北师大版高中英语高考总复习：26总复习 被动语态
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| 名称 | 北师大版高中英语高考总复习：26总复习 被动语态 |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2019-12-05 00:00:00 | ||
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高考总复习：被动语态
真题再现：
1.（2019安徽模拟）It is reported that a space station ______ on the moon in years to come.
A. will be building B. will he built C. has been building D. has been built
2.（2019重庆模拟）In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat____ cut.
A. will have been B. will be C. was D. has been
3.（2019天津模拟）Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement______ so far by the two sides.
A. has been reached B. was reached
C. will reach D. will have reached
4.（2019四川模拟）More expressways _______ in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
A. are being built B. will be built C. have been built D. had been built
5.（2019湖南模拟）I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but_______ thankfully by the shop window.
A. am held back B. held back C. hold back D. was held back
6.（2019福建模拟）To my delight, I___________ from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
A. was chosen B. was being chosen C. would choose D. had chosen
7.（2019北京模拟）—Did you enjoy the party?
—Yes. We _____well by our hosts.
A. were treated B. would be treated C. treated D. had treated
8. Experiments of this kind _____ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.
A. have conducted B. have been conducted
C. had conducted D. had been conducted
9. —I didn’t ask for the name list. Why _____ on my desk?
—I put it there just now in case you needed it.
A. does it land B. has it landed C. will it land D. had it landed
10. After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team _____ four days later.
A. rescued B. was rescued C. has rescued D. had been rescued
答案与解析
1. B。本题考查的是将来时态被动的用法，句意为：据报道，在将来的几年里，一个太空站将会在月球上建立。
2. D。句意：在我的家乡，农民们在收完麦子之后都会吃一顿丰收晚餐。整个句子描述的是常态，主句是一般现在时，从句用一般现在时或现在完成时。麦子是“被收获”，故D正确。
3. A。句意：尽管之前多轮谈判，但到目前为止双方没有达成任何协议。根据句中的时间状语so far“到目前为止”可知用现在完成时。主语agreement与reach为被动关系，故选A。
4. B。从soon可以看出应该是将来的事，选择将来时的被动语态。句意：在四川，更多的高速路将很快被建成，用以提升当地经济。
5. A。句意：我有一种强烈的愿望进去跟玩那个玩具，但是多亏被橱窗阻止了。But连接两个并列的谓语，并且第二个动作是“被阻止”，用被动语态，根据前一句的时态had排除选项A。
6. A。根据句意：让我高兴的是，我从成百上千的参加者中被选中参加开幕式。可以知道应该是被动语态，又因为被选中是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去式，故选A。
7. A。问句中的时态为过去时，问的是过去的情况，答语中“被好好款待”也应该是过去的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态。
8. D。experiment和conduct之间为被动关系，故排除A项和C项。conduct这一动作发生在第二次世界大战之前，即“过去的过去”。
9. B。根据句意可知名单现在在桌子上，故用现在时，排除C，D项；句中强调land这一动作对现在产生的结果或影响，用现在完成时。
10. B。根据句意，member和rescue之间为被动关系，排除A，C项；另外rescue并不是发生在get lost之前，只是陈述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时。
知识讲解：
被动语态的使用场合
1.语义的需要：不知道或者没必要指出动作的执行者。
They are poorly paid.（没必要指出谁付工资）
2.强调的需要：突出动作的承受者。
The schedule has been changed. (突出时间表)
3.礼貌的需要：避免说出动作的执行者。
Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. (避免说出“我们禁止”)
4.句式的需要：有些表达习惯上用被动语态。
He is said to be a billionaire.
被动语态的基本时态变化
被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。
一般现在时：am/is/are +done (过去分词)
English is widely used in the world.
现在完成时：has /have been done
All those flowers have been watered.
现在进行时：am/is /are being done
The blackboard is being painted now.
一般过去时：was/were done
We were asked to help them.
过去完成时：had been done
The building had been completed before I arrived.
过去进行时：was/were being done
The university was being built when I saw last time.
一般将来时：shall/will be done
A class meeting will be held next Monday.
过去将来时：should/would be done
She said the book would be delivered soon.
