北师大版高中英语高考总复习：18总复习：介词和介词短语

高考总复习：介词和介词短语
真题再现：
1. （2019安徽模拟）They believe that there are transport developments ______ that will bring a lot of changes for the better.
A. out of date B. out of order C. around the clock D. around the corner
2.（2019重庆模拟）Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃____ the average.
A. below B. on C. at D. above
3.（2019浙江高考）Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes _________ animals both on land and sea?
A. about B. to C. with D. over
4.（2019浙江模拟）Most people work because it’s unavoidable. , there are some people who actually enjoy work.
A. As a result B. In addition C. By contrast D. In conclusion
5.（2019青岛模拟）These comments came specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
A. in memory of B. in response to C. in touch with D. in possession of
6.（2019江苏模拟）Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around ________ Thomas Edison.
A. thanks to B. regardless of C. aside from D. but for
7.（2019湖北高考）This meeting room is a non-smoking area. I would like to warn you _______ that if you smoked here you would be fined.
A. in advance B. in detail C. in total D. in general
8.（2019福建模拟）Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live ＿＿＿＿ nature.
A. in view of B. in need of C. in touch with 　 D. in harmony with
9.（2019陕西模拟）The little pupil took his grandma the arm and walked her across the street.
A. on B. by C. in D. at1
10.（2019福建模拟）A common memory they all have___________ their school days is the school uniform.
A. of B. on C. to D. with
答案与解析：
1.解析: D。本题考查的是介词短语，A选项过时的，B选项无秩序，C选项夜以继日地，D选项即将到来。根据语意, 故选：D
2. 解析：D。此题考查的知识点是介词。on record 有记载的，below the average平均水平以下，above the average平均水平以上，on the average平均来说。故D正确。
3. 解析：B。句意：你是否有听说过树是陆上动物和海上动物的家？home to sth. 固定搭配，“是什么的家园”的意思。该句是一个疑问句，其中还含有一个定语从句。
4. 解析：C。句意：很多人工作是因为这是不可避免的，相反，有一些人是的确喜欢工作的。根据前后的意思，可以知道前后是表示对比。A意为“结果”， B意为“此外”， C意为“相反”， D意为“结论”。“不可避免”表述到一种无奈，也就是说，很多人是不得不工作的。后句的表达是“事实上有些人喜欢工作”， “喜欢”和“不得不”刚好构成一种否定，所以答案只能是选C。
5. 解析：B。句意：这些评论是对某些经常被当地记者问到的问题的回应。in memory of意为“纪念”，in response to意为“回应”，in touch with意为“联系”，in possession of意为“拥有”。分析句子成分知道空格处充当介词短语作状语的作用，根据常识和句意，评论应该是对问题的回应。
6. 解析：D。本题考察虚拟语气but for的用法，句意为：如果没有Thomas，对我们有益处的很多东西就不会来到我们身边。
7. 解析：A。考查介词短语辨析。句意：这个会议室是非吸烟区。我要提前提醒你，如果你在这里吸烟，你会被罚款的。
8. 解析：D。in view of在……眼里；in need of需要；in touch with和……接触；in harmony with与……和谐相处。这四个短语后面都应该接名词，该句意思为：人的生活是自然的一部分，因此，我们生存下来的唯一的方法就是与自然和谐相处。根据句意，故选D。
9. 解析：B。句意：这个小学生拉住他奶奶的膀子和她一起穿过街道。take sb. by the arm拉住某人的膀子，所以选B。
10. 解析：A。of关于，表示从属关系；on在……之上；to对于；with和……在一起。该句意思为：他们共有的关于他们学校的记忆是校服。故选A。难点是介词放在定语从句部分考查。
语法讲解：
介词主要考查近义词的用法区别、介词的特定含义、介词和连词易混淆的项目、介词的固定用法等。在历年全国各地高考试题中，都涉及到介词的考查，不仅在单项填空中进行考查，在短文改错题中，对于介词的有无、介词与其他词的固定搭配的考查尤为频繁。
介词是英语中比较活跃的词，中学阶段所学的介词有40多个。它与名词、形容词、副词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活，意义丰富。搭配比较活跃的介词主要有in，out，up，down，on，off，to，from，for，over，with等。介词的考查将以介词的固定短语和介词辨析为主。
介词的定义及分类
介词又叫前置词，属于虚词，后面必须接名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词、短语、句子作宾语。介词本身数量不大，但它与动词、形容词和名词等实词的搭配力极强。
介词可按其构成分为：
简单介词，即一个介词，如about，at，in，of，since等。
复合介词，由两个介词组成，如as for，as to，out of等。?
