Unit 2Healthy eating
Section Ⅰ— Warming Up,Pre-reading,
Reading & Comprehending
课后篇巩固提升
一、用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空
lose weight lose one’s balance out of curiosity win back go on a diet get away with tell lies
1.Whoever breaks the school rules will never it.?
答案get away with
2.Mary thinks she is so fat that she has to .?
答案go on a diet
3.As parents,if you often ,how could you expect your children to be honest??
答案tell lies
4.It will not be easy for you to your lost things again.?
答案win back
5.The reporter asked the famous singer several personal questions .?
答案out of curiosity
6.In order to ,some women only eat raw vegetables.?
答案lose weight
7.The old lady was knocked down by a running car, and lay down on the ground.?
答案lost her balance
二、阅读理解
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself,quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad.What is she reading?None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time.And like more Americans,she’s not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America.More than half (53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent) have lunch by themselves.Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore,74 percent,according to statistics from the report.
“I prefer to go out and be out.Alone,but together,you know?” Bechtel said,looking up from her book.Bechtel,who works in downtown West Palm Beach,has lunch with coworkers sometimes,but like many of us,too often works through lunch at her desk.A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.She returns to work feeling energized.“Today,I just wanted some time to myself,”she said.
Just two seats over,Andrew Mazoleny,a local videographer,is finishing his lunch at the bar.He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流).“I reflect on how my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said.“It’s a chance for self-reflection.You return to work recharged and with a plan.”
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone.There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one,but those days are over.Now,we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table.“It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demeritt,whose company provided the statistics for the report.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过具体的数据和例子说明,由于有智能手机相伴,单独就餐已成为一种趋势。
1.What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?
A.Food variety. B.Eating habits.
C.Table manners. D.Restaurant service.
答案B
解析推理判断题。根据本段提到的数据以及“meals are eaten alone in America”“have breakfast alone”“have lunch by themselves”以及“eating together”可知,这些数字是关于饮食习惯的。
2.Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?
A.To meet with her coworkers.
B.To catch up with her work.
C.To have some time on her own.
D.To collect data for her report.
答案C
解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “Lunch is Bechtel’s ‘me’ time.”以及第三段的最后一句“Today,I just wanted some time to myself...”可知,她喜欢出去吃午饭是因为她想有一些属于自己的时间。
3.What do we know about Mazoleny?
A.He makes videos for the bar.
B.He’s fond of the food at the bar.
C.He interviews customers at the bar.
D.He’s familiar with the barkeeper.
答案D
解析推理判断题。根据第四段中的“or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis”可知,他对酒吧的老板可以直呼其名,由此推测他们应该很熟悉。
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.The trend of having meals alone.
B.The importance of self-reflection.
C.The stress from working overtime.
D.The advantage of wireless technology.
答案A
解析主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是最后一段中的“That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone.”可知,本文主要介绍了人们单独就餐的趋势。故选A项。
三、七选五阅读理解
Chopsticks
1.When chopsticks were invented?
In fact,before the invention of chopsticks,Chinese ancestors actually used hands to eat,but how did they eat soup and porridge? 1 Chinese started to use chopsticks about 3,000 years ago in Shang Dynasty.?
2.Who invented chopsticks?
The records of using chopsticks have been found in many written books but lack physical evidence.However many stories are about the invention of chopsticks.One says that Jiang Ziya,an ancient wise man,created chopsticks. 2 But there is no exact history record about the invention.We can only say that smart ancient Chinese invented chopsticks.?
3.How to use Chinese chopsticks.
Using two slim sticks to pick up food is actually not difficult.You can do it if you practice it for some time,even if you are a foreigner.The key to managing chopsticks is keeping one chopstick in position while moving the other to pick up food. 3 ?
4.Chopsticks manners
Chopsticks are usually held in the right hand,and left-handed chopstick use is considered as improper in China.Playing with chopsticks is thought to be impolite. 4 ?
5.The philosophy of Chinese chopsticks
Chinese philosopher Confucius(孔子)advised people to use chopsticks instead of knives because the metal knives remind people of cold weapons,which mean killing and violence.
6.A chopsticks-themed museum can be found in Shanghai
If you are truly interested in chopsticks,you can pay a visit to the Shanghai Chopsticks Museum.The museum gathered more than 1,200 pairs of chopsticks from China,South Korea,Japan and Thailand. 5 ?
A.Chopsticks were introduced to many other neighbor countries due to its lightness and convenience.
B.It is considered to be polite and thoughtful to pick up food for the elderly and children.
C.Bamboo chopsticks are most frequently used in Chinese daily life.
D.The oldest one was from the Tang Dynasty.
E.There also go around some other stories.
F.Remember to practice with patience.
G.They had to use sticks to eat them.
答案1~5 GEFBD
四、课文语篇填空
Wang Peng 1. (feel) very frustrated when he saw 2. of his customers would eat in his restaurant.3. his opinion,nothing could be 4.(good)than his fried rice,barbecued mutton kebabs,roast pork or his sugar cola.When 5. (follow) one of his best friends into Yong Hui’s 6.(new) opened restaurant,he was amazed at 7. menu there: raw vegetables served in vinegar,fruit and water.In order to win his customers back,he went to the library to do some research,8. showed that Yong Hui’s menu didn’t give the customers energy-giving food.In fact,there were 9. (weak)in Wang Peng’s menu as well.So the only solution is to combine the two menus to get a 10.(balance)diet.?
答案1.felt 2.none 3.In 4.better 5.following
6.newly 7.the 8.which 9.weaknesses 10.balanced
课件52张PPT。Unit 2 Healthy eatingChinese Kebabs draw foreigners
【语篇导读】中国美食闻名世界,其中烤串以其独特的风味吸引着外国食客。
After a boring day at the office,one of the most enjoyable things to do is head out to a Chinese kebab(烤肉串) restaurant with friends to enjoy several skewers(扦子) of the roasted meat known as chuan in Chinese.Throw in the bonus of a cold beer on a hot day and it’s easy to understand why these dishes are particularly popular① in the summer.This spicy(辛辣的) roasted meat combined② with a freshly brewed beverage(酿造饮料) creates a pleasant chill that contrasts with the outside high temperature.Foreigners who live in China for a while often frequent③ Chinese kebab restaurants.So what do they think about Chinese kebabs and what brought them there?
“Honestly,I didn’t like it when I first tasted it because our tastes are different from Chinese.But now I am used to it.Now it’s okay.I like it very much,” Ali,a 26-year-old student from India,told the Global Times.
Having fallen in love with the special flavor,Ali goes to the Muslim Canteen on the campus of the Beijing Language and Culture University three to five times a week with his friends to enjoy some real Xinjiang kebabs.?It seems that Xinjiang kebabs are particularly popular among foreigners.“Most of the time,when I really want to eat some good meat,some good kebabs,I go to a Xinjiang restaurant,” Adam-djobo Djalilou,a 26-year-old student from Togo,told the Global Times.
Although most Chinese kebabs are spicy,that is too simple of a description⑤ to capture⑥ the various flavors that exist across different regions of the country.Zhang pointed out that kebabs in Northeast China are less spicy than those found in the southern parts of China,while Beijing kebabs tend to be salty.词海拾贝
①popular adj.受欢迎的
②combine vt.结合
③frequent vt.常去
④description n.描述
⑤capture vt.捕捉典句欣赏
Having fallen in love with the special flavor,Ali goes to the Muslim Canteen on the campus of the Beijing Language and Culture University three to five times a week with his friends to enjoy some real Xinjiang kebabs.
译文:阿里爱上了这种特殊的风味,每周和朋友们一起去北京语言文化大学校园的穆斯林食堂三到五次,享受真正的新疆烤肉。
分析:本句是一个简单句。Having fallen in love with the special flavor是动词-ing形式的完成式做原因状语,to enjoy some real Xinjiang kebabs是动词不定式短语做目的状语。理解诱思
1.Why did Ali dislike kebabs at first?
?
2.What kind of food do you like best? Recommend it to your classmates.
?
答案:1.He has a different taste./His taste is different.
2.(Open.)?Section Ⅰ— Warming Up,Pre-reading, Reading & Comprehending一二一、词汇新知
1.通过查阅词典,写出下列单词的派生词
(1)protect vt. 保护→ n.保护?
(2)balance vt.平衡;权衡 n.太平;平衡 → adj.平衡的;均衡的 ?
(3)weak adj.虚弱的 → n. 缺点;虚弱;弱点?
(4)strong adj.强壮的→ n.强项;长处;力量
→ vt.增强;加强?protection balanced weakness strength strengthen 一二2.用所给词组的适当形式填空
tell a lie,win...back,get away, with,ought to,lose weight
(1)All of us try our best to protect our school.?
