北师大版高中英语高考总复习：21总复习：副词、连词
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| 名称 | 北师大版高中英语高考总复习：21总复习：副词、连词 |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2019-12-03 10:18:08 | ||
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高考总复习：副词、连词
真题再现
副词部分：
1.（2019安徽模拟）They gave money to the old people's home either ______ or through their companies.
A. legally B. sincerely C. personally D. deliberately
2.（2019浙江模拟）Most of us, if we know even a little about where our food comes from, understand that every bite put into our mouths was _________ alive.
A. steadily B. instantly C. formerly D. permanently
3.（2019湖北模拟）The girl used to be shy, but is _______ getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.
A. gradually B. usually C. previously D. merely
4. It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is another to play it well ourselves.
A. quite B. very C. rather D. much
5. I’ve been writing this report ______ for the last two weeks, but it has to be handed in tomorrow.
A. finally B. immediately C. occasionally D. certainly
并列连词部分：
1. （2019 北京模拟）He is a shy man, _______he is not afraid of anything or anyone.
A. so B. but C. or D. as
2. —Someone wants you on the phone.
— _______ nobody knows I am here.
A. although B. And C. But D. So
3. _______ the Internet is of great help, I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time on it.
A. If B. While C. Because D. As
4. In some places women are expected to earn money men work at home and raise their children.
A. but B. while C. because D. though
5. John plays basketball well, _____his favorite sport is badminton.
A. so B. or C. yet D. for
答案与解析：
副词部分：
1. C。本题考查的是副词的用法，A选项“法律上地”；B选项“真诚地”；C选项“个人地”；D选项“故意地”，根据语意选C。
2. C。句意：就算我们很少了解食物来自于哪里，我们大多数人都明白，放在我们的口里的每一点食物在之前都是活着的。steadily意为“稳定地”；instantly意为“立即地”；formerly意为“先前地”；permanently意为“永久地”。根据句意及常识不难得出答案，在吃入口中之前的都是活着的。
3. A。句意：那个女孩过去很害羞，但现在在团队合作中逐渐变得积极起来，（比以前）更愿意表达自己的想法了。gradually 逐渐地；usually 通常，经常；previously 以前；merely 仅仅。故选A。
4. A。考查副词的辨析。句意：“听音乐是一回事，但是演奏音乐完全是另一回事。” 在第二句中another后省略了thing。Another是一个不分级的形容词，修饰不可分级的形容词如right，wrong，ready，full，empty，perfect，impossible，alone，unique 等时，通常只用 quite，此时quite 并不表示“相当”或“很”，而表示“完全”。如：You’re quite right （wrong）。 你完全正确（错了）。quite another (thing)表示“完全不同、完全是另一回事”。故选A项。
5. C。考查副词结合语境的用法。前半句说话人“写报道”用了进行时，再加上后半句是“明天必须上交”，说明没有写完，因此不能是时间点标志的副词finally“最后”；immediately “立刻”，而occasionally “偶尔，间或”符合句意。D选项certainly“当然”，是干扰选项不贴切句意。
连词部分：
1. B。根据选项判断本题考查连词，翻译前后两句的含义，应该是转折关系，用but。
2. C。第二个人的话承接第一个人的话表示转折。句意为：—有人在电话里找你！— 但是没有人知道我在这儿啊！
3. B。句意为：尽管因特网是很有帮助的, 但我认为在网络上花费太多的时间不是个好主意。while引导让步状语从句, 意为 "尽管"。4. B。句意为：有些地方, 妇女被要求挣钱而男人在家里干活和养育孩子。从该句句意可知, 此题用while表示妇女与男人两种情况的对比。A项but表示转折, C项because表示原因, D项though表示让步, B项while表示并列。
5. C。句意：约翰篮球打得好，然而羽毛球才是他最喜欢的运动。yet表示转折；so表示因果；or表示选择；for表示原因。
语法讲解
副词部分
副词的类别
时间副词：now，then， today，tomorrow，ago，lately，soon，immediately，often，usually，early
地点副词：outside，upstairs，anywhere，up，forward，here，there，away，in back，off
方式副词：simply，quickly，happily，loudly，suddenly，luckily，again，once，easily，together
程度副词：very，quite，rather，extremely，completely，widely，partly，perfectly，badly，too
疑问副词：when，where，why，how
关系副词：when，where，why?
连接副词：when，where，why，how?
其他：surely，certainly，really，however，therefore，perhaps，moreover，yes，no??
副词的句法功能
副词修饰动词、形容词或副词，说明动作或状态的特征。?
作状语 作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。
Of all the boys he came (the) earliest.
He worked in Beijing for almost twenty years. (修饰动词)
He plays tennis very badly. (修饰副词)
作表语?
Sorry，Mr. Smith isn’t in. He is out.
Time is up.
作定语（通常后置）?
On our way home，we saw a traffic accident.?
The building here is completed last year.
作宾语补足语?
I saw you out with Mr. White yesterday morning.?
Truly I will attend your wedding ceremony.
副词的位置
1. 副词修饰形容词、副词时，应放在被修饰成分之前，但enough必须位于被修饰的词之后。如：
This book is quite interesting.
The boy is old enough to go to school.
2. 频度副词(always，often，usually，never，seldom，hardly，sometimes等)要放在实义动词之前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。?
Children often go to the park with their parents on Sundays.
3. 地点副词、时间副词、方式副词常位于句末。?
I remember seeing you somewhere.
4. 同时出现几个副词的排列顺序：方式副词→地点副词→时间副词。?
Mr. Brown drove his car quickly outside then.
5. 修饰全句的副词多置于句首。这类副词有：significantly（明显地，显著地），(un)luckily（幸运地），merely（仅仅, 只不过），certainly（无疑地; 确定地；肯定地）simply（简单地; 仅仅; 只不过），fundamentally（基础地；根本地；重要地），increasingly （日益，越来越多地；不断增加地）；strangely （奇妙地；不可思议地；怪异地），apparently（显然地；表面上，似乎），(un)fortunately等等。
Fortunately，he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA men.
6. neither, never, seldom, hardly等否定半否定副词放在句首时，句子要部分倒装。
Never will I go to the forest with you!
兼有两种形式的副词
有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词形式相同，另一种是在形容词后加-ly。这两种形式的副词在意义上有所不同：不带-ly的副词往往表示的是具体概念(也就是词的本义)；加-ly的往往表示抽象概念(也就是词的引申义)。
close与closely?
close意思是“近”；closely 意思是“仔细地”?
He is sitting close to me. ?
Watch him closely.
deep与deeply
deep意思是“深”，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，“深深地”。?
He pushed the stick deep into the mud.
Even father was deeply moved by the film.
high与highly?
high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much。
The plane was flying high.
I think highly of your opinion.
wide与widely?
wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地，在许多地方”。?
He opened the door wide.
English is widely used in the world.
free与freely?
free的意思是“免费”；freely 的意思是“无限制地”。?
You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.?
You may speak freely; say what you like.
形容词和副词做状语的区别：
形容词作状语时表示伴随、原因等，或是对主语进行解释，可以看成是“being+形容词”，位于句首、句中或句尾，表示伴随时通常用逗号与其他成分隔开。
He lay in bed, wide awake．
He went to bed, cold and hungry．
副词主要用作状语，修饰动词、形容词、从句或整个句子。修饰整个句子时，可置于句首、句中或句尾。
Fortunately, he escaped from the fire．
I like the bag very much.
几组副词辨析
very, much
very修饰形容词和副词的原级，much修饰形容词或副词的比较级；修饰动词用much或very much。
very修饰被用作形容词的现在分词或过去分词。
I’m very tired. I need to have a good rest.
We enjoyed the trip very much.
already, yet, still
already表示某事已经发生；yet表示期待发生；still表示某事仍在进行。already和yet可以用于疑问句，但含义不同：yet= up to this moment; already = sooner than expected
He had already left when I called.
You have already finished it?
He said he hadn't received a letter from her yet.
The fish is still alive.
【 副词】
pretty, prettily
pretty作形容词意为“漂亮”，作副词意为“很，非常”；prettily意为“漂亮地”。
He seems pretty satisfied with the result.
She decorated the room prettily.
late, lately
late意思是“晚”；lately 意思是“最近”?
I stayed up late last night.
Where have you been lately?
rather, very, quite, fairly
quite可以修饰绝对意义上的形容词，如perfect, worry, right等，还可以修饰动词。
rather常用来修饰贬义的形容词或副词，如bad，poor，badly等；fairly常用来修饰褒义的形容词或副词，如nice，well，clever等。
如果修饰中性的形容词或副词，如easy，fast，thin等，fairly表示肯定的概念，即说话人的态度是赞美的、满意的；而rather表示否定的概念，即说话人是不满意的。
只有rather可以修饰比较级或者too。
quite放在a的前面；fairly放在a的后面；rather放在a的前面后面均可。
I’m quite sure you are right.
I quite agree with what you said.
We are having rather cold weather for June.
His room is fairly tidy.
His room is rather untidy.
The house is rather bigger than we thought.
These shoes are rather too small.
rather/quite a nice day
a rather/fairly nice day
possibly, probably, likely
可能性最大的是probably；possibly与can/could搭配；probably与will/ would搭配。
Could you possibly lend me a million dollars?
Would you probably lend me a million dollars?
It’s likely that he will come.
He is likely to come.
too much, much too
too much后接不可数名词；much too后接形容词或副词。
The bag is much too heavy.
The bucket contains too much water.
loud, aloud, loudly
loud强调“大声”；aloud强调“出声”；loudly强调大声得有点扰人。
Speak louder so that the people at the back can hear you.
Read aloud instead of reading in silence.
Don’t speak loudly. The baby is sleeping.
almost, nearly
大部分情况下二者可以通用。almost可以和不定代词连用，nearly可以和数词搭配。
He fell and almost/nearly broke his neck.
He ate almost nothing.
My son is nearly 7 years old.
sometime, sometimes, some time, some times
sometime某个时间；sometimes有时；some time一段时间；some times几次，几倍
I’ll go and see you sometime next week.
I sometimes go to see a film with my friends.
He has waited for you for some time outside.
everyday, every day
everyday为形容词，每日的；every day为副词短语，每天
I go to school every day.
I enjoy everyday life.
maybe, may be
maybe是副词，或许；may be为“情态动词+谓语”结构。
Maybe you are right.
He may be waiting for you outside.■
“too...to...”结构特殊用法
“too...to...” 意为“太……而不能……”，是一个否定的结构。但在下面的情况下却表示肯定的含义：
当在该结构中的too或to前加上否定词not或never等时，表示肯定含义。“cannot/can never...too...to...”为常见的用法，它可以与“cannot/can never.../ enough to...”进行转化。When crossing the street, you can never be too careful/ careful enough.
当“too...to...”结构中的副词too后接apt, ready, anxious, eager, glad, willing等形容词时，该结构表达肯定的含义。?
She is too willing to marry him. （她很愿意嫁给他。）
当too...to...结构中的副词too前面有all, but, only, quite等修饰时，该结构表达的也为肯定的含义。?
I am only too pleased to help you. （帮助您让我很高兴。）?
常考的15个“长难”副词
1. moreover adv. 而且，再者，此外，加之
The price of the car is too high，and moreover it isn’t in a suitable position.
2. therefore adv. 因此，所以
He was busy; therefore he could not come.
The new trains have more powerful engines and are therefore faster.
3. otherwise adv. 否则，不然
You must pay your taxes on time; otherwise, you will be punished.
4. meanwhile adv. 与此同时，在此期间
Jane was painting the wall and meanwhile Pat was watching TV.
5. practically adv. 几乎，简直，差不多；实际上，事实上
The holidays are practically over; there is only one day left.
Practically，we have solved all these problems.
6. gradually adv. 逐渐地
Things gradually improved.
And gradually their talk ceased; long silence followed.
7. actually adv. 实际上，事实上，说实在的
Actually that’s not quite right.
He talks big but doesn’t actually do anything.
8. approximately adv. 大约，大概
The accident happened at approximately 5：30.
These visits had continued regularly，approximately every third week.
9. generally adv. 通常，一般，广泛地，普遍地
Doctors generally work long hours.
Generally he watches TV for two hours in the evening.
10. obviously adv. 明显地，显然
He was obviously drunk.
He found a young and beautiful girl, who kept shouting and crying, obviously mad.
11. however adv. （表示转折）可是，然而
My room is small; however, it’s comfortable.
He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however.
12. extremely adv. 极其，非常
I admire his courage extremely.
I can’t work because your radio is extremely loud.
13. narrowly adv. 勉强地，差点没
He narrowly escaped being run over.
He narrowly missed being seriously injured.
14. occasionally adv. 偶尔，间或
We only have dinner parties very occasionally these days.
It’s all right to borrow money occasionally，but don’t let it become a habit.
15. eventually adv. 最后，终于
He worked so hard that eventually he made himself ill.
We waited three days for the letter and eventually it came.
并列连词部分：
（连词包括并列连词和从属连词，前者连接并列的句子，后者连接各种从句，他们的用法在从句中讲解）
分类
表示递进关系：and, not only...but also..., neither...nor...., not...but...
表示选择关系：or, either...or..., otherwise
表示转折关系：but, yet, whereas, while等
表示因果关系：so, for
when可以用作并列连词，意为“那时，这时”，相当于and at that/this time。常用于下列句式：
Somebody was doing something when...
Somebody was about to do/was going to do/was on the point of doing something when...
Somebody had just done something when...
and和or
and表示顺承，和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件；or用于选择时意为“或者”，用于选择时意为“即”，用于祈使句中意为“否则”。
both... and... ……和……都……，既……又……，连接并列成分做主语时谓语动词用复数。
I spoke to both the director and her secretary. (连接并列名词)
She’s both pretty and clever. (连接并列的形容词)
She both dances and sings. (连接并列动词)
not only...but (also)...
not only...but (also)...不但……而且……，应连接两个相对称的并列成分。not only … but also 连接两个分句，并且 not only 位于句首时，第一个分句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。not only … but also 不能用在否定句中。
Not only Mr. Lin but also his son joined the Party two years ago. （连接两个主语）
I not only play tennis but also practice shooting. （连接两个谓语动词）
He plays not only the piano but also the violin. （连接两个宾语）
They speak English not only in class but also in the dormitory. （连接两个地点状语）
Not only does the sun give us light but also it gives us heat.
neither...nor...
neither...nor... 既不……也不……，引导并列成分做主语时，谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后面的词保持一致。
Neither you or he is a little baby.
either...or...
either...or... 或者……或者……，用于连接两个性质相同的词或短语。引导并列成分做主语时，谓语动词采用就近原则。
Either he or you are right.
either…or…除可连接两个词或短语外，有时也可连接两个句子。
Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you.
not... but...
not... but... 不是……而是……，谓语动词采用就近原则。
Not money but wisdom is what we want.
for和so
for连接两个句子时，第一个句子表结果，第二个句子表原因。
He is satisfied with the result, for the problem has been solved successfully.
so连接两个句子时，第一个句子表原因，第二个句子表结果。
The problem has been solved successfully, so he is satisfied with the result.
because和for
because后接原因从句，表示直接的理由; for引导并列从句，表示附加的理由或者推断的理由。because可以用于回答问题，for不行，for不能用于not...but结构中。
The reason I am here is because I want to ask for your help.
The oil must be out, for the light went out.
巩固练习
一、单项选择
1.（2019 福建省高三毕业班质量检查）The farmers’ living conditions have improved_______ ever since the policy of supporting agriculture was introduced.
A. differently B. roughly C. approximately D. significantly
2. （2019 湖北省黄冈中学等八校高三第二次模拟考试） You are to meet with frustration in the pursuit of success and through greater effort and hard work your dream will definitely come true. Put it ______, “No pains, no gains.”
A. frequently B. firmly C. openly D. simply
3. （2019 江苏省南通市高三第二次调研测试）In order to keep their mother living with them confidently, the people ______ leave the washing-up for her after meals.
A. morally B. liberally C. deliberately D. compulsorily
4. As a typist, the most important aspect of the job is to be able to type quickly and _____.
A. faithfully B. actually C. roughly D. accurately
5. These days strange things happened ______ in the small village, which caused a panic among the villagers.
A. frequently B. fluently C. regularly D. deliberately
6. Many students tried their best not to make careless mistakes in the examination but some of them_______ found they failed.
A. eventually B. completely C. exactly D. effectively
7. A volcano in Indonesia erupted on November the 16th, 2010, and _____, hundreds of people were killed.
A. consequently B. continuously C. constantly D. consistently
8. —Credit cards are useful when traveling.
—True. They save us the trouble of taking too much cash.
A. particularly B. partly C. exactly D. gradually
9. — Have you read the newly-published novel by J. K. Rowling?
— Yes. I ______ recommend this book to anyone who is sick of the same old stories.
A. briefly B. instantly C. fully D. awfully
10. She is fed up with sharing a house with others; _______, she is looking for her own flat.
A. moreover B. otherwise C. however D. therefore
11. ________, the excited crowds in the square suddenly became so quiet. It’s still puzzling.
A. Personally B. Naturally C. Somehow D. Anyway
12. Maureen hasn’t been feeling well ______. You’d better go and see her.
A. late B. latest C. latter D. lately
13. The boy was wandering through the street ______ a bike hit him.
A. when B. once C. while D. as
14. — Why were you absent yesterday?
— I caught a cold, _______ I had been walking around in the rain.
A. but B. so C. and D. for
15. Jim went to answer the phone. _______, Harry started to prepare lunch.
A. However B. Nevertheless C. Besides D. Meanwhile
二、完形填空
阅读下列短文，掌握其大意，然后从1—20各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
On a cold winter day, I waited in line to see my hero, Jack Canfield, the author of The Success Principles
During his talk, Jack__1__his wallet, pulled out a hundred-dollar bill, and said, “Who wants this？”__2__shot up in the audience; people leaned forward to see whom Jack would__3__.But I jumped up, ran up the__4__to the stage, and grabbed the bill. As I was launching myself in the air, thoughts__5__through my mind—was I about to be humiliated (羞辱) in front of 800 people？Would they__6__security guards and take me from the stage？__7__my desire for bold action was louder than any__8__voice.
As I got the bill from his hand, he said, “That’s it！We can’t wait for the__9__to come to us. We must take action to__10__what we want！”
After his talk, I managed to formally meet Jack and boldly asked for his__11__email address. Over the next months, I sent him emails__12__my vision and dreams with him. He kindly emailed back lots of encouragement. But my life got __13__ with other things. I stopped emailing Jack.
A year later, my dreams had worn away. I thought Jack would inspire me into action, like a giant__14__that would show me the way.
I emailed him, and then again—but got no__15__.As I sat down at my computer to check my emails, I__16__woke up. What was I doing？I was waiting！Now I remembered the crowd, most likely__17__that hundred-dollar bill, while they sat__18__to their chairs.
Usually we all have a “Jack” for whom we wait—whether it’s a person, a place or a thing.We__19__believe the gifts of life are just around the corner, and that everything will come in a(n)__20__way.So we don’t try. We give up. But as Wayne Gretzky said：“You’ll always miss 100% of the opportunities you don’t take！” So I stopped waiting and started my writing career.[来源:Z,xx,k.Com]Now what are you waiting for?
1. A. stretched out B. reached for C. stuck to D. handed in
2. A. Cheers B. Shouts C. Heads D. Hands
3. A. offer B. greet C. like D. choose
4. A. path B. road C. steps D. route
5. A. raced B. started C. appeared D. existed
6. A. ask B. call C. demand D. order
7. A. And B. So C. But D. Or
8. A. careful B. doubtful C. meaningful D. helpful
9. A. opportunities B. times C. results D. aims
10. A. attract B. accept C. restore D. create
11. A. professional B. secret C. public D. personal
12. A. disclosing B. describing C. presenting D. sharing
13. A. quick B. busy C. full D. loose
14. A. arrow B. gate C. exit D. entrance
15. A. news B. notice C. response D. reaction
16. A. gradually B. suddenly C. immediately D. slowly
17. A. desiring B. claiming C. begging D. worshiping
18. A. lost B. glued C. opposed D. devoted
19. A. sincerely B. honestly C. falsely D. correctly
20. A. difficult B. impressive C. early D. natural
三、阅读理解
（2019 湖北模拟）阅读下面短文，从题中所给的四个选项（A， B， C和D）中选择正确的答案。
What Theresa Loe is doing proves that a large farm isn’t prerequisite for a modern grow-your-own lifestyle. On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles, Loe and her family grow, can (装罐) and preserve much of the food they consume.
Loe is a master food preserver, gardener and canning expert. She also operates a website, where she shares her tips and recipes(食谱), with the goal of demonstrating that everyone has the ability to control what’s on their plate.
Loe initially(最初) went to school to become an engineer, but she quickly learned that her enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparing her own food. “I got into cooking my own food and started growing my own herbs (香草) and foods for that fresh flavor(口味)” she said. Engineer by day, Loe learned cooking at night school. She ultimately(最后) purchased a small piece of land with her husband and began growing their own foods.
“I teach people how to live farm-fresh without a farm,” Loe said. Through her website Loe emphasizes that “anybody can do this anywhere.” Got an apartment with a balcony (阳台)? Plant some herbs. A window? Perfect spot for growing. Start with herbs, she recommends, because “they’re very forgiving.” Just a little of the herbs “can take your regular cooking to a whole new level,” she added. “I think it’s a great place to start.” Then? Try growing something from a seed, she said, like a tomato or some tea.
Canning is a natural extension of the planting she does. With every planted food, Loe noted, there’s a moment when it’s bursting with its absolute peak flavor. “I try and keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar,” Loe said. “Canning for me is about knowing what’s in your food, knowing where it comes from.”
In addition to being more in touch with the food she’s eating, another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children: “Influencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding the bigger picture,” she said, “that if we don’t take care of the earth, no one will.”
四、短文改错
Grandma Moses was crazy about painting soon before she picked it up and worked hard at it. She painted careful and her works were nice. She first painted only to please oneself, and then began to sell her works with a little money. In 1993, a collector, Louis Caldor happens to see several of Grandma Moses’ work hanging in a shop. He liked them, buying them at once, and set out to look for less. Caldor held a show to introduce the works of Grandma Moses other artists. Grandma Moses, who was world-famous, was died on December 13, 1961, at the age of 101.