二重介词，由两个介词搭配而成，但没有复合介词那样固定，如from under，from behind，until after，except in等。?
短语介词，由短语构成，如according to，because of，in spite of，on behalf of，with reference to等。? 分词介词，由现在分词构成，如regarding，concerning，including等。
　　“动词+介词”短语举例：
　　look after sb/sth 照顾，看管
　　look at sb/sth 注视，着眼于
　　look for sb/sth 寻找；期待，期望
　　look forward to sth/doing sth 盼望，期待
　　look into sth 窥视；调查；浏览
　　look like sb/sth 看起来像
　　look up sth查阅
　 “形容词+介词” 短语举例：
　　be afraid of sth.　害怕某事
　　be curious about 对什么好奇
　　be different from 与什么不同
　　be interested in sth. /sb. 对某人或某物很感兴趣
　　be proud of 骄傲，自豪
　　be similar to 与……相似
　　be strict with 对……严格要求
　　“名词+介词”短语举例：
　　attitude to/towards 态度，看法
　　belief in sth./sb.相信某人或某事
　　congratulation on sth 对…(表示)祝贺
　　interest(n.)in sth 对…的兴趣
　　respect(n.)for sb/sth.对…的尊敬
　　satisfaction with sb/sth 对…满意
　　“介词+名词”短语举例：
　　at hand 在手边，在附近
　　by accident 偶然
　　beyond doubt 毫无疑问
　　in addition 另外
　　for the moment 现在，暂时
　　from time to time 有时，不时
　　with the purpose of 为了
常见介词用法 【 介词】
against
Nobody has got anything against you at all. （反对）
He saw a girl sitting alone on a bench against the wall. （靠着）
We have saved some money against old age. （防备）
The little red house looks so beautiful against the green woods. （在……映衬下）
at
They left their luggage at the station. （at后接地点）
At noon there was still no news. （at后接时间）
What are you laughing at? （at后接原因）
I was surprised at his words.（at强调引起某种情感的原因）
I came here at her invitation/request. （at表示“应要求、请求等”）
When I arrived, they were at their meal. （at固定搭配，吃饭）
I am rather slow at drawing. （at强调在某方面）
I won’t buy it at that price. （at后接价格）
beyond
He saw a house beyond the woods. （在……那边）
It was quite beyond me. （ 超出能力、范围等）
by
He left by the nearest exit.（通过）
We traveled by sea/plane to save time. （表示手段、方式，无冠词）
By next Friday I will have finished the job. （到……为止）
He taught himself English by practicing all day long. （by doing表示手段、方式）
He took her by the hand. （by the “身体部位”）
I did that by accident/mistake/nature. （固定搭配）
Sugar is sold by the pound/weight. （by the具体单位/重量、面积等）
He is older than Mike by five years. （表示差距）
The room is forty feet by twenty. （表示乘号）
with
Who is that with brown hair? （表示伴随特征）
He was asleep with his head on his arms. （表示伴随动作）
Weather changes with the season.（随着）■
above
1.表示位置、年龄、职位、数量：在……上面，在……之上
above the sea level 海平面以上 two degrees above zero零上二度
2.表示品质、行为、能力等“超出……之外”
The maths problem is above (beyond) me. 这个问题我解决不了。
He is a man beyond personal interests. 他是一个超越个人利益的人。
across
1.表示动作的方向、位置：穿过、横过
push the cart across the bridge 把车子推过桥
fly across the Atlantic 飞越大西洋
2.表示地点：在……对面
across the room 在房间另一头
主要介词区别
表示时间的at, in, on：
at表示片刻的时间，如：at 8 o’clock ，常用词组有：at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year等。
in表示一段的时间，如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。
on总是跟日子有关，on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following day, on May Day, on a warm morning等。
over, above, on
over, on 和 above 都可表示“在……上面”，但具体含义不同。Over 表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。above 也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。On 指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一个的上面。
There is a bridge over the river.
We flew above the clouds.
They put some flowers on the teacher's desk.
表示时间的since和from：
since表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程，常与现在完成时连用。
from表示从时间的某一点开始，不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。
I hope to do morning exercises from today.
We have not seen each other since 1995.
表示时间的in和after：
两者都表示“在（某个时间）之后”，区别在于in表示“在（一段时间）之后”，而after则表示“在（某一具体时间点之后）”；in短语和将来时态连用，after短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。
We’ll be back in three days.
