2020版中考英语人教版（河南专用） 语法过关（14份打包）

(共22张PPT)
专题四　数词
考点一　基数词
考点突破
考点二　序数词
考点一　基数词
考点突破
基数词的构成和用法
1.基数词的构成
基数词用来表示精确的数量,100以下的基数词:
1—9
11—19
整十
整十之间
one
eleven
ten
—
two
twelve
twenty
twenty-two
three
thirteen
thirty
thirty-three
four
fourteen
forty
forty-four
five
fifteen
fifty
fifty-five
six
sixteen
sixty
sixty-six
seven
seventeen
seventy
seventy-seven
eight
eighteen
eighty
eighty-eight
nine
nineteen
ninety
ninety-nine
2.基数词的用法
(1)在表示“几百、几千、几百万”等确切的数字时,直接用“基数词+hundred/
thousand/million”;表示“成百、数千、上百万”等不确切的数字时,则用hun-
dreds/thousands/millions
of表达。如:
There
are
two
hundred
people
in
the
hall.
大厅里有200个人。
There
are
hundreds
of
people
in
the
hall.
大厅里有数以百计的人。
(2)表示“不确切岁数或年代”用几十的复数形式,结构为“in+one's+整十的复
数”,“in+the+年代-s”。如:
He
became
a
professor
in
his
forties.
他四十多岁时成了一名教授。
It
was
in
the
1960s.那是在20世纪60年代。
(3)表示顺序。由“单数名词+基数词”构成,此时名词和基数词的第一个字母
需大写。如:
Grade
Nine九年级;Room
105
105房间
考点二　序数词
序数词的构成和用法
1.序数词的构成
序数词用来表示顺序,一般在基数词后加后缀-th构成,但也有特殊的情况。
基数词
序数词
数字写法
one
first
1st
two
second
2nd
three
third
3rd
four
fourth
4th
基数词
序数词
数字写法
five
fifth
5th
six
sixth
6th
seven
seventh
7th
eight
eighth
8th
nine
ninth
9th
ten
tenth
10th
eleven
eleventh
11th
twelve
twelfth
12th
twenty
twentieth
20th
twenty-one
twenty-first
21st
续表
twenty-two
twenty-second
22nd
twenty-three
twenty-third
23rd
twenty-four
twenty-fourth
24th
one
hundred
one
hundredth
100th
one
hundred
and
one
one
hundred
and
first
101st
续表
注意:基数词变序数词口诀
基变序,有规律,词尾常加-th;一、二、三特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d。八减t,九减e,f来
把ve替。-ty结尾变-tie。若是遇上“几十几”,只变个位就可以。
2.序数词的用法
在使用序数词时,通常前面要加定冠词
the;但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或
an时,则表示“再一,又一”。如:
We'll
go
over
it
a
second
time.
我们得再检查一遍。
We've
tried
it
three
times.Must
we
try
it
a
fourth
time
我们已经试过三遍了,还必须再试一次(第四次)吗
一、单句填空
1.(2019广东)We
are
proud
of
our
country.
The
year
2019
is
her
seventieth
(seventy)
birthday.
2.(2019黑龙江哈尔滨)—We'll
celebrate
the
seventieth (seventy)
National
Day
this
year.
—That's
really
exciting.
3.(2019贵州铜仁)There
are
nine (nine)
floors
in
the
building.
We
live
on
the
ninth (nine)
floor.
中考题组
4.(2019甘肃天水)Two
fifths
of
the
students
in
our
class
are (be)
going
to
the
summer
camp
in
Beijing
next
week.
5.(2019甘肃兰州)We
gave
away
six
thousand (thousand)
books
to
the
school
library
last
year.
6.(2019湖北襄阳)—Is
Dongjin
High-speed
Railway
Station
the
second (two)
largest
in
Hubei
Province
—Yes,of
course.
It's
just
a
little
smaller
than
the
largest
one
in
Wuhan.
7.(2019黑龙江齐齐哈尔)We
are
preparing
programs
to
celebrate
our
country's
seventieth (seventy)
birthday.
8.(2018重庆) Thousands (thousand)
of
visitors
came
to
take
photos
of
Hongyadong
during
the
vacation.
9.(2018广东)According
to
a
survey,
four
out
of
five
women
do
housework
at
home,
but
only
two
fifths (five)
of
men
would
do
it.
four
fifth/four
fifths/two
fifth/
10.(2018新疆乌鲁木齐) A number
of
people
prefer
HUAWEI
phones,
and
about
four-fifths
of
them
are (be)
adults.
11.(2018山东青岛)It's
my
daughter's
birthday
today.
She's
eighteen (eigh-
teenth)
years
old.
12.(2018湖北黄冈)—Dad,
about
three
quarters (quarter)
of
our
classmates
wear
glasses.
—Oh,
that's
terrible.
You
all
should
take
good
care
of
your
eyes.
13.(2017重庆)Today
is
Jack's
birthday.
He
is
fourteen (fourteenth)
years
old
now.
二、语篇填空
(2020河南中考预测)
阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文意思通顺、完
整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。
never,
give,
old,
challenge,
but,
with,
though,
history,
when,
drop
Maggie,
my
granddaughter,
was
moving
into
her
first
apartment.
I
gave
her
a
spe-
cial
gift.
I
was
a
little
anxious
about
how
Maggie
would
receive
it.
It
was,
after
all,
　1
and
used.
She
looked
at
the
cup.
“Grandma,
it's
beautiful,”
she
said.
Seeing
the
cracks(裂
缝),
she
added,
“　2
it's
broken.”
“No,
honey,
it's
mended,”
I
said.
Then
I
told
her
the
cup's
　3 .
The
cup
was
　4
to
me
by
my
dearest
friend,
Dianne.
Remember
we
used
to
have
tea
parties
when
you
were
little
My
friend
and
I
would
share
tea
times
just
like
that.
We'd
get
together
to
talk
over
tea
about
joys
and
　5
life
had
presented
us
with.
The
teacup
heard
many
stories
and
secrets.
Women
then
went
to
one
another
　6
their
problems.
There
were
many
mornings
when
I
ran
up
to
her
house,
and
we'd
sit
by
the
fireside
and
drink
our
tea.
Dianne
would
listen
and
offered
me
comfort　7
I
had
a
problem.
And
she
would
come
to
me
in
the
same
way.
Finally,
Dianne
moved
away,
but
I
kept
my
teacup
and
would
think
of
her
whenev-
er
I
used
it.
One
day,
I
　8
my
special
cup.
I
did
the
best
to
put
it
together.
The
cup
was
　9
the
same,
but
I
realized
it
really
didn't
matter.
　10
it
no
longer
holds
liquid,
it
is
filled
with
sweet
memories.
“I'd
like
you
to
have
it.”
“Thank
you,
Grandma.”
I
knew
my
special
teacup
was
in
good
hands—and
that
it
was
the
special
gift
for
a
granddaughter
starting
out
on
her
own
journey.
1. old 　2. But 　3. history 　4. given 　5. challenges
6. with 　7. when 　8. dropped 　9. never 　10. Though
一、单句填空
1.(2019河南平顶山一模)—How
do
you
like
the
environment
in
Pingdingshan
—Great!
Two
　fifths (five)
of
the
land
　is (be)covered
with
trees
and
grass.
2.(2018河南信阳一模)—Good
news!Bill
won
　a
medal
in
the
long
jump
just
now.
—Really That's
his
　fourth (four)
one
at
our
sports
meeting.
3.(2018河南开封二模)—What
a
difficult
exam!
—I
agree.
It
is
said
that
only
　a
quarter
passed
this
exam.
模拟题组
4.(2018河南平顶山二模)—The
math
is
too
difficult
and
I
have
tried
it
twice.
—Don't
be
afraid.
Why
not
try
it
a
　third (three)
time
5.—Do
you
know
the
girl
　who
is
sitting
next
to
Linda
—Yes.She
is
Linda's
friend.They
are
celebrating
her
　ninth (nine)
birthday.
6.(2017河南新乡一模)Tom's
father
is
　forty (forty)
years
old
this
year.
We
just
had
a
special
party
for
his
　fortieth (forty)
birthday
last
weekend.
7.(2017河南洛阳一模)Yoga
is
becoming
more
and
more
popular
among
young
people
and
　millions
of (million)
of
people
play
it
for
exercise
and
fun.
二、语篇填空
(2020河南中考原创)
阅读短文,根据语篇要求填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。
Dear
Victor,
I
have
received
your
letter
from
school.
I'm
glad
to
know
that
you
are
taking
re-
sponsibility
　1
make
a
decision
about
your
job.
You
are
now
in
the
final
year
of
high
school
and
　2
going
to
start
further
educa-
tion
in
college.
You
asked
me
to
give
you
some
suggestions.
You
know
we
belong
to
different
times,
and
my
social
life
is
different
from
yours.
However,
all
I
can
say
is
that
you
must
choose
a
job
wisely.
The
first
thing
you
should
consider
is
your
in-
terest.
You
can
only
succeed
and
feel
happy
when
you
do
something
you
enjoy.
You
must
get
a
job
　3
provides
you
with
something
useful,
and
you
must
be
pleased
with
it.
I
think
your
interest
may
be
in
the
field
of
making
TV
programs.
Your
good
com-
munication
skills,
your
taking
　4 active
part
in
school
plays
and
the
prizes
you
　5
won
in
speech
competitions
all
lead
you
to
that
direction.
And
it
will
bring
luck
to
you.
You
are
old
enough
to
think
for
yourself.
Think
carefully
and
discuss
it
with
your
friends.
I
wish
you
to
be
a
man
of
success.
Best
wishes!
Your
loving
father
1.　to 　2.　are 　3.　which 　4.　an 　5.　have (共34张PPT)
专题五　介词
考点一　介词辨析
考点突破
考点二　介词的固定搭配
考点一　介词辨析
考点突破
一、时间介词
1.at
多用于具体的钟点时刻前,如:at
seven,at
a
quarter
to
one;也可用于固定搭配
中,如:at
noon,at
night。
2.in
表示一段时间,用于年、月、世纪、四季或泛指的一天的上午、下午、晚
上等前。如:in
the
twenty-first
century
在21世纪,in
autumn
在秋天,in
the
morning
在早上;还可用于表示“从现在起,多长时间以后或多久之后”的短语中。
3.on
主要用在星期几、具体某一天或某一天的早、中、晚或节日前。如:
on
June
1st
在6月1日
4.since,from和for
(1)since指从某时一直延续至今,后接时间点,句子用完成时。如:
He
has
lived
here
since
1993.从1993年开始他一直住在这里。
(2)from说明开始的时间,谓语可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态。如:
From
now
on,I
will
learn
English
in
the
mornings.
从今以后,我将在早晨学英语。
(3)for指动作延续贯穿整个过程,后接时间段,句子用完成时。如:
I
have
studied
English
for
six
years.我已经学英语六年了。
5.after
(1)after
表示以过去为起点的某一段时间之后,可用于一般过去时。如:
They
finished
the
work
after
two
years.
他们两年后完成了这项工作。
(2)after与时间点连用表示过去或将来的某个时间之后。如:
I'll
ring
you
up
after
two
o'clock.
我会在两点后打电话给你。
6.“by+时间点”表示“到……为止”,如果by后跟一个过去的时间点,句子谓
语动词应用过去完成时。如:
We
had
learned
1,000
English
words
by
the
end
of
last
term.
到上个学期末,我们已经学了1,000个英语单词。
7.“during+时间段”与延续性动词连用表示一段时间内的动作。如:
He
lives
with
us
during
these
years.
这些年他跟我们一起住。
8.until用于否定句中,意为“直到……才”,其前的谓语动词需用瞬间性动词;用
在肯定句中,意为“直到……为止”,其前的谓语动词需用延续性动词。如:
I
didn't
leave
until
my
mother
came
home.
直到我妈妈回家我才离开。
I
waited
for
my
mother
until
she
came
home.
我一直等到妈妈回家。
9.before和after表示时间,分别意为“在……之前”和“在……之后”。如:
Please
bring
your
homework
before
ten
o'clock.
请于十点前把你们的作业带来。
介词
用法
例句
in
表示在某一范围之内的某方位(属于该范围)
Guangzhou
is
in
the
south
of
China.广州位于中
国的南部。
on
表示与某地是毗邻关系
Vietnam
is
on
the
south
of
China.越南位于中国
的南部。
to
表示在某一范围之外的某方位(不属于该范围)
Japan
lies
to
the
east
of
China.日本位于中国的
东部。
二、方位介词
1.表示方位的in,on,to
2.over,above和on的用法区别
介词
用法
例句
over
指在……的正上方,表示垂直在上
There
is
a
bridge
over
the
river.河上有座桥。
above
泛指在上方,表面不接触
Raise
your
arms
above
your
head.把你的手臂举
过你的头。
on
指在上面,表示两个物体接触
There
is
a
plate
on
the
table.桌子上有一个盘
子。
介词
用法
例句
at
表示较小的地点
They
arrived
late
at
the
bus
stop.他们晚到了车
站。
in
表示较大的地点
He
lives
in
China.他住在中国。
on
表示在一个平面上
They
are
working
on
the
farm.他们正在农场干
活。
3.at,in和on的用法区别
4.in
front
of,in
the
front
of和before
介词
用法
例句
in
front
of
表示“在……前面”(范围外)
There
are
some
trees
in
front
of
the
classroom.教
室前面有一些树。
in
the
front
of
表示“在……的前部”(范围内)
There
is
a
desk
in
the
front
of
the
classroom.在教
室的前面有一张课桌。
before
所表示的位置关系和in
front
of相同,表示“在……前,在……前面”
He
sits
before
me.他坐在我前面。
介词
用法
例句
below
表示“在下方或位置低于……”,不一定有垂
直在下之意
The
coat
reaches
below
the
knees.这件外套到了
膝盖下面。
under
表示“在……正下方”
There
are
many
bikes
under
the
trees.树下有许
多自行车。
5.below和under
三、其他介词
1.by,in和on表出行方式
by:①不涉及表示交通工具的名词时用by。如:by
sea,by
air;②涉及表示交通工
具的名词,且该名词为单数形式,前面没有冠词或任何修饰语时用by。如:by
ship,by
plane。
on或in:当出行方式涉及特定的交通工具时用on或in,交通工具前应有冠词、形
容词性物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。在开放型或半开放型工具前用on,在封
闭型工具前用in。如:on
my
bike,in
a
car。
2.in,with和by表示“用”时的区别
in主要表示“用语言、声音、原材料等”;with表示“用具体有形的东西”;by
表示“用……手段或方式”,后常接动名词。如:
Can
you
sing
this
song
in
English
你能用英语唱这首歌吗
　　I
write
my
homework
with
a
pen.
我用钢笔写作业。
The
girl
made
money
by
selling
flowers.
这个女孩通过卖花赚钱。
3.but,besides和except的区别
but表示“除……之外”,常与含否定意义的词连用;except表示“除……之外
(不再有)”,指从整体中排除except所接的人或物,前面常有all,every,any,no等,但
在否定句中,except却没有排斥性;besides表示“除……之外(还有)”,它的意思
是在原来的基础上加上besides除外的人或物,其前常有other,another,any
other,a
few等词。如:
We've
had
nothing
but
trouble
with
this
car.
我们这辆车净出毛病。
All
the
students
went
to
the
zoo
except
Jim.
除了吉姆,所有的学生都去动物园了。
I
have
a
few
good
friends
besides
you.
除了你之外,我还有几个好朋友。
4.with与without的区别
with意为“和,对,附带,带有”,常用搭配有:with
the
help
of...,play
with,talk
with。
without意为“没有”,常用搭配有:without
saying
a
word,without
breakfast。
5.of
sb.与for
sb.的区别
of
sb.用于It
is+adj.+of
sb.to
do
sth.句型中,形容词为clever,kind,nice等描述人物
性格特征的词,of后的人物与形容词有主表关系。
for
sb.用于It
is+adj.+for
sb.to
do
sth.句型中,形容词为easy,important等不描述人
物性格特征的词,for后的人物与形容词没有主表关系。如:
It
is
kind
of
you
to
help
me.
谢谢你帮助我。
It
is
important
for
us
to
learn
English
well.
对我们来说学好英语很重要。
考点二　介词的固定搭配
1.介词短语辨析
by
mistake错误地
by
accident偶然地
by
heart用心
in
danger在危险中
in
trouble处于困境
to
one's
surprise使某人吃惊的是
to
one's
joy使某人高兴的是
2.be
made常见结构
(1)be
made
in在某地制造
(2)be
made
of和be
made
from都可以表示“用……制成”,但be
made
of强调从
成品上能看出原材料,而be
made
from则表示从成品上看不出原材料。
(3)be
made
into被制成……
(4)be
made
up
of由……组成
3.be
used常见结构
(1)be
used
to=become
used
to=get
used
to习惯(做)……,后接名词、代词或动名
词。
(2)be
used
to被用来(做)……,后接动词原形。
(3)be
used
for意义相当于be
used
to
do,但for后接动名词形式。
(4)be
used
as被当作……来使用
(5)be
used
by被……使用
注意:to既可作动词不定式符号,后接动词原形,也可用作介词,后跟名词、代词
或动名词。在下列词组中to为介词,在使用时应特别注意,后接动词时,需用其动
名词形式。如:
pay
attention
to注意　according
to根据
look
forward
to期望　　get
used
to适应
一、单句填空
1.(2019河南)—Shall
I
help
you
across
the
street,
Grandpa
—No,
thanks.
I
can
manage
it
myself.
2.(2019北京)We
planted
some
flowers
in
the
garden
yesterday.
3.(2019江苏南京)Xinhua
Zidian,
or
the
New
Chinese
Dictionary,
was
first
pub-
lished
in
1953.
4.(2019山西)Change
the
information
you
read
into
a
mind
map.
In
this
way,
you
can
remember
it
well
and
think
of
it
later
easily.
中考题组
5.(2019湖北武汉)He
wrote
his
phone
number
on
a
piece
of
paper.
6.(2019广东)I
think
tea
will
taste
better
with
some
milk
in
it.
7.(2019福建)—Is
that
your
headmaster
—You
mean
the
man
in
blue
8.(2019安徽)On
sunny
days,
my
grandma
often
reads
a
novel
by
the
window.
9.(2019湖南长沙)Yesterday
our
headmaster
made
a
speech
on
environmental
protection,
and
we
learned
something
about
recycling
of
waste.
10.(2019吉林)—Excuse
me.
Where
is
the
nearest
bookstore
—Go
along
Center
Street
and
you'll
find
it.
11.(2019甘肃天水)I
want
to
learn
a
second
foreign
language
besides
English.
12.(2019河北)This
story
is
in simple
English.
My
little
sister
can
read
it.
13.(2019内蒙古呼和浩特)Ben
was
helping
his
mother
when
the
rain
began
to
beat
heavily
against
the
windows.
14.(2019山东青岛)The
high-speed
train
between
Qingdao
and
Beijing
travels
faster
now.
The
train
ride
takes
only
about
three
hours.
15.(2019浙江温州)The
instructions
tell
us
everything
in
detail
about
how
to
make
the
model
ship.
16.(2018河南)I
stopped
for
the
night
in
a
small
village
while
I
was
on
holiday
in
the
Himalayas
a
few
years
ago.
17.(2018北京)Happy
birthday,
Peter!
Here's
a
gift
for
you.
18.(2018天津)In
the
picture,
he
sits
beside
me,
looking
very
happy.
19.(2018上海)Karen
and
Lily
will
go
to
Russia
to
watch
the
2018
World
Cup
in
July.
20.(2018重庆)I
always
play
basketball
to
relax
myself
on
Saturdays.
21.(2018江苏南京)Neil
Armstrong
was
the
first
man
to
walk
on
the
moon
on
20
July
1969.
22.(2018广东)—How
soon
will
we
get
the
offer
from
a
new
high
school
— In
about
two
months.
23.(2018吉林)—Do
you
agree
with
my
plan
—Yes,
it
is
wonderful.
24.(2017河南)Father
brought
his
little
boy
to
a
concert.
But
he
was
too
young
to
sit
through
the
whole
concert.
二、语篇填空
(2020河南中考预测)
阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完
整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。
get　they　with　young　pencil　spend　if　friend　call
than
Do
you
have
a
mobile
phone
Do
you
send
text
messages
to
your
friends
and
fami-
ly
Text-messaging
or
“texting”
is
becoming
very
popular.
Not
only
students
but
al-
so
adults
like
talking
with
　1
by
texting.
However,
scientists
have
discovered
that
texting
can
give
us
problems
　2
our
hands.
Be
careful!
Too
much
texting
can
cause
RSI(Repetitive
Strain
Injury)
in
our
thumbs(拇指)and
wrists(手腕).
We
spoke
to
a
doctor
　3 Harriet
Wilson,
who
treats
many
patients
with
RSI.
She
said
if
we
　4
more
than
10—15
minutes
texting
each
time,
we
could
have
prob-
lems
in
the
future.
She
also
said
that
the
　5
patient
she
had
treated
was
a
five-
year-old
girl.
She
had
such
bad
RSI
that
she
couldn't
hold
a
　6 .
As
mobile
phones
develop,
people
can
do
many
interesting
things
on
them.
We
are
　7
closer
with
mobile
phones.
Texting
with
a
smaller
phone
is
worse
　8
us-
ing
a
larger
phone
with
bigger
buttons.
Using
computers
and
playing
video
games
can
cause
the
same
problem.
So
more
and
more
people
found
　9
with
RSI.
　10
we
don't
do
anything
about
this,
too
many
young
people
would
grow
up
in
ter-
rible
pain.
1. friends 　2. with 　3. called 　4. spent 　5. youngest
6. pencil 　7. getting 　8. than 　9. themselves 　10. If
一、单句填空
1.(2019河南郑州一模)—Mum,
why
are
you
so
unhappy
—I
drove
through
a
red
light
on
my
way
home.
A
fine
ticket
is
on
the
way.
2.(2019河南外国语中学一模)A
South
Korean
company
produced
a
kind
of
new
concept
car,
Elevate.
It
has
legs
and
the
legs
allow
the
car
to
climb
over
1.5-
meter-tall
walls.
3.(2019河南新乡一模)My
little
sister
was
born
on
a
sunny
morning
in
June,
2
017.
模拟题组
4.(2019河南安阳一模)—Wow,
what
a
special
toy
car!
It's
made
of
coins!
—Yes,
it
is.
And
it's
made
by
my
little
brother.
5.(2019河南焦作一模)—Look,your
face
is
so
dirty.What's
the
matter
—Let
me
look
in
the
mirror.
I
was
busy
painting
my
room.
6.(2019河南平顶山一模)The
tall
building
stands
in
a
quiet
place off the
main
road.
7.(2019河南商丘一模)—Could
you
give
me
some
advice
on
how
to
learn
math
well
—Of
course,
but
nothing
can
be
done
well
without
hard
work.
8.(2019河南中原名校中考第一次大联考)Running
30
minutes
every
day
not
only
keeps
us
from
gaining
weight,but
also
cuts
down
the
pressure
from
work.
9.(2019河南中原名校中考第二次大联考)After
the
program
Chinese
Poetry
Con-
ference
was
shown
on
TV,we
can
see
many
people
learning
poems
across
the
country.
10.(2019河南百校联盟大联考)President
Xi
said
people
in
the
world
should
build
a
community
with
a
shared
future.
11.(2019河南郑州二模)—Let's
go
into
the
classroom,Mike!
— After you,
madam.
12.(2018河南开封一模)It's
reported
that
a
lot
of
adults
take
lessons
online
for
further
education.
13.(2018河南信阳一模)—Warmly
welcome!All
my
family
really
hope
you
can
en-
joy
yourself
during
your
stay
in
my
home.
—Oh,
thank
you
so
much.I
believe
I
will.
14.(2018河南郑州一模)The
housing
price
in
my
hometown
has
increased
by
two
percent
during
the
past
two
months.
15.(2018河南洛阳二模)—It
is
a
nice
day,
isn't
it
—Yes.
We
should
go
sightseeing
instead
of
playing
computer
games
at
home.
16.(2018河南焦作二模)I
didn't
choose
the
guitar
lessons
because
I
have
so
much
work
to
do,
but
it's
against
my
own
wishes.
二、语篇填空
(2020河南中考原创)
阅读短文,根据语篇要求填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。
Malala
Yousafzai
is
a
Pakistani
youth
activist(活动家).
She
is
the
youngest
person
in
the
world
ever
to
be
named
United
Nations(U.N.)Messenger(信使)of
Peace.
The
United
Nations
is　1 international
organization,
which
is
meant
to
encourage
countries
　2
work
together
on
different
opinions
without
the
use
of
war.
Yousafzai
has
gladly
accepted
the
role
of
working
for
girls'
education.
Usually,
a
messenger
stays
in
the
position(职位)for
three
years.“If
you
want
to
see
your
fu-
ture
bright,
you
have
to
start
working
now
and
not
wait
　3
anyone
else,”
she
said
at
the
acceptance
meeting
in
New
York.
In
2012,
Yousafzai
was
nearly
killed
by
the
Taliban
because
she
worked
hard
to
get
the
same
education
for
young
girls
in
Pakistan.
But
later
her
condition
improved.　4 a
brave
girl!
Since
then
Yousafzai
　5 become
a
symbol
for
peace
and
girls'
right
to
receive
an
education.
1. an 　2. to 　3. for 　4. What 　5. has (共32张PPT)
专题十二　非谓语动词
考点一　动词不定式
考点突破
考点二　动名词
考点一　动词不定式
考点突破
一、动词不定式的构成
动词不定式的基本形式:to+动词原形,有时可以不用to。这里的to是动词不定式
符号,本身无词义。动词不定式的否定形式是not(+to)+动词原形。
功能
例句
说明
主语
To
speak
English
is
not
easy
for
us.
=It
is
not
easy
for
us
to
speak
English.讲英语对
我们来说不容易。
动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而把动词不定式放在后面
表语
My
work
is
to
clean
the
room
every
day.
=To
clean
the
room
every
day
is
my
work.我的
工作就是每天打扫这个房间。
多数情况下,动词不定式作表语可转换为作主语
宾语
—What
sports
does
he
like
to
play
——他喜欢做什么运动
—He
likes
to
play
basketball.
——他喜欢打篮球。
只能作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语
二、动词不定式的句法功能
补语
My
mother
made
me
play
the
piano
all
the
time.
我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。
在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役动词或感官动词后,动词不定式省略to(但在被动语态中to不能被省略)
定语
Have
you
got
anything
to
say
你有什么要说的吗
动词不定式作定语,要放在被修饰词的后面
状语
I'm
sorry
to
trouble
you.
我很抱歉给你添麻烦了。(表原因)
I
went
to
the
library
to
study
English.
我去图书馆学英语了。(表目的)
动词不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子主语
一致
1.动词不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在后面,其结构为:It
+be+adj.(+for/of
sb.)+动词不定式。如:
It
is
useful
to
learn
English
well.
学好英语是很有用的。
It's
important
for
us
to
protect
the
environment.
对我们来说,保护环境很重要。
注意:在kind,good,nice,clever等形容人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。
2.动词不定式作宾语
只能作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语。如:
I
would
like
to
see
a
film
this
evening.
今晚我想去看电影。
注意:(1)常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有agree(同意),
plan(计划),
want(想要),
learn(学会),
expect(期望),
decide(决定),
wish(希望),
pretend(假装),
arrange(安
排),
promise(承诺),
refuse(拒绝),
prepare(准备),
hope(希望),
would
like(想要),
manage(设法)等。
(2)find,think等后跟动词不定式作宾语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放
在后面。如:
I
find
it
easy
to
speak
English.
我觉得说英语很容易。
(3)常见的一些后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语的结构。
why
not...,had
better(not)...,would
rather,could/would
you
please(not)...。如:
I
would
rather
stay
in
the
room.
我宁愿待在房间里。
3.动词不定式作表语
多数情况下不定式作表语可转换为主语。如:
His
job
is
to
clean
the
office
every
day.
=To
clean
the
office
every
day
is
his
job.
他的工作就是每天打扫办公室。
4.动词不定式作宾语补足语
动词不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主动关系。如:
Lucy
asked
him
to
turn
down
the
radio.
露西叫他把收音机调小点儿声。
tell,ask,want,allow,get,would
like,encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。
如:
My
mother
encourages
me
to
learn
Japanese.
我妈妈鼓励我学日语。
注意:还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用动词不定式作宾补,这时动词不定式要
省略to。这些动词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear,listen
to)、三让(let,make,have)、四
看(look
at,see,watch,notice),但变为被动语态时,必须加上to。
5.动词不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语时,应放在被修饰词之后。
(2)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定
式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面需有相应的介词。如:
The
Browns
have
a
comfortable
house
to
live
in.
布朗一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。
但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way
时,不定式后面的介词习惯上
省去。如:
He
had
no
money
and
no
place
to
live(in).
他没钱,也没有安居之所。
三、“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法
动词不定式与疑问词连用时可用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语或表语。如:
Which
book
to
choose
is
a
problem.
选哪本书是一个问题。(作主语)
I
haven't
decided
when
to
start.
我还没有决定何时动身。(作宾语)
He
taught
me
how
to
use
it.
他教给我如何使用它。(作宾语补足语)
The
most
important
problem
is
how
to
deal
with
this
computer.
最重要的问题是如何处理这台电脑。(作表语)
注意:1.“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句。如:
I
don't
know
how
to
get
there.
=I
don't
know
how
I
can
get
there.
我不知道怎么到那里。
2.按英语习惯,疑问词why后面通常不接不定式。但在以why或why
not开头的省
略型疑问句中,其后可跟不带to的不定式。如:
You
look
unhappy.
Why
not
go
out
for
a
walk
你看起来不高兴。为什么不出去散步呢
考点二　动名词
一、动名词的构成
动名词由“动词原形+-ing”构成,它既具有名词的特性,在句子中可以作主语、
表语、宾语和定语,又保留了动词的性质,可以有自己的宾语和状语。
二、动名词的基本用法
用法
说明
例句
作主语
动名词在句中作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;
有时可用it作形式主语
Swimming
is
good
for
our
health.
It's
interesting
playing
with
children.
作宾语
动词enjoy,practice,finish,mind,miss,keep,sug-
gest,imagine,consider等后面只能接动名词作宾
语
Her
sister
practices
speaking
English
every
day.
某些固定搭配,如:be
interested
in,be
proud
of,be
worth,be
used
to,feel
like,give
up,think
of,take
part
in等之后也接动名词作宾语
We
are
proud
of
being
Chinese.
We
are
used
to
living
in
this
city.
作定语
通常位于名词前
They
found
another
hiding
place.
作表语
表示主语具有抽象名词特性
Seeing
is
believing.
二、动名词的基本用法
注意:1.英语中有一些词或短语后面常跟动名词作宾语。初中阶段常见的有:fin-
ish,enjoy,mind,miss,be
worth,be
busy,practice,feel
like,be
used
to(习惯于),give
up,
keep
on,consider,suggest,can't
help。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词或短语:
完成练习值得忙(finish,practice,be
worth,be
busy)
继续习惯别放弃(keep
on,be
used
to,give
up)
考虑建议不禁想(consider,suggest,can't
help,feel
like)
喜欢思念和介意(enjoy,miss,mind)
2.下列短语中的to为介词,后面应加动名词作宾语。
make
contributions
to为……做贡献
devote
oneself
to...