(2)—What do you think of Jack?
—He is a man who often .?
(3)—How can I her trust??
—You can turn to Mr.Wang for help.
(4)I have decided to so that I can try that beautiful dress.?
(5)The thieves jewellery worth over $50,000.?ought to tells a lie win back lose weight getting away with 一二3.语境考查:预习Reading部分的词汇,完成下列小对话或语段。
(1)—What kind of person is Mary like?
—She is a clever girl but likes (说谎).
(2)—Jack has cheated in the English test.
—The teachers won’t let him (不受惩罚) it.?
(3)Health plays an important role in our life,so we should pay attention to our diets.We (应该) eat healthy food.
(油炸) food is not a good choice.If you are fat,you have to (减肥).And you will (赢回) your good shape.?telling a lie/telling lies get away with ought to/should Fried lose weight win back 一二二、阅读导学
1.阅读课文“COME AND EAT HERE(1)”,判断正(T)误(F)
( )(1)Usually Wang Peng’s restaurant was full of people.
( )(2)Yong Hui could make people thin in two weeks by giving them a good diet.
( )(3)Wang Peng’s customers might get fat after eating in his restaurant.
( )(4)Yong Hui’s menu gave customers more energy-giving food.
( )(5)Wang Peng’s menu gave customers more protective food.TFTFF一二2.阅读课文“COME AND EAT HERE(1)”,选出下列题目的正确答案:
(1)Wang Peng’s research showed .?
A.he offered a balanced diet
B.both of them offered a balanced diet
C.Yong Hui offered a balanced diet
D.neither of them offered a balanced diet
(2)What was Wang Peng’s impression upon Yong Hui’s restaurant?
A.The food was nice both in quality and quantity.
B.All the people there were very fat.
C.There were few choices of food and drink on the menu and the prices were much higher.
D.It was noisy and busy.DC一二(3)“The competition between the two restaurants was on!” means “ ”.?
A.The competition came to an end
B.The competition didn’t start
C.The two restaurants would put up more signs as their advertisements
D.Neither of the restaurants would give way to each other
(4)What was the result of eating in Wang Peng’s restaurant?
A.People often became thin very soon.
B.People often became fat very soon.
C.People often became tired quickly.
D.People often became happy.DB1234567Everybody has to eat,but do you eat a healthy diet?(Page 9)
每个人都必须吃饭,但是你吃得健康吗?
★diet n.日常饮食 vi.节食
①【高考典句】(2018·全国Ⅱ高考)Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop.
在中国,日常饮食发生了变化——因此,主要农作物也发生了变化。
②A good diet is beneficial to health.
良好的饮食有益于健康。
③Most of us have dieted at some time in our lives.
我们大多数人都曾在人生的某个时期节食过。1234567合作探究?
(1)读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,注意diet词组的用法及意义。
④Have you been on a diet?You’ve lost a lot of weight.
⑤You must go on a diet because you are too fat.
⑥The doctor put him on a diet after operation.
(2)写一写·勤总结 在节食 按规定饮食/节食(表示动作) 限制某人饮食 1234567(3)想一想·善辨析
diet与food用法辨析⑦【高考典句】(2018·全国Ⅱ高考)You will stick to your diet.
你要坚持你的饮食习惯。
⑧【高考典句】(2019·江苏高考)Nowadays the priority for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
现在,旅游的重点从购物转向食物和风景。12345671234567 What will happen to you if you don’t eat a balanced diet?(Page 9)
你如果没有均衡饮食将会怎样?
★balance vt.平衡;权衡 n.天平;平衡
①When you learn to ride a bicycle you must learn to balance.
你学骑自行车时必须学会平衡。
②We must balance the good and bad of things.
我们必须权衡事物的善与恶。
③【高考典句】(2019·北京高考)An A-team may require a balance—not just A players,but a few generous B players as well.
一支甲级的队伍可能需要一种平衡——不仅需要A级队员,也需要一些慷慨的B级队员。
④Weigh that loaf of bread on the balance,please.
请把那块面包放在天平上称一称。1234567合作探究
(1)读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,注意balance短语的用法及意义
⑤You have to balance the advantages of living in the countryside against the disadvantages.
你得权衡一下住在乡下的好处和坏处。
⑥When he was running after his brother,the boy lost his balance and had a bad fall.
当这个男孩追赶他哥哥的时候,他失去平衡,狠狠摔倒在地。
⑦I found it hard to keep my balance on the icy path.
我觉得在结冰的小道上走路要保持身体平衡是相当困难的。1234567(2)写一写·勤总结
①balance A against B ?
②keep/lose a/one’s balance ?
③on balance ?
④balanced adj. ?
keep/eat a balanced diet ?权衡/比较 A和B 保持/失去平衡 总的来说 保持(或显示)平衡的 保持均衡饮食 12345671234567“Nothing could be better,”he thought.(Page 10)
他想:“再没有比这些更好吃的了。”
剖析比较级与否定词连用,表示最高级含义。
①No singing star is more popular with the young than her.
没有一个歌星比得上她受青年人的欢迎。(她最受欢迎)
②—Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away?
你住得那么远,我送你一程好吗?
—Thank you.It couldn’t be better.
谢谢,那再好不过了。1234567合作探究
阅读下列句子,指出比较级表示最高级含义的方式。
③How beautifully she sings!I have never heard a better voice.
她唱得多美妙啊!这是我听过的最好听的声音。
方式1:never/not 与比较级连用表达最高级的含义。
④China is larger than the other countries/any other country/any of the other countries in Asia.
中国是亚洲最大的国家。
方式2:“比较级+than+the other+名词复数/any other+名词单数/any of the other+名词复数”表达最高级的含义。?
⑤She cares more for money than anything else.
她最爱钱。1234567方式3:“比较级+than +anything/anyone else”表达最高级的含义。?
⑥Nothing else is as precious as water in the desert.
在沙漠里,没有什么比水更珍贵。
方式4:“nothing else+is+as+形容词或副词的原级+as+名词”表达最高级的含义。123456712345671234567Tired of all that fat?Want to lose weight?(Page 10)
肥腻的东西吃厌了吧?想变瘦吗?
剖析这两句均是省略句。作为广告用语,常用省略句的形式。完整形式分别为:Are you tired of all that fat?Do you want to lose weight?
①【高考典句】(2019·北京高考)We arrived home in the afternoon,tired but pleased.
我们下午到家,虽累但高兴。
★be/get tired of (doing) sth.对(做)某事感到厌倦
②Everybody has got tired of his endless speech.
大家对他的无休止的演讲感到厌烦了。
③We both got tired of each other.
我们两个都对彼此感到厌倦了。1234567合作探究1?
(1)读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,注意黑体词的用法。
④Teaching can be a tiring and stressful job.
⑤He was above all a good and tireless writer.
⑥Buying a house can be a very tiresome business.
⑦The manager shook his head tiredly.
(2)写一写·勤总结 使……疲倦;使……厌烦 令人疲劳的;累人的 不知疲倦的;不厌倦的 令人厌烦的;讨厌的 厌倦地 1234567We all felt it tiring to sit there all the afternoon,because the speech was very tiresome,but the tireless speaker spoke endlessly,which made all of us very tired.
我们都认为整个下午坐在那里很累人,因为演讲让人很厌烦,但是不知疲倦的演讲者无休止地讲话使我们都感到很疲倦。
★lose weight 减轻体重;减肥
⑧It is clear that she has lost weight,for she looks much slimmer than she did last year.
很显然她减肥了,因为她看上去比去年苗条多了。1234567合作探究2?
(1)读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,注意黑体词的用法。
⑨No more for me.I have to watch my weight.
⑩He had put on weight and aged a little.
Some people do gain weight after they stop smoking.
These goods are sold by weight.
Within two weeks,she gained five pounds in weight.
How many pounds do you weigh?
I weighed the benefits of the plan against the risks.1234567(2)写一写·勤总结 控制体重 增加体重 长胖 按体重 重达,称重;权衡 123456712345671234567Curiosity drove Wang Peng inside.(Page 10)
王鹏受到好奇心的驱使,走了进去。
★curiosity n. 好奇心
①【高考典句】(2018·天津高考)The people in the hall seemed very nosy ,keeping their eyes on me with curiosity.
大厅的人似乎很爱窥探,眼睛好奇地盯着我。1234567合作探究
(1)读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,注意黑体词的用法。
②The letter wasn’t addressed to me but I opened it out of curiosity.
③His explanation to his magic performance met/satisfied our curiosity.