After seven the rain began to fall.
What shall we do after graduation?
注意：after有时也可以表示在一段时间之后（常用在过去时里）。
After two months he returned.
within与in
within 和in 后都必须跟时间段。within 强调“在……时间之内”，没有时态的限制；in 是以现在为基准，in an hour 是指从现在起1小时之后，所以一般用于将来时：He will be back in five hours.
They worked hard. They finished the work within 2 days at last.
I must finish painting the cat within/in five minutes.
表示地理位置的in, on, to：
in表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某范围之外。
Changchun is in the northeast of China.
Mongolia is on the north of China.
Japan is to the east of China.
表示“在……上”的on和in：
on只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。
There is a book on the piece of paper.
There is an interesting article in the newspaper.
He dug a hole in the wall.
表示“穿过……”的through和across：
through表示从内部通过，与in 有关；across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过，与on有关。
Water flows through the pipe.
The old man walked across the street.
until, till, to
until/till 指“直到……为止”，until 和till可以通用。until/till seven o'clock直到7点
由until/till形成的句子，句中的动词如果是短暂性动词，则必须用否定句：
I'll wait for him until he comes here.（wait是延续动词，用肯定式）
We didn't begin to watch TV until/till nine o'clock.（begin是短暂性动词，所以用否定式）
in the corner, on the corner, at the corner：
in the corner表示在角落里，in指角的内面；on the corner表示“在角上”，on指的不是内面，也不是外面，而含内外兼有之意；at the corner指“在拐角处”，at指的是拐角外面附近的外面。
The lamp stands in the corner of the room.
I met with him at the street corner.
He sat on the corner of the table.
in the end, at the end of, by the end of：
in the end作“最后”、“终于”解，可单独使用，后不接介词of； at the end of 表示“在……末梢”，“到……尽头”，既可指时间，也可以指地点或物体，不可单独使用；by the end of 作“在……结束时”，“到……末为止”解，只能指时间，不可单独使用。
In the end they reached a place of safety.
At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden.
They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week.
By the end of last month he had finished the novel.
表示“关于”的about 和on：
两者都有“关于”的意思，不过前者为一般用词，而后者为较正式的“论述”。
He came to tell me about something important.
He wrote a book on science.
between, among：
一般说来，between表示两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间。 You are to sit between your father and me.
He is always happy among his classmates.
但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如果强调的是两两相互间接关系，适用于between。
Agreements were made between the different countries.
在谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分别位于两边时用between。
The little valley lies between high mountains.。
在谈事物间的差别时，总是用between。
They don’t know the difference between wheat, oats and barley.
besides, except, but, except for：
besides指“除了……还有，再加上”。except指“除了，减去什么”，不能放在句首。如：All went out except me.；but 与except意思近似，表示“除了……外”经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑问词后面。except for表示“如无……就，只是”表明理由细节。
Nobody but you could be so selfish.
He could do little except write.
He had other people to take care of besides me.
His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
but和except在表示“除了……以外”时可以通用，但应注意以下三点：前面有不定代词、疑问代词在意义上对称时，多用but。
All but one are here.
Nobody but I likes making model ships.
后接不定式短语为排除对象时，多用but。
He has nothing to do but wait. (前有do,后省to)；
but与一些固定结构连用。have no choice but to do sth.只得做某事；can not but do sth.不得不；can not help but do sth.不得不……；but for...如不是……
表示“用”的in和with：
表示工具的“用”，用with，而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等的“用”，用in。
He is writing a letter with a pen.
He wrote the letter in pencil.
We measured it in pounds.
Read the text in a loud voice.
Tell me the story in English.
as, like：
as作“作为”、“以……地位或身份”解。Let me speak to you as a father.（事实是父亲）；like作“象……一样”解。Let me speak to you like a father.（事实上不是父亲）。
in, into：
into表示动作的方向，不表示动作的目的地或位置。（如：We walked into the park.）in通常表示位置。 We walked in the park；in和drop, fall, put, throw, break等终止性动词连用时，也可以表示动向。I have put the coin in (into) my pocket.

介词短语与短语介词
介词 + 名词（或者代词，或者相当于名词的其他词类、短语、从句）= 介词短语。如：
in the morning 在早晨 under the tree 在树下 from China 来自中国，介词短语是可以单独作为句子成分；而短语介词是（一个相当于介词的短语），不能单独作为句子成分。如：
according to 根据 ahead of 在……之前 apart from 在……之外 because of 由于
by means of 以……之手段 by way of 通过……的方式
介词短语的句法功能
作表语
The book you want is on the table.