致力于……,投身于……
look
forward
to...期盼……
prefer
A
to
B比起B来更喜欢A
be
used
to...习惯于……
3.need,require,want
后加动名词等于加不定式的被动式。如:
The
flowers
need
watering.
=The
flowers
need
to
be
watered.
这些花需要浇了。
三、动词后接不定式与动名词的区别
1.
Stop
to
think
about
it
for
a
moment.停下来想一会儿。
Stop
talking,please.请停止说话。
2.
Please
remember
to
post
my
letter.请记得把我的信寄出去。
I
remember
posting
your
letter.我记得把你的信寄出去了。
3.
I'll
never
forget
hearing
this
piece
of
music
for
the
first
time.
我将永远不会忘记第一次听到这首曲子的情景。
I
forgot
to
ask
him
for
his
address.
我忘了向他要他的地址了。
4.
Please
try
to
do
better
next
time.
下次尽力做得更好些。
He
tried
speaking
to
us
in
English.
他试着用英语和我们谈话。
5.
Go
on
to
do
the
other
exercises
after
you
finish
this
one.
你做完这道练习题后,接着做其他的。
Go
on
doing
the
exercises
after
a
short
rest.
短暂的休息之后继续做练习题。
一、单句填空
1.(2019河南)—Do
you
always
get
up
so
early
—Yes,
to
catch
the
first
bus.
My
home
is
far
away
from
school.
2.(2019天津)The
government
is
setting
up
nature
parks
to
help
protect
pandas.
3.(2019江苏南京)—Do
you
have
any
plans
for
the
holiday
—Yes,
I'm
planning
to
travel
to
Jiuzhaigou.
I'm
looking
forward
to
seeing
(see)
the
colourful
lakes
and
amazing
waterfalls.
4.(2019重庆)He
took
off
his
expensive
watch
to
hide
the
fact
that
he
was
rich.
中考题组
5.(2019广东)Young
people
are
encouraged
to
work
hard
to
achieve
their
own
dreams.
6.(2019黑龙江哈尔滨)Kids
like
reading
stories
which
can
make
them
laugh
(laugh).
7.(2019吉林)Michael
visits
many
websites
to
learn
about
Chinese
culture.
8.(2019内蒙古呼和浩特)It
is
wise
of
Linda
to
make
up
her
mind
to
learn
to
play
an
instrument.
9.(2019江苏苏州)—Please
stay
with
me
this
weekend.
—I'm
sorry,
but
my
father
and
I
planned
to
visit
Beijing
a
long
time
ago.
10.(2019四川成都)Smart
phones
made (make)
by
Huawei
are
getting
more
and
more
popular
around
the
world.
11.(2019甘肃兰州)We
are
supposed
to
share
some
housework
with
our
par-
ents
when
we
have
free
time.
12.(2019甘肃天水)I
saw
her
watering (water)
flowers
in
the
garden
when
I
passed
by.
13.(2018天津)Harry
invited
me
to
stay
with
him
when
his
parents
were
out
of
town.
14.(2018上海)Sue
practises
playing (play)
the
violin
hard
and
often
gives
wonderful
performances.
15.(2018重庆)It
was
raining.
My
father
asked
me
to
take
a
raincoat.
16.(2018广东)After
long
years
of
war,
many
people
in
Syria
are
homeless.
I
think
it
important
to
build
a
peaceful
world.
17.(2018江苏苏州)—I'm
Daisy,
not
Jessie.
—Sorry,
I
have
difficulty
remembering (remember)
people's
names.
18.(2018新疆乌鲁木齐)My
bike
is
broken.
I
will
have
it
fixed (fix)
up
tomor-
row
morning.
19.(2018四川成都)I
got
up
early
this
morning
to
pick
up
my
grandma
at
the
airport.
20.(2017河南)Whenever
we
kids
come
over,
Auntie
Susan
just
stands
there
and
watches
us
to
make
sure
we
don't
break
anything.
二、语篇填空
阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完
整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。
see　dollar　collect　real　box　hope　make　pick　if
me
I
drove
to
a
local
supermarket.
My
shopping
list
was
long,
but
my
wallet
was
light.
I
parked
my
car,
looked
down
at
my
list
and
　1
that
I
could
afford
it
all.
As
I
walked
to
the
door,
I
saw
a
man
with
kind
eyes
and
a
gentle
smile.
He
said
he
was
　2
for
a
food
bank
that
helped
to
feed
the
hungry
people
in
my
area.
He
gave
me
a
shopping
list
of
things
they
could
use
and
asked
me
　3
I
could
help.
I
smiled
back,
took
the
list
and
walked
into
the
store.
I
　4
wanted
to
help,
but
I
wasn't
sure
if
I
could
this
time.
I
　5
up
vegetables,
bread,
milk
and
some
other
things.
When
I
looked
down
at
my
full
cart(手推车),
I
wondered
again
if
I
had
enough
to
pay.
As
I
put
my
own
list
back
into
my
pocket,
I
　6
the
food
bank
list
under
it.
I
decided
to
trust
　7
heart.
With
the
food
bank
in
mind,
I
picked
up
two
of
the
biggest
　8
of
rice
and
put
them
in
my
cart.
And
when
everything
was
totaled,
I
had
just
enough
to
pay
for
them
all.
It
takes
so
little
to
　9
our
world
a
better
place.
A
few
　10
can
help
a
hungry
child.
A
smile
and
hug
can
help
to
heal(治愈)a
hurting
heart.
1. hoped 　2. collecting 　3. if 　4. really 　5. picked
6. saw 　7. my 　8. boxes 　9. make 　10. dollars
一、单句填空
1.(2019河南郑州一模)—Why
did
you
buy
so
much
chocolate
— To
support
my
sister's
business.She's
just
opened
a
chocolate
shop.
2.(2019河南新乡一模)I
was
tired
out,so
I
stopped
the
car
to
have
a
short
rest.
3.(2019河南开封一模) To
improve
your
English,
read
more
English
books
and
magazines.
4.(2019河南平顶山一模)How
kind
Mike
is!
He
always
does
what
he
can
to
help
others.
模拟题组
5.(2019河南中原名校中考第二次大联考) To
make
the
room
look
larger,
they
decided
to
choose
a
folding
dining
table.
6.(2019河南百校联盟大联考)Last
year,
whenever
I
passed
the
square
in
the
morn-
ing,
I
saw
a
large
group
of
middle-aged
women
dancing (dance)
there.
7.(2019河南郑州二模)Life
is
like
a
story.
To
make
your
story
wonderful,
you
'd
better
improve
yourself
all
the
time.
8.(2019河南新乡二模)I
find
it
relaxing
and
pleasant
to
travel
after
hard
work.
9.(2019河南省实验中学二模) To
protect
teenagers'
eyesight,
Henan
Province
asks
teachers
not
to
set
homework
on
mobile
apps.
10.(2018河南安阳一模)—Why
are
you
in
a
hurry,
Michael
— To
catch
the
early
bus.
I'll
be
late
for
class.
11.(2018河南许昌一模)Wang
Tao
is
only
an
eight-year-old
boy,
but
he
has
to
do
all
he
can
to
make
money
for
his
poor
family.
He
really
needs
our
help.
12.(2018河南平顶山一模)The
sign
tells
us
not
to
swim
there.
13.(2018河南安阳二模)—Alan,
you
will
have
a
younger
brother
or
sister
in
seven
months.
—That's
great.
I
will
do
everything
I
can
to
make
him
or
her
happy.
14.(2018河南南阳唐河二模)—What
did
our
science
teacher
say
just
now
—He
asked
us
to
pay
more
attention
to
keeping (keep)
the
lab
clean.
二、语篇填空
(2020河南中考原创)
阅读短文,根据语篇要求填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。
It
is
necessary
to
relax
ourselves
after
the
exam.
　1
are
some
kinds
of
activities
for
us
to
take
part
in.
First
of
all,
we
can
go
for
　2
walk
along
the
bank
of
the
river.
We
can
also
go
to
the
movies
or
listen
to
music.
What's
more,
joining
a
sports
club
is
a
good
choice,
which
　3
keep
us
healthy.
For
example,
playing
football
　4
the
afternoon
may
relax
ourselves.
Above
all,
we
should
arrange(管
理)
our
time
properly
　5
live
a
regular(规律的)
life.
I
hope
all
of
us
can
have
a
wonderful
time.
1. There 　2. a 　3. can 　4. in 　5. and (共49张PPT)
专题九　动词的时态
考点一　一般现在时
考点突破
考点六　现在完成时
考点二　一般过去时
考点三　现在进行时
考点四　过去进行时
考点五　一般将来时
考点一　一般现在时
考点突破
一般现在时的构成及用法
1.一般现在时的构成
一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示,如果主语是第三人称单数,则在动词原形后
加-s或-es。
Tom
often
helps
his
parents
do
housework
at
home.
汤姆在家经常帮他的父母做家务。
Sometimes
Lucy
washes
her
clothes
herself.
有时候,露西自己洗衣服。
2.一般现在时的用法
(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与usually,sometimes,once
a
week,every
day等表示频率的副词和短语连用。如:
I
often
take
a
bus
to
school.我经常乘公共汽车去上学。
(2)表示客观事实或普遍真理。如:
The
earth
goes
around
the
sun.
地球绕着太阳转。
(3)在时间、条件等状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。如:
If
it
rains
tomorrow,we
won't
go
to
the
park.
如果明天下雨,我们就不去公园了。
When
I
grow
up,I
will
go
to
America.
等我长大后,我将去美国。
(4)在某些以here,there开头的句子中用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。如:
Here
comes
a
bus.
公交车来了。
考点二　一般过去时
一般过去时的构成及用法
1.一般过去时的构成
一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。如:
Last
week
Tom
made
a
model
plane
with
his
friend
Jack.
上周汤姆和他的朋友杰克做了一个飞机模型。
(1)动词过去式的规则变化
在动词原形后加-ed
work—worked
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变为i再加-ed
carry—carried
study—studied
以e结尾的动词,直接加-d
live—lived
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母后再加-ed
stop—stopped
plan—planned
(2)巧记不规则动词的变化规律
①巧记ABB型不规则动词(A代表原形,BB代表过去式和过去分词)
原形特征
过去式
过去分词
例词
-eep
-ept
-ept
keep,sweep,sleep
-ell
-old
-old
sell,tell
-end
-ent
-ent
lend,spend,send
-ay
-aid
-aid
say,pay
-n
-nt
-nt
burn,learn,mean
原形特征
过去式
过去分词
例词
-eak
-oke
-oken
break,speak
-eal
-ole
-olen
steal
-ear
-ore
-orn
wear,bear,tear
-ow
-ew
-own
grow,blow,know,throw
-i-
-a-
-u-
sink,swim,drink,ring,sing,begin
-i-
-o-
-n
drive,rise
②巧记ABC型不规则动词(A代表原形,B代表过去式,C代表过去分词)
　　③巧记AAA型不规则动词(A代表原形、过去式和过去分词)
2.一般过去时的用法
(1)表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。如:
I
got
up
at
six
this
morning.
今天早上我六点起的床。
We
visited
the
factory
last
week.
上周我们参观了那个工厂。
击中
受伤
让
吐痰
使摆脱
花费
读
放
切
hit
hurt
let
spit
rid
cost
read
put
cut
(2)表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。如:
When
I
was
in
the
countryside,I
often
swam
in
the
river.
当我在乡下时,我常常在河里游泳。
注意:和一般过去时连用的时间状语有:last
night,yesterday,last
week,some
years
ago,in
1995,in
the
past,the
other
day,at
that
time,just
now等。
考点三　现在进行时
1.现在进行时由“am/is/are+动词的现在分词”构成。
否定形式:主语+am/is/are+not+动词的现在分词+其他.
疑问形式:Am/Is/Are+主语+动词的现在分词+其他
肯定回答:Yes,主语+am/is/are.
否定回答:No,主语+am/is/are+not.
2.表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。
—What
are
you
doing 你在干什么
—I
am
washing
my
car.我在洗我的车。
3.表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。
The
students
are
working
on
the
farm
these
days.
这些天学生们一直在农场劳动。
4.当时间状语为
now,these
days等或当句子中含有look,listen,can
you
see,can't
you
see之类的暗示词时,要使用现在进行时。
但应注意下列动词一般不用于现在进行时:
①感官动词,如:see,hear等。
②表示喜欢或厌恶的动词,如:like,love,hate等。
③表示希望的动词,如:want,wish,hope等。
④表示状态的动词,如:lie(位于)等。
⑤表示归属的动词,如:have,belong等。
⑥表示思维、知识或理解能力的动词,如:know,think,forget等。
考点四　过去进行时
1.过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作,常和表示过去
的时间状语连用,如:then,at
that
time,this
time
yesterday,at
ten
yesterday等,或用另
一动作来表示过去的时间。
—What
were
you
doing
at
three
yesterday
afternoon
——昨天下午三点你在干什么
—I
was
playing
basketball
at
that
time.
——那时我在打篮球。
I
was
reading
when
my
mother
came
in.
当我妈妈进来时,我正在看书。
2.注意在含有when或while引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中,过去进行时的
使用。
(1)主句中的动作先于从句中的动作发生,且进行的时间较长时,主句用过去进行
时(从句常用一般过去时)。
(2)从句中的动作先于主句中的动作发生,且进行的时间较长时,从句用过去进行
时(主句用一般过去时)。
(3)若主、从句动作开始时间不存在先后关系(即同时发生)或无所谓先后时,
主、从句可同时使用过去进行时,此时的时间状语从句一般由while来引导。
3.过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
(1)过去进行时表示一个过去正在进行或持续而且可能尚未完成的动作,而一般
过去时表示一个过去已经完成的动作。如:
They
built
a
bridge
last
winter.(已经建成了)
他们去年冬天建了一座桥。
They
were
building
a
bridge
last
winter.(可能还未建成)
他们去年冬天在建一座桥。
(2)表示状态、感觉及心理活动的动词(如:be,
like,
love,
hate,
fear,
own,
hear,
see,
know,
want,
notice)可用于一般过去时,但通常不用于进行时。如:
I
hated
it
when
a
man
spoke
with
his
mouth
full
of
food.
我讨厌一个人在说话时嘴里满口食物。
(3)过去进行时常和always等频度副词连用,表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作,此
时的过去进行时带有一定的感彩。如:
Jack
was
always
changing
his
mind.
杰克总是改变他的主意。
考点五　一般将来时
1.一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,其结构是will+动词原形。
常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如:tomorrow,next
week,next
Saturday,in+时间段
等。
They
will
leave
for
Beijing
next
week.
下周他们要去北京。
Will
you
be
back
in
two
days
你两天后会回来吗
当主语是I或we时,疑问句中一般使用shall,表示征求对方意见。
Where
shall
we
meet
tomorrow 明天我们在哪里见面
2.be
going
to+动词原形,表示计划、打算做某事,表示已决定并且很可能发生的
事。
He
is
going
to
speak
on
the
radio
this
evening.
他计划今晚在电台上讲话。
3.be+现在分词,表示将来。
常用这种结构的动词有:go,come,leave,arrive,start,begin等,表示即将发生或安排
好要做的事情。
We
are
leaving
for
Shanghai.我们就要动身去上海了。
The
bus
is
coming.公共汽车就要来了。
4.“be
to+动词原形”结构表示即将发生的动作。
Audrey
and
Jimmy
are
to
be
married
in
June.
奥德丽和吉米将在六月份结婚。
5.用一般现在时表示将来的情况。
(1)表示按规定或时间表预计将发生的动作。
We're
leaving
for
Kunming.Our
plane
takes
off
at
8:30.
我们要去昆明了。我们的飞机八点半起飞。
(2)在含有if,as
soon
as,until,when等引导的状语从句的主从复合句中,当主句为
一般将来时时,从句用一般现在时表示将来。
If
it
doesn't
rain
this
afternoon,we'll
have
a
basketball
match.
如果今天下午不下雨,我们将举行一场篮球比赛。
注意:在下面几种情况下只可用will/shall表示将来,而不可以用be
going
to结构:
①表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时。
Will
you
please
lend
me
your
bike
请你把自行车借给我用一下好吗
②表示带有意愿色彩的时候。
I'll
check
this
letter
for
you,if
you
want.
你要是愿意,我会给你查查这封信的。
③表示单纯性的将来,与人的主观愿望和判断无关时。
The
sun
will
rise
at
6:00
tomorrow
morning.
明天早上太阳将在六点升起。
考点六　现在完成时
现在完成时的构成及用法
1.现在完成时的构成
由“have/has+动词的过去分词”构成。
2.现在完成时的用法
(1)表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如:
—Have
you
finished
your
homework
——你完成家庭作业了吗
—Yes,I
have
just
finished
it.
——是的,我刚完成。
I
have
lost
my
key.
我把钥匙丢了。
—Have
you
found
your
lost
key
yet
——你找到你丢失的钥匙了吗
—No,I
haven't
found
it
yet.
——没有,我还没有找到它。
注意:already,yet常和现在完成时连用。already用于肯定句中,可放在助动词之
后、过去分词之前,也可放在句末;yet用在疑问句或否定句中,通常放在句末。
(2)表示动作或状态在过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还要持续下去,常和“for+
时间段”或“since+时间点”连用,表示持续的动作或状态,多用延续性动词。
Mr
Zhang
has
taught
English
for
20
years.
张老师已经教了20年英语了。
用句型“It
is+时间段+since从句(从句的谓语动词用非延续性动词的过去式)”
表示。
It
is
two
years
since
the
old
man
died.
这个老人去世两年了。
(3)延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法
现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在,而与一段时间连用
时应注意句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,非延续性动词不可以和一段时间
连用。
非延续性动词
延续性动词
buy
have
borrow
keep
open
be
open
close
be
closed
begin/start
be
on
come
be
here
go
be
there
finish
be
over
die
be
dead
catch
a
cold
have
a
cold
put
on
wear
get
up
be
up
wake
up
be
awake
fall
asleep
be
asleep
lose
not
have
join
be
in
leave
be
away
arrive/reach
be
3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时强调的是过去的动作对现在的影响,它和现在有密切的联系。一般
过去时强调的是动作发生的时间、地点,不涉及对现在的影响。如:
Yesterday
I
went
to
the
park.昨天我去了公园。
Li
Li
has
read
the
book.李莉已经看过这本书了。
4.have
been
to,
have
gone
to和have
been
in
have
been
to,
have
gone
to和have
been
in是现在完成时很常用的三个结构,但它
们的用法差异很大。have
been
to表示“过去曾去过某地”,说话时已不在该地
了;have
gone
to表示“已去了某地”,说话时已不在说话的地点;have
been
in表
示“已在某地(待了多久)”。如:
Tom
has
gone
to
London
with
his
parents.
汤姆已经和他父母去了伦敦。
Have
you
ever
been
to
Beijing 你曾经去过北京吗
Mark
has
been
in
China
for
three
years.
马克已经在中国待了三年了。
一、单句填空
1.(2019河南)—Jim,
could
you
please
answer
the
question
—Sorry,
I
wasn't
　listening (listen).
Could
you
say
it
again
2.(2019北京)Sam
　skates (skate)
with
his
friends
every
weekend.
3.(2019北京)—Tom,
what's
your
dad
doing
—He
is
　repairing (repair)
my
bike.
4.(2019北京)Our
school
life
　has
changed
a
lot
since
2017.
We
have
more
ac-
tivities
now.
中考题组
5.(2019北京)If
you
want
to
visit
the
Palace
Museum,
I
　will book
tickets
for
you
tomorrow.
6.(2019天津)—What
is
your
plan
for
next
weekend,
Lingling
—I
　am
going
to
do
volunteer
work
in
the
museum.
7.(2019天津)While
the
lights
　were
changing
to
red,
a
car
suddenly
appeared
round
the
corner.
8.(2019江苏南京)—Wendy,
how
long
have
you
had
the
Huawei
P30
Pro
—A
couple
of
days.
I
　bought (buy)
it
last
week.
9.(2019重庆)Next
week,
each
student
in
the
class
　will
receive
a
small
gift
from
their
teachers.
10.(2019湖北武汉)She's
brought
you
some
eggs.
As
you
know,
she
　keeps
(keep)
chickens.
11.(2019江西)—Hurry
up!
—One
moment.
I
am
　reading (read)
my
e-mails
and
then
I'm
ready
to
go.
12.(2019广东)My
father
　has worked
in
a
panda
protection
center
for
10
years,
so
he
knows
a
lot
about
pandas.
13.(2019福建)—Look!
My
mother
has
　made (make)
a
new
dress
for
me.
—Wow,
it
looks
very
nice
on
you.
14.(2019安徽)—It's
ten
years
since
we
came
here.
—How
time
flies!
We
have
　worked (work)
in
China
for
so
long.
15.(2019吉林)It‘s
9:00
in
the
morning
now.
The
students
from
Grade
Nine
are
having (have)
an
important
exam.
16.(2019江苏苏州)Amon
　was
sailing
his
ship
in
a
big
storm
when
a
giant
fish
came
out
of
the
sea.
17.(2019甘肃兰州)Peter
with
his
classmates
　was
waiting
for
the
bus
when
the
earthquake
happened.
18.(2019河北)It
　is
raining.
Please
take
an
umbrella
with
you,
Annie.
19.(2019河北)He
　told (tell)
me
his
name,
but
I
can't
remember
it
now.
20.(2019河北)Sorry,
I
didn't
see
you,
because
I
　was
drawing
a
picture.
21.(2019四川成都)Be
quiet!
The
students
　are
taking
an
English
exam.
22.(2019湖南长沙)—I
can't
find
Sarah.
Where
is
she
—She
　is
preparing
for
tomorrow's
Xingcheng
Cup
speaking
competition
at
home.
23.(2019广西南宁)—I
went
to
your
office
at
9:00
yesterday
morning,
but
you
were
not
in.
—Sorry,
I
was
　talking (talk)
with
the
manager
in
the
meeting
room
at
that
time.
24.(2019内蒙古呼和浩特)The
shop
in
WANDA
PLAZA
　has
been
open
for
six
years,
but
I
　haven't
been
there
so
far.
25.(2019浙江温州)—Linda,
Dad
has
finished
his
work
and
we
　are
driving
to
the
gym
to
pick
you
up.
—Thank
you,
Mum.
26.(2019海南)David
fell
fast
asleep
while
he
was
　reading (read)
a
newspaper.
27.(2018河南)—Honey,
where
are
you
—I
am
　coming (come).
Just
let
me
put
on
my
shoes.
28.(2018北京)Bill
likes
reading.
He
　reads (read)
picture
books
with
his
dad
ev-
ery
evening.
29.(2018天津)—Jerry,
have
you
ever
been
to
the
Great
Wall
—Yes.
I
　went (go)
there
with
my
parents
last
year.
30.(2018河北)Gary
is
the
best
singer
in
my
class.
No
one
else
　sings (sing)
so
well.
31.(2018广东)—I
saw
the
light
of
your
room
was
still
on
at
two
o'clock
last
night.
—Oh,
I
　was
watching
a
football
match
of
the
Russia
World
Cup.
32.(2018山东青岛)—It's
time
to
work
now.
—OK.
I'll
wake
Carl
up.
He
　has
been
asleep
for
an
hour.
33.(2017河南)—Paul,
I'm
busy
cooking.
Can
you
give
me
a
hand
—Just
a
minute.
I
am
　checking (check)
my
e-mail.
二、语篇填空
(2020河南中考预测)
阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文意思通顺、完
整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。
it　remind　out　ancient　with　hard　translate　main
but　use
There
are
many
popular
words
that
are
created
from
the
Internet
and
people
like
to
use
the
network
language,
because
it
is
simple
and
funny.
Recently,
Wu
Yishu,
a
teenage
girl,
won
the
Chinese
　1
Poetry
Competition,
which
caught
the
public's
attention.
It
seems
that
she
　2
people
the
return
of
ancient
poetry.

Chinese
ancient
poetry
is
beautiful
and
profound(博大精深的).
The
reason
why
we
miss
Nobel
Prize
in
Literature
is
translation,
because
it
is
　3
to
translate
the
beauty
of
the
language.
When
Chinese
poetry
is
　4
into
English,
most
only
re-
main
the
　5
idea.
The
loss
of
the
artistic
concept
makes
the
poetry
lose
　6
charm.
The
young
people
get
used
to
　7
the
Internet
language,
and
most
of
them
have
forgotten
the
charm
of
ancient
language,
　8
its
elegance
won't
fade
away.
　9

more
people
starting
to
realize
the
charm
of
ancient
poetry,
the
desire
to
use
the
beautiful
language
will
be
recalled.
Indeed,
Chinese
culture
is
profound
and
rich.
The
classic
poetry
reflects
the
history.
In
the
fast
pace
of
lifestyle,
the
ancient
lan-
guage
won't
be
kicked
　10 ,
which
stands
for
the
national
treasure.
1.　Ancient 　2.　reminds 　3.　hard 　4.　translated 　5.　main
6.　its 　7.　using 　8.　but 　9.　With 　10.　out
一、单句填空
1.(2019河南郑州一模)—Did
Lucy
know
the
result
of
the
school
football
match
—I
don't
think
so.
She was
talking
on
the
phone
at
the
end
of
the
match.
2.(2019河南省实验中学一模)Ladies
and
gentlemen,
please
remain
in
your
seats,
fasten
your
seat
belt
and
bring
your
seat
back.
The
plane
is
taking
off.
3.(2019河南新乡一模)—I
have
already
bought
a
new
car.
—When
and
where
did
you
buy
it
4.(2019河南洛阳一模)The
English
program
Family
Album
USA
is
very
well-made.
模拟题组
I
have
seen (see)
it
twice
already.
5.(2019河南开封一模)—Helen,would
you
like
to
see
The
Wondering
Earth
with
us
tomorrow
—It's
a
wonderful
film,but
I
have
watched
it
and
I
want
to
see
Pegasus(《飞
驰人生》).
6.(2019河南安阳一模)—Honey,
could
you
please
help
me
answer
the
phone
—Sorry,
I
am
taking (take)
a
shower
in
the
bathroom.
7.(2019河南焦作一模)—Amy,can
we
give
away
these
old
soft
toys
We
have
had
them
for
many
years.
—Mom,but
I
want
to
keep
the
bear.
8.(2019河南焦作一模)—Have
you
watched
the
new
movie
The
Wandering
Earth
—Not
yet.
I
will
watch
it
with
my
cousin
this
week.
9.(2019河南许昌一模)We
have
been
in
this
school
for
three
years.It's
time
to
graduate,we
should
thank
our
teachers
for
what
they
have
done
for
us.
10.(2019河南商丘一模)—Did
you
tell
your
mother
the
result
—Oh,no,I
forgot.
I
will
call
her
now.
11.(2019河大附中一模)—Could
you
tell
me
what
he
said
just
now
—Sorry,I
was
thinking (think)
about
what
I
would
do
tomorrow.
12.(2019河南中原名校中考第二次大联考)—Have
you
seen
my
brother,Tim
—Yes.He
is
washing
his
car
behind
the
building.
13.(2019河南新乡二模)—Mum,where
is
my
dictionary
—Oh,I
didn't
see
it,
either.
I'm
afraid
you
have
lost (lose)
it.
14.(2019河南平顶山二模)—What's
wrong
with
your
dress
—Nothing
much.Just
now
when
I
wanted
to
get
off
the
bus,the
woman
next
to
me
was
sitting (sit)
on
it.
15.(2018河南开封一模)—Do
you
have
to
play
the
music
so
loud I
will
have
a
test
tomorrow!
—Sorry,I
didn't
know
you
could
hear
that.
16.(2018河南安阳一模)To
everyone's
surprise,Lei
Haiwei,a
take-out
boy
from
Hangzhou
won (win)
first
prize
in
the
third
season
of
Chinese
Poetry
Confer-
ence
in
April,2018.
17.(2018河南焦作一模)Nelly
loves
travelling.She
has
travelled (travel)
many
interesting
places
all
over
the
world
so
far.
18.(2018河南平顶山一模)Look!
The
child
with
some
students
is
playing
bas-
ketball
in
the
playground.
19.(2018河南信阳一模)—Hey,Kathy.How
do
you
like
my
new
shoes
—Oh,sorry.But
what
did
you
say
just
now I
was
thinking
something
else.
20.(2018河南开封一模)—Jack,which
program
are
you
waiting
for
—Everlasting
Classics(《经典咏流传》).I
have
waited
here
for
more
than
twenty
minutes.Our
teacher
asked
us
to
watch
it.
二、语篇填空
(2020河南中考原创)
阅读短文,根据语篇要求填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。
Do
you
ride
your
bike
to
school
It's
　1
good
idea
because
it's
good
exercise.
But
in
Europe
and
the
US
not
many
kids
go
to
school
on
their
bicycles.
They
　2
usually
taken
to
school
in
cars
by
their
parents.
Many
kids
don't
want
to
walk
or
ride
to
school.
But
it
may
not
be
good
for
　3
health.
There
are
a
lot
of
kids
with
weight
problems.
And
this
is
　4
parents
en-
courage
kids
to
ride
or
walk
to
school
today.
Of
course
these
parents
are
also
wor-
ried
about
kids'
safety.
It
is
good
for
the
environment
　5
ride
or
walk,
too.
More
bikes
on
the
road
means
less
pollution.
1. a 　2. on 　3. their 　4. why 　5. to (共46张PPT)
专题八　动词的分类与辨析
考点一　动词的分类及动词短语
考点突破
考点二　动词的词义辨析
考点一　动词的分类及动词短语
考点突破
一、动词的分类
动词的种类包括实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。
(一)实义动词
实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其句法功能可分为及物动词和不及物动
词。
1.及物动词
及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。
(1)动词+宾语
I
like
this
book
very
much.
我非常喜欢这本书。
(2)动词+宾语+宾补
We
call
the
bird
Polly.我们叫这只鸟Polly。
I
saw
the
children
play
in
the
park
yesterday.
昨天我看见孩子们在公园玩。
注意:用省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:have,see,watch,notice,hear
等。
(3)动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
Please
pass
me
the
salt.请把盐递给我。
常见的带双宾语的动词有:give,bring,buy,get,leave,lend,make,offer,pass,teach,tell
等。
2.不及物动词
不及物动词自身意思完整,无需接宾语。
Horses
run
fast.马跑得很快。
(1)有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。
We
study
English.我们学习英语。(及物动词)
We
study
hard.我们努力学习。(不及物动词)
(2)有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成动词短语,它的作用相当于一
个及物动词。
1)动词+介词
Listen
to
the
teacher
carefully.仔细听老师讲。
注意:此类动词短语后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词,都只能放在介词后面,不
能放在动词和介词之间。
2)动词+副词+介词
Let's
go
on
with
our
work!
让我们继续我们的工作吧!
He
gets
along
well
with
his
classmates.
他与同学们相处得很好。
注意:这类动词短语后的宾语只能放在介词的后面。
实义动词按其持续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。
①延续性动词
延续性动词表示动作是可以持续的,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:live,
study,work,keep,teach等。如:
We
have
lived
in
Suzhou
since
2001.
自2001年以来,我们一直住在苏州。
You
can
keep
this
book
for
two
weeks.
这本书你可以借两周。
②非延续性动词
非延续性动词表示瞬间动作,动作一旦发生立即结束,如:buy,lend,borrow,die,be-
gin,stop,finish,arrive,join,go,come,catch等,非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的
状语连用。如果和表示一段时间的状语连用,就要用其他的词代替。
The
old
man
has
been
dead
for
two
years.