④Burning with curiosity,she ran across the fields after the dog.
⑤She showed great curiosity about my past.
⑥The boy was watching the cartoon about dinosaurs with curiosity,and he was curious about dinosaurs’ disappearance from the earth and curious to find out the mystery.1234567(2)写一写·勤总结 满足某人的好奇心 出于好奇 对某事表现出好奇心 好奇地 好奇的 对……好奇 好奇想做某事 123456712345671234567He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies!(Page 10)
他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们后跑掉!
剖析can’t/won’t have sb.doing sth.不能容忍某人做某事
①He won’t have boys arriving late.
他不允许男孩子们迟到。
②I won’t have you smoking at your age.
我不能让你在这个年纪就抽烟。
★get away with被放过;(做坏事)不受惩罚;携带……跑掉
③The policeman can’t have the thief get away with stealing people’s money.
警察不会让小偷偷了人们的钱然后跑掉。
④Thieves robbed the bank and got away with a lot of cash.
盗贼们抢劫了银行,并携带大量现金潜逃了。1234567合作探究
(1)读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,注意lie词组的用法。
⑦A white lie is better than a black lie.
⑧You should be ashamed of yourself for telling such a big lie.
⑨All their hopes lie in him.
⑩You’ll be more comfortable if you lie on your back/side/stomach.1234567(2)写一写·勤总结 善意的谎言 恶意的谎言 弥天大谎 存在于;在于 侧卧 仰卧 俯卧 1234567(3)想一想·善辨析
辨析lie和lay的不同用法。1234567The boy lying under the big tree lied to his friends that the cock in his house had laid an egg and it was laid by his mother.
躺在大树下的男孩对他的朋友们撒谎说他家的公鸡下了一个蛋,并让妈妈放起来了。123456712345671234567 Perhaps with a discount and a new sign he could win his customers back.(Page 10)
也许打点折,写个新的招牌,他能够赢回顾客。
★discount n.折扣
①At that shop you can get discount.
你在那家商店买东西可以打折。1234567合作探究1?
(1)读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,注意黑体词的用法。
②The store discounts all its slow-selling goods.
③The old model worker’s rich experience cannot be discounted.
④We bought a new flat at a discount of 10%.
(2)写一写·勤总结 给……打折扣 以……的折扣价 以折扣价 给某物提供折扣 1234567★win...back 赢回;重新获得
⑤How can I win back the love she has given to the other man?
我怎么才能重新获得她已给了别人的爱呢?
合作探究2
(1)读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,注意win词组的用法。
⑥We are trying to win him around/over.
⑦I was glad to hear that you have won first prize/place in the English speech contest.
(2)写一写·勤总结
win词组归纳把某人争取过来 获得一等奖/第一名 1234567一、单句填空
1.They felt (frustrate)at the lack of progress.?
答案:frustrated
2.You ought (keep)your word and forgive her.?
答案:to keep
3.However,if we forget about having fun then our life gets completely out balance.?
答案:of
4.—How about having a (balance)diet??
—Good idea.I couldn’t agree more.
答案:balanced
5.They gave me discount for cash payment.?
答案:a
6.I don’t think crying is a sign of (weak).?
答案:weakness 二、用课本中出现的短语完成下列句子
1.Is your sister really going to (减肥)??
答案:lose weight
2.No one is fond of making friends with a person who (说谎).?
答案:tells lies/a lie
3.Do you think we (应该)turn to him for any advice??
答案:ought to
4.Having a (平衡膳食)is of great importance to our health.?
答案:balanced diet
5.He hoped he could (受到从轻发落)stealing some money.?
答案:get away with Section Ⅱ— Learning about Language,Using Language,Summing Up & Learning Tip
课后篇巩固提升
一、用下面方框内所给短语的适当形式填空
spy on combine...with... cut down before long earn one’s living benefit from
1.The police had been the robber for several months.?
答案spying on
2.We the lecture given by the professor from Xiamen University.?
答案benefited from
3.After graduation,he didn’t get a good job,so he had to by washing dishes in a restaurant.?
答案earn his living
4.—Are you sure these measures can the rate of traffic accidents??
—Yes,I am sure.
答案cut down
5.Why don’t you your diet some jogging to keep slim??
答案combine;with
6.Do be patient!The truth will be found out .?
答案before long
二、同义句改写
1.This is the best shirt that I have bought.
I haven’t bought than this one.?
答案a better shirt
2.It seemed that he didn’t hear what I said just now.
He seemed what I said just now.?
答案not to hear
3.He is so young that he can hardly care for himself.
He is old care for himself.?
答案not;enough to
4.The book is of great favour to the students who learn English.
The students who learn English will the book.?
答案benefit from
5.You will realize your mistakes before long.
It you realize your mistakes.?
答案won’t be long before
三、单句填空
1.A large sum of money has been raised for benefit of the poorly-educated children in the mountainous areas.?
答案the
2.I lay in bed (stare)at the ceiling,lost in thought.?
答案staring
3.The foreigner was caught (spy)on the military base and was sentenced to 10 years in prison,limited no relative visiting.?
答案spying;to
4.Widely reading is (benefit)to a student,but it should be (combine)with his study.?
答案beneficial;combined
5.He was bitten by a (poison) spider,and his mother treated his hand with an old folk cure—setting his hand on fire.?
答案poisonous
6.Though I didn’t give up smoking,at least I tried to cut it .?
答案down
7.You can have second try if you fail this time in the exam.?
答案a
8.I would take this opportunity and accept this job if I (be) you.?
答案were
四、完成句子
1.不久我们就能够回家了。
It won’t be .?
答案long before we can go home
2.所有的庄稼将从这场雨中受益。
All the crops will .?
答案benefit from the rain
3.我们把那棵大树砍倒了。
We have ? ? .?
答案cut down that big tree
4.我们要把知识和实践联系起来。
We should knowledge practice.?
答案combine;with/and
五、阅读理解
A
The World Health Organization says the widespread use of sugar in food products and drinks is a major concern in many areas.So WHO officials are calling on governments to require taxes on sugary drinks in an effort to limit their usage and popularity.The officials believe the taxes also would reduce the risk of health problems resulting from obesity.
Obesity is a condition in which the body stores large,unhealthy amounts of fat.Obese individuals are considered overweight.A new report says that in 2014 more than one-third of the adults in the world were overweight,and 500 million were considered obese.The United Nations agency estimates that in 2015,42 million children under age 5 were either overweight or obese.It says that the number represents an increase of about 11 million during the past 15 years.Almost half of these boys and girls live in Asia and one-fourth in Africa.
The UN agency blames unhealthy diets for a rise in diabetes cases.There are 422 million cases of the disease worldwide.WHO says 1.5 million people die from it every year.It says the use of sugar in food products,like sugary drinks,is a major reason for the increase in rates of obesity and diabetes.
Temo Waganivalu is with the agency’s Department for the Prevention on Non-communicable Diseases.He told VOA that taxing sugary drinks would reduce consumption and save lives.Waganivalu noted that Mexico enacted a 10 percent tax on sugary drinks in 2014.He said by the end of the year,there was a 6 percent drop in the consumption of such drinks.Among poor people,the number of people who consumed sugary drinks dropped by 17 percent.
The WHO says people should limit the amount of sugar they consume.It says they should keep their sugar intake to below 10 percent of their total energy needs,and reduce it to less than 5 percent for improved health.
1.Why are taxes on sugary drinks required?
A.To limit their usage and popularity.
B.To readjust the economic structure.
C.To warn people to change their lifestyle.
D.To ensure the market’s diverse development.
答案A
解析细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“to limit their usage and popularity”可知选A项。
2.What do the figures in the second paragraph suggest?
A.Adult obesity is ignored at present.
B.Obesity is a severe worldwide problem.
C.Obesity can block economic development.
D.Obesity is most serious in developed countries.
答案B
解析推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“A new report says that in 2014 more than one-third of the adults in the world were overweight,and 500 million were considered obese.”可知,肥胖是世界范围内一个严重的问题。故选B项。
3.What does the underlined word “enact”mean in the passage?
A.Abolish. B.Pass.
C.Promise. D.Reduce.
答案B
解析词义猜测题。根据第四段第二句“ He told VOA that taxing sugary drinks would reduce consumption and save lives.”可知,2014年墨西哥通过了法律,对含糖饮料征收10%的税。故选B项。
4.What does the example of Mexico prove?
A.Tax policies are unfair to the poor.
B.Sugary drinks are a threat to health.
C.The poor consume more sugary drinks.
D.Taxing sugary drinks makes a difference.