五、书面表达
（2019 四川模拟）假如你是李夏。你看到美国留学生Sharon在网上发贴，希望有人能帮助她提高普通话（Mandarin）水平，她可以教英语作为回报。请根据以下提示用英语给她写一封电于邮件。
1.表达给她提供帮助的意愿；
2.说明你能胜任辅导的理由；
3.给出讲好普通话的两点建议；
4.提出你学习英语的具体需求。
注意：
1. 词数120左右，开头语已为你写好；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
Hi Sharon,
This is Li Xia. I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin ___________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours Sincerely,
Li Xia
答案与解析
一、单项选择
1. D。differently 不同地；roughly 粗糙地；approximately 大约；significantly 显著地。本句句意是“农民的生活条件得到显著提高”。
2. D。put it simply 简单地说；简而言之
3. C。句意：为了让母亲一直和他们自信地生活在一起，那对夫妇故意在餐后为母亲留下收拾碗筷的活动。Morally讲道德地；liberally自由地；deliberately故意地；compulsorily强迫地。根据句中作目的状语的不定式和空后的leave …for判断选C。
4. D。考查副词。accurately 精确地。作为一名打字员，这项工作最重要的一个方面就是快速、精确地打字。faithfully 忠诚地； actually 实际上，事实上； roughly粗糙地。
5. A。考查副词辨析。frequently 常常，频繁地。近来，一些奇怪的事情频频发生在这个小村子里。fluently 流利地；regularly 有规律地；deliberately故意地。
6. A。考查副词词义辨析。句意：许多学生在考试中尽力不犯粗心的错误，但是其中有一些最终发现自己没有做到。eventually“最终；终于”；completely“完全地”；exactly“精确地”；effectively“有效地”。A项符合题意。
7. A。考查副词词义辨析。consequently 因此，结果。句意为：在2010年的11月16日，印度尼西亚的一座火山喷发了，造成了数百人遇难。continuously 不断地，连续地；constantly 不变地，经常地；consistently 一贯地。
8. A。考查副词。修饰形容词useful，表示程度，所以用particularly，意思是“尤其”。句意为：当你外出旅游的时候，信用卡尤其有用。partly 部分地；exactly 精确地；gradually 慢慢地。
9. C。考查副词辨析。根据答语的内容可知说话全力推荐这本书，所以选fully意为“完全地”。briefly 简短地， instantly 立即， awfully非常。
10. D. 句意：她讨厌和别人同住一间房子，所以她在找自己的套房。therefore因此；moreover 此外；otherwise 否则，不然；however 然而。根据句意可知，答案为D项。
11. C。句意：不知为什么，广场上激动的人群突然安静下来，真是令人费解。Personally就个人而言；naturally 自然地；somehow 不知为什么；anyway 无论怎样。
12. D. late迟到的，晚的；latest 最迟的，最新的；latter 后者的；lately 最近，常与完成时连用。句意为: 莫林最近身体不好，你最好去看看她。
13. A。句意：那个男孩正在街上溜达，突然一辆自行车撞了他。when= and just at that moment
14. D。for在句中解释缺席的原因。其他选项不符合题干的逻辑。
15. D。句意为：吉姆去接电话，与此同时，哈里开始准备午餐。 前后两个句子是相同的语义关系，在时间上表示同时，所以用meanwhile。
二、完形填空
本文通过生动的故事告诉我们在生活中要积极地去创造机会，而不要消极地等待机会的来临。
1. B。Jack拿出钱包，取出一张100美元的钞票。reach for伸手去拿，符合语境。stretch out伸手；stick to信守；hand in提交。
2. D。很多人都举手想得到这张钞票，因此选择hands。
3. D。大家都想知道Jack会选择谁，因此选择choose。
4. C。根据后面的stage可知，跑向讲台时要上台阶，故用steps台阶。
5. A。作者当时大脑中快速地涌现了很多的想法，race意为“(因为害怕，兴奋等)快速转动”，因此选A项。
6. B。他们会叫来保安把我带离讲台吗？call表示“打电话叫来”(telephone someone and ask them to come)。
7. C。根据前面几句可知，虽然作者心中有很多想法，但是想要做出这种大胆行为的意愿比任何质疑的声音都更强烈。前后句子在句意上存在转折关系，因此选择but。
8. B。doubtful voice与前面的问句相呼应。
9. A。根据语境可知，我们不能等待机会的来临，因此选择opportunities。
10. D。我们要积极地去创造我们想要的东西。选择create能够突出“通过自己的努力”。
11. D。从下文可知，作者索要的是Jack的个人邮箱地址。
12. D。作者给他写信与他分享自己的观点和梦想。share...with...与……分享……。
13. B。因为忙于其他事情，作者没有再和Jack联系。
14. A。根据句中的show me the way可知作者认为Jack会给他指明方向。arrow箭头，表示方向。
15. C。根据but可知，作者没有收到Jack的回信。
16. B。作者在查看邮箱的时候“突然”意识到自己是在等待。
17. A。根据文章第二段可知，有很多人想得到那张钞票，因此选择desiring。
18. B。glued to their chairs被粘在椅子上，表示他们牢牢地坐在那里等待。
19. C。根据文章内容可知作者认为消极等待是错误的做法，大家都错误地相信生命中的礼物就在不远处。因此选择falsely。
20. D。这些人都有“顺其自然”的心理。
三、阅读理解
本文是一篇人物专访。Loe是“自己种植”现代生活方式的实践者，她热衷于自己种植香草和味道新鲜的食物，并将食物装入密封罐中保持最佳风味，她的另一个兴趣来源于传播这些知识和观念给孩子们，让他们理解保护地球的责任。
1. The underlined word “prerequisite” (Pare. 1) is closest in meaning to “______”.
A. recipe B. substitute C. requirement D. challenge
1. C。根据第一段第二句“On a mere 1/10 of an acre ... and preserve much of the food they consume”可知面积并不是硬性要求。句意：Loe正在做的一切证明一个大农场对“自己种植”现代生活方式来说并不是一个硬性要求。故选C。requirement 要求。
2. Why does Loe suggest starting with herbs?
A. They are used daily. B. They are easy to grow.
C. They can grow very tall. D. They can be eaten uncooked.
2. B.根据第四段中“Start with herbs... they’re very forgiving ...”可知香草很容易生长。forgiving 宽容的，这里说明这种植物对生长的条件要求不高，如浇水多少都会长得好，故选B。
3. According to Loe, what is the benefit of canning her planted foods?
A. It can preserve their best flavor. B. It can promote her online sales.
C. It can better her cooking skills. D. It can improve their nutrition.
3. A。根据第五段中“there is a moment when it’s bursting with its absolute peak flavor. ‘I try to keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar,’”可知将种植的食物装入密封罐中保存的好处是能够保持最佳的风味。故选A。注意A选项和原文相近的表达best flavor和absolute peak flavor。
4. What is the “the bigger picture” (Para. 6) that Loe wishes her children to understand?
A. The knowledge about good food. B. The way to live a grow-our-own life.
C. The joy of getting in touch with foods. D. The responsibility to protect our earth.
4. D。从最后一段最后一句中“...that if we don’t take care of the earth, no one will.”可知 the bigger picture 指的是保护地球的责任。
四、短文改错
Grandma Moses was crazy about painting soon she picked it up and worked hard at it. She painted and her works were nice. She first painted only to please, and then began to sell her works a little money. In 1993, a collector, Louis Caldor to see several of Grandma hanging in a shop. He liked them, them at once, and set out to look for. Caldor held a show to introduce the works of Grandma Moses other artists. Grandma Moses, who was world-famous, was—— died on December 13, 1961, at the age of 101.
五、书面表达
Hi Sharon,
This is Li Xia. I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin. I am quite interested in it. I think I’m fit for it. As a student, I have been learning Mandarin for many years. In addition, I am Chinese, which means Mandarin is a must for me to communicate with others in my daily life. So I’m quite confident that I can help you learn Mandarin.
Learning Mandarin takes time, so if you want to learn it well, you should spend much time practicing Mandarin every day. As the saying goes, practice makes perfect. Besides, you can also read some books in Chinese, see some Chinese films and listen to some Chinese radio programmes. Speaking and listening are very important for language learning, by which you are sure to make great progress.
In your post, you say you can teach English as a reward. It is just what I want. I’m eager to improve my English. So, if you allow me to help you learn Mandarin, you can also help me improve my English. We can contact each other by video chat every night for half an hour in English and half an hour in Chinese, so that we can improve our oral speaking.
Hope for you early reply!
Yours Sincerely,
Li Xia
真题再现
副词部分：
1.（2019安徽模拟）They gave money to the old people's home either ______ or through their companies.
A. legally B. sincerely C. personally D. deliberately
2.（2019浙江模拟）Most of us, if we know even a little about where our food comes from, understand that every bite put into our mouths was _________ alive.
A. steadily B. instantly C. formerly D. permanently
3.（2019湖北模拟）The girl used to be shy, but is _______ getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.
A. gradually B. usually C. previously D. merely
4. It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is another to play it well ourselves.
A. quite B. very C. rather D. much
5. I’ve been writing this report ______ for the last two weeks, but it has to be handed in tomorrow.
A. finally B. immediately C. occasionally D. certainly
并列连词部分：
1. （2019 北京模拟）He is a shy man, _______he is not afraid of anything or anyone.
A. so B. but C. or D. as
2. —Someone wants you on the phone.
— _______ nobody knows I am here.
A. although B. And C. But D. So
3. _______ the Internet is of great help, I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time on it.
A. If B. While C. Because D. As
4. In some places women are expected to earn money men work at home and raise their children.
A. but B. while C. because D. though
5. John plays basketball well, _____his favorite sport is badminton.
A. so B. or C. yet D. for
答案与解析：
副词部分：
1. C。本题考查的是副词的用法，A选项“法律上地”；B选项“真诚地”；C选项“个人地”；D选项“故意地”，根据语意选C。
2. C。句意：就算我们很少了解食物来自于哪里，我们大多数人都明白，放在我们的口里的每一点食物在之前都是活着的。steadily意为“稳定地”；instantly意为“立即地”；formerly意为“先前地”；permanently意为“永久地”。根据句意及常识不难得出答案，在吃入口中之前的都是活着的。
3. A。句意：那个女孩过去很害羞，但现在在团队合作中逐渐变得积极起来，（比以前）更愿意表达自己的想法了。gradually 逐渐地；usually 通常，经常；previously 以前；merely 仅仅。故选A。
4. A。考查副词的辨析。句意：“听音乐是一回事，但是演奏音乐完全是另一回事。” 在第二句中another后省略了thing。Another是一个不分级的形容词，修饰不可分级的形容词如right，wrong，ready，full，empty，perfect，impossible，alone，unique 等时，通常只用 quite，此时quite 并不表示“相当”或“很”，而表示“完全”。如：You’re quite right （wrong）。 你完全正确（错了）。quite another (thing)表示“完全不同、完全是另一回事”。故选A项。
5. C。考查副词结合语境的用法。前半句说话人“写报道”用了进行时，再加上后半句是“明天必须上交”，说明没有写完，因此不能是时间点标志的副词finally“最后”；immediately “立刻”，而occasionally “偶尔，间或”符合句意。D选项certainly“当然”，是干扰选项不贴切句意。
连词部分：
1. B。根据选项判断本题考查连词，翻译前后两句的含义，应该是转折关系，用but。
2. C。第二个人的话承接第一个人的话表示转折。句意为：—有人在电话里找你！— 但是没有人知道我在这儿啊！
3. B。句意为：尽管因特网是很有帮助的, 但我认为在网络上花费太多的时间不是个好主意。while引导让步状语从句, 意为 "尽管"。4. B。句意为：有些地方, 妇女被要求挣钱而男人在家里干活和养育孩子。从该句句意可知, 此题用while表示妇女与男人两种情况的对比。A项but表示转折, C项because表示原因, D项though表示让步, B项while表示并列。
5. C。句意：约翰篮球打得好，然而羽毛球才是他最喜欢的运动。yet表示转折；so表示因果；or表示选择；for表示原因。
语法讲解
副词部分
副词的类别
时间副词：now，then， today，tomorrow，ago，lately，soon，immediately，often，usually，early
地点副词：outside，upstairs，anywhere，up，forward，here，there，away，in back，off
方式副词：simply，quickly，happily，loudly，suddenly，luckily，again，once，easily，together
程度副词：very，quite，rather，extremely，completely，widely，partly，perfectly，badly，too
疑问副词：when，where，why，how
关系副词：when，where，why?
连接副词：when，where，why，how?
其他：surely，certainly，really，however，therefore，perhaps，moreover，yes，no??
副词的句法功能
副词修饰动词、形容词或副词，说明动作或状态的特征。?
作状语 作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。
Of all the boys he came (the) earliest.
He worked in Beijing for almost twenty years. (修饰动词)
He plays tennis very badly. (修饰副词)
作表语?
Sorry，Mr. Smith isn’t in. He is out.
Time is up.
作定语（通常后置）?
On our way home，we saw a traffic accident.?
The building here is completed last year.
作宾语补足语?
I saw you out with Mr. White yesterday morning.?
Truly I will attend your wedding ceremony.
副词的位置
1. 副词修饰形容词、副词时，应放在被修饰成分之前，但enough必须位于被修饰的词之后。如：
This book is quite interesting.
The boy is old enough to go to school.
2. 频度副词(always，often，usually，never，seldom，hardly，sometimes等)要放在实义动词之前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。?
Children often go to the park with their parents on Sundays.
3. 地点副词、时间副词、方式副词常位于句末。?
I remember seeing you somewhere.
4. 同时出现几个副词的排列顺序：方式副词→地点副词→时间副词。?
Mr. Brown drove his car quickly outside then.
5. 修饰全句的副词多置于句首。这类副词有：significantly（明显地，显著地），(un)luckily（幸运地），merely（仅仅, 只不过），certainly（无疑地; 确定地；肯定地）simply（简单地; 仅仅; 只不过），fundamentally（基础地；根本地；重要地），increasingly （日益，越来越多地；不断增加地）；strangely （奇妙地；不可思议地；怪异地），apparently（显然地；表面上，似乎），(un)fortunately等等。
Fortunately，he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA men.
6. neither, never, seldom, hardly等否定半否定副词放在句首时，句子要部分倒装。
Never will I go to the forest with you!
兼有两种形式的副词
有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词形式相同，另一种是在形容词后加-ly。这两种形式的副词在意义上有所不同：不带-ly的副词往往表示的是具体概念(也就是词的本义)；加-ly的往往表示抽象概念(也就是词的引申义)。
close与closely?
close意思是“近”；closely 意思是“仔细地”?
He is sitting close to me. ?
Watch him closely.
deep与deeply
deep意思是“深”，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，“深深地”。?
He pushed the stick deep into the mud.
Even father was deeply moved by the film.
high与highly?
high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much。
The plane was flying high.
I think highly of your opinion.
wide与widely?
wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地，在许多地方”。?
He opened the door wide.
English is widely used in the world.
free与freely?
free的意思是“免费”；freely 的意思是“无限制地”。?
You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.?
You may speak freely; say what you like.
形容词和副词做状语的区别：
形容词作状语时表示伴随、原因等，或是对主语进行解释，可以看成是“being+形容词”，位于句首、句中或句尾，表示伴随时通常用逗号与其他成分隔开。
He lay in bed, wide awake．
He went to bed, cold and hungry．
副词主要用作状语，修饰动词、形容词、从句或整个句子。修饰整个句子时，可置于句首、句中或句尾。
Fortunately, he escaped from the fire．
I like the bag very much.
几组副词辨析
very, much
very修饰形容词和副词的原级，much修饰形容词或副词的比较级；修饰动词用much或very much。
very修饰被用作形容词的现在分词或过去分词。
I’m very tired. I need to have a good rest.
We enjoyed the trip very much.
already, yet, still
already表示某事已经发生；yet表示期待发生；still表示某事仍在进行。already和yet可以用于疑问句，但含义不同：yet= up to this moment; already = sooner than expected
He had already left when I called.
You have already finished it?