作宾补
I saw a tall man under the tree.作定语（后置定语）
The man under the tree is my father.作状语
1. 作地点状语
We live in Hangzhou.2. 作时间状语
She got here at four.3. 作方式状语
They came here by train.4. 作原因状语
The game was postponed because of rain.5. 作条件状语
There will be no living things without water.6. 作目的状语
He ran for shelter.7. 作让步状语
They play football in spite of the rain.8. 作程度状语
To what extent would you trust them?
注意：
1. 介词一般放在名词之前，但它后面的介词宾语是疑问代词、疑问副词、关系代词或被动语态时，这些词提到了前面而只剩下介词在后了。
2. over可表位置，意为“在……上方，越过；遮住，盖住”，也可表时间，意为“在……期间，(多年)以来”等，它还有“在……(问题)上，对(某事)”等引申意义。
You can’t wear a blue jacket over that shirt—it’ll look terrible．（你不能在那件衬衣外面再穿上蓝色的夹克——太难看了。）
We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea．（我们一边喝茶一边愉快地交谈。）
We heard it over the radio．（我们从广播中听到了它。）
3. by的主要意思有“在……旁，靠近；乘(车、船等)；不迟于；到……为止；被，由；根据，按照(关系)；通过……方式”等，还可以用来表示增加或减少的程度。by构成的常见短语有：
by and by不久，迟早 by and large大体上
by oneself单独 by the way顺便说说
by far… …得多，最…… by chance碰巧
by accident偶然地 by means of借助
by no means绝不，一点也不 by mistake错误地
The water in the river rose by two meters．
He is an Englishman by birth．
3．with可以用来表示“带有，拥有；随着；就……来说；用，以；和，与；对于，关于”等意思。with还可用来表示原因。
He turned red with anger．
4．beyond是一个考查热点。beyond表示“(时间)过了，比……晚，迟于；(位置)在……那边，超出……之外；(范围)超过，为……所不及，超出……的范围”等意思。
They arrived beyond nine o’clock．
The book is beyond me．
Tom is far beyond his elder brother in math．
5. 要求接to的名词有：key, answer, visit, entrance, apology, introduction, road等。
要求接in 的名词有：interest, satisfaction, expert等。
介词的省略：
1. 以all开头的名词短语，for要省略。
I stayed with her all the morning.
2. 否定句中，表示时间的短语前的for不能省略。
I haven’t seen you for thirty years.
3. 时间状语在主句之前，for不能省略。
For the whole morning, the old man kept reading.
介词的误用：【 介词】
Whom are you writing to?
laugh at others
a tree to sit under
prepare for the exam
wait for the bus
knock at the door
come in from the window
serve (不用for) the people
marry (不用with) sb
enter (不用into) the room
巩固练习
一、单项选择
1.（2019 高陕西省西安地区八校高三下学期联考）The dictionary is what I want, but I don't have enough money _________ me．
A．by B．for C．with D．in
2. （2019 湖北省黄冈中学等八校高三第二次模拟考试）The writer conveyed a positive attitude through his works. ______, his readers are motivated and are themselves becoming a source of motivation for others.?
A.?On the whole??????B.?In?the meanwhile???? C.?In the way????? ?D. On the contrary
3. （2019 江苏省南通市高三第二次调研测试）The campaign is _____ only partially successful, so we have to keep on working hard.
A. at last B. at latest C. at least D. at best
4. （2019 重庆市巴蜀中学高三下学期第二次模拟考试）The doctor tried to laugh my brother ____ his fears about the coming operation.
A. from B. against C. off D. into
5. (2019届福建省高三毕业班质量检查) University majors should not be ________ market demand and the government should give more support for “unpopular” majors such as literature, history and philosophy.
A. in the form of B. in the process of
C. at the mercy of D. at the risk of
6. —How long will you work on the farm?
—____ the end of next year.
A. In B. By C. At D. Since
7. —When did you leave the farm?
—___ the end of last year.
A. In B. By C. At D. Since
8. Don’t be angry _______ me for not having written. I was really too busy.
A. about B. with C. to D. for
9. In those days, we had no phones, so we have to keep in touch _____ writing often.
A. with B. of C. on D. by
10. We've talked a lot _______ films. How _____ television now?
A. of, with B. with, towards C. about, about D. for, about
11. We all regarded the poor old man ____sympathy.
A. as B. with C. of D. by
12. ________ fire, all exits must be kept clear.
