第3节 科学观察（第1课时）（课件 19张ppt）

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mzyy.yilianmeiti.com/zhuanke_6_120000_0_0_0.html找一找下列图片有哪些不同？左右两幅图片中B有差异，右B中没有窗户。左右两幅图片中C有差异，衣服颜色不同。人们认识自然总是从观察开始一、什么是观察观察就是观察者利用感觉器官或借助于仪器有目的、有计划地感知客观事物的过程。“观” 是运用一切感觉器官去接受各种信息，
包括耳闻、目睹、手摸、鼻嗅、舌尝等“察” 就是考察、了解事物，是用脑积极思考分析人们直接运用感觉器官的观察，叫直接观察。
借助于仪器进行的观察，叫间接观察。观察还可分为定性观察和定量观察。二、如何观察1、观察是有目的的活动，拟订观察计划；2、观察力求全面、系统。从各个方面，各个角度去观察事物和现象；3、观察要有一丝不苟的科学态度。要认真细致，做必要的记录；(1)先用肉眼仔细观察自己十个手指的指纹，
比较指纹的纹路是否相同？ 。(2)再用放大镜观察一个手指的指纹。与肉眼观察
相比较，用放大镜观察到的指纹大小与清晰程
度有什么变化？ 不相同用放大镜看，指纹纹路稍大而清晰(3)将自己的右手食指的指纹用印泥清晰地印在白纸上，并将其与同学的指纹比较，你发现了 。指纹纹路不相同(4)从这个活动中可得到得结论是：指 纹①同一个人不同手指的纹路不相同；②通过放大镜观察到的指纹变大，图像更清晰；③不同人的指纹不同；利用这一结论，现代科技中有哪些应用？指纹识别器（指纹锁），银行用指纹确定身份。新一代指纹身份证，利用指纹破案，指纹识别器三、用心观察1、科学发现往往源于用心的观察与研究。 1895年，德国物理学家伦琴偶尔发现放在阴极射线管附近用黑纸包裹得很严实的照相底片发生了严重的感光现象，于是想到可能有种神秘的光穿过了黑纸。当时伦琴要求他的妻子用手捂住照相底片。当显影后，夫妻俩在底片上看见了手指骨头和结婚戒指的影象。 通过进一步仔细的观察和研究，他发现了伦琴射线（X 射线）。2、科学观察是通过精密计划或研究后进行的。例如1845年，剑桥大学的学生亚当斯和法国科学家勒威耶通过对太阳系中天王星轨道的数学计算，预言了天王星外有一颗新行星存在。1846年，人们果然在他们预言的位置发现了新的行星，并将它命名为海王星。因此，海王星又被称为 “笔尖上发现的行星”海王星单凭我们的感官进行观察能不能对事物做出可靠的判断？3、观察会受环境与心理等各种因素的影响四、拓展观察力①从感官观察仪器观察②从自然状态下观察实验中观察③从人脑指导下观察电脑参与下观察④从地面观察太空立体观察1、人的观察能力是历史发展着，有以下几个
方面的飞跃2、人们设计与研制了许多观测仪器，极大地拓
展了人类的观察能力①用最大的天文望远镜看到的遥远的星系世界迄今最大单口径500米射电望远镜在我国贵州建设中②借助仪器可以观察更加微小的世界电子显微镜下叶绿体亚显微结构③用频闪照片或高速摄像
机观察运动极快的物体小球自由落体的运动轨迹列举你周围（家里、学校里、医院、商场、社区等）见过的观测仪器。试着通过查资料，了解这些仪器的用途和简单的原理，并与组内其他同学交流。家里防盗门里的“猫眼”学校里显微镜医院里“CT”检查仪商场、社区里摄像头小结一、什么是观察观察就是观察者利用感觉器官或借助于仪器有目的、有计划地感知客观事物的过程。二、如何观察观察要有观察计划；力求全面；认真细致。三、用心观察1、科学发现往往源于用心的观察与研究。2、科学观察是通过精密计划或研究后进行的。3、观察会受环境与心理等各种因素的影响四、拓展观察力借助一些仪器拓展观察力3.在科学研究中借助仪器是为了------------（ ）
A．扩大观察范围 B．完成观察任务
C．得到观察结果 D．延长观察过程1.学习科学的基本方法是-----------------（ ）
A．积累成果，发现规律
B．搜集资料，书写论文
C．看书学习，认真作业
D．观察、实验2.著名科学家牛顿从苹果落地现象出发，发现了
万有引力定律。他的发现最初来源于----（ ）
A．调查 B．实验
C．观察 D．阅读DCA