那个老人已经去世两年了。(这里不能用has
died)
He
arrived
here
five
days
ago.
他五天前到这儿的。
(二)系动词
系动词本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语,说明主语的
状态、性质、特征或身份。
1.表示状态
常见的有:be“是”;stay“保持”;keep“保持”;remain“保持”等。如:
It
remains
a
secret.它现在还是个秘密。
2.表示感官、表象
常见的有:look“看起来”;feel“摸起来”;smell“闻起来”;sound“听起来”;
taste“尝起来”等。如:
The
flowers
smell
sweet.花闻起来很香。
3.表示转变和结果
常见的有:become“变成”;get/turn/grow“变得”等。如:
Her
face
turns
red.她的脸红了。
(三)助动词
助动词本身没有意义,它只是帮助实义动词或系动词构成谓语,表示疑问、否
定、时态、语态等。有些单词并不是固定的助动词,如动词be、have、do等在
句子中与实义动词或系动词一起构成各种时态、语态、否定句、疑问句时,才
担当起助动词的作用。常见的助动词还有will,
shall,
would,
should等。
(四)情态动词
有一定的词义,本身并不表示动作或状态,而仅仅表示说话人的态度。它在句中
需和主要动词一起构成谓语。(详见“专题十一　情态动词”)
动词+介词
laugh
at嘲笑　point
at指着　worry
about担忧
agree
with赞成　ask
for请求　talk
about谈论
动词+副词
pick
up捡起　grow
up长大　look
out当心
stay
up熬夜
动词+名词
make
progress取得进步　make
faces做鬼脸
动词+名词+介词
make
friends
with...和……交朋友
give
one's
life
to...献身于……
动词+副词+介词
stay
away
from远离　get
along
with进展;相处
动词+介词+名词
go
to
school去上学　go
to
bed上床睡觉
二、动词短语
1.常见的动词短语有以下几种形式:
2.常见的动词短语:
take短语
take
up占据
take
away带走;拿走
take
off(飞机)起飞;脱掉
take
down写下;记下
take
out切除
take
place发生
take
care
of照顾
take
part
in参加
make短语
make
a
decision作出决定
make
a
mistake犯错
make
a
living谋生
make
up组成;构成
turn短语
turn
on打开
turn
off关闭
turn
up开大;调高
turn
down调低;关小
turn
in上交
turn
out结果是
give短语
give
up放弃
give
in屈服;让步
give
away捐赠
give
out散发;分发
give
off发出(光、热等)
get短语
get
to到达
get
up起床;起来
get
over克服
get
on上车
get
off下车
get
together相聚
get
ready
for...为……做准备
keep短语
keep
out留在外面
keep
off使……不接近;回避某话题
keep
up
with并驾齐驱;跟上
keep
away
from远离
keep
in
touch保持联系
keep
healthy保持健康
put短语
put
up搭建;张贴
put
on穿上;上演
put
off推迟;拖延
put
out熄灭
put
away把……收起来
put
down写下;记下
put
up
with容忍
look短语
look
at看
look
for寻找
look
after照顾
look
up查阅
look
through浏览
look
around环顾
come短语
come
on加油;快点
come
out出现;出版
come
over突然感到
come
along出现;跟随
go短语
go
on继续
go
back回到
go
away走开;离开
go
by(时间)流逝
go
over仔细检查
go
off熄灭;离开
三个(be)
used
to
be
used
to
doing
sth.
表示习惯做某事,此时to是介词,后用v.-ing形式
used
to
do
sth.
表示过去常常做某事
be
used
to
do
sth.
被用来做某事
考点二　动词的词义辨析
常见的动词词义辨析:
三个
“到达”
get
get
to+地点名词
reach
及物动词,后面可直接接地点名词
arrive
arrive
in+大地点(名词)
arrive
at+小地点(名词)
三个
“借”
borrow
非延续性动词,表示主语“借入”,常用搭配borrow
sth.from
sb.
lend
非延续性动词,表示主语“借出”,常用搭配lend
sth.to
sb.
keep
延续性动词,表示“长时间地借”
三个
“穿”
dress
dress
sb.给某人穿衣服;dress
up装扮
put
on
“穿上,戴上”,表示动作
wear
“穿着,戴着”,表示状态
四个
“看”
see
“看见”,表示结果
look
“看”,表示动作,是不及物动词,后面需加介词at
才能接宾语
watch
“观看(比赛、电视)”
read
“看(书、报)”,表示阅读
四个
“拿”
bring
“带来,拿来”,表示“拿到靠近说话人的地方”
take
“拿去,带走”,表示“拿到远离说话人的地方”
carry
“扛,搬,用力移动”,没有方向
fetch
“去取,去拿”,表示“往返拿东西”
四个
“说”
speak
作及物动词时后接表示语言的名词,也指在会议上发言
say
常跟直接引语或间接引语,并且表示说的内容
talk
是不及物动词,常跟介词to和with,意为“同……谈话”,也表示具有说话的能力
tell
意为“告诉”,tell
stories意为“讲故事”
四个
“花费”
spend
人作主语,表示花费时间或金钱,后接on
sth.或(in)doing
sth.
cost
物作主语,意为“某物花费多少钱”
take
可用于固定句型表示花费一段时间做某事,其结构为:It+takes/took+一段时间+to
do
sth.
pay
与介词for连用
两个
“找”
look
for
强调寻找的过程
find
强调找的结果
两个
“听”
listen
to
listen
为不及物动词,与to组成固定搭配,强调听的动作
hear
强调听的结果
四个
有关
“赢、输”
lose
意为“被打败;输掉”,常用搭配:lose
to
sb.输给某人
fail
意为“失败”或“未做成某事”
beat
意为“打败”,后接某人或某支队伍
win
意为“赢得”,如:赢得荣誉、地位、比赛等
三个
“参加”
join
一般指加入“党派”或“组织”,如参军、入党等
take
part
in
指参加聚会或活动
attend
一般指出席会议
四个
“变化”
turn
一般用于颜色的变化
get
天变黑、变长或变短
become
天气变暖或变冷等,表示渐变
grow
形状变大或变小
一、选词填空
1.(2019河南)You
can't
change
who
you
are
by
reading
a
book
or
change
the
way
you
act
by
watching
a
video.
What
　matters
is
what
you
do,
not
what
you
know.
(includes/decides/means/matters)
2.(2019河南)I
asked
my
father
to
　pick
me
　up
at
the
school
gate
at
6:30
so
that
we
could
visit
Grandma
together.(pick;up/turn;down/let;down/cheer;up)
3.(2019天津)We
should
　avoid
making
a
noise
in
the
library.(avoid/prefer/prac-
tise/enjoy)
中考题组
4.(2019天津)If
you
want
to
join
the
Music
Club,
　fill
out
the
form,
please.(go
out/fill
out/get
up/warm
up)
5.(2019江苏南京)Tina
comes
to
China
in
order
to
experience
Chinese
culture
and
　find
out
which
university
is
the
best
for
her
to
attend.(put
out/stay
out/find
out/
run
out)
6.(2019山西)Fighting
for
your
dreams
is
like
climbing
a
mountain.
Whatever
diffi-
culties
you
meet,
don't
　give
up .
Just
move
on.(set
off/come
out/give
up)
7.(2019湖北武汉)—I
won't
tell
this
to
anyone.
—　Promise (Agree/Guess/Hope/Promise)
8.(2019湖北武汉)—Why
were
you
shouting
at
Tom
—I
told
him
to
be
quiet,
but
he
　kept
on
talking.(joined
in/ended
up/kept
on/put
off)
9.(2019江西)You'll
have
to
　share
the
books
because
there
aren't
enough
for
everyone.(pack/sell/choose/share)
10.(2019福建)—I
have
trouble
　speaking
English,
Mr.
Lee.
—Why
not
go
to
the
English
Corner
and
try
to
talk
with
others (reading/writing/
speaking)
11.(2019福建)My
deskmate
and
I
are
going
to
　put
on
a
talk
show
at
the
party
to
celebrate
the
70th
birthday
of
our
motherland.(hand
in/put
on/take
out)
12.(2019安徽)—Hello,
Beijing
Hotel.
Can
I
help
you
—Yes,
I'd
like
to
　book
a
single
room
for
two
nights.(enter/move/book/pro-
vide)
13.(2019新疆)—I'm
afraid
his
radio
is
too
noisy.
Will
you
please
　ask
him
to
　turn
it
down
a
little
—Sure.(ask;turn
it
down/allow;turn
it
on/tell;turn
it
up/advise;turn
it
off)
14.(2019吉林)We
always
　clean
up
our
classroom
every
Friday
afternoon.
(clean
up/put
up/use
up)
15.(2019贵州铜仁)—Do
you
know
anything
about
C919
—Of
course.
It's
a
kind
of
plane
which
　is
made
in
China.(is
made
of/is
made
in/is
made
from/is
made
up
of)
16.(2019江苏苏州)Would
you
please
　turn
off
the
light
I
can't
sleep
well
with
it
on.(turn
on/turn
off/turn
to/turn
around)
17.(2019甘肃兰州)—Can
I
help
you,
sir
—Yes,
please.
I
am
　looking
for
a
blue
T-shirt.(looking
up/looking
for/looking
after/looking
through)
18.(2019湖北襄阳)—What
does
Huawei's
newest
smartphone
look
like
—It's
wonderful!
You
can
　fold
it
in
half
just
like
closing
a
book.(hand/pass/
fold/cut)
19.(2019河北)On
the
first
day
of
Chinese
New
Year,
we
　put
on new
clothes
and
visit
people.(pick
up/put
on/take
off/throw
away)
20.(2019广西南宁)John,
please
　take
out
your
dictionary
from
the
schoolbag
and
look
up
the
new
word.(take
away/take
up/take
off/take
out)
21.(2019内蒙古呼和浩特)—Jack,
let's
have
a
picnic
after
school.
—Sorry.
I
have
　promised
Frank
to
work
on
the
biology
report
with
him.(ad-
vised/expected/suggested/promised)
22.(2019内蒙古呼和浩特)I
really
need
to
take
more
exercise
because
I'm
putting
on
weight.(putting
down/putting
on/putting
off/putting
away)
23.(2019山东青岛)The
English
Speech
Competition
　brought
out
the
best
in
her.
As
a
result,
she
is
more
active
now.(checked
out/tried
out/left
out/brought
out)
24.(2018河南)—Hey,
Jeremy.
Tony
and
I
want
to
　try
the
new
Italian
restau-
rant
tonight.
Come
with
us!
—Why
not (try/taste/choose/search)
25.(2018河南)—Jack
is
telling
everyone
he
has
bought
a
new
car.
—Pay
no
attention
to
him.
He
is
just
　showing
off .(taking
off/showing
off/driv-
ing
off/setting
off)
26.(2018天津)I
am
afraid
we
cannot
　afford
to
take
a
taxi.
Let's
go
by
under-
ground
instead.(refuse/afford/forget/fall)
27.(2018河北)Can
you
help
me
　pick
up
the
pen
It's
under
your
chair.(ask
for
/look
for/pick
up/put
up)
28.(2018江苏苏州)—What
do
you
think
of
Jason
—He
has
　impressed
me
with
his
good
sense
of
humour.(impressed/admired/
reminded/warned)
29.(2018湖北武汉)I
took
the
subway
and
　got
off
at
the
downtown
station.(got
through/got
over/got
on/got
off)
30.(2018山东潍坊)The
photos
that
won
the
first
prize
in
the
competition
will
be
put
up
on
the
website.(put
away/put
off/put
up/put
on)
31.(2018安徽)—I'm
afraid
I
might
forget
to
buy
the
bread
after
work.
—Don't
worry.
I
will
　remind
you
then.(notice/allow/remind/promise)
32.(2018贵州贵阳)We
should
　spend
more
time
talking
with
our
teachers
so
that
they
can
understand
us
better.(pay/spend/take)
33.(2017河南)Don't
know
where
your
kids
are
in
the
house Turn
off
the
Internet
and
they'll
　show
up
quickly.(get
up/stand
up/show
up/hurry
up)
34.(2017河南)The
plane
　remained
on
the
ground
for
two
more
hours
because
of
the
bad
weather.(ran/moved/shook/remained)
二、语篇填空
(2020河南中考预测)
阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完
整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。
special　without　she　so　encourage
old　speak　luck　month　compete
In
an
English
writing
competition,
a
girl
named
Sara
won
first
prize.
She
is
a
　1
winner,
because
she
is
the
only
competitor
who
doesn't
have
hands.
Sara
was
born
　2
her
hands.
Her
family
didn't
like
her,　3
they
left
her
in
front
of
a
welfare
home(福利院).
　4 ,
an
American
couple
liked
Sara
very
much.
They
brought
her
back
to
America.
There
was
another
girl
in
the
family.
She
is
2
years
　5
than
Sara.
She
liked
Sara,
too.
Sara
was
shy
at
first.
But
all
the
family
　6 her
to
open
her
heart.
They
taught
her
to
speak
English
and
treated
her
like
a
common
person.
As
time
went
by,
Sara
be-
came
more
and
more
active
and
outgoing.
She
was
so
smart
that
she
could
　7
and
read
English
in
just
one
year.
She
was
also
brave.
She
learned
to
ride
a
bike
and
climb
trees
with
no
hands.
Last
year,
there
was
an
English
writing
　8
in
her
school.
She
decided
to
take
part
in
it.
She
began
to
learn
to
write,
holding
the
pen
between
her
arms.
The
pen
fell
down
from
her
arms
again
and
again.
However,
she
didn't
give
up.
After
two
　9 ,
she
could
write
very
well.
And
finally,
she
won
the
prize.
All
her
family
and
friends
were
proud
of
　10 .
When
she
learnt
there
were
many
other
people
like
her
in
China,
she
began
to
learn
Chinese.
She
said
it
was
her
duty
to
tell
them
how
to
be
successful
in
life.
1.　special 　2.　without 　3.　so 　4.　Luckily 　5.　older
6.　encouraged 　7.　speak 　8.　competition 　9.　months
10.　her
一、选词填空
1.(2019河南郑州一模)—How
can
we
build
an
excellent
class
—We
need
a
good
head
teacher
to
　pull
together
all
the
students
and
teachers.
(put
off/pull
out/put
down/pull
together)
2.(2019河南郑州外国语中学一模)Nowadays,the
number
of
the
cars
is
becoming
larger
and
larger.
So
we
must
　pay
attention
to
the
traffic
safety.(look
forward
to/be
willing
to/pay
attention
to/prefer
to)
3.(2019河南郑州外国语中学一模)I
am
greatly
interested
in
this
painting.
Some-
模拟题组
thing
in
it
　expresses
the
painter's
deep
love
for
nature.(expresses/discusses/
expects/imagines)
4.(2019河南郑州外国语中学一模)The
Internet
is
so
closely
connected
with
our
daily
life.
Can
you
　imagine
a
life
without
it (understand/imagine/consider/ex-
pect)
5.(2019河南省实验中学一模)Are
you
kidding
Does
such
a
meal
cost
$50
I
expect
something
far
better
than
this.(cancel/expect/regret/suppose)
6.(2019河南新乡一模)—I
haven't
painted
since
I
was
11.
Now
I
am
thinking
about
　picking
it
　up
again.
—Good
for
you!(giving;up/picking;up/putting;up/cutting;up)
7.(2019河南洛阳一模)Slow
down
and
　compare
your
present
with
your
past,
you
will
find
how
lucky
you
are.(correct/complete/compare/consider)
8.(2019河南洛阳一模)—I
don't
know
how
to　deal
with
the
old
books
in
my
study.
—Why
not
have
a
yard
sale
this
Sunday (hand
in/deal
with/take
up/take
away)
9.(2019河南开封一模)The
report
on
the
wild
animals
　requires
a
lot
of
infor-
mation,so
I'll
go
to
the
library
for
some
magazines
and
books
about
nature
and
wildlife.(receives/requires/records/repairs)
10.(2019河南安阳一模)When
you
feel
like
　giving
up ,
just
try
one
more
time
—do
that
a
little
bit
more.
Encourage
yourself,
rather
than
discouraging
yourself.
(putting
up/showing
up/giving
up/turning
up)
11.(2019河南焦作一模)There
were
so
many
people
in
the
street
that
he
had
to
push
his
way
through
the
crowd.(feel/throw/pull/push)
12.(2019河南焦作一模)When
he
failed
to
pay
his
bill,the
company
　cut
off
his
electricity.(cut
up/cut
off/cut
through/cut
down)
13.(2019河南平顶山一模)Jack
is
always
so
busy
that
he
can
hardly
　spare
a
few
minutes
to
talk
to
his
family.(spend/spare/share/take)
14.(2019河南平顶山一模)—Did
he
　turn
down
your
invitation
—Yes,he
had
an
important
meeting
to
attend
that
day.(turn
down/put
away/look
up/
hand
in)
15.(2019河南许昌一模)Life
is
changing
quickly
and
many
of
the
old
traditions
are
　dying
out .(keeping
up/falling
down/dying
out/giving
up)
16.(2019河南商丘一模)Nick
is
looking
for
another
job
because
he
feels
that
noth-
ing
he
does
　satisfies
his
boss.(serves/promises/supports/satisfies)
17.(2019河大附中一模)When
I
asked
him
why
he
was
late
for
school
again,
the
boy
　made
up
an
excuse.(put
up/picked
up/took
up/made
up)
18.(2019河大附中一模)The
apartments
in
the
city
center
are
always
expensive.
Katie
can't
　afford
one
with
all
her
money.(provide/afford/offer/support)
19.(2019河南中原名校中考第一次大联考)My
friend
Jenny
seems
to
be
able
to
read
my
mind
because
she
always
knows
what
I
really
need.(look/read/guess/
make)
20.(2019河南中原名校中考第二次大联考)The
test
paper
was
rather
difficult.
Time
had
　ran
out
when
he
only
answered
half
of
the
questions.(ran
out/put
out/
given
out/sold
out)
21.(2019河南中原名校中考第二次大联考)—When
do
I
get
to
meet
him
—Tomorrow,if
I
can
　fix it.(expect/hold/search/fix)
22.(2019河南郑州二模)Good
news
never
goes
beyond
the
gate,
but
bad
news
spreads
far
and
wide.(spreads/supports/affects/causes)
23.(2018河南开封一模)Our
school
bus
had
to
　remain
in
front
of
the
super-
market
for
hours
because
of
the
bad
traffic.(remind/remain/realize/require)
24.(2018河南新乡一模)—Many
young
people
usually
offer
their
seats
to
the
old
on
the
bus.
—That's
good.The
old
should
be
　cared
for .(looked
for/listened
to/depended
on/cared
for)
25.(2018河南开封一模)“The
Belt
and
Road”will
help
to
　open
up
markets
for
China
as
well
as
other
countries
along.(put
up/look
up/take
up/open
up)
26.(2018河南安阳一模)—Oh,my
God!I
have
　put
on
five
pounds
after
the
Spring
Festival.
—All
of
the
girls
want
to
lose
weight,but
easier
said
than
done.(given
up/put
on/got
on/grown
up)
27.(2018河南焦作一模)—Thank
you
for
　supporting
the
volunteer
project.
—My
pleasure.(ordering/supporting/supposing/growing)
28.(2018河南郑州二模)Working
with
the
volunteers(志愿者)in
the
community
will
　bring
out
the
best
in
us.(bring
out/work
out/give
out/take
out)
29.(2018河南开封二模)Danny
enjoys
reading
novels
so
much
that
every
day
he
spends
more
than
two
hours
doing
it.(spends/costs/takes/pays)
二、语篇填空
(2020河南中考原创)
阅读短文,根据语篇要求填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。
Fitness-for-All
programs
are
being
carried
out
in
our
country.
Physical
activity
is
good
for
our
health,
　1
most
of
us
do
not
do
enough
of
it.
Take
Li
Hong
for
ex-
ample.
He
is
a
friend
of
mine
and
he
is
in
the
twelfth
grade.
He
spends
most
of
his
time
studying.
Whenever
he
has
some
time
to
relax,
he
will
pick
up
his
smartphone.
He
seldom
goes
out
for
exercise.
Everyone
　2
have
enough
exercise,
I
think.
If
you
are
not
good
at
any
sports
activities,
please
try
walking.
It
is
one
of
the
easi-
est
ways
to
exercise.
Unlike
most
other
forms
of
exercise,
walking
is
free.
You
needn't
pay
　3
it.
Walking
is
also
very
safe,
without
any
danger
of
hurts
or
ac-
cidents.
You
can
easily
　4
some
walking.
You
can
enjoy
yourself
as
you
walk
in
different
places
and
different
seasons.
Walking
right
is
very
important.
Walk
in
the
way
　5
the
heels(脚后跟)
of
your
feet
touch
the
ground
first
and
your
toes
point
forward.
Swing
your
arms
as
you
walk.
Fitness
walking
has
become
popular
these
days.
Let's
go
out
for
exercise
now!
1.　but 　2.　should 　3.　for 　4.　do 　5.　that (共42张PPT)
专题一　名词
考点一　名词词义辨析
考点突破
考点二　名词的数
考点三　名词所有格
考点一　名词词义辨析
考点突破
一、名词的分类
名词即表示人或物名称的词,它分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。具体情况见
下表:
类别
意义
例词
专有名词
表示人、地方、事物、机
构、组织等名称的词
Lucy,China,the
Great
Wall,
the
Great
Hall
of
the
People
普
通
名
词

个体名词
表示个体的人或事物的词
dictionary,pencil,chair,win-
dow,table,book,bike,ball,
dog
集体名词
表示一群人或一些事物的
词
family,police,class,group,
team

物质名词
表示构成各种物体的物质
或材料的词
rice,glass,water,porridge,pa-
per,air,wool,wheat,steel
抽象名词
表示状态、品质、行为、
感情等抽象概念的词
knowledge,danger,health,
love
二、常考名词
在中考中,对于名词的考查多集中在具体语言环境下名词词义的辨析上。综合
分析这几年的中考真题,总结出一些常考的名词。具体如下:
A
activity活动　　address地址　　advertisement广告
advantage优势　　advice建议　　attention注意
athlete运动员
B
balance平衡　　bottom底部　　business商业,生意
　　C
challenge挑战　　　chance机会　　　change变化
collection收集物　　contribution贡献　　choice选择
competition比赛;竞争　　　cause原因　　custom风俗
courage勇气
D
decision决定　
design设计　
difference不同
discussion讨论　　duty责任;义务　　
distance距离
description描述　　director导演;负责人
direction说明;方向
　　E
education教育　
effort努力　　　
energy能量;精力
experiment实验　　
expression表达　　environment环境
excuse借口　　
exhibition展览
experience经验;经历
explanation解释;说明
F
feeling感觉　　fun乐趣
H
habit习惯　　hobby业余爱好　　　　honour荣誉
I
information信息　　　　
interest兴趣
importance重要性　　　　
invention发明
interview面试;访谈　　　　
influence影响(力)
instruction说明;指示　　　　
invitation邀请
M/N
mood心情　　
noise噪音
O
offer提议　　　　　　　
opinion意见,看法
opportunity机会　　
organization机构;组织
P
protection保护　　
praise表扬　　　　patient病人
progress进步　　
problem问题　　
promise承诺
pride骄傲
R
reason理由;原因　　
relation关系
result结果
report报告　　research研究;调查
S
service服务　　
shape形状;外形　　stranger陌生人
sight视力;景象　　
style样式;款式　　support支持
success成功　　
suggestion建议　　sense感觉
T
technology技术　　tourist游客　　
tradition传统
traffic车辆;交通　　trouble困难
V
voice嗓音　　
volunteer志愿者　　visitor游客
value价值
考点二　名词的数
名词的数
在英语中,普通名词按照其所表示的事物性质可分为可数名词与不可数名词。
1.可数名词的单复数
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。可数名词单数变复数的变化如下:
(1)名词复数的规则变化
变化
例词
一般情况下在词尾直接加-s
map→maps　park→parks
以s,x,sh,ch结尾的,在词尾加-es
bus→buses　box→boxes　brush→brushes　watch→watches
部分以f,fe结尾的,把f,fe变成v,再加-es,有些直接在词尾加-s
knife→knives　wife→wives　roof→roofs　belief→beliefs
以辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i,再加-es
family→families　baby→babies
以字母o结尾的,有时加-s,有时加-es
photo→photos　hero→heroes
(2)名词复数的不规则变化
注意:可用下列单词或短语修饰可数名词的复数。如:
some,
(a)few,
a
lot
of,
lots
of,
plenty
of,
many
变化
例词
oo→ee
foot→feet　tooth→teeth　goose→geese
a→e
man→men　woman→women
词尾加-ren
child→children
特殊变化
mouse→mice
不变化
sheep　deer　Japanese　Chinese
2.不可数名词的数量表达
不可数名词表示数量可用a
lot
of,
much,
little,
a
little,
some,
no等修饰。要表示
一定的数量,可借助单位词(piece,
pair,
bowl等)表达。如:
a
cup
of
tea一杯茶　a
piece
of
paper一张纸
a
piece
of
news一则新闻　a
glass
of
water一杯水
three
cups
of
coffee三杯咖啡　five
kilos
of
meat五公斤肉
注意:一些可数名词也可加单位词来表达。如:
a
box
of
matches一盒火柴
four
pounds
of
tomatoes四磅西红柿
3.名词作定语时的单复数
名词作定语时一般用单数形式,但以下情况例外:
(1)用复数作定语。如:
sports
meeting运动会　talks
table谈判桌
(2)man,
woman等作定语时,其单复数形式以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如:
men
workers男工人　women
teachers女教师
(3)“数词+名词”组成复合形容词作定语时,该名词一般用单数形式。如:
a
two-day
holiday一个两天的假期
名词
可数
不可数
名词
可数
不可数
glass
玻璃杯
玻璃
orange
橙子
橙汁
room
房间
空间
fish
鱼
鱼肉
time
次数;倍数
时间
paper
报纸;试卷
纸,纸张
chicken
小鸡
鸡肉
work
作品
工作
experience
经历
经验
life
生命
生活
4.常见的同一名词作可数名词与不可数名词的不同意义见下表:
5.分辨可数名词和不可数名词的口诀
可数不可数好分辨,名词所示物分两半。
如每半不能叫原名,那该词可数最公平。
每半还能把原名叫,不可数名词就遇到。
有的名词是两面堵,意变不可数为可数。
如:bike(自行车),如果把一辆自行车分成两半,每半只能叫自行车的一部分,不能
再叫自行车,所以bike是可数名词。
water(水),如果把一杯水分成两杯装,每杯仍可叫水,因此,water是不可数名词。
orange(橙汁),如果把一瓶橙汁分成两瓶,每瓶还可以叫橙汁,故orange(橙汁)为不
可数名词;但意为“橙子”时,是可数名词。
考点三　名词所有格
1.名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。有两种表示形式:一种是's所有格,另
一种是of所有格。如:
Beijing
is
China's
capital./Beijing
is
the
capital
of
China.
北京是中国的首都。
2.用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系,这时只在最后一个名词后加-
's。如:
This
is
Mary
and
her
sister's
bedroom.
这是玛丽和她姐姐的卧室。
Lily
and
Lucy's
mother
is
a
nurse.
莉莉和露西的妈妈是位护士。
用and连接两个并列名词,表示分别拥有各自的物品时,两个名词都在词尾加-'s
表示所有关系。如:
These
are
Tom's
and
Mary's
bags.
这些是汤姆和玛丽的包。
Wei
Hua's
and
John's
licenses
are
missing.
魏华和约翰的许可证都丢了。
3.以-s结尾的名词,在s后加“'”;不以-s结尾的词,在词尾加-'s。如:
Children's
Day儿童节 Teachers'
Day教师节
4.of所有格常用来表示无生命的东西。如:
the
door
of
the
room房间的门
5.双重所有格有两种形式:①of+名词所有格;②of+名词性物主代词。如:
He
is
a
friend
of
my
brother's.
他是我哥哥的一个朋友。
Is
she
a
daughter
of
yours
她是你的女儿吗
6.表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时,常在名词后加上-’s代表全称。如:
at
the
doctor's在诊所
7.一些具有名词性质的复合不定代词,如someone,everybody等和else连用时,-'s
应加在else后。如:
somebody
else's
pencil别人的铅笔
8.表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词,也可以在词尾加“-
's”或“'”来构成所有格。如:
(1)用于时间
an
hour's
ride
骑车一小时的路程
two
weeks'
time
两个星期的时间
(2)用于度量
thirteen
tons'
weight
13吨的重量
five
hundred
metres'
distance
五百米的距离
(3)用于价值
a
hundred
yuan's
order一百元的订货单
a
hundred
pounds'
note一百英镑的钞票
(4)用于天体
the
earth's
satellite地球卫星
(5)用于国家
Belgium's
capital
比利时的首都
(6)用于城市
the
Ural's
industry
乌拉尔的工业
Changchun's
agriculture
长春的农业
9.双重所有格与of所有格的区别。如:
He
is
a
friend
of
your
father's.
他是你父亲的一个朋友。(强调你父亲的朋友不止一个)
He
is
a
friend
of
your
father.
他是你父亲的朋友。(强调他对你父亲的友好)
一、选词填空
1.(2019河南)For
his
son's
birthday,
Steven
is
taking
him
to
the
new
movie
as
a
treat .(task/treat/choice/visit)
2.(2019天津)The
　purpose
of
this
activity
is
to
raise
money
for
a
new
hospital.
(silence/purpose/culture/language)
3.(2019江苏南京)—Tomorrow
is
Mum's
birthday.
Let's
buy
some
flowers
for
her.
—OK.
I
know
she
likes
　roses
best.(dresses/rings/handbags/roses)
中考题组
4.(2019重庆)One
　page
of
the
book
is
missing,
so
I
can't
learn
the
whole
story.
(copy/page/writer/reader)
5.(2019山西)To
keep
our
city
beautiful,
the
　cleaners
are
always
very
busy
in
the
streets.
We
shouldn't
throw
rubbish
everywhere.(policemen/cleaners/drivers)
6.(2019湖北武汉)—Dad,what
is
the
loudspeaker
saying
—It
is
to
the
　passengers .
The
flight
to
Wuhan
is
boarding
now.(customers/pas-
sengers/members/tourists)
7.(2019江西)My
daughter
helps
me
cook,
but
she
isn't
old
enough
to
be
left
alone
in
the
　kitchen .(bedroom/classroom/lab/kitchen)
8.(2019福建)—What
should
we
do
for
the
camping
trip
—We'd
better
make
a
　list
of
things
like
foods,
drinks,
medicine
and
so
on.(list
/card/report)
9.(2019安徽)You
can
see
the
　pride
in
our
faces
when
we
talk
about
the
great
achievements
in
the
past
70
years.(doubt/pride/regret/ability)
10.(2019河北)I
like
this
song.
It's
by
one
of
my
favorite
　singers .(singers/
dancers/painters/writers)
11.(2019四川成都)—Sally's
favorite
　color
is
orange.
—I
see.
That's
why
all
her
sweaters
are
orange.(fruit/color/juice)
12.(2019山东青岛)—Lucy,
how
about
going
to
the
　library
—Sounds
great!