A. In place of 　 B. Instead of 　　 C. In case of 　 D. In spite of
13. After the earthquake, the injured were cared _____in the local hospitals or taken by air to the hospitals of neighboring cities.
A. of B. for　　 C. after D. with
14. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ______ they can be controlled on purpose.
A. with which B. to which 　 C. of which 　 D. for which
15.In order to change attitudes____ employing women，the government is bringing in new laws.
A. about B. of 　 C. towards D. on
16. People have always been curious _____how living things on the earth exactly began.
A. in B. at C. of D. about
17. _____achievement, last week’s ministerial meeting of the WTO here earned a low, though not failing, grade.
A. In terms of 　 B. In case of　　 C. As a result 　　 D. In face of
18. My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was ____it.
A. in favor of 　　B. in memory of 　　 C. in honor of 　　 D. in search of
二、完形填空
阅读下列短文，掌握其大意，然后从1—20各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A businesswoman got into a taxi in midtown. As it was the rush hour and she was in a__1__to catch a train, she__2__a quick way to reach it. “I have been a taxi driver for 15 years！” the driver said__3__. “You don't think I know the best way to go？”
The woman tried to explain that she hadn't __4__to annoy him, but the driver kept__5__. She finally realized that he was too annoyed to be__6__, so she changed her__7__. “You know, you are right,” she told him. “It must seem__8__for me not to think you know the best way__9__the city.”
__10__, the driver glanced at his__11__in the rearview mirror, turned down the street she wanted and got her to the train on time. “He didn't say another word the rest of the ride,”she said. “__12__I got out and paid him. Then he thanked me.”
When you find yourself__13__with people like the taxi driver, you will always try to__14__ your idea. It can lead to longer arguments, the loss of job chances or the__15__of marriages. I have discovered one simple__16__extremely unlikely method that can prevent the disagreement or other difficult situations from__17_in a disaster.
The__18__is to put yourself in the other person's shoes and look for the__19__in what that person is saying. Find a way to__20__, and the result may surprise you.
1. A. hurry B. rush C. moment D. way
2. A. chose B. made C. found D. suggested
3. A. jokingly B. angrily C. anxiously D. curiously
4. A. supposed B. believed C. meant D. decided
5. A. apologizing B. driving C. asking D. shouting
6. A. reasonable B. thoughtful C. normal D. practical
7. A. road B. mind C. direction D. manner
8. A. strange B. wrong C. terrible D. stupid
9. A. across B. in C. through D. along
10. A. Surprised B. Worried C. Annoyed D. Disappointed
11. A. rider B. speaker C. helper D. comer
12. A. until B. after C. because D. since
13. A. satisfied B. concerned C. crowded D. faced
14. A. give up B. turn down C. stick to D. point out
15. A. combination B. destruction C. suffering D. division
16. A. and B. that C. while D. though
17. A. lying B. resulting C. setting D. lead
18. A. problem B. importance C. key D. reply
19. A. fact B. meaning C. expression D. truth
20. A. agree B. argue C. explain D. escape
三、阅读理解
阅读下面短文，从题中所给的四个选项（A， B， C和D）中选择正确的答案。
Have you ever thought about what determines the way we are when we grow up？Remember the TV program Seven Up？It started following the lives of a group of children in 1973.We first meet them as wide-eyed seven-year-olds and catch up with them at seven-year intervals：nervous 14-year-olds，serious 21-year-olds and then grown-ups.
Some of the stories are inspiring，others sad，but what is interesting in almost all the cases is the way in which the children’s early hopes and dreams are shown in their future lives. For example，at seven，Tony is a lively child who says he wants to become a sportsman or a taxi driver. When he grows up，he goes on to do both. How about Niki？She says，“I would like to find out about the moon.” And she goes on to become a space scientist. As a child，soft-spoken Bruce says he wants to help “poor children” and ends up teaching in India.
But if the lives of all the children had followed this pattern，the program would be far less interesting than it actually was. It was the children whose childhood did not prepare them for what was to come that made the program so interesting. Where did their ideas come from about what they wanted to do when they grew up？Are children influenced by what their parents do，by what they see on television or by what their teachers say？How great is the effect of a single important event？Many film directors，including Steven Spielberg，say that an early visit to the cinema was the turning point in their lives. Dr Margaret McAllister，who has done a lot of research in this area，thinks that the major factors are parents，friends and their wider society.
1. What does the text mainly discuss?
A. New ways to make a TV program interesting.
B. The importance of TV programs to children.
C. Different ways to make childhood dreams come true.
D. The influence of childhood experience on future lives.
2. What does the underlined word “influenced” mean in the last paragraph?
A. Impressed. B. Improved.
C. Affected. D. Attracted.
3. What are the examples in Paragraph 2 meant to show?
A. Many people’s childhood hopes are related to their future jobs.
B. There are many poor children in India who need help.
C. Children have different dreams about their future.
D. A lot of people are very sad in their childhood.
4. Spielberg’s story is meant to show that________.
A. going to a movie at an early age helps a child learn about society
B. a single childhood event may decide what one does as a grown-up
C. parents and friends can help a child grow up properly
D. films have more influence on a child than teachers do
四、语法填空
(1)
Here in China, as the awareness of climate change improves, realizing a low-carbon way of life, also known as reducing your carbon footprint, is a growing trend among young Chinese.
Zheng Xiyu works at 1 office in Beijing’s Central Business District. Every day, 2 takes her roughly 40 minutes to go to work by bus. But she is thinking of 3 (switch) to a different way of transport--a bicycle. When buying clothes, she will choose those purely made of cotton, 4 it takes less carbon to produce cotton clothes. She’s also adapting to a vegetable diet as livestock(家畜) can make many contributions 5 today’s most serious environmental problems.
A recent survey shows 6 78% of all the 17,000 people questioned have developed environmentally friendly habits in their daily lives. They are doing things, such as taking reusable shopping bags to the store and setting the air conditioner at a temperature above 26℃ in summer.
On many popular 7 (society) networking websites, people are advocating a low-carbon lifestyle. Their tips include using the stairs and public transport more frequently 8 elevators and cars. They hope this lifestyle 9 (become) more than just a trend within certain groups.
As the most populous nation on the planet with the world’s fastest growing economy, China has become the second biggest emitter(排放者) of greenhouse gases. The recent extreme weather in the southern regions reflects a serious environmental challenge. Experts say there is no time 10 (delay) with the effort to reduce carbon emissions.
(2)
In recent years, learning Chinese 1 (become) popular among people around the world. Last month, I 2 (receive) an email from my cousin Jack in Canada. He said he was enthusiastic about Chinese, and asked me to find him some books 3 (intend) for Chinese beginners. I was very pleased to do 4 a favor. So I went from one bookstore to 5 , hoping to find something suitable for him. 6 I selected a set of Chinese textbooks among a variety of similar ones. Then I went to a post office to have them 7 (deliver) by air without delay. Several days later, I received Jack’s email, 8 (say) that he really appreciated the books I 9 (send). I’m very glad that Jack is beginning to learn Chinese just like many other foreigners abroad, 10 I know it may be an enjoyable challenge for him.
五、七选五
（2019 重庆模拟）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs. _____1_____, buy the best-fitting, best-built running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop. When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit. _____2_____. As always, you should stretch (伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.
During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day. _____3____, it is wise to take a day off to rest. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. _____4_____. After two weeks, start timing yourself. _____5______. Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.
A. After six days
B. For a good marathon runner
C. Before you begin your training
D. With each day, increase the distance by a half mile
E. If they still feel good, you can begin running in them
F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training
G. Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time
六、书面表达
（河北省衡水中学高三下学期三调（一模）考试）假设你是红星中学高-(1)班的学生李华，你的英国笔友Chris刚刚转学，感到一切都很陌生。他在邮件中向你询问如何尽快融入新环境。请你根据以下信息回信。
1．多跟同学交流沟通；
2．积极参加学校活动；
3．向老师寻求帮助。
注意：1.词数：100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计人总词数。
Dear Chris,
Yours ,
Li Hua

答案与解析
一、单项选择
1. C。解析：句意：词典是我想要的，但是我身上没带什么钱。have money on sb身上带钱。故选C。
2. B。解析：A.?On the whole????大体上??B.?In?the meanwhile????同时C.?In the way??挡道D. On the contrary相反；句意：这位作家通过自己的作品传递积极的生活态度；同时，受到鼓舞的读者又成为激励他人的源泉。
3. D。解析：句意：这场战役充其量仅仅取得阶段性成功，因此我们必须继续努力。At last最后；at latest最近；at least至少；at best充其量，最多。根据题干中的only partially判断。故选D。
4. C 考查介词。句意：这个医生试着逗笑我母亲以使她摆脱对将要进行的手术的恐惧。laugh …off…一笑置之，强作笑颜来摆脱，故选C项。
5. C，at the mercy of 任凭……摆布,完全受……支配。意思是：大学的专业不能完全受市场需求摆布,政府应该给予那些“冷门”的专业如文学,历史和哲学的专业更多的资助。
6. B。提问“将工作多久”，答句说“工作到明年明底”。
7. C。问句问“何时离开”，答句说“去年年底离开”。
8. B。表示对某人生气，通常用 be angry with /at sb；对某事生气，用be angry at/about sth。比较以下表达，其中的“对”也不用to来翻译：
你对这些安排感到满意吗? Did you feel satisfied with the arrangements?老师应该对他的学生严格要求。Teachers should be strict with their students.
9. D。by表示方式，by writing 意为“通过写信”，全句意为“我们通过经常写信保持联系”。10. C。若第一空选of，a lot of films即为动词talk的宾语，但实际上动词 talk 是不及物动词，不能后接宾语。句中的a lot是修饰动词talked的状语，talk about才是一个动词短语。 全句意为“我们对电影已谈了不少，现在谈谈电视怎么样?”What about...意为“......怎么样”，用于征求意见。11. B，有的同学一看到句中的 regard 和选项中的 as，马上就联想到 regard ... as ... (把......当作......) 这一搭配，从而断定此题应选A。但是错了，原因是将此搭配套入原句，句子意思不通。句意为“我们大家都很同情这位老人”。
12. C。考查介词短语。
13. B。考查动词词组care for sb。
14. B。本题表面上看是考查定语从句，而实质上却是考查使用介词的能力，即(in) to (some)the degree 到某种程度上。
15. C。 attitudes towards 对……的态度。
16. D。 be curious about sth。
17. A。 in terms of，从…方面来说；in case of，万一；as a result，结果；in face of，面对，面临。
18. A。 in favor of，赞成，喜欢；in memory of，纪念，怀念；in honor of，以纪念，向......表示敬意；in search of，寻找。
二、完形填空
一位女商人要到市中心去，打车时建议司机走某条路，引起了司机的强烈反应。于是，女商人认错，承认司机更熟悉城市道路，最终及时到达目的地。由此可知，换位思考，先设法认可对方的意见，你可能得到意想不到的结果。
1. A。考查对上下文语境的理解。因为是交通高峰期，她急于赶火车，于是向司机建议了一条能最快到达目的地的路。in a hurry to do sth.急于做某事。
2. D。考查对下文语境的理解。此题易误选A，但从下文来看，此处并未选定走哪条路，只是建议而已。
3. B。考查对上下文语境的理解。从司机所说的话来判断，他一定是“很生气地”。下文中annoy一词也是暗示。
4. C。女商人试图向司机解释，她并不是想要惹司机生气的，因此本题选meant。
5. D　结合上下文语境可知，司机不断大喊大叫。
6. A。考查形容词辨析。她意识到他恼怒得已经不讲道理了。reasonable“讲道理的，有理性的”符合语境。thoughtful“沉思的，思考的”；normal“正常的，平常的”；practical“实际的，实践的，实用的”。
7. B。考查词组搭配。change one's mind改变主意/想法。女商人见此情景，她改变了想法。
8. B。考查形容词辨析。女商人对司机说自己似乎犯错误了，居然认为司机不是对城市道路最熟悉的人。可知答案为B，stupid语气太重。
9. C。考查介词辨析。through从……的一端到另一端，穿过，贯穿，符合题意。
10. A。考查对上下文语境的理解。对女商人的突然转变，司机自然是感到“惊奇的”，他不再跟她争论，居然开车沿着她建议的路线送她了。
11. A。坐在出租车的自然应是rider乘客。
12. A。考查句型。直到女商人下车付车费，司机一句话也没有再讲。本句考查了句型not…until…“直到……才……”。
13. D。考查词组搭配。be faced with面临。此处意为：当你发现自己面对像这位出租车司机那样的人时……
14. C。考查动词短语辨析。结合下文内容可知，此处意为：当你遇上像上面那位出租司机那样的人时，你常常试图坚持己见，但是这样只能引起更多的争执，由此可知应选C，stick to“遵守，坚持”。
15. B。考查名词辨析。此处指固执己见的后果之一是破坏婚姻。destruction指“毁坏，毁灭，破坏”。
16. D。though指“我”发现一种简单的方法，虽然不是特别容易做到，但能阻止危机。
17. B。考查词组搭配。result in“引起，导致，以……为结局”，符合题意。
18. C。考查名词辨析。此处意为：关键是要站在别人的立场上。key“关键”，符合题意。
19. D。考查名词辨析。truth指“真理，正确的因素”。此处意为：关键是要换位思考，要承认对方话语中的某些合理成分。
20. A 先设法认可对方的意见，你可能会得到意想不到的结果。
三、阅读理解
幼年时，父母、朋友和较广泛的社交圈子将影响孩子日后的生活。
1. D。主旨大意题。从文章所举的电视节目Seven Up及斯皮尔伯格的小时候去影院后来终成导演的例子来看，文章全是围绕着“童年经历对未来生活有很大影响”来展开的，故可知本文的主旨是D项。
2. C。猜测词义题。根据画线词所在句的语意“孩子们会受到父母做事的方式、所看到的电视节目及老师所讲的话的影响吗？”可知选C。
3. A。推理判断题。第二段第一句讲到所有事例中最有趣的就是孩子们的希望和梦想在未来得到了实现，可见童年的希望与未来的工作是有关联的，故本题选A。
4. B。推理判断题。包括斯皮尔伯格在内的许多导演都说，早期到电影院去是他们人生的转折点，由此可见特定的儿童时期的经历会决定孩子未来从事的职业。例子前的话“How great is the effect of a single important event？”也是暗示。
四、语法填空
(1)
1. an，该句子的意思是郑喜宇在北京中心商业区的一个办公室工作;an在此处表示泛指。
2. it，在句子中作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式to go to work by bus。
3. switching，think of 后面应该加动名词作宾语。该句子的意思是她在考虑转化到一种不同的交通方式：自行车。
4. because/as，当在买衣服的时候，他将选择那些纯棉制的衣服，因为生产面料的衣服需要更少的碳。
5. to，make many contributions to表示为……做出很多贡献。
6. that，that引导的是宾语从句，无词义，也可省略。
7. social，该空应该用形容词作定语，society的形容词是social。
8. than，前面有比较级more frequently，所以后面应该用than。
9. will become，此处表示将来，所以用will become。
10. to delay，不定式to delay作后置定语，here is no time to delay表示没有可耽误的时间。
（2）1. has become 2. received 3. intended 4. such 5. another
6. Finally 7. delivered 8. saying 9. had sent 10. although
五、七选五
本文大意：这是一篇说明文，作者就马拉松训练在准备和初期练跑方面，给出了一些建议。
1. C 解析：首先短文首句说明马拉松训练要认真准备，逐渐稳定地增加跑的距离。空后就是服装方面的选择，所以空中应该是训练前准备，故选C。
2. E 解析：此空前在说选运动鞋的一个做法-----穿几天看看是否合脚，此空填E，如果合脚的话，就可以穿着跑步了。注意代词they、in them与上文shoes的对应，这也是一个判断的方法。
3. A 解析：此段说的是如何逐渐增加跑的距离。空前的句子说明第一周的做法，空所在句子应该是第一周结束或第一周后，所以选A（六天之后）。
4. D 解析：接着38题，接下去的一周，每次练跑要设定目标，空39，进一步说明每天增加的运动量（半英里）。故选D。
5. G 解析：空前说明练跑前准备----跑鞋的选择和运动量的调整，空后总结“根据你计划参加的比赛项目，设定余下时间内的时间表。所以此空是连接练跑准备过程和真正开始练跑的过渡句。故选G-----现在你准备好可以弄清楚提高时间和距离的目标了。
六、书面表达
Dear Tony,
I am sorry to hear that you are having trouble fitting in at your new school. Such problems are quite normal. Perhaps the following suggestions may be helpful.
First, I think you may need to communicate with your classmates as much as possible. In this way, you will get to know each other better. Second, it might be a good idea for you to take part in more activities, which usually involve teamwork and interactions with other students and are therefore good for developing friendly relationships. Lastly, faced with some tough problems, you might consider asking your teachers, who can usually offer you some sensible(明智的) suggestions.
I sincerely hope my advice will be of some help to you. If there is anything more I can do to help, please let me know.
Yours,
Li Hua
1. 范文中运用一些常见的短语：have trouble doing 做某事有困难；communicate with与……进行交流；get to know逐渐了解；take part in参加；
2. which引导非限制性定语从句：Second, it might be a good idea for you to take part in more activities, which usually involve teamwork and interactions with other students and are therefore good for developing friendly relationships.
3. 运用非谓语动词faced with .., 还运用who引导定语从句：Lastly, faced with some tough problems, you might consider asking your teachers, who can usually offer you some sensible suggestions.