北师大版高中英语高考总复习：23总复习：一般现在时、现在进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时的用法及区别 (1)

高考总复习：一般现在时、现在进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时的用法及区别
真题再现：
1. （2019安徽模拟）It is reported that a space station ______ on the moon in years to come.
A. will be building B. will he built
C. has been building D. has been built
2. （2019天津模拟） Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ______ a class at that time.
A. will teach B. would teach C. has taught D. will be teaching
3. （2019四川模拟）More expressways _________ in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
A. are being built B. will be built C. have been built D. had been built
4.（2019湖南模拟）As you go through this book, you ________ that each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a different experience.
A. will find B. found C. had found D. have found
5. （2019北京模拟）—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
—All right. I________ him later.
A. will call B. have called C. call D will be calling
6.（2019湖南模拟）Always_______ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.
A. to keep B. to have kept C. keep D. have kept
7. “Life is like walking in the snow”, Granny used to say, “because every step ”
A. has shown B. is showing C. shows D. showed
8. Planning so far ahead ____ no sense—— so many things will have changed by next year.
A. made B. is making C. makes D. has made
9. The fact that so many people still smoke in public places _____ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risk of smoking.
A. suggest B. suggests C. suggested D. suggesting
10. That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who _____ the piano upstairs?
A. has played B. played C. plays D. is playing
答案与解析：
1. B。本题考查的是将来时态被动的用法，句意为：据报道，在将来的几年里，一个太空站将会在月球上建立。
2. D。句意：简不能参加今天下午3点钟的会议，因为她那时将正在给一个班上课。at that time 指代at 3 o’clock this afternoon，表达将来的某个时间点或时间段正在进行的动作，用将来进行时。
3. B。从soon可以看出应该是将来的事，选择将来时的被动语态。句意：在四川，更多的高速路将很快被建成，用以提升当地经济。
4. A。一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。在一般将来时的句子中，如果没有时间状语，要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况，本题符合“主将从现”的结构。句意：当你通读这本书的时候，你将会发现成千上万的经历过二战的每个人都有不同的经历。
5. A。句意：—Dr. Jackson现在不在办公室。—好的，我待会再打给他。本题考查的是时态。根据句意及时间状语later可知答案为一般将来时。
6. C。that后是宾语从句，那么要填入的地方是祈使句，用动词原形。
7. C。此处是奶奶过去常常说的一句话，这里是直接引语，句子的内容是生活哲理。所以用一般现在时。句意：奶奶过去常常说：“生活就像在雪中行走，因为每一步都看得见。”
8. C。句意为：这么早做计划没有什么意义——到明年，很多事情就会变了。由译文可知本句表达目前的状态，符合一般现在时的概念。
9. B。The fact后跟同位语从句，设空处为主句的谓语动词，故排除D项；由题干中的smoke和may可知语境指现在的情况，排除C项。 本句主语为the fact，且本句陈述的是一个事实，谓语动词采用第三人称单数形式。
10. D。根据句意可知，本句说的是现在的事情并且动作尚未完成，故用现在进行时。
语法讲解：
时态是极具英语特色的一种动词形态，在我们的汉语中是没有时态一说。在汉语中，一个动作无论发生在什么时候，动词本身是不需要发生变化的。但在英语中就不同了——在英美人看来，过去发生的动作要用过去时态，将来发生的动词要用将来时态，正在进行的动作要用进行时态。
My brother often visits my granny on Sundays.
My brother visited my granny last Sunday.
My brother will visit my granny next Sunday.
在汉语中，不管你是什么时候去看奶奶都是用“看望”，但在英语中就比较麻烦——每周日“看望”用动词visits，上周日“看望”用动词visited，下周日“看望”用动词will visit。
一般现在时 【 时态（一）】
构成：do/does
典型时间状语：often, sometimes, usually, every day, on Mondays, once a week, etc.
I go to school every day.
He always works at night.
My parents go to visit my grandparents once a week.一般现在时考点及注意事项：
1. 表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制）。
The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.
Water boils at 100℃.
The sun rises in the east.
2. if, when, unless, as soon as (宾语从句除外)引导的从句用现在时代替将来时。
I don’t know when he will come back.
If/When he comes, I will let you know.
注意：
If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.
3. 少数用于表示起止的动词如come，go，leave，arrive，fly，return，start，begin，open，close，end，stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。
The plane takes off at 7.
4. 剧本说明、书评、影评中用一般用现在时。
When the curtain rises, Ann is writing at her desk. Suddenly the window opens and a masked man enters.