将来完成时：shall/will have been done
I will have finished my high school this time next year.
被动语态的特殊结构形式
1.含情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
The books may be kept for two weeks.
What’s done cannot be undone.
2. 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
Many books were given to the children at the school.
Ann wasn’t offered the job.
3. 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不变。
He was seen sitting there without doing anything.
4. 在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。
The poor children were made to work 12 hours a day.
She is made to clean the floor.
5. 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。在被动结构中，切不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
Bad habits have been done away with．
The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible．
使用被动语态的场合
1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。
Printing was introduced to Europe from China.
2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。
Health is valued above everything.
3. 为了更好地安排句子。
We were shocked by the bad news.
“It is said/thought/believed that...”及类似句型
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。有：
It is said that… 据说……
It is reported that… 据报道……
It is believed that… 大家相信……
It is hoped that… 大家希望……
It is well known that… 众所周知……
It is thought that… 大家认为……
It is suggested that… 据建议……
Somebody/ something be supposed to do... 被期望……；应该
It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.
The boy is said to have passed the national exam.
I’m supposed to be meeting Tom at 8:15.
主动表被动的若干情形
1. 某些连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动，因为连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式。
That dog looks dangerous.
My advice proved to be wrong.
2.?当open, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
The door won’t shut(关不上).
The window won’t lock（锁不上）.
注：该用法的不及物动词通常与can’t, won’t?等连用，注意它与用被动语态含义不同：
The window won’t shut.(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了)
The window won’t be shut. (窗户本身没问题，只是不用关上)
3. 当read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用。
The cloth washes well. （好洗）
His book doesn’t sell well.（不好销）
This shirt will wear very long.（耐穿）。
The parcel carries easily.（好搬运）
4. 某些表示开始和结束的动词(begin, start, finish, end等)，当主语为事物且不强调动作的执行者时，可用主动语态表示被动意义。
School begins in September.
When does the concert begin?
5.?有的动词本身含有被动意味，通常用主动形式来表示被动含义。
My skirt caught on a nail.
The plan worked out successfully.
6.不定式to blame, to let用作表语时，通常要用主动表被动。
Who is to blame?
The house is to let.
7. 某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。
The poem is not easy to understand.
Your writing is impossible to read.
注：这类结构的特点是句子主语就是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，按理说其中的不定式要用被动形式，但习惯上却要用主动表被动。这类形容词常见的有awkward, convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe, tough, tricky, unpleasant 等。
8. be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动。
This might be worth thinking about.
9. 在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义。
The plants want watering every day.
He needs operating on at once.= He needs to be operated on at once.
非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
1. 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
The picture-book is well worth reading．（＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．）
2. 动词不定式的被动形式：当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式。
作主语：
It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here.
作宾语：
She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.
构成复合宾语：
He wanted the letter to be typed at once.
She didn’t like herself to be praised like that.
构成复合谓语：
The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.
作定语：
Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers’ office?
作状语：
She was too young to be assigned such work.
不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等：
It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.（主语）
She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (宾语)）
He thought it an honor to have been invited to the party. （复合宾语）
The book is said to have been translated into many languages. （复合谓语）
She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. （定语）
3.不定式的主动形式表示被动
在there be结构中：
There is a lot of homework to do (to be done). There is no time to lose (to be lost).
在“n／pron + be + ad.j + to do”结构中作方式状语。
He is hard to convince.
He is an impossible person to work with．
在“too...to do; enough…to…”结构中：
The problem is too difficult to work out (to be worked out)．
The house is big enough to live in.
在“with+n.+to do”结构中。
With nothing to do，he lay in bed． With so many exercises to do, I can’t go to the cinema．
当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。
I have a letter to type today. (I是to type的逻辑主语) Do you have anything to say? (you是to say的逻辑主语)
当不定式隐含在for sb to do结构中时。
This is the best book to read (=for us／you to read). The important thing to do is to lock the door when we leave the house.
5. rent, blame, let等用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
Who is to blame for starting the fire?
“get+过去分词”可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。
She got married last week.
The patient got treated once a week．
He fell off the car and got killed．
There was a fight at the pub, but fortunately nobody got (=was) hurt.
