Unit 4Astronomy:the science of the stars
Section Ⅰ— Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading & Comprehending
课后篇巩固提升
一、用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空
in time be harmful to give birth to in one’s turn prevent...from... be puzzled about come into
existence
1.During the car accident,he was to escape from the car without being hurt.?
答案in time
2.No matter what will happen,nothing and nobody can the plan being carried out.?
答案prevent;from
3.She lost heart since she failed in the exam.She her future.She had no idea what to do next.?
答案was puzzled about
4.Scientists have many theories about how the universe first .?
答案came into existence
5.After the second competitor went off the stage,my son went onto the stage to perform .?
答案in his turn
6.He told us happily that his wife would a baby the next week and that he would be a father.?
答案give birth to
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.As you know,the customers have (multiply) their demands on this kind of products recently.?
答案multiplied
2.Many of them believe the (exist) of ghosts.?
答案existence
3.It is known that a bad eating habit is (harm) to one’s health.?
答案harmful
4.There were 200 people (presence) at the meeting.?
答案present
5.He looked (puzzle) so I repeated the question.?
答案puzzled
6.The prisoner was led off the boat in (chain).?
答案chains
7.A (violence) tornado hit a village in southwest of China the other day.?
答案violent
8. (like) what he said,he didn’t carry out his promise.?
答案Unlike
三、单句填空
1.People can’t afford expensive things the prices of daily goods going up.?
答案with
2.That’s the best way (stop)people getting into dangerous areas.?
答案to stop
3.The top leaders of G20 are discussing the global problems a friendly atmosphere.?
答案in
4.Please remember wins you respect is not your background and appearance but your knowledge and virtues.?
答案what
5.As the busiest woman in the neighbourhood,she made her duty to look after all other people’s affairs.?
答案it
6.Going on a trip into space must be quite exciting experience.?
答案an
7.We can’t continue to pretend that the problem of homelessness doesn’t exist this city.?
答案in
8.It’s extremely (unlike) to reach an agreement between us.?
答案unlikely
四、翻译句子
1.如果你想及时参加会议,必须现在动身。(in time)
?
?
答案You must set off now if you want to attend the meeting in time.
2.他们轮流回答张先生的问题。(turn)
?
?
答案They answered Mr.Zhang’s questions in turn/by turns.
3.你的想法在理论上是对的。(theory)
?
?
答案Your idea is right in theory.
4.这次大雪对我们的交通很不利。(harmful)
?
?
答案This heavy snow is harmful to our traffic.
五、阅读理解
Next Stop Planet—Mars
/
Fly me to the moon?That’s not far enough.On September 14,2011,NASA released designs for a super rocket,the Space Launch System(SLS).This time the final destination will be Mars.
The SLS is a huge,liquid-fuelled rocket.If it is fully developed,it will be the most powerful rocket ever built.Its lift capability(容量)will be much bigger than that of the space shuttle of Saturn 5,the rocket that sent the Apollo missions to the moon.
NASA is planning to launch its first unmanned test flight in 2017.It is hoped that the first crew will fly in 2021 and astronauts will make it to a nearby asteroid(小行星)in 2025.NASA hopes to send the rocket and astronauts to Mars from the asteroid by the 2030s,according to the Associated Press(AP).
NASA used liquid rockets to send Apollo,Gemini and Mercury into space,but later changed to solid rockets boosters(助推火箭)because they were cheaper.Unluckily,however,a booster flaw(缺陷)caused the space shuttle Challenger to crash in 1986.The new project plans to return to liquid fuel.
According to AP,the rockets will at first be able to carry 77 to 110 tons of payload(净载重量).In the end they will be able to carry 143 tons into space,maybe even as many as 165 tons,NASA officials said.By comparison,the Saturn 5 booster could lift 130 tons and the space shuttle just 27 tons.
However,unlike reusable shuttles,these powerful rockets are mostly one use only.New ones have to be built for every launch.This will be very costly.
NASA estimates(估计)that it will cost about $3 billion(19 billion yuan)per year,or $ 18 billion until the first test flight in 2017.NASA hopes to make money by allowing private companies to send astronauts to the International Space Station like giant taxi services,so that the program can be “sustainable(养得起的;可持续的)”.
“This is perhaps the biggest thing for space exploration(探索)in decades,”said Senator Bill Nelson,a former astronaut.“The goal is to fly humans safely beyond low-Earth orbit(轨道)and deep into outer space where we cannot only survive,but one day also live environmentally friendly.”
1.How much will SLS program cost by the year 2017?
A.$3 billion. B.$6 billion.
C.$9 billion. D.$18 billion.
答案D
解析细节理解题。从第七段第一句“NASA estimates that it will cost about $3 billion(19 billion yuan)per year,or $18 billion until the first test flight in 2017.”可知答案。
2.According to NASA’s schedule,it will take years to fully complete the SLS program.?
A.about 6 B.about 10
C.less than 14 D.more than 19
答案D
解析推理判断题。从第一段开始的时间为On September 14,2011可知,该计划完成的时间为by the 2030s,故完成共需19年多,选D项。
3.It can be inferred from the passage that .?
A.the SLS program is planning to make reusable rockets
B.the goal of the SLS program is to enable humans to live on the moon
C.the US government may not have provided enough money for the SLS program
D.NASA will use SLS as a space taxi between the Earth and Mars
答案C
解析推理判断题。从第六段第一句“However,unlike reusable shuttles,these powerful rockets are mostly one use only.”可知A项错误;从第三段最后一句“NASA hopes to send the rocket and astronauts to Mars from the asteroid by the 2030s...”可知B项错误;从第七段第二句“NASA hopes to make money by allowing private companies to send astronauts to the International Space Station like giant taxi services,so that the program can be sustainable.”可知D项错误,故选C项。
六、语篇填空
No one 1. (know)exactly how the earth began.According to a 2. (wide)accepted theory,the universe began with a “Big Bang”,3. exploded loudly and produced water vapour and many 4. ,(gas)making the earth’s atmosphere.As the earth cooled down,water appeared and stayed 5. the surface.It was the presence of water that allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas,which made 6. possible for life to develop.First,the appearance of small plants encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.Next,green plants began to grow on land,7. (follow) by land animals.So reptiles appeared for the first time.Later,dinosaurs developed.However,they suddenly disappeared.After that,mammals came into being.Finally,humans 8. (appear)and spread all over the earth.However,they are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,9. (make)the earth too hot to live on.So,whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on 10. this problem can be solved.?
答案1.knows 2.widely 3.which 4.gases 5.on
6.it 7.followed 8.appeared 9.making 10.whether
课件35张PPT。Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the starsThe Eye of Heaven
【语篇导读】500米口径球面射电望远镜被誉为“中国天眼”,截至2019年8月28日“中国天眼”已发现132颗优质的脉冲星候选体,其中有93颗已被确认为新发现的脉冲星。The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST),nicknamed “Tianyan”,“Heavenly Eye” or “The Eye of Heaven” is a radio telescope located in the Dawodang depression (大窝凼洼地).It is a natural basin in Pingtang County,Guizhou Province,southwest China.It consists of a fixed 500m diameter dish constructed① in a natural depression in the landscape②.It is the world’s largest filled-aperture radio telescope.