Reading
books
can
give
us
much
pleasure.(library/cinema/museum
/concert)
13.(2019浙江温州)—Sir,
did
you
enjoy
your
stay
in
our
　hotel
—Yes,
I
slept
well
and
I
like
the
breakfast.(hotel/school/factory/company)
14.(2019黑龙江哈尔滨)Tim
got
four
　toys
from
his
relatives
on
Children's
Day.(toy/toys/toies)
15.(2019甘肃天水)After
playing
football
for
more
than
half
an
hour,
the
students
took
　a
few
minutes'
rest.(a
few
minute's/a
little
minute's/a
few
minutes'/a
little
minutes')
16.(2019江苏苏州)—Keep
quiet,
son!I
need
complete
　silence
when
I'm
working.
—Sorry,
Dad.
I
won't
make
any
noise
again.(trust/silence/control/strength)
17.(2018河南)—It's
useless
to
regret
what
has
been
done.
Don't
make
those
mis-
takes
again.
—I
won't.
That's
a(n)
　promise .(order/decision/promise/agreement)
18.(2018天津)Her
smile
made
me
feel
warm
and
lively.
It
was
like
a
hidden
　treasure .(competition/interview/treasure/tradition)
19.(2018江苏南京)—Do
you
have
this
T-shirt
in
a
small
　size
—I'm
afraid
not.
It
only
comes
in
medium.(size/colour/material/taste)
20.(2018河北)Did
you
hear
the
　news A
scientist
will
visit
our
school.(advice/
news/praise/choice)
21.(2018广东)The
three
　rooms
upstairs
are
too
small
to
have
enough
　room
for
a
double
bed.(room;room/room;rooms/rooms;room/rooms;rooms)
22.(2018湖北武汉)—Kate,
I'm
going
shopping.
Anything
to
buy
for
you
—Yes,
that
will
save
me
a
　trip .(hand/trip/visit/bill)
23.(2018重庆)—I
have
a
bad
cold.
—Sorry
to
hear
that.
You'd
better
go
to
see
a
　doctor
at
once.
(doctor/cook/writer/farmer)
24.(2018安徽)—What
is
the
　secret
of
your
excellent
spoken
English
—Practice
makes
perfect!(result/influence/duty/secret)
25.(2017河南)If
you
fight
hard,
know
who
you
are,
and
are
proud
of
who
you
are,
you've
got
a
good
　chance
of
winning.(choice/chance/decision/direction)
二、语篇填空
(2020河南中考预测)
阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完
整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。
he　write　excellent　one　get　die　as　year　later　until
The
life
of
Mao
Dun
This
year
marks
the
120th
anniversary
of
Mao
Dun's
birth.
He
is
one
of
the
most
famous
novelists
of
modern
China.
Mao
Dun
was
born
in
1896.
He
began
his
career
as
a　1 in
1916.In
1920,he
trans-
lated
The
Constitution
of
the
Communist
Party
of
the
Soviet
Union
into
Chinese.
One
year　2 ,in
Shanghai,Mao
Dun
became
the　3 writer
to
join
the
Commu-
nist
Party
of
China.
He
was
China's
first
minister
of
culture
and
was
elected
chair-
man
of
the
Chinese
Writers
Association(中国作家协会)in
1978.
On
March
27,198
1,he　4 of
illness
in
Beijing.
During
the
period
from
1974　5 his
death,
Mao
Dun
lived
in
Beijing
and
finished
writing
his
reminiscences(回忆录).
During
the
last
year
of
his
life,
Mao
Dun
had
difficulty　6 around
and
did
most
of
his
reading
and
writing
in
his
bedroom.
A
single
bed,
a
pillow,
a
sheet
and
a
quilt
remain
positioned　7 they
were
before
his
death.
Some
books
that
he
often
read
during
his
last　8 are
piled
on
a
bedside
table.
Mao
kept
pens
and
paper
beside
him
at
night
so
that
he
could
write
down　9 thoughts
as
he
woke
up
at
midnight
for
reading.
On
his
deathbed,
he
donated
royalties(版税)of
250,000
yuan
to
the
Chinese
Writers
Association
as
a
fund
to
establish
the
Mao
Dun
Literature
Awards
(茅盾文学奖)as
a
way
to
encourage
　10 Chinese
novelists.
1.　writer 　2.　later 　3.　first 　4.　died 　5.　until
6.　getting 　7.　as 　8.　year 　9.　his 　10.　excellent
一、选词填空
1.(2019河南郑州外国语中学一模)Jennifer
takes
a
lot
of
exercise
every
day
and
she
is
always
full
of
　energy .(knowledge/energy/change/courage)
2.(2019河南新乡一模)—It
sounds
like
a
good
idea.But
who
is
going
to
give
the
speech
—I
think
Emily
is
the
best
　choice .(plan/goal/chance/choice)
3.(2019河南洛阳一模)I
do
believe
friendship
requires　trust ,
or
it
will
break
easily.(trust/trouble/solution/suggestion)
模拟题组
4.(2019河南开封一模)—Did
you
go
to
the　concert
last
night
—Yes.
The
music
fans
screamed
and
cheered
when
Avril
Lavigne
appeared
on
the
stage.(museum/cinema/concert/library)
5.(2019河南安阳一模)There's
a
huge
　difference between
thinking
about
something
and
actually
doing
it.
Try
to
choose
properly.(development/decision/dis-
covery/difference)
6.(2019河南焦作一模)His
　excuse for
being
late
was
that
he
had
missed
the
train,
but
it
was
not
true.(introduction/explanation/reason/excuse)
7.(2019河南平顶山一模)—Mom,
I
have
tried
it
many
times
but
still
didn't
suc-
ceed.
I
really
want
to
give
up.
—My
dear
son,
I
believe
that
as
long
as
you
have
a
strong
　will ,
your
dream
will
come
true
one
day.(wish/will/feeling/order)
8.(2019河南许昌一模)National
Treasure
quickly
rose
to
the
top
television
rating
ranks(收视率)after
it
was
played
on
CCTV.
It
means
a
growing　interest in
tradi-
tional
culture
among
China's
young
people.(interest/introduction/direction/habit)
9.(2019河南商丘一模)He
and
his
wife
are
of
the
same
　mind .
They
both
want
their
son
to
go
to
college.(heart/spirit/mind/direction)
10.(2019河大附中一模)—What
a
great
　decision
you've
made!
—Yes,
I
avoided
an
accident
by
changing
the
direction.(agreement/decision/instruc-
tion/mistake)
11.(2019河南中原名校中考第一次大联考)—How
can
I
learn
English
well
—You
can
try
to
remember
some
new
words
every
day.
And
listening
to
tapes
is
also
a
good
　choice .(choice/suggestion/message/advantage)
12.(2019河南中原名校中考第二次大联考)Friends
can
have
a
great
　influence
on
teenagers,
so
try
to
stay
away
from
those
friends
with
bad
habits.(time/differ-
ence/influence/discussion)
13.(2019河南百校联盟大联考)—How
far
is
it
from
Chongqing
to
Guiyang
—It's
about
two
　hours' ride
by
high-speed
train.(hour/hour's/hours/hours')
14.(2019河南郑州二模)My
father's
old
car
needs
too
much
　attention ,
so
he
is
going
to
sell
it.
(information/attention/condition/pollution)
15.(2019河南新乡二模)The
　gesture is
a
movement
of
part
of
your
body,
espe-
cially
your
hands,to
show
what
you
mean.(method/gesture/expression/measure)
16.(2019河南平顶山二模)—It's
fine
today,Linda.How
about
going
for
a
run
—Sorry.
This
is
not
the
right
　moment to
invite
me.
I
have
to
do
my
homework.
(moment/situation/place/chance)
17.(2018河南开封一模)—How
do
the
British
people
usually
start
a(n)
　conversation —They
start
it
with
subjects
like
weather
or
holiday.
(conversation/discussion/introduction/instruction)
18.(2018河南新乡一模)Meeting
the
　standard of
a
strict
teacher
may
be
hard,
but
if
you
have
got
used
to
it,you
will
find
how
much
you
are
improving.(agree-
ment/standard/ability/experience)
19.(2018河南安阳一模)—David
made
up
a
silly
excuse
for
his
　absence
from
the
meeting
again.
—He
always
talks
a
lot
and
does
little.(silence/absence/courage/position)
20.(2018河南许昌一模)A
good
way
to
break
the
　habit
of
eating
too
quickly
is
to
put
your
knife
and
fork
down
after
each
mouthful.(tradition/use/habit/custom)
21.(2018河南焦作一模)Mario
got
a
job
in
my
company
because
of
his
　experience
as
an
engineer.(relation/energy/friendship/experience)
22.(2018河南平顶山一模)—Could
you
read
the
French
　instruction on
the
medicine
bottle
for
me
—Sure,
let
me
try.(meaning/picture/instruction/document)
23.(2018河南郑州一模)Being
good
at
reading
　expressions
on
people's
faces,
Bob
gets
on
well
with
his
workmates.(attention/expressions/suggestions/direction)
24.(2018河南洛阳二模)—Everyone
knows
that
knowledge
is
the
most
valuable
treasure
for
human
beings.
—Yes.As
a
student,we
should
study
hard.(standard/treasure/invention/instruction)
二、语篇填空
(2020河南中考原创)
阅读短文,根据语篇要求填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。
After
finishing
their
shopping
at
the
mall,
a
couple
discovered
that
their
new
car
was
stolen.
They
were
very
worried.
　1
they
called
the
police
at
once.
But
the
next
day,
to
　2
surprise,
the
car
was
returned.
There
was
a
note
in
it
that
said:“I'm
sorry
for
it
but
my
wife
　3
having
a
baby
and
I
had
to
send
her
to
the
hospital.
Please
forget
the
trouble
that
I
brought.
There
are
two
tickets
to
tonight
's
concert.”
The
couple
chose
to
forgive
the
thief.
They
attended
the
concert.
But
　4
they
re-
turned
home,
they
found
that
their
house
had
been
ransacked(洗劫).
On
the
bath-
room
mirror,
there
was
another
note
that
read:“I
have
to
pay
　5 my
kids'
fu-
ture
education,
sorry
again!”
1.　So 　2.　their 　3.　was 　4.　when 　5.　for (共36张PPT)
专题二　代词
考点一　人称代词与物主代词
考点突破
考点二　反身代词、指示代词、替代词及it
考点三　不定代词
考点一　人称代词与物主代词
考点突破
人称代词及物主代词的构成及用法
人称代词不仅指人,也可指物,有人称、数和格的变化。物主代词是人称代词的
属格形式,表示“所有”关系,有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。
数人称词义类型
单数
复数
一
二
三
一
二
三
我
你
她/他/它
我们
你们
他们/她
们/它们
主格
I
you
she;he;it
we
you
they
宾格
me
you
her;him;it
us
you
them
一、人称代词
二、物主代词
注意:1.几个人称代词并列充当主语时,它们的顺序是:
单数:“二、三、一”即you,
he/she
and
I
复数:“一、二、三”即we,
you
and
they
数人称词义类
型
单数
复数
一
二
三
一
二
三
我的
你的
他的
她的
它的
我们的
你们的
他/她/
它们的
形容词性
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
名词性
mine
yours
his
hers
/
ours
yours
theirs
2.形容词性物主代词通常放在名词前作定语。如:
my
pen
pal我的笔友　her
name她的名字
3.名词性物主代词常用来避免前面已经提及的名词,相当于“形容词性物主代
词+名词”。常和of连用作定语。如:
This
book
is
mine.
Yours(Your
book)
is
on
your
desk.
这本书是我的。你的(书)在你的桌子上。
Judy
is
a
friend
of
mine.Judy是我的一个朋友。
考点二　反身代词、指示代词、替代词及it
一、反身代词
反身代词是表示“我(们)自己”、“你(们)自己”、“他/她/它(们)自己”的代词。
注意:反身代词和其他词连用,构成固定词组。如:
enjoy
oneself过得愉快;玩得高兴
by
oneself独自
反身代词
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
myself
yourself
himself/herself/itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
help
oneself
to...随便吃/用……
dress
oneself某人自己穿衣服
come
to
oneself苏醒
hurt
oneself受伤
teach
oneself/learn
by
oneself自学
单数
this
that
复数
these
those
二、指示代词
注意:1.this/these指代下文要提到的事,that/those指上文提到过的事。如:
Please
remember
this:Where
there
is
a
will,
there
is
a
way.请记住:有志者,事竟
成。
He
was
busy.
That
was
why
he
didn't
go
out
for
a
walk
with
us.
他很忙。那就是他没有和我们一起去散步的原因。
2.打电话时用this指代自己,用that指代对方。如:
This
is
Nancy
speaking.
Who's
that
我是Nancy,你是谁
三、it,one/ones,
that/those作替代词时的区别
1.it特指上文提到的同一对象,是同一事物。如:
I
have
a
new
schoolbag.
It's
very
nice.
我有一个新书包。它很漂亮。
2.one泛指上文提及的同类事物中的一个(表示几个时用ones),同类而不同物。
如:
—Who
has
a
dictionary 谁有词典
—I
have
one.我有一本。
3.that常用于比较结构中,代替前面提到的可数名词单数或不可数名词,以避免
重复;若前面提到的可数名词为复数,则用those代替。如:
The
weather
in
Beijing
is
colder
than
that
in
Guangzhou
in
winter.冬天北京的天气
比广州的天气冷。
四、it的特殊用法:
1.it作形式主语,常用于以下句型:
It'+adj.(+for/of
sb.)+to
do
sth.(对某人来说)做某事是……的。
It's+adj.+that从句　某事是……的。
2.it作形式宾语。如:
I
find
it
boring
at
home.我发现在家里很无聊。
考点三　不定代词
一、普通的不定代词
不定代词是不明确代指某个人、某个事物、某些人、某些事物的代词,它们起
名词或形容词的作用。常考的易混不定代词有很多,常见的有如下几组:
many
修饰可数名词,表示“许多;大量”
much
修饰不可数名词,表示“许多;大量”
a
lot
of/lots
of
既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词
some
既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词;多用在肯定句中;还可以用在表示邀请、请求或期待得到肯定回答的疑问句中
any
既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词;any多用在否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中
few
修饰可数名词,表否定意义,意为“不多,很少”
a
few
修饰可数名词,表肯定意义,意为“几个;有些”
little
修饰不可数名词,表否定意义,意为“几乎没有”
a
little
修饰不可数名词,表肯定意义,意为“少量;一些”
1.表示数量的词或短语
注意:some,
any,
few,
little,
both,
neither等既可作代词,也可作限定词修饰名
词。如:
—You
must
be
thirsty.
Can
I
get
you
some
tea 你一定渴了。我给你倒点茶水吧
—Just
a
little
please.请给我一点点。
2.either,neither,both,all,none
either
表示“两者中的任何一个”,可以和or搭配
neither
表示“两者都不”,可以和nor搭配
both
表示“两者都”,可以和and搭配
all
表示“都”,适用于三者或三者以上的人或物
none
表示“都不”,适用于三者或三者以上的人或物
3.every(作限定词),each
侧重点
each强调个体;every强调整体。两者都和可数名词的单数搭配。each和“every+名词”作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式
适用范围
each适用于两个或两个以上的人或物;every适用于三个或三个以上的人或物
不定代词
意义
用法说明
other
另外的
只作定语,常与复数名词连用;但如果前面有the,this,that,some,any,each,every,no,one,my,your,his等时,则可与单数名词连用
the
other
两者中的另一个
常与one连用,构成“one...the
other...”;作定语修饰复数名词时,表示“其余的全部”
others
另一些
泛指别的人或物(但不是全部),不能作定语,构成“some...others...”
the
others
其余的
特指其余的人或物
another
另一个
指三者或三者以上中的任何一个,用作限定词或代词
4.other,the
other,others,the
others,another
二、复合不定代词
1.初中阶段常用复合不定代词列表如下:
2.在反意疑问句中,当陈述部分的主语是指人的复合不定代词,如
everybody,no-
body,anyone等时,反意疑问部分的主语通常用代词
they;当陈述部分的主语是指
物的复合不定代词,如
everything,anything,something,nothing等时,反意疑问部分
somebody
(某人)
anybody
(随便哪个人/任何人)
nobody
(没有人)
everybody
(每人)
someone
(某人)
anyone
(随便哪个人/任何人)
no
one
(没有人)
everyone
(每人)
something
(某事)
anything
(随便什么事/任何事)
nothing
(没有东西)
everything
(每一件事)
的主语通常用代词
it。如:
Everybody
is
here,aren't
they 大家都在这里,不是吗
Everything
is
ready,isn't
it
所有东西都准备好了,不是吗
3.当形容词或
else修饰复合不定代词
something,everything,everyone
等时,形容
词或
else常放在这些词的后面。如:
He
has
something
important
to
tell
you.
他有一些重要的事情要告诉你。
Can
you
find
anyone
else
你能找到其他人吗
4.everyone的意思等同于everybody,只能指人;every
one
既可指人也可指物,还可
以和of连用。如:
I'd
like
everyone
to
be
happy.
我希望人人都幸福。
I
have
kept
every
one
of
her
letters.
我已经把她的每一封信都保存了下来。
考点四　疑问代词
代词
意义
基本用法
例句
who
谁
在句中作主语或宾语
Who
is
that
girl 那个女孩是谁
whom
谁
在句中作宾语
With
whom
did
you
go
swimming 你和谁去游泳的
whose
谁的
对物主代词进行提问
Whose
pen
is
this 这是谁的钢笔
what
什么
对具体内容进行提问
What
do
you
know
about
it 关于它,你了解些什么
which
哪个
对指定范围内的“哪个”进行提问
Which
movie
do
you
like
best 你最喜欢哪部电影
一、单句填空
1.(2019河南)When
times
are
difficult,
tell
yourself (you)
that
pain
is
part
of
growing.
2.(2019北京)Mr.
Wang
is
coming
to
our
school.
I
can't
wait
to
see
him (he).
3.(2019江苏南京)Last
month
the
students
in
Changjiang
Road
Primary
School
held
the
“Ten
Years
of
Growth
Ceremony”
to
celebrate
their (they)
10th
birthday
together.
4.(2019重庆)Their
plants
don't
grow
very
well,
but
ours (we)
look
really
good.
中考题组
5.(2019山西)—New
kinds
of
morning
exercises
like
dancing
are
becoming
popu-
lar.
— They (them)can
help
us
keep
fit
and
have
fun.
6.(2019湖北武汉)—This
room
is
too
small.
I'd
like
to
ask
for
another .
—Sure.
We
have
rooms
available
here.
7.(2019广东)Nobody
taught
the
old
lady
how
to
use
WeChat.
She
learned
it
all
by
herself (she).
8.(2019福建)Almost
everyone
in
our
group
has
been
to
the
2nd
Digital
China
Summit.
It's
fantastic.
9.(2019安徽)Could
you
stay
a
little
longer
I
have
something
more
to
tell
you
about
the
plan
for
tomorrow.
10.(2019黑龙江哈尔滨)Learning
is
a
life
long
journey
because
we
can
learn
something
new
every
day.
11.(2019江苏苏州)—Hello,
are
you
Mr.
Morrison
—Yes.
That's
me (I).
12.(2019河北)—My
ruler
is
broken.
Can
I
borrow yours (you)
—Of
course.
Here
it
is.
13.(2019四川成都)—Uncle
Lee,
may
I
use
your
bike
—Sorry,
mine
is
broken.
You
can
ask
your
aunt
for
hers (she).
14.(2019湖南长沙)—So
sorry,
I
took
your
school
T-shirt
by
mistake.
But
where
is
mine (I)
—Don't
worry.
Let
me
help
you
find
it.
15.(2019广西南宁)Look!
The
woman
over
there
is
our
teacher.
She
teaches
us
(we)
English.
16.(2019内蒙古呼和浩特)—May
I
help
you
with
some
jeans,
sir
—Yes,
I'd
like
to
try
on
those
blue
ones .
17.(2019浙江温州)Sam
finds
sweeping
robots
useful,
and
he
plans
to
buy
one
for
his
grandma.
18.(2018河南)As
a
child,
I
would
sit
for
hours
by
the
river
doing
nothing —
simply
daydreaming.
19.(2018北京)My
brother
and
I
like
football.
We (us)
play
it
together
once
a
week.
20.(2018天津)—She
is
too
busy
to
help
us
finish
the
work.
—Let's
do
it
ourselves (we).
21.(2018上海)My
father
is
a
good
doctor.
He (him)works
hard
to
help
his
pa-
tients.
22.(2018广东)Boxing
Day,
the
26th
of
December,
got
its (it)
name
from
a
time
when
many
rich
families
gave
boxes
of
gifts
to
poor
people
who
had
to
work
at
Christmas.
23.(2018湖北武汉)—Do
you
know
where
the
last
two
pictures
went
—A
millionaire
bought
both
of
them.
He
thought
they
were
worth.
24.(2018福建)—I
tried
many
ways
to
solve
the
problem,
but
none of
them
worked.
—Never
give
up.
You'll
surely
make
it.
25.(2018吉林)—Which
club
do
you
want
to
join,
the
chess
club
or
the
swimming
club
— Neither .
I
want
to
join
the
basketball
club.
26.(2017河南)His
name
is
James,
but
he
usually
calls himself (he)Jim.
二、语篇填空
(2020河南中考预测)
阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完
整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。
they　dangerous　when　tell　move
brave　face　say　like　large
One
day,two
men
went
along
a
lonely
road
and
talked
of
what
they
would
do
if
a
bear
or
wolves
attacked(进攻)　1 .“Don't
fear,”　2 the
larger
one,“I
can
protect
you
and
me,too,so
there
will
be
no　3 .There
is
nothing
in
the
forest
for
any
man
to
fear,except
a
hungry
bear,and
I'd
like
to
meet
the
bear
that
could
be
a
match
for
me.”
Just
at
that
time,a
huge
bear
appeared
on
the
road
and　4 towards
the
two
men.
The
two
men
ran
for
a
tree.The
one
who
spoke
so　5 reached
it
first
and
climbed
to
safety.The
smaller
man,being
left
to　6
the
bear
alone,threw
himself
on
the
ground
and
lay
as
if
he
was
dead.
　7 the
bear
came
up,he
smelt
the
man
on
the
ground
and
went
away.Then
the　8 man
came
down
from
the
tree
and
said,
“What
did
the
bear
say
in
your
ear You
seemed　9 old
friends.”
“Oh,”the
other
answered,“He　10 me
never
to
trust
a
person
who
talks
big.”
1. them 　2. said 　3. danger 　4. moved 　5. bravely
6. face 　7. When 　8. larger 　9. like 　10. told
一、单句填空
1.(2019河南新乡一模)Old
Mr.Black
lives
happily
with
his
three
dogs. All
of
them
are
part
of
his
family.
2.(2019河南洛阳一模)If
you
want
to
see
me
or
talk
to
me
or
anything ,
just
stop
in.
3.(2019河南安阳一模)We
can't
leave
Iris
by
herself (she).
She
is
afraid
of
her
own
shadow.
4.(2019河南焦作一模)—The
book
12
Rules
for
Life
is
very
interesting!
模拟题组
—Yes.
One
of
the
rules
is“Compare
yourself
to
who
you
were
yesterday,not
to
who
someone else
is
today.”
5.(2019河南许昌一模)Mr.
Strange
named
his
pet
dog“Cat”.
He
wanted
to
know
if
Cat
doubted
itself (it)
when
it
was
called.
6.(2019河南中原名校中考第一次大联考)Lily
sings
very
well.
In
fact,
I
don't
think
anyone
can
sing
better
in
my
class.
7.(2019河南中原名校中考第二次大联考)—Which
of
the
two
scarves
would
you
like
— Neither .I
don't
like
their
styles.
8.(2019河南百校联盟大联考)—Do
you
have
any
interesting
news
to
tell
us
today,
Rose
—No,
nothing much.
9.(2019河南郑州二模)—I
have
to
go
to
Wanda
Plaza
to
buy
a
new
football.
—Why
not
book
one on
your
mobile You'll
get
it
in
an
hour.
10.(2019河南省实验中学二模)She
lost
herself
in
doing
her
homework
so
that
she
didn't
hear somebody knocking
at
the
door
at
all.
11.(2018河南开封一模)—Mum,
I'll
take
exams
after
May
Day.
I'm
a
bit
stressed.
—Believe
in
yourself (you).
I
think
you
will
make
it.
12.(2018河南许昌一模)We
don't
have
enough
books
for
everybody ;some
people
will
have
to
share.
13.(2018河南商丘一模)—Susan,go
and
join
your
sister
cleaning
the
yard.
—Why
me (I) John
is
sitting
there
doing
nothing.
14.(2018河南洛阳二模)—A
latest
Luoyang
Daily,please.
—Only
one
copy
left.Would
you
like
to
have
it ,
sir
15.(2018河南郑州一模)—Have
you
got
all
your
textbooks
—Don't
worry,
Mom.
None
is
left.
They
are
all
in
my
schoolbag.
16.(2018河南商丘二模)—I
hear
the
“New
Learner's
Dictionary”
is
very
useful.
I
want
to
buy
one .
—Me,too.
I
also
need
one
to
help
with
my
English
study.
17.(2017河南开封一模)Plenty
of
useful
suggestions
were
given
and
we
used
some
in
the
building
design.
二、语篇填空
(2020河南中考原创)
阅读短文,根据语篇要求填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。
Hello,
everyone!I'm
pleased
to
share
some
writing
tips
with
you.
How
do
you
write
in
English
Some
people
find
it
difficult,
so
they
give
　1 .
First,
you
have
to
be
ready
to
face
criticism(批评).
In
fact,
you
will
never
truly
learn
how
to
write
　2
you
allow
your
writing
to
be
criticized.
helpful
criticism
makes
you
realize
what
skills
you
need.
Second,
don't
write
without
a
plan.
Always
follow
grammatical
rules
and
make
a
structure
for
　3
article,
as
if
you
are
building
a
house.
　4
good
plan
may
make
your
article
be
in
good
order.
Finally,
accurate(准确的)word
usage
and
well-constructed(结构合理的)sentences
　5
always
make
your
writing
more
attractive.
So
carefully
choose
the
words
that
fit
your
article.
1. up 　2. unless 　3. your 　4. A 　5. will (共35张PPT)
专题七　副词
考点一　副词的用法及词义辨析
考点突破
考点二　副词的比较等级
考点一　副词的用法及词义辨析
考点突破
一、副词的分类
1.时间副词
时间副词有now,then,today,tomorrow,yesterday,before,ago,soon,immediately,late-
ly,early,already,yet等。时间副词是确定句子时态的重要标志,所以一定要牢固
掌握不同时态的时间标志。
2.地点副词
地点副词有outside,inside,upstairs,here,there,home,near,away,in,back,off,up,any-
where等。地点副词和动词连用时不加介词。
3.方式副词
方式副词有quickly,happily,loudly,suddenly,luckily,badly,easily,fast等。方式副词
大多由“形容词+ly”构成。
4.程度副词
程度副词有very,quite,rather,too,much,so等。有些程度副词可以修饰形容词原
级,有些能修饰形容词比较级。
5.频度副词
频度副词有sometimes,often,always,usually,never等。频度副词通常和一般现在
时连用,表示动作发生的频率。
6.疑问副词(或疑问副词词组)
疑问副词(或疑问副词词组)有when,where,why,how,how
long,how
soon,how
of-
ten,how
far
等。疑问副词(或疑问副词词组)常用来构成特殊疑问句。
7.关系副词
关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词常用来引导从句。
二、副词的用法
1.作状语　如:
He
works
hard.(修饰动词)他努力工作。
He
parked
the
car
very
easily.(修饰副词)
他很容易地把汽车停好了。
Unfortunately,he
was
out.(修饰整个句子)
很遗憾,他出去了。
2.作表语
作表语的副词多数是表示位置或状态的,如in,out,on,down,up,off,away,upstairs。
如:
He
is
in.他在家。
What's
on
this
evening 今晚演什么节目
I
must
be
off
now.我现在必须走了。
3.作宾语补足语　如:
Let
them
in.让他们进来。
We
saw
her
off
two
days
ago.两天前我们为她送行。
三、副词的位置
1.地点副词、时间副词和方式副词一般放在句末
注意:地点副词作定语时要后置,不属于这种情况。
I'll
meet
him
at
the
station
tomorrow.(时间副词)
明天我将去车站接他。
Tomorrow
I'll
meet
him
at
the
station.(注意:有时为了强调时间,可把时间副词放
在句首。)
The
boy
wrote
his
homework
quickly.(方式副词)
这个男孩写作业很快。
The
students
all
worked
well
here
last
week.(地点副词)
这些学生上周在这里都做得很好。
2.频度副词在句中的位置有以下两种情况
①在be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后。
She
is
always
kind
to
us.她对我们总是很好。
The
work
has
never
been
done.这项工作永远也做不完。
②在实义动词之前。
He
often
goes
to
school
early.他常常很早就去上学。
3.程度副词在句中的位置有下列两种情况
①修饰动词时,它在句中的位置与频度副词的两种情况相似。
He
is
almost
forty
years
old.
他差不多40岁了。
注意:如果句末同时有几个副词,它们的基本顺序是:方式副词+地点副词+时间
副词。
We
are
going
to
travel
globally
very
soon.
我们很快就要进行环球旅行。
②修饰形容词、副词时,放在它所修饰的词的前面。
He
studies
much
harder
now.
现在他学习努力多了。
He
runs
fast
enough.
他跑得够快。
注意:enough作副词修饰形容词或副词时,应放在所修饰词的后面。但作为形容
词修饰名词时,常放在名词的前面。如:
This
fruit
isn‘t
sweet
enough.这种水果不够甜。
I
don't
have
enough
money
to
buy
this
skirt.
我没有足够的钱买这条裙子。
四、副词词义辨析
1.how
long,how
soon,how
often,how
far
由how引导的短语
用法
例句
how
long
意为“多久,多长时间”,对一个持续的时间段
提问,常用“for+时间段”和“since+时间点”
回答
—How
long
have
you
been
in
China
—For
three
months.
——你来中国有多久了
——有三个月了。
how
soon
意为“多快,多久以后”,对一个短暂性动作提
问,用于一般将来时的句子中,常用“in+时间
段”回答
—How
soon
will
he
come
back
—In
five
minutes.
——他多久才能回来
——五分钟后。
how
often
意为“多长时间一次”,对频率提问,常用
“once,twice,three
times
a
week”等回答
—How
often
do
you
visit
your
grandparents
—Once
a
week.
——你多久去看望你的祖父母一次
——一周一次。
how
far
意为“多远”,对距离提问
—How
far
is
it
from
your
home
to
your
school
—About
two
kilometers.