被动表示主动意义
be seated, be located, be situated, be dressed等用被动形式表达主动意义。
Please be seated.
Our school is located at the foot of the mountain
被动语态与系表结构的区别
当“be+过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：
1. 如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。
The glass is broken． （系表结构）
The glass was broken by the boy． （被动语态）
2. 如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。
The door is locked． （系表结构）
The door has already/just been locked．（被动语态）
3. 被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。
The machine is being repaired．
易错的动词/词组 【 方芳——被动语态】
下列词只能用主动语态：marry, lack, belong to, take place(发生)，happen(发生)，come about(发生)，break out(爆发)，appear(出现)，disappear(消失)，last(持续), run out（用光）
The young man lacks experience.
He is lacking in courage.
The hall holds 1000 people.
A fire broke out during the night.
The meeting lasted (for) two hours.
在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后，-ing 形式可以表被动。
The plants want watering/to be watered every day.
This wall requires painting.
The car needs repairing.
不是所有被动的词组都表被动。
be determined, be prepared, be graduated, be occupied, get married, be seated, be drunk, be dressed等表示主动的含义。?
He is graduated from a famous university.
He is fully occupied by everyday work.
巩固练习
一、单项选择
1. The president _____ a cool reception when he visited London.
A. gave B. was given C. had given D. had been given
2. A red sky in the morning _____ to be a sign of bad weather.
A. says B. is saying C. has said D. is said
3 If you go there alone after dark you might get _____.
A. attacked and robbed B. attacking and robbing
B. to attack and rob D. to be attacked and robbed
4. What I wanted to know was when and where the meeting ______.
A. was holding B. had held C. was to hold D. was to be held
5. New medicines and instruments ______ every day to extend life.
A. develop B. are being developed
C. are developing D. have developed
6. I’ll come after the meeting if time ______.
A. permits B. is permitting C. is permitted D. has permitted
7. The students _____ ￡50 a year to cover the cost of books and stationery.
A. give B. are given C. have given D. to give
8. With the development of science, more new technology _______ to the fields of IT.
A. has introduced B. is being introduced
C. is introduced D. was introduced
9. “How about the dishes, Dear?”“The beef didn’t taste very good. It ______ too long.”
A. cooked B. had been cooked C. was cooked D. had cooked
10. He kept a little notebook, in which ______ the names and addresses of his friends.
A. wrote B. was writing C. was written D. were written
11. “Look! Everything here is under construction.” “What is the small building that ______for?”
A. is being building B. has been built
C. is built D. is being built
12. Hundreds of jobs _______ if the factory closes.
A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose
13. It ______that there was a car over there.
A. so happened B. so happens C. is so happened D. was so happened
二、完形填空
(2019届湖北省黄冈中学等八校高三第二次模拟考试)
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In my class, there was a really weak-looking guy. I don’t 1 know if his name was Vit or Wit. I will 2 him as Wit in this story of mine. He was a pale, thin guy. Not only his build(体格) looked weak, the way he 3 was also weak. He walked slowly but he tried to stay off of everyone’s way. The friends in my class, Jean and Ingrid, would 4 him. Truth to be told, I 5 them as well. We did things like taking his stuff（东西）, like his pens and pencils, and 6 them somewhere in the school.
Wit was also really 7 of insects, even butterfly. Jean, Ingrid, and I often put beetle(甲虫) on his clothes and he would run around, trying to 8 it off. There were many beetles in the school so that was the 4 insect we used to scare him with. Other insects such as butterfly were hard to 10 so we pretty much gave up on it. We would often take the 11 when Wit was off-guard and put the insects on him. 2 it was on him, he would run around or jump about. He was too scared to 13 it and pull it off.
Suddenly one day, we were 14 by the school. When I walked into the room, Wit’s mother, as well as Ingrid’s mother, Jean’s father, and mine were 15 in the room silently. Wit’s mother said that Wit went home and 16 the sandbag shouting “Jean!!! Ingrid!!! Archer!!!” 17 every day. I wanted to laugh but didn’t with all the 18 she was putting on us. She asked many things, including things I had no idea about such as “Who put Wit’s bag in the girl toilet?” Apparently, it was Jean who did it. Jean seemed to have bullied Wit quite a lot and got quite a(n) 19 from Wit’s and her own mother.
I think it should have been quite guilty for 20 to see us scolded by the parents. However , we decided to stop bullying Wit and be friendly to him.
1. A. briefly B. abruptly C. actually D. constantly
2. A. think of B. focus on C. laugh at D. refer to
3. A. acted B. operated C. attacked D. responded
4. A. get close to B. look up to C. get tired of D. make fun of
5. A. betrayed B. joined C. teased D. rejected
6. A. hid B. distributed C. threw D. preserved
7. A. fond B. scared C. cautious D. ashamed
8. A. see B. set C. shake D. take
4. A. only B. acute C. main D. rare
10. A. find B. recognize C. raise D. capture
11. A. chance B. risk C. trouble D. order
12. A. While B. sighing C. sitting D. weeping
16. A. carried B. threw C. filled D. hit
17. A. nearly B. hardly C. merely D. approximately
18. A. burden B. pressure C. duty D. doubt
19. A. forgiving B. understanding C. praising D. scolding
20. A. Ingrid B. Jean C. Wit D. Mother
三、阅读理解
阅读下面短文，从题中所给的四个选项（A, B, C和D）中选择正确的答案。
A
(2019届湖北省黄冈中学等八校高三第二次模拟考试)
A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men.
A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change. It is the most patient and cheerful of companions. It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity（逆境）or distress. It always receives us with the same kindness; amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age.
Men often discover their affinity (密切关系) to each other by the mutual love they have for a book just as two persons sometimes discover a friend by the admiration which both entertain for a third. There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog.” But there is more wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.” The book is a truer and higher bond of union. Men can think, feel, and sympathize with each other through their favorite author. They live in him together, and he in them.
A good book is often the best urn(瓮) of a life enshrining the best that life could think out; for the world of a man’s life is, for the most part, but the world of his thoughts. Thus the best books are treasuries of good words, the golden thoughts, which, if remembered and cherished, become our constant companions and comforters.
Books possess an essence of immortality. They are by far the most lasting products of human effort.
Temples and statues decay(腐烂), but books survive. Time is of no account with great thoughts, which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their author’s minds, ages ago. What was then said and thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed page. The only effects of time have been to filter out the bad products; for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good.
1. A good book may be among the best of friends because_____.
A. it changes over the past of time
B. it contains all kinds of knowledge
C. it doesn’t betray us when we are in trouble
D. it comforts us in youth and instructs us in age
2. “Love me, love my book” in paragraph 3 probably means _______?
A. If you love me, you must reading books.
B. The book can be a bond between friends.
C. I love books as much I love friends.
D. If you love the author, you will love his books.
3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Time can tell whether a literature is good or bad.
B. All books are our constant companions and comforters.
C. Temples, statues and books cannot stand the test of time.
D. The world of a man’s thoughts is what his life is all about.
4. The best title for this passage can be .
A. Reading Books B. A Good Book
C. Our Best Friend D. Companionship of Books
B
We all know that certain oils are healthier than others，but your oil health goes beyond just the type. The health of your oil can be related to how you use it too.
Each type of oil has what is called a “smoke point”. The smoke point is the specific temperature at which the oil starts to break down, or in more technical terms, its molecular structure begins to change. These molecular changes result in changes in flavor，as well as changes in nutritional value—specifically, the nutritional value of the oil starts to reduce, changing what once may have been considered an especially healthy oil, like olive, into one that is unhealthy.
The higher an oil’s smoke point is, the higher the temperature of the oil can be. As a result, each type of oil should be used for the cooking method that is most appropriate to its individual smoke point and heat tolerance. Here is a quick guide for the next time you reach for your favorite oil.
Heat During Cooking
Oil
Best Use
Low to
Moderate
Coconut
Baking (low heat)Light Sauting Pressure
Cooking Salads
Corn
Olive
Peanut
Sesame
Walnut
Medium Heat
Macadamia Nut
Baking
Sauting
Stir-Frying
Safflower
High Heat
Grape-seed
Deep Browning
Deep-Frying
Sunflower
Soybean/Soy
Note that the above table represents oils that are refined (精炼的). Most oils we buy are refined. Refined oils tend to have much higher smoke points than when they are unrefined. They also differ in nutrition and flavor. Unrefined oils are more nutritious and they tend to be much richer in flavor.