答案D
解析推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段可知,墨西哥对含糖饮料征税后,饮料的消费量下降,改善了人们的健康状况。由此可推知对含糖饮料征税很有效。故选D项。
B
Although onions taste delicious,watering eyes come with the process when you cut them up.Thankfully,Good Housekeeping has suggested some tips to prevent yourself from crying while you are trying to cut up an onion.
According to the findings from the Institute,putting onions in a fridge 30 minutes before cutting can prevent the annoying hurt,as the cold stops tear-jerking (催泪的) gas from being produced.
Another way to reduce the gas released by the onion is to put it in water for a while.Good Housekeeping recommends: “Cut the end off the onion and then put it straight into a bowl of water.The water will draw out the acid,making your tears fewer when you cut it.”
When an onion grows,it mixes with sulfur (硫) in the soil to create a special mineral acid.When the onion is cut into pieces,it reacts and creates a gas.As it reaches your face,this annoying gas causes the eyes to produce tears.
The root is where the gases are most concentrated,so it is recommended that this part of the onion be left on as you cut it to avoid uncomfortable eyes.Do this by cutting the vegetable in half down the middle,and then cut off part of one side to create a flat surface.Then,place the onion with its flat surface down and cut it towards the root.
Also,to reduce the gas’s effect on your eyes,cut it next to a window or near a fan so the gas is blown away from your face.And take care to use a sharp knife; this will make it easier to move through the vegetable,causing fewer cells to be broken and fewer gases to be released as a result.
5.Refrigerating the onion before cutting can .?
A.change its taste
B.make it easier to be cut up
C.avoid generation of the gas
D.help the gases mix more quickly
答案C
解析细节理解题。根据第二段“According to the findings from the Institute,putting onions in a fridge 30 minutes before cutting can prevent the annoying hurt,as the cold stops tear-jerking (催泪的) gas from being produced.”可知,把洋葱放在冰箱里30分钟后切可以阻止洋葱产生让人流泪的气体,故C项正确。
6.From the fourth paragraph,what happens when the onion is cut up?
A.Some acid mineral is lost.
B.The tear mixture is created.
C.The sulfur inside it pours out.
D.A chemical reaction produces a gas.
答案D
解析细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二句“When an onion grows,it mixes with sulfur(硫) in the soil to create a special mineral acid.When the onion is cut into pieces,it reacts and creates a gas”可知,切开洋葱后,洋葱内含有的一种特殊的酸会发生化学反应,从而产生气体,故D项正确。
7.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A.Producing more tears.
B.Leaving the root uncut first.
C.Promoting concentration.
D.Making the onion more tasty.
答案B
解析代词指代题。根据第五段第一句“The root is where the gases are most concentrated,so it is recommended that this part of the onion be left on as you cut it to avoid uncomfortable eyes”可知,洋葱的根是气体最集中的地方,所以建议把洋葱的这部分留下,以避免流泪;结合第五段第二句“Do this by cutting the vegetable in half down the middle,and then cut off part of one side to create a flat surface.”可知,该句中的this应指“开始时避免切开根部”,故B项正确。
8.The main purpose of the text is to .?
A.advise and explain
B.examine and analyze
C.argue and discuss
D.present and compare
答案A
解析推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“Thankfully,Good Housekeeping has suggested some tips to prevent yourself from crying while you are trying to cut up an onion”可知,本文旨在介绍切洋葱不流泪的几个方法;根据第四段可知,本文还介绍了切开洋葱后流泪的原因;据此可知,本文旨在提出建议并解释切洋葱导致流泪的原因,故A项正确。
课件34张PPT。Section Ⅱ— Learning about Language, Using Language,Summing Up & Learning Tip一二一、词汇新知
1.通过查阅词典,写出下列单词的派生词
(1)limit vt.限制;限定 n.界限;限度 → adj.有限的?
(2)benefit n.利益;好处 vt.& vi.有益于;有助于;受益
→ adj.有益的;有利的?
(3)combine vt.&vi.(使)联合;(使)结合→ n.联合;结合?limited beneficial combination 一二2.用所给短语的适当形式填空
earn one’s living,in debt,benefit from,cut down,before long,put on weight
(1)He liked eating cream and meat,which caused him
.
(2)Jack used to by working as a bus driver.
(3)He missed his parents so much that he went to his hometown
.?
(4)Mr.Wang is ready to help his cousin who is .
(5)He believes that the people will what he is doing.?
(6)With more and more trees ,the environment is being destroyed.?to put on weight earn his living before long in debt benefit from cut down 一二二、阅读导学
1.阅读课文“COME AND EAT HERE(2)”,根据课文内容判断正(T)误(F)
( )(1)Wang Peng can earn his living now,but he will be in debt.
( )(2)Yong Hui thought Wang Peng spied on her menu.
( )(3)Yong Hui felt sick after eating the food in Wang Peng’s restaurant.
( )(4)Wang Peng and Yong Hui combined their ideas and provided a balanced menu.
( )(5)Wang Peng would miss his dumplings and fatty pork even if he was in his own restaurant after cooperation.FTTTF一二2.阅读课文“COME AND EAT HERE(2)”,选择正确答案:
(1)Wang Peng was worried when he thought his restaurant would no longer be popular because .?
A.Yong Hui would come and glare at him
B.he could no longer earn his living
C.he would lose his job
D.his friends would not visit him
(2)Yong Hui was very angry when she came to Wang Peng’s restaurant because .?
A.she thought he was a new customer
B.she thought he had spied on her restaurant
C.she was told he was a spy
D.he was too fatB B 一二(3)Wang Peng suggested they provide a combined menu because
.?
A.he liked Yong Hui
B.he didn’t want to lose his customers
C.he thought her menu was better
D.this would provide a balanced dietD12345 However,as she was so afraid of being laughed at by her friends,she did not consult a doctor but lived on a diet of rice,raw vegetables,bananas and lemons.(Page 12)
然而,由于太担心受到朋友们的嘲笑,她没有去咨询医生,而是靠吃米饭、生蔬菜、香蕉和柠檬节食。
剖析本句是一个复合句,其中as意为“由于,因为”,引导原因状语从句。如:
①【高考典句】(2018·全国Ⅱ高考)For this purpose,select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter.
为了达到这个目的,精选熟透的香蕉来冰冻,因为这样香蕉会更甜。12345★consult vt.&vi.咨询;请教;查阅(常指对方比自己更具权威性)
②【高考典句】(2019·北京高考)She chose to consult dentists.
她选择咨询牙医。
③【高考典句】(2018·江苏高考)I tend to consult consumption ratings whatever I purchase.
无论买什么东西,我都习惯于查一下消费排名。12345合作探究
(1)读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,注意consult的用法。
④I’ll consult my professor about the problem.
⑤I consulted with a physician.I hired a fitness coach,and I began to eat small and healthy meals.
⑥When you come across a new word,you can consult a dictionary.
⑦The decision was made in consultation with union members.
⑧We’re open to suggestions,but we will not hire a consultant.12345(2)写一写·勤总结 就某事向某人咨询 查阅词典 与某人交换意见(商议) (商业、法律等方面的)顾问 1234512345 Perhaps he would be able to earn his living after all and not have to close his restaurant.(Page 14)
也许他仍然能够谋生,而不至于关闭自己的餐馆。
★earn one’s living 谋生
①The old man earns his living by begging door to door.
这位老人靠挨家挨户乞讨为生。12345合作探究
(1)读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,注意earn的用法。
②In the past,it was hard to earn a living as a musician.
③In this way,you will earn the respect of your teachers and your fellow disciples.
(2)写一写·勤总结赢得……的尊敬 谋生 (3)记一记·长知识
同义词:make a living;make one’s living 1234512345 He did not look forward to being in debt because his restaurant was no longer popular.(Page 14)
他不希望由于餐馆不再受欢迎而负债。
★in debt 欠债
①New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15,000 in debt.
新生们现在意识到他们很可能在大学毕业时欠债达15,000英镑。
②The factory is $4 million in debt to our company.
这家工厂欠我们公司400万美元。12345合作探究
(1)读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,注意debt词组的用法。
③Getting out of debt must be placed before buying anything new.
④We were poor but we never got into debt.
⑤When their business failed,the family worked hard to pay off their debts.
(2)写一写·勤总结 不欠债 负债 还清债务 123451234512345 She did not look happy but glared at him.(Page 14)
她瞪着他,看上去不高兴。
★glare vi.瞪眼;怒目而视;闪耀
①The old gentleman just stood there glaring at the pickpocket.
这位老先生只是站在那里瞪着那个扒手。
②The sun glared out of the blue sky.
太阳在蔚蓝的天空中发出耀眼的光芒。12345合作探究
(1)读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,注意黑体词的用法。
③Special-purpose glasses reduce glare.