Construction on the FAST project began in 2011 and was completed in September 2016.Its receiving area is equivalent③ to about 30 football fields.Astronomers are able to use FAST to survey hydrogen in the Milky Way and other galaxies and study the origin and evolution④ of the universe.Over 2,700 pulsars(脉冲星) have been identified since the first one was discovered by British astronomers Jocelyn Bell Burnell and Antony Hewish on Nov.28,1967.But almost all of them are within the scope of the Milky Way.Many scientists expect FAST to be the first telescope to capture a pulsar outside the galaxy.Technical preparations have been made for FAST to search for pulsars outside the Milky Way.
FAST is believed to be the world’s most sensitive radio telescope.Engineers have said it is so sensitive that it could capture the signal of a cell phone being used on the moon.So far,FAST has discovered 132 pulsars,93 of which have been identified as newly-found pulsars.?
FAST is expected to discover twice the number of pulsars currently known and it is highly likely to make breakthroughs⑤ in the study of gravitational waves and general relativity theory.FAST will remain the global leader for the next 10 to 20 years.词海拾贝
①construct vt.建设
②landscape n.风景
③equivalent adj.相等的
④evolution n.进化;发展
⑤breakthrough n.突破
典句欣赏
Engineers have said it is so sensitive that it could capture the signal of a cell phone being used on the moon.
译文:工程师们说,它非常敏感,可以捕捉到月球上使用的手机的信号。
分析:Engineers have said是主句,it is...是省略了连接词that的宾语从句,so...that...引导的是结果状语从句,being used on the moon是动词-ing形式的被动式做定语。理解诱思
1.What do many scientists expect FAST to do?
?
2.What is the author’s attitude toward FAST?
?
答案:1.To capture a pulsar outside the galaxy.
2.Confident.Section Ⅰ— Warming Up,Pre-reading, Reading & Comprehending一二一、词汇新知
1.通过查阅词典,写出下列单词的派生词
(1)religion n.宗教;宗教信仰→ adj.宗教的 ?
(2)globe n.球体;地球仪;地球
→ adj.全球的;总体的;球体的?
(3)violent adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的
→ adv.猛烈地;激烈地
→n.暴力 ?
(4)unlike prep.与……不同;不像→ prep.像;如同?religious global violently violence like 一二2.用所给词组的适当形式填空
lay eggs,give birth to,in one’s turn,prevent...from,in time
(1)I intended to catch the early train,but I didn’t get up .
(2)The boy lied that the cock yesterday.?
(3)Now that I have finished buying,Tom, ,should cook.?
(4)We should the children playing fire.?
(5)Now the couples are permitted to two children.?in time laid eggs in his turn prevent from give birth to 一二3.语境考查:预习Reading部分的词汇,完成下列小对话或语段
(1)—What do you think of our education (制度)??
—It needs improving.
(2)—Did you see the film last night?
—Yes,I did.It is the most (暴力的) film that I have ever seen.
(3)—Thank you for your coming to help me (及时).
—You are welcome.
(4)—Air pollution is (有害的) to our health.?
—So we should do something to prevent air pollution.
(5)Li Mei is an eleven-year-old girl. (不像) other girls,she thinks more about the world around her.She likes the grass and flowers that (生存) in her school.She always tries her best to (阻止) others from hurting them.Li Mei is clever and likes to solve (智力游戏).?system violent in time harmful Unlike exist prevent puzzles 一二二、阅读导学
阅读课文“HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH”,根据课文内容选择正确答案
1.What is the right order according to the text?
①Animals appeared and spread.
②The formation of the earth.
③Plants appeared.
④Difference between the earth and other planets.
A.②—③—④—① B.②—④—③—①
C.③—④—①—② D.②—①—④—③
2.Why was the earth different from other planets?
A.It produced a lot of heat. B.Water remained.
C.Water disappeared. D.It was the oldest planet.B B 一二3.What is the main cause that life was able to develop on the earth but not on other planets?
A.The earth had a solid shape.
B.The earth did not have harmful gases in its atmosphere.
C.Water stayed on the earth but not on other planets.
D.The earth was neither too hot nor too cold.
4.Why was it necessary for plants to grow before animals?
A.Animals needed plants to protect them from the sun.
B.Plants provided oxygen for animals to breathe.
C.Animals could hide from hunters in the forest.
D.It was easier for plants to grow.CB 一二5.It can be inferred from the text that .?
A.after the “Big Bang”,what the dust was to become remained a mystery
B.plants appeared before the animals
C.the plants multiplied and filled the oceans with oxygen
D.plants played an important part in the appearance of the animalsD12345 The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.(Page 25)
地球(开始)变得激烈动荡,不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。
★violent adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的
①【高考典句】(2018·江苏高考)Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might imitate the things they see.
小孩子不应该接触暴力电影,因为他们可能会模仿他们看到的内容。
②After violent arguments,they reached an agreement at last.
经过激烈的争论之后,他们最终达成了协议。
③Her husband is a violent man.
她的丈夫是一个粗暴的人。12345猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的;
鲜艳夺目的 猛烈地;激烈地 暴力;暴行 合作探究
(1)读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,注意黑体词的用法。
④【高考典句】(2018·北京高考)However,anger can easily turn violent.
⑤Her cheeks turned a violent red colour.
⑥His heart is beating violently in his breast.
⑦Kindness and violence can reproduce themselves.
(2)写一写·勤总结1234512345Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but,unlike the earth,it had disappeared later.(Page 26)
像火星一样其他行星上也曾出现了水,但和地球不同的是,这些水后来都消失了。
★unlike prep.不像;不同
①【高考典句】(2019·浙江高考)But unlike most collectors,Zac tracks down the medals’ rightful owners,and returns them.
但是不像其他的收藏者,Zac追踪获取奖牌的合法所有人,并还给他们。
②Unlike his brother,he has a strong sense of humour.
和他哥哥不同,他幽默感很强。12345合作探究
(1)读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,注意黑体词的用法。
③【高考典句】(2018·全国I高考)Besides,you’d better bring some gifts,like a book or a Chinese knot.
④He is very ill and unlikely to recover.
⑤We are likely to start at 5:00.
⑥The twins are so alike that I can’t tell which is which.
(2)写一写·勤总结像 不大可能的 可能的 相像的 (地)12345 (3)学一学·用句型
句型一:It is unlikely that...不可能……
⑦It is unlikely that he will have a chance to go abroad.
他不大可能有机会出国。
句型二:It’s very unlike sb.to do sth.做某事实在不像某人平时的作风。
⑧It’s very unlike him to shout at his son.
朝着儿子大声叫喊实在不像他平时的作风。1234512345 What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.(Page 26)
很多科学家相信,由于地球上长期有水存在,使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。
★harmful adj. 有害的
①Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.
她受欢迎的1962年的书籍《沉默的春天》让人意识到了污染和化学物质对人类和世界上的湖泊和海洋的有害影响。12345合作探究?
(1)读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,注意黑体词的用法。
②Fruit juice can be harmful to children’s teeth.
③【高考典句】(2018·全国Ⅱ高考)It may harm children’s health.
④Reading in bed will do harm to your eyes.
=Reading in bed will do your eyes harm.
⑤They killed the harmless old man in cold blood.
⑥This is a harmlessly childish game.
⑦Cell phone companies have been all too eager to stress their products’ harmlessness.12345(2)写一写·勤总结对……有害 伤害对……有害 无害的;无辜的 无害地 无害 (3)学一学·用句型
句型:There is no harm in doing sth.做某事无害。
⑧There is no harm in talking with him face to face.
和他面对面谈一谈没有害处。 123451234512345 They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.(Page 26)
它们也生蛋而且在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。
★exist vi. 存在;生存
①Few of these monkeys still exist in the wild.