When it comes to extremely high heat cooking, always choose oils which are refined.
5. What determines whether an oil is healthy or not?
A. Whether it’s refined or not. B. Its smoke point.
C. Its molecule. D. How you use it.
6. Which of the following might be a better choice to make a healthy salad?
A. Refined walnut oil. B. Safflower oil.
C. Unrefined olive oil. D. Sunflower oil.
7. Healthy oil can become unhealthy if________ according to the passage.
A. you keep it for too long
B. it is heated well beyond its smoke point
C. it is refined
D. its flavor is changed
四、短文改错
下面短文中共有10处错误，错误涉及一个词的增加、删除或修改。注意每处错误及其修改均仅限一次。
One day a child was playing with a vase in great value. He careless put his hand into it. Hard as he tried, he could not pull it out. His father tried his best, too，but their efforts were in a vain. They were thinking of breaking the vase whenever the father said，“Now，my son，why have one more try? Open your hand or hold your fingers out straight as you saw I doing，and then pull.” To his surprise，the child says，“I can’t hold my fingers straight like that，because I don’t want to drop my penny.” Thousand of us sometimes are so busy hold on to the world’s worthless penny that we cannot achieve liberation.
五、语法填空
（1）
It is often said _1_ Tibetans can sing before they can speak. They are especially fond of singing and dancing. Tibetans need little excuse to sing or dance. Most of their festivals are all about singing and dancing. Each spring after all of the fields have been plowed, they celebrate the Guozhuang Festival. This festival is a chance _2_ all the locals to get together and sing and dance together. It is very popular, especially amongst Tibetans _3_ (live) in the southern areas of Tibet. The person _4_ is considered _5_ (be) the _6_ (good) singer and dancer is rewarded with a pot of the local Chang alcohol. Another popular festival is the Wangguo Festival. It _7_ (hold) just _8_ the autumn harvest. This festival lasts from three to five days. People wear their best clothing, create colorful prayer flags. They sing and dance, beat drums and gongs, _9_ walk around their fields to express their hope for a bumper crop. Another feature of this festival is horse racing. After the festival _10_ (end), the harvesting begins.
(2)
Sinosauropteryx, a turkey-size carnivorous dinosaur, is the first dinosaur—excluding birds, which many paleontologists consider _1_ (be) dinosaurs — to have _2_ color scientifically established.
_3_ 1996, Sinosauropteryx was also the first dinosaur reported to have feathers. It _4_(find) in the Yixian formation, 130- to 123-million-year-old sediments in Liaoning Province in northeast China, _5_ have since produced _6_(thousand) of apparently feathery fossils.
In a report _7_ (release) online today by the journal Nature, an international team of paleontologists and experts in scanning electron micrography infer _8_ this dinosaur had reddish orange feathers running along its back and a striped tail.
Why would a dinosaur need _9_ striped tail? Many birds, the living descendants of non-avian dinosaurs, use _10_ (bright) colored tails for courtship displays.
六、书面表达
你在网络上读到一篇关于“九零后”的英语文章，你打算以“Post-90’s Generation”为题，用第一人称给《二十一世纪英文报》写一篇文章，内容包括：
“九零后”的缺点
“九零后”的优点
你自己的感受
1. 依赖性强；
2. 自私；
3. 贪图过舒适的生活等
1. 渴望了解周围的世界；
2. 思想独立；
3. 有很多新观念等
注意：1.必须包括表格中的所有内容；2.为了使文章通顺完整，可以适当增加内容；3.词数：120左右。
Post-90’s Generation
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案与解析
一、单项选择
1. 选B。一方面语意要求被动语态，另一方面从句时态暗示主句应用一般过去时。
2. 选D。此句也可说成 It is said that a red sky in the morning is a sign of bad weather.