——你家离学校有多远
——大约两千米。
2.hard和hardly
3.much
too和too
much
拼写相似的单词
用法
例句
hard
意为“努力地;大量地;猛烈地”
We
should
study
hard.我们应该努力学习。
hardly
意为“几乎不”,是否定副词
I
can
hardly
catch
up
with
you.Can
you
walk
slowly 我几乎赶不上你了,你能走慢一点吗
近似短语
用法
例句
much
too
意为“非常,极其,太”,much和too都是副词,much
修饰too,用于加强语气,中心词是too,much
too修饰形容词或副词原级
The
skirt
is
much
too
dear.这条裙子太贵了。
too
much
意为“太多”,中心词是much,too修饰much,too
much修饰不可数名词,与too
many相对,too
many修饰可数名词
Please
don‘t
eat
too
much
ice
cream.It's
bad
for
your
health.请不要吃太多冰激凌,那对你的健康有害。
4.too,as
well,also,either
四个“也”
用法
例句
too
多用于口语,一般放在句末,用逗号隔开
He
went
there,too.他也去那里了。
as
well
多用于口语,一般放在句末
I
like
you
as
well.我也喜欢你。
also
多用于书面语,一般放在句中与动词连用
I
also
went
there.我也去那里了。
either
用于否定句,往往放在句末
He
didn't
go
there,either.他也没有去那里。
近义词
用法
例句
too
意为“太,很”,用于“too...to...”结构,表示否定意义“太……而不能……”
The
man
is
too
old
to
look
after
himself.这个人年纪太大了,不能照顾自己。
enough
意为“足够”,用于“形容词/副词原级+enough
to...”结构,表示“足够……能……”
The
boy
runs
fast
enough
to
win
the
game.这个男孩跑得足够快,能赢得这次比赛。
so
意为“如此”,用于“so...that...”结构,表示“如此……以至于……”
The
camera
is
so
expensive
that
I
can't
afford
it.这个照相机太贵了,我买不起。
5.too,enough,so
6.already,yet,still
近义词
用法
例句
already
表示某事已经发生,主要用于肯定句
We've
already
watched
that
film.我们已经看过
那部电影了。
yet
表示期待某事发生,主要用于否定句和疑问句
I
haven't
finished
my
homework
yet.我还没有
完成我的家庭作业。
still
表示某事还在进行,主要用于肯定句和疑问句,
有时也可用于否定句
He
still
works
hard
late
every
night.他仍然每天
晚上努力工作到很晚。
副词
用法
例句
ago
表示以现在为起点的“以前”,和表示时间概念的词组搭配使用,常用于一般过去时的句子中
The
meeting
began
five
minutes
ago.会议五分钟前开始的。
before
指以过去或将来的某一时刻为基准的“以前”,也可泛指以前,常用于现在完成时、过去完成时和一般过去时的句子中
I
have
never
been
to
Suzhou
before.我以前从未去过苏州。
7.ago和before
考点二　副词的比较等级
副词比较等级的用法
1.副词的比较级、最高级的变化和形容词的比较级、最高级的变化规则基本
相同。请参见形容词比较等级的变化规则。
2.在两者之间进行比较表示“A不如B”时,部分双音节和多音节副词除使用
“not...as/so+副词原级+as”结构外,还可以使用“less+副词原级+than”结构。
He
doesn't
write
as
carefully
as
his
sister.
=He
writes
less
carefully
than
his
sister.
他写字不如他妹妹细心。
3.副词最高级前一般不加定冠词the。
Which
do
you
like
best 你最喜欢哪一个
4.不规则变化表
原级
比较级
最高级
well
better
best
badly
worse
worst
much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
一、选词填空
1.(2019河南)—You
don't
like
British
breakfast,
do
you
—Not
exactly .
I
just
need
some
time
to
get
used
to
it.(more/only/truly/exactly)
2.(2019天津)Jenny
will
get
up
earlier
than
usual
in
order
to
catch
the
first
bus.
(early/very
early/earlier/earliest)
3.(2019江苏南京)Seeing
the
new
changes
in
her
hometown,
Nanjing,
Sandy
could
hardly
believe
her
eyes.(properly/highly/nearly/hardly)
4.(2019重庆)You'd
better
leave
quickly ,
or
trouble
will
come
to
you.(lively/
中考题组
friendly/heavily/quickly)
5.(2019山西)—Our
motherland's
70th
birthday
is
coming.
—Great!
We
will
hold
many
activities
to
celebrate
it
warmly .(wisely/warmly/
simply)
6.(2019江西)Peter
spoke
so
quietly
that
I
could
hardly
hear
him.(loudly/quiet-
ly/clearly/patiently)
7.(2019广东)A
mobile
phone
with
5G
can
send
videos
much
faster
than
the
one
with
4G.(fast/faster/fastest/the
fastest)
8.(2019安徽)I
came
to
school
early
this
morning
because
it
was
my
turn
to
clean
our
classroom.(early/slowly/quietly/suddenly)
9.(2019黑龙江哈尔滨)—What's
the
weather
like
in
summer
here
—It's
hot.
Sometimes
it
rains
heavily .
(clearly/heavily/carefully)
10.(2019贵州铜仁)—How
often
do
you
usually
go
to
work
by
subway
— Never .I
always
take
a
bus,
because
there
is
no
subway
in
this
city.(Some-
times/Often/Never/Seldom)
11.(2019江苏苏州)Could
you
speak
in
a
loud
voice
so
that
I
can
hear
you
clearly (quickly/happily/slowly/clearly)
12.(2019湖北襄阳)—Who
runs
fastest
in
your
class
—Tom
does.
None
of
us
can
catch
him
in
the
race.(faster/slower/fastest/slowest)
13.(2019河北)Ken
was
almost
late
for
school.
The
bell
rang
right
after
he
en-
tered
the
classroom.(still/always/already/almost)
14.(2019山东青岛)My
brother
has
a
healthy
living
habit.
He
hardly
stays
up
late,
and
he
is
an
early
bird.(usually/hardly/often/always)
15.(2019浙江温州)Betty
felt
so
tired
last
night
that
she
immediately
fell
asleep
in
bed
after
lying
down.(recently/suddenly/frequently/immediately)
16.(2018河南)Aunt
Jane
is
now
well
over
seventy,
but
she
is
still
a
great
cin-
ema-goer.(very/well/about/almost)
17.(2018天津)—Can
you
open
a
gift
immediately
after
you
receive
it
in
Eng-
land
—Yes.
We
don't
have
to
wait.(mainly/immediately/nearly/loudly)
18.(2018江苏南京)Millie
almost
missed
the
train
this
afternoon.
It
started
to
leave
right
after
she
got
on
it.(almost
/already
/really
/seldom)
19.(2018重庆)I
can't
hear
the
teacher
clearly
with
so
much
noise
outside.
(clearly/slowly/warmly/bravely)
20.(2018广东)—My
grandpa
practices
playing
the
guitar
hard
in
the
university
for
the
elderly
every
day.
—Cool!It's
never
too
old
to
learn.(hard/hardly/great/greatly)
21.(2017河南)—Jimmy,
where
are
my
glasses I
have
looked
everywhere.
—Oh,
Granny.
They
are
right
on
your
nose.(even/well/right/ever)
二、语篇填空
(2020河南中考预测)
阅读下面短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思
完整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。
courage,final,never,key,like,hard,he,try,make,but
The
mind
is
sharper
than
a
knife.
We
can
use
it
to
fight
against
the
challenge
and
to
cut
the
stone.
Everyone
is
creative,
and
you
just
need
to
find
the
right
　1
to
open
it.
Follow
the
short
story
to
understand
the
power
of
self-confidence.
Falling
over
stones,
a
man
was
　2
to
find
his
way
through
a
dark
cave
with
a
light
of
hope
from
a
lantern.　3 ,
he
could
follow
the
sunlight
entering
the
cave,
which
　4
him
happy.
But
as
he
went
closer,
he
was
puzzled
to
see
a
huge
rock
standing
before
him
　5
an
elephant.
Soon,
he
realized
that
　6 was
the
only
strength
he
owned
to
overcome
the
block.
He
pushed
the
rock
with
all
his
strength,
　7
failed.
He
felt
hopeless.
However,
while
he
was
sitting
at
the
foot
of
the
huge
rock
in
the
mouth
of
the
large
cave,
looking
back
on
his
attempt,
he
said
to
　8 ,“I
will
get
out
of
here.”
This
must
have
added
to
his
power
and
given
him
more
energy
in
pushing
the
huge
piece.
The
rock
began
to
move
a
little
bit,
which
encouraged
him
to
work
　9 .
He
got
tired
but
he
would
　10
give
up.
Slowly,
the
rock
made
way
for
him
paying
honor
to
all
his
efforts.
He
walked
along
the
bright
and
evergreen
path
before
him
with
pride.
1. key 　2. trying 　3. Finally 　4. made 　5. like
6. courage 　7. but 　8. himself 　9. harder 　10. never
一、选词填空
1.(2019河南省实验中学一模)—I
have
trouble
reading
such
a
long
passage.
—You
can
read　quickly to
get
the
main
ideas
first.
Don't
read
word
by
word.
Just
read
for
the
key
points.(exactly/probably/quickly/directly)
2.(2019河南新乡一模)No
one
knows
when
the
house
was
built
　exactly ,
but
it
must
be
very
old.(suddenly/gradually/exactly/recently)
3.(2019河南开封一模)Wu
Mei
didn't
go
to
the
cinema
yesterday.
　Instead ,
she
watched
her
favorite
TV
series
at
home.(However/Still/Besides/Instead)
模拟题组
4.(2019河南安阳一模)Take
care
when
you
are
driving,
　especially in
such
a
summer
storm.(immediately/especially/probably/recently)
5.(2019河南焦作一模)—There
are
so
many
people
waiting
to
enter
the
museum!
—Let's
stand
in
line.
It's
polite
to
wait
　patiently .(excitedly/patiently/angrily/
sadly)
6.(2019河南河大附中一模)Mary
almost
missed
the
train
this
afternoon.
It
started
to
leave
　right
after
she
got
on
it.(right/already/almost/seldom)
7.(2019河南中原名校中考第二次大联考)Be
good
to
people
on
your
way
up
be-
cause
you
　never
know
if
you
will
meet
them
again
on
your
way
down.(always/
never/sometimes/nearly)
8.(2019河南郑州二模)I
am
too
tired
to
walk
any
more.
　Anyway ,
I
am
hungry.
(Then/Anyway/Instead/However)
9.(2019河南新乡二模)—Can
you
catch
what
I
said
—Sorry,
I
can
　hardly
understand
it
because
you
spoke
quickly.(almost/proba-
bly/quickly/hardly)
10.(2018河南新乡一模)—What
a
beautiful
river!Can
you
imagine
it
being
　seriously
polluted
in
the
past
—Really Then
our
government
must
have
done
a
lot
to
make
it
clean.(carefully/se-
riously/heavily/possibly)
11.(2018河南焦作一模)When
the
bad
news
first
came,people
refused
to
believe
it,
but
　gradually
they
began
to
accept
it.(impossibly/gradually/usually/easily)
12.(2018河南商丘一模)Tell
your
father
that
making
telephone
calls
while
driving
is
not
　simply
against
the
law.
It
is
a
matter
of
life
or
death.(mostly/hardly/near-
ly/simply)
13.(2018河南平顶山一模)—Have
you
been
to
Pakistan
　lately

—Yes.
I
went
there
last
week.(closely/deeply/freely/lately)
14.(2018河南焦作二模)I
lost
my
ticket,
but
　luckily
my
best
friend
gave
me
another
one.(firstly/exactly/luckily/actually)
15.(2018河南省实验中学一模)It
is
　widely
known
that
more
and
more
for-
eigners
are
learning
Chinese
now.(politely/loudly/widely/easily)
16.(2018河南郑州外国语中学一模)—How
fast
your
son
has
grown!
—Yes,
he
is
　nearly
as
tall
as
his
father.(nearly/mostly/especially/hardly)
二、语篇填空
(2020河南中考原创)
阅读短文,根据语篇要求填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。
One
sheep,
two
sheep...632
sheep...still
awake...
People
always
believe
that
counting
sheep　1
helpful
to
their
sleep.
But
does
it
really
work
Scientists
at
Oxford
University
tested
it.
Two
sleep
researchers
looked
at
the
people
who
had
difficulty
in
sleeping.
They
divided
them　2 different
groups.
Then
they
asked
them
to
try
all
kinds
of
ways
to
help
themselves
fall
asleep
quickly.
Surprisingly,it
took
those
who
were
asked
to
count
sheep
more
time
to
fall
asleep
than
those
who
weren't.
But
when
they
were
asked
to
imagine
a
relaxing
picture—
a
beach,
　3
example,
they
fell
asleep
about
twenty
minutes
sooner
than
before,
according
to
a
report
in
The
New
York
Times.
“Sometimes,
counting
tasks
are
OK,　4 they
are
thought
stressful(压力重的)by
many
people,”Dr.
Richards
told
ABC
News.
“As　5 result,
it
may
be
a
good
way
to
try
imagining
colorful
fish
slowly
swimming
in
a
river
to
help
you
sleep
at
night,”suggested
Richards.
1.　is 　2.　into 　3.　for 　4.　but 　5.　a (共40张PPT)
专题六　形容词
考点一　形容词的用法及词义辨析
考点突破
考点二　形容词的比较等级
考点一　形容词的用法及词义辨析
考点突破
一、形容词的用法及位置
说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态,常用来修饰名词或代词的词叫形容词。
1.作定语,放在名词之前,复合不定代词之后。如:
The
nice
girl
is
my
sister.这个漂亮的女孩是我妹妹。
但有少数形容词只能作表语,如alone,afraid,asleep,awake,alive,well(健康的)等。如:
Don't
be
afraid!别害怕!
2.作表语,放在系动词之后。如:
He
looks
happy.他看起来很开心。
3.作宾补,放在宾语之后,常与make,leave,keep等动词连用。如:
You
must
keep
your
eyes
closed.你必须闭上眼睛。
4.形容词作状语时,并列的形容词可放在句首或句末。如:
Hungry
and
tired,
I
had
to
stop
to
have
a
rest.
我又累又饿,只好停下来休息一下。
5.形容词的排列顺序
当名词有两个或两个以上的词限定或修饰时,这些词的顺序通常遵循一定的规
则,一般不能随意调换,也不能依照汉语的意思去排列。通常可按下面的顺序排
列:
①限定性的词,如:冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词
等。
②表示观点的描绘性形容词,如:beautiful,fine,interesting等。
③表示大小、长短、高低及形状的形容词,如:tall,high,small,little,round等。
④表示年龄、新旧的形容词,如:young,old,new等。
⑤表示颜色的形容词,如:black,white,blue等。
⑥表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词,如:Japanese,American,English等。
⑦表示形成中心名词的材料的形容词,如:plastic,wooden等。如:
some
beautiful
little
red
flowers
一些美丽的小红花
two
round
blue
plastic
plates
两个圆形的蓝色塑料盘
two
big
round
new
Chinese
wooden
tables
两张新的中国式的木制大圆桌
6.一些表示情感等的表语形容词后可接动词不定式
be+ +to
do
sth.
如:The
old
woman
was
very
happy
to
see
her
son
again.
老太太再次见到她的儿子感到很高兴。
注意:许多形容词加-ly后构成副词,但有些以-ly结尾的词不是副词,而是形容
词。如:
friendly友好的　lonely孤独的　lovely可爱的
likely有希望的　daily日常的　lively有生气的
二、常考形容词词义辨析
1.-ing形容词和-ed形容词
-ing形容词
-ed形容词
例句
surprising
令人惊讶的
surprised
感到惊讶的
This
is
a
surprising
story.
I
am
surprised
at
the
news.
interesting
有趣的
interested
感兴趣的
I
have
an
interesting
book.
He
is
interested
in
science.
exciting
令人兴奋的
excited
感到兴奋的
Have
you
heard
of
the
exciting
news
We
are
excited
about
the
traveling.
pleasing
令人愉快的
pleased
感到愉快的/满意的
This
is
a
pleasing
trip.
The
teacher
is
pleased
with
our
performance.
frightening
令人恐惧的
frightened
感到恐惧的
This
is
a
frightening
story.
We
are
frightened
of
the
ghost.
moving
令人感动的
moved
受感动的
Titanic
is
a
moving
film.
We
are
moved
by
Hong
Zhanhui
deeply.
tiring
令人疲倦的
tired
感到疲倦的
It's
a
long
tiring
day.
I'm
too
tired.
fascinating
迷人的
fascinated
着迷的
What
a
fascinating
voice!
Many
boys
are
fascinated
by
computer
games.
特点:表示主动意义,多指事物对人的影响,一般
修饰事物
特点:表示被动意义,多指人对事物的感受,主语
一般是人,常用于“sb.+系动词+-ed形容词+介
词”结构
We
are
all
interested
in
the
interesting
story.
2.older和elder
3.farther和further
old的比较级
用法
例句
older
常用于比较的句型中,表示“较老的,较旧的,年
纪较大的”
Your
bike
is
older
than
mine.你的自行车比我的
旧。
elder
主要用来表示兄弟姐妹或子女的长幼关系,意
为“年长的”
He's
my
elder
brother.他是我哥哥。
易混词
意义及用法说明
例句
farther
far的比较级,在谈论地点、方向或距离时,far-
ther和further可以互换
I
was
so
tired
that
I
couldn't
walk
any
farther/
further.我太累了,再也走不动了。
further
far的比较级,表示“更多,进一步,额外”等含
义,这时不能与farther互换
He
went
abroad
for
further
study.他去国外进修
了。
4.ill和sick
“病的,生病的”
用法
例子
ill
作表语;作定语时意为“坏的,不良的,有害的”
He
has
been
ill
for
two
days.他已经病了两天
了。
a
woman
of
ill
repute一个名声不好的女人
sick
作定语和表语
The
sick
man
is
his
uncle.这位病人是他的叔
叔。
四个“好”
用法
例句
good
是形容词,用作表语和定语,它表示电影、书籍等的内容好;指人时表示人品好、善良等
This
is
a
good
book.这是一本好书。
well
可作形容词和副词,作形容词讲时只作表语,指身体健康、良好
—How
are
you
——你(身体)好吗
—I'm
very
well.
——我(身体)很好。
fine
通常指天气好、品质好、身体好等
It's
a
fine
day
today.今天天气晴朗。
nice
往往指“(人、味道、话语、天气等)令人喜悦的,讨人喜欢的”
Nice
to
meet
you!见到你很高兴!
5.good,well,fine,nice
6.alone,
lonely
易混词
用法
例句
alone
用作形容词或副词,意为“独自,单独”,指客观
情况;作形容词时一般作表语
He
is
alone
at
home.他独自一人在家。
lonely
作形容词,意为“孤独的,寂寞的”,指内心的感
受
He
never
feels
lonely
in
Beijing.在北京他从不
感到孤独。
考点二　形容词的比较等级
一、形容词比较等级的构成
1.规则变化
构成法
原级
比较级
最高级
一般直接加-er或-est
young
clever
younger
cleverer
youngest
cleverest
以不发音的字母e结尾的词,加-r或-st
wide
large
wider
larger
widest
largest
以单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音
节词,先双写这个辅音字母再加-er或-est
big
hot
bigger
hotter
biggest
hottest
以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节词,
先变y为i,再加-er或-est
heavy
busy
heavier
busier
heaviest
busiest
其他双音节和多音节词都在前面
加上单词more或most
important
interesting
more
important
more
interesting
most
important
most
interesting
2.不规则变化
二、形容词原级的用法
1.说明人或事物自身的特征、性质或状态时,用形容词原级。如:
The
flowers
in
the
garden
are
beautiful.花园里的花儿很漂亮。
2.有副词very,so,too,enough,quite等修饰时,用形容词原级。如:
The
boy
is
too
young.这个男孩太小了。
原级
比较级
最高级
good/well(健康的)
better
best
bad
worse
worst
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
3.表示同级比较时用形容词原级。
①肯定句中的结构:“A+is+as+形容词原级+as+B”。如:
English
is
as
interesting
as
Chinese.英语和汉语一样有趣。
②否定句中的结构:“A+isn't+as/so+形容词原级+as+B”。如:
This
book
isn't
so
new
as
that
one.这本书不如那本书新。
③表示“A是B的……倍”时,用“A...+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B”结构(一
倍:once;两倍:twice;三倍及以上:基数词+times)。如:
Our
school
is
three
times
as
big
as
theirs.
我们学校是他们学校的三倍大。
④“half
as+形容词原级+as”表示“……是……的一半”。如:
Her
room
is
half
as
big
as
yours.她的房间是你的一半大。
三、形容词比较级的用法
1.表示两者进行比较时用形容词的比较级,其结构为“A...+形容词的比较级+
than+B”。如:
Lily's
room
is
bigger
than
mine.莉莉的房间比我的大。
注意:为了避免重复,常用the
one,that,those等词来代替前面出现过的名词。其中
the
one代替可数名词单数形式,the
ones或those代替可数名词复数形式,that代替
可数名词单数或不可数名词。如:
The
weather
in
Beijing
is
colder
than
that
in
Haikou
in
winter.
冬天,北京的天气比海口冷。
2.有表示程度的副词a
little,a
bit,a
lot,much,far及even,no,any等词修饰形容词时,
该形容词可以用比较级。如:
It
is
much
colder
today
than
yesterday.今天比昨天冷得多。
3.表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更……”时,用句型“Which/Who
is+形容词
比较级,A
or
B ”表示。如:
Who
is
taller,Li
Ming
or
Wang
Tao
谁比较高,李明还是王涛
4.表示“几倍于……”时,用“倍数+比较级+than”表示。如:
Your
room
is
three
times
bigger
than
mine.
你的房间是我的房间的三倍大。
5.表示“两者之间比较……的一个(of
the
two)”时,常用“the+比较级”结构。
如:
Mary
is
the
taller
of
the
twins.
玛丽是这对双胞胎中比较高的那个。
6.表示“越来越……”,用比较级重叠结构,即“比较级+and+比较级”,当形容
词需借助more来构成比较级时,用“more
and
more+形容词原级”来表示。如:
It's
getting
warmer
and
warmer
in
spring.
春天天气变得越来越暖和了。
7.表示“越……,越……”时,用“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构。如:
The
more,the
better.越多越好。
四、形容词最高级的用法
1.表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级形式。形容词最高级前
常加定冠词the,句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围。如:
Shanghai
is
the
biggest
city
in
China.上海是中国最大的城市。
2.表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时,用“Which/Who
is+the+形容
词最高级,A,B
or
C ”结构。如:
Which
city
is
the
most
beautiful,Beijing,Shanghai
or
Fuzhou
哪座城市最漂亮,北京、上海还是福州
3.表示“最……的……之一”时,用“one
of
the+形容词最高级+可数名词复
数”结构。如:
Jay
Chou
is
one
of
the
most
popular
singers.
周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌手之一。
4.形容词最高级前面可以加序数词,表示“第几最……”。如:
The
Yellow
River
is
the
second
longest
river
in
China.
黄河是中国第二长河。
5.形容词最高级前面可以有形容词性物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修
饰,此时不能再用定冠词。如:
This
is
our
best
lesson
today.这是我们今天最好的一节课。
6.形容词比较级结构也可以表示最高级含义。如:
Li
Lei
is
the
tallest
student
in
his
class.
李雷是班上最高的学生。
=Li
Lei
is
taller
than
any
other
student
in
his
class.
李雷比班上其他任何一个学生都高。
=Li
Lei
is
taller
than
the
other
students
in
his
class.
李雷比班上其他的学生都高。
=Li
Lei
is
taller
than
anyone
else
in
his
class.
李雷比班上其他任何人都高。
=No
one
is
taller
than
Li
Lei
in
his
class.
在班里没有人比李雷高。
=Li
Lei
is
taller
than
any
of
the
other
students
in
his
class.
李雷比班里其他任何一个学生都高。
=Li
Lei
is
taller
than
the
rest
of
the
students
in
his
class.
李雷比班里其他的学生都高。
一、选词填空
1.(2019北京)Julie
takes
good
care
of
the
family
dog.
She
is
　more
patient
than
her
brother.(patient/more
patient/most
patient/the
most
patient)
2.(2019江苏南京)Which
of
the
following
can
be
used
to
describe
the
girl
in
the
pic-
ture 　Confident. (Crazy./Curious./Scared./Confident.)
中考题组
3.(2019重庆)Nobody
worked
the
math
problem
out.
It
was
　the
most
difficult
one
of
all.(easier/the
easiest/more
difficult/the
most
difficult)
4.(2019山西)When
we
read
a
piece
of
news
online,
we'd
better
make
sure
it's
true
before
sending
it
to
others.
If
not,
we
may
spread
something
bad.(true/spe-
cial/strange)
5.(2019湖北武汉)—Why
not
ask
Bob
to
join
us
in
the
trip
to
the
zoo
tomorrow
—Everyone
in
our
group
loves
animals,
but
he
always
seems
　cruel .(anxious/
personal/cruel/careless)
6.(2019江西)—What
do
you
think
of
the
band's
performance
—It
could
be　better .
I
think
they're
feeling
very
nervous.(good/better/bad/
worse)
7.(2019广东)Fishing
is
one
of
　the
most
popular
activities
among
the
middle-
aged
people.(popular/more
popular/most
popular/the
most
popular)
8.(2019福建)More
and
more
people
have
realized
that
clear
waters
and
green
mountains
are
as
　valuable
as
mountains
of
gold
and
silver.(central/special/
valuable)
9.(2019安徽)—The
5G
technology
can
help
doctors
treat
patients
who
are
hundreds
of
kilometers
away.
—It's
really
　amazing .(secret/direct/amazing/traditional)
10.(2019湖南长沙)Of
the
two
physics
problems,
Martha
just
finished
　the
less
difficult
one.(the
most
difficult/the
least
difficult/the
less
difficult)
11.(2019新疆)The
　more
we
do
for
other
people,
the
　happier
we
will
be.
(much;happier/more;happy/more;happier/most;happiest)
12.(2019黑龙江哈尔滨)Journey
to
the
West
is
a
traditional
　Chinese
book.
It
has
been
translated
into
different
languages.(American/British/Chinese)
13.(2019江苏苏州)The
flying
squirrel
might
be
one
of
　the
strangest
animals
you
could
meet
during
the
trip.(strange/stranger/strangest/the
strangest)
14.(2019甘肃兰州)How
　heavily
it
rained
yesterday!
We
had
to
cancel
our
football
match.(heavily/light/heavy/lightly)
15.(2019河北)The
High
Speed
Rail
is
amazing.
It
makes
travel
　easier .(easier/
harder/higher/slower)
16.(2019四川成都)Compared
with
newspapers
or
TV,
the
Internet
offers
people
more
information.(much/more/most)
17.(2019广西南宁)—Why
is
Mike
so
popular
in
your
class
—Because
he
always
tells
jokes.
He
is
　humorous .(humorous/polite/honest/
friendly)
18.(2019内蒙古呼和浩特)—He
is
planning
to
walk
on
the
wings
of
a
flying
plane.
—What
I
have
never
heard
of
　a
crazier
idea
before.(a
crazier/the
crazier/a
craziest/the
craziest)
19.(2019山东青岛)To
make
rivers
　cleaner
than
before,
everybody
is
supposed
to
protect
them.(dirty/dirtier/clean/cleaner)
20.(2018北京)Tony
is
　the
youngest
of
the
three
boys,
but
he
is
the
tallest.
(young/younger/youngest/the
youngest)
21.(2018天津)Tianjin
is
one
of
　the
biggest
cities
in
China.(big/bigger/the
biggest/the
bigger)
22.(2018上海)Old
Mr.
Green
doesn't
feel
　lonely
because
some
students
visit
him
regularly.(sadly/gently/lonely/angrily)
23.(2018重庆)The
show
was
so
　funny
that
I
couldn't
stop
laughing.(sad/terri-
ble/funny/serious)
24.(2018江苏南京)“Reading
Pavilion”,
which
entered
Luhe
Library
this
spring,
has
made
it
　easier
for
the
citizens
to
experience
the
pleasure
of
reading
than
before.(easy/easier/easily/more
easily)
25.(2017河南)Miho
is
　the
youngest
student
because
she
was
born
later
than
anyone
else
in
her
class.(young/younger/the
younger/the
youngest)
二、语篇填空
(2020河南中考预测)
阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完
整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。
with　sudden　hospital　much
stand　rain　feel　child　sit　silent
When
the
train
stopped
in
London,
an
old
man
got
on
the
train
with
his
son.
The
son
seemed
to
be
over
20
years
old
and
looked
very
happy.
Soon
the
train
got
start-
ed.
The
young
man
was
　1
by
the
window.
He
put
one
hand
out
of
the
window
to
feel
the
air.
He
shouted,
“Dad,
see
all
the
trees
are
going
behind!”The
old
man
looked
at
his
son
　2
satisfaction.
There
was
a
woman
next
to
the
young
man.
She
was
listening
to
the
talk
between
the
father
and
the
son
in
　3 .
Possibly
she
thought
it
was
a
little
strange
because
the
young
man
was
behaving
like
a
little
　4 .
The
young
man
stood
up
　5
and
shouted
again,
“Dad,
look
at
the
river
and
an-
imals!
Clouds
are
moving
with
the
train.”The
woman
watched
the
young
man
and
　6 embarrassed
at
his
behavior.
Then
it
started
　7
and
some
raindrops
touched
the
young
man's
hand.
He
became
　8
excited.
He
shouted
loudly,
“Dad,
it's
raining!
Water
is
touching
me!
Look,
Dad!”
The
woman
couldn't
　9
it
any
longer
and
asked
the
old
man,“Why
don't
you
take
your
son
to
the
doctor ”The
old
man
said
in
a
calm
voice,“We've
just
come
back
from
the
　10 .
Today
my
son
has
eyesight(视力)for
the
first
time
in
his
life.”
1.　sitting 　2.　with 　3.　silence 　4.　child 　5.　suddenly
6.　felt 　7.　raining 　8.　more 　9.　stand 　10.　hospital
一、选词填空
1.(2019河南郑州一模)After
his
mother
was
killed,
his
eyes
became
cruel
and
hard.
We
never
saw
his
smile
again.(lively/cruel/patient/harmful)
2.(2019河南省实验中学一模)Remember,everyone
will
suffer
some
pain
in
his
or
her
life.
What
doesn't
kill
you
will
make
you
stronger .(strong/stronger/a
stronger/the
strongest)
3.(2019河南新乡一模)This
work
is
more
difficult
for
me
than
for
you.
It's
new
for
me,
but
you
have
some
experiences
in
this
field.(difficult/much
difficult/
模拟题组
more
difficult/the
most
difficult)
4.(2019河南洛阳一模)Among
all
the
students,
Winnie
made
the
fewest
mis-
takes
in
the
final
English
exam.(fewer/fewest/less/least)
5.(2019河南安阳一模)When
I
watch
scary
movies,I
shake
like
a
leaf.(scary/
funny/interesting/boring)
6.(2019河南焦作一模)—What's
happening
—The
people
in
the
house
are
in
great
danger
because
the
smoke
which
is
growing
heavier
is
a
great
killer.(smaller/darker/larger/heavier)
7.(2019河南平顶山一模)—How
was
your
exam
yesterday
—Oh,
I
couldn't
feel
worse .
I
could
hardly
answer
most
of
the
questions.(bet-
ter/easier/worse/happier)
8.(2019河南许昌一模)—Are
you
satisfied
with
the
result
of
the
exam
—No,
not
at
all.
I
can't
have
a
worse
one .(a
worse
one/a
better
one/the
best
one/the
worst
one)
9.(2019河南商丘一模)The
number
of
people
at
the
concert
was
much
smaller
than
expected.
There
were
many
tickets
left.(much
smaller/much
more/much
larger/
many
more)
10.(2018河南开封一模)—What
do
you
think
of
Shaolin
kung
fu
tonight
—Great!
I've
never
seen
a
more
wonderful
live
show
before.(a
wonderful/
more
wonderful/most
wonderful/a
more
wonderful)
11.(2018河南新乡一模)My
friend
Jim
is
quite
different
from
me.
He
is
more
active
but
less
hard-working
than
me.
So
I
often
help
him
with
his
lessons.(less
hard-
working/more
hard-working/least
hard-working/most
hard-working)
12.(2018河南焦作一模)—Zou
Shiming
has
won
three
Olympic
prizes
during
his
career.
—Yes.