He said he hadn't received a letter from her yet.
The fish is still alive.
【 副词】
pretty, prettily
pretty作形容词意为“漂亮”，作副词意为“很，非常”；prettily意为“漂亮地”。
He seems pretty satisfied with the result.
She decorated the room prettily.
late, lately
late意思是“晚”；lately 意思是“最近”?
I stayed up late last night.
Where have you been lately?
rather, very, quite, fairly
quite可以修饰绝对意义上的形容词，如perfect, worry, right等，还可以修饰动词。
rather常用来修饰贬义的形容词或副词，如bad，poor，badly等；fairly常用来修饰褒义的形容词或副词，如nice，well，clever等。
如果修饰中性的形容词或副词，如easy，fast，thin等，fairly表示肯定的概念，即说话人的态度是赞美的、满意的；而rather表示否定的概念，即说话人是不满意的。
只有rather可以修饰比较级或者too。
quite放在a的前面；fairly放在a的后面；rather放在a的前面后面均可。
I’m quite sure you are right.
I quite agree with what you said.
We are having rather cold weather for June.
His room is fairly tidy.
His room is rather untidy.
The house is rather bigger than we thought.
These shoes are rather too small.
rather/quite a nice day
a rather/fairly nice day
possibly, probably, likely
可能性最大的是probably；possibly与can/could搭配；probably与will/ would搭配。
Could you possibly lend me a million dollars?
Would you probably lend me a million dollars?
It’s likely that he will come.
He is likely to come.
too much, much too
too much后接不可数名词；much too后接形容词或副词。
The bag is much too heavy.
The bucket contains too much water.
loud, aloud, loudly
loud强调“大声”；aloud强调“出声”；loudly强调大声得有点扰人。
Speak louder so that the people at the back can hear you.
Read aloud instead of reading in silence.
Don’t speak loudly. The baby is sleeping.
almost, nearly
大部分情况下二者可以通用。almost可以和不定代词连用，nearly可以和数词搭配。
He fell and almost/nearly broke his neck.
He ate almost nothing.
My son is nearly 7 years old.
sometime, sometimes, some time, some times
sometime某个时间；sometimes有时；some time一段时间；some times几次，几倍
I’ll go and see you sometime next week.
I sometimes go to see a film with my friends.
He has waited for you for some time outside.
everyday, every day
everyday为形容词，每日的；every day为副词短语，每天
I go to school every day.
I enjoy everyday life.
maybe, may be
maybe是副词，或许；may be为“情态动词+谓语”结构。
Maybe you are right.
He may be waiting for you outside.■
“too...to...”结构特殊用法
“too...to...” 意为“太……而不能……”，是一个否定的结构。但在下面的情况下却表示肯定的含义：
当在该结构中的too或to前加上否定词not或never等时，表示肯定含义。“cannot/can never...too...to...”为常见的用法，它可以与“cannot/can never.../ enough to...”进行转化。When crossing the street, you can never be too careful/ careful enough.
当“too...to...”结构中的副词too后接apt, ready, anxious, eager, glad, willing等形容词时，该结构表达肯定的含义。?
She is too willing to marry him. （她很愿意嫁给他。）
当too...to...结构中的副词too前面有all, but, only, quite等修饰时，该结构表达的也为肯定的含义。?
I am only too pleased to help you. （帮助您让我很高兴。）?
常考的15个“长难”副词
1. moreover adv. 而且，再者，此外，加之
The price of the car is too high，and moreover it isn’t in a suitable position.
2. therefore adv. 因此，所以
He was busy; therefore he could not come.
The new trains have more powerful engines and are therefore faster.
3. otherwise adv. 否则，不然
You must pay your taxes on time; otherwise, you will be punished.
4. meanwhile adv. 与此同时，在此期间
Jane was painting the wall and meanwhile Pat was watching TV.
5. practically adv. 几乎，简直，差不多；实际上，事实上
The holidays are practically over; there is only one day left.
Practically，we have solved all these problems.
6. gradually adv. 逐渐地
Things gradually improved.
And gradually their talk ceased; long silence followed.
7. actually adv. 实际上，事实上，说实在的
Actually that’s not quite right.
He talks big but doesn’t actually do anything.
8. approximately adv. 大约，大概
The accident happened at approximately 5：30.
These visits had continued regularly，approximately every third week.
9. generally adv. 通常，一般，广泛地，普遍地
Doctors generally work long hours.
Generally he watches TV for two hours in the evening.
10. obviously adv. 明显地，显然
He was obviously drunk.
He found a young and beautiful girl, who kept shouting and crying, obviously mad.
11. however adv. （表示转折）可是，然而
My room is small; however, it’s comfortable.
He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however.
12. extremely adv. 极其，非常
I admire his courage extremely.
I can’t work because your radio is extremely loud.
13. narrowly adv. 勉强地，差点没
He narrowly escaped being run over.
He narrowly missed being seriously injured.
14. occasionally adv. 偶尔，间或
We only have dinner parties very occasionally these days.
It’s all right to borrow money occasionally，but don’t let it become a habit.
15. eventually adv. 最后，终于
He worked so hard that eventually he made himself ill.
We waited three days for the letter and eventually it came.
并列连词部分：
（连词包括并列连词和从属连词，前者连接并列的句子，后者连接各种从句，他们的用法在从句中讲解）
分类
表示递进关系：and, not only...but also..., neither...nor...., not...but...
表示选择关系：or, either...or..., otherwise
表示转折关系：but, yet, whereas, while等
表示因果关系：so, for
when可以用作并列连词，意为“那时，这时”，相当于and at that/this time。常用于下列句式：
Somebody was doing something when...
Somebody was about to do/was going to do/was on the point of doing something when...
Somebody had just done something when...
and和or
and表示顺承，和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件；or用于选择时意为“或者”，用于选择时意为“即”，用于祈使句中意为“否则”。
both... and... ……和……都……，既……又……，连接并列成分做主语时谓语动词用复数。
I spoke to both the director and her secretary. (连接并列名词)
She’s both pretty and clever. (连接并列的形容词)
She both dances and sings. (连接并列动词)
not only...but (also)...
not only...but (also)...不但……而且……，应连接两个相对称的并列成分。not only … but also 连接两个分句，并且 not only 位于句首时，第一个分句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。not only … but also 不能用在否定句中。
Not only Mr. Lin but also his son joined the Party two years ago. （连接两个主语）
I not only play tennis but also practice shooting. （连接两个谓语动词）
He plays not only the piano but also the violin. （连接两个宾语）
They speak English not only in class but also in the dormitory. （连接两个地点状语）
Not only does the sun give us light but also it gives us heat.
neither...nor...
neither...nor... 既不……也不……，引导并列成分做主语时，谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后面的词保持一致。
Neither you or he is a little baby.
either...or...
either...or... 或者……或者……，用于连接两个性质相同的词或短语。引导并列成分做主语时，谓语动词采用就近原则。
Either he or you are right.
either…or…除可连接两个词或短语外，有时也可连接两个句子。
Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you.
not... but...
not... but... 不是……而是……，谓语动词采用就近原则。
Not money but wisdom is what we want.
for和so
for连接两个句子时，第一个句子表结果，第二个句子表原因。
He is satisfied with the result, for the problem has been solved successfully.
so连接两个句子时，第一个句子表原因，第二个句子表结果。
The problem has been solved successfully, so he is satisfied with the result.
because和for
because后接原因从句，表示直接的理由; for引导并列从句，表示附加的理由或者推断的理由。because可以用于回答问题，for不行，for不能用于not...but结构中。
The reason I am here is because I want to ask for your help.
The oil must be out, for the light went out.
巩固练习
一、单项选择
1.（2019 福建省高三毕业班质量检查）The farmers’ living conditions have improved_______ ever since the policy of supporting agriculture was introduced.