这些猴子野生的已为数不多了。
②We can’t exist without food and water.
没有食物和水我们是不能生存的。12345合作探究?
(1)读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,注意黑体词的用法。
③It was impossible for them to exist on the money they earn.
④Problems also exist in agriculture.
⑤The new design will eventually replace all existing models.
⑥Nobody knows exactly when the earth came into existence.
⑦This new method was brought into existence in 1980 fiftieth.
⑧This house has been in existence for many years.12345(2)写一写·勤总结 靠……为生 存在于 现有的;现行的 存在;生存 开始存在;开始成立 使发生/产生 存在 (3)学一学·用句型
句型:There exists/existed...某地有……
⑨There exists a man-made miracle—the Old Summer Palace in Beijing.
在北京存在着一处人造的奇迹——圆明园。1234512345 These animals were different from all life forms in the past,because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.(Page 26)
哺乳动物不同于以往所有的生命形态,因为它们生出幼仔,用自己的母乳喂养。
★give birth to 产生;分娩
①The tiger gave birth to a baby tiger last night.
昨天晚上那只老虎产了一个虎仔。
②It was the history that gave birth to the social sciences.
对历史的研究孕育了社会科学。12345合作探究
(1)读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,注意birth的用法。
③The baby weighed three kilos at birth.
婴儿出生时体重为三千克。
④She’s Italian by birth but is now an Australian citizen.
她血统上是意大利人,但现在是澳大利亚公民。
(2)记一记·长知识12345一、单句填空
1.There is a great concern about (violent)among teenagers.?
答案:violence
2.The two (system) of government are different.?
答案: systems
3.Jack,will you be back in time supper??
答案:for
4.Being addicted to computer games is (harm)to your health and study.?
答案:harmful
5.It is impossible (multiply) these bacteria in the laboratory.?
答案:to multiply6.She (lay) the baby down gently on the bed.?
答案:laid
7.He began to pay attention to (religion) problems.?
答案: religious
8.This plan can never be prevented being carried out.?
答案:from
9.There was a (puzzle)expression on her face when she heard the question.?
答案:puzzled
10.Lately, (globe) warming has become a very hot issue.?
答案: global二、用课本中出现的短语完成下列句子
1.To our surprise,his speech (以……开始)a popular song.?
答案:began with
2.The doctor came (及时)to save the sick man.?
答案:in time
3.As is well known to us,smoking (对……有害)our health.?
答案:is harmful to
4.My grandmother raises hens because they (下蛋).?
答案:lay eggs
5. (轮到我时),I’m too excited to speak.?
答案:In my turn Section Ⅱ— Learning about Language,Using
Language,Summing Up & Learning Tip
课后篇巩固提升
一、用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空
now that break out more than watch out block out
get the hang of die out make up begin...with cheer up
1.The speaker his speech his self-introduction yesterday.?
答案began;with
2. Bill has a long holiday,he can go abroad to have a trip.?
答案Now that
3.You look sad. !Everything will be all right soon.?
答案Cheer up
4.That guy was a dangerous person.You should for him.?
答案watch out
5.Something unexpected always in this area.?
答案breaks out
6.The heavy smoke from the big fire is rising into the sky, the sunlight.?
答案blocking out
7.Scientists predict about two thousand species will probably in a century.?
答案die out
8.Press the button when the light goes on—you will soon it.?
答案get the hang of
9.The farmers from villages about 15 percent of the city’s total population.?
答案make up
10.He is a good teacher,but a close friend to us all.?
答案more than
二、同义句改写
1.I have explained it three times,but he is too stupid to understand such a truth.
I have explained it three times,but he is he can’t understand such a truth.?
答案so stupid that
2.Since you have got such a good chance,you should make full use of it.
you have got such a good chance,you should make full use of it.?
答案Now that
3.This week it is your turn to do the housework.
This week you do the housework .?
答案in your turn
4.As we all know,smoking does harm to our health.
As we all know,smoking our health.?
答案is harmful to
三、单句填空
1. (float) like a ball in the salty water of the Dead Sea is an unforgettable experience.?
2. (amaze) at his final score,he decided to treat himself to a big dinner.?
3.I was lucky enough (invite) to such an important party.?
4.When we get closer to the moon,we shall feel its gravity (pull) us,but it will not be as strong a pull as the earth’s.?
5.The only thing (physics) feel certain is that this mystery matter makes up 95% of the universe.?
6.I pulled (gentle) at his arm,but it seemed as if he had forgotten my existence.?
7.With the weather becoming hotter and hotter,we need curtains to block the sunshine.?
8.Seeing we were all in low spirits,the teacher told a funny but moving story to cheer everyone at the beginning of the class.?
答案1.Floating 2.Amazed 3.to be invited 4.pulling
5.physicists 6.gently 7.out 8.up
四、阅读理解
September 21,2050—At a press conference today it was announced that the first tourist heading for Mars will be the 38-year-old US businessman Patrick Clifford.He will leave the earth in the launching window of June 2052 and set his foot on the surface of Mars in November,together with the other 6 astronauts assigned for the mission to further explore the planet.
Patrick has now two years of training ahead of him to get ready for the trip.Not only will he spend five months in getting to Mars,but another 600 days there before he can go back home.Patrick was of course very excited,“This has been my dream since I was four,and seeing the first man on Mars 20 years ago made me realize that it was possible.”
To be able to pay the $ 1.3 billion for his ticket for the trip Patrick sold his majority stake(股份)in the company his father had built.“I know that my father would have been proud of me if he had still been alive today,he knew what this means to me”,says Patrick.There is no risk though that you will find Patrick begging in your street corner when he comes back,but it is said that he was paid twice as much for his part of the company.?
So,how is he going to spend his 600 days on the red planet?“Well,since I don’t have a job when I get back after selling the company,I have plenty of time to come up with a new business idea”,he says and laughs.If he brings a shovel(铁锹)he can start building the first hotel there,but maybe he shouldn’t expect too many guests until someone can offer a cheaper ticket.
1.How long will Patrick Clifford be away before he comes back?
A.About five months.
B.About two years.
C.About 600 days.
D.About 750 days.
答案D
解析细节理解题。从第二段的句子“Not only will he spend five months in getting to Mars,but another 600 days there before he can go back home.”可知是5×30+600=750。故选D项。
2.The underlined part in Paragraph 3 means that .?
A.the trip will turn Patrick into a beggar
B.Patrick will get much money from the trip
C.we needn’t worry about Patrick’s economic condition
D.it’s likely that Patrick will be very poor after he comes back
答案C
解析推理判断题。这句话的意思是:回来后,你不会看见他乞讨的,说明不要担心他的经济状况。
3.What can be inferred from the passage?
A.Patrick is an optimistic man.
B.A total of six people will go to Mars.
C.Patrick’s father felt excited at the news.
D.Patrick will spend all his money on the trip.
答案A
解析推理判断题。从最后一段的句子“...I have plenty of time to come up with a new business idea’,he says and laughs.”可知他是乐观的。
五、七选五阅读理解
If you are already making the time to exercise,it is good indeed!With such busy lives,it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. 1 Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.?
●Your productivity is improved.Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. 2 ?
●Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start. 3 If you work out in the mornings,then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day,not in your sleep.?
● 4 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.Exercise energizes you,so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.?
● 5 If you work out bright and early in the morning,you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day.Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food?You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.?
There are a lot of benefits to working out,especially in the mornings.Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out!You will feel energized all day long.
A.You will stick to your diet.
B.Your quality of sleep improves.
C.You prefer healthy food to fast food.
D.There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.
E.You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.
F.After you exercise,you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
G.If you are planning to do exercise regularly,or you’re doing it now,then listen up!
答案1~5 GEFBA
六、选词创境
运用下列写作词汇,自己创设一个语境,形成一个小语段。(3~5句)
break out,prevent...from,harmful,unlike
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
参考范文
A big fire broke out in a chemical factory and it gave off harmful gases.Li Hua,a ten-year-old boy and many other people were injured in the fire.Unlike other people,the boy cried all the time though two nurses were looking after him.Seeing the injured people,I thought something must be done to prevent such accidents from happening.
课件29张PPT。Section Ⅱ— Learning about Language, Using Language,Summing Up & Learning Tip一二一、词汇新知
1.通过查阅词典,写出下列单词的派生词
(1)biology n.生物 → n.生物学家
→ adj.生物的;生物学的?
(2)gentle adj.温和的;文雅的→ adv.温和地?
(3)physicist n.物理学家→ n.物理;物理学
→ adj.物理的?
(4)weight n.重量→ v.称……的重量;重达
→ adj.失重的;无重力的
(5)exhaust vt.用尽;耗尽;使筋疲力尽→ adj.筋疲力尽的→ adj.令人筋疲力尽的?biologist biological gently physics physical weigh weightless exhausted exhausting 一二2.用所给词组的适当形式填空
cheer up,now that,break out,watch out
(1) we have come to China,let’s visit the Great Wall.?
(2)You should always for those sleeping dogs that may attack you anytime.?
(3)The young man began to when I promised to help him.?
(4)Do you know when the Second World War ?Now that watch out cheer up broke out 一二二、阅读导学
1.阅读课文“A VISIT TO THE MOON”,根据课文内容判断正“T”误“F”
( )(1)The force of gravity changed three times and the last change was the most powerful.
( )(2)We were too far from the earth to feel its pull.
( )(3)On the moon,our weight would be less than on the earth because we were too far from it.
( )(4)Leaving the moon’s gravity was as painful as leaving the earth’s.
( )(5)Space travel was very exhausting,so the writer didn’t like it at all.FTFFF一二2.阅读课文“A VISIT TO THE MOON”,根据课文内容选择正确答案
(1)The passage is mainly about .?
A.an introduction of the moon
B.the gravity that I felt on my way to the moon
C.my visit to the moon
D.my friend Li Yanping,an astronomer
(2)From the text,we know that the force of the gravity would change times.?
A.2 B.3
C.4 D.5CB一二(3)When or where did the author feel strongest of the gravity of the earth?
A.On the moon.
B.On the half way to the moon.
C.At the very beginning.
D.On their leaving from the moon.
(4)What caused the author to feel that he weighed less on the moon?
A.Spaceship. B.Gravity.
C.His friend. D.Good feelings.CB12345 As a result of this event,a great dust cloud formed in the sky blocking out the sunlight.(Page 29)
正因为这一事件,天空中形成了一团巨大的尘云,挡住了阳光。
★block out挡住,遮住(光线和声音);忘掉,抹去(不愉快的事)
①The noise from the car blocked out the sound of our voices.
汽车的噪音把我们的声音盖下去了。
②An ugly building blocked out the view from the window.
一座难看的大楼把窗外的景物遮住了。
③I try to block out the unpleasant experience.
我尽力去忘记那段不愉快的经历。12345合作探究?
(1)读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,注意block的用法。
④Snow has blocked off traffic on the motorway.
⑤The traffic is very heavy and has begun to block up the streets.
⑥My nose is blocked up with the cold.
⑦We found that a big elephant blocked our way.
(2)写一写·勤总结 封锁,封闭 阻塞;封住(孔、洞等) 挡住某人的路 1234512345 I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.(Page 31)
我立刻感到很高兴,由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去,我望着(身后的)地球越来越小,而(前方的)月球越来越大。
★cheer up 感到高兴;感到振奋
①Upon arriving at the classroom,the author was cheered up by a warm welcome.
一到教室,作者就被热烈的欢迎振奋了精神。
②Cheer up!Things will work out for the best.
振作起来!事情会有好结果的。12345合作探究?
(1)读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,注意黑体词的用法。
③The crowd cheered loudly as the Queen appeared.
④His speech was cheered by the audience.
⑤It is wonderful to see you so cheerful.
⑥Cathy didn’t expect any award but was still there to cheer on her friends and praise their accomplishments.
⑦Cheers!With our coffee cups for our future!12345(2)写一写·勤总结 欢呼;喝彩 欢快的;愉快的 为某人加油 干杯(用于祝酒) 1234512345“Oh,dear,”I cried,“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”(Page 31)
“天哪,”我大声说,“重力改变了,看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”
★now that 既然
①【高考典句】(2019·天津高考)Yet,now that I’m growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex,I find myself needing a way to escape.
然而,既然我正在长大,我曾经觉得如此简单的世界,现在正变得越来越复杂,我觉得我自己需要逃避。
②You ought to write now that you know the address.
你既然知道地址,就该写封信。12345合作探究
想一想·善辨析
辨析because,since/as/now that和for的不同用法。
③—Why do you want to go there with me?
为什么你想和我去那儿?
—Because I want to take care of you.
因为我想去照顾你。
because表示直接的原因,常用来回答why引导的问句;此外,在强调句型中,如果需要强调原因,也只能用because。12345④Since/As/Now that everything is ready,let’s begin.
既然一切准备就绪,我们就开始吧!
since/as/now that语气较弱,常用来说明已知的原因。
⑤Spring may come here,for birds are singing in the forest.
春天可能来了,因为鸟儿在林中歌唱。
for用来表示原因时是并列连词,for后的句子对前面的话进行解释,常用逗号同前面的句子分开,for不放在句首。123451234512345 We watched,amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased.(Page 31)
我们惊奇地看着,随着地球引力的增加,宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。
★break out 突发;爆发
①I was still sleeping when the fire broke out and then it spread quickly.
我还在睡觉时着火了,然后火迅速蔓延。
②War broke out one evening.一天晚上,战争爆发了。12345合作探究?
(1)读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,注意break词组的用法。
③The computer system broke down suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.
当他在因特网上搜索信息时,电脑系统突然崩溃了。
④The police came to break up the crowd.警察来把人群驱散开。
⑤Please don’t break in on our conversation.请别打断我们的谈话。
⑥You must break away from such bad habits.
你必须戒掉这样的坏习惯。
⑦We had to break into the house as we had lost the key.
因为我们弄丢了钥匙,所以不得不破门而入。12345(2)记一记·长知识 123451234512345 Watch out for...(Page 31)
当心……
★watch out 密切注视;当心;提防
①Watch out(=Take care)!There is a danger ahead.
当心!前面有危险。
②Watch out for cars when you walk along the street.
当你在街上行走时,当心汽车。
归纳 watch out后常接介词for,表示“当心……”。12345合作探究?
(1)读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,注意watch词组的用法。
③They watch closely over you.
④Please watch over the little birds for me.
⑤He kept watch while the other soldiers were asleep.
⑥The young sailor is on watch tonight.
⑦Watch your step.There’s a hole in the sidewalk.12345(2)写一写·勤总结 注视;照看;保护 放哨;站岗 值班 当心脚下 12345一、单句改错
1.Now that you have made a promise,so you must carry it on.
答案:去掉so
2.They escaped to America shortly after war was broke out in 1939.
答案:去掉was
3.We must watch out at the thieves on the bus.
答案:at→for
4.Someone saw her to come into the library.
答案:去掉to
5.The river is twice long than that one.
答案:long→longer 二、单句填空
1.The boy walked too slowly (catch)with his friends.?
答案:to catch
2.They were so lucky that they could get on the train before it pulled .?
答案:out
3.Luckily,when the fire (break)out,nobody was in it.?
答案:broke
4.The man died, (leave)his wife and child sad.?
答案:leavingSection Ⅲ— Grammar
课后篇巩固提升
一、根据句意用适当的词填空
1.They lost their way in the forest and made matters worse was night began to fall.?
答案what;that
2.It is said Peter will have a chance to travel abroad next month.?
答案that
3. the astronomers eat in space is we want to know.?
答案How/What;what
4. he lost his new car upset him a lot.?
答案That
5.I read about it in this book or that one.Does it matter it was??
答案which
6. answers the question correctly will be given a prize.?
答案Whoever
7. he didn’t come yesterday is unknown.?
答案Why
8. we will go there tomorrow or not hasn’t been decided yet.?
答案Whether
9. will be sent to help them is very important.?
答案Who
10. the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.?
答案When
11.It doesn’t matter you win or lose.?
答案whether
12.He explained why he did it,but he did it often remained a mystery.No one knew about the process.?
答案how
13.It worried the mother a lot she couldn’t afford the medical treatment for her son.?
答案that
14.It is a fact football is one of the most popular sports throughout the world.?
答案that
15. we should put the money is hard to decide.No place seems to be safe.?
答案Where
二、请将下列每组句子合并成带主语从句的复合句
1.Some schools in Guangzhou took in students from Sichuan.It is true.
?
?
答案It is true that some schools in Guangzhou took in students from Sichuan./That some schools in Guangzhou took in students from Sichuan is true.
2.What caused this strange phenomenon?It remains unknown.
?
?
答案What caused this strange phenomenon remains unknown./It remains unknown what caused this strange phenomenon.
3.Can he catch the bus?It is not clear.
?
?
答案Whether he can catch the bus is not clear./It’s not clear whether he can catch the bus.
4.When will the meeting be held?It is still a question.
?
?
答案When the meeting will be held is still a question./It’s still a question when the meeting will be held.
5.The young man died soon after he was saved.It made the rescuers very sad.
?
?
答案What made the rescuers very sad was that the young man died soon after he was saved./It made the rescuers very sad that the young man died soon after he was saved.
三、翻译句子
1.It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey.
?
?
答案她的头发变白这件事让她有点担心。
2.Whether we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
?
?
答案我们明天是否会去野营取决于天气。
3.What makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.
?
?
答案使这家商店与众不同的是它提供更多的个人服务。
4.Whoever wants to stay in the hotel has to pay their own way.
?
?
答案任何想住在这家宾馆的人都必须自己付钱。
5.How the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids puzzled people for centuries.
?
?
答案古代埃及人是如何建造金字塔困扰人们好几个世纪了。
6.That the earth moves around the sun is well known to us all.
?
?
答案地球围绕太阳转是众所周知的。
7.Is it decided that they start the project next week?
?
?
答案他们下周开始这个项目的事决定了吗?
8.It matters little how a person dies,but what matters much more is how he lives.
?
?
答案一个人怎么死的不太重要,但重要的是他是如何活着的。
四、完形填空
(2019·全国Ⅲ高考)
The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March— 1 six months out of the year.?
“Of course,we 2 it when the sun is shining,”says Karin Ro,who works for the town’s tourism office.“We see the sky is 3 ,but down in the valley it’s darker—it’s like on a 4 day.”?
But that 5 when a system of high-tech 6 was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks(山峰) into the valley below.Wednesday,residents(居民)of Rjukan 7 their very first ray of winter sunshine:A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 8 .The mirrors are controlled by a computer that 9 them to turn along with the sun throughout the 10 and to close during windy weather.They reflect a concentrated beam(束)of light onto the town’s central 11 ,creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters.When the light 12 ,Rjukan residents gathered together.?
“People have been 13 there and standing there and taking 14 of each other,”Ro says.“The town square was totally 15 .I think almost all the people in the town were there.”The 3,500 residents cannot all 16 the sunshine at the same time. 17 ,the new light feels like more than enough for the town’s 18 residents.?
“It’s not very 19 ,” she says,“but it is enough when we are 20 .”?
【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了挪威的Rjukan小镇由于安装了高科技反射镜系统,享受到了久违的阳光。
1.A.only B.obviously C.nearly D.precisely
答案C
解析根据上文提到的“from late September to mid-March”可知,Rjukan有将近六个月接受不到阳光照射,故选nearly,意为“几乎,差不多”。only“唯一的;仅有的”; obviously“明显地”;precisely“精确地; 恰好地”。
2.A.fear B.believe C.hear D.notice
答案D
解析根据下文中的“We see the sky is...”可知,当太阳照耀的时候,居民们注意到了这一点。notice“注意;留意”;fear“畏惧;害怕”;believe“相信”;hear“听到”。故选D项。
3.A.empty B.blue C.high D.wide
答案B
解析当太阳照耀时,天空是蓝色的(blue);但在山谷中,天空就暗下来了。
4.A.cloudy B.normal C.different D.warm
答案A
解析根据上文中的“but down in the valley it’s darker”可知此处表示就像是阴天(cloudy)一样。normal“正常的”;different“不同的”;warm“温暖的”。
5.A.helped B.changed C.happened D.mattered
答案B
解析根据下文中的“their very first ray of winter sunshine”可知,Rjukan的居民们享受到了第一缕暖阳,近半年得不到太阳照射的现象得以改变(change)。
6.A.computers B.telescopes C.mirrors D.cameras
答案C
解析根据下文中的“The mirrors are controlled by a computer that...”可知,小镇安装了高科技的反射镜系统,mirror意为“镜子”。 computer“电脑”;telescope“望远镜”;camera“照相机”。
7.A.remembered B.forecasted
C.received D.imagined
答案C
解析根据下文中的“their very first ray of winter sunshine”可知,小镇装上了高科技反射镜系统,居民们得以接收到了(received)冬季第一缕阳光的照射。
8.A.repair B.risk C.rest D.use
答案D
解析根据上文中的“A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside”可知,反射板被用来反射阳光,此处用固定搭配put...to use“利用……”。故选D项。
9.A.forbids B.directs C.predicts D.follows
答案B
解析根据上文可知,这些反射镜由一台电脑控制,电脑可根据太阳位置的变化,指挥(directs)反射镜旋转。
10.A.day B.night C.month D.year
答案A
解析电脑根据一整天(throughout the day)太阳位置的变化,指挥反射镜旋转,以有效反射附近山峰上的太阳光。night“夜晚”;month“月份”;year“年”。
11.A.library B.hall C.square D.street
答案C
解析根据下文中的“The town square was totally .”可知,应该是反射镜系统将集中的光线反射到小镇的中心广场(square)上,形成近600平方米的光区。?
12.A.appeared B.returned C.faded D.stopped
答案A
解析根据上文中的“creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters”可知,当光线出现(appeared)的时候,小镇居民从四周聚集而来。return“返回”;fade“褪去,失去光泽”;stop“停止”。
13.A.driving B.hiding C.camping D.sitting
答案D
解析根据上文可知,居民聚集到广场,或坐(sitting),或站,互相拍照。
14.A.pictures B.notes C.care D.hold
答案A
解析见上题解析。take pictures“拍照”;take notes“记笔记”;take care“照顾”;take hold“抓住”。
15.A.new B.full C.flat D.silent
答案B
解析根据下文中的“I think almost all the people in the town were there.”可知来到广场上的居民很多,因此整个广场是满的。故选B项。
16.A.block B.avoid C.enjoy D.store
答案C
解析根据上文可知,广场上的人很多。由此可推测3,500位居民无法同时享受(enjoy)阳光。block“阻止; 阻塞”;avoid“避开,避免”;store“贮存”。
17.A.Instead B.However C.Gradually D.Similarly
答案B
解析根据下文中的“more than enough”可知此处表示转折,因此选B项,意为“然而”。instead“代替”;gradually“逐步地,渐渐地”;similarly“相似地;类似地”。
18.A.nature-loving B.energy-saving
C.weather-beaten D.sun-starved
答案D
解析根据上文可知,居民近半年时间享受不到阳光照射,所以此处表示渴望阳光的(sun-starved)居民。
19.A.big B.clear C.cold D.easy
答案A
解析根据上文以及下文中的“but it is enough”可知,反射过来的阳光面积并不大(big)。
20.A.trying B.waiting C.watching D.sharing
答案D
解析此处表示虽然阳光面积不大,但也足够居民们分享(share)。try“尝试”;wait“等待”;watch“观看”。
五、语篇填空
Global warming could make humans shorter.Scientists claim(声称) to have found evidence that it caused the world’s first horses 1. (become) smaller nearly 50 million years ago.In fact,a team from the universities of Florida and Nebraska says 2. has found a link between the earth heating up and the size of horses,during the last time the world heated up.The scientists used fossils to follow the evolution of horses from their earliest 3. (appear) 56 million years ago.As temperatures went up,their size went 4. .The scientists say that the current warming could have the same effect 5. mammals and could even make humans 6. (small).“ Horses started out small,about the size of a small dog.What’s 7. (surprise) is that after they first appeared,they then became even smaller and then dramatically increased in size,and that 8. (exact) corresponds to (符合)the global warming event,followed by cooling.” “It had been known that mammals 9. (be) small during the last warm time,10. we hadn’t realised that temperature specifically was driving the evolution of body size,” Dr Bloch said in the Science journal.?
答案1.to become 2.it 3.appearance 4.down 5.on
6.smaller 7.surprising 8.exactly 9.were 10.but
六、短文改错
Today is Sunday.The sky is full of sunshine,and so does my life.At about 9:00 a.m.,I go to the bookstore with my friends.There were a lot of new book.I didn’t know which one to buy because these books were all usefully to me.At last,I chose two.At 10:00,we went to cinema.The film was called Captain American:Civil War but many people were waiting outside.It took us about 3 hours to see it.Having seen the film,and everyone was deeply moving.Some friends even burst out tears.That’s a really wonderful film.It is well worth see again.What a happy day! I hope tomorrow I will be even happier!
答案第二句:does→is
第三句:go→went
第四句:book→books
第五句:usefully→useful
第七句:在to后加the
第八句:but→and
第十句:删掉and;moving→moved
第十一句:out→into或者tears→crying
第十三句:see→seeing
课件18张PPT。Section Ⅲ— Grammar一二一、阅读下列句子,指出句子中画线部分的从句类型
1.What he told me was unbelievable.?
从句类型:?
2.It was right that the temple was rebuilt.?
从句类型:?
3.It is well known that China is playing a more and more important part in the world.?
从句类型:?
4.He told me that he came from the United States.?
从句类型:?
5.It was because he was ill yesterday.?
从句类型:? 主语从句
主语从句
主语从句
宾语从句
表语从句一二二、阅读下列句子,指出句子中的主语
1.A bad beginning makes a bad ending.不善始者不善终。
主语:?
2.To see is to believe.眼见为实。
主语:?
3.Raising pigs is the girl’s job.养猪是那个女孩的工作。
主语:?
4.He often gets up late.他经常起床很晚。
主语:?
5.Whether he will help us depends on you.
他是否将帮助我们取决于你。
主语:? A bad beginning
To see
Raising pigs
He
Whether he will help us名词性从句(Ⅱ)——主语从句Grammar:主语从句
一、主语从句的定义:在复合句中起主语作用的句子称为主语从句。
二、主语从句在句中作主语,有以下两种结构
1.主语从句位于句首
用“[ ]”号画出下列句子的主语从句,并译成汉语
What he did in the earthquake moved everybody.
翻译 ?
答案:[What he did in the earthquake] moved everybody.
他在地震中做的事感动了每一个人。
Whose car runs faster should be tested.
翻译 ?
答案:[Whose car runs faster] should be tested.
应该测试一下谁的车跑得更快。Who kept the door open all night was unknown.
翻译 ?
答案:[Who kept the door open all night] was unknown.
没人知道是谁让门整夜开着。2.主语从句位于句尾,用it作形式主语
用“[ ]”号画出下列句子的主语从句,并译成汉语
It is reported that the rain will stop tomorrow.
翻译 ?
答案:It is reported [that the rain will stop tomorrow].
据报道,明天雨会停。
(2018·全国Ⅱ高考)It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation.
翻译 ?
答案:It’s more likely [that none of us start a conversation].
更有可能的是,我们谁也不开始交谈。It is a pity that he didn’t come to the party.
翻译 ?
答案:It is a pity [that he didn’t come to the party].
可惜的是他没来参加晚会。
It happened that I was out that day.
翻译 ?
答案:It happened [that I was out that day].
碰巧那天我不在。
(2018·浙江高考)It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life.
翻译 ?
答案:It’s partly true [that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life].
狄更斯的写作风格吸引了各行各业的观众,这种说法不完全正确。三、主语从句的连接词可以分为以下三类:
1.that,whether
连词 that 本身没有意义,不作句子成分,只表示从句的开始,位于句首时 that 不能省略;whether/if含有“是否”的意思。
单句填空
you don’t like him is none of my business.?
答案:That
we can control the floods is still uncertain.?
答案:Whether
It doesn’t matter she will come or not.?
答案:whether2.连接代词what,who(m),which,whose,除了引导主语从句之外,还在从句中分别作主语、宾语、表语或定语;连接副词when,where,why,how除了引导主语从句之外,还在从句中作状语。
翻译下列句子,并说明引导词在从句中充当的成分
Who will do it doesn’t matter.
翻译 ?
答案:谁做这件事都没有关系。(连接代词who在从句中作主语)
What we need is more water.
翻译 ?
答案:我们需要的是更多的水。(连接代词 what 在从句中作 need 的宾语)
When we start the work is an important question.
翻译 ?
答案:我们什么时候开始这项工作是个很重要的问题。(连接副词 when 在从句中作时间状语)3.whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever与 what,who(m),which的用法一样,只是具有较强的语意,含有“凡是,不管,无论”等含义。
翻译句子
Whatever he said wasn’t true.
翻译 ?
答案:不管他说什么都不是事实。
Whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
翻译 ?
答案:不管是谁制作出最漂亮的风筝都会在风筝节上获奖。四、主语从句应注意的几个问题
1.主语从句总是使用陈述语序
单句改错
When will we start hasn’t been decided.
答案:will we→we will
What do we need is water.
答案:去掉do2.主语从句的主谓一致
(1)含有主语从句的句子,主句谓语动词多用单数形式。
(2)含有what引导的主语从句的句子,主句的谓语动词有时与表语保持一致。
(3)有两个引导词引导的主语从句若表示一件事情,主句谓语动词应该用单数形式;若表示两件事情,主句谓语动词应该用复数形式。
单句填空
Why he didn’t come to the meeting (be) a question we should make clear.?
答案:is
What he said at the meeting (be)very important.?
答案:wasWho will hold the meeting (have not) been decided.?
答案:hasn’t
What I want (be) a new bicycle.?
答案:is
What my mother bought (be) some books.?
答案:are
When and where he was born (be) not clear.?
答案:is
What caused the accident and who would be responsible for it (have) not been found out.?
答案:have3.it作形式主语和it强调句的比较
从形式上看,强调句型与it作形式主语的句型很像,但二者有本质的区别。判断关键:如把句中的It is/was和that去除,句子成分仍然完整,说明该句为强调句型,否则则为主语从句。
判断句子类型并译成中文
It is a pity that he can’t go with us.
句子类型 ?
翻译 ?
答案:主语从句;很遗憾他不能同我们一起去。
It was in Paris that they met for the first time.
句子类型 ?
翻译 ?
答案:强调句;他们第一次见面是在巴黎。4.在“It is said/believed/reported that...”“It happens/occurs that...”“It doesn’t matter that...”等句型中that引导的主语从句不可提到句首。
判断句子正(T)误(F)
( )It is said that the president will visit that country next week.
( )That the president will visit that country next week is said.
答案:T F一、单句填空
1.It has been proved eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.?
答案:that
2. matters most in learning English is enough practice.?
答案:What
3. seems to me that you disagree with the plan.?
答案:It
4. team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.?
答案:Whichever
5. leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.?
答案:Whoever二、单句改错
1.That your father wants to know is how you are getting on with your study.
答案:That→What
2.That you will be admitted to New York University will be decided by the Admission Committee.
答案:That→Whether
3.Which team will get the gifts are still unknown.
答案:are→is
4.Who will go make no difference.
答案:make→makes
5.That prices will go up are certain.
答案:are→is课件10张PPT。Section Ⅳ— Writing如何写申请信?
写作指导
申请信是应用文的一种,用于向某单位或组织提出请求、帮助或申请等。申请信的语气要诚挚、友好,对于申请的内容和原因要表达清楚,在表达自己的愿望时应礼貌而自信。针对训练
假如你是李华,你从互联网上得知一个中学生组织将在青岛举办体验生活(Experience Life)活动,欢迎各地学生参加。请写一封电子邮件申请参加。
主要内容包括:
1.自我介绍(社会实践能力);
2.参加意图(体验生活、迎接挑战);
3.希望获准。
注意:
1.词数:100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.邮件开头和结尾已为你写好。Dear Sir or Madam,
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua写作思路
第一步:简要说明信息来源,并简要陈述申请的理由;
第二步:介绍自己的情况,个人情况一般包括姓名、出生日期或者年龄、学校或者班级、个人爱好等。应突出自己的特点,具体说明申请的原因;
第三步:请求尽快答复并给予机会。素材积累
常用单词:
1.confident自信的
2.thankful感激的
3.suitable合适的
4.qualified合格的
5.position职位
6.offer提供
7.chance机会
8.opportunity机会
9.advertisement 广告
10.programme项目
11.application申请
12.possibility可能性常用语块:
1.apply for申请
2.graduate from毕业于
3.major in主修
4.be good at擅长
5.do well in在某方面做得好
6.look forward to盼望
7.for one thing一方面
8.for another另一方面
9.meet the requirements 满足条件
10.at your convenience 在你方便的时候常用句式:
1.I am writing to apply for the position of Chinese teacher.
我写信申请汉语老师一职。
2.I learned on your website that a secretary is wanted in your company.
我从你们的网站上得知你们公司要招聘一名秘书。
3.I’m writing to apply for a valuable chance to be... The following are my advantages.
我写信申请……的宝贵机会。以下是我的优势。
4.I am writing to look for... Here are my requirements.
我写信寻找……以下是我的要求。
5.I am extremely glad to see your advertisement for...
看到你登的……的广告,我非常高兴。6.I am confident that I’m equal to doing.../ I’m suitable for... /I’m qualified to do...
我确信,我能胜任做……/我适合……/我有做……的资格。
7.I am interested in... and hope to enter this significant program.
我对……感兴趣,希望加入这个重要的项目中。
8.I would really appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration.
如果你能考虑我的申请,我将不胜感激。
9.I would appreciate it if I have the chance of doing/to do...
如果我有做……的机会,我将不胜感激。
10.I am looking forward to your earliest reply at your convenience.
盼望着您方便的时候能尽早给我回复。范文赏读
Dear Sir or Madam,?
I’m Li Hua,a middle school student from Shanghai.I read the announcement of the Experience Life that you have posted on the Internet and I am interested in it.I know that you welcome students from all over the country and I’d like to take part in it.I’ve done part time jobs during holidays and had ability to take care of myself and help others.I want to experience more challenges and try to overcome them to understand the real life in the future.What’s more,I can make more friends and learn about different customs in our country as well.I would really appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration.
I am looking forward to your earliest reply at your convenience.
Yours,
Li Hua?课件21张PPT。单元重点小结重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读1.violent adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的
n.暴力 violently adv.猛烈地;激烈地?
例如:There was a violent storm yesterday,which caused buses to be late.
昨天一场猛烈的暴风雨,造成公交车迟到。
2.in time ?
on time按时;at one time曾经,一度;at a time每次,一次;at times有时;in no time立刻,马上;ahead of time提前;at the same time同时;all the time一直,始终
例如:Will we be in time for the six o’clock concert?我们来得及赶上六点钟的音乐会吗?violence 及时;终于 重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读3.harmful adj. ?
harm n.害处 vt.伤害,损害;harmless adj.无害的;be harmful to sb./sth.= do harm to sb./sth.= do sb./sth.harm 对某人/某事有害
例如:Eating a large amount of sweets is harmful to your teeth.吃太多的糖对你牙齿有害。
4.exist vi.存在;生存
n.存在,生存;come into existence形成,出现?
There exists...有……
例如:The idea exists only in the minds of those who are generous.这种想法只有那些慷慨的人才有。有害的 existence 重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读5.give birth to ?
at birth出生时;by birth天生,生来;be of good/noble birth出身名门;bring...to birth使……产生
例如:His wife gave birth to a healthy baby boy.他的妻子生了个健康的男婴。
6.prevent...from阻止;制止
同义词组:stop...from,keep...from
例如:Trees on mountains can prevent soil (from)being washed away.山上的树木能够阻止土壤被冲走。
7.puzzle n.谜;难题 vt.& vi.(使)迷惑;(使)为难
puzzle about/over仔细琢磨;puzzle out琢磨出……答案
adj.感到迷惑的; adj.令人困惑的?
例如:They are puzzling about the problem.他们正在琢磨那个问题。产生;分娩 puzzled puzzling 重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读8.now that ?
例如:Now that we have the chance to improve ourselves,we should make good use of it.
既然我们有机会来提高我们自己,那我们就好好利用它吧。
9.break out突发;爆发
break up解散,破碎,结束;break through突破;break away from脱离;break down出故障,垮掉;break in闯入;break into闯入,强行进入
例如:A fire broke out on Sunday afternoon at the scene of the explosion.星期日下午在爆炸现场发生了火灾。
10.watch out for密切注意;当心;提防
watch out小心;watch out (for)=look out (for)
例如:Watch out for the young man who is watching you.提防那个一直注视着你的人。既然 重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读1.As a result of this,many scientists believe the earth may become
.?
许多科学家认为地球可能会因此变得太热而不适合生物生存。
2.But when I tried to step forward,I found I was carried ____________ on the earth and fell over.?
但是当我试着向前迈步的时候,我发觉我被送出去很远,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍,因而我摔倒了。
3....walking does need a bit of practice gravity has changed.?
……重力改变了,看来走路也的确需要练一练了。too hot to live on twice as far as now that 重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读Noun clauses as the subject主语从句
1. it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.?
2. many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.?
3.So life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.?What What whether 重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读Instructions(指示)
1.Please pay attention to...请注意……
2.Please check that...请核实……
3.Please look at...请看……
4.Make sure that...务必……
5.Don’t forget to...不要忘记……
6.Watch out for...当心……
7.You need to...你需要……
8.You’d better...你最好……
9.You must/mustn’t...你必须/一定不要……重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读语篇填空解题技巧二 有提示词类
这种形式主要考查词性转换、名词的数、形容词和副词的比较级与最高级、动词的时态和语态、主谓一致以及非谓语动词的形式。解答这类题目时,首先需要判断设空处在句子中的功能,其次再决定该用什么形式。重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读一、提示词为动词
1.考查谓语动词时,要考虑时态、语态、主谓一致等。
【例1】 A boy on a bike (catch) my attention.?
剖析:caught 此处应为谓语动词形式,考查时态和语态。且根据上下文可以得知,此处表示过去的动作,故用一般过去时。
【例2】 Yangshuo (be) really beautiful.?
剖析:is 分析句子结构可知,这里要填写的是谓语动词的形式,而且该句描述的是客观事实,所以用一般现在时。而且主语是地名,故用单数形式,还考查了主谓一致。重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读2.考查非谓语动词时,要判断非谓语动词在句中所作的成分。
首先要考虑用动词-ing形式、-ed形式还是不定式,同时还要考虑非谓语动词的时态和语态。作主语或宾语时,通常用动词-ing形式表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体的情况。作定语时,动词与被修饰词之间是主动关系用动词-ing形式,是被动关系用-ed形式,如果强调将来的动作,用不定式。 作状语时,关键也是要看清与逻辑主语之间的主被动关系。当表示目的时,则只有不定式形式。
【例3】 It took years of work (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.?
剖析:to reduce 此处为it作形式主语,不定式作真正的主语,构成It took(sb.)some time to do sth.这一结构。重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读【例4】 A study of travelers (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.?
剖析:conducted 分析句子结构可知,句子中有谓语动词names,故这里要填写的是非谓语动词形式。conduct和a study之间为被动关系,因此用过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰a study。
【例5】 When (ask),my boys will help neaten their room, clear their plates from the table and pick up their school junk.?
剖析:asked 空格处前面虽有when,但没有主语,因此不能用谓语形式,此处为状语从句中的省略,ask的逻辑主语为my boys,根据句意可知二者为被动关系,故用过去分词形式作状语。因此用asked。重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读3.考查词性转换,可能是由动词转换成名词。需要注意名词的单复数。
【例6】 However,the worst (impress) is that I was feeling hungry all the time.?
剖析:impression 此处提示词虽然为动词,但根据分析可知,前面为形容词最高级worst,因此后面要用名词形式,故此处要用impression。重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读二、提示词为形容词或者副词
如果提示词是形容词,可能考查提示词的反义词、副词、比较级或者名词等,考查副词的情况居多。如果提示词是副词,最可能考查的是比较等级,这时要根据其标志词than、修饰比较级或者最高级的词如much,even,by far等、固定句型以及具体语境来判断是否用比较级或者最高级的形式。
【例7】 And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent,a travel company in Hong Kong,says it (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.?
剖析:regularly 此处考查形容词转换为副词的情况。分析句子结构可知,这里要填写副词修饰动词arranges。重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读【例8】 In addition to their simple beauty,what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.?
剖析:ability 考查名词。由空前的their可知,此处应用able的名词形式。
【例9】 The more Mike challenges himself,the (well) he masters his skills.?
剖析:better 分析句子可知,这里是“the+比较级,the +比较级”结构。well是副词,其比较级是better。重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读三、提示词为名词
当括号内提供的是名词时,最有可能考查的是名词的数。有时候也考查其形容词形式,但有时也可能考查其副词、动词等形式。
【例10】 As (nature) architects,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.?
剖析:natural 考查名词转换为形容词的情况。由空后的名词architects可知,要用nature的形容词形式来修饰名词。重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读四、提示词为代词
当括号内提供的词是代词时,应填其宾格、反身代词以及物主代词的形式。要根据其在句子中的成分选择正确的形式。
【例11】 But I didn’t care.A few hours before/earlier,I’d been at home in Hong Kong,with (it) choking smog.?
剖析:its 此处考查代词的转换。这里要用形容词性物主代词修饰choking smog。
【例12】 A woman on the bus shouted,“Oh dear! It’s (I).”
剖析:me/mine 此处回答上文“有人丢箱子了吗?”,因此可以将it看作回答上文提到的人,故要用宾格形式,也可以把it看作指代“箱子”,故要用mine,表示“我的箱子”。重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读【文章导读】地球之所以适合人类生存,在于它有足够的氧气、充足的水、合适的温度等。有人说,科学家发现火星也存在适合人类生存的条件。是真的吗?
The earth is the only planet(行星)that scientists think has life.Why does the earth have life while the other planets don’t? For one thing,the earth has just the right temperature.As the third planet from the sun,the earth seems to be just the right distance away.The planets which are closer to the sun are so hot because their surfaces are baked (烘烤)in the sun.The farthest planets are cold balls.?重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读When the earth developed—which scientists believe may have happened about 4 billion years ago— many gases covered the earth.The gases caused the earth to be hot.But something wonderful happened.The temperature was just right for thick clouds to form.It rained very hard for a very long time.This gave the earth its oceans. Water made it possible for plants to grow.The plants created oxygen in the atmosphere.Oxygen is the gas that humans and animals breathe.
Another planet in the solar system seems to be something like the earth.That planet is Mars (火星).Mars is smaller than the earth,and it is quite a bit cooler.But it is not too cold for humans.On some days,the temperatures are as low as a winter day in the northern United States.If you wore a special space suit,you could walk around on Mars.You would have to bring your own air to breathe,as the air on Mars is too thin to breathe.重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读Mars has the largest volcano(火山)in the solar system.It is sixteen miles high.The highest volcano on the earth is five miles high.The most unexpected sight on Mars is dried-up river beds.Scientists believe that Mars was once much better than it is now.Does this mean there could have been living things on Mars? Scientists are not sure,but there has been no sign so far.重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读【理解诱思】
1.Why does the earth have life?
答案:The earth has just the right temperature,enough oxygen in the atmosphere,the right distance away from the sun,and so on.
2.What does the underlined phrase “the third planet” in the first paragraph refer to?
答案:The earth.
3.Why do people think probably there have been living things on Mars?
答案:Mars is not too cold for humans.Besides,there are dried-up river beds on Mars.Scientists believe that Mars was once much better than it is now.