④She silenced him with a glare.
(2)写一写·勤总结
glare n. ; ?
答案:强光;怒视/瞪眼12345(3)想一想·善辨析
glare和stare用法辨析 ⑤They glared at each other,saying nothing.
他们怒视着对方,一句话也不说。
⑥It’s not polite to stare at strangers.
盯着陌生人看是没有礼貌的。1234512345I don’t want to upset you,but I found your menu so limited that I stopped worrying and started advertising the benefits of my food.(Page 14)
我并不想让你心烦,不过我发现你菜谱上的菜太少了,所以我就不着急了,我也开始宣传我餐馆的食物的好处。
剖析本句是一个复合句,其中that引导的是一个结果状语从句。so...that...是一个固定短语,意为“如此……以至于……”。如:
①【高考典句】(2019·北京高考)The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don’t know.
自动拨号电话问题变得越来越严重,以至于现在许多人拒绝接听他们不知道的号码。12345★limited adj. 有限的
②But our funds were limited,and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory.
但是我们的资金有限,在我们的价格范围之内的房子好像没有让人满意的。
合作探究1
(1)读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,注意黑体词的用法。
③As we grew older,we learn the limits of our abilities.
④The speed limit on the road is 75 miles per hour.
⑤Families each are limited to three tickets for the Expo Site.
⑥I believe we shouldn’t limit teaching to the classroom.
⑦You should set a limit to the speed.12345⑧Don’t drive your car beyond/over the limit.
⑨Let the guests drink freely within limits.
⑩There will be no limitation to persons from any specific countries. 【高考典句】(2019·天津高考)And I found that the possibilities that lie within books are limitless.
He was born in a poor family,and only received a limited education in his childhood.12345(2)写一写·勤总结 限度,界限 限制 把……限定在……范围内 给……设限 超出限度 无限制的,无止境的 在一定范围内,在合理范围内 12345★benefit n.利益;好处
【高考典句】(2018·全国Ⅰ高考)You don’t have to run fast or for long to see the benefit.
你不需要跑太快或者太久就能看到其益处。
【高考典句】(2019·全国Ⅰ高考)Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
获得新鲜空气的另一个附加好处就是阳光。12345合作探究2
(1)读一读·细观察
阅读下列句子,注意黑体词的含义。
He gave his young life for the benefit of his motherland.
The new regulations will be of great benefit to us all.
I believe we can get benefit from what he has done.
【高考典句】(2018·江苏高考)Our communities benefit from arts in terms of economy.
The air and water here is beneficial to your health.12345(2)写一写·勤总结 为了……的利益 对某人/某物有好处 从……中受益 从……中受益 对某人/某物有益 1234512345一、单句改错
1.Now he is independent of his parents and can earn her living himself.
答案:her→his
2.If a person is in a heavy debt,he is unable to earn his living.
答案:去掉第二个a
3.With the sunlight glare,the children were having so much fun.
答案:glare→glaring
4.They only have a limiting amount of time to finish the task.
答案:limiting→limited
5.Plenty of exercise every day is benefit to losing weight.
答案:benefit→beneficial或在is后加of
6.You should try to combine work to relaxation.
答案:第二个to→with/and 二、单句填空
1.The man became angry and glared the enemy.?
答案:at
2.I thought someone was spying me in the darkness.?
答案:on
3.Our time is so (limit)that we make full use of it.?
答案:limited
4.There is no doubt that patients can consult doctors their illnesses.?
答案:about
5.As is known to all,doing eye exercises benefits our eyes.That is to say,our eyes can benefit doing eye exercises.?
答案:from6.There is a limit to one’s life,but no limit to (serve) the people.?
答案:serving
7.The beautiful scenery, (combine) with delicious food and lovely weather,made our visit to Hawaii pleasant and unforgettable.?
答案:combined
8.Wang Peng’s balanced diets became such a success that long he became slimmer.?
答案:beforeSection Ⅲ— Grammar
课后篇巩固提升
一、用恰当的情态动词完成下列句子
1.As a doctor,you try your best to cure your patients.?
答案should/ought to/must
2.In some parts of the world,you boil the water before drinking it.?
答案must/have to
3.He have stayed at home this morning.I saw him shopping in another city.?
答案can’t/couldn’t
4.You smoke in this part of the hospital.?
答案mustn’t
5.—You have finished the article.The deadline is last Friday.?
—Sorry.I have been busy these days.Could you give me three days more?
答案ought to/should
6.He have caught a bad cold last night,for his forehead felt burning.?
答案must
二、借助合适的情态动词完成句子
1.—I left my handbag on the train,but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
—How unbelievable to get it back!I mean,someone might (steal)it.?
答案have stolen
2.I told Sally how to get there,but perhaps I (write)it out for her.?
答案should have written
3.—Oh,I’ve missed a good chance.
—Yes,you (take)the job when it was offered to you.?
答案should have taken
4.—Do you think the rain will affect the result of the football game?
—The players are used to such weather;it not make any difference to them.?
答案should
5.I thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.?
答案can’t
6.It’s quite warm here;we turn the heating on yet.?
答案needn’t
7.People drive after drinking alcohol.?
答案mustn’t
8.Days later,my brother called to say he was all right,but say where he was.?
答案wouldn’t
三、完形填空
One day we were on our way to a family event.As we 1 into the local gas station,I noticed a woman sitting 2 at a picnic table.It was around 80 degrees and she was dressed in a 3 coat and long pants.?
As we left the gas station,I told my husband I needed to go home and 4 something first.As we returned to our home,I went and 5 some items.I had just purchased a new backpack and I knew it was 6 for her because it 7 her coat.?
As I was back into the gas station,I got out of the car with the new backpack full of goodies(好吃的东西).I walked up to the woman, 8 myself and asked if it was okay if I sat down with her.I offered her the 9 and she accepted it.She then asked me if I would like to 10 a snack with her,as she had not had anything to 11 today.I agreed and for over an hour and a half I 12 there with her,a proud mother and wife who lost her entire 13 a few years ago.?
She was once a school teacher,but she was unable to 14 return to work after the 15 .She explained the reason why she wore that 16 coat:It was the last thing she bought with her daughter.She explained that she sat with her family at that very 17 .?
We shared smiles and 18 .This women helped me to realize that every moment is such a 19 gift and in the blink(眨) of an eye,everything can 20 .Make sure that you hug your loved ones extra tight today!?
1.A.walked B.ran C.pulled D.sailed
答案C
解析此处意思是说作者和丈夫开车进入加油站。 pull into意为“驶入”。
2.A.alone B.happily C.still D.nervously
答案A
解析根据下文对那位女士的遭遇的描述可知应该选A项。那位女士独自一人坐在桌旁,无人陪伴。
3.A.winter B.thin C.cool D.fashionable
答案A
解析与前面的“It was around 80 degrees”形成反差且与long pants相一致,应表示厚衣服。那位女士在大热天穿着冬天的衣服。
4.A.stay away from B.take care of
C.put away D.turn off
答案B
解析作者说自己需要回家处理点事情。take care of此处意为“处理”。stay away from躲避;put away放好;turn of关闭。
5.A.stored B.gathered C.hid D.provided
答案B
解析根据宾语some items并且结合下文提到的backpack可知应该选B项,即作者把一些东西收拾到一起,放到包里面准备送人。
6.A.heavy B.cheap C.wrong D.perfect
答案D
解析空前的it指代前面的a new backpack,因此应该选D项。作者知道,新的背包一定很适合那位女士。
7.A.dirtied B.matched
C.represented D.contained
答案B
解析作者认为背包适合那位女士的原因是该背包与她的外套相配。
8.A.introduced B.protected C.enjoyed D.seated
答案A
解析根据常识可知,应该是对陌生人先做自我介绍,所以选A项。作者走近那位女士,做了自我介绍并且问是否可以和她一起坐。
9.A.book B.meal C.advice D.bag
答案D
解析D项的bag指上文提到的backpack。
10.A.discuss B.prepare C.share D.order
答案C
解析根据上文的full of goodies和下文的for over an hour and a half可知,作者和女士一起吃东西,攀谈超过了一个半小时。
11.A.show B.tell C.care D.eat
答案D
解析那位女士邀请作者和她一起吃零食,因为她今天还没有吃任何东西。
12.A.sat B.waited C.worked D.lay
答案A
解析根据上文的“...and asked if it was okay if I sat down with her”可知,作者和女士在那里坐了一段时间。
13.A.health B.family C.wealth D.fame
答案B
解析下文的“It was the last thing she bought with her daughter”是提示,此处意思是说那位女士几年前失去了所有的家人。
14.A.publicly B.gently
C.mentally D.energetically
答案C
解析第一段提到大热天女士穿冬天的衣服,上段又说她失去了所有的家人。结合这些细节可知,应该选C项。女士的遭遇使她精神上不能恢复到可以重返教师工作的程度。
15.A.meeting B.accident C.wedding D.dinner
答案B
解析根据前文的那位女士失去家人的细节,并且结合常识可知,此处应该选B项。女士的家人应该是发生了意外。
16.A.wonderful B.foreign
C.particular D.black
答案C
解析只有C项符合前文的描述, that particular coat指前文出现的 a winter coat。这是女士解释的内容,她穿的那件外套是和女儿一起买的最后一样东西。
17.A.tent B.window C.counter D.table
答案D
解析根据第一段中的“I noticed a woman sitting alone at a picnic table”可知答案。
18.A.tears B.stories C.experiences D.opinions
答案A
解析所选词必须与smiles相对应,因此只能选A项。smiles and tears意为“喜与悲”。此处指作者和那位女士讲述着各自的故事,分享着各自的经历。
19.A.common B.reasonable C.handsome D.precious
答案D
解析此处是作者发表个人感慨的语句,她把人生的每一时刻都比作宝贵的礼物。
20.A.repeat B.grow C.change D.exist
答案C
解析根据设空前的时间状语 in the blink of an eye可知,应该选C项。每一个时刻之所以宝贵,是因为一眨眼的工夫一切都可能发生变化,那位女士的遭遇是最好的诠释。
四、七选五阅读理解
Kids and Food:Advice for Parents
It is important for parents to know how to help their kids eat healthily.Here are a few easy ways:
Parents control the supply lines.