A. differently B. roughly C. approximately D. significantly
2. （2019 湖北省黄冈中学等八校高三第二次模拟考试） You are to meet with frustration in the pursuit of success and through greater effort and hard work your dream will definitely come true. Put it ______, “No pains, no gains.”
A. frequently B. firmly C. openly D. simply
3. （2019 江苏省南通市高三第二次调研测试）In order to keep their mother living with them confidently, the people ______ leave the washing-up for her after meals.
A. morally B. liberally C. deliberately D. compulsorily
4. As a typist, the most important aspect of the job is to be able to type quickly and _____.
A. faithfully B. actually C. roughly D. accurately
5. These days strange things happened ______ in the small village, which caused a panic among the villagers.
A. frequently B. fluently C. regularly D. deliberately
6. Many students tried their best not to make careless mistakes in the examination but some of them_______ found they failed.
A. eventually B. completely C. exactly D. effectively
7. A volcano in Indonesia erupted on November the 16th, 2010, and _____, hundreds of people were killed.
A. consequently B. continuously C. constantly D. consistently
8. —Credit cards are useful when traveling.
—True. They save us the trouble of taking too much cash.
A. particularly B. partly C. exactly D. gradually
9. — Have you read the newly-published novel by J. K. Rowling?
— Yes. I ______ recommend this book to anyone who is sick of the same old stories.
A. briefly B. instantly C. fully D. awfully
10. She is fed up with sharing a house with others; _______, she is looking for her own flat.
A. moreover B. otherwise C. however D. therefore
11. ________, the excited crowds in the square suddenly became so quiet. It’s still puzzling.
A. Personally B. Naturally C. Somehow D. Anyway
12. Maureen hasn’t been feeling well ______. You’d better go and see her.
A. late B. latest C. latter D. lately
13. The boy was wandering through the street ______ a bike hit him.
A. when B. once C. while D. as
14. — Why were you absent yesterday?
— I caught a cold, _______ I had been walking around in the rain.
A. but B. so C. and D. for
15. Jim went to answer the phone. _______, Harry started to prepare lunch.
A. However B. Nevertheless C. Besides D. Meanwhile
二、完形填空
阅读下列短文，掌握其大意，然后从1—20各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
On a cold winter day, I waited in line to see my hero, Jack Canfield, the author of The Success Principles
During his talk, Jack__1__his wallet, pulled out a hundred-dollar bill, and said, “Who wants this？”__2__shot up in the audience; people leaned forward to see whom Jack would__3__.But I jumped up, ran up the__4__to the stage, and grabbed the bill. As I was launching myself in the air, thoughts__5__through my mind—was I about to be humiliated (羞辱) in front of 800 people？Would they__6__security guards and take me from the stage？__7__my desire for bold action was louder than any__8__voice.
As I got the bill from his hand, he said, “That’s it！We can’t wait for the__9__to come to us. We must take action to__10__what we want！”
After his talk, I managed to formally meet Jack and boldly asked for his__11__email address. Over the next months, I sent him emails__12__my vision and dreams with him. He kindly emailed back lots of encouragement. But my life got __13__ with other things. I stopped emailing Jack.
A year later, my dreams had worn away. I thought Jack would inspire me into action, like a giant__14__that would show me the way.
I emailed him, and then again—but got no__15__.As I sat down at my computer to check my emails, I__16__woke up. What was I doing？I was waiting！Now I remembered the crowd, most likely__17__that hundred-dollar bill, while they sat__18__to their chairs.
Usually we all have a “Jack” for whom we wait—whether it’s a person, a place or a thing.We__19__believe the gifts of life are just around the corner, and that everything will come in a(n)__20__way.So we don’t try. We give up. But as Wayne Gretzky said：“You’ll always miss 100% of the opportunities you don’t take！” So I stopped waiting and started my writing career.[来源:Z,xx,k.Com]Now what are you waiting for?
1. A. stretched out B. reached for C. stuck to D. handed in
2. A. Cheers B. Shouts C. Heads D. Hands
3. A. offer B. greet C. like D. choose
4. A. path B. road C. steps D. route
5. A. raced B. started C. appeared D. existed
6. A. ask B. call C. demand D. order
7. A. And B. So C. But D. Or
8. A. careful B. doubtful C. meaningful D. helpful
9. A. opportunities B. times C. results D. aims
10. A. attract B. accept C. restore D. create
11. A. professional B. secret C. public D. personal
12. A. disclosing B. describing C. presenting D. sharing
13. A. quick B. busy C. full D. loose
14. A. arrow B. gate C. exit D. entrance
15. A. news B. notice C. response D. reaction
16. A. gradually B. suddenly C. immediately D. slowly
17. A. desiring B. claiming C. begging D. worshiping
18. A. lost B. glued C. opposed D. devoted
19. A. sincerely B. honestly C. falsely D. correctly
20. A. difficult B. impressive C. early D. natural
三、阅读理解
（2019 湖北模拟）阅读下面短文，从题中所给的四个选项（A， B， C和D）中选择正确的答案。
What Theresa Loe is doing proves that a large farm isn’t prerequisite for a modern grow-your-own lifestyle. On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles, Loe and her family grow, can (装罐) and preserve much of the food they consume.
Loe is a master food preserver, gardener and canning expert. She also operates a website, where she shares her tips and recipes(食谱), with the goal of demonstrating that everyone has the ability to control what’s on their plate.
Loe initially(最初) went to school to become an engineer, but she quickly learned that her enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparing her own food. “I got into cooking my own food and started growing my own herbs (香草) and foods for that fresh flavor(口味)” she said. Engineer by day, Loe learned cooking at night school. She ultimately(最后) purchased a small piece of land with her husband and began growing their own foods.
“I teach people how to live farm-fresh without a farm,” Loe said. Through her website Loe emphasizes that “anybody can do this anywhere.” Got an apartment with a balcony (阳台)? Plant some herbs. A window? Perfect spot for growing. Start with herbs, she recommends, because “they’re very forgiving.” Just a little of the herbs “can take your regular cooking to a whole new level,” she added. “I think it’s a great place to start.” Then? Try growing something from a seed, she said, like a tomato or some tea.
Canning is a natural extension of the planting she does. With every planted food, Loe noted, there’s a moment when it’s bursting with its absolute peak flavor. “I try and keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar,” Loe said. “Canning for me is about knowing what’s in your food, knowing where it comes from.”
In addition to being more in touch with the food she’s eating, another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children: “Influencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding the bigger picture,” she said, “that if we don’t take care of the earth, no one will.”
四、短文改错
Grandma Moses was crazy about painting soon before she picked it up and worked hard at it. She painted careful and her works were nice. She first painted only to please oneself, and then began to sell her works with a little money. In 1993, a collector, Louis Caldor happens to see several of Grandma Moses’ work hanging in a shop. He liked them, buying them at once, and set out to look for less. Caldor held a show to introduce the works of Grandma Moses other artists. Grandma Moses, who was world-famous, was died on December 13, 1961, at the age of 101.