5. 在make sure (certain), see to it that, mind, care, matter ＋宾语从句，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment. See to it that you are here on time tomorrow.
We must see to it that party policies are scientific and effective.
I don’t care what others say.6. 在the more… the more … (越……越……) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时。 The harder you study, the better results you will get.
The more you learn, the more you will know. The more you know, the more you will get.
现在进行时
现在进行时表示说话瞬间正在进行或发生的动作或者当前一段时间内的活动情况或现阶段正在进行的动作，或表感彩，加强语气。句中往往有now, just now等时间状语或者“Look!”等提示语境，或者通过上下文暗示某动作正在进行。
We are having English class.
The house is being built these days.
1. 在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。
Look out when you are crossing the street.
Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.
2. 表示计划：即表示按计划或安排要发生的将来动作，这类用法在没有明确上下文的情况下，通常会连用一个表示将来时间的状语。
We’re spending next winter in Australia.
Marry is leaving on Friday.
He is arriving here next week.
3. 与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again，forever，all the time等连用表示说话人的某种感彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。
The little boy is always making trouble.
He is always helping others.
That girl is constantly thinking of others.
That boy is playing basketball again in the house above.
4. be 动词的现在进行时可以表示暂时的表现或特点。
You are impolite to me today.
I don’t agree with you, but I think you are being childish.
注意：表示感觉、情感、存在、从属、思维等方面的动词一般不用于进行时态。
表示存在状态的词：be, stay, exist, belong to
表示心理或情感状态的词：fear, hate, remember, think, know, believe, want, need, understand, forget, please, respect, prefer, mind, like, hope, wish, agree, appreciate, recognize, mean, care, dislike, love等。
终止性动词：accept, allow, complete, hear, notice, end, admit, give, receive, refuse, promise, decide等。
感官动词：see, look, hear, smell, taste, feel, sound等。
一般将来时
一般将来时就是表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。这里所说的“将来”是以现在时间为起点的“将来”，并且这个将来可以是很近的将来（如一分钟以后），也可以是很远的将来（如几个世纪以后）。如汉语中说的“音乐会马上就开始了”“再过一万年地球将会怎样”等，若用英语来表示，都要用一般将来时。
1. “will /shall+动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态；事物的固有属性或必然趋势。其中shall主要用于第一人称之后，will用于第二、第三人称之后。
Which city will host the Olympic Games in 2020? (表示将来的动作)
Fish will die without water.（表示事物的必然趋势）
I shall always remember you.
2.“be going to +动词原形” 表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事、从目前的迹象看将要发生某事。
He is going to speak on TV this evening.
Look at the dark clouds. It’s going to rain.
3. “be about to + 动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备立即着手进行的动作，很少与时间状语连用。
I was about to leave when he came in.
The plane is about to take off.
4. 某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start, begin, stay等，用现在进行时形式表示按计划、安排将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。
He is arriving in five minutes.
I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
5. “be to + 动词原形”表示按照安排或计划将要做的事。
They are to be married in this May.
When are you to leave for that village?
“be to + 动词原形”表示“指令”，相当于should, must, ought to, have to等。
The medicine is to be taken three times a day.
You are to hand in the report today.
“was/were + 动词原形”表示曾经计划要做某事，不牵涉是否已经做；或表示“命中注定”要发生的事。
He felt excited, because he was to leave the dangerous place.
He was to suffer so much.
6. “祈使句 + and/or + 句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。
Use your head and you will find a way.
Study harder, and you will pass the examinations.
比较will和be going to：be going to往往表示实现的打算；临时性决定用will。
He is going to write a book about the journey.
I am sorry to hear that tom is ill, and I will go to see him this afternoon.
将来进行时
1.表示将来进行，即表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作。
Don’t phone me between 5 and 6. We’ll be having dinner then.
When I get home, my wife will probably be watching television.
2. 表示计划或安排，即表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。
We’ll be spending the winter in Australia.
I’ll be seeing Isabel tomorrow.
3. 有时可表示委婉语气。
Will you be having some tea?
时态辨别：
将来进行时和现在进行时的区别
现在进行时表示一种经过考虑的、将来要进行的动作，而将来进行时通常表示正常过程中会发生的动作，因此将来进行时不如现在进行时那样肯定，比后者偶然性要大一些。总体而言区别不是很大。
I am seeing Tom tomorrow. （意指汤姆或说话人已经特意安排了这次会面）
I'll be seeing Tom tomorrow. （意指汤姆和说话人将在通常进程中见面，也许他们在一起工作)）
将来进行时既可以表示最近将来的动作,也可以表示较远将来的动作.可以说：
I'll be meeting him tomorrow/next year/some time.