1 Though kids may keep asking for less nutritious (有营养的)foods,parents should decide which foods are regularly provided in the house.Kids won’t go hungry.They’ll eat what’s available in the fridge at home.?
Say goodbye to the “clean-plate club”.
2 Lots of parents grew up under the clean-plate rule,but that way doesn’t help kids listen to their own bodies when they are full.When kids feel full,they’re less likely to overeat.?
3 ?
Food preferences are developed early in life,so try to offer different kinds of foods.Likes and dislikes begin forming even when kids are babies.Parents may need to serve a new food on several different occasions (时机)for a child to accept it.
Food is not love.
Find better ways to say “I love you”.When foods are used to reward kids and show love,they may start to turn to food when feeling worried or unhappy. 4 ?
Kids do as you do.
5 When trying to teach good eating habits,try to set the best example.Choose nutritious food,eat at the table,and don’t forget breakfasts.?
A.Start when they’re young.
B.Rewrite the kids’ menu.
C.Be a role model and eat healthily yourself.
D.Offer praise and attention instead of food treats.
E.Let kids stop eating when they feel they’ve had enough.
F.You decide which foods to buy and when to serve them.
G.Let kids choose what to eat and how much of it they want.
答案1~5 FEADC
五、选词创境
运用下列写作词汇,自己创设一个语境,形成一个小语段。(3~5句)
ought to,lose weight,balance,diet,consult,limit,benefit
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
参考范文
Mary is a lovely girl,but she is very fat.Her parents think she ought to lose weight.Yesterday she went to consult a famous doctor,who advised her to be on a diet.So her parents prepare balanced diets for her and set a limit to her food.They think Mary will benefit from what they are doing.
课件24张PPT。Section Ⅲ— Grammar一二三一、请用下列情态动词造句
1.ought to/oughtn’t to
2.should/shouldn’t
3.mustn’t
4.needn’t
5.don’t have to
6.will
7.can/can’t
答案:略一二三二、用ought to,need,mustn’t完成句子
1.你应当向老师请求帮助。
You ask your teacher for help.?
2.你不可以玩刀。
You play with the knife.?
3.他们需要立刻打扫房间吗?
they clean the room at once??ought to mustn’t Need 一二三三、请把下列短语和其汉语意思搭配起来
Ⅰ Ⅱ
1.lose weight A.失去兴趣
2.lose interest B.丢脸;没有面子
3.lose heart C.减肥
4.lose face D.失去信心Grammar 情态动词:ought to/ought not to/have to/don’t have to/mustn’t/needn’t以及情态动词完成式的用法。
一、ought to
1.ought to无人称和时态的变化,其否定式为ought not to/oughtn’t to,疑问式为:Ought I/you/he to...?常译作“应该,应当”。语气比should稍重一些,表示有责任、义务等。
单句填空
I’m his teacher.I ought (take) care of him.?
答案:to take
They are having a class.You make such noise here.?
答案:oughtn’t to
—Ought I write to say thank you??
—Yes,you ought (to).
答案:to2.含有ought to的反义疑问句,陈述部分是肯定时,疑问部分用shouldn’t/oughtn’t+主语。
单句填空
He ought to know what to do, he??
答案:oughtn’t
3.表示推测,多指按照常理的一种推测,意为“按理应该……”。
翻译句子
已经九点了,他现在应该在办公室里。
翻译 ?
答案:It is already 9 o’clock;he ought to be in his office now.二、have to通常指由于客观原因而不得不做某事,意思为“不得不,必须”。
【高考典句】(2019·全国Ⅱ高考)I work not because I have to,but because I want to.
我工作不是因为迫不得已,而是因为我想工作。
注意:have to与一般情态动词的不同点1.一般情态动词没有人称和数的变化,而且所用的时态也受到一定的限制,而have to有人称和数的变化,可用于多种时态中。
He has to admit the idea of marriage scares him.
(用于 人称 数 时态)?
答案:第三;单;现在
We will have to put off the sports meeting because of the bad weather.
(用于 人称 数 时态)?
答案:第一;复;将来
They had had to consider it carefully before they lent him the money.
(用于 人称 数 时态)?
答案:第三;复;过去完成2.否定句和疑问句的构成方式不同
have to的否定句和疑问句的构成需要借助于助动词do的适当形式或助动词will,而不可以在have后面加not。
根据汉语意思用have to的适当形式完成句子
你没必要那么早去会议室,还有30分钟。
You head for the meeting room so early.There are 30 minutes left.?
答案:don’t have to
她必须按照你告诉她的来做此事吗?
do it as you told her??
答案:Does she have to
他不得不做一份兼职工作来付学费,是吗?
He has to do a part-time job for his schooling, ??
答案:doesn’t he三、mustn’t
1.must的否定式must not/mustn’t,表示“不允许”或“禁止”。
翻译句子
You mustn’t tell him the news.
翻译 ?
答案:你一定不要把此消息告诉他。
The magazines mustn’t be taken out of the reading room.
翻译 ?
答案:不许把这些杂志拿出阅览室。
2.在否定回答“May I...?”这样的问句时,常用mustn’t表示“禁止”“不允许”。
单句填空
—May I park here?
—No,you .?
答案:mustn’t四、needn’t
1.needn’t表示“不必”。needn’t的同义结构是don’t have to。
同义句转换
You needn’t drive so fast.
=You drive so fast.?
你不必开这么快。
答案:don’t have to
2.否定回答must问句时,用needn’t或don’t have to,表示“不必”。
单句填空
—Must we hand our homework in after class?
—No,you .?
答案:needn’t五、“情态动词+have done”用法归纳
1.must have done
在肯定句中,must have done表示对过去发生过的情况肯定性的判断、推测,语气最强。
完成句子
你怎么又迟到了?你一定是睡过头了。
How can you be late again?You .?
答案:must have overslept2.may/might have done
may/might have done主要用于肯定句,也可用于否定句,但不用于疑问句,语气比must have done弱,意思为“可能……”。
翻译句子
He may have missed the train.
翻译 ?
答案:他可能没赶上火车。
If you had studied hard,you might have passed the exam.
翻译 ?
答案:如果你努力学习的话,你可能会及格的。3.can have done
can have done主要用于否定句和疑问句,很少用于肯定句。
翻译句子
Where is Jack?Where can he have gone?
翻译 ?
答案:杰克在哪里?他可能去哪儿了?
4.could have done
could have done可以用于各种句型,即肯定句、否定句、疑问句。
单句填空
【高考典句】(2018·北京高考)To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight when he could (steal) the money and paid for a place to stay in.?
答案:have stolen5.can’t/couldn’t/mightn’t have done
对已发生事情没有把握的推断,意为“不可能或可能不……”。
完成句子
他不可能去了纽约,我刚才在阅览室见到他了。
He to New York.I met him in the reading room just now.?
答案:couldn’t have gone
6.should have done
should have done表示过去本应该做,但实际上没做。
翻译句子
You should have told me earlier or I might have gone with them.
翻译 ?
答案:你应该早点告诉我,不然的话我就会和他们一块去了。7.shouldn’t have done
shouldn’t have done在形式上是否定,但表达的是肯定的意思,即表示过去本不应该做,而实际上做了。
单句填空
You blamed her in public.?
答案:shouldn’t have
8.ought to have done
ought to have done在含义上相当于should have done,但语气更重一些。
翻译句子
As her best friend,I ought to have visited her last week.But I was too busy.
翻译 ?
答案:作为她最好的朋友,我上周本应该去看她的,但我太忙了。9.oughtn’t to have done
oughtn’t to have done在含义上相当于shouldn’t have done,但语气更重一些。
单句填空
You have spent so much time playing computer games.?
答案:oughtn’t to
10.needn’t have done
needn’t have done表示过去本没有必要做,但实际上做了。
翻译句子
It’s so near!We needn’t have taken a taxi.
翻译 ?
答案:这么近!我们本来没有必要坐出租车的。一、选择适当的情态动词填空:ought to,have to,mustn’t,needn’t
1.You can make your own decision and don’t get permission from him.?
答案:have to
2.We protect the earth where we live.?
答案:ought to
3.Alice,you play with fire.It’s dangerous.?
答案:mustn’t
4.You help me do it.I can manage it myself.Thank you all the same.?
答案:needn’t 二、完成句子
1.你不必五点起床。
You at five.?
答案:needn’t get up
2.我们应该参军保卫我们的祖国。
We the army to defend our motherland.?
答案:ought to join
3.为了赡养他的家庭,每年他不得不去广州打工。
To support his family,he go to work in Guangzhou every year.?
答案:has to
4.你一定不要把陌生人带到你的家里。
You strangers to your home.?
答案:mustn’t take
5.昨天,你本不应该向我撒谎。
You a lie to me yesterday.?
答案:oughtn’t to have told课件10张PPT。Section Ⅳ— Writing 概要写作
写作指导
概要写作要求考生基于一篇350词以内的短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要,以此来考查学生准确获取关键词,并对文章大意进行归纳概括,并用简洁的语言转述文章重要信息的能力。考生要在正确理解短文的基础上,用简明、精练的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点,是对阅读理解能力和书面表达能力的综合考查。
短文选材以说明文和议论文为主,文章结构比较清晰,通常包含4个左右的要点。考生要客观准确归纳要点,不照搬原文句子,要点之间要恰当衔接,全文内容要连贯,过渡要自然。针对训练
(2018·11浙江)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It’s a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same.Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus (校园) like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and,of course,the students.It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses,and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away.But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life,and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one.There’s no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area.In fact,a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus,and obviously,if you live across the country that won’t be as much of a possibility,but if you live nearby,go check it out!
If campus visits aren’t going to happen before you apply,at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you’d like to attend.It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you don’t like about certain campuses,things that you wouldn’t know unless you actually visit.Now,if time and money are making it impossible,then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive.It’s a chance to chat online with admissions officers,students,and college counselors(顾问),and it won’t cost you a penny!You can register for its online college fair at collegeweeklive.com.While visiting an online college fair can’t take the place of an actual campus visit,it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities you’d like to attend.写作思路
一、细读短文,明确篇章结构,确定要点数量。
首先,仔细阅读短文。阅读的目的是确定文章的体裁和主题,明确篇章结构。根据意义划分段落,然后对段落划分层次,确定要点的数量。本文是一篇说明文,共有四个自然段。本文作者推荐即将上大学的学生去理想的大学走一走,看一看,或者上网参加大学网上展览会,全面了解大学的情况。
二、处理文章,抓住主题句,删除细节信息。
明确全文结构之后,就要对文章内容进行处理。处理的目的是删除次要内容,保留主要内容。文中描述性的语言、细节和列举的示例都属于要删除的内容。剩余的主要部分要仔细研读,与主题相关的关键词句要重点标注出来,这些词句就是最后归纳转述的要点。三、逐段进行归纳,提取关键信息,准确转述要点。
删除了短文中的细节、例证等细枝末节后,每段的主要内容已经明确,然后要用自己的语言准确地表述各段的要点。为避免和原文的句子重复,可使用同义转述的形式,也可以用句子重构的方式来完成要点归纳。归纳时要分清主次,各要点的词数应根据文中对应的内容来定。同时,要选用适当的关联词来进行衔接,保证上下文连贯。
第一段的意思是:为确保大学生活的精彩,你最好抽出时间到大学校园去看一看,全面了解你梦想中大学的各个方面,虽然这可能要花些钱,但非常有价值。要点归纳为:To ensure a brilliant college life,you’d better spare time to visit campuses to examine all aspects of your dream colleges,even if it may be costly。第二段的主旨句是but if you live nearby,go check it out!意思是:如果你住在大学附近,你一定要在申请之前去看一下。要点归纳为:If you live nearby,be sure to check it out before you apply。
第三段说,甚至在申请之后,到大学去看看也会为你省去许多麻烦。要点归纳概括为:Even after submitting applications,a visit can help avoid much trouble。
第四段的开头“Now,if time and money are making it impossible,then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive.”是本段的主题句。意思是:如果因为缺少时间或者钱而不能去的话,登陆collegeweeklive.com网站,并参加大学网上展览会也是很有益的。要点归纳为:However,visiting the online college fairs at collegeweeklive.com, if not possible to see for yourself for lack of time and money,will be beneficial。四、检查要点,修改错误,确定终稿。
初稿完成后,要检查要点是否齐全,各要点是否表述准确,检查是否有语法错误、拼写错误和标点符号错误等,还要检查词数是否符合要求,尽量不要少于40词或多于80词。范文赏读
To ensure a brilliant college life,you’d better spare time to visit campuses to examine all aspects of your dream colleges ,even if it may be costly.(要点1) If you live nearby,be sure to check it out before you apply.(要点2)Even after submitting applications,a visit can help avoid much trouble.(要点3)However,visiting the online college fairs at collegeweeklive.com,if not possible to see for yourself for lack of time and money,will be beneficial.(要点4)课件22张PPT。单元重点小结重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读1.diet n.日常饮食 vi.节食
go/be on a diet ,a balanced diet平衡膳食?
例如:Many people have come to realize that they should go on a balanced diet and make time in their day for exercise.
许多人开始意识到他们应该吃平衡膳食,每天都腾出时间来锻炼。
2.ought to应当;应该
同义词: ,be supposed to?
例如:He oughtn’t to have been driving so fast.他本不应该开那么快。
3.be/get tired of对……感到厌烦/讨厌
be tired out很累;很疲倦
例如:Everybody has got tired of his endless speech.大家对他无休止的演讲感到厌烦了。节食;减肥 should 重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读4.lose weight减肥;减轻体重
put on/gain weight变胖;增加体重
例如:Since he gave up smoking,he has put on weight.自从他戒烟后,他的体重增加了。
5.curiosity n.好奇心
out of curiosity ,curious adj. ,
be curious about对……好奇?
例如:The mother had to explain the reason to meet her son’s curiosity.这位母亲不得不解释原因来满足她儿子的好奇心。
6.lie n.谎言 vi.说谎
tell a lie ?
例如:When you tell a lie,you steal someone’s right to the truth.如果你撒谎,就是偷走其他人知道真相的权利。出于好奇 好奇的 说谎 重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读7.strength n.强项;长处;力量
strong adj.强壮的,strengthen vt.增强
例如:Take into account your own strengths and weaknesses.
考虑一下你自己的优缺点。
8.consult vt.咨询;请教;商量 vi.(与人)商量;协议
consult with sb.与某人商量,consult a dictionary查阅词典,consult sb.请教某人
例如:They consulted the telephone book for his address.他们通过电话簿来查他的地址。
9.earn a/one’s living谋生
同义词组: ?
例如:Now it is not easy for Mr.Li to earn his living because he has lost his job.现在对李先生来说谋生不容易,因为他失业了。make a/one’s living 重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读10.limit vt.限制;限定 n.界限;限度
limited adj.有限的,limit...to...把……限制到……
例如:Don’t drive so fast! You must keep within the speed limit.别开得那么快! 你必须把速度限制在规定的范围内。
11.benefit n.利益;好处 vt.&vi. 有益于;有助于;受益
beneficial adj. ?
be beneficial to = be of benefit to (to是介词)对……有益处
例如:Protecting the environment is of great benefit to us.保护环境对我们有很大好处。
12.cut down削减;删节
cut across走捷径,走近路;cut in插话;cut up切碎;cut out删除,戒除;cut off切断,终止
例如:We must cut down our expenses.我们必须要削减开支。有益的,有好处的 重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读13.before long不久
long before很久以前
例如:He was sad no longer because he would see his daughter before long.他不再沮丧了,因为他不久以后将见到自己的女儿。重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读1.Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant .?
王鹏坐在他那空荡荡的餐馆里,感到很沮丧。
2.“ could be ,”he thought.?
他想:“再没有比这些更好吃的了。”
3.He could not Yong Hui !
他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们后跑掉!
4. you sit down and try a meal??
你为什么不坐下来吃顿饭呢?
5.According to my research, your restaurant mine
a balanced diet.?
根据我的研究,你我两家所提供的都不是均衡的膳食。feeling very frustrated Nothing better have getting away with telling people lies Why don’t neither nor offers 重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读情态动词:ought to/ought not to;should/shouldn’t;have to/don’t have to;mustn’t;need/needn’t,will,can/can’t
1.—Must I go to the company now?
—No,you .?
2.Just as an old saying goes:boys be boys.?
3.I saw him five minutes ago.He have gone to Beijing.?
4.You smoke.It’s harmful to your health.?needn’t/don’t have to will can’t mustn’t/shouldn’t 重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读Suggestions and advice(建议)
1.What should we do?我们应该做什么?
2.You must/mustn’t...你必须/一定不要……
3.You’d better...你最好……
4.I would strongly advise you to...我强烈建议你……
5.My advice is/would be...我的建议是……
6.Shall we...?我们……好吗?
7.I think you ought to...我认为你应该……
8.You need/needn’t...你需要/不需要……
9.You might...你可以……
10.It might be a good idea to...……可能是个好主意。
11.How about...?……怎么样?
12.Perhaps you should...也许你应该……
13.You have to/don’t have to...你必须/不必……
14.I suggest that you...我建议你……重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读完形填空解题方法
一、研读首句,预测全文
首句往往开宗明义,总领全文。考生要充分利用首句提供的信息,把握文章的思路,寻找文章的脉络与线索。如果首句交代了时间、地点、人物以及事件,那一般就是记叙文;如果首句是提出或解释说明某种事物,一般就是说明文;如果首句提出一个论点,那一般就是议论文。
【例1】 (2018·全国Ⅱ高考)Two weeks earlier,my son,Ben,had got in touch.He’d moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I’d 41 seen him.So imagine my 42 when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.
【剖析】从第一句可知,作者和儿子多年未见,首次约好见面。人物、时间、地点都有介绍,让读者知道事件发生的大致情况,起到了引领全文的作用。重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读二、瞻前顾后,寻找关键词
记叙文和夹叙夹议文都是以叙述为主,绝大部分篇幅是作者在描述事件发生的时间、空间以及人物的发展和变化。因此,考生只能借助上下文乃至于全文语境来揣摩作者对各个角色和事件的态度。阅读文章时,仔细找出能够反映作者态度和情感色彩的重要词汇,它们往往是名词、动词、形容词和副词。这些词汇通常是我们做题的线索。重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读【例2】 My previous home had a stand of woods behind it and many animals in the backyard.That first year,I started feeding peanuts to the blue jays,then the squirrels.The squirrels had no problem coming up right to me for them.As the months went by,the rabbits saw that I was no threat and didn’t escape.When I threw carrot slices(薄片),they even came for a nibble(啃).Slowly they came to me,and by the end of the year they were eating out of my hand.?
A.trust B.miss C.admire D.appreciate
剖析:上文说,看到“我” 喂松鸡和松鼠,兔子们发现“我”对它们构不成“威胁”,所以也就不逃走了。再根据上一句中的“came for a nibble(啃)”和空后的“they were eating out of my hand”可知,兔子们对“我”越来越“信任”了,所以选trust。miss“错过,想念”; admire“羡慕,钦佩”; appreciate“感激,欣赏”,均不符合题意。
答案:A重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读三、利用语境,辨析选项词义
完形填空的命题特点之一就是利用词汇辨析知识命题,而且这种考查形式占了题目的绝大部分。首先要准确把握词汇的意思和用法以及它们在不同语境中的变化。其次,利用好上下文重复出现的信息。这些信息有时候是原词复现,有时候是同义词复现、近义词复现、同根词复现、概括词复现以及反义词用于否定句中等。例如:重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读【例3】 At this store,a like this is not normal.My 10-year-old noticed him and made a comment on how bad it must be to have to stand outside in the cold wind.?
A.condition
B.place
C.sight
D.show
剖析:作者在此处想要说明的是,上文描述的男子乞讨的情景并不常见。sight在此处意为“景象,情景”,符合语境。condition“条件,环境”,place“地方”,show“展览,表演”,均与情景不符。
答案:C重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读【例4】 Aunt Dede,a teacher,had read the book to her students,and they loved it.Even the youngest children in the class were by the story.?
A.surprised
B.annoyed
C.puzzled
D.attracted
剖析:根据上文的“loved”可知,此处选attract“吸引”,而surprise“吃惊”,annoy“烦恼”,puzzle“迷惑”,均不符合题意。
答案:D重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读四、体会情感,注意氛围和谐
作者对完形填空的文章赋予了一定的感彩。首先要理解作者说话的语气和文章的感彩,这种语气和感彩是和谐一致的,而且是贯穿全文的。做题时要融入故事中,把握人物的情感态度、人际关系以及文章语气的一致性、意思的连贯性、表达的合理性等,读懂作者微妙的情感和态度,抓住像luckily,however, therefore,even,still等词语,要充分体会上下文语言的和谐性,理解文章的深层含义。重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读【例5】 When we handed him the bag of food,he lit up and thanked us with eyes.?
A.sleepy
B.watery
C.curious
D.sharp
剖析:通过语境可以得知,当作者一家把那袋子食物递给乞讨的男子时,他非常高兴,眼含热泪感谢我们。全文讲述的是一个令人感动的故事,因此选watery。这里指眼里满含泪水。sleepy“困的”;watery“湿润的,水汪汪的”;curious“好奇的”;sharp“尖锐的”。
答案:B重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读五、依托记叙内容,归纳议论观点
在夹叙夹议文中,叙述和议论不可分割,记叙的目的是议论; 议论的目的是说明作者的观点和态度,是对记叙部分的评价或分析,是故事的升华。做题时,需要把文章中的记叙和议论结合起来,保持两者的一致。重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读【例6】 It struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.I think it is a general principle. is the best teacher.?
A.Experience
B.Independence
C.Curiosity
D.Interest
剖析:作者的女儿参加一项娱乐性足球赛并进入了锦标赛。周六在与水平更高的队比赛时她们队输了,但是她们的球队善于学习,周日比赛时她们表现得完全不同,居然还进了一球。作者由此感慨: 实践出真知,经验是最好的老师。这句话就是叙述后的议论,是升华的部分,因此填experience。independence“独立,自主”,curiosity“好奇心,好奇”,interest “兴趣,利益”,均不符合题意。
答案:A重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读【文章导读】 摩洛哥是一个盛产美食的国家。来到这里,吃一锅塔津,饮一杯薄荷茶,品一品鲜榨的石榴汁,惬意无比。
The Moroccan diet is rich in fruit and vegetables.It’s now found the world over.
Throughout history,as each new culture moved to Morocco,they introduced their own tastes and styles into the country.
Long ago,the Berbers created seksu,a main food for Moroccans.Rolled by hand,it looks like rice,but is actually wheat pasta.It’s normally eaten with tajinesy or,in the Berber style,with buttermilk.重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读From the Far East,Arabs introduced a lot of spices (香料),such as saffron,cumin,cinnamon and coriander.Today,every Moroccan kitchen has a large spice shelf.When the Moors left Spain,they brought fruits like oranges and lemons,and nuts into Morocco.
Tajines,Morocco’s national dish,are delicious stews (炖菜)made with meats,seafood,fruits,vegetables,spices and so on.The meal is served right from the pot with each diner taking his or her own share of the dish.Tajines are often eaten with homemade breads like khobz or harcha.
Moroccans traditionally eat with their right hand.They really enjoy the way they eat.However,if you’re a foreigner,you will likely be provided with a fork.重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读No meal is complete without a glass of sweet mint tea.Although women are the main cooks,it’s customary for men to serve the tea.It’s poured from a great height,often as much as two feet away.Other popular drinks include fresh pomegranate juice,yogurt shakes,spiced coffee,and sharbats,a fruit drink made with ice.
【理解诱思】
1.Do you like the Moroccan diet?
参考答案:Yes.I think the Moroccan diet is healthy.
2.Give this passage a title.
参考答案:The Taste of Morocco.