五、书面表达
（2019 四川模拟）假如你是李夏。你看到美国留学生Sharon在网上发贴，希望有人能帮助她提高普通话（Mandarin）水平，她可以教英语作为回报。请根据以下提示用英语给她写一封电于邮件。
1.表达给她提供帮助的意愿；
2.说明你能胜任辅导的理由；
3.给出讲好普通话的两点建议；
4.提出你学习英语的具体需求。
注意：
1. 词数120左右，开头语已为你写好；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
Hi Sharon,
This is Li Xia. I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin ___________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours Sincerely,
Li Xia
答案与解析
一、单项选择
1. D。differently 不同地；roughly 粗糙地；approximately 大约；significantly 显著地。本句句意是“农民的生活条件得到显著提高”。
2. D。put it simply 简单地说；简而言之
3. C。句意：为了让母亲一直和他们自信地生活在一起，那对夫妇故意在餐后为母亲留下收拾碗筷的活动。Morally讲道德地；liberally自由地；deliberately故意地；compulsorily强迫地。根据句中作目的状语的不定式和空后的leave …for判断选C。
4. D。考查副词。accurately 精确地。作为一名打字员，这项工作最重要的一个方面就是快速、精确地打字。faithfully 忠诚地； actually 实际上，事实上； roughly粗糙地。
5. A。考查副词辨析。frequently 常常，频繁地。近来，一些奇怪的事情频频发生在这个小村子里。fluently 流利地；regularly 有规律地；deliberately故意地。
6. A。考查副词词义辨析。句意：许多学生在考试中尽力不犯粗心的错误，但是其中有一些最终发现自己没有做到。eventually“最终；终于”；completely“完全地”；exactly“精确地”；effectively“有效地”。A项符合题意。
7. A。考查副词词义辨析。consequently 因此，结果。句意为：在2010年的11月16日，印度尼西亚的一座火山喷发了，造成了数百人遇难。continuously 不断地，连续地；constantly 不变地，经常地；consistently 一贯地。
8. A。考查副词。修饰形容词useful，表示程度，所以用particularly，意思是“尤其”。句意为：当你外出旅游的时候，信用卡尤其有用。partly 部分地；exactly 精确地；gradually 慢慢地。
9. C。考查副词辨析。根据答语的内容可知说话全力推荐这本书，所以选fully意为“完全地”。briefly 简短地， instantly 立即， awfully非常。
10. D. 句意：她讨厌和别人同住一间房子，所以她在找自己的套房。therefore因此；moreover 此外；otherwise 否则，不然；however 然而。根据句意可知，答案为D项。
11. C。句意：不知为什么，广场上激动的人群突然安静下来，真是令人费解。Personally就个人而言；naturally 自然地；somehow 不知为什么；anyway 无论怎样。
12. D. late迟到的，晚的；latest 最迟的，最新的；latter 后者的；lately 最近，常与完成时连用。句意为: 莫林最近身体不好，你最好去看看她。
13. A。句意：那个男孩正在街上溜达，突然一辆自行车撞了他。when= and just at that moment
14. D。for在句中解释缺席的原因。其他选项不符合题干的逻辑。
15. D。句意为：吉姆去接电话，与此同时，哈里开始准备午餐。 前后两个句子是相同的语义关系，在时间上表示同时，所以用meanwhile。
二、完形填空
本文通过生动的故事告诉我们在生活中要积极地去创造机会，而不要消极地等待机会的来临。
1. B。Jack拿出钱包，取出一张100美元的钞票。reach for伸手去拿，符合语境。stretch out伸手；stick to信守；hand in提交。
2. D。很多人都举手想得到这张钞票，因此选择hands。
3. D。大家都想知道Jack会选择谁，因此选择choose。
4. C。根据后面的stage可知，跑向讲台时要上台阶，故用steps台阶。
5. A。作者当时大脑中快速地涌现了很多的想法，race意为“(因为害怕，兴奋等)快速转动”，因此选A项。
6. B。他们会叫来保安把我带离讲台吗？call表示“打电话叫来”(telephone someone and ask them to come)。
7. C。根据前面几句可知，虽然作者心中有很多想法，但是想要做出这种大胆行为的意愿比任何质疑的声音都更强烈。前后句子在句意上存在转折关系，因此选择but。
8. B。doubtful voice与前面的问句相呼应。
9. A。根据语境可知，我们不能等待机会的来临，因此选择opportunities。
10. D。我们要积极地去创造我们想要的东西。选择create能够突出“通过自己的努力”。
11. D。从下文可知，作者索要的是Jack的个人邮箱地址。
12. D。作者给他写信与他分享自己的观点和梦想。share...with...与……分享……。
13. B。因为忙于其他事情，作者没有再和Jack联系。
14. A。根据句中的show me the way可知作者认为Jack会给他指明方向。arrow箭头，表示方向。
15. C。根据but可知，作者没有收到Jack的回信。
16. B。作者在查看邮箱的时候“突然”意识到自己是在等待。
17. A。根据文章第二段可知，有很多人想得到那张钞票，因此选择desiring。
18. B。glued to their chairs被粘在椅子上，表示他们牢牢地坐在那里等待。
19. C。根据文章内容可知作者认为消极等待是错误的做法，大家都错误地相信生命中的礼物就在不远处。因此选择falsely。
20. D。这些人都有“顺其自然”的心理。
三、阅读理解
本文是一篇人物专访。Loe是“自己种植”现代生活方式的实践者，她热衷于自己种植香草和味道新鲜的食物，并将食物装入密封罐中保持最佳风味，她的另一个兴趣来源于传播这些知识和观念给孩子们，让他们理解保护地球的责任。
1. The underlined word “prerequisite” (Pare. 1) is closest in meaning to “______”.
A. recipe B. substitute C. requirement D. challenge
1. C。根据第一段第二句“On a mere 1/10 of an acre ... and preserve much of the food they consume”可知面积并不是硬性要求。句意：Loe正在做的一切证明一个大农场对“自己种植”现代生活方式来说并不是一个硬性要求。故选C。requirement 要求。
2. Why does Loe suggest starting with herbs?
A. They are used daily. B. They are easy to grow.
C. They can grow very tall. D. They can be eaten uncooked.
2. B.根据第四段中“Start with herbs... they’re very forgiving ...”可知香草很容易生长。forgiving 宽容的，这里说明这种植物对生长的条件要求不高，如浇水多少都会长得好，故选B。
3. According to Loe, what is the benefit of canning her planted foods?
A. It can preserve their best flavor. B. It can promote her online sales.
C. It can better her cooking skills. D. It can improve their nutrition.
3. A。根据第五段中“there is a moment when it’s bursting with its absolute peak flavor. ‘I try to keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar,’”可知将种植的食物装入密封罐中保存的好处是能够保持最佳的风味。故选A。注意A选项和原文相近的表达best flavor和absolute peak flavor。
4. What is the “the bigger picture” (Para. 6) that Loe wishes her children to understand?
A. The knowledge about good food. B. The way to live a grow-our-own life.
C. The joy of getting in touch with foods. D. The responsibility to protect our earth.
4. D。从最后一段最后一句中“...that if we don’t take care of the earth, no one will.”可知 the bigger picture 指的是保护地球的责任。
四、短文改错
Grandma Moses was crazy about painting soon she picked it up and worked hard at it. She painted and her works were nice. She first painted only to please, and then began to sell her works a little money. In 1993, a collector, Louis Caldor to see several of Grandma hanging in a shop. He liked them, them at once, and set out to look for. Caldor held a show to introduce the works of Grandma Moses other artists. Grandma Moses, who was world-famous, was—— died on December 13, 1961, at the age of 101.
五、书面表达
Hi Sharon,
This is Li Xia. I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin. I am quite interested in it. I think I’m fit for it. As a student, I have been learning Mandarin for many years. In addition, I am Chinese, which means Mandarin is a must for me to communicate with others in my daily life. So I’m quite confident that I can help you learn Mandarin.
Learning Mandarin takes time, so if you want to learn it well, you should spend much time practicing Mandarin every day. As the saying goes, practice makes perfect. Besides, you can also read some books in Chinese, see some Chinese films and listen to some Chinese radio programmes. Speaking and listening are very important for language learning, by which you are sure to make great progress.
In your post, you say you can teach English as a reward. It is just what I want. I’m eager to improve my English. So, if you allow me to help you learn Mandarin, you can also help me improve my English. We can contact each other by video chat every night for half an hour in English and half an hour in Chinese, so that we can improve our oral speaking.
Hope for you early reply!
Yours Sincerely,
Li Xia