将来进行时与一般将来时态的区别
将来进行时通常表示的是对将来事实的简单陈述，而“will+动词原形”(一般将来时)除表示时间概念外，还带有感彩。一般将来中的will有时含有“愿意”的意思，而用将来进行时则只是单纯地谈未来情况。
Mary won’t pay this bill. 玛丽不肯付这笔钱。(表意愿)
Mary won’t be paying this bill. 不会由玛丽来付钱。(单纯谈未来情况)
汤姆明天将正在割草。 Tom will be cutting grass tomorrow.
汤姆明天愿意割草。Tom will cut the grass tomorrow.
现在进行时与一般现在时的区别
1. 一般现在时表示包括现在在内的一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态；而现在进行时表示说话人说话时正在进行的动作。
He washes his face at half past seven every day. （他每天7:30洗脸）
He is washing his face at the moment. （他这会儿正在洗脸）
2. 如果一般现在时态所表示的动作或状态带有感彩或强调情况的变化过程，可以用现在进行时。
The wind is getting stronger and stronger.
3. 现在进行时也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但今后和以前怎样，我们不清楚；而一般现在时则强调动作的永久或长久性。
He studies in No. 5 Middle School.（强调在五中读书这一事实）。
He is studying in No. 5 Middle School. （强调现阶段在五中读书）
巩固练习
一、单项选择
1.（2019 陕西省西安地区八校高三下学期联考）-Lily, my parents have promised a 2-day trip this weekend for my good performance．
-Cool．You _______ a good time then．
A．will be having B．have had C．will have had D．were having
2.（2019 湖南省高三十三校联考第二次考试）．-Where can we get Mo Yan's new novel?
-I'm sorry, it _____and will come out next week．
A．has been printed B．will be printed
C．is being printed D．is printed
3. （2019 湖南省高三十三校联考第二次考试）-Do I have to bring my camera tomorrow afternoon?
-I think so．We_________ the Botanical Garden then.
A．are visiting B．will be visiting C．have visited D．visit
4. (2019 江苏省南通市高三第二次调研测试) —I hear a Tibetan student in your school______ and that you’ve raised money for him.
—Well, the doctors are considering a conservative therapy.
A. was operated on B. will be operated on
C. is being operated on D. has been operated on
5. I ________ on my report next week, so I won’t be able to meet you.
A. am working B. will be working
C. was working D. have been working
6. There aren’t many seats left for the play; you had better make sure that you ________ two today.
A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have got
7. —Do you like the material?
—Yes, it ____ very soft.
A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt
8. The places of interest in Xi’an attract my family all the time, and I hope we ____ ourselves this time next year.
A. are enjoying B. are to enjoy
C. will enjoy D. will be enjoying
9. The teacher told us that light ____ faster than sound.
A. traveled B. had traveled C. is traveling D. travels
10. —Ann is in the hospital.
— Oh, really? I didn’t know. I _____ go and visit her.
A. am going to B. would C. will D. am to
二、完形填空
阅读下列短文，掌握其大意，然后从1—20各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
When I was a teenager I was in a group of students who took a trip to Pittsburgh. Being a country boy, I found it 1 just being in such a big city. While most of the students headed for the mall then I decided to tour the streets 2 . It was almost Christmastime and the store windows were filled with 3 displays. I bought several cinnamon sticks(肉桂棒) to ward off (挡住) the 4 while walking and looking at the sights.
At some point, 5 , the stores became less and less and the bars became more and more. I realized I had crossed into a not so 6 section of town. I saw a small bus stop and decided to sit and take a rest before walking back. The bus stop was just in front of a 7 store and before long an old woman in an old coat came out. She was carrying two large 8 in one hand. Her other hand held a cane that steadied her slow, 9 walk. Her young, dark-haired granddaughter clutched her coat as they 10 their way to the bench. I 11 at them both and we talked a bit about how cold it was before the bus 12 . When it arrived I picked up the old lady’s bags and carried them up the steps. Then I helped her granddaughter up while the lady slowly climbed on behind us I pulled out my 13 cinnamon stick and gave it to the sweet girl while her grandma smiled her 14 to me. I got off the bus and looked up to the window where the little, curly-haired Child of God was waving goodbye to me. Then I started back to meet the other students a little 15 at heart if not in body. As I was 16 the corner, though, a voice called out from an alley. “Hey man! Want to get 17 ?” I smiled and said. “No thanks. I 18 got. ”
No drug in the world can ever 19 the high that comes from one 20 act, one shared laugh, one second of giving love.
1. A. disappointing B. exciting C. confusing D. frightening
2. A. once B. forever C. still D. alone
3. A. beautiful B. expensive C. bright D. common
4. A. snow B. rain C. cold D. sun
5. A. again B. besides C. therefore D. however
6. A. good B. safe C. wide D. healthy
7. A. book B. grocery C. jewellery D. clothing
8. A. purses B. boxes C. bags D. baskets
9. A. shaky B. steady C. short D. light
10. A. found B. pushed C. felt D. made
11. A. laughed B. smiled C. stared D. glanced
12. A. pulled off B. pulled away C. pulled up D. pulled on
13. A. other B. first C. only D. last
14. A. thanks B. goodbye C. greetings D. concerns
15. A. darker B. heavier C. warmer D. faster
16. A. overlooking B. turning C. passing D. entering
17. A. curiosity B. courage C. fun D. high
18. A. already B. always C. never D. almost
19. A. stop B. remove C. match D. speed
20. A. honest B. kind C. brave D. generous
三、完成句子
阅读下列各小题，根据汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子，并将答案写在答题卡上的相应题号后。
1. My books _____________________________ if I hadn’t worked as a journalist because all the material was taken from reality. (write)如果我没有当一名记者，我的书不可能写出来，因为所有的材料来自现实生活。
2. Little in life comes instantly. It takes perseverance and hard work __________________. Do keep in mind that you should believe in yourself. (achieve)生活中不可能一蹴而就。达成你的目标需要毅力和艰苦的努力，记住要相信自己。
3. There is no doubt that you are capable of accomplishing the task—the question is ______________________________ work hard. (prepare)毫无疑问你有能力完成这项任务，问题是你是否做好努力工作的准备。
4. Sometimes we feel so close to our good friends that they are like family to us. According to the study, __________________________ this isn’t just an expression. (turn)有时候我们感觉如此接近我们的好朋友,他们对我们就像家人。根据这项研究，结果证明，这并非只是说说而已。
5. William is an 18-year-old Swedish student at Stockholm University. When I first met him in a cafeteria, he_________________________________ an Australian girl. (chat)威廉是一个18岁的瑞典斯德哥尔摩大学的学生。在食堂我第一次见到他时,他和一个澳大利亚的女孩正在聊天。
6. ________________ an appointment is vital, which comes from a deep respect for others’ time. (punctual)准时赴约是至关重要的，这源自对于他人的时间的充分尊重。
7. _____________________________ for a long time, the snakes proved not to be offensive, so their plan could be carried out as scheduled. (monitor)经过仔细监视很长一段时间，这些蛇被证明是没有攻击性的，因此，他们的计划如期进行。
8. The reason ___________________________ a brief nap is that it can promote their memory. (attach)人们认为小睡重要的原因是它可以提高他们的记忆力。
9. I like the new Star Wars film---The Force Awakens very much. I hope Chinese film directors will produce _______________________________________as it. (Interesting)我喜欢新拍的《星球大战》系列电影——《原力觉醒》。我希望中国电影导演将拍出一部像这样有趣的电影。
10. Under no circumstances ________________________________ any request online for your personal information before you make sure it is used for legal purposes. (respond)在任何情况下，在确保它是用于合法目的之前，你都不应该回应网上任何向你索要个人信息的请求。
四、书面表达
假如你是某中学英语社团团长李华，拟在寒假期间举行中学生英语口语大赛。你想邀请你校外籍教师Mr. Thomas参加。请根据以下内容，给Mr. Thomas写一封邀请信。
1. 诚邀Mr. Thomas做裁判；
2. 介绍口语大赛的目的和形式；
3. 希望Mr. Thomas给本次活动提出建议。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结束语已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Mr. Thomas，
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
