北师大版高中英语高考总复习：29总复习 现在分词和过去分词
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| 名称 | 北师大版高中英语高考总复习：29总复习 现在分词和过去分词 |  | |
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高考总复习：现在分词和过去分词
真题再现
1.（2019重庆模拟）Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way____ the sun and the stars.
A. used B. having used C. using D. use
2.（2019福建模拟）In recent years an English word "infosphere" has appeared, _______the sense of “information” and "atmosphere".
A. combine B. combined C. combining D. being combined
3. （2019北京模拟）The park was full of people _________ themselves in the sunshine
A. having enjoyed B. enjoyed C. enjoying D. to enjoy
4.（2019天津模拟）______ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
A. To work B. Worked C. To be working D. Having worked
5.（2019浙江模拟）Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it _______ live is quite another.
A. perform B. performing C. to perform D. being performed
6.（2019重庆模拟）____ in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.
A. Being raised B. Raising C. Raised D. To raise
7.（2019天津模拟）______in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.
A. To absorb B. To be absorbed C. Absorbed D. Absorbing
8.（2019四川模拟）Little Tom sat watching the monkey dancing in front of him.
A. amaze B. amazing C. amazed D. to amaze
9. （2019陕西模拟）Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother _______ good care of at home.
A. taking B. taken C. take D. be taken
10.（2019湖南模拟）Video games can be a poor influence if ________ in the wrong hands.
A. to leave B. leaving C. leave D. left
11.（2019北京模拟）If ___for the job, you’ll be informed soon.
A .to accept B. accept C. accepting D. accepted
12.（2019江苏模拟）Much time ________ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
A. being spent B. having spent C. spent D. spending
13. （2019湖南模拟）When the clerk saw a kind of face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, _________ whether to stay or leave.
A. wondering B. wonder C. to wonder D. wondered
答案与解析：
1. C。句意：像古代的水手一样，鸟儿们能够利用太阳和星星发现他们的行程。birds和use之间是主动关系，故D正确。
2. C。现在分词表示主动的关系，而过去分词通常表示被动的关系。根据该句意思：最近几年，一个叫做infosphere的英语单词出现了，结合了“信息”和“气氛”这两个单词。这里的结合与前面新出现的单词的关系是主动的，故选C。
3. C。本题考查非谓语动词作定语，对于people来说是“主动享受”，而且和there be的状态同步进行，选现在分词作定语。
4. D。句意：工作了两天，Steve成功地按时完成了他的报告。句中的逻辑主语为Steve，与work之间为主动关系，故用现在分词，又因为强调已经工作两天了，所以用现在分词的完成式having worked，表示动作的先后性。故选D。
5. D。句意：在家里面听音乐是一回事，去到现场听又是另一回事。hear sb/sth doing 听到某人某物做某事。由于音乐是被演奏的，所以需要被动，所以选D。
6. C。句子主语he和raise（及物动词，抚养）之间是被动关系，A表被动、进行，C被动完成。故C正确。
7. C。本题考查的是过去分词的用法。句意：全神贯注于绘画中，约翰没有注意到傍晚来临了。短语be absorbed in全神贯注于，在句中作状语表状态，be省略。故选C。
8. C。句意：小Tom坐在那儿看猴子在他面前跳舞，感到无比惊讶。过去分词变成的形容词在句子作状语，表示状态。过去分词表示人的感觉，所以选C。
9. B。考查非谓语动词的过去分词的用法，his mother和take care of 是被动关系，用过去分词做宾语不足语。
10. D。句意：如果电子游戏落入一个错误的人手中就能够产生一个不良影响。
11.D。句意：如果录用你了，我们将很快通知你。根据选项可知本题考查非谓语动词。本题非谓语动词的主语为“you”，根据题意得知，与选项“accept”构成被动关系，因此选择“accepted”。
12. C。本题考查过去分词做定语，spend和time之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词。
13. A。句意：当店员看到一张漂亮的脸上挤出一副抱歉的笑容时，她像扎根似的定在了那里，想着是去是留。此句的谓语动词是stood，所以wonder在此用ing形式作一个伴随状语。故选A。
知识讲解
现在分词的时态 过去分词没有时态形式的变化，此处只讲现在分词的时态形式。
一般式：doing
完成式: having done
完成被动式：having been done
现在分词一般式表示动作与谓语动作同时发生，或在谓语动词所表示的动作之前或后发生。
Working together with Dr. Bethune, we learnt a lot from him.
Knowing that they were going abroad next week, they began to make preparations.
He came up to me，saying “Glad to see you again.”
现在分词完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，常常用作状语，表示时间或原因。
Having done his homework, the schoolboy began to write his diary. (having done his homework发生在began之前，表示时间。)
Not having done it right, I tried again. (not having done发生在 tried之前，表示原因。)
Having been told to keep silent, they didn’t say a word.
分词的否定结构 现在分词的否定式由not后加现在分词构成：
Not knowing what to do, she went to the teacher for help.
I left at noon, not staying for lunch.
过去分词表否定时，常借助un-等前缀表示。 The boy was left uncared for.
区别动名词和现在分词
二者形式完全相同，都是由动词原形加-ing构成。但是它们之间有根本的区别，它们除了都具有动词特征以外, 现在分词还具有形容词和副词特征，而动名词则具有名词特征。
现在分词在句中可充当定语、表语、补语（宾语补足语或主语补足语）、状语；动名词在句中可充当主语、宾语、同位语、表语、定语。
如果-ing形式在句中充当状语和补语，那么它一定是现在分词。
Hearing the news, he got very excited. (hearing 作时间状语)
I saw him going upstairs. (going作宾语补足语)
如果-ing形式在句中充当主语、宾语或同位语，那么它一定是动名词。
Studying English is our task. (studying作主语)
He likes playing football. 他喜欢踢足球。 (playing作宾语)
His ambition, conquering the whole world, was never fulfilled. (conquering作同位语，是动名词。)
如果-ing形式在句中充当表语，-ing形式可能是现在分词，也可能是动名词。区分方法是：如果-ing形式相当于一个名词，与主语处于同等地位，可以与主语交换位置，那么它就是动名词；如果-ing形式相当于一个形容词，表示主语的性质或特征，不可以与主语交换位置，那么它就是现在分词。
His work is repairing bikes.= Repairing bikes is his work. (repairing为动名词)
The novel is interesting. (该句的表语与主语不能交换位置，interesting为现在分词。)
如果-ing形式在句中充当定语，那么它可能是现在分词，也可能是动名词。区分办法是：如果被修饰的名词与-ing形式之间有逻辑主谓关系，那么-ing形式就是现在分词；否则，-ing形式是动名词。
a sleeping car=a car for sleeping (sleep与car没有逻辑主谓关系)
a sleeping boy= a boy who is sleeping (sleep与boy有逻辑主谓关系)
分词和分词短语作定语
分词作定语时，如果分词只是一个单词，那么，该分词通常位于其所修饰的名词之前；有时单个的分词用作定语也可以用在所修饰的名词后，这多半是因为该名词或代词不适合前置定语，或者为了动作的暂时性。如果是分词短语，那么，该短语就位于其所修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
分词作定语时，被分词所修饰的名词就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。
The experience gained will be of great value and importance for all of us.
We didn’t reach any agreement on the problem discussed.
This is really an exhausting day to all of us!
More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries.
He likes to drink cold boiled water.
We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.
The young sitting between my sister and my brother is my cousin Jack.
The man sitting in the corner is my brother. (= who is sitting in the corner) Most of the people invited to the party did not come. (= who were invited to the party.)
分词和分词短语作表语
现在分词表示主语的性质，而且主语多为物；过去分词表示主语的心理感受或状态，主语多为人。
The opera is very moving and instructive.
The cups are broken. He is married
This story is touching.
分词作表语用时，相当于形容词，不可与进行时态和被动语态中的分词混淆起来。它们的形式相似，但可以从意义上加以辨别。试比较：
Lei Feng’s spirit is inspiring the people all over the country. (现在进行时)
His report is inspiring. (现在分词作表语)
The road was completed by the PLA men. (被动语态)
The road is completed. (过去分词作表语).
分词和分词短语作状语
【 分词】
分词作状语表时间、原因、方式和伴随状况：
表时间：相当于时间状语从句
Looking out of the window, I saw a woman walking in the street.
When I looked out of the window, I saw a woman walking in the street.
Heated, the metal expands. (= When it is heated)
表原因：相当于原因状语从句
Being a teacher, I must work hard.
I must work hard because I’m a teacher.
表伴随、方式或结果
She stood there, waiting for a bus.
The students came in, laughing and talking.
He came in, followed by a group of students.
He came in following a group of students.
He went away, leaving me speechless.
He won the match, making everyone happy.
注意：generally/frankly/strictly speaking, considering, judging by/from, supposing, taking everything into account, concerning, compared to/with等作独立成分，用来解释整句话，当固定短语用。
Generally speaking, houses in America are bigger than houses in this country.
Judging from your accent, you must be from Scotland.
Supposing we lose, what should we do?
They had a heated discussion concerning certain problems.
Compared to you, I’m old.
Considering his age, he is unfit for the job.
如果要强调分词短语与谓语动词所表示的时间关系，分词短语之前可用when/while等连词。
While working in the factory (= While I was working in the factory), I learnt a lot from the workers.
When heated, the metal expands.
分词和分词短语作宾补
当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用现在分词(正在进行或一直处于某种状态) ；当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用过去分词。
We saw him talking to her. (正在进行)
She kept us waiting here for an hour. (一直处于某种状态)
感官动词feel, listen to, hear, see, look at, watch, notice等后面的宾语与作宾补的非谓语动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用现在分词；是被动关系是时，用过去分词作宾补。
I saw him beaten by Tom. (him与beaten是被动关系)
We heard them singing downstairs. （them与singing是主动关系）
We saw them walking across the road.
I found my hometown almost completely rebuilt.
变为被动语态时，除主语和宾语互换位置外，分词不动。
They were seen walking across the road. The children were heard singing songs.
比较：
I saw him go upstairs. (看见他上楼整个过程，只说明他上楼这件事。)
I saw him going upstairs. (只看见他上楼这个动作的一部分，说明他上楼的情景。)
I was working in the room all morning, I heard somebody knock at the next door. (听见敲门整个过程。)
When I went back to the room, I heard her practicing singing in the next room. (只听见一部分，回房间前她已开始唱了。)
在have或get后面的复合宾语中，宾语补足语多是过去分词，而它所表示的动作往往由别人完成。
We must get the television set repaired. (请别人修)
I had my watch mended in town. (叫别人修的)
If we have shortcomings, we are not afraid to have them pointed out and criticized. (请别人指出)
但have的复合宾语中的过去分词的动作有时不一定由别人来完成，而是表自己的经验。
He had his arm broken. (不是别人给弄折的，而是自己弄折的)
分词结构的用法难点
with/without/get+宾语+分词
1. with/without+宾语+现在分词：分词表示动作正在进行或者在当时看来是持续的状态。
You should not fall asleep with the light still burning.
You cannot move the bookshelf without teachers permitting.
2. with/without+宾语+过去分词：过去分词表示它与前面做宾语的名称或代词具有被动关系。
All the weekend he stayed at home with the door closed.
Don’t sit in the chair with the legs crossed.
They all left the meeting room without any problem settled.
get+宾语+分词
get+宾语+现在分词结构中get为使役动词，意为：使……一直做某事，使……开始起来。
Can you get the clock going again?
get+宾语+过去分词：
get也是使役动词，意为：使……被……。
I have to get my hair cut. It’s too long.
“get+过去分词”结构的用法
“get+过去分词”是一个比较常用的结构，但许多学生不知道它与普通的被动语态有何区别：
在口语中，过去分词之前常用get代替be，构成被动语态。能够用于get后构成被语态的过去分词不多，常见的有arrested, broken, caught, cheated, confused, delayed, divorced, dressed, drowned, drunk, elected, engaged, hit, killed, lost, married, stuck等。
I tried to find my way round London without a map and got lost.
We were surprised at the news that she got divorced.
I got dressed as quickly as I could.
I got drunk for the first time in my life last night.
区别过去分词和现在分词的被动式
过去分词和现在分词的被动式都可表示被动，但它们的用法上不同：过去分词在表示被动的同时通常还表示完成，而现在分词的被动式不表示完成，而是表示动词在进行。比较：
I saw him taken away by the police. 我看见他被警察带走了。
I saw him being taken away by the police. 我看到他正被警察带走。
巩固练习
一、用分词结构翻译句子
1. 在这里干活的人都来自农村。（定语）
__________________________________________
2. 那天向我们讲话的那个人到日本去了。（定语）
__________________________________________
3. 有许多学生在车站等着欢迎外籍教师。（定语）
__________________________________________
4. 我昨天收到了一封用英文写的信。
__________________________________________
5. 听到这个消息他们高兴(或激动)得跳了起来.
__________________________________________
6. 他们给我寄来一封信，希望得到我的支持。
__________________________________________
7. 他在站在那里等公共汽车。
__________________________________________
二、完形填空
（2019 江苏省南通市高三第二次调研测试）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I love roller coasters. If I could ride roller coasters every day for the rest of my life I would die a really 1 man. I will stand in line for 5 minutes just to get on a ride that lasts 30 seconds. Each step that I take brings me closer and closer to my 2 of going on a ride of a lifetime. The 3 has me skipping around like a 4 year old.
But during my first ride there, that kind of thrill turned to absolute 4 when I made it to the front. 5 waiting in line I was now having a second thought. Quietly, I negotiated within myself about my courage to go through with this 6 .
From far away it looked 7 but when I was about to get in the driver’s seat I 8 I forgot my license. After some self motivation I finally made the move to 9 my seat.
On my way up I could clearly see the ups and downs 10 me. To me they were not only the route but also 11 challenges. Soon the track was full of such 12 tunnels that I could see only what was behind me but not in front.
13 there were people around me with both of their hands in the 14 while I, knowing that things were going to get 15 grasped the handle on my seat. I wouldn’t dare celebrate something that 16 me.
Just like roller coasters, 17 is full of ups and downs, darkness and light, and is unpredictable when we go through various 18 situations. The best thing to do when we meet anything 19 is to lift our hands and 20 whatever we do.
1. A. old B. happy C. brave D. unusual
2. A. tension B. hardship C. motivation D. opportunity、
3. A. excitement B. expectation C. pleasure D. anxiety
4. A. patience B. anger C. desire D. fear
5. A. Unless B. Though C. After D. Upon
6. A. competition B. commitment C. debate D. experiment
7. A.fun B. small C. normal D. mysterious
8. A. regretted B. realized C. pretended D. admitted
9. A. take B. quit C. reserve D. change
10. A. behind B. beneath C. beside D. before
11. A. mental B. intellectual C. technical D. environmental
12. A. narrow B. dark C. long D. roundabout
13. A. Unluckily B. Oddly C. Nervously D. Disappointingly
14. A. gloves B. pockets C. air D. seat
15. A. vague B. strange C. boring D. rough
16. A. confused B. astonished C. annoyed D. terrified
17. A. life B. entertainment C. dream D. ride
18. A. social B. unexpected C. serious D. general
19. A. uncertain B. uncomfortable C. challenging D. exciting
20. A. evaluate B. complete C. adore D. Enjoy
三、阅读理解
阅读下面短文，从题中所给的四个选项（A， B， C和D）中选择正确的答案。
A
The Parthenon in Athens is a building with a long and complex history. Built nearly 2,500 years ago as a temple celebrating the Greek goddess Athena, it was for thousands of years the church of the Virgin Mary of the Athenians, then a mosque (清真寺), and finally a ruin. The building was changed and the sculptures were much damaged over the centuries. By 1800 only about half of the original sculptural decoration remained.
Between 1801 and 1805, Lord Elgin, the British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, which controlled Athens, acting with the full knowledge and permission of the Ottoman authorities, removed about half of the remaining sculptures from the fallen ruins and from the building itself. Lord Elgin loved Greek history and transported the sculptures back to Britain. The arrival of the sculptures in London had a huge effect on the European public, greatly increasing interest in ancient Greek culture and influencing contemporary artistic trends. These sculptures were acquired from Lord Elgin by the British Museum in 1816 and since then they have all been on display to the public, free of charge.
Since the early 1980s, however, the Greek government has argued for the permanent removal to Athens of all the Parthenon sculptures in the British Museum. They have also challenged the British Museum Board of Trustees’ legal title to the sculptures.
The British Museum, however, insists that it exists to tell the story of cultural achievement throughout the world, from the dawn of human history over two million years ago until the present day. The museum considers itself an important resource for the world: the breadth and depth of its collection allows the world public to re-examine cultural identities and explore the complex network of interconnected world cultures.
It also says that, within the context of this unparalleled collection, the Parthenon sculptures are an important representation of ancient Athenian civilization. Each year millions of visitors admire the artistry of the sculptures and gain insights on how ancient Greece influenced and was influenced by the other civilizations that it encountered(遭遇).
1. For most of its history people went to the Parthenon to________.
A. admire the goddess Athena
B. pray to their god
C. search for sculptures
D. learn about its complex history
2. The underlined “it” (in Paragraph 4) refers to “________”.
A. the British Museum
B. the Greek government
C. the Parthenon
D. the British Museum Board of Trustees
3. What can we learn about Lord Elgin from the passage?
A. He is greatly admired in Greece.
B. He worked for the Ottoman Empire.
C. He saved the Parthenon sculptures from being destroyed.
D. He had a deep interest in Greek culture.
4. The author's main intention in writing this passage is to tell________.
A. the history of the Parthenon and its sculptures
B. what people can see in the British Museum
C. why the British Museum refuses to return the sculptures
D. the influence of Greece on British culture
B
（2019 天津模拟）Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend. He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I’ve ever had: Be bold and brave—and mighty (强大的) forces will come to your aid.
Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past, it was seldom because I had tried and failed. It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all. On the other hand, whenever I had plunged into deep water, forced by courage or circumstance, I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again.
Boldness means a decision to bite off more than you are sure you can eat. And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces. They are potential powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgment, creative ideas—even physical strength greater than most of us realize.
Admittedly, those mighty forces are spiritual ones. But they are more important than physical ones. A college classmate of mine, Tim, was an excellent football player, even though he weighed much less than the average player. “In one game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge player, who had nothing but me between him and our goal line,” said Tim. “I was so frightened that I closed my eyes and desperately threw myself at that guy like a bullet—and stopped him cold.”
Boldness—a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme—is not one that can be acquired overnight. But it can be taught to children and developed in adults. Confidence builds up. Surely, there will be setbacks (挫折) and disappointments in life; boldness in itself is no guarantee of success. But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds.
So, always try to live a little bit beyond your abilities—and you’ll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed.
5. Why was the author sometimes unable to reach his goal in the past?
A. He faced huge risks.
B. He lacked mighty forces.
C. Fear prevented him from trying.
D. Failure blocked his way to success.
6. What is the implied meaning of the underlined part?
A. Swallow more than you can digest.
B. Act slightly above your abilities.
C. Develop more mysterious powers.
D. Learn to make creative decisions.
7. What was especially important for Tim’s successful defense in the football game?
A. His physical strength. B. His basic skill.
C. His real fear. D. His spiritual force.
8. What can be learned from Paragraph 5?
A. Confidence grows more rapidly in adults.
B. Trying without success is meaningless.
C. Repeated failure creates a better life.
D. Boldness can be gained little by little.
9. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A. To encourage people to be courageous.
B. To advise people to build up physical power.
C. To tell people the ways to guarantee success.
D. To recommend people to develop more abilities.
四、书面表达
假定你是李华，今年六月份将从北京新华中学高三毕业，打算到美国哥伦比亚大学上学。现在请你根据下面表格中的个人信息，用英语写一封信，申请留学。
姓名：李华
性别：女
出生年月：1993年6月
毕业学校：北京新华中学
学业：各门功课优异
申请院校：美国哥伦比亚大学
申请专业：计算机科学
兴趣爱好：网络和英语
电子邮箱：lihua93@sina.com
注意：
1.信件必须包括以上内容，不能逐句翻译，可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
2. 词数：100左右。开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：哥伦比亚大学 the University of Columbia
Dear Sir or Madam,
I’m writing in the hope that I can obtain a chance to further my study in computer science in your university. _________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
答案与解析
一、用分词结构翻译句子
1. The men working here are all from the countryside.
2. The man speaking to us has gone to Japan.
3. There are a lot of students waiting to welcome the foreign teachers.
4. Yesterday I received a letter written in English.
5. Hearing the news, they jumped with joy(excitement).
6. They sent a letter to me, hoping to get my support.
7. He stood there waiting for the bus.
二、完形填空
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过叙述自己坐过山车的经历说明人生也具有同样的道理。艰难、困惑、挑战等都在人生路上，学会享受这些挑战与刺激。
1. B。A. old老的；B. happy高兴的，幸福的；C. brave勇敢的；D. unusual不同寻常的。根据前文的love和这里的虚拟语气假定实现愿望，那么将会幸福死去。故填B。
2.D。A. tension紧张；B. hardship艰苦；C. motivation动力；D. opportunity机会，机遇。我经历的每一次进步都会让我越来越接近终身骑行的机遇。故选D。
3. A。A. excitement兴奋；B. expectation期望；C. pleasure 高兴；D. anxiety焦急。根据前文的each step，接近自己的梦想，此处应是兴奋。故选A。
4. D。A. patience耐心；B. anger生气；C. desire渴望； D. fear害怕。与前文的thrill刺激相对应，起先感到害怕。故选D。
5. C。A. Unless除非；B. Though虽然；C. After在……之后； D. Upon在……之上。Waiting动作发生在having动作之前，故填C。
6.B。A. competition比赛；B. commitment保证，承诺；C. debate讨论。D. experiment实验。此时作者自己在给自己一份承诺，一份保证。故选B。
7. A。A. fun有趣的；B. small小的；C. normal正常的；D. mysterious秘密的。根据前文作者喜爱这种过山车，应是看着有趣。故选A。
8. C。A. regretted遗憾，后悔；B. realized意识到；C. pretended 假装；D. admitted承认。根据下文的forgot my license判断应是假装。故选C。
9. A。A. take带走；B. quit放弃；C. reserve保存； D. change改变。这时作者在进行一番自我激励后，坐到了自己的座位上。take one’s seat坐下。故选A。
10.D。A. behind在……之后；B. beneath在……之下；C. beside在……旁边；D. before在……之前。过山车经历的是起伏不断的山峰，现在在作者面前的就是这种情形。故选D。
11. A。A. mental心理的，精神的；B. intellectual智力的；C. technical技术的；D. environmental环境的。根据下文的challenges判断应是心理的挑战。故选A。
12. B。A. narrow窄的；B. dark黑暗的；C. long长的；D. roundabout迂回的，兜圈子的。根据下文的看不到前面，只看到后面，应是漆黑一片。故选B。
13. B。A. Unluckily不幸地；B. Oddly怪异地，反常地；C. Nervously紧张地；D. Disappointingly感到失望地。作者周围的人都很反常地两只手在空中抓，说明人们心中的恐惧感。故选B。
14. C。A. gloves 手套；B. pockets口袋；C. air 空气；D. seat座位。与我坐在座位上紧紧抓住把手相比，人们只是在空中乱抓。故选C。
15.D。A. vague模糊不清的；B. strange奇怪的；C. boring令人厌烦的；D. rough粗糙的，不平静的，艰苦的，困难的。此时作者知道会更残酷，故紧紧抓住扶手。get tough变得困难、艰苦。故选D。
16. D。A. confused……混淆不清；B. astonished 使……震惊；C. annoyed使……感到厌烦；D. terrified使……感到害怕。与前文的dare对应。故选D。
17. A。A. life生命，生活；B. entertainment娱乐；C. dream梦想；D. ride骑车。作者从过山车的经历中得到人生哲理。故选A。
18. B。A. social社会的，社交的；B. unexpected预想不到的；C. serious严肃的，认真的；D. general大题的，笼统的。与前文的darkness and light, and is unpredictable对应，应是不可预料的。故选B。
19.C。A. uncertain不确定的；B. uncomfortable不舒服的；C. challenging具有挑战性的；D. exciting令人振奋发热。与前文的challenge相对应。故选C。
20.D。A. evaluate估计，评价；B. complete完成；C. adore热爱，爱慕； D. enjoy喜欢，享受。此处作者鼓励人们学会享受刺激与挑战。故选D。
三、阅读理解
A篇
短文大意：希腊政府想要回被英国搬到大英博物馆里的珍贵文物，遭到了英国政府的拒绝。
1. B。根据原文第一段“Built nearly 2,500 years ago as..., it was for thousands of years... then...”可知，建成后漫长的时间里，Parthenon是作为宗教场所使用的。
2. A.。很显然这里指的是主句的主语The British Museum。句意为：大不列颠博物馆坚持认为自己的存在是为了讲述从人类起源到现在的全世界的文化成就。
3. D。由第二段对他的描述：acting with the full knowledge…loved Greek history等，可以推出，埃尔金勋爵对希腊文化有着浓厚的兴趣。
4. C。文章首先简介了帕特农神殿的历史，然后介绍了里面的文物如何大量流入了英国大不列颠博物馆。接下来用大量的篇幅向我们介绍了英国政府拒绝希腊政府对于永久归还属于自己的东西这一要求的理由。
B篇
本文是一篇议论文。作者联系自己的经历说明了大胆的重要性，并鼓励人们有勇气和胆量。
5. C。细节理解题。根据文章第二段It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all.可知作者过去没能达成目标是因为他害怕失败。故选C。
6. B。词句猜测题，利用代入法。根据后句And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces…greater than most of us realize可知“行为略高于你的能力”。故选B。
7. D。细节理解题。根据第四段首句Admittedly, those mighty forces are spiritual ones.可知在于他的精神力量。后面拿Tim作例子进一步阐述主题句，故选D。
8. D。段落大意题。根据第五段首句Boldness—a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme—is not one that can be acquired overnight.可知大胆是一点点获得的。故选D。
9. A。推理判断题。根据全文内容可知作者联系自己的经历说明了大胆的重要性，并鼓励人们有勇气和胆量。故选A。
四、书面表达
Dear Sir or Madam,
I’m writing in the hope that I can obtain a chance to further my study in computer science in your university.
First, please allow me to take a brief introduction of myself. I’m Li Hua, a girl born in June, 1993. I am graduating from Beijing Xinhua High School this coming June. I’m an all-student with a keen interest in computers and the Internet. Besides, I’m good at English. I know that the University of Columbia is ranked among the most famous universities in the USA, and that’s the very reason why I’m now applying to further my university study in you Computer Science Department.
I would appreciate it if you could take the trouble to provide me with some information and send me the necessary application materials. By the way, my email address is lihua93@sina.com.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
真题再现
1.（2019重庆模拟）Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way____ the sun and the stars.
A. used B. having used C. using D. use
2.（2019福建模拟）In recent years an English word "infosphere" has appeared, _______the sense of “information” and "atmosphere".
A. combine B. combined C. combining D. being combined
3. （2019北京模拟）The park was full of people _________ themselves in the sunshine
A. having enjoyed B. enjoyed C. enjoying D. to enjoy
4.（2019天津模拟）______ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
A. To work B. Worked C. To be working D. Having worked
5.（2019浙江模拟）Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it _______ live is quite another.
A. perform B. performing C. to perform D. being performed
6.（2019重庆模拟）____ in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.
A. Being raised B. Raising C. Raised D. To raise
7.（2019天津模拟）______in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.
A. To absorb B. To be absorbed C. Absorbed D. Absorbing
8.（2019四川模拟）Little Tom sat watching the monkey dancing in front of him.
A. amaze B. amazing C. amazed D. to amaze
9. （2019陕西模拟）Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother _______ good care of at home.
A. taking B. taken C. take D. be taken
10.（2019湖南模拟）Video games can be a poor influence if ________ in the wrong hands.
A. to leave B. leaving C. leave D. left
11.（2019北京模拟）If ___for the job, you’ll be informed soon.
A .to accept B. accept C. accepting D. accepted
12.（2019江苏模拟）Much time ________ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
A. being spent B. having spent C. spent D. spending
13. （2019湖南模拟）When the clerk saw a kind of face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, _________ whether to stay or leave.
A. wondering B. wonder C. to wonder D. wondered
答案与解析：
1. C。句意：像古代的水手一样，鸟儿们能够利用太阳和星星发现他们的行程。birds和use之间是主动关系，故D正确。
2. C。现在分词表示主动的关系，而过去分词通常表示被动的关系。根据该句意思：最近几年，一个叫做infosphere的英语单词出现了，结合了“信息”和“气氛”这两个单词。这里的结合与前面新出现的单词的关系是主动的，故选C。
3. C。本题考查非谓语动词作定语，对于people来说是“主动享受”，而且和there be的状态同步进行，选现在分词作定语。
4. D。句意：工作了两天，Steve成功地按时完成了他的报告。句中的逻辑主语为Steve，与work之间为主动关系，故用现在分词，又因为强调已经工作两天了，所以用现在分词的完成式having worked，表示动作的先后性。故选D。
5. D。句意：在家里面听音乐是一回事，去到现场听又是另一回事。hear sb/sth doing 听到某人某物做某事。由于音乐是被演奏的，所以需要被动，所以选D。
6. C。句子主语he和raise（及物动词，抚养）之间是被动关系，A表被动、进行，C被动完成。故C正确。
7. C。本题考查的是过去分词的用法。句意：全神贯注于绘画中，约翰没有注意到傍晚来临了。短语be absorbed in全神贯注于，在句中作状语表状态，be省略。故选C。
8. C。句意：小Tom坐在那儿看猴子在他面前跳舞，感到无比惊讶。过去分词变成的形容词在句子作状语，表示状态。过去分词表示人的感觉，所以选C。
9. B。考查非谓语动词的过去分词的用法，his mother和take care of 是被动关系，用过去分词做宾语不足语。
10. D。句意：如果电子游戏落入一个错误的人手中就能够产生一个不良影响。
11.D。句意：如果录用你了，我们将很快通知你。根据选项可知本题考查非谓语动词。本题非谓语动词的主语为“you”，根据题意得知，与选项“accept”构成被动关系，因此选择“accepted”。
12. C。本题考查过去分词做定语，spend和time之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词。
13. A。句意：当店员看到一张漂亮的脸上挤出一副抱歉的笑容时，她像扎根似的定在了那里，想着是去是留。此句的谓语动词是stood，所以wonder在此用ing形式作一个伴随状语。故选A。
知识讲解
现在分词的时态 过去分词没有时态形式的变化，此处只讲现在分词的时态形式。
一般式：doing
完成式: having done
完成被动式：having been done
现在分词一般式表示动作与谓语动作同时发生，或在谓语动词所表示的动作之前或后发生。
Working together with Dr. Bethune, we learnt a lot from him.
Knowing that they were going abroad next week, they began to make preparations.
He came up to me，saying “Glad to see you again.”
现在分词完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，常常用作状语，表示时间或原因。
Having done his homework, the schoolboy began to write his diary. (having done his homework发生在began之前，表示时间。)
Not having done it right, I tried again. (not having done发生在 tried之前，表示原因。)
Having been told to keep silent, they didn’t say a word.
分词的否定结构 现在分词的否定式由not后加现在分词构成：
Not knowing what to do, she went to the teacher for help.
I left at noon, not staying for lunch.
过去分词表否定时，常借助un-等前缀表示。 The boy was left uncared for.
区别动名词和现在分词
二者形式完全相同，都是由动词原形加-ing构成。但是它们之间有根本的区别，它们除了都具有动词特征以外, 现在分词还具有形容词和副词特征，而动名词则具有名词特征。
现在分词在句中可充当定语、表语、补语（宾语补足语或主语补足语）、状语；动名词在句中可充当主语、宾语、同位语、表语、定语。
如果-ing形式在句中充当状语和补语，那么它一定是现在分词。
Hearing the news, he got very excited. (hearing 作时间状语)
I saw him going upstairs. (going作宾语补足语)
如果-ing形式在句中充当主语、宾语或同位语，那么它一定是动名词。
Studying English is our task. (studying作主语)
He likes playing football. 他喜欢踢足球。 (playing作宾语)
His ambition, conquering the whole world, was never fulfilled. (conquering作同位语，是动名词。)
如果-ing形式在句中充当表语，-ing形式可能是现在分词，也可能是动名词。区分方法是：如果-ing形式相当于一个名词，与主语处于同等地位，可以与主语交换位置，那么它就是动名词；如果-ing形式相当于一个形容词，表示主语的性质或特征，不可以与主语交换位置，那么它就是现在分词。
His work is repairing bikes.= Repairing bikes is his work. (repairing为动名词)
The novel is interesting. (该句的表语与主语不能交换位置，interesting为现在分词。)
如果-ing形式在句中充当定语，那么它可能是现在分词，也可能是动名词。区分办法是：如果被修饰的名词与-ing形式之间有逻辑主谓关系，那么-ing形式就是现在分词；否则，-ing形式是动名词。
a sleeping car=a car for sleeping (sleep与car没有逻辑主谓关系)
a sleeping boy= a boy who is sleeping (sleep与boy有逻辑主谓关系)
分词和分词短语作定语
分词作定语时，如果分词只是一个单词，那么，该分词通常位于其所修饰的名词之前；有时单个的分词用作定语也可以用在所修饰的名词后，这多半是因为该名词或代词不适合前置定语，或者为了动作的暂时性。如果是分词短语，那么，该短语就位于其所修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
分词作定语时，被分词所修饰的名词就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。
The experience gained will be of great value and importance for all of us.
We didn’t reach any agreement on the problem discussed.
This is really an exhausting day to all of us!
More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries.
He likes to drink cold boiled water.
We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.
The young sitting between my sister and my brother is my cousin Jack.
The man sitting in the corner is my brother. (= who is sitting in the corner) Most of the people invited to the party did not come. (= who were invited to the party.)
分词和分词短语作表语
现在分词表示主语的性质，而且主语多为物；过去分词表示主语的心理感受或状态，主语多为人。
The opera is very moving and instructive.
The cups are broken. He is married
This story is touching.
分词作表语用时，相当于形容词，不可与进行时态和被动语态中的分词混淆起来。它们的形式相似，但可以从意义上加以辨别。试比较：
Lei Feng’s spirit is inspiring the people all over the country. (现在进行时)
His report is inspiring. (现在分词作表语)
The road was completed by the PLA men. (被动语态)
The road is completed. (过去分词作表语).
分词和分词短语作状语
【 分词】
分词作状语表时间、原因、方式和伴随状况：
表时间：相当于时间状语从句
Looking out of the window, I saw a woman walking in the street.
When I looked out of the window, I saw a woman walking in the street.
Heated, the metal expands. (= When it is heated)
表原因：相当于原因状语从句
Being a teacher, I must work hard.
I must work hard because I’m a teacher.
表伴随、方式或结果
She stood there, waiting for a bus.
The students came in, laughing and talking.
He came in, followed by a group of students.
He came in following a group of students.
He went away, leaving me speechless.
He won the match, making everyone happy.
注意：generally/frankly/strictly speaking, considering, judging by/from, supposing, taking everything into account, concerning, compared to/with等作独立成分，用来解释整句话，当固定短语用。
Generally speaking, houses in America are bigger than houses in this country.
Judging from your accent, you must be from Scotland.
Supposing we lose, what should we do?
They had a heated discussion concerning certain problems.
Compared to you, I’m old.
Considering his age, he is unfit for the job.
如果要强调分词短语与谓语动词所表示的时间关系，分词短语之前可用when/while等连词。
While working in the factory (= While I was working in the factory), I learnt a lot from the workers.
When heated, the metal expands.
分词和分词短语作宾补
当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用现在分词(正在进行或一直处于某种状态) ；当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用过去分词。
We saw him talking to her. (正在进行)
She kept us waiting here for an hour. (一直处于某种状态)
感官动词feel, listen to, hear, see, look at, watch, notice等后面的宾语与作宾补的非谓语动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用现在分词；是被动关系是时，用过去分词作宾补。
I saw him beaten by Tom. (him与beaten是被动关系)
We heard them singing downstairs. （them与singing是主动关系）
We saw them walking across the road.
I found my hometown almost completely rebuilt.
变为被动语态时，除主语和宾语互换位置外，分词不动。
They were seen walking across the road. The children were heard singing songs.
比较：
I saw him go upstairs. (看见他上楼整个过程，只说明他上楼这件事。)
I saw him going upstairs. (只看见他上楼这个动作的一部分，说明他上楼的情景。)
I was working in the room all morning, I heard somebody knock at the next door. (听见敲门整个过程。)
When I went back to the room, I heard her practicing singing in the next room. (只听见一部分，回房间前她已开始唱了。)
在have或get后面的复合宾语中，宾语补足语多是过去分词，而它所表示的动作往往由别人完成。
We must get the television set repaired. (请别人修)
I had my watch mended in town. (叫别人修的)
If we have shortcomings, we are not afraid to have them pointed out and criticized. (请别人指出)
但have的复合宾语中的过去分词的动作有时不一定由别人来完成，而是表自己的经验。
He had his arm broken. (不是别人给弄折的，而是自己弄折的)
分词结构的用法难点
with/without/get+宾语+分词
1. with/without+宾语+现在分词：分词表示动作正在进行或者在当时看来是持续的状态。
You should not fall asleep with the light still burning.
You cannot move the bookshelf without teachers permitting.
2. with/without+宾语+过去分词：过去分词表示它与前面做宾语的名称或代词具有被动关系。
All the weekend he stayed at home with the door closed.
Don’t sit in the chair with the legs crossed.
They all left the meeting room without any problem settled.
get+宾语+分词
get+宾语+现在分词结构中get为使役动词，意为：使……一直做某事，使……开始起来。
Can you get the clock going again?
get+宾语+过去分词：
get也是使役动词，意为：使……被……。
I have to get my hair cut. It’s too long.
“get+过去分词”结构的用法
“get+过去分词”是一个比较常用的结构，但许多学生不知道它与普通的被动语态有何区别：
在口语中，过去分词之前常用get代替be，构成被动语态。能够用于get后构成被语态的过去分词不多，常见的有arrested, broken, caught, cheated, confused, delayed, divorced, dressed, drowned, drunk, elected, engaged, hit, killed, lost, married, stuck等。
I tried to find my way round London without a map and got lost.
We were surprised at the news that she got divorced.
I got dressed as quickly as I could.
I got drunk for the first time in my life last night.
区别过去分词和现在分词的被动式
过去分词和现在分词的被动式都可表示被动，但它们的用法上不同：过去分词在表示被动的同时通常还表示完成，而现在分词的被动式不表示完成，而是表示动词在进行。比较：
I saw him taken away by the police. 我看见他被警察带走了。
I saw him being taken away by the police. 我看到他正被警察带走。
巩固练习
一、用分词结构翻译句子
1. 在这里干活的人都来自农村。（定语）
__________________________________________
2. 那天向我们讲话的那个人到日本去了。（定语）
__________________________________________
3. 有许多学生在车站等着欢迎外籍教师。（定语）
__________________________________________
4. 我昨天收到了一封用英文写的信。
__________________________________________
5. 听到这个消息他们高兴(或激动)得跳了起来.
__________________________________________
6. 他们给我寄来一封信，希望得到我的支持。
__________________________________________
7. 他在站在那里等公共汽车。
__________________________________________
二、完形填空
（2019 江苏省南通市高三第二次调研测试）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I love roller coasters. If I could ride roller coasters every day for the rest of my life I would die a really 1 man. I will stand in line for 5 minutes just to get on a ride that lasts 30 seconds. Each step that I take brings me closer and closer to my 2 of going on a ride of a lifetime. The 3 has me skipping around like a 4 year old.
But during my first ride there, that kind of thrill turned to absolute 4 when I made it to the front. 5 waiting in line I was now having a second thought. Quietly, I negotiated within myself about my courage to go through with this 6 .
From far away it looked 7 but when I was about to get in the driver’s seat I 8 I forgot my license. After some self motivation I finally made the move to 9 my seat.
On my way up I could clearly see the ups and downs 10 me. To me they were not only the route but also 11 challenges. Soon the track was full of such 12 tunnels that I could see only what was behind me but not in front.
13 there were people around me with both of their hands in the 14 while I, knowing that things were going to get 15 grasped the handle on my seat. I wouldn’t dare celebrate something that 16 me.
Just like roller coasters, 17 is full of ups and downs, darkness and light, and is unpredictable when we go through various 18 situations. The best thing to do when we meet anything 19 is to lift our hands and 20 whatever we do.
1. A. old B. happy C. brave D. unusual
2. A. tension B. hardship C. motivation D. opportunity、
3. A. excitement B. expectation C. pleasure D. anxiety
4. A. patience B. anger C. desire D. fear
5. A. Unless B. Though C. After D. Upon
6. A. competition B. commitment C. debate D. experiment
7. A.fun B. small C. normal D. mysterious
8. A. regretted B. realized C. pretended D. admitted
9. A. take B. quit C. reserve D. change
10. A. behind B. beneath C. beside D. before
11. A. mental B. intellectual C. technical D. environmental
12. A. narrow B. dark C. long D. roundabout
13. A. Unluckily B. Oddly C. Nervously D. Disappointingly
14. A. gloves B. pockets C. air D. seat
15. A. vague B. strange C. boring D. rough
16. A. confused B. astonished C. annoyed D. terrified
17. A. life B. entertainment C. dream D. ride
18. A. social B. unexpected C. serious D. general
19. A. uncertain B. uncomfortable C. challenging D. exciting
20. A. evaluate B. complete C. adore D. Enjoy
三、阅读理解
阅读下面短文，从题中所给的四个选项（A， B， C和D）中选择正确的答案。
A
The Parthenon in Athens is a building with a long and complex history. Built nearly 2,500 years ago as a temple celebrating the Greek goddess Athena, it was for thousands of years the church of the Virgin Mary of the Athenians, then a mosque (清真寺), and finally a ruin. The building was changed and the sculptures were much damaged over the centuries. By 1800 only about half of the original sculptural decoration remained.
Between 1801 and 1805, Lord Elgin, the British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, which controlled Athens, acting with the full knowledge and permission of the Ottoman authorities, removed about half of the remaining sculptures from the fallen ruins and from the building itself. Lord Elgin loved Greek history and transported the sculptures back to Britain. The arrival of the sculptures in London had a huge effect on the European public, greatly increasing interest in ancient Greek culture and influencing contemporary artistic trends. These sculptures were acquired from Lord Elgin by the British Museum in 1816 and since then they have all been on display to the public, free of charge.
Since the early 1980s, however, the Greek government has argued for the permanent removal to Athens of all the Parthenon sculptures in the British Museum. They have also challenged the British Museum Board of Trustees’ legal title to the sculptures.
The British Museum, however, insists that it exists to tell the story of cultural achievement throughout the world, from the dawn of human history over two million years ago until the present day. The museum considers itself an important resource for the world: the breadth and depth of its collection allows the world public to re-examine cultural identities and explore the complex network of interconnected world cultures.
It also says that, within the context of this unparalleled collection, the Parthenon sculptures are an important representation of ancient Athenian civilization. Each year millions of visitors admire the artistry of the sculptures and gain insights on how ancient Greece influenced and was influenced by the other civilizations that it encountered(遭遇).
1. For most of its history people went to the Parthenon to________.
A. admire the goddess Athena
B. pray to their god
C. search for sculptures
D. learn about its complex history
2. The underlined “it” (in Paragraph 4) refers to “________”.
A. the British Museum
B. the Greek government
C. the Parthenon
D. the British Museum Board of Trustees
3. What can we learn about Lord Elgin from the passage?
A. He is greatly admired in Greece.
B. He worked for the Ottoman Empire.
C. He saved the Parthenon sculptures from being destroyed.
D. He had a deep interest in Greek culture.
4. The author's main intention in writing this passage is to tell________.
A. the history of the Parthenon and its sculptures
B. what people can see in the British Museum
C. why the British Museum refuses to return the sculptures
D. the influence of Greece on British culture
B
（2019 天津模拟）Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend. He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I’ve ever had: Be bold and brave—and mighty (强大的) forces will come to your aid.
Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past, it was seldom because I had tried and failed. It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all. On the other hand, whenever I had plunged into deep water, forced by courage or circumstance, I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again.
Boldness means a decision to bite off more than you are sure you can eat. And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces. They are potential powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgment, creative ideas—even physical strength greater than most of us realize.
Admittedly, those mighty forces are spiritual ones. But they are more important than physical ones. A college classmate of mine, Tim, was an excellent football player, even though he weighed much less than the average player. “In one game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge player, who had nothing but me between him and our goal line,” said Tim. “I was so frightened that I closed my eyes and desperately threw myself at that guy like a bullet—and stopped him cold.”
Boldness—a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme—is not one that can be acquired overnight. But it can be taught to children and developed in adults. Confidence builds up. Surely, there will be setbacks (挫折) and disappointments in life; boldness in itself is no guarantee of success. But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds.
So, always try to live a little bit beyond your abilities—and you’ll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed.
5. Why was the author sometimes unable to reach his goal in the past?
A. He faced huge risks.
B. He lacked mighty forces.
C. Fear prevented him from trying.
D. Failure blocked his way to success.
6. What is the implied meaning of the underlined part?
A. Swallow more than you can digest.
B. Act slightly above your abilities.
C. Develop more mysterious powers.
D. Learn to make creative decisions.
7. What was especially important for Tim’s successful defense in the football game?
A. His physical strength. B. His basic skill.
C. His real fear. D. His spiritual force.
8. What can be learned from Paragraph 5?
A. Confidence grows more rapidly in adults.
B. Trying without success is meaningless.
C. Repeated failure creates a better life.
D. Boldness can be gained little by little.
9. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A. To encourage people to be courageous.
B. To advise people to build up physical power.
C. To tell people the ways to guarantee success.
D. To recommend people to develop more abilities.
四、书面表达
假定你是李华，今年六月份将从北京新华中学高三毕业，打算到美国哥伦比亚大学上学。现在请你根据下面表格中的个人信息，用英语写一封信，申请留学。
姓名：李华
性别：女
出生年月：1993年6月
毕业学校：北京新华中学
学业：各门功课优异
申请院校：美国哥伦比亚大学
申请专业：计算机科学
兴趣爱好：网络和英语
电子邮箱：lihua93@sina.com
注意：
1.信件必须包括以上内容，不能逐句翻译，可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
2. 词数：100左右。开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：哥伦比亚大学 the University of Columbia
Dear Sir or Madam,
I’m writing in the hope that I can obtain a chance to further my study in computer science in your university. _________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
答案与解析
一、用分词结构翻译句子
1. The men working here are all from the countryside.
2. The man speaking to us has gone to Japan.
3. There are a lot of students waiting to welcome the foreign teachers.
4. Yesterday I received a letter written in English.
5. Hearing the news, they jumped with joy(excitement).
6. They sent a letter to me, hoping to get my support.
7. He stood there waiting for the bus.
二、完形填空
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过叙述自己坐过山车的经历说明人生也具有同样的道理。艰难、困惑、挑战等都在人生路上，学会享受这些挑战与刺激。
1. B。A. old老的；B. happy高兴的，幸福的；C. brave勇敢的；D. unusual不同寻常的。根据前文的love和这里的虚拟语气假定实现愿望，那么将会幸福死去。故填B。
2.D。A. tension紧张；B. hardship艰苦；C. motivation动力；D. opportunity机会，机遇。我经历的每一次进步都会让我越来越接近终身骑行的机遇。故选D。
3. A。A. excitement兴奋；B. expectation期望；C. pleasure 高兴；D. anxiety焦急。根据前文的each step，接近自己的梦想，此处应是兴奋。故选A。
4. D。A. patience耐心；B. anger生气；C. desire渴望； D. fear害怕。与前文的thrill刺激相对应，起先感到害怕。故选D。
5. C。A. Unless除非；B. Though虽然；C. After在……之后； D. Upon在……之上。Waiting动作发生在having动作之前，故填C。
6.B。A. competition比赛；B. commitment保证，承诺；C. debate讨论。D. experiment实验。此时作者自己在给自己一份承诺，一份保证。故选B。
7. A。A. fun有趣的；B. small小的；C. normal正常的；D. mysterious秘密的。根据前文作者喜爱这种过山车，应是看着有趣。故选A。
8. C。A. regretted遗憾，后悔；B. realized意识到；C. pretended 假装；D. admitted承认。根据下文的forgot my license判断应是假装。故选C。
9. A。A. take带走；B. quit放弃；C. reserve保存； D. change改变。这时作者在进行一番自我激励后，坐到了自己的座位上。take one’s seat坐下。故选A。
10.D。A. behind在……之后；B. beneath在……之下；C. beside在……旁边；D. before在……之前。过山车经历的是起伏不断的山峰，现在在作者面前的就是这种情形。故选D。
11. A。A. mental心理的，精神的；B. intellectual智力的；C. technical技术的；D. environmental环境的。根据下文的challenges判断应是心理的挑战。故选A。
12. B。A. narrow窄的；B. dark黑暗的；C. long长的；D. roundabout迂回的，兜圈子的。根据下文的看不到前面，只看到后面，应是漆黑一片。故选B。
13. B。A. Unluckily不幸地；B. Oddly怪异地，反常地；C. Nervously紧张地；D. Disappointingly感到失望地。作者周围的人都很反常地两只手在空中抓，说明人们心中的恐惧感。故选B。
14. C。A. gloves 手套；B. pockets口袋；C. air 空气；D. seat座位。与我坐在座位上紧紧抓住把手相比，人们只是在空中乱抓。故选C。
15.D。A. vague模糊不清的；B. strange奇怪的；C. boring令人厌烦的；D. rough粗糙的，不平静的，艰苦的，困难的。此时作者知道会更残酷，故紧紧抓住扶手。get tough变得困难、艰苦。故选D。
16. D。A. confused……混淆不清；B. astonished 使……震惊；C. annoyed使……感到厌烦；D. terrified使……感到害怕。与前文的dare对应。故选D。
17. A。A. life生命，生活；B. entertainment娱乐；C. dream梦想；D. ride骑车。作者从过山车的经历中得到人生哲理。故选A。
18. B。A. social社会的，社交的；B. unexpected预想不到的；C. serious严肃的，认真的；D. general大题的，笼统的。与前文的darkness and light, and is unpredictable对应，应是不可预料的。故选B。
19.C。A. uncertain不确定的；B. uncomfortable不舒服的；C. challenging具有挑战性的；D. exciting令人振奋发热。与前文的challenge相对应。故选C。
20.D。A. evaluate估计，评价；B. complete完成；C. adore热爱，爱慕； D. enjoy喜欢，享受。此处作者鼓励人们学会享受刺激与挑战。故选D。
三、阅读理解
A篇
短文大意：希腊政府想要回被英国搬到大英博物馆里的珍贵文物，遭到了英国政府的拒绝。
1. B。根据原文第一段“Built nearly 2,500 years ago as..., it was for thousands of years... then...”可知，建成后漫长的时间里，Parthenon是作为宗教场所使用的。
2. A.。很显然这里指的是主句的主语The British Museum。句意为：大不列颠博物馆坚持认为自己的存在是为了讲述从人类起源到现在的全世界的文化成就。
3. D。由第二段对他的描述：acting with the full knowledge…loved Greek history等，可以推出，埃尔金勋爵对希腊文化有着浓厚的兴趣。
4. C。文章首先简介了帕特农神殿的历史，然后介绍了里面的文物如何大量流入了英国大不列颠博物馆。接下来用大量的篇幅向我们介绍了英国政府拒绝希腊政府对于永久归还属于自己的东西这一要求的理由。
B篇
本文是一篇议论文。作者联系自己的经历说明了大胆的重要性，并鼓励人们有勇气和胆量。
5. C。细节理解题。根据文章第二段It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all.可知作者过去没能达成目标是因为他害怕失败。故选C。
6. B。词句猜测题，利用代入法。根据后句And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces…greater than most of us realize可知“行为略高于你的能力”。故选B。
7. D。细节理解题。根据第四段首句Admittedly, those mighty forces are spiritual ones.可知在于他的精神力量。后面拿Tim作例子进一步阐述主题句，故选D。
8. D。段落大意题。根据第五段首句Boldness—a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme—is not one that can be acquired overnight.可知大胆是一点点获得的。故选D。
9. A。推理判断题。根据全文内容可知作者联系自己的经历说明了大胆的重要性，并鼓励人们有勇气和胆量。故选A。
四、书面表达
Dear Sir or Madam,
I’m writing in the hope that I can obtain a chance to further my study in computer science in your university.
First, please allow me to take a brief introduction of myself. I’m Li Hua, a girl born in June, 1993. I am graduating from Beijing Xinhua High School this coming June. I’m an all-student with a keen interest in computers and the Internet. Besides, I’m good at English. I know that the University of Columbia is ranked among the most famous universities in the USA, and that’s the very reason why I’m now applying to further my university study in you Computer Science Department.
I would appreciate it if you could take the trouble to provide me with some information and send me the necessary application materials. By the way, my email address is lihua93@sina.com.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua