课件17张PPT。第1节 地球的形状与内部结构www.dmpdgjbeq.com
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zyy.yilianmeiti.com/22136/doctor/地球的形状是怎样的?你来描述一下。地球是一个近似球形的星球。但是古代中国的人们眼中,地球又是怎样的呢?天是圆的,
地是方的。一、地球的形状古人对地球的认识与你对地球的认识,为什么会有那么大的差距呢?由于活动的范围很小,认识能力非常有限。古代的中国人理所当然的认为地是方的,天是圆的。远去帆船的船身比桅杆先消失?帆船远去船身桅杆地球是球形许多现象使人们对之前的认识产生怀疑。
铅笔在水平面上移动的
现象(桌面代表平面)铅笔在球面上移动的现象(排球代表球体)视线视线参阅课本第83页《活动》,把排球和桌面置于同一水平视线上,把铅笔的笔头竖直朝下,分别在桌面和球面上移动一段距离,观察铅笔的长度和铅笔头随位置变化而发生的变化。地球的形状是 的。铅笔头相当于 ;铅笔的笔身相当于 ;
排球相当于 。(1)铅笔在桌面上由近及远移动,看到的铅笔
长度 (有或没有)变化。(2)铅笔在排球表面上由近及远移动,看到的铅笔
(笔头或笔身)先消失,这与海岸上远去
的帆船 (桅杆或船身)先消失的情况相似。船身笔头桅杆地球没有球形船身动前思考现象记录结论阅读课本P84内容,绘制人类认识地球形状的简单时间表。公元前6世纪毕达
哥拉斯大地投射到月球上的影子是弧形的(月食时)大地是球形的设想公元前4世纪亚里斯
多德推断地球是个球体1519年起三年时间麦哲伦率船队环球航行证实地球是球形的现代现代测绘摄影技术地球是一个近似球形的星球远去的帆船,船身比桅杆先消失事实人类认识地球的形状经历了漫长的过程。自主学习1亚里斯多德:大地投射到月球上的影子是弧形的麦哲伦的环球航海路线图葡萄牙
南美洲南端大西洋 太平洋 太平洋 人造卫星拍摄的地球照片陆地海洋白云2. 从人类认识地球形状的过程中,你感悟到什么?人类对自然事物的认识是由浅入深的,是离不开人类的社会实践活动的,是随着科学技术的不断进步而不断发展。3、到底有没有天涯海角呢?没有,因为地球是一个球体,能够周而复始。既然地球是一个球体,那么是怎样一个球体?站得高看得远。地平线为弧形。1. 你还能列举地球是个球体的现象和验证方法吗?二、地球的大小 为什么要介绍2个半径的长度呢?
你从中发现什么了吗?地球由于绕地轴旋转的缘故,是一个两极稍扁、赤道略鼓的球体。假如一个中学生的两臂平展时长1.5m,让他们
手牵手沿着赤道合抱地球,需要多少中学生?40000000 m ÷ 1.5 m /个≈ 26666667个三、地球内部的结构( )( )( )读课本85页至86页“地球的内部结构”,将下列空格补充完整。自主学习2地壳:从地表到地表以下 千米处;
地幔:从地壳下界到 千米处;(分上地幔和下地幔)
地核:从地幔下界到地心(分 和 )
岩石圈:是由 和 顶部(软流层以上)共同组成的。地壳地核地幔172900上地幔下地幔地壳地幔我的收获通过本节课的学习,我有什么收获?(至少写3点)1、
2、
3、
……1、不能证明地球是个球体的现象是-----( )
A、太阳东升西落 B、地球卫星照片
C、月全食形成过程
D、大海中帆船在远处逐渐消失的过程A2、课本有一个“铅笔在篮球和木板的移动”的
活动,这个活动证实了远去的帆船其船身比桅
杆先消失的原因是--------------------------( )
A、船只的大小
B、船只运动所在的海面是个球面
C、船离观察者的距离 D、桅杆的长度B4、毛泽东主席写的《送瘟神》两首七律诗歌中的两句:坐地日行八万里, 巡天遥看一千河。与毛主席这句诗最吻合的地点是( )(提示:1千米=2里)
A.赤道 B.南纬300 C.北纬300 D.北纬400 3、地球由外到内,可分为--------------------( )
A.岩石圈、地幔、地心
B.岩石圈、软流层、地核
C.地壳、地幔、地核
D.地核、地幔、地壳 AC5、如果你乘船出海,你看到的港口的灯塔会 ( )
A.从上到下依次从视野中消失
B.塔顶和塔基同时从视野中消失
C.从下到上依次从视野中消失
D.整个突然从视野中消失C