答案与解析：
一、单项选择
1 A。句意：—Lily，我父母亲因为我的表现好答应给我两天的旅行。—爽。你那时将正在玩到很高兴。表示将来某个时间段或时间点正在进行的动作应用将来进行时。故选A。
2. C。句意：—我们在哪里能买到莫言的新小说？—对不起。它正在被印刷，下周将出版。根据题干中的sorry，和空后的下周出版，应是正在被印刷，故应选C。
3. B。—明天下午我不得不带来我的相机？—我认为这样。那时我们将正在参观植物园。表示将来的某个时间或时间段正在进行的动作用将来进行时。故选B。
4. B。句意：—我听说你们学校一名西藏的学生将进行手术，你们为他募捐了。—哦。医生们正在考虑一种保守治疗的方法。根据答语判断手术还没有进行，应是将来发生的动作，student是operate的动作承受者，故选B。
5. B。从后面的“next week”可知应用将来时，语义表示“下周，我将正忙于写报告……”，所以用将来进行时，据此答案应该选B项。
6. A。句意：这次演出剩下的座位不多了，你最好确保今天能弄到两张(票)。本题考查动词的时态。这是一个固定句式，make／be sure that后的宾语从句中的谓语动词要用“(should+)动词原形”。故答案为A项。
7. C。句意：—你喜欢这种材料吗? —是的，它摸上去很柔软。观察题干，设空处后无宾语，可知feel是不及物动词，表示“(某物)摸上去给人某种手感”，在此为系动词，不能用于被动语态，也不用于进行时。根据此题的对话情景，是指某种材料的常规特性，要用一般现在时，不能用过去时。feel作“感觉，认为，摸”讲时，是及物动词。可带宾语，有时态、语态等变化。
8. D。句意：西安的名胜古迹一直吸引着我们一家人，我希望明年的这个时候我们正在那儿游玩。时间状语this time next year提示该句为将来某一时间正在进行的动作，故使用将来进行时。
9. D。句意：老师告诉我们：光比声音的速度快。从句中陈述的是客观真理，所以用一般现在时。
10. C。根据题干内容可知，答话人是当时才知道Ann生病了，所以去看她是临时的决定，用will。
二、完形填空
1. B。联系Being a country boy以及空后的in such a big city，作者来自乡村，到了一个喧闹的大城市，自然会感到兴奋。
2. D。联系空前的While most of the students headed for the mall可知，其他人都去了商场，作者独自一人在逛街。
3. A。联系空前的It was almost Christmastime我们可以推断，圣诞节期间，商店应该摆出各种各样漂亮的商品来吸引顾客。
4. C。从前文可知。此时已临近圣诞节，12月份，天气应该很冷了。
5. D。前后构成转折关系，前面是一幅大城市繁华的景象，而后面是一个偏僻、落后的区域。
6. A。联系前文的the stores became less and less and the bars became more and more可知，此时作者进入了一个不是非常好的地方。
7. B。联系下文She was carrying two large 8 (bags) in one hand我们可以知道，老人进的是杂货店，而不是珠宝店或者书店。
8. C。根据下文I picked up the old lady’s bags可知答案。
9. A。联系steadied her slow...可知，老太太上了年纪，手里还拿着拐杖，因此走路不稳。
10. D。联系前文老人的走路以及Her young，dark-haired granddaughter clutched her coat可知，祖孙二人向长椅走去，因此用make one’s way。
11. B。从后文作者帮助祖孙二人可知，作者充满了善意，因此应该是向老人和孩子微笑。
12. C。根据语境可知，公共汽车停下，人们上车，pull up有“停车”之意，符合语境。
13. D。从前文可知，作者买了几个肉桂棒，边吃边逛，到现在剩下了最后一根。
14. A。由gave it to the sweet girl可知，对于作者的好意与帮助，老太太以微笑表达感激。
15. C。联系空后的at heart if not in body可知，作者因为自己的善意而心中充满了欢欣和温暖，与前文寒冷的天气形成对比。
16. B。联系空后的the corner，though，a voice called out from an alley可知，作者拐弯的时候，一个声音传来。
17. D。联系下一段的No drug in the world can ever 19 (match) the high that comes from one 20 (kind) act 我们可以得出high的提示。
18. A。联系文章最后一句作者的评论可知，作者心中已经很高兴，充满了欢欣。
19. C。作者认为没有什么药物能够比得上一个善意的举动带给人们的欢乐。match“匹配，比得上”符合题意。
20. B。结合前文作者对这祖孙二人的善意与帮助我们可以得出答案。
三、完成句子
1. couldn’t have been written
2. to achieve your goal
3. whether you are prepared to
4. it turns out that
5. was chatting with
6. Being punctual for
7. Having been carefully monitored
8. why people attach importance to
9. as interesting a film
10. should you respond to
四、书面表达
Dear Mr. Thomas，
On behalf of the Students’ Union, I am writing this letter to invite you to participate in our Oral English Contest as a referee. It is going to be held in the school meeting hall from 7:00 to 9:00 p.m. next Friday and contains three steps: 1. Introduce him/herself; 2.Read a passage; 3.Speak with the referee and answer some questions. So it will surely offer you a good opportunity to obtain a clear picture of Chinese traditional culture. We should be very glad if you could come, and meanwhile, our contest would be more colorful if you could deliver a performance.
I’m expecting your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua