have a bicycle. My aunt gave it to me.
no one和none
no one只用于指人，而none既可指人也可指物。如果说“若干人（物）之中一个也不”，用“none of”。后接复数名词时，谓语可以用复数，也可用单数；后接不可数名词时，谓语用单数。
No one told me that he had gone to Shanghai.
None of them have（has）arrived yet.（不用no one）
None of the money is mine.
both, either 和neither
这三个词都可以用来指两个人或两件事物，但各自的意义都不相同：both表示“两个都”、either表示“两个中的任何一个”、 neither表示“两者都不……”。它们在句中都分别可以做主语、宾语和定语，both还可以作同位语。
each 和 every
each和every都有“每一个”的意思，但它们在句子里各自强调的侧重点却不同：every 从每一个个体着眼而强调“整体”；而each却是把一些东西一个一个地加以考虑，强调“各个”。every只能作定语；each则可以作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。另外，every可用于“every other (或every +数词 ) + 名词”的结构中，表示“每隔……”。
every other day 每隔一天；every three years 每隔三年；
every third year 每隔三年； every other line 每隔一行；
every ten miles每隔十英里
some 和any
some 与any都表示“一些”，它们作定语时多用，这时候some多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句。在表示请求、建议、反问或是希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，常用some而不用any。另外some可与数词连用，表示“大约”的意思。
Could you mind buying me some envelopes on your way to school?
Some hundred teachers have moved into new houses.
few, a few, little, a little
few 与little都有“几乎没有”的否定意思，few用于可数名词，little用于不可数名词；a few与 a little 表示“几个或一点”的肯定意思，a few用于可数名词a little用于不可数名词。
one…the other 和some…others
one...the other指“两个中的一个……，另外一个……”；“some…others”指“群体中一些人……，另一些人……”。
She has two children. One is a boy; the other is a girl.
They have different ideas about how to spend their weekend. Some think that it is good to have a party. Others prefer to have an outing.
no和none
二者都表示否定意义：no = not any 意在强调“一个都不、一点都不”，它只能作形容词，一般与名词连用；而none则相当于名词，可独立在句中充当成分，none of表示在某一范围内“任何一个也不”。
合成不定代词
常用的合成不定代词有以下几组：
something某物/某事，somebody某人，someone 某人;
anything任何事物，anybody任何人，anyone任何人 ；
everything一切事物，everybody每个人，everyone每个人 ；
nothing无事、无物，no one没有人，nobody无人
注意：
1. 当它们用作主语时应看作单数。
2. 它们只能作名词，不能看作形容词而充当定语。
3. 如果它们带有修饰语，修饰语只能放在它们的后面。
another的用法
another 泛指“另一个；又一个”，后面可以接单数名词也可以接“数词+复数名词”。
That boy will be another Nelson.
Have another piece of cake.
They had three goals in the first half, and another two in the second.
【 代词】
everyone和every one
everyone 指人，不能用 of做定语。every one 指人/物, 可以用of 短语做定语。
Everyone has taken part in the performance.
Every one of the students likes the teacher.
这种区别存在于anyone与 any one; someone与some one之间。
部分否定与全部否定
all, both, every和not 连用是部分否定。
All stone is not hard.
Everybody doesn’t know it.
Not both of them are rich.
如果表示全部否定,需用none, nothing, nobody, no one, neither等.
one 作代词
one替代由可数名词所表示的一类人或事,即泛指。
I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have one.
如特指必须加上限定词(如a, the, this, that等)、物主代词或形容词加以修饰。
If you don't like this blue coat, you can buy a black one.
I don't want the book on the shelf; I want this one on the desk.
复数形式ones作替代词时，只可替代同一类人或事物的复数名词，前面必须有限定词。
Mr. Zhang gave the textbooks to the pupils except the ones who had already taken them.
I don’t want to buy these small pears; I want some large ones.
She wants to buy some new clothes and throw away all her old ones. ■
“ It”的用法
用作代词，代替前文提到过的同一事物。
Where is the cat? It's in the kitchen.
My book is missing. I can't find it anywhere.
表示时间，天气，距离等。
A lovely day, isn't it?
It's two o'clock.
用作形式主语，形式宾语，代替不定式短语，动名词或从句。
It's no use talking with him about that.
It took me twenty minutes to get there.
We think it important that college students should master at least one foreign language.
用在强调结构中。为了强调句子的某一成分（通常是主语，宾语或状语），常用强调结构“It is (was) + 被强调成分 + that(who)…”。
It was Liu Ming that I saw in the street this morning.
It was in the classroom that he told me about it.
巩固练习
一、单项选择
1. (2019 四川省德阳市高三“二诊”考试) Why don't you do __________ to end all this mess?
A． anything B．nothing C． everything D．something
2. (2019 福建省高三毕业班质量检查) Obviously, the ability to talk is ______ that marks humans off from animals.
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
3. (2019 高陕西省西安地区八校高三下学期联考)It will not be many decades before Chinese businesses own more profits abroad than now________ of any other nation．
A．those B．these C．that D．ones
4. "What do you think of them?" "I don't know _____ is better, so I've taken _____ of them."
A. what, both B. what, none C. which, both D. which, none
5. —Would you like a cup of coffee or a glass of beer?
—____ will do, but milk is _____ popular with me.
A. Neither, not B. Both, more
C. Either, the most D. All, the most
6. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _____ it was?
A. where B. what C. how D. which
7. These trousers are dirty and wet—I'll change into my _____.
A. another B. trousers C. others D. other
8. Her lecture was hard to follow because she kept jumping from one subject to _____.
A. other B. the other C. the others D. another
9. There are four bedrooms, ______ with its own bathroom.
A. all B. each C. every D. either
10. —It's said that he is a wise leader.
—Oh, no, he is _____ but a wise leader.
A. anything B. anyone C. anybody D. anywhere
11. Tell _______ you like—it makes no difference to me.
A. anyone B. who C. whoever D. what
12. The teacher told us that the problem was not _____ easy and that we should think _____ over carefully.
A. such, it B. that, it C. such, 不填 D. that，不填
13. The camera isn't good enough; I want to change ______.
A. another B. a good one C. it with another D. it for another
14. I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with ______.
A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
15. —Is there ______ here?
—No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.
A. anybody B. everybody C. somebody D. nobody
16. —If you want a necklace, I'll buy one for you at once.
—Oh, no. A necklace is not _____ that I need most.
A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything
17. Some say one thing, but _____.
A. other, another B. others, another
C. others, the other D. the others, others
18. He is a hard-working student, _____ who will be successful in whatever career he chooses.
A. that B. he C. one D. which
二、完形填空
阅读下列短文，掌握其大意，然后从1—20各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
One British school is finding that allowing children to listen to music or even to have the TV on while studying is helping improve grades. 1 your teenager starts a family quarrel by sitting in an armchair listening to music while doing his homework, why not 2 a simple experiment? 3 taking the heavy handed(严厉的)line of 4 him to his bedroom to get on with it 5 , let him do the homework the 6 he wants. You might well find that his essay is more sparkling than 7 he has done before.
According to the research of Millfield school, around 20% of youngsters 8 best with background music, 10% excel(突出)when allowed to 9 their work with short walks around the room while up to 80% can concentrate 10 if allowed to fiddle(用手拨弄)with a small object.
The research has advised the school to adopt a complete 11 approach, analyzing pupils to discover which learning style 12 them best—then letting them do their work listening to music or 13 lying down. 14 parents at first regarded the 15 as a layabout’s (懒散闲荡的人)deed but many are now applying it at 16 where children are also allowed to do their work 17 the television on.
“I 18 to work on the floor with music on low,” admits Susan, 13, a day girl. “At first my parents thought I was skiving (逃避), but my 19 persuaded them to look at my homework and when they saw it was okay, they 20 .”
1. A. Next time B. Then C. Before long D. In case
2. A. take B. try C. form D. allow
3. A. In spite of B. Except for C. In place of D. Rather than
4. A. causing B. advising C. ordering D. permitting
5. A. quickly B. quietly C. carefully D. attentively
6. A. atmosphere B. way C. method D. means
7. A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything
8. A. work B. relax C. think D. progress
9. A. break out B. break down C. break up D. break in
10. A. faster B. deeper C. better D. worse
11. A. new B. special C. common D. interesting
12. A. interests B. affects C. suits D. improves
13. A. still B. perhaps C. almost D. even
14. A. Doubtful B. Puzzled C. Angry D. Unpleased
15. A. move B. suggestion C. research D. problem
16. A. school B. class C. home D. last
17. A. while B. when C. as D. with
18. A. continue B. hope C. hate D. prefer
19. A. teacher B. classmate C. friend D. neighbor
20. A. refused B. agreed C. stopped D. accepted
三、阅读理解
（2019 北京海淀区高三一模）阅读下面短文，从题中所给的四个选项（A， B， C和D）中选择正确的答案。
Did you see American figure skater, Jeremy Abbott, crash to the ice during the short program at the Sochi Olympics, rolling into the wall, clutching his side in pain? Ten seconds later, he got up and continued his skate—despite the pain, embarrassment and fear. All I could think was: this kid’s got courage. In business we have a word for it—resilience, the ability to gain strengths and confidence from overcoming unpleasant events.
However, opposite examples appeared in Sochi Olympics as well. For them, failure is someone else’s fault, because they do not accept personal responsibility. Therefore, they have to pay a high price for this attitude. After years of studying failure, I have learned one thing: modesty and open-mindedness in the face of mistakes is the single best thing you can do to improve results. Everyone fails, but not everyone recovers from failure. The key is to learn from it rather than get beaten by it.
The good news is that each of us has the potential to live a resilient life on and off the job. It may be difficult, but that just makes it all the more powerful and important. If you believe the above paragraph to be true, then you’re probably more resilient than you think you are. It takes confidence to be resilient but that too much confidence is a killer is so true of leadership. For example, Ron Johnson, the ill-fated CEO of JC Penney, was so stubborn that he completely missed all sorts of signals from employees and customers and instead listened to all those who agreed with him, which failed his strategy. Bouncing back from failure requires that you recognize something has gone wrong, and you were the one who made it happen.
The challenge of resilience is not just about our work. When parents help their kids deal with every challenging situation, they are doing an unhelpful action to their children. Parents want to protect their kids from failure, but doing so takes away the opportunity from them to practice not just a life skill but an essential work skill. When self-esteem becomes more important than results, we are accidently training young people to become less adaptable, not more.
Resilience is not just about getting up off the floor, but also being ready for whatever comes next, even when you don’t know what it is. Failures and setbacks are no longer unusual events, but regular features of a dynamic, competitive and highly demanding work environment. Getting up to finish your skate is no longer optional.
1. The example of Jeremy Abbott shows that one should ______.
A. recover from failure B. stick to his own viewpoint
C. take others’ opinions to heart D. challenge difficulties bravely
2. According to the author, what can best build up resilience?
A. Being positive and powerful.
B. Being competitive and helpful.
C. Being modest and open-minded.
D. Being confident and responsible.
3. Which of the following examples shows us resilience?
A. A teacher offers students timely help and care.
B. A determined athlete practices skating hard every day.
C. A confident leader persuades his staff to follow his plan.
D. A student has got a low grade but continues to work hard.
4. Which might be the best title for the passage?
A. An Example of Resilience: Ron Johnson B. Resilience: A Lesson from Sochi
C. Optional Challenges of Resilience D. Resilience in Family Education
/
四、语法填空
（1）
Nowadays, millions 1 lonely singles are now going online instead. 2 World Wide Web is quickly becoming the world’s most popular matchmaker(媒人).
Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet 3 because their busy lifestyles leave them little time to look for a significant other. Using dating sites(约会网址) is quick and convenient. Many singles say the regular dating scene 4 (just lead) them from one bad experience to 5 and are ready to try something else. Dating sites also make 6 easy to avoid someone 7 you are not interested in. In the real world, 8 however, ignoring someone you don’t like can be difficult.
Despite all the advantages, online dating also presents its own set of problems. People aren’t always those who they declare to be in their online 9 (describe). Safety is another concern. You are just 10 (like) to find a criminal online as you are Mr. Or Miss Right.
(2)
Once, a rich man was near death. He was very upset because he had worked so hard for his money 1 he hoped he could take it with him to heaven. So he prayed to God he might be able to take some money with him.
2 angel heard his pray and appeared. “Sorry, 3 you can’t take your wealth with you.” The man begged the angel to speak to God to see 4 he might break the rules. The angel reappeared and said that God could allow him to take one suitcase. Excitedly, the man gathered his suitcase and filled it 5 pure gold bars.
Afterward, he died and showed up in heaven to greet St. Peter. 6 (see) the suitcase, St. Peter said, “Hold on, you can’t bring that here!” The man explained that he had God’s 7 (permit). St. Peter checked it out, came back and said, “You are right. You are allowed one carry-on bag, but I’m supposed to check its contents (内容) 8 letting it through.”
St. Peter opened the suitcase to inspect the things 9 the man found too precious to leave behind and exclaimed (感叹), “You brought pavement? As you can see, the great street of the city of heaven 10 (make) of pure gold!”