He
might
be
China's
most
famous
boxer.(much/more/most/bad)
13.(2018河南开封二模)—Has
Lucy
changed
a
lot
—Oh,yes.
When
I
first
met
her
five
years
ago,she
was
much
shyer .(shy/shyer/
shyest/the
shyest)
14.(2018河南安阳二模)—Do
you
enjoy
Jessie
J's
songs
—Yes.
She
is
the
winner
of
Singer
in
2018.
I
can't
think
of
anyone
with
a
better
voice.(better/best/more/most)
15.(2018河南省实验中学一模)—What
do
you
think
of
my
plan
—I
can't
agree
with
you
more .
Safety
is
the
most
important
to
everyone.
(worse/more/most/worst)
二、语篇填空
(2020河南中考原创)
阅读短文,根据语篇要求填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。
Although
the
world
is
hungry,
it
is
even
thirstier.
While
nearly
3/4
of
the
earth
is
covered
with
water,
we
are
short
of
drinking
water.
This
is
　1
about
97%
of
the
water
on
earth
is
sea
water.
How
can
we
avoid
　2
serious
water
shortage
Firstly
we
should
save
water
and
not
waste
it.
Then
we
should
protect
our
water
resources
and
not
pollute
them.
Fi-
nally
we
should
discover
ways
　3
reuse
water.
Scientists
have
got
some
achievements
in
the
field.
But
people's
need
for
water
is
increasing
day
by
day.
We
still
don't
have
enough
water.
What
else
can
we
do
The
sea
seems
to
have
the
best
answer.
　4
is
plenty
of
water
in
the
sea.
But
we
need
to
take
salt
away
　5
sea
water.
This
is
very
expensive.
If
scientists
can
find
cheaper
methods
to
do
it,
we
can
solve
the
problem
of
the
shortage
of
water.
1. because 　2. a 　3. to 　4. There 　5. from (共25张PPT)
专题三　冠词
考点一　不定冠词及定冠词
考点突破
考点二　零冠词
考点一　不定冠词及定冠词
考点突破
用法
例子
在叙述时用于第一次提到的人或物前
This
is
a
book.
指人或事物的某一类别,以区别于其他种类
A
plane
is
a
machine
that
can
fly.
泛指某人或某物
A
young
man
is
waiting
for
you.
用在某些物质名词和抽象名词前,表示“一阵、一份、一类、一场”等
There'll
be
a
strong
wind
in
South
China.
用于可视为一个整体的两个名词前
a
knife
and
fork
“a+序数词”表示“又一,再一”
The
cake
is
delicious
and
I
would
like
a
second
one.
用于表明比率、速度、价格,有“每一”的意思
He
was
driving
50
miles
an
hour.
1.不定冠词(a,an)的基本用法
2.不定冠词a,an的区别
注意:
①判断是用a还是an,要看冠词是在辅音前还是在元音前,而不是看它是在辅音
字母前还是在元音字母前。如:Li
Ming
is
an
honest
boy.honest的音标为/ n
st/,开头的音素为/ /,故用an。There
is
an“f”in
the
word“five”.字母“f”
的音标为/ef/,开头的音素为/e/,故用an。所以我们可以这样记忆:不见元音不加
an,不看字母看发音。
a用在读音以辅音开头的单词前
a
teacher,a
good
student
an用在读音以元音开头的单词前
an
apple
tree,an
interesting
story
②在26个字母中,前面用an的字母有:a,e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,x,其他用a。
③要注意区别以“u”开头的单词:当“u”发/ /音时前面用an,如an
umbrella,
an
unusual
story,an
unhappy
boy;当“u”发/ju /音时前用a,如a
university,a
use-
ful
book。
3.含有不定冠词的常见固定词组
a
few/little/bit一点儿;have
a
swim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/rest游泳/散步/谈话/
看一看/跳舞/喝点东西/休息;have
a
cold感冒;have
a
good
time玩得高兴;in
a
hur-
ry匆忙;for
a
while一会儿;keep
a
diary记日记;do
sb.a
favor帮助某人。
4.定冠词the的基本用法
用法
例子
用在单数可数名词前表一类人或事物
The
orange
is
orange.
与某些形容词连用表一类人
We
should
help
the
old.
用于江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠等专有名词前,或由普通名词构成的专有名词之前
the
Great
Wall,the
Summer
Palace
用于说明某人演奏的乐器
I
like
playing
the
piano.
用于某个年代或世纪之前
the
1930s
记忆口诀:特指双方知,上文已提及,世上独无二,序数最高级,年代姓复数,类
指奏乐器。
常用固定搭配:
in
the
evening在晚上　in
the
daytime在白天
in
the
end最后　on
the
right在右边
at
the
same
time同时　by
the
way顺便说一下
the
next
morning第二天早晨
in
the
front
of在……的前面
考点二　零冠词
零冠词
1.下列情况不用冠词
不可数名词和复数名词表泛指时
Animals
can't
live
without
water.
Horses
are
helpful
animals.
专有名词(如人名、地名、国家名等)、物质名词和抽象名词前
China
is
a
great
country.
Mary
lives
in
New
York.
Paper
is
made
from
wood.
名词前已有指示代词、形容词性物主代词、限定词或名词所有格等时
Every
student
likes
English
in
our
class.
在称呼或表示头衔的名词前
This
is
Professor
Li.
在三餐、球类运动及学科名词之前
I
went
to
school
without
breakfast
this
morning.
He
often
plays
football
after
school.
由“专有名词+普通名词”构成的表示街名、路名、山名等的词组前
Nanjing
Road
Hainan
Island
by与交通工具名称连用时
by
car　by
train
在节假日前
Children's
Day　Women's
Day
2.在某些固定词组和习惯用语中,不用冠词
day
by
day(一天天);face
to
face(面对面);side
by
side(肩并肩);hand
in
hand(手拉
手);from
beginning
to
end(自始至终);day
and
night(日日夜夜);husband
and
wife
(夫妻);at
home
在家;by
mistake
错误地;learn
by
heart
背诵;in
sight看得见;at
first
起初;at
last最后;at
once
立刻;by
way
of经由;at
noon
在中午;at
work在工作;on
time准时;in
surprise
惊奇地;at
night
在晚上;on
foot
步行;on
business因公出差;on
holiday
在度假;in
class在课堂上;on
show展览;go
home回家;for
example
例如;
go
shopping/swimming/boating/fishing
去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼
3.有定冠词和无定冠词的区别
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
一、单句填空
1.(2019河南)—Judy,
how
was
the
camping
—The
other
campers
were
nice,
and
we
had
a
fun
time
together.
2.(2019天津)I
am
going
to
have
a
picnic
on
Sunday.
3.(2019重庆)One
of
his
daughters
became
an
English
teacher
last
August.
4.(2019广东) The
Great
Wall
is
one
of
the
seven
wonders
around
the
world.
5.(2019新疆)—Is
that
a
post
office
—No,
it's an
old
library.
中考题组
6.(2019黑龙江哈尔滨)—Mum,
I'm
going
on
a
picnic
with
my
friends
today.
—Have
a
good
day.
7.(2019吉林)There
is
a
map
of
China
on
the
wall
in
my
bedroom.
8.(2019贵州铜仁)China
is
an
Asian
country
while
England
is
a
European
country.
9.(2019甘肃兰州)Hide-and-seek
is
an
interesting
game
for
children.
10.(2019广西南宁)I
usually
have
an
egg
and
some
bread
for
breakfast.
11.(2019内蒙古呼和浩特)We
usually
go
swimming
in
/
summer.
But
in
the
summer
of
2018,
we
didn't.
12.(2019山东青岛)Qingdao
is
a
beautiful
city
that
lies
in
the
east
of
China.
13.(2019浙江温州)—Peter,
shall
we
go
for
a
picnic
this
Sunday
—OK.
Let's
add
it
to
the
weekend
plan.
14.(2018河南)—Are
you
going
to
the
football
match
tonight
—I
wish
I
could,
but
I'm
meeting
a
VIP
from
Oklahoma.
15.(2018天津)There
is
an
old
piano
in
the
corner
of
the
living
room.
16.(2018上海)Hurry
up!
The
concert
will
begin
in
a
minute.
17.(2018重庆)I
had
an
egg
and
some
milk
for
breakfast
this
morning.
18.(2018广东) A
new
study
says
that
going
to
bed
late
is
harmful
to
our
health.
19.(2018山东潍坊)To
prepare
for
the
trip
to
LA,
Betty
is
making
a
list
of
things
to
take
along.
20.(2017河南)—When
will
the
car
race
begin
—I'm
not
sure.
Maybe
next
week,
or
maybe
the
week
after
next.
二、语篇填空
(2020河南中考预测)
阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完
整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。
like,
important,
get,
down,
something,
rule,
organize,
while,
this,
proper
Liu
Hao,
13,
used
to
be
addicted(上瘾的)
to
playing
with
his
cellphone.
He
spent
nearly
all
of
his
free
time
on
it.
As
a
result,
his
grades
went
　1 .
Now
Liu
has
got
away
from
his
addiction,
but
he
still
feels
lost.
“It's
like
　2
is
missing
without
my
cellphone,”
he
said.
Technology
is
a
double-edged
sword(双刃剑).
Smartphones
can
make
our
lives
more
convenient,
but
they
can
also
cause
problems
among
people.
Some
schools
have
set
strict
　3
to
stop
students
from
using
their
smartphones
too
much.
However,
Sun
Zheng,
a
14-year-old
who
studies
at
Hefei
No.
50
Middle
School,
thinks
electronic
products
　4
smartphones
are
an
important
part
of
students'
life.
In
his
class,
students
are
asked
to
upload
their
math
homework
on
QQ
or
WeChat.
“I
also
enjoy
watching
online
classes
and
　5
information
using
my
smartphone,”
Sun
added.
Many
students
use
apps
on
their
smartphones
to
help
them
with
their
schoolwork.
Maybe
the
best
way
to
solve
the
problem
is
to
teach
kids
to
use
their
smartphones
　6 .
For
example,
Liu
and
his
classmates
have
agreed
to
some
rules
of
smart-
phone
use.
“We
agreed
to
put
away
our
phones
　7
studying,
ask
our
parents
before
using
them
and
only
play
with
them
for
a
few
minutes,”
Liu
said.
More
　8 ,
spending
time
enjoying
the
“real
world”
can
prevent
smartphone
addiction,
according
to
Zhang
Lin,
a
14-year-old
at
Hangzhou
Huixing
Middle
School.
“Painting,
badminton,
climbing,
riding
bikes...,
and
　9
fun
activities
make
me
forget
about
my
smartphone,”
she
said.
“Maybe
schools
and
parents
can
　10
more
activities
for
kids
to
enjoy
instead
of
just
stopping
smart-
phones.”
1. down 　2. something 　3. rules 　4. like 　5. getting
6. properly 　7. while 　8. importantly 　9. these
10. organize
一、单句填空
1.(2019河南郑州一模)—What
do
you
think
of
　the
British
cartoon
Peppa
Pig
—It's
wonderful.
Many
kids
take
　an
interest
in
it.
2.(2019河南省实验中学一模)—Is
it　the story
you
told
to
your
class
last
night
—Yes,
don't
you
think
it
is　a touching
and
wonderful
one
3.(2019河南新乡一模)I
want
to
see
Operation
Red
Sea
　a
second
time
because
it
is
quite
　a
wonderful
movie.
4.(2019河南洛阳一模)—Daisy,
how
do
you
like　the movie
called
The
Wander-
模拟题组
ing
Earth
—Wow!
It's
really　a movie
which
makes
people
think
a
lot.
5.(2019河南开封一模)—Little
Bob,
　a
one-year-old
baby,can
play
　the
vi-
olin.
Is
it
amazing
—Yes.
It
is
almost
impossible!
6.(2019河南焦作一模)The
invention
of
　the
bicycle
is
a
great
one
to
the
world.
I
like
going
to
work
on
　a
bike.
7.(2019河南平顶山一模)—This
is
　the
book
we've
read
several
times.
—Wonderful!
I've
never
read
　a more
interesting
one.
8.(2019河南许昌一模)—Alex
is
　an honest
boy,
and
he
is
also
kind.
—Yes,
he
always
volunteers
to
help
　the
disabled.
9.(2019河南商丘一模)—How
about
　the Christmas
evening
party
—I
should
say
it
was
　a success.
10.(2019河大附中一模)Nowadays,WeChat
Payment
has
been
　a
more
popular
payment
way
among
the
young
people.What's
more,
　the number
of
people
us-
ing
it
is
increasing
rapidly.
11.(2019河南郑州二模)I
can't
tell
you
　the
way
to
the
Zhang's
because
we
don't
have　a Zhang
here.
12.(2018河南新乡一模)—Look!There
is
　a
backpack
lying
on
the
ground
over
there.Whose
is
it
—I
think
it
must
be
Allen's.I
remember
he
has
one
like
this.
13.(2018河南安阳一模)—Yang
Kezhang
got
　the
award
of
Touching
China
2017.
—Yes,he
saved
　a
2-year-old
girl
in
the
fire,but
he
lost
his
own
life
instead.
14.(2018河南焦作一模)—It
seems
to
be
clearing.It's
　a
nice
change.
—I
really
don't
hope
　the
weather
like
that
will
last.
15.(2018河南平顶山一模)—What
do
you
usually
take
with
you
in
England
—I
always
take
　an
umbrella
with
me
and
　the
umbrella
is
very
useful.
16.(2018河南郑州一模)With
　the
development
of
science
and
technology,
China
has
entered
　a
new
era(时代).
17.(2018河南洛阳二模)—Have
you
ever
seen
　the
film
Amazing
China
—Yes.It
is
　a
fantastic
film.I
want
to
see
it
again.
二、语篇填空
(2020河南中考原创)
阅读短文,根据语篇要求填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。
In
a
faraway
place,
there
was
a
village.
The
village
was
rich
in
potatoes
　1
anywhere
else
in
the
country.
At
the
end
of
every
growing
season,
thousands
of
potatoes
were
dug
out
of
the
ground,
and
readied
for
the
market.
In
each
home,
men
and
women
　2 busily
divide
the
potatoes
into
three
groups,
large,
medium
and
small.
One
year,
there
was
a
young
man
who
received
his
share
of
the
potatoes.
As
the
other
villagers
were
working,
he
walked
around
the
village
laughing
and
talking.
3 villagers
thought
he
was
lazy,
and
they
worried
that
this
man
would
never
get
his
potatoes
ready
on
time.
When
it
was
time
for
the
villagers
to
go
to
the
market,
they
were
greatly
surprised
to
find
that
the
man's
potatoes
were
divided
perfectly
into
three
groups.
After
asking
the
man
how
he
did
it,
they
understood
he
was
not
lazy,
　4
very
clever.
He
had
put
all
his
potatoes
in
a
cart
and
pulled
it
along
the
village's
rough
(高低不平的)
dirt
road.
As
the
cart
moved
up
and
down,the
potatoes
moved
too.
The
small
potatoes
moved
to
the
bottom,
the
larger
potatoes
rose
to
the
top
and
the
medium
potatoes
rested
　5 the
middle.
Life
is
like
this
too.
The
rough
roads
we
travel
along
can
also
help
us.
1.　than 　2.　would 　3.　The 　4.　but 　5.　in (共28张PPT)
专题十一　情态动词
一、情态动词的类型
1.只作情态动词的有:must,can/could,may/might
2.既可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有:need
3.既可作情态动词也可作助动词的有:will/would,shall/should
4.具有情态动词某些特征的有:have
to,had
better,used
to,be
able
to
考点突破
二、情态动词的特征
1.有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和行为动词或系动词连用构成谓语。
2.无人称和数的变化(have
to例外,主语为第三人称单数时用has
to)。如:
We
must
stay
here.我们必须待在这里。
He
has
to
walk
home.他不得不步行回家。
3.后接动词原形。如:
He
can
speak
Japanese.
他会说日语。
4.具有助动词的作用,可用来构成否定句、疑问句及简明答语。如:
—Can
we
go
home
now,please
——现在我们可以回家了吗
—No,you
can't.
——不,不可以。
三、情态动词的用法
(一)can和could的用法
1.表示能力,意为“能,会”。如:
Can
you
play
basketball
你会打篮球吗
2.表示推测时,常用于否定句和疑问句中。如:
It
can't
be
Nick's.它不可能是尼克的。
3.表示请求或允许,多用于口语中,意为“可以”,相当于may。如:
You
can/may
go
now.你现在可以走了。
注意:以can开头的一般疑问句,其肯定回答和否定回答分别用can和can't。
4.could是can的过去式,表示过去的能力;could也可在疑问句中表示委婉地提出
请求。如:
I
could
sing
English
songs
when
I
was
four
years
old.
我四岁的时候就会唱英文歌曲。
(二)may的用法
1.表示推测,意为“可能;也许”,用于肯定句中。如:
He
may
come
tomorrow.他明天可能会来。
2.表示请求、许可,意为“可以”。如:
May
I
come
in 我可以进来吗
注意:may表请求,用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句时,其否定回答用mustn't
或can't,不用may
not。
3.表示祝愿。如:
May
you
succeed!祝你成功!
注意:can和may均可用来表示征求意见或请求许可,意为“可以”,一般可互换
使用。
(三)must的用法
1.表示说话人的主观语气,意为“必须”。
2.表示推测,意为“一定”,一般用于肯定句。在疑问句和否定句中表推测时一
般应用can,否定句中也用may,但may
not表示“可能不”,而can't
表示“不可
能”。在否定句中,mustn't表示“禁止”,意为“千万不要”。以must开头的疑
问句,肯定回答应用must;而否定回答则常用needn't,意为“不需要,不必”,相当
于don't
have
to,而不能用mustn't。如:
—There's
someone
knocking
on
the
door.
——有人在敲门。
—It
must
be
Jim.
——肯定是吉姆。
—Must
I
go
home
now
——我现在必须回家吗
—No,you
needn't.
——不,不必。
(四)对need词性的判断
need后加to
do说明need为实义动词,用助动词提问或否定;若need后加动词原形,
则need为情态动词,用need提问或否定。如:
You
needn't
come
to
school
so
early.
你不必这么早来学校。
You
don't
need
to
leave
now.
你不必现在就走。
(五)had
better的用法
had
better
do
sth.表示“最好做某事”,否定式用:had
better
not
do
sth.。如:
You'd
better
stay
at
home.你最好待在家里。
(六)shall/should和will/would的用法
1.shall用于第一人称,表示征求意见、询问。如:
Shall
I
open
the
window 要我开窗吗
Shall
we
say
6
o'clock,then
那么,我们就定在6点钟好吗
2.should常用来表示义务、责任。如:
We
should
obey
the
traffic
rules.
我们应该遵守交通规则。
3.will
用于第二人称,表示询问、请求,也可以表达现在的意愿。如:
Will
you
pass
me
that
book 你能把那本书递给我吗
4.would
用来表示客气地请求别人做某事。如:
Would
you
tell
me
the
way
to
the
station
你能告诉我去车站的路吗
四、几组情态动词的辨析
1.can/could和be
able
to的区别
词语
用法
例句
can/could
只用于一般现在时(can)和一般过去时(could)
Jim
couldn't
speak
Chinese
last
year,but
now
he
can.
吉姆去年不会说汉语,但现在他会了。
be
able
to
可用于多种时态
We
will
be
able
to
come
back
next
week.我们下
周能回来。
2.can
和may表可能的区别
(1)在肯定句中,用may表示可能。如:
You
had
better
ask
that
policeman.He
may
know.
你最好问那个警察,他可能知道。
(2)在否定句中,cannot/can't和may
not的区别。
词语
用法
例句
cannot/can't
语气肯定,意为“不可能”
Mr
Li
can‘t
be
in
the
room.He
has
gone
to
Beijing.李先生不可能在房间里,他去北京了。
may
not
语气不肯定,意为“可能不”
—Is
John
coming
by
train ——约翰是坐火车来吗
—He
may
not.He
likes
driving
his
car.——可能不是。他喜欢开他的小汽车。
3.must和have/has
to的区别
4.can't和mustn't的区别
词语
用法
例句
must
表示主观意愿,意为“必须”
We
must
study
hard
at
school.在学校我们必须
努力学习。
have/has
to
用于强调客观需要,意为“必须,不得不”
We'll
have
to
ask
Zhang
Hong.我们得去问张红。
词语
用法
例句
can't
表示否定推测,意为“不可能”
He
can't
be
Jim.他不可能是吉姆。
mustn't
表示“禁止、不允许”,不能用来表推测
You
mustn't
play
soccer
in
the
street.你千万别在街上踢足球。
一、单句填空
1.(2019河南)Jerry
didn't
pay
me
back,
but
he
promised
that
he
would
this
Sunday.
2.(2019北京)—Lily,
can you
finish
the
letter
in
ten
minutes
—Yes,
I
can.
3.(2019天津)You
mustn't
walk
on
the
wet
hill
path
because
you
might
fall
and
hurt
yourself.
4.(2019湖北武汉)—Try
this
soup—you
will
like
it.
中考题组
—Wow!
This
is
delicious!
5.(2019广东)Dirty
air
and
water
are
harmful.
They
can
kill
plants,
and
even
people.
6.(2019安徽)The
designer
has
tried
every
possible
way
to
make
the
robot
light,
so
you
needn't
worry
about
its
weight.
7.(2019新疆)David,
could
you
please
sweep
the
floor
and
take
out
the
trash
8.(2019山东青岛)As
middle
school
students,
we
should
follow
the
public
rules
wherever
we
go.
9.(2019江苏苏州)—Some
people
don't
show
their
talents
at
the
very
beginning.
—I
agree.
Even
Einstein
couldn't
read
until
he
was
seven.
10.(2019甘肃兰州)The
magazine
must be
Lucy's.
We
can
see
her
name
on
the
cover.
11.(2019四川成都)—Is
that
Tom
over
there
—It
can't
be
him.
He
is
on
the
plane
to
Chengdu
now.
12.(2019浙江温州)We
don't
allow
taking
magazines
out,
but
you
can
copy
the
article
you
need
on
the
machine
over
there.
13.(2018河南)—Are
you
going
to
the
cinema
tonight
—I
don't
know.
I
might
go
or
I
might
stay
at
home.
14.(2018北京)I
must
go
now,
or
I'll
miss
my
train.
15.(2018天津)—Must
I
come
before
6:30
tomorrow
—No,
you
needn't .
There
will
be
plenty
of
time.
16.(2018广东)—Yuan
Longping,
a
famous
Chinese
scientist,
is
now
doing
research
on
sea
rice.
—If
farmers
can
start
planting
rice
in
salty
water,
China's
food
supply
will
surely
rise.
17.(2018江苏苏州)She
may
be
slow,
but
at
least
she
doesn't
make
stupid
mis-
takes.
18.(2018湖北武汉)—Must
you
go
—Yes,
I'm
afraid
I
really
must .
19.(2017河南)—I
don't
care
what
people
think.
—Well,
you
should .
You're
not
alone
in
this
world.
二、语篇填空
(2020河南中考预测)
　　阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思
完整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。
another　carry　control　have　life　well　so　usual　wild　tree
Animals
are
important
in
Indian
culture
and
some
are
treated
in
a
special
way.For
example,a
lot
of
elephants
aren't　1 .They
are
domesticated(驯养).They
aren't
kept
as
pets,but
as
working
animals.Every
working
elephant　2 its
own
keeper.
An
elephant
and
its
keeper
meet
for
the
first
time
when
they
are
both
young,and
they
grow
up
together.In
fact,their
relationship
continues
for
the
rest
of
the
elephant
's　3 —perhaps
40
years.Lots
of
elephants
work
in
the
forest,moving
heavy　4
when
they
are
cut
down.Some
give
rides
to
tourists,or　5 people
during
cele-
brations
and
festivals.Keepers
take
excellent
care
of
their
elephants,feeding
them
6 and
giving
them
a
bath
at
the
end
of
the
working
day.
　7 special
animal
in
India
is
the
cow.Cows
are
protected
animals,
　8 they
aren't
kept
on
farms
or
killed
for
food,although
people
do
use
their
milk.
So
in
In-
dia
you
can
often
see
cows
walking
around
towns
and
cities,and
nobody
tries　9
them.If
they
sit
down
in
the
middle
of
the
road,people　10 drive
around
them!Do
you
think
it's
interesting
1. wild 　2. has 　3. life 　4. trees 　5. carry
6. well 　7. Another 　8. so 　9. to
control 　10. usually
一、单句填空
1.(2019河南郑州外国语中学一模)—I
didn't
pass
the
math
test.
I
think
I
have
spent
too
much
time
playing
computer
games
recently.
—I
agree.
You
mustn't
play
like
that
any
more.
2.(2019河南省实验中学一模)—I
don't
mind
giving
you
a
detailed
explanation
of
what
happened
that
day.
—You
needn't .
I'm
not
asking
you
for
it.
3.(2019河南新乡一模)—I
wonder
where
Tom
is.
模拟题组
—I
am
not
sure.
He
might
be
in
the
library.
4.(2019河南洛阳一模)Once
you
have
a
plan,
you
should
take
action
to
achieve
it.
Or
you
will
surely
regret
it.
5.(2019河南开封一模)—Is
the
lady
in
red
Mrs.
Li
—No.
It
can't
be
Mrs.Li.She
doesn't
like
red
at
all.
6.(2019河南焦作一模)—Must
I
go
to
a
medical
school
and
be
a
doctor
like
you,
Dad
—No,
you
needn't ,
son.
You're
free
to
make
your
own
decision.
7.(2019河南平顶山一模)—Look!
The
woman
out
of
the
classroom
must
be
our
head
teacher.
She
is
always
standing
there
every
morning.
—No,
it
can't
be
her.
I
saw
her
drive
away
just
now.
8.(2019河南商丘一模)John,
look
at
the
time.
Must
you
play
the
piano
at
such
a
late
hour
9.(2019河大附中一模)—We've
prepared
all
kinds
of
foods
for
the
picnic.
—Do
you
mean
I
needn't
bring
anything
10.(2018河南郑州二模)—Have
you
decided
where
to
go
for
your
summer
vaca-
tion
—Not
yet.
We
may
go
to
Mount
Yuntai.
It
is
a
cool
place
for
vacation.
11.(2019河南百校联盟大联考)—May
I
watch
TV
for
a
while,
Dad
—When
your
homework
is
finished,
you
can .
12.(2018河南开封一模)—Dear
daughter,
it's
midnight!
Why
stay
up
so
late
—I'd
like
to
go
to
bed
earlier,
but
the
test
paper
must
be
handed
in
tomorrow
morning.
13.(2018河南新乡一模)—Have
you
ever
heard
of
an
old
saying
“The
fragrance
(香气)
always
remains
in
the
hand
that
gives
the
rose.”
—Yes.
So
we
should
try
to
help
others.
14.(2018河南安阳一模)—Can
teens
under
the
age
of
16
drive
a
car
—No,
according
to
the
law,
they
mustn't .
15.(2018河南郑州一模)Although
looking
after
kids
may
sound
like
a
simple
job,
great
care
is
still
needed.
16.(2018河南商丘一模)—How
is
your
friend
coming
—I'm
not
sure.
He
may
drive
here.
17.(2018河南平顶山一模)— Must
I
go
to
the
office
at
once
—No,
I
don't
think
you
have
to .
18.(2018河南信阳一模)—Must
I
finish
my
homework
now
—No,
you
needn't .
You
may
do
it
this
evening.
二、语篇填空
(2020河南中考原创)
阅读短文,根据语篇要求填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。
My
mother
is
a
doctor.
She
is
so
busy
　1
she
isn't
able
to
get
back
home
on
time
every
day.
And
she
has
to
work
on
weekends
sometimes.
So
it's
hard
for
her
to
do
all
the
chores
after
work.
As
a
member
of
the
family,
I
think
it's
my
duty
to
share
some
housework.
　2
Mother
always
says
she
doesn't
need
any
help,
there
are
always
things
I
can
do.
For
example,
I
can
help
take
out
the
rubbish
and
wash
the
dishes.
I'm
sure
I
can
do
　3
well.
What's
more,
I'm
trying
to
be
independent.
I
wash
my
own
clothes,
tidy
up
my
bedroom
and
deal
with
my
things.
I'm
old
enough
to
do
these
things.
And
I
can't
depend
　4
my
parents
forever.
I
think
my
mom
is
the
first
person
I
should
thank.
So
show
your
thanks
to
your
mom
for
everything
she
did.
Try
your
best
to
help
her.
I
believe
she
will
feel
happy.
Try
　5
now.
1. that 　2. Though 　3. them 　4. on 　5. it (共28张PPT)
专题十　动词的被动语态
考点一　一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态
考点突破
考点二　含有情态动词的被动语态
考点一　一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态
考点突破
一、被动语态的基本结构:be+动词的过去分词
二、被动语态的用法
在被动语态中,主语是动作的承受者,主要用于下列几种情况:
1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。如:
This
watch
is
made
in
China.这块手表是在中国制造的。
2.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如:
More
trees
must
be
planted
every
year.
每年都必须种更多的树。
3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。如:
Chinese
is
spoken
by
more
and
more
people
in
the
world.
世界上越来越多的人在说汉语。
4.动作的发出者不是人而是物时。如:
Many
houses
were
washed
away
by
the
flood.
许多房屋被洪水冲走了。
三、主动语态和被动语态的转化
1.主动语态变为被动语态
(1)要将主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语,若主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要
将宾格变成主格。
(2)把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语,主格代词变成宾格代词,并由by引
导。
(3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。如:
我们让他唱了首英文歌。
We
asked
him
to
sing
an
English
song.
He
was
asked
to
sing
an
English
song
by
us.
2.带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态
谓语动词带双宾语时,既可以将间接宾语转化成主语,也可以将直接宾语转化成
主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语,则保留直接宾语;若将直接宾语转化成主语,
则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。如:
She
gave
me
a
book.(变为被动语态)
I
was
given
a
book
by
her.(间接宾语me改为主语)
A
book
was
given
to
me
by
her.(直接宾语a
book改为主语)
3.动词短语变为被动语态
许多由不及物动词构成的动词短语,相当于及物动词,可以有宾语,也可以有被
动语态。注意:动词短语是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉
构成动词短语的介词或副词。如:
We
should
take
good
care
of
the
children.
The
children
should
be
taken
good
care
of.(of不可省略)
4.带复合宾语的动词变为被动句
宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动句
的主语,宾语补足语保留在原处,成为主语补足语。如:
I
saw
some
boys
playing
football
in
the
playground.
Some
boys
were
seen
playing
football
in
the
playground.
5.被动语态后动词形式的选择
主动句中的感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice等和使役动词let,make,have等后
跟省略to的动词不定式,变为被动句时,应加上动词不定式符号to。如:
We
often
hear
the
girl
sing
in
her
room
in
the
evening.
The
girl
is
often
heard
to
sing
in
her
room
in
the
evening.
四、主动语态表示被动意义
1.open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,burn,drive等词作不及物动词且它们的
主语为物时,可用主动语态表示被动意义。如:
This
pen
writes
very
smoothly.
这支钢笔写起来很流畅。
This
sweater
washes
well.
这件毛衣很耐洗。
2.look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。如:
School
uniforms
look
good
on
us.我们穿着校服很好看。
Dinner
smells
good.
饭菜闻起来很香。
3.be
worth
doing是主动形式表示被动意义。如:
This
film
is
worth
seeing.这部电影值得一看。
4.“want/need/require+doing”相当于“want/need/require+to
be
done”。如:
My
bike
needs
repairing.=My
bike
needs
to
be
repaired.
我的自行车需要修理了。
时态
主动语态
被动语态
例句
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
do/does
am/is/are+done
We
clean
the
classroom.
The
classroom
is
cleaned
by
us.
一般过去时
did
was/were+done
He
made
the
kite.
The
kite
was
made
by
him.
现在进行时
am/is/are+doing
am/is/are+being
done
She
is
watering
the
flowers.
The
flowers
arebeing
watered
by
her.
现在完成时
have/has+done
have/has+been
done
Jim
hasfinished
the
work.
The
work
has
been
finished
by
Jim.
一般将来时
will/shall/be
going
to+do
will/shall/be
going
to+be
done
They
will
plant
trees
tomorrow.
Trees
will
be
planted
bythem
tomorrow.
五、各种时态的被动语态
过去进
行时
was/were+doing
was/were+
being
done
She
was
writing
a
letter
this
time
yesterday.
A
letter
was
being
written
by
her
this
time
yesterday.
过去完
成时
had+done
had+been
done
Jim
had
finished
the
work
by
last
week.
The
work
had
been
finished
by
Jim
by
last
week.
过去将
来时
would/be
going
to
+do
would/be
going
to+be
done
He
said
he
would
make
a
kite.
He
said
a
kite
would
be
made
by
him.
考点二　含有情态动词的被动语态
含情态动词的被动语态的构成
1.肯定句式:主语+情态动词+be+过去分词。如:
He
can
be
found
by
me.他会被我找到的。
2.否定句式:主语+情态动词+not+be+过去分词。如:
Anything
here
can't
be
taken.
这里的任何东西都不能被带走。
注意:含情态动词的被动语态变为一般疑问句时,应将情态动词移至句首。如:
Can
it
be
done
by
Li
Ming
这件事可能是李明做的吗
一、单句填空
1.(2019河南)—Where
is
your
book
report Did
your
dog
eat
it
again
—No,
it
was
almost
finished (finish),
and
then
my
computer
just
died
on
me!
2.(2019北京)My
advice
on
how
to
save
paper
was
accepted
by
my
class
last
Monday.
3.(2019天津)The
Hong
Kong-Zhuhai-Macao
Bridge
completed
(complete)
in
2018.
We
are
proud
of
it.
中考题组
4.(2019江苏南京)The
China
International
Search
and
Rescue
Team
has
brought
help
and
hope
to
people
in
disasters
around
the
world
since
it
was
set
up
18
years
ago.
5.(2019安徽)The
villagers
expect
that
the
building
of
the
bridge
will
be
com-
pleted
before
the
rainy
season
comes.
6.(2019江西)Gina
went
to
the
doctor's
yesterday
and
she
was
told (tell)
about
the
importance
of
good
living
habits
once
more.
7.(2019广东)It
is
said
that
one
Greater
Bay
Area
university
will
be
built
in
Guangdong
in
the
future.
8.(2019福建)As
one
of
the
most
exciting
sports,
volleyball
was
included (in-
clude)
in
the
Olympic
Games
in
1964.
9.(2019河北)These
cakes
are
filled
with
chocolate.
Have
one,
please.
10.(2019四川成都)Unluckily,
Notre
Dame
de
Paris(巴黎圣母院)
was
burnt
(burn)
this
April.
We
felt
so
sad
for
that.
11.(2019吉林)The
environment
in
my
hometown
is
improving
because
many
trees
are
planted
every
year.
12.(2019湖北襄阳)—I
enjoy
walking
on
the
clean
streets
in
the
morning.
—You
know
they
are
cleaned (clean)
by
the
hard-working
cleaners
every
day.
13.(2019海南)China
plans
to
send
another
spaceship
into
space.
—Wow!
More
and
more
secrets
will
be
discovered
soon.
14.(2019湖南长沙)—Perfect
photos!
Good
skills!
—Thank
you.
They
were
taken (take)
by
my
Huawei
mobile
phone.
In
fact,
I
am
not
skillful
at
all.
15.(2018北京)A
new
international
airport
will
be
completed
in
the
city
next
year.
16.(2018天津)Dr
Bethune
is
still
remembered (remember)
in
both
China
and
Canada
today.
17.(2018江苏南京)—Simon,
do
you
know
who
invented
the
kite
—Sure!
It
was
invented
by
Mozi
over
2,000
years
ago.
18.(2018河北)Look
at
the
picture.
The
top
five
TV
plays
are
listed
in
it.
19.(2018安徽)The
weatherman
says
a
rain
shower
is
expected
this
afternoon
in
the
south.
20.(2018广东)Many
shops
in
China
were
ordered
to
shut
down
as
a
new
law
against
ivory(象牙)trade
came
into
effect
on
January
1st,
2018.
21.(2018新疆乌鲁木齐)—Can
you
go
to
the
movies
with
me
tonight
—I
have
to
ask
my
mum.
If
I
am
allowed,
I
will
go
with
you.
22.(2018辽宁沈阳)There
will
be
fewer
workers
in
factories
because
most
work
will
be
done
by
robots
in
the
future.
23.(2017河南)—Why
are
you
leaving
your
job
—I
can't
stand
it
any
longer.
I
am
always
asked (ask)
to
work
overtime.
二、语篇填空
(2020河南中考预测)
阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文意思通顺、完
整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。
hardly,America,they,for,teach,hate,value,die,easy,knowledge
Americans
think
much
about
time.
From
childhood
they
learn
to
　1
time.
They
are
　2
to
be
on
time
to
go
to
school,
to
work
and
to
do
everything.
When
they
are
having
a
good
time,
they
say
that
time
goes
　3 .
When
a
person
is
　4 ,
they
say
he
is
living
on
a
borrowed
time.
Time
is
money.
Time
is
　5 .
Time
is
everything
in
America.
A
working
　6
has
to
work
hard
for
eight
hours
a
day
or
forty
hours
a
week.
This
is
the
working
time.
In
his
free
time,
he
also
works
hard
　7
more
money.
Even
on
Saturday
and
Sunday
he
also
works
hard
as
usual.
In
the
street
you
can
　8
see
a
man
walking
slowly.
They
walk
very
fast.
In
fact,
they
are
running.
They
love
time
because
time
can
bring
　9 money
and
lots
of
things.
But
some-
times
they
also
　10
time,
because
they
feel
they
have
become
servants(仆人)
of
the
clock.
1. value 　2. taught 　3. easily 　4. dying 　5. knowledge
6. American 　7. for 　8. hardly 　9. them 　10. hate
一、单句填空
1.(2019河南郑州一模)—The
winter
vacation
is
coming.
I
am
so
happy,
Mum!
—Not
me!
I
will
be
driven
mad
by
you
in
the
winter
vacation.
2.(2019河南郑州外国语中学一模)It's
said
in
the
newspaper
that
215
more
new
schools
will
be
built (build)
in
Zhengzhou
by
2020.
3.(2019河南省实验中学一模)—Do
you
know
when
we
will
leave
for
Hong
Kong
—I'm
not
sure.
I'll
tell
you
when
the
time
is
fixed.
4.(2019河南洛阳一模)Some
small
gifts
and
candies
were
given
to
me
on
my
模拟题组
first
school
day
last
week.
5.(2019河南安阳一模)Since
Bob
was
made (make)
president
of
the
club,
he's
been
on
his
high
horse.
makes/made/is
made/
6.(2019河南平顶山一模)—Why
did
your
school
win
the
basketball
game
—Because
basketball
is
played
as
an
after-school
activity
in
our
school
this
term.
We
play
it
every
day.
7.(2019河南商丘一模)Mrs.
Green
would
like
to
buy
that
shirt
because
she
was
told
that
it
was
comfortable.
8.(2019河大附中一模)—Mom,may
I
see
the
movie
The
Wandering
Earth
this
weekend I
don't
want
to
miss
it.
—Sure,if
your
homework
is
finished.
9.(2019中原名校中考第一次大联考)If
you
are
happy,share
your
feeling
with
oth-
ers,
and
then
your
happiness
will
be
doubled.
10.(2019中原名校中考第二次大联考)During
the
Spring
Festival,our
city
looked
more
beautiful
because
a
lot
of
red
lanterns
were
hung (hang)
along
either
side
of
the
street.
11.(2019河南省实验中学二模)—Does
your
mother
like
Yu
Opera
—Yes,
very
much.
And
now
it
is
enjoyed
by
all
my
family
members.
12.(2018河南开封一模)More
schools
in
our
city
will
be
built
to
provide
chil-
dren
with
better
education
in
a
few
years.
13.(2018河南安阳一模)—Xi
Jinping
is
regarded
as
one
of
the
greatest
leaders
in
the
world
nowadays.
—I'm
sure
Xi
Dada
will
lead
us
to
achieve
our
Chinese
Dream.
14.(2018河南许昌一模)—I
am
afraid
that
I
can't
finish
the
task
successfully.
—Don't
worry.
You
will
be
given (give)
plenty
of
time
to
do
it.
15.(2018河南焦作一模)—Do
you
like
the
two
poems
—Yes.
But
one
of
them
was
written (write)
by
a
computer.
Can
you
find
it
16.(2018河南郑州一模)Nowadays,
high-speed
trains,
Alipay,
shared
bicycles
and
online
shopping
are
called
the
New
Four
Great
Inventions
in
China.
17.(2018河南洛阳二模)—I
want
to
work
in
the
countryside
when
I
graduate
from
the
college.
—Me,
too.
Teachers
are
needed
very
much.
18.(2018河南开封二模)As
long
as
you
try
your
best
to
practice,
your
dream
of
be-
ing
our
school's
best
basketball
player
will
be
achieved.
19.(2018河南安阳二模)—Mum,
can
I
eat
the
hamburger
—Sure,
if
the
dishes
are
washed.
二、语篇填空
(2020河南中考原创)
阅读短文,根据语篇要求填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。
What
will
my
life
be
like
in
the
future
　1
you
thought
about
this
question
In
my
opinion,
it's
really
interesting
to
talk
about
my
own
future.
In
the
future,
I
think
I'll
work　2 a
writer.I'll
write
many
articles
and
books
about
Chinese
culture.
Maybe
I'll
be
like
my
favourite
writer,
Yu
Qiuyu.
If
I
be-
come
a
writer,
I
will
probably
live
in
Xi'an,
Nanjing
or
Hangzhou.
I
like
these
places
　3
they
are
all
nice
cities
with
a
long
history
and
delicious
food.
I
have
quite
a
few
old
friends
in
the
cities,
too.
I'll
live
in
a
house
by
the
lake.
My
house
will
be
big
enough
　4
store
many
books.
I'll
keep
a
pet
dog,
which
will
make
me
happy.
And
I'll
walk
him
in
the
quiet
neighborhood.
I
hope
my
life
in
the
future
will
be
wonderful
and
happy.
Most
of
us
will
only
be
alive
for
90
years
at
most,
so
we
must
cherish(爱惜)every
moment.
Everyone's
dreams
can
come
true
as
long
as
we
try
our
　5 .
1. Have 　2. as 　3. because 　4. to 　5. best (共47张PPT)
专题十三　简单句(陈述句、感叹句、疑问句、祈使句)
考点一　陈述句及疑问句
考点突破
考点二　祈使句及感叹句
考点一　陈述句及疑问句
考点突破
陈述句
陈述句用来陈述一件事或表达一种看法,有肯定和否定两种形式,句末通常用句
号,读降调。
一、陈述句的肯定式
结构:主语+谓语+其他。如:
That
boy
often
helps
others.那个男孩经常帮助别人。
I
went
to
the
cinema
yesterday.昨天我去看电影了。
二、陈述句的否定式
1.be的否定式
(1)be用作系动词时,陈述句结构为:主语+be+not+表语+其他。如:
She
is
not
a
teacher.她不是一个老师。
(2)be用作助动词,用于be
doing/be
going
to
do/be
done等时态或被动语态中,陈述
句结构为:主语+be+not+动词的现在分词或过去分词+其他。如:
Jim
isn't
playing
football.吉姆没在踢足球。
The
sweater
isn't
made
of
wool.这件毛衣不是羊毛做的。
2.助动词、情态动词的否定式
Man
can't
live
without
water.没有水人类不能生存。
3.除not外,其他否定词也可以构成否定句
(1)用no表示,no=not
any/a(n)。如:
He
has
no
sisters.=He
doesn't
have
any
sisters.
他没有姐妹。
(2)never绝不,从来不。如:
I
have
never
seen
such
a
man.我从没见过这样的人。
(3)little,few几乎没有。如:
There
are
few
students
in
the
classroom.
教室里几乎没有学生。
(4)no
one/nobody
没有人。如:
No
one/Nobody
is
interested
in
the
book.
没有人对这本书感兴趣。
(5)nothing什么也没有。如:
There
is
nothing
wrong
with
you.你什么问题也没有。
(6)neither
of...没有一个(用于表示两者都不);none
of...一点儿也没有,一个也没
有(用来全面否定三个或三个以上的人或物)。如:
Neither
of
them
has
ever
been
to
Beijing.
他们两个都没有去过北京。
(7)seldom
很少,hardly
几乎不。如:
I
seldom
go
to
hospital.我很少去医院。
I
can
hardly
say
a
word.我几乎不能说一句话。
(8)too...to...太……以至于不能……。如:
He
comes
too
late
to
catch
the
bus.
他来得太晚了以至于不能赶上公共汽车了。
疑问句
用于提问的句子叫疑问句,句末用问号。疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问
句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
一、一般疑问句
一般疑问句表示询问事物或某种情况是否属实,需要对方给予肯定回答(yes)或
否定回答(no),读时用升调,它的基本结构为:①be动词+主语+其他 ②助动词(或
情态动词)+主语+谓语+其他 使用一般疑问句时应特别注意问句与答句在人
称、数和时态上的一致。
对一般疑问句作肯定回答时,通常是:Yes,主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词;作否定
回答时,通常是:No,主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词+not。如:
—Are
you
a
doctor 你是医生吗
—Yes,I
am.是的,我是。/—No,I'm
not.不,我不是。
—Do
you
like
playing
football 你喜欢踢足球吗
—Yes,I
do.是的,我喜欢。/—No,I
don't.不,我不喜欢。
注意:一般疑问句通常是怎么问怎么答,即用什么词提问,就用什么词回答,但在
下列情况中例外。
1.用其他词语代替yes或no来回答,从而使语气变得客气、委婉。如:
—Can
you
come
and
go
to
the
park
with
me
——你能来和我一起去公园吗
—I'm
afraid
not.I
have
a
lot
of
work
to
do.
——恐怕不行,我有很多工作要做。
2.否定的一般疑问句通常是以be动词、情态动词或助动词与not的缩略形式开
头,往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气。如:
—Don't
you
hear
of
that (表示惊讶)你没有听说过那件事吗
—Yes,I
do.不,我听说过。/—No,I
don't.是的,我没有听说过。
对否定的一般疑问句作简略回答时也用yes或no,但其汉语翻译与其原意正好相
反。
二、特殊疑问句
用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。回答时不能使用yes或no,读降调。
疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和疑问词组。
1.疑问代词:可以对主语、表语、宾语、定语提问,有what(对“物”提问),who
(对“人”提问),which(哪一个,哪一些),whose(谁的),whom(宾格“谁”)。如:
—Who
is
your
teacher 谁是你的老师
—Miss
Gao
is
my
teacher.高小姐是我的老师。
2.疑问副词:用于对状语提问,有when(何时),where(何地),why(为什么)和how(怎
么样)等。如:
—When
did
you
come
here 你是什么时候来到这儿的
—In
2005.在2005年。
3.疑问词组:how
soon,how
long,how
far,how
often等。如:
—How
soon
will
the
concert
begin 再过多久音乐会就开始了
—In
twenty
minutes.再过二十分钟。
—How
long
have
you
lived
here 你住在这里多长时间了
—For
five
years.五年了。
—How
often
do
you
have
an
English
party 你们多久举行一次英语聚会
—Once
a
month.一个月一次。
—How
far
do
you
live
from
your
school 你住的地方离学校有多远
—About
ten
minutes'
walk.步行大约十分钟。
4.否定的特殊疑问句一般含有劝告、建议、责备等意味。如:
Why
don't
you
go
to
the
zoo
=Why
not
go
to
the
zoo
为什么不去动物园呢
三、选择疑问句
提出两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方选择一种情况回答的问句叫选择疑问
句。选择疑问句中的两种或两种以上的情况用or连接,回答时不能使用yes或no,
而要用一个完整的句子或其省略形式。语调一般是前升后降。选择疑问句可
以分为一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句两种。
1.一般选择疑问句:一般疑问句+or+被选择部分 如:
—Do
you
like
apples
or
pears 你喜欢苹果还是梨
—I
like
pears.我喜欢梨。
2.特殊选择疑问句:特殊疑问句,A
or
B 如:
—Which
do
you
like
better,tea
or
coffee
—I
would
prefer
coffee.
——你更喜欢什么,茶还是咖啡
——我更喜欢咖啡。
四、反意疑问句
反意疑问部分是附在陈述部分之后,对陈述部分所说的事实或观点提出疑问的
句子。反意疑问部分要与前面的陈述部分用逗号隔开,句末用问号。如果陈述
部分是肯定结构,反意疑问部分就用否定结构,反之亦然。反意疑问句可用yes
或no来回答。反意疑问部分的主语要用代词,并与陈述部分的主语一致,谓语动
词在人称、数和时态上也要与陈述部分一致。
反意疑问句的重点是反意疑问部分的主语和谓语这两部分,因此对此知识点的
命题重点就是反意疑问部分主语和谓语的确定,这是此考点命题的基本指导思
想。不过,由于对反意疑问句作出回答的特殊性及易错性,考查反意疑问句的回
答方式也常会出现在中考英语试卷中,而且由于对反意疑问句作回答与语境或
情景联系较大,所以此考查方式越来越受到命题人的青睐。
1.反意疑问部分主语及谓语的确定
反意疑问部分主语与谓语的确定应以陈述部分的主语和谓语为依据,尤其要注
意一些特殊的情况;同时,反意疑问部分的主语一般应用人称代词,而动词若为
否定形式则一般应用缩略形式。
(1)陈述部分含有never,few,little,nothing,nobody,no,hardly,none等表示否定意义
的词时,其反意疑问部分应用肯定形式。如:
There
are
few
people
in
the
room,are
there
房间里几乎没有人,是吗
(2)陈述部分是“There
be”结构时,反意疑问部分用“be
there”。如:
There
is
a
tree
in
front
of
the
building,isn't
there
大楼前面有一棵树,是吗
(3)当陈述部分的主语为指事或物的不定代词something,anything,everything等
时,反意疑问部分的主语应用it。如:
Something
is
wrong
with
your
computer,isn't
it
你的电脑出毛病了,是吗
(4)当陈述部分的主语为指人的不定代词somebody,anybody,everybody等时,反意
疑问部分的主语可用he或they,但不可用it。如:
Somebody
wants
to
see
you,doesn't
he(don't
they)
有人要见你,是吗
(5)当陈述部分的主语为this,that等时,反意疑问部分的主语应用it。类似地,当陈
述部分的主语为these,those等时,反意疑问部分的主语应用they。同时,陈述部分
为肯定形式时,反意疑问部分应用否定形式,反之亦然。如:
This
is
a
beautiful
picture,isn't
it
这是一幅美丽的画,是吗
Those
aren't
your
books,are
they
那些不是你的书,是吗
(6)当陈述部分动词为have/has/had时有下列几种情况:
①have在一般现在时中表示“有”之意,反意疑问部分的谓语可用have也可用
助动词do。如:
Tom
has
a
new
watch,hasn't/doesn't
he
汤姆有块新手表,是吗
②have
to表示“不得不”“必须”之意时,反意疑问部分的谓语应用助动词
do。如:
Kate
has
to
help
her
mother
at
home,doesn't
she
凯特不得不在家帮她的妈妈,是吗
③have表示“吃、喝、玩、度过”等意思时,其反意疑问部分的谓语应用助动
词do。如:
They
had
a
good
time
in
Beijing,didn't
they
他们在北京玩得很愉快,是吗
④had
better表示“最好”之意,当其用在陈述部分时,反意疑问部分的谓语应用
had。如:
We'd
better
stop
talking,hadn't
we
我们最好停止说话,好吗
⑤have/has用在现在完成时中,其反意疑问部分的谓语应用助动词have/has。如:
Lucy
has
ever
been
to
Japan,hasn't
she
露西曾经去过日本,是吗
(7)当陈述部分含有need时,如果need用作行为动词,则反意疑问部分的谓语应用
助动词do;如果need用作情态动词,则反意疑问部分的谓语应用need。如:
We
need
to
arrive
in
Shanghai
at
7:00,don't
we
我们需要在七点到达上海,是吗
We
needn't
leave
at
once,need
we
我们不必马上离开,是吗
(8)当陈述部分含有情态动词must时,有下列几种情况:
①must表示“必须”之意,反意疑问部分的谓语否定式用needn't。如:
They
must
come
on
time,needn't
they
他们必须准时到,是吗
②must表示推测,意为“一定”时,反意疑问部分谓语动词的确定应根据must后
面的动词来确定。如:
That
man
must
be
Mr.Wang,isn't
he
那个人一定是王先生,是吗
(9)当陈述部分为I
am形式时,反意疑问部分应该用aren't
I。
I'm
right,aren't
I 我是对的,是吗
(10)肯定的祈使句的反意疑问部分可以用will
you或won't
you,否定的祈使句的
反意疑问部分用will
you。如:
Listen
to
me
carefully,will/won't
you
仔细听我说,好吗
Don't
play
with
fire,will
you
不要玩火,好吗
(11)以let's开头的祈使句,反意疑问部分应用shall
we;以let
us开头的祈使句,反
意疑问部分应用will
you。如:
Let's
go
to
the
park,shall
we 咱们去公园,好吗
Let
us
help
you,will
you 让我们来帮你,好吗
(12)陈述部分若为主从复合句,反意疑问部分的主语通常与主句的主语一致。
如:
She
said
he
would
come
tomorrow,didn't
she
她说他明天会来,是吗
注意:若主句的主语是第一人称I/we,其谓语动词又是think,suppose,expect,be-
lieve,imagine等,则反意疑问部分的主语和谓语一般应与从句一致。(应特别注
意否定的转移)如:
I
think
he
is
a
good
student,isn't
he
我认为他是一个好学生,是吗
We
don't
think
you
are
right,are
you
我们认为你是错的,是吗
2.反意疑问句的答语
对反意疑问句作回答时,如果答案是肯定的,则用yes,后跟肯定形式的简略回答
方式;若答案是否定的,则用no,后跟否定形式的简略回答方式。其回答方式与
一般疑问句的回答方式完全一致。
特别注意有时要根据具体的语境确定应用肯定形式还是否定形式来回答。如:
—Lucy
skates
very
well,doesn't
she
——露西滑冰滑得非常好,是吗
—Yes,she
does.
——是的,她滑得很好。
—They
don't
like
the
house,do
they
——他们不喜欢这套房子,是吗
—No,they
don't.
——是的,他们不喜欢。
考点二　祈使句及感叹句
祈使句
一、祈使句的结构及用法
祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。主语通常被省略,谓语动词用原形,句
末用感叹号或句号,读降调。
1.肯定的祈使句
(1)句型:以动词原形开头(省略主语)。如:
Come
in!进来!
Be
quiet!安静!
(2)有时为了加强语气,可以在动词之前加上do,表示“务必,一定”。如:
Do
come
on
time!一定要准时来!
Do
look
out!一定要小心!
2.否定的祈使句
(1)Don't+动词原形。如:
Don't
be
late.不要迟到。
(2)Let's+not+动词原形。如:
Let's
not
speak
loudly.
我们不要大声说话。
二、祈使句中一些需要注意的情况
1.有时为了表示委婉的语气,可在句首或句尾加上please,但please加在句尾时,前
面要用逗号隔开。如:
Please
sit
down.请坐。
Stand
up,please.请起立。
2.在意思较为明显的情况下,可把谓语动词省去。如:
This
way,please.请这边走。
3.有时为了明确地向对方提出请求或发出命令,可加称呼,但称呼要与句子隔
开。如:
Turn
off
the
light,Jim.吉姆,关灯。
4.某些名词、形容词或副词等后面加感叹号,也可作为祈使句使用。如:
Hands
up!举起手来!
Taxi!出租车!
感叹句
感叹句是用来表达人的特殊情感的句子,可以表达人的喜、怒、哀、乐等情
感。感叹句可以是一个单词、一个不定式、一个由短语构成的独立句,也可以
是由what或how引导的句子,句末常用“!”。
一、what引导的感叹句
1.What+a/an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语!如:
What
a
beautiful
girl
she
is!她是一个多么漂亮的女孩呀!
2.What+形容词+可数名词的复数形式+主语+谓语!如:
What
important
jobs
they
have
done!
他们做了多么重要的工作呀!
3.What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!如:
What
sweet
water
it
is!多么甜的水呀!
二、how引导的感叹句
1.How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语!如:
How
interesting
the
dog
is!多么有趣的狗呀!
2.How+形容词+a/an+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语!如:
How
useful
a
subject
it
is!多么有用的一门学科呀!
3.How+主语+谓语!如:
How
time
flies!时间过得真快呀!
三、一些特殊形式
1.在陈述句、祈使句或疑问句句尾加感叹号变成感叹句,表示某种强烈的感
情。如:
He
runs
so
fast!他跑得真快呀!
Do
read
it
carefully!一定要仔细阅读!
2.用一个词或词组表达强烈感情的句子也是感叹句。如:
Wonderful!好极了!　Look
out!小心!
Great!太棒了!
3.以there,here等副词开头的感叹句。如:
There
she
is!她在那儿!
There
goes
the
bell!铃响了!
四、如何判断用what还是用how来引导感叹句
方法一:凡是有a,an开头的,多用what;
方法二:凡是形容词直接加名词的,多用what;
方法三:其他一般用how。
一、单句填空
1.(2019北京)—Excuse
me,
how
much
is
this
T-shirt
—It's
88
yuan.
2.(2019江苏南京)— When
will
the
Jinniu
Lake
Animal
Kingdom
be
open
—Maybe
in
the
second
half
of
this
year.
3.(2019广东) How
smart
the
driverless
car
is!I
really
want
to
have
one.
4.(2019福建)—How
long
is
the
Hong
Kong-Zhuhai-Macao
Bridge
—55
kilometers.
中考题组
5.(2019新疆)—All
of
my
classmates
have
passed
the
English
test.
— How
exciting
the
news
is!
6.(2019吉林)—How
often
do
you
eat
out,
Molly
—Once
a
month.
7.(2019贵州铜仁)—The
Belt
and
Road(一带一路)
has
improved
the
trade
between
China
and
other
countries.
—So
it
has.
What
exciting
news
for
people
all
over
the
world!
8.(2019甘肃兰州)—How
far
is
it
from
Lanzhou
to
Lhasa
—It's
about
2,160
kilometers.
9.(2019山东青岛) What
special
classes
we
had!
We
have
learned
a
lot
about
paper
cutting.
10.(2019海南)— What
a
hard-working
boy
Zhou
Bin
is!
—Yes.
I'm
sure
he'll
pass
the
test.
11.(2019内蒙古呼和浩特) Send (send)
me
an
email
before
you
come
to
Ho-
hhot,
and
I'll
meet
you
at
the
train
station.
12.(2019湖南长沙) What
fun
it
is
to
have
a
field
trip
on
the
Orange
Island!
13.(2018河南) Treat (treat)
everyone
with
politeness
even
those
who
are
very
rude
to
you,
not
because
they
are
nice,
but
because
you
are.
14.(2018北京)— How
do
you
usually
go
to
school,
Mary
—By
bike.
15.(2018上海)Please
put (put)
the
rubbish
into
different
litter
bins
according
to
the
signs.
16.(2018江苏南京)—How
far
is
it
from
the
Children's
Palace
to
Nanjing
South
Railway
Station,
Tom
—About
10
minutes'
ride
by
bus.
17.(2018湖南长沙)—Mom,
I
bought
us
two
tickets
to
the
2018
World
Cup
in
Rus-
sia.
—Really
What
a
pleasant
surprise!
18.(2018云南)— How
fast
China
is
developing!
—Yes,
we
are
so
lucky
to
live
in
such
a
great
country.
19.(2018福建)— What
does
Liu
Chuanjian
do
—He's
a
pilot
of
Sichuan
Airlines.
He's
a
hero!
二、语篇填空
阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完
整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。
that,way,poem,from,year,introduce,finish,easily,decide,reach
There
are
many
different
methods
for
studying
languages
and
learning
new
words.
One
man
has
come
up
with
his
own
　1
to
understand
the
meanings
of
words—
through
rhyming(押韵).
He
uses
words
　2
end
with
the
same
sound
or
a
similar
sound.
Chris
Strolin,
an
old
man
　3
America,
is
working
on
an
English
language
dic-
tionary
completely
made
up
of
limericks.
A
limerick
is
a
short
　4
that
has
five
lines
that
rhyme.
Strolin
says
the
idea
for
his
dictionary
started
out
as
a
joke
when
he
　5
it
to
some
of
his
language-loving
friends.
His
way
was
to
use
limericks.
In
2004,
he
　6
to
start
his
own
limerick
dictionary
online.
He
called
it
The
Om-
nificent
English
Dictionary
in
Limerick
Form.
He
started
out
with
a
limerick
expla-
nation
of
the
word
“a”.
From
there,
he
just
kept
going.
Since
the
work
is
not
　7 ,
Strolin
invited
others
to
help
come
up
with
and
add
their
own
limericks
to
the
dictionary.
So
far,
1,000
people
have
given
their
ideas.
To
date,
more
than
97,000
rhyming
definitions(释义)
have
been
created,
with
the
number
expected
to
　8
100,000
this
year.
The
dictionary
itself
will
be
growing
for
many
　9
to
come.
Strolin
said
his
dic-
tionary
would
not
be
fully
finished
until
2076.
He
said
he
hoped
his
grandchildren,
or
maybe
their
children,
would
take
over
the
work
and
　10
it.
1. way 　2. that 　3. from 　4. poem 　5. introduced
6. decided 　7. easy 　8. reach 　9. years 　10. finish
一、单句填空
1.(2019河南洛阳一模)Life
is
just
like
a
journey. Get (get)
started
whenever
you
decide
to
begin
your
journey.
2.(2019河南安阳一模) Stop (stop)
thinking
too
much.
It's
all
right
not
to
know
all
the
answers.
3.(2019河南商丘一模)Parents
are
taught
to
understand
how important
educa-
tion
is
to
their
children's
future.
4.(2019河南郑州二模)— What
a
beautiful
work
the
china
is!
模拟题组
—Yeah!
My
friend
bought
it
for
me
in
Jingdezhen
as
a
birthday
gift.
5.(2019河南安阳二模)—I
don't
think
I
can
make
it.
It's
too
difficult
for
me.
—Don't
worry.
Work (work)
hard,
and
your
dream
will
come
true
one
day.
6.(2019河南安阳二模) What
useful
information!
It
helps
us
find
the
correct
answers
in
a
short
time.
7.(2019河大附中一模)Do
you
want
to
be
healthy
Smile (smile).
Smiling
can
help
you
stay
healthy.
8.(2018河南开封一模)—Do
you
know
we'll
have
three
days
off
after
the
tests
in
May
— What
exciting
news!
9.(2018河南信阳一模)What
an
exciting
match
it
is!
I
haven't
seen
a
better
one
for
a
long
time.
10.(2018河南郑州一模)When
life
gives
you
a
hundred
reasons
to
cry,
show
(show)
life
that
you
have
a
thousand
reasons
to
smile.
11.(2018河南省实验中学一模) Find (find)
ways
to
get
on
well
with
your
classmates,
or
you'll
get
yourself
lonely.
12.(2018河南郑州外国语中学一模) Get (get)
a
good
rest
tonight,
and
you
will
be
at
your
best
tomorrow.
二、语篇填空
(2020河南中考原创)
阅读短文,根据语篇要求填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。
Last
night
I
had
two
dreams.
One
was
that
I
was
preparing
for
my
twentieth
birth-
day
party.
The
　1
was
a
bit
funnier
than
the
first
one.
I
dreamed
that
I
fell
in
love
with
a
girl
　2
sold
tomatoes
at
the
gate
of
my
school.
Did
you
dream
yes-
terday
In
fact,
everyone
dreams.
But
few
can
remember
all
their
dreams
clearly.
A
person
can
usually
have
up
to
seven
dreams
a
night
and
each
dream
lasts
from
10
to
40
minutes.
　3
do
people
dream
Scientists
believe
that
dreams
come
from
our
own
experi-
ences
in
our
daily
life
and
they
tell
us
a
lot
about
ourselves.
They
also
help
us
learn
from
the
past
and
even
help
us
to
find
an
answer
　4
a
question.
Different
dreams
mean
differently
to
people.
For
example,
if
you
dream
about
fly-
ing,
you
are
probably
quite
happy.
And
when
you
dream
that
you
are
too
late
for
a
test,
it
often
means
that
you
are
worried
about
an
important
thing
　5
will
come
in
your
life.
1. other 　2. who 　3. Why 　4. to 　5. that (共61张PPT)
专题十四　并列句和复合句
考点一　并列句
考点突破
并列句的构成及用法
并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中各简单句的地位同
等重要,相互之间是平行并列的关系。
1.构成:简单句+并列连词+简单句。
2.常见的用于连接两个简单句的并列连词有:and,
but,
or,
so,
for。
(1)and意为“和,并且”,表示顺延、并列关系。如:
Study
hard,
and
you'll
make
progress.
努力学习,你就会取得进步。
(2)but意为“但是”,表示转折关系。如:
I
like
the
story
very
much,
but
Li
Ming
isn't
interested
in
it.
我非常喜欢这个故事,可是李明却对它不感兴趣。
(3)or意为“或者”时,表示选择关系,意为“否则”时,有警告、提醒之意。如:
Hurry
up,
or
you'll
be
late.快点儿,否则你会迟到的。
(4)so意为“所以;因此;于是”,for意为“因为”,二者都表示因果关系。如:
He
got
up
late,
so
he
was
late
for
class.
他起晚了,所以他上课迟到了。
I
have
to
stay
up,
for
I
have
a
lot
of
work
to
do.
我不得不熬夜,因为我有许多工作要做。
3.“祈使句+and/or+简单句”是固定句型,此句型中的祈使句在意义上相当于一
个if引导的条件状语从句。如:
Hurry
up,
or
you'll
be
late.
=If
you
don't
hurry
up,
you'll
be
late.
快点儿,否则你会迟到的。
考点二　复合句——宾语从句
一、宾语从句的引导词及其作用
引导词
引导词的作用
例句
that
本身无意义,只起连接作用,口语中可省略
He
said(that)Kate
was
good
at
swimming.他说凯
特擅长游泳。
what,which,who,whose,
whom等
在从句中作一定的成分,如主语、宾语、定语等
I
don't
know
what
they
are
going
to
do.我不知
道他们打算干什么。
when(表时间),where(表
地点),why(表原因),how
(表方式)等
在从句中作状语
He
wants
to
know
where
we
will
go.他想知道我们要去什么地方。
He
explained
how
the
system
worked.他讲解了该系统是如何运转的。
　if/whether
意为“是否”,在从句中不作成分,但不能省略
He
asked
me
if
Miss
Wei
was
a
teacher.他问我
魏小姐是否是一名教师。
二、宾语从句中常见的问题
1.主句与从句时态一致的问题
(1)如果主句是现在的某种时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时),
那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如:
I
remember
he
gave
me
a
book
yesterday.
我记得他昨天给了我一本书。
He
has
told
me
that
he'll
leave
for
New
York
tomorrow.
他已经告诉我明天他就要动身去纽约了。
(2)如果主句是过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时),那么宾语从句
一般要用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去
完成时)。如:
He
told
me
that
he
would
take
part
in
the
high
jump.
他告诉我他将会参加跳高比赛。
He
asked
me
if
I
had
taken
his
soap.
他问我是否拿了他的肥皂。
(3)如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理,即使主句是一般过去时,从句也用一
般现在时。如:
He
told
me
that
the
earth
revolves
around
the
sun.(真理)
他告诉我地球绕着太阳转。
He
said
that
Yao
Ming
is
much
taller
than
him.(事实)
他说姚明比他高很多。
2.宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。在把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从
句的复合句时,要特别注意从句的语序,即按照主语+谓语的顺序。如:
What's
Kate's
e-mail
address Do
you
know
=Do
you
know
what
Kate's
e-mail
address
is
你知道凯特的电子邮件地址吗
注意:(1)如果复合句中宾语从句很长,那么可以用it作为形式宾语,以免句子头重
脚轻。如:
He
made
it
quite
clear
that
he
preferred
to
study
English.
他很明确地说他更愿意学习英语。
(2)在主从复合句中,当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语动词是think,
believe,
sup-
pose等时,要将从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定形式,而从
句的谓语动词用肯定形式。如:
I
don't
think
he
can
swim.我认为他不会游泳。
考点三　复合句——状语从句
　　状语从句由从属连词引导,与主句连接,位于句首时,常用逗号与主句分开,
位于句末时,其前一般不用逗号。状语从句根据其用途可分为时间状语从句、
条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从
句、地点状语从句等。
状语从句的分类
从句的引导词
例句
时间状
语从句
when/while/as(当……时),before(在……之前),after(在……之后),since(自从),not...until(直到……才),as
soon
as(一……就……)
I
was
doing
my
homework
when
my
father
came
in.当我爸爸进来的时候,我正在做作业。
He
did
not
go
to
bed
until
his
father
came
back.
直到他爸爸回来他才去睡觉。
条件状
语从句
if(如果),as
long
as(只要),unless(除非)
If
it
doesn‘t
rain
tomorrow,they
will
go
to
the
museum.如果明天不下雨,他们将会去博物馆。
Unless
bad
weather
stops
me,I
go
for
a
walk
ev-
ery
day.我每天都会去散步,除非遇上坏天气。
原因状
语从句
because(因为),since(既然),as(由于)
I
like
to
eat
apples
because
they
are
good
for
my
health.我喜欢吃苹果,因为苹果对我的健康有益。
Since
everyone
is
here,let's
begin
our
meeting.
既然每个人都在这里,让我们开始开会吧。
目的状
语从句
so
that(以便,为了),in
order
that(为了)
He
gets
up
early
every
morning
so
that
he
can
get
to
school
on
time.他每天早上都起得很早,以便
能准时到校。
结果状
语从句
so...that.../such...
that...(如此……以至于……)
It's
so
hot
that
nobody
wants
to
go
out.天气太
热,没人想出去。
让步状
语从句
though/although(尽管,虽然),even
if(即使),what-
ever(无论什么),wherever(无论哪里),whenever
(无论何时)
Wherever
you
go,I
will
go
with
you.无论你去哪
里,我都跟着你。
Whenever
you
come,I
will
wait
for
you.无论你
什么时候来,我都会等你。
地点状
语从句
where,wherever
Sit
wherever
you
like.随便坐。
1.时间状语从句
(1)when的用法
①when意为“当……时”,引导时间状语从句,表示主句的动作和从句的动作同
时或先后发生。如:
I
feel
very
happy
when
you
come
to
see
me.
你们来看我时,我感到很高兴。
When
you
are
crossing
the
street,you
must
be
careful.
你(们)过马路时,一定要小心。
②when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以用延续性动词,也可以用终止性动
词。如:
I
worked
for
a
foreign
company
when
I
was
in
Shanghai.
当我在上海时,我在一家外企工作。
(2)while的用法
while引导时间状语从句时常译为“与……同时,在……期间”。while引导的从
句常用延续性动词或表示状态的动词。
如:
They
rushed
in
while
we
were
discussing
problems.
当我们正在讨论问题时,他们冲了进来。
(3)as的用法
as引导时间状语从句时可以表达“正当,一边……一边,随着”等意思。如:
Helen
heard
the
story
as
she
washed
clothes.
海伦一边洗衣服一边听故事。
We
get
wiser
as
we
get
older.
我们随着年龄的增长而变得更聪明。
(4)before与after的用法
before表示“在……之前”,after表示“在……之后”。如:
I
will
always
work
hard
before
I
enter
Peking
University.
在我考入北京大学之前我将一直努力学习。
She
showed
me
many
beautiful
stamps
after
I
got
to
her
home.
我到达她家以后,她让我看了好多漂亮的邮票。
(5)until/till的用法
till/until都表示“直到……为止”,常可换用,但till不用于句首。not...until表示
“直到……才……”。如:
You
may
stay
here
until
the
rain
stops.
你可以待在这里直到雨停了为止。
He
didn't
go
to
bed
until
he
had
finished
his
work.
他直到完成工作才去睡觉。
　　(6)since的用法
since表示“自……以来”,在含有since引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,主句用
一般现在时或现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。如:
I
have
worked
in
this
company
since
I
graduated
from
Peking
University.
自从北京大学毕业后,我就一直在这家公司上班。
(7)as
soon
as的用法
在含有as
soon
as引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中,从句的动作一发生,主句
的动作随即发生,意为“一……就……”。as
soon
as引导的从句经常用一般现
在时表示将来。如:
As
soon
as
he
arrives,I'll
tell
him.
他一到,我就告诉他。
2.条件状语从句
(1)if的用法
含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句中,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。
如:
I'll
visit
the
Great
Wall
if
it
doesn't
rain
tomorrow.
如果明天不下雨,我将去游览长城。
(2)unless的用法
unless意为“除非,如果不”,相当于“if...not...”。
Unless
you
go
at
once,you
will
be
late.
如果你不马上走,你就会迟到的。
(3)as
long
as的用法
as
long
as意为“只要”。如:
As
long
as
we
show
our
love,the
world
will
be
full
of
happiness.
只要我们给予别人爱,世界将会充满幸福。
3.原因状语从句
(1)because的用法
表因果关系的语气最强,用来回答why的问句,所引出的原因往往是听话人所不
知道或最感兴趣的,because引导的原因状语从句往往比主句显得更重要。如:
I'm
leaving
because
I
am
fed
up
with
the
boss.
我要离开是因为我讨厌老板。
My
friends
admire
me
because
I
am
handsome
and
successful.
因为我帅气并且成功,所以我的朋友们羡慕我。
(2)since的用法
引出的原因往往是人们已知的事实,意为“既然”,通常放在句首。since引导的
从句是次要的,重点强调主句的内容。如:
Since
Monday
is
Bob's
birthday,let's
give
him
a
party.
既然星期一是鲍勃的生日,咱们给他举办一个聚会吧。
Since
everyone
is
here,let's
begin.
既然大家都来了,咱们开始吧。
(3)as的用法
as与since用法差不多,所引出的理由在说话人看来已经很明显,或已为听话人所
熟悉而不需要用because加以强调。as引导的从句与主句具有同等的重要性。
如:
She
didn't
hear
us
come
in
as
she
was
asleep.
她睡着了,所以她没听见我们进来。
(4)now(that)的用法
now(that)主要用于口语,表示微弱的原因,主、从句因果关系不明显,意为“既
然”。如:
Now(that)you
have
come,you
may
as
well
stay
here.
既然你已经来了,你最好留在这里。
4.目的状语从句
(1)引导目的状语从句的词或词组有so
that,in
order
that
等,谓语中常含有may,
might,can,could,will,would
等情态动词。如:
He
must
get
up
early
so
that
he
can
go
to
work
on
time.
他必须早点起床,以便能按时上班。
(2)当从句主语与主句主语一致时,可用so
as
to,in
order
to。如:
He
worked
day
and
night
in
order
that
he
could
succeed.
=He
worked
day
and
night
in
order
to
succeed.
他夜以继日地工作为的是取得成功。
5.结果状语从句
(1)由so...that...,such...that...引导。
so...that...与such...that...的区别:
当名词前面有many、much、little(少)、few修饰时,用so而不用such。如:
She
is
such
a
lovely
girl
that
we
love
her
very
much.
=She
is
so
lovely
a
girl
that
we
love
her
very
much.
她是一个如此可爱的女孩,以至于我们都很喜欢她。
We
have
so
much
time
that
we
can
finish
the
work
very
well.
我们有如此多的时间,以至于我们能很好地完成工作。
(2)so...that...句型的否定形式可用简单句too...to...或not...enough
to...代替。如:
He
is
so
young
that
he
can't
go
to
school.
=He
is
too
young
to
go
to
school.
=He
is
not
old
enough
to
go
to
school.
他太小了不能去上学。
6.让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句的连词有though/although(虽然),even
though/if(尽管),whoever
/no
matter
who(无论谁),however/no
matter
how(无论怎样),whatever/no
matter
what(无论什么)等。
(1)though/although的用法
although和though意义一样,都作“虽然,尽管”讲,都表示让步,一般情况下可互
换使用,只是although语气较重,大多置于句首。可以与yet连用,但不与but连
用。如:
They
are
generous
though
they
are
poor.
虽然他们很穷,但他们很慷慨。
Although
he
was
Japanese,he
spent
most
of
his
life
in
China.
尽管他是日本人,但他大多数时间是在中国度过的。
(2)even
though与even
if的用法
even
though与even
if都是“尽管,即使”的意思,表示语气更强的让步。如:
Even
though
he's
24
now,he's
still
like
a
little
child.
尽管他现在24岁了,但他仍然像个小孩子。
We'll
take
a
trip
even
if/even
though
the
weather
is
bad.
即使天气不好,我们也要去旅行。
(3)wh-ever类引导词的用法
在英语中wh-ever既可引导名词性从句,还可引导让步状语从句。引导让步状语
从句时常可换成“no
matter+相应的wh-词”,在引导名词性从句时只能用wh-
ever词。如:
Whenever
I'm
unhappy,it
is
my
friend
who
cheers
me
up.(=No
matter
when
I'm
unhappy,it
is
my
friend
who
cheers
me
up.)
不管什么时候我不高兴,总是我的朋友使我振作起来。
7.地点状语从句
(1)引导地点状语从句的从属连词有where和wherever,指具体地点时,从句可位
于主句之前或之后;表示抽象的含义时,从句需放在主句之前。如:
He
lives
where
the
climate
is
cool.他住在气候凉爽的地方。
Where
there
is
a
will,there
is
a
way.有志者,事竟成。
(2)注意区分where引导的状语从句与定语从句。如:
你最好在有问题的地方做一下标记。
You'd
better
make
a
mark
where
you
have
questions.(状语从句)
You'd
better
make
a
mark
at
the
place
where
you
have
questions.(定语从句)
注意:1.不能同时出现在一个句子中的连词
(1)because因为,引导原因状语从句,so所以,用于并列句,不能同时出现在一个句
子里,只能用其一。如:
Because
he
was
tired,he
couldn't
walk
here.
=He
was
tired,so
he
couldn't
walk
here.
因为他累了,所以他不能走到这儿了。
(2)though/although虽然,引导让步状语从句,but但是,用于并列句,不能同时出现
在一个句子里,只能用其一。但though/although和yet
可以同时出现在一个句子
里(此时yet
作副词用)。如:
Though
he
was
tired,he
still
worked
hard.
=He
was
tired,but
he
still
worked
hard.
虽然他很累,但他仍然努力工作。
2.when,while,as的区别
when,while,as引导的从句都可以使用延续性动词。when,as都可以与非延续性
动词连用,而while则不能。
when可表示瞬间,也可表示时间段,与主句所陈述的动作、事情可同时发生,也
可有先后。while常用于连接同时进行的两个延续性动词相伴随而发生的动
作。as不指先后,尤指两个动作或事件同时发生。如:
The
film
had
been
on
when
we
arrived.
我们到时电影已经开始了。
My
mother
was
cooking
while
I
was
doing
my
homework.
我做作业时妈妈在做饭。
As
I
left
the
house,I
forgot
the
key.
我离开房子时忘记带钥匙了。
考点四　复合句——定语从句
　　在复合句中作定语的从句称为定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,
通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系代词that,which,who,whom,
whose和关系副词when,where,why等。关系代词或关系副词既起连接作用,又在
从句中的充当成分。
关系词
功能
先行词
例句
that,who,
whom
that作主语、宾语、表语;who作主语、宾语;whom作宾语
人
Do
you
know
the
old
woman
who/that
is
standing
under
the
tree 你认识站在树下的那位老太太吗
which
作主语、宾语、表语
物
She
got
a
computer
which/that
her
parents
bought
for
her.她有一台她父母给她买的电脑。
whose
作定语
人、物
The
boy
whose
father
is
a
doctor
studies
very
hard.那个男孩学习非常刻苦,他爸爸是个医生。
The
classroom
whose
windows
are
open
is
ours.开着窗户的那个教室是我们的教室。
when
作状语
时间
I
still
remember
the
day
when
you
left
for
Beijing.我仍然记得你去北
京的那一天。
where
作状语
地点
This
is
the
school
where
my
mother
works.这就是我妈妈工作的那所学
校。
why
作状语
reason
Could
you
explain
the
reason
why
you
were
late 你能解释一下你为
什么迟到吗
一、关系代词的用法
一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主
语、表语或动词的宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;who在从句
中作主语、宾语;whom在从句中作宾语,whose在从句中作定语。如:
A
doctor
is
a
person
who
looks
after
people's
health.
先行词 主语　　谓语　　　　宾语

医生就是照顾人们健康的人。
who是关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。
1.下列情况,先行词指物时,只能用that引导,不能用which引导:
(1)当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等时,that有时可省
略。如:
Is
there
anything(that)you
don't
understand
你有什么不懂的地方吗
Tom
told
his
mother
all
that
had
happened.
汤姆把事情的经过都告诉了他妈妈。
(2)当先行词前面有the
only,the
very,the
last等修饰时。
(当先行词是人时,关系代词也可用who,whom)如:
He
is
the
only
person
that/who
can
help
you
out.
他是唯一一个能帮助你摆脱困境的人。
(3)当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。如:
This
is
the
best
book(that)I
have
ever
read.
这是我读过的最好的书。
(4)当先行词前面有all,any,no等限定时。如:
I
want
to
read
all
the
books
that
were
written
by
Lu
Xun.
我想把鲁迅写的书全读完。
(5)当主句是以疑问词开头的特殊疑问句时。如:
Who
is
the
boy
that
is
playing
football
正在踢足球的那个男孩儿是谁
2.关系代词的省略:一般情况下that,which,whom可以省略,但以下情况不能省略:
(1)关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语并且介词置于关系代词前时,不
能省略。如:
I'll
never
forget
the
day
on
which
I
joined
the
club.
我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。
(2)that,which,who在从句中作主语时,不能省略。如:
Who
is
the
boy
that
is
talking
with
our
teacher
正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是谁
二、关系副词的用法
This
is
the
factory
where
my
father
works.
先行词 地点状语　主语　　　谓语
　　　　　
这就是我爸爸工作的那个工厂。
where是关系副词,在定语从句中作地点状语。
1.when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。如:
I
still
remember
the
year
when
you
graduated
from
No.8
Middle
School.我依然记
得你从第八中学毕业的那一年。
2.why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词只有表示原因的reason一
词。如:
We
don't
know
the
reason
why
he
was
sick.
我们不知道他为什么生病了。
3.where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。如:
That
is
the
school
where
I
work.
那就是我工作的那所学校。
一、单句填空
1.(2019河南)—Do
you
know
the
boy
over
there
—The
one
who
is
holding
a
ball Oh,
that's
my
neighbor
Phil.
2.(2019河南)Before
you
ask
someone
for
help,
find
out
whether
he
is
the
right
person
for
your
problem.
3.(2019北京)This
cap
is
nice,
but
it
doesn't
look
good
on
me.
4.(2019北京)—Did
you
notice
what
Miss
Lin
was
doing
in
her
office
—Yes.
She
was
going
over
our
writing.
中考题组
5.(2019天津)She
was
tired,
but
she
continued
her
work.
6.(2019天津)—Could
you
tell
me
how I
will
pay
for
the
fruit
—By
paying
over
the
Internet.
7.(2019江苏南京)“Put
on
your
coat,
or
you
will
catch
a
cold!”
This
is
what
my
mum
often
says
to
me.
8.(2019江苏南京)—I
wonder
who
you
want
to
make
friends
with.
—Someone
who
can
make
me
a
better
person.
9.(2019重庆)He
could
find
the
way
home
though
he
was
only
three
years
old.
10.(2019山西)You
can't
decide
whether
or
not
you
like
something
until
you
try
it,
so
it's
important
to
try
something
new.
11.(2019湖北武汉)Rose
is
wondering
who
did
the
washing.
12.(2019江西)The
film
seems
interesting
and
we
all
want
to
see
it.
13.(2019广东)We
should
take
care
of
the
earth
so
that
we
can
make
a
better
world
to
live
in.
14.(2019湖南长沙)China
is
getting
better
at
making
high-tech
products
which
can
be
bought
in
all
parts
of
the
world.
15.(2019福建)Du
Fuguo
is
a
hero
who
is
known
to
millions
of
Chinese
peo-
ple.
16.(2019安徽)A
better
future
is
the
goal
of
the
Chinese
people,
and
it's
also
the
common
interest
of
the
world.
17.(2019新疆)The
story
is
so
interesting
that
everybody
likes
it
very
much.
18.(2019吉林)Mr.
Brown
is
a
teacher
who
is
strict
with
all
his
students.
19.(2019贵州铜仁)—What
are
you
doing
—We
are
talking
about
the
books
and
writers that we
like.
20.(2019江苏苏州)Love
your
parents
while
they
are
alive.
Don't
wait
until
it
is
too
late.
21.(2019甘肃兰州)Tom
watched
the
World
Cup
until
11:30
last
night.
22.(2019四川成都)—The
boy
who's
lost
is
crying
there.
—How
do
you
know
he
gets
lost
23.(2019四川成都)—You
are
not
supposed
to
enter
the
teachers'
office
unless
you
are
allowed
to.
—Thanks,
Mom.
I
got
it.
24.(2019内蒙古呼和浩特)—Did
you
call
Michael
back
—I
didn't
need
to,
because
I'll
see
him
tomorrow.
25.(2019山东青岛)Friends
are
like
books.
You
don't
need
a
lot
of
them
as
long
as
they
are
good.
26.(2019浙江温州)—Could
you
tell
me
what
the
best
part
of
the
course
is
—You
will
stay
with
an
English
family
and
take
part
in
their
daily
life.
27.(2018河南)The
words
“racecar”,
“kayak”
and
“level”
are
the
same
whether
they
are
read
left
to
right
or
right
to
left.
28.(2018河南)Anyone
who
is
a
server
or
who
has
been
one
knows
that
cus-
tomers
always
come
first.
29.(2018河南)—Excuse
me.
Do
you
know
how
to
check
out
a
book
—Sorry,
I
don't
know,
either.
30.(2018北京)Many
people
like
pandas
because
they
are
cute.
31.(2018上海)Peter
spent
half
a
day
fishing
by
the
river, but
he
didn't
catch
anything.
32.(2018天津)—Please
tell
me
what
time
you
have
your
English
lesson.
—At
ten
o'clock.
二、语篇填空
(2020河南中考预测)
阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完
整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。
understand　instead　shy　loss　something　active　encourage　enough　con-
fidence　good
How
can
we
practice
our
oral
English
The
first
and
the
most
important
thing
is
to
believe
yourself.
You
should
always
be
full
of
　1 ,
or
you
will
never
be
able
to
improve
your
English.
You
should
often
　2
yourself,
“Come
on;
don't
be
afraid.”You
should
never
　3
heart
and
never
give
up.
Maybe
you
are
afraid
of
losing
face.
But
you
should
think
that
since
we
are
students
and
we
are
learning,
there
is
no
need
to
worry
about
　4 .
You
must
always
be

5
to
practice.
You
can't
speak
English
as
　6
as
the
native
people
because
we
are
Chinese,
and
we
don't
have
chances
to
live
in
a
foreign
country
and
talk
with
the
people
there.
But
you
must
know
that
the
main
way
to
study
English
is
to
make
ourselves
　7
by
other
people.
You
should
believe
that
native
speakers
will
not
laugh
at
you.
　8
they
will
encourage
you.
So
if
you
are
brave
　9 ,
you
will
certainly
make
rapid
progress
in
your
oral
English.
Don't
be
　10
or
afraid!Just
have
a
try.
1. confidence 　2. encourage 　3. lose 　4. anything
5. active 　6. well 　7. understood 　8. Instead 　9. enough
10. shy
一、单句填空
1.(2019河南郑州一模)In
a
boat
race,
those
who
row
the
hardest
will
win.
2.(2019河南郑州一模)—Could
you
tell
us
how
soon
he
will
come
back
—In
two
days.
3.(2019河南郑州外国语中学一模)—How
was
your
climbing
on
Mount
Tai
—I
didn't
believe
I
could
do
it
until
I
got
to
the
top.
4.(2019河南郑州外国语中学一模)—Can
I
meet
your
head
teacher,
Mike
—Sure.
The
one
that
wears
a
pair
of
glasses
is
my
head
teacher.
Let's
go
and
模拟题组
say
hello
to
him.
5.(2019河南省实验中学一模)Better
late
than
never,
but
better
never
late.
6.(2019河南新乡一模)—Many
students
are
unhealthy
because
of
a
lack
of
exer-
cise.
—I
agree.
They
should
start
exercising
before
it's
too
late.
7.(2019河南新乡一模)One
who
is
filled
with
knowledge
always
behaves
with
elegance(优雅).
8.(2019河南洛阳一模)Oscar
Pistorius
never
gives
up
his
dream
of
running
in
his
life
although
he
lost
his
legs.
9.(2019河南洛阳一模)The
North
Sea
Park
is
a
beautiful
park which Taylor
Swift
has
visited
in
China.
10.(2019河南洛阳一模)—Your
Huawei
Mate
10
looks
so
nice!
Can
you
tell
me
when
you
bought
it
—No
problem!I
bought
it
last
Wednesday.
11.(2019河南开封一模)—How
are
you
getting
on
with
Chinese,
Lucas
—Although
I
still
make
lots
of
mistakes,
it
doesn't
worry
me
as
it
used
to.
12.(2019河南开封一模)—Kaifeng
is
the
most
beautiful
city
that
I've
ever
been
to.
—I
agree
with
you.
13.(2019河南开封一模)—What
did
Leo
say
to
you
—He
asked
me
if
I
would
like
to
go
skating.
14.(2019河南安阳一模)—A
British
Airways
flight which would
fly
to
Ger-
many
landed
in
Edinburgh
by
mistake
on
March
25.
—It
was
unbelievable.A
BBC
reporter
couldn't
help
laughing
when
he
reported
the
news.
15.(2019河南安阳一模)—Excuse
me,
could
you
please
tell
me if
there
are
any
good
museums
—Yes,
there
is
a
history
museum.
16.(2019河南焦作一模)In
China,
people
usually
open
the
gift
later
unless
they
are
asked
to
do
it
immediately.
17.(2019河南焦作一模)—In
a
text
message,
88
means
bye-bye.
—And
another
example
is
F2F
that
stands
for
face
to
face.
18.(2019河南平顶山一模) Unless we
make
an
effort
to
prepare
carefully,we
may
fail
the
coming
exam.
19.(2019河南许昌一模)They're
very
different,
though
they
did
seem
to
get
on
well
when
they
met.
20.(2019河南许昌一模)You
should
pay
attention
to
doing
all
that
you
want
without
caring
about
success
and
failure.
21.(2019河南商丘一模)Help
others
whenever
you
can,
and
you
will
make
the
world
a
nicer
place
to
live
in.
22.(2019河南商丘一模)There
is
nothing
in
the
world
that
can
frighten
the
great
Chinese
people.
23.(2019河大附中一模)He
stayed
up
very
late
that
night.
As
he
woke
up
in
the
morning,
the
sun
was
already
high
up
in
the
sky.
24.(2019中原名校中考第一次大联考) Since
it
is
raining
so
hard
outside,
let's
just
stay
at
home
and
do
some
housework.
25.(2019河南郑州二模) While
I
am
willing
to
help
you,
I
do
not
have
much
time
available.
26.(2019河南新乡二模)He
was
about
to
tell
me
the
secret
when
some
one
hit
him
on
the
head.
27.(2019河南安阳二模)—I
wonder
whether
we
will
have
3-day
off
this
week.
—Yes,
we
will,
from
Friday
to
Sunday.
We
can
have
a
good
rest.
28.(2018河南开封一模)A
true
friend
can
see
the
pain
in
your
eyes
while
the
others
believe
the
smile
on
your
face.
29.(2018河南新乡一模)Life
is
short,
and
if
you
ever
come
across
a
beautiful,
excit-
ing,
crazy
moment
in
it,
you
should
catch
it
while
you
can
before
that
moment
's
gone.
30.(2018河南安阳一模)—I
planted
some
flowers
in
the
yard,
but
they
haven't
come
out
yet.
—Be
patient,
please.
All
things
come
to
those
who
wait.
31.(2018河南许昌一模)You'd
better
not
meet
an
“Internet
friend”
alone,
or
something
dangerous
may
happen
to
you.
32.(2018河南平顶山一模)—Do
you
know
the
man
who
is
speaking
to
Miss
Zhu
—Oh!
It's
Mr.
Brown,
our
new
English
teacher.
33.(2018河南开封一模)—I
am
a
new
reader.
Could
you
tell
me
how
long
I
can
keep
the
books
—Certainly.
Two
weeks,
and
you
can
renew
them.
34.(2018河南焦作二模)—Excuse
me,
sir.
Could
you
please
tell
me
where
the
talk
show
is
held
—No
problem.
Go
along
this
road,
and
you
will
find
it
on
your
right.
35.(2018河南商丘二模) Once
he
has
decided
to
do
something,
nobody
can
ask
him
to
give
up.
二、语篇填空
(2020河南中考原创)
阅读短文,根据语篇要求填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。
Dear
Mike,
How
is
it
going
Here
I
have
something
new
to
tell
you.
Since
April,
the
waterfall
in
our
city
　1
been
one
of
the
best
places
to
see.
You
know,thanks
to
the
builders,
it
is
　2
very
successful
project.
People
can
not
only
enjoy
the
waterfall
in
different
shapes
and
colors,
but
also
listen
to
nice
music
at
the
same
time.
You
cannot
imagine
lots
of
people
come
here
just
　3 a
look
at
the
waterfall,
although
they
live
quite
far.
Many
visitors
come
to
the
waterfall
every
day,
　4
policemen
are
there
and
they
busily
keep
things
in
order.
I'd
like
to
invite
you
to
　5
hometown
this
summer.
Looking
forward
to
your
reply.
Yours,
Li
Lin
1. has 　2. a 　3. for 　4. so 　5. my