五、书面表达
第一节
（2019 海淀高三一模）你们班同学打算周六去爬香山。请给外教Chris写一封英文信，邀请他参加此次活动。具体内容如下：
1. 时间：8 am—5 pm；
2. 集合地点：校门口；
3. 交通工具：公交车；
4. 携带物品：雨具，午餐，相机。
注意：1. 词数不少于50；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Chris，
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节
（2019 海淀高三一模）假设你是红星中学高三（1）班的学生李华。你班同学张强即将去国外读书，下面四幅图描述了同学们为他送行的过程，请根据图片的先后顺序用英语写一篇日记。
注意：1. 日记的开头已为你写好。
2. 词数不少于60。
/
Monday, March 10 Fine
This afternoon, ______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________
答案与解析
一、单项选择
1. D。解析：Why don’t you do something? /Why not do something? “你为什么不做某事呢？”
2. A，显然,说话的能力是标志着人类与动物区别，something 代词，表示“主要的或值的注意的事物”。本句话直译就是：在人和动物的区别上，说话能力是很重要的一件事。
3. A。解析：句意：要不了几十年中国的商业就会从国外比其他任何国家的生意赚取更多的利润。根据题干前文businesses，与之对应的是those。故选D。
4. C。做好此题的关键是要注意句中的better一词，由于better用的是比较级，说明比较的对象应是两者，由此可推知第二空应填both；另一方面，由于所谈论的是两者，说明选择范围比较窄、比较明确，所以第一空应填which。
5. C。此题的关键是要注意到下文提到的milk既不是coffee也不是beer，而是除这两者外的第三者，故第二空应填the most，即此题最佳答案为C。
6. D。主要与上文的some book or other (某一本书)这一语境有关，全句句意为：“我在某一本书上读到过它，是哪一本书这很重要吗?”
7. C。从语法上看，another后通常接单数名词，而不接trousers这样的复数名词（若用another pair则可以）；也不能选trousers是因为填它句子意思不通。最佳答案应选C，others相当于other trousers，其中的other与前面的these相对照。
8. D。使用one ... the other ...时，我们通常是针对两者而言的，即指“两者中的一个......，另一个......”；如果所谈论的情况不是针对两者而言的，而是针对多者而言的，那么我们就不宜在one后使用the other，而考虑用another。
9. B。原因是空格后的隐藏信息its，它表示空格处应填一个单数代词，但是不能选C，因为every不能这样单独使用。此题容易误选A，认为既然前面出现了four bedrooms，故填each与之对应。
10. A。因为anything but是习语，意为“根本不是”或“一点也不”，不仅可用于事物，也可用于人。如：
I'll do anything but that. 我绝不会干那种事。
Such a man was anything but a hero. 那样的人绝不算英雄。
11. C。若将A, B两项合起来，即用anyone who这样的形式则也可以。选C，whoever引导一个宾语从句，用作动词tell的宾语。
12. B。第一空填that，that用作副词，相当于so，又如：Is it always that hot? 总那么热吗?（其中的 that hot 可以换成 so hot，但不能换成 such hot）。
13. D。英语中的change sth表示的是“换某物”，sth是被换的东西，而change sth for sth else表示的才是“用某物换另一物”。比较：
That coat was too large and I had to change it. 那件外套太大了，我得去换一件。
That coat was too large and I had to change it for a smaller one. 那件外套太大了，我得去换一件小一点的。
14. A。注意前文的I agree with most of what you said(我同意你说的大部分内容)，其后的not 与everything构成部分否定，意为"不是所有的都同意"，前后两部分用转折连词but连接，语气通顺、连贯。
15. B。主要与上下文的语境有关。全文语境为：“大家都到齐了吗？”“没有，Bob 和Tim 两人请假了。”假若我们将此题作如下变换，则情形就会有所不同：
"Is there ______ here?" "Yes, I'm upstairs. Please come and help me."
A. anybody B. everybody C. somebody D. nobody
此题的最佳答案应是A，而不是B。
16. B。something在此的意思不是“某种东西”，而是指“那种东西”或“这种东西”，即心中最想要的那种东西(相当于the thing)。
17. B。but others another为but others say another之省略。在并列句中，若后面分句与前面分句有相同的词，常把后一分句中的相同部分给省略掉，以避免重复。如：
One soldier was killed and another wounded. 有一名士兵被打死，另一名被打伤。(wounded 前省略了was)
18. C。one相当于a student。
二、完形填空
文章通过一项最新研究说明，孩子在做作业时听音乐不仅不会影响孩子的学习和进步，反而会有利于孩子集中精力，学得更好。作者开门见山地点明中心，然后通过具体的调查为自己的话题提供可靠的依据。理清文章的结构、抓住作者要说明的话题，并结合作者叙述的具体事例来分析是做好这篇完形填空的关键。
1. A。在具体的语境中考查名词短语用作连词的用法。名词短语next time用来引导时间状语从句，当“下一次……的时候”讲。
2. B。try an experiment当“做实验”讲。
3. D。rather than表示“不……，而……”，全句的意思是“不用原来的老办法而尝试一种新办法”。只有rather than符合逻辑。in spite of当“尽管”讲;in place of当“替换”讲;except for当“只是……”讲，强调整体中的细节。
4. C。由前面“严厉的措辞”可知，此处是命令孩子。
5. B。不让孩子听音乐，也就是让孩子“安静地”做作业。
6. B。way后搭配定语从句，其他三个名词无此用法。
7. D。anything当“任何事情”讲，此处是强调音乐的作用。
8. A。work“工作”，此处说明孩子学习时的整个状态。其他三个选项在意义上不够全面。
9. C。此处指孩子在做作业的过程中可以散会儿步，即“中断”做作业。break out战争、争吵等“爆发”;break in当“插话”讲;break down当“出故障;粉碎”讲。
10. C。指孩子在有音乐时能“更好地”集中注意力。worse与题意相悖，其他两项意义具有片面性。
11. A。让孩子听着音乐做作业，这是一种“新的”方式。
12. C。让孩子选择最“适合”自己的学习方式，suit“适合”，符合题意。
13. D。even“甚至”，用来表示程度的递增，符合逻辑。
14. A。由后面他们把这项举动当作懒汉的行为判断，此处指“持怀疑态度的”父母。
15. A。move当名词“举动”讲。
16. C。由转折词but判断，原来持怀疑态度的父母最终接受了这一方式。
17. D。此处是with + n. + adv.构成的复合结构作伴随状语。
18. D。通过女孩后面所说的话判断，她喜欢听着音乐做功课。
19. A。老师说服家长看孩子的表现，其他选项不符合逻辑。
20. B。由前面父母看到孩子的功课不错判断，他们最终同意了女儿的做法。
三、阅读理解
A。作者通过引入他的例子来证明抗压能力，即从打击中恢复的能力。
C。根据第二段modesty and open-mindedness in the face of mistakes is the single best thing you can do to improve results.
D。根据作者提出的resilience的定义可以找到答案D。
B。作者通过索契运动会上的例子阐释了resilience的定义，所以最佳答案为B。
四、语法填空
（1）
文章主要讲述当今社会有很多单身汉通过网络来寻找自己的另一半，但是网络中寻觅也有它的弊端。
1. of 固定搭配，millions of意为“数以百万计的；许许多多的”。
2. The 由普通名词构成的专有名词前要加定冠词the。
3. mainly 副词修饰整个句子，意为“主要地”。
4. has just led 根据just的惯用法得知此处填完成时态。
5. another 固定搭配，one…another (…)“一个……，另一个(……)”。
6. it 作形式宾语。
7. who/ whom 作宾语用且指人的关系代词，也可用that或省略不填。
8. however 前后是转折关系。
9. description 根据句意和前面定语修饰该词，所以得用其名词形式。
10. likely 本句意为“你‘可能’会发现网络罪犯，因为你是Mr. Right或Mrs. Right”。likely在此处作形容词“可能的”用，sb. be likely to do sth.“某人可能做某事”。
(2)
本文是一个故事，讲述一个人临死的时候要求上帝允许他带上自己贵重的物品，他带上了自己所有的金条，结果到天堂后才知道天堂的街道都是由纯金制成的。
1. that考查固定搭配。so ...that表示如此……以至于。该句子的意思是他为钱工作那么努力以至于把钱一起带到天堂去。
2. An考查冠词。句意：一个天使听到了他的祈祷并且出现了。
3. but 考查连词。but在此处表示转折关系。Sorry后面经常带有but引导的表示转折的句子。
4. if / whether 考查宾语从句。句意：那个人祈求天使跟上帝说说看看他是否能够打破规则;if / whether表示是否的意思。
5. with考查固定搭配。fill...with 指的是用……-把……填满。
6. Seeing考查副词。但是他在他的新浪微博上说他没有投资这部电影。这里根据上文表示转折，故用However/Nevertheless。
7. permission考查名词。permission 在此意思是“允许，许可”。
8. before考查连词。before意思是在……-之前,也可以翻译为：……--之后才;该句子的意思是在我应该检查了你箱子里面的东西之后你才可以通过。
9. that/which考查定语从句。因为前面先行词是the things，所以关系代词应该用that/which,作后面动词found的宾语。
10. is made考查被动语态。这句话的意思是说：正如你所看到的，天堂的大街都是由纯金制成的。
五、书面表达
第一节：
Dear Chris，
We are planning to climb the Xiangshan Hill this Saturday and sincerely invite you to go with us.
We will get together at the school gate at 8 am and probably come back at 5 pm. To make it a green travel, we will take the bus there. You’d better take your camera to record the beautiful scenery. And don’t forget to take some food, because we plan to have lunch on the top of the hill. Remember, take your umbrella or raincoat in case it rains.
If you can join us, we will be very happy.
Yours,
Joe
第二节
Monday, March 10 Fine
This afternoon, we held a class meeting to say goodbye to Zhang Qiang, who was going to study abroad. In the beginning, he made a brief speech to express his true love for the class and his wish for an everlasting friendship with us. We were all moved to tears. Then came the moment to present him with the special gift, a heart-shaped board with some photos recording the unforgettable days we had spent together. Afterwards, we signed on his T-shirt expressing our best wishes and encouragement as a reminder.
At last, we had a photo taken to memorize this precious moment. True friendship won’t be weakened by distance. We’ll surely miss him and wish him good luck in the future.
真题再现
1. （2019重庆模拟）The meeting will be held in September, but____ knows the date for sure.
A. everybody B. nobody C. anybody D. somebody
2. （2019 四川模拟）Niki is always full of ideas, but _____ is useful to my knowledge.
A. nothing B. no one C. neither D. none
3. （2019福建模拟）The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but __________ contained any useful suggestions.
A. all B. none C. either D. neither
4. —John, when shall we meet again, Thursday or Friday?
—_________. I’ll be off to London then.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
5. （2019 陕西模拟）To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against .
A. another B. the other C. other D. either
6. Studying Wendy’s menu, I found that many of the items are similar to ____ of McDonald’s.
A. those B. one C. any D. all
7. Sophia waited for a reply, but _____ came.
A. either B. another C. neither D. none
8.（2019天津模拟）The quality of education in this small school is better than ______ in some larger schools.
A. that B. one C. it D. this
9. （2019 浙江模拟）How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?
A. them B. one C. those D. it
10. When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or __________. A. whoever B. wherever C. whatever D. however
1. B。此题考查的知识点是不定代词。句子大意：会议将在九月份举行，但是没有人知道确切的日子。故B正确。
2. D。句意：Niki总有很多点子，但据我所知没一个有用。nothing “没有东西，没有事情”，泛指什么东西都没有，与句意不符。no one只能指“没有人”，排除。neither用于表示第二个人或者物“也不……”或“两者都不”，排除。none既可指人也可指物，用于三者（以上）的全部否定，表示“（某些人或物中）没有一个”，符合题意。
3. D。该句中all全部；none没有一个；either两个中任何一个；两者都不。根据该句意思：那个研究团队在那个调查上得出了两个报告，但是两个报告里面没有任何有用的参考。
4. B。根据答语“I’ll be off to London then.”可知，约定的星期三或者星期五对John来说，都不行。在选项中B选项是“两者都不”之意，符合语境。因此，正确答案为B选项。
5. B．句意：为了温暖自己，这个水手坐在火前面一只光脚摩擦另外一只脚。因为人有两只脚，一只是one，另外一只是the other，所以选B。
6. A。those = that ones，代指前面的many of the items，表示复数、特指，被of McDonald’s.修饰，符合语境。ones表示复数、泛指；any任何一个；all全部，均不符合语境，故排除。
7. D。句意为：Sophia等候答复，但没有任何答复。根据转折连词but可知，此处应用表示否定意义的代词，排除A项和B项。neither意为“两者都不”，排除C项。D项说法正合句意。
8. A。本题考查的是代词的指代用法。句意：这所小学校的教育质量要好于一些大学校。句中代词代指不可数名词the quality of education，故用代词that。代词it和one都代指可数名词单数。故选A。
9. D。句意：当你正在看一个你喜欢的节目时，突然有个人进来，一声不吭地关掉电视，你会怎么想？it作形式宾语，指代if后面的句子。
10. 解析：A。此处whoever是代词，意为：任何人，无论谁。它作to的宾语。句意：你看完书后，把书给Lucy或Helen，或谁都行。
语法讲解
高考考纲对代词考点的要求是：了解代词的分类；掌握人称代词的格及其语法功能；掌握名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词的用法和区分；掌握反身代词的用法及其语法功能；掌握指示代词、不定代词和相互代词的用法，特别是不定代词的用法比较。
对代词部分的备考注意力应集中于不定代词，应重点学习不定代词的意义特征和语法特征。
分类
代词是用来指代人或事物的词。代词可分为下列八类：
人称代词：
主格：I, you, she, he, it, we, you, they
宾格：me, you, her, him, it, us, you, them
物主代词：
形容词性：my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their
名词性：mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs
反身代词：myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
相互代词：each other, one another
指示代词：this, that, these, those, such
疑问代词：what, when, who, where, whose
关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose
不定代词：any, some, every, many, much, a little
人称代词
人称代词分主格和宾格两种，前者在句子中担任主语，后者担任动词或介词的宾语。
They study German.
Please pass me the ruler.
人称代词的排列一般为：第二人称，第三人称，第一人称。
you, he and I/ them and us
物主代词
形容词性物主代词只能作定语。注意：汉语中“我的”、“你的”有时省略，但在英语中一般不省略，比如break your promise; put your hands in your pockets。
My brother often does his homework in his room.
The newly-built house is our laboratory.
Anything has its character individually.
名词性物主代词则可以在句中充当主语、宾语、表语。它的意义相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，或者说它相当于名词。
His dictionary is English-Chinese, but mine is English-English.
We each bought a new book. Yours is about management and mine is about the American history.
反身代词
反身代词在句子中可作宾语：当它作动词宾语时，动作的执行者与承受者往往是同一个人或同一件事物；当它作介词by的宾语时，则表示强调。
The prisoner killed himself by taking poison.
He finished the work by himself.
反身代词在句子中也可作同位语，用来加强名词或代词的语气，强调某人亲自、本人；这时它可能在名词、代词之后，也可能在句子末尾。
The students will clean the classroom themselves.
I myself heard him say it.
相互代词
each other通常指两者之间的“相互”，one another侧重三者或三者以上的“相互”，两者的区别不大。作定语时在第二个词尾加’s。
指示代词
指示词有this, that, these, those, such等。注意以下四点：
1. this, these是时间或空间上的“近指”；that, those是时间或空间上的“远指”。
2. 指上文提到的事一般用that，有时也用this，指下文的事只能用this。
3. 打电话时，用this来介绍自己，用that来问对方，不用I或you。
4. this和that还可表示程度，意为“如此，那么”，相当于so，作状语。
疑问代词
疑问代词用于构成特殊疑问句，其中what, which, whose兼有形容词特征，可以和名词连用。
What job do you want to find?
Whose girl is she?
Which subject is your best one?
所有疑问代词都可以起名词作用，在句子中担任成分。
Who told you?
Whom are you waiting for?
Whose are those books?
which和what
两者均可与名词连用，就人或物提问。但是which一般用于有一定选择范围的情况，what用于无选择范围或究竟是什么还不清楚的情况。
Which color do you like — green, red, yellow or brown?
What color is her dress?
What writers do you like best?
which和who
两者都可作代词，它们的区别是不管选择的范围是大还是小，which一般用作指物。
Which would you like to eat, steak or fish?
Who won the game, Smith or Johnson?
当有一定选择范围时，which one代替who作宾语.
Which one do you like better, your mother or your father?
连接代词
连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever, whoever等，除起连接作用外，还可以在从句中担当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。
The question is who can operate the new machine.（引导表语从句作主语）
They asked whose idea this was.（引导宾语从句作定语）
When you are older, you can watch whatever programme you like.（引导宾语从句作定语）
I'll give my ticket to whoever wants it. （这里whoever可看成“anyone who”，or“the person who”）.
关系代词
关系代词是引导定语从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有who, whose, whom, that, which。它们在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语。在主句中，它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。
A plane is a machine that can fly.
The foreigner who visited our class yesterday is from Canada.
不定代词：
all和 both
both用于两个人或事物，all用于两个以上的人或事物，均可作主语。
All (of us) like fruits.
Both (of them) are good at English.
用作同位语。作主语同位语时须注意它们的位置不同，位于行为动词之前或be动词之后。
They all (both) agreed with me.
I know them all (both).
one 和 it
one代替可数名词，表示上面所提到的那一类人或物中的一个（同类一个），其复数形式带定语时用ones，不带定语时用some。而it则用于指代上文提到的那个表示物的名词本身，既可指单数可数名词也可指不可数名词（同名同物）。
I don't have a watch but I'm going to buy one (some).
I have a bicycle. My aunt gave it to me.
no one和none
no one只用于指人，而none既可指人也可指物。如果说“若干人（物）之中一个也不”，用“none of”。后接复数名词时，谓语可以用复数，也可用单数；后接不可数名词时，谓语用单数。
No one told me that he had gone to Shanghai.
None of them have（has）arrived yet.（不用no one）
None of the money is mine.
both, either 和neither
这三个词都可以用来指两个人或两件事物，但各自的意义都不相同：both表示“两个都”、either表示“两个中的任何一个”、 neither表示“两者都不……”。它们在句中都分别可以做主语、宾语和定语，both还可以作同位语。
each 和 every
each和every都有“每一个”的意思，但它们在句子里各自强调的侧重点却不同：every 从每一个个体着眼而强调“整体”；而each却是把一些东西一个一个地加以考虑，强调“各个”。every只能作定语；each则可以作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。另外，every可用于“every other (或every +数词 ) + 名词”的结构中，表示“每隔……”。
every other day 每隔一天；every three years 每隔三年；
every third year 每隔三年； every other line 每隔一行；
every ten miles每隔十英里
some 和any
some 与any都表示“一些”，它们作定语时多用，这时候some多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句。在表示请求、建议、反问或是希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，常用some而不用any。另外some可与数词连用，表示“大约”的意思。
Could you mind buying me some envelopes on your way to school?
Some hundred teachers have moved into new houses.
few, a few, little, a little
few 与little都有“几乎没有”的否定意思，few用于可数名词，little用于不可数名词；a few与 a little 表示“几个或一点”的肯定意思，a few用于可数名词a little用于不可数名词。
one…the other 和some…others
one...the other指“两个中的一个……，另外一个……”；“some…others”指“群体中一些人……，另一些人……”。
She has two children. One is a boy; the other is a girl.
They have different ideas about how to spend their weekend. Some think that it is good to have a party. Others prefer to have an outing.
no和none
二者都表示否定意义：no = not any 意在强调“一个都不、一点都不”，它只能作形容词，一般与名词连用；而none则相当于名词，可独立在句中充当成分，none of表示在某一范围内“任何一个也不”。
合成不定代词
常用的合成不定代词有以下几组：
something某物/某事，somebody某人，someone 某人;
anything任何事物，anybody任何人，anyone任何人 ；
everything一切事物，everybody每个人，everyone每个人 ；
nothing无事、无物，no one没有人，nobody无人
注意：
1. 当它们用作主语时应看作单数。
2. 它们只能作名词，不能看作形容词而充当定语。
3. 如果它们带有修饰语，修饰语只能放在它们的后面。
another的用法
another 泛指“另一个；又一个”，后面可以接单数名词也可以接“数词+复数名词”。
That boy will be another Nelson.
Have another piece of cake.
They had three goals in the first half, and another two in the second.
【 代词】
everyone和every one
everyone 指人，不能用 of做定语。every one 指人/物, 可以用of 短语做定语。
Everyone has taken part in the performance.
Every one of the students likes the teacher.
这种区别存在于anyone与 any one; someone与some one之间。
部分否定与全部否定
all, both, every和not 连用是部分否定。
All stone is not hard.
Everybody doesn’t know it.
Not both of them are rich.
如果表示全部否定,需用none, nothing, nobody, no one, neither等.
one 作代词
one替代由可数名词所表示的一类人或事,即泛指。
I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have one.
如特指必须加上限定词(如a, the, this, that等)、物主代词或形容词加以修饰。
If you don't like this blue coat, you can buy a black one.
I don't want the book on the shelf; I want this one on the desk.
复数形式ones作替代词时，只可替代同一类人或事物的复数名词，前面必须有限定词。
Mr. Zhang gave the textbooks to the pupils except the ones who had already taken them.
I don’t want to buy these small pears; I want some large ones.
She wants to buy some new clothes and throw away all her old ones. ■
“ It”的用法
用作代词，代替前文提到过的同一事物。
Where is the cat? It's in the kitchen.
My book is missing. I can't find it anywhere.
表示时间，天气，距离等。
A lovely day, isn't it?
It's two o'clock.
用作形式主语，形式宾语，代替不定式短语，动名词或从句。
It's no use talking with him about that.
It took me twenty minutes to get there.
We think it important that college students should master at least one foreign language.
用在强调结构中。为了强调句子的某一成分（通常是主语，宾语或状语），常用强调结构“It is (was) + 被强调成分 + that(who)…”。
It was Liu Ming that I saw in the street this morning.
It was in the classroom that he told me about it.
巩固练习
一、单项选择
1. (2019 四川省德阳市高三“二诊”考试) Why don't you do __________ to end all this mess?
A． anything B．nothing C． everything D．something
2. (2019 福建省高三毕业班质量检查) Obviously, the ability to talk is ______ that marks humans off from animals.
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
3. (2019 高陕西省西安地区八校高三下学期联考)It will not be many decades before Chinese businesses own more profits abroad than now________ of any other nation．
A．those B．these C．that D．ones
4. "What do you think of them?" "I don't know _____ is better, so I've taken _____ of them."
A. what, both B. what, none C. which, both D. which, none
5. —Would you like a cup of coffee or a glass of beer?
—____ will do, but milk is _____ popular with me.
A. Neither, not B. Both, more
C. Either, the most D. All, the most
6. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _____ it was?
A. where B. what C. how D. which
7. These trousers are dirty and wet—I'll change into my _____.
A. another B. trousers C. others D. other
8. Her lecture was hard to follow because she kept jumping from one subject to _____.
A. other B. the other C. the others D. another
9. There are four bedrooms, ______ with its own bathroom.
A. all B. each C. every D. either
10. —It's said that he is a wise leader.
—Oh, no, he is _____ but a wise leader.
A. anything B. anyone C. anybody D. anywhere
11. Tell _______ you like—it makes no difference to me.
A. anyone B. who C. whoever D. what
12. The teacher told us that the problem was not _____ easy and that we should think _____ over carefully.
A. such, it B. that, it C. such, 不填 D. that，不填
13. The camera isn't good enough; I want to change ______.
A. another B. a good one C. it with another D. it for another
14. I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with ______.
A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
15. —Is there ______ here?
—No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.
A. anybody B. everybody C. somebody D. nobody
16. —If you want a necklace, I'll buy one for you at once.
—Oh, no. A necklace is not _____ that I need most.
A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything
17. Some say one thing, but _____.
A. other, another B. others, another
C. others, the other D. the others, others
18. He is a hard-working student, _____ who will be successful in whatever career he chooses.
A. that B. he C. one D. which
二、完形填空
阅读下列短文，掌握其大意，然后从1—20各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
One British school is finding that allowing children to listen to music or even to have the TV on while studying is helping improve grades. 1 your teenager starts a family quarrel by sitting in an armchair listening to music while doing his homework, why not 2 a simple experiment? 3 taking the heavy handed(严厉的)line of 4 him to his bedroom to get on with it 5 , let him do the homework the 6 he wants. You might well find that his essay is more sparkling than 7 he has done before.
According to the research of Millfield school, around 20% of youngsters 8 best with background music, 10% excel(突出)when allowed to 9 their work with short walks around the room while up to 80% can concentrate 10 if allowed to fiddle(用手拨弄)with a small object.
The research has advised the school to adopt a complete 11 approach, analyzing pupils to discover which learning style 12 them best—then letting them do their work listening to music or 13 lying down. 14 parents at first regarded the 15 as a layabout’s (懒散闲荡的人)deed but many are now applying it at 16 where children are also allowed to do their work 17 the television on.
“I 18 to work on the floor with music on low,” admits Susan, 13, a day girl. “At first my parents thought I was skiving (逃避), but my 19 persuaded them to look at my homework and when they saw it was okay, they 20 .”
1. A. Next time B. Then C. Before long D. In case
2. A. take B. try C. form D. allow
3. A. In spite of B. Except for C. In place of D. Rather than
4. A. causing B. advising C. ordering D. permitting
5. A. quickly B. quietly C. carefully D. attentively
6. A. atmosphere B. way C. method D. means
7. A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything
8. A. work B. relax C. think D. progress
9. A. break out B. break down C. break up D. break in
10. A. faster B. deeper C. better D. worse
11. A. new B. special C. common D. interesting
12. A. interests B. affects C. suits D. improves
13. A. still B. perhaps C. almost D. even
14. A. Doubtful B. Puzzled C. Angry D. Unpleased
15. A. move B. suggestion C. research D. problem
16. A. school B. class C. home D. last
17. A. while B. when C. as D. with
18. A. continue B. hope C. hate D. prefer
19. A. teacher B. classmate C. friend D. neighbor
20. A. refused B. agreed C. stopped D. accepted
三、阅读理解
（2019 北京海淀区高三一模）阅读下面短文，从题中所给的四个选项（A， B， C和D）中选择正确的答案。
Did you see American figure skater, Jeremy Abbott, crash to the ice during the short program at the Sochi Olympics, rolling into the wall, clutching his side in pain? Ten seconds later, he got up and continued his skate—despite the pain, embarrassment and fear. All I could think was: this kid’s got courage. In business we have a word for it—resilience, the ability to gain strengths and confidence from overcoming unpleasant events.
However, opposite examples appeared in Sochi Olympics as well. For them, failure is someone else’s fault, because they do not accept personal responsibility. Therefore, they have to pay a high price for this attitude. After years of studying failure, I have learned one thing: modesty and open-mindedness in the face of mistakes is the single best thing you can do to improve results. Everyone fails, but not everyone recovers from failure. The key is to learn from it rather than get beaten by it.
The good news is that each of us has the potential to live a resilient life on and off the job. It may be difficult, but that just makes it all the more powerful and important. If you believe the above paragraph to be true, then you’re probably more resilient than you think you are. It takes confidence to be resilient but that too much confidence is a killer is so true of leadership. For example, Ron Johnson, the ill-fated CEO of JC Penney, was so stubborn that he completely missed all sorts of signals from employees and customers and instead listened to all those who agreed with him, which failed his strategy. Bouncing back from failure requires that you recognize something has gone wrong, and you were the one who made it happen.
The challenge of resilience is not just about our work. When parents help their kids deal with every challenging situation, they are doing an unhelpful action to their children. Parents want to protect their kids from failure, but doing so takes away the opportunity from them to practice not just a life skill but an essential work skill. When self-esteem becomes more important than results, we are accidently training young people to become less adaptable, not more.
Resilience is not just about getting up off the floor, but also being ready for whatever comes next, even when you don’t know what it is. Failures and setbacks are no longer unusual events, but regular features of a dynamic, competitive and highly demanding work environment. Getting up to finish your skate is no longer optional.
1. The example of Jeremy Abbott shows that one should ______.
A. recover from failure B. stick to his own viewpoint
C. take others’ opinions to heart D. challenge difficulties bravely
2. According to the author, what can best build up resilience?
A. Being positive and powerful.
B. Being competitive and helpful.
C. Being modest and open-minded.
D. Being confident and responsible.
3. Which of the following examples shows us resilience?
A. A teacher offers students timely help and care.
B. A determined athlete practices skating hard every day.
C. A confident leader persuades his staff to follow his plan.
D. A student has got a low grade but continues to work hard.
4. Which might be the best title for the passage?
A. An Example of Resilience: Ron Johnson B. Resilience: A Lesson from Sochi
C. Optional Challenges of Resilience D. Resilience in Family Education
/
四、语法填空
（1）
Nowadays, millions 1 lonely singles are now going online instead. 2 World Wide Web is quickly becoming the world’s most popular matchmaker(媒人).
Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet 3 because their busy lifestyles leave them little time to look for a significant other. Using dating sites(约会网址) is quick and convenient. Many singles say the regular dating scene 4 (just lead) them from one bad experience to 5 and are ready to try something else. Dating sites also make 6 easy to avoid someone 7 you are not interested in. In the real world, 8 however, ignoring someone you don’t like can be difficult.
Despite all the advantages, online dating also presents its own set of problems. People aren’t always those who they declare to be in their online 9 (describe). Safety is another concern. You are just 10 (like) to find a criminal online as you are Mr. Or Miss Right.
(2)
Once, a rich man was near death. He was very upset because he had worked so hard for his money 1 he hoped he could take it with him to heaven. So he prayed to God he might be able to take some money with him.
2 angel heard his pray and appeared. “Sorry, 3 you can’t take your wealth with you.” The man begged the angel to speak to God to see 4 he might break the rules. The angel reappeared and said that God could allow him to take one suitcase. Excitedly, the man gathered his suitcase and filled it 5 pure gold bars.
Afterward, he died and showed up in heaven to greet St. Peter. 6 (see) the suitcase, St. Peter said, “Hold on, you can’t bring that here!” The man explained that he had God’s 7 (permit). St. Peter checked it out, came back and said, “You are right. You are allowed one carry-on bag, but I’m supposed to check its contents (内容) 8 letting it through.”
St. Peter opened the suitcase to inspect the things 9 the man found too precious to leave behind and exclaimed (感叹), “You brought pavement? As you can see, the great street of the city of heaven 10 (make) of pure gold!”
五、书面表达
第一节
（2019 海淀高三一模）你们班同学打算周六去爬香山。请给外教Chris写一封英文信，邀请他参加此次活动。具体内容如下：
1. 时间：8 am—5 pm；
2. 集合地点：校门口；
3. 交通工具：公交车；
4. 携带物品：雨具，午餐，相机。
注意：1. 词数不少于50；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Chris，
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节
（2019 海淀高三一模）假设你是红星中学高三（1）班的学生李华。你班同学张强即将去国外读书，下面四幅图描述了同学们为他送行的过程，请根据图片的先后顺序用英语写一篇日记。
注意：1. 日记的开头已为你写好。
2. 词数不少于60。
/
Monday, March 10 Fine
This afternoon, ______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________
答案与解析
一、单项选择
1. D。解析：Why don’t you do something? /Why not do something? “你为什么不做某事呢？”
2. A，显然,说话的能力是标志着人类与动物区别，something 代词，表示“主要的或值的注意的事物”。本句话直译就是：在人和动物的区别上，说话能力是很重要的一件事。
3. A。解析：句意：要不了几十年中国的商业就会从国外比其他任何国家的生意赚取更多的利润。根据题干前文businesses，与之对应的是those。故选D。
4. C。做好此题的关键是要注意句中的better一词，由于better用的是比较级，说明比较的对象应是两者，由此可推知第二空应填both；另一方面，由于所谈论的是两者，说明选择范围比较窄、比较明确，所以第一空应填which。
5. C。此题的关键是要注意到下文提到的milk既不是coffee也不是beer，而是除这两者外的第三者，故第二空应填the most，即此题最佳答案为C。
6. D。主要与上文的some book or other (某一本书)这一语境有关，全句句意为：“我在某一本书上读到过它，是哪一本书这很重要吗?”
7. C。从语法上看，another后通常接单数名词，而不接trousers这样的复数名词（若用another pair则可以）；也不能选trousers是因为填它句子意思不通。最佳答案应选C，others相当于other trousers，其中的other与前面的these相对照。
8. D。使用one ... the other ...时，我们通常是针对两者而言的，即指“两者中的一个......，另一个......”；如果所谈论的情况不是针对两者而言的，而是针对多者而言的，那么我们就不宜在one后使用the other，而考虑用another。
9. B。原因是空格后的隐藏信息its，它表示空格处应填一个单数代词，但是不能选C，因为every不能这样单独使用。此题容易误选A，认为既然前面出现了four bedrooms，故填each与之对应。
10. A。因为anything but是习语，意为“根本不是”或“一点也不”，不仅可用于事物，也可用于人。如：
I'll do anything but that. 我绝不会干那种事。
Such a man was anything but a hero. 那样的人绝不算英雄。
11. C。若将A, B两项合起来，即用anyone who这样的形式则也可以。选C，whoever引导一个宾语从句，用作动词tell的宾语。
12. B。第一空填that，that用作副词，相当于so，又如：Is it always that hot? 总那么热吗?（其中的 that hot 可以换成 so hot，但不能换成 such hot）。
13. D。英语中的change sth表示的是“换某物”，sth是被换的东西，而change sth for sth else表示的才是“用某物换另一物”。比较：
That coat was too large and I had to change it. 那件外套太大了，我得去换一件。
That coat was too large and I had to change it for a smaller one. 那件外套太大了，我得去换一件小一点的。
14. A。注意前文的I agree with most of what you said(我同意你说的大部分内容)，其后的not 与everything构成部分否定，意为"不是所有的都同意"，前后两部分用转折连词but连接，语气通顺、连贯。
15. B。主要与上下文的语境有关。全文语境为：“大家都到齐了吗？”“没有，Bob 和Tim 两人请假了。”假若我们将此题作如下变换，则情形就会有所不同：
"Is there ______ here?" "Yes, I'm upstairs. Please come and help me."
A. anybody B. everybody C. somebody D. nobody
此题的最佳答案应是A，而不是B。
16. B。something在此的意思不是“某种东西”，而是指“那种东西”或“这种东西”，即心中最想要的那种东西(相当于the thing)。
17. B。but others another为but others say another之省略。在并列句中，若后面分句与前面分句有相同的词，常把后一分句中的相同部分给省略掉，以避免重复。如：
One soldier was killed and another wounded. 有一名士兵被打死，另一名被打伤。(wounded 前省略了was)
18. C。one相当于a student。
二、完形填空
文章通过一项最新研究说明，孩子在做作业时听音乐不仅不会影响孩子的学习和进步，反而会有利于孩子集中精力，学得更好。作者开门见山地点明中心，然后通过具体的调查为自己的话题提供可靠的依据。理清文章的结构、抓住作者要说明的话题，并结合作者叙述的具体事例来分析是做好这篇完形填空的关键。
1. A。在具体的语境中考查名词短语用作连词的用法。名词短语next time用来引导时间状语从句，当“下一次……的时候”讲。
2. B。try an experiment当“做实验”讲。
3. D。rather than表示“不……，而……”，全句的意思是“不用原来的老办法而尝试一种新办法”。只有rather than符合逻辑。in spite of当“尽管”讲;in place of当“替换”讲;except for当“只是……”讲，强调整体中的细节。
4. C。由前面“严厉的措辞”可知，此处是命令孩子。
5. B。不让孩子听音乐，也就是让孩子“安静地”做作业。
6. B。way后搭配定语从句，其他三个名词无此用法。
7. D。anything当“任何事情”讲，此处是强调音乐的作用。
8. A。work“工作”，此处说明孩子学习时的整个状态。其他三个选项在意义上不够全面。
9. C。此处指孩子在做作业的过程中可以散会儿步，即“中断”做作业。break out战争、争吵等“爆发”;break in当“插话”讲;break down当“出故障;粉碎”讲。
10. C。指孩子在有音乐时能“更好地”集中注意力。worse与题意相悖，其他两项意义具有片面性。
11. A。让孩子听着音乐做作业，这是一种“新的”方式。
12. C。让孩子选择最“适合”自己的学习方式，suit“适合”，符合题意。
13. D。even“甚至”，用来表示程度的递增，符合逻辑。
14. A。由后面他们把这项举动当作懒汉的行为判断，此处指“持怀疑态度的”父母。
15. A。move当名词“举动”讲。
16. C。由转折词but判断，原来持怀疑态度的父母最终接受了这一方式。
17. D。此处是with + n. + adv.构成的复合结构作伴随状语。
18. D。通过女孩后面所说的话判断，她喜欢听着音乐做功课。
19. A。老师说服家长看孩子的表现，其他选项不符合逻辑。
20. B。由前面父母看到孩子的功课不错判断，他们最终同意了女儿的做法。
三、阅读理解
A。作者通过引入他的例子来证明抗压能力，即从打击中恢复的能力。
C。根据第二段modesty and open-mindedness in the face of mistakes is the single best thing you can do to improve results.
D。根据作者提出的resilience的定义可以找到答案D。
B。作者通过索契运动会上的例子阐释了resilience的定义，所以最佳答案为B。
四、语法填空
（1）
文章主要讲述当今社会有很多单身汉通过网络来寻找自己的另一半，但是网络中寻觅也有它的弊端。
1. of 固定搭配，millions of意为“数以百万计的；许许多多的”。
2. The 由普通名词构成的专有名词前要加定冠词the。
3. mainly 副词修饰整个句子，意为“主要地”。
4. has just led 根据just的惯用法得知此处填完成时态。
5. another 固定搭配，one…another (…)“一个……，另一个(……)”。
6. it 作形式宾语。
7. who/ whom 作宾语用且指人的关系代词，也可用that或省略不填。
8. however 前后是转折关系。
9. description 根据句意和前面定语修饰该词，所以得用其名词形式。
10. likely 本句意为“你‘可能’会发现网络罪犯，因为你是Mr. Right或Mrs. Right”。likely在此处作形容词“可能的”用，sb. be likely to do sth.“某人可能做某事”。
(2)
本文是一个故事，讲述一个人临死的时候要求上帝允许他带上自己贵重的物品，他带上了自己所有的金条，结果到天堂后才知道天堂的街道都是由纯金制成的。
1. that考查固定搭配。so ...that表示如此……以至于。该句子的意思是他为钱工作那么努力以至于把钱一起带到天堂去。
2. An考查冠词。句意：一个天使听到了他的祈祷并且出现了。
3. but 考查连词。but在此处表示转折关系。Sorry后面经常带有but引导的表示转折的句子。
4. if / whether 考查宾语从句。句意：那个人祈求天使跟上帝说说看看他是否能够打破规则;if / whether表示是否的意思。
5. with考查固定搭配。fill...with 指的是用……-把……填满。
6. Seeing考查副词。但是他在他的新浪微博上说他没有投资这部电影。这里根据上文表示转折，故用However/Nevertheless。
7. permission考查名词。permission 在此意思是“允许，许可”。
8. before考查连词。before意思是在……-之前,也可以翻译为：……--之后才;该句子的意思是在我应该检查了你箱子里面的东西之后你才可以通过。
9. that/which考查定语从句。因为前面先行词是the things，所以关系代词应该用that/which,作后面动词found的宾语。
10. is made考查被动语态。这句话的意思是说：正如你所看到的，天堂的大街都是由纯金制成的。
五、书面表达
第一节：
Dear Chris，
We are planning to climb the Xiangshan Hill this Saturday and sincerely invite you to go with us.
We will get together at the school gate at 8 am and probably come back at 5 pm. To make it a green travel, we will take the bus there. You’d better take your camera to record the beautiful scenery. And don’t forget to take some food, because we plan to have lunch on the top of the hill. Remember, take your umbrella or raincoat in case it rains.
If you can join us, we will be very happy.
Yours,
Joe
第二节
Monday, March 10 Fine
This afternoon, we held a class meeting to say goodbye to Zhang Qiang, who was going to study abroad. In the beginning, he made a brief speech to express his true love for the class and his wish for an everlasting friendship with us. We were all moved to tears. Then came the moment to present him with the special gift, a heart-shaped board with some photos recording the unforgettable days we had spent together. Afterwards, we signed on his T-shirt expressing our best wishes and encouragement as a reminder.
At last, we had a photo taken to memorize this precious moment. True friendship won’t be weakened by distance. We’ll surely miss him and wish him good luck in the future.