3. 选A。“get + 过去分词”表被动。
4. 选D。从逻辑上说，“会议”应是被开，故用被动式。
5. 选B。从语境上看，develop不仅要用被动语态，而且要用进行时态。
6. 选A。该用法中的 permit 为不及物动词，不用被动语态。其中if time permits也可换成 time permitting。
7. 选B。谓语为give sb sth 结构的被动语态形式。
8. 选B。技术应该是“被”引进，故用被动语态；根据语境句子应用现在进行时。
9. 选B。从句意上看，“牛肉”应该是“被”煮，故句子要用被动语态；从时间上看，由于句中有didn’t taste very good，所以“煮得太久”应该在这一过去时间之前，故用过去完成时。
10. 选D。in which were written the names and addresses…为倒装句式，其正常表达为the names and addresses of his friends were written in the notebook。
11. 选D。因为 building应该是“被建”，故用被动语态；再根据前文的 look, under construction 等信息词可知，此处应用现在进行时态。
12. 选B。jobs与lose应为被动关系，故用被动语态；再根据条件状语从句中的一般现在时可知主句以用一般将来时为宜。
13. A。happen是不及物动词，无被动语态。
二、完形填空
文章主要讲述了一名叫Wit的男孩在学校经常受到作者、Jean和Ingrid的戏弄和欺负。直到有一天，戏弄Wit的三名同学的父母被叫到学校后，作者才意识到，以前他们的所作所为是不对的，应该友好地对待Wit。
1. C。“事实上”作者并不知道他叫“Vit”还是“Wit”。
2. D。“refer to…as…”：把他称作。
3. A。根据下文“walked…”这一句,所以选择“acted”。
4. D。本段最后一句这几个孩子的所作所为表明他们“捉弄” Wit。
5. B。我也是捉弄他的同学之一，注意下一句的“we”。
6. A。把他的东西“藏”在某些地方。
7. B。根据下文的描述，他很“害怕”虫子。
8. C。不敢用手取下来，只好到处跑、跳，把虫子“抖”下来。
4. C。这句话中的many beetles，提示是“主要的”。
10. D。蝴蝶不易被“捕获”。
11. A。当他没有防备的时候，我们就抓住机会（把虫子放在他身上）。
12. C。 Once，“一……就……”
13. B。 touch and pull, 呼应上文提到的不敢碰虫子。
14. B。被校方“请去”。
15. C。注意看完全句“silently”，家长们要解决的是孩子被捉弄的事，气氛严肃。
16. D。“击打”沙袋发泄。
17. A。“几乎”每天如此。
18. B。根据下文Wit家长连续发问She asked many things，给了我们“压力”，我觉得好笑但不敢笑。
19. D。She asked many things, 对“many things”举例。
20. C。上下文逻辑关系：转折。
三、阅读理解
本文主要把书籍喻为朋友，告诫我们要时刻与书为伴。
1.C。细节理解题 根据第二段中“It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity or distress.”可知选择C项。
2. B。句意猜测题 依据第三段“Men often discover their affinity(密切关系) to each other by the mutual love they have for a book…”及“The book is a truer and higher bond of union.”可知句意是书籍是朋友间感情的纽带，故选B。
3. A。细节理解题 依据第五段中“The only effects of time have been to filter out the bad products; for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good.”可知A正确，根据四、五段可依次排除BCD项。
4. D。标题确定题 本文将书籍比喻为朋友，告诫我们要时刻与书为伴，故最佳标题为D。
5. D。从文章第一段中的“The health of your oil can be related to how you use it too”可知，只有正确使用油，才能保证油品的健康，所以选D项。
6. C。从倒数第二段我们可以知道，未精炼油比精炼油更营养，味道更好，排除A项，从表格可知作salad最好用橄榄油等，而不是藏红花油和葵花子油，排除B和D项，故选C项。
7. B。从文章第二段内容可知，如果油烧得过热，过了它的发烟点(smoke point)，油分子会发生变化，从而引起味道的变化，同时营养价值也会减少，健康的油也将变得不健康。
四、短文改错
One day a child was playing with a vase great value. He put his hand into it. Hard as he tried, he could not pull it out. His father tried his best, too，but their efforts were in a vain. They were thinking of breaking the vase the father said，“Now，my son，why have one more try? Open your hand hold your fingers out straight as you saw doing，and then pull.” To his surprise，the child ，“I can’t hold my fingers straight like that，because I don’t want to drop my penny.”
of us sometimes are so busy on to the world’s worthless penny that we cannot achieve liberation.
五、语法填空
（1）1. that 2. for 3. living 4. who/that 5. to be 6. best 7. is held 8. before 9. and 10. ends
(2) 1. to be 2. its 3. In 4. was found 5. which 6. thousands 7. released 8. that 9. a 10. brightly
六、书面表达
Post-90’s Generation
We, post-90’s generation, are living in a society full of fierce competition, and developing our special manners and values, which has raised people’s concern.
It’s true that the post-90’s generation have some weaknesses. Some of us, for example, rely on our parents too much and tend to live comfortable lives. Some are even selfish and care little for others.
At the same time, the post-90’s generation desire to learn more about the world around us, and we are independent in thinking. We always keep up with modern science and technology and have many new ideas.
I think the post-90’s generation should carry forward our strong points and overcome the weaknesses, and try to tell the world that we are a hopeful generation.
真题再现：
1.（2019安徽模拟）It is reported that a space station ______ on the moon in years to come.
A. will be building B. will he built C. has been building D. has been built
2.（2019重庆模拟）In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat____ cut.
A. will have been B. will be C. was D. has been
3.（2019天津模拟）Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement______ so far by the two sides.
A. has been reached B. was reached
C. will reach D. will have reached
4.（2019四川模拟）More expressways _______ in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
A. are being built B. will be built C. have been built D. had been built
5.（2019湖南模拟）I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but_______ thankfully by the shop window.
A. am held back B. held back C. hold back D. was held back
6.（2019福建模拟）To my delight, I___________ from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
A. was chosen B. was being chosen C. would choose D. had chosen
7.（2019北京模拟）—Did you enjoy the party?
—Yes. We _____well by our hosts.
A. were treated B. would be treated C. treated D. had treated
8. Experiments of this kind _____ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.
A. have conducted B. have been conducted
C. had conducted D. had been conducted
9. —I didn’t ask for the name list. Why _____ on my desk?
—I put it there just now in case you needed it.
A. does it land B. has it landed C. will it land D. had it landed
10. After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team _____ four days later.
A. rescued B. was rescued C. has rescued D. had been rescued
答案与解析
1. B。本题考查的是将来时态被动的用法，句意为：据报道，在将来的几年里，一个太空站将会在月球上建立。
2. D。句意：在我的家乡，农民们在收完麦子之后都会吃一顿丰收晚餐。整个句子描述的是常态，主句是一般现在时，从句用一般现在时或现在完成时。麦子是“被收获”，故D正确。
3. A。句意：尽管之前多轮谈判，但到目前为止双方没有达成任何协议。根据句中的时间状语so far“到目前为止”可知用现在完成时。主语agreement与reach为被动关系，故选A。
4. B。从soon可以看出应该是将来的事，选择将来时的被动语态。句意：在四川，更多的高速路将很快被建成，用以提升当地经济。
5. A。句意：我有一种强烈的愿望进去跟玩那个玩具，但是多亏被橱窗阻止了。But连接两个并列的谓语，并且第二个动作是“被阻止”，用被动语态，根据前一句的时态had排除选项A。
6. A。根据句意：让我高兴的是，我从成百上千的参加者中被选中参加开幕式。可以知道应该是被动语态，又因为被选中是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去式，故选A。
7. A。问句中的时态为过去时，问的是过去的情况，答语中“被好好款待”也应该是过去的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态。
8. D。experiment和conduct之间为被动关系，故排除A项和C项。conduct这一动作发生在第二次世界大战之前，即“过去的过去”。
9. B。根据句意可知名单现在在桌子上，故用现在时，排除C，D项；句中强调land这一动作对现在产生的结果或影响，用现在完成时。
10. B。根据句意，member和rescue之间为被动关系，排除A，C项；另外rescue并不是发生在get lost之前，只是陈述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时。
知识讲解：
被动语态的使用场合
1.语义的需要：不知道或者没必要指出动作的执行者。
They are poorly paid.（没必要指出谁付工资）
2.强调的需要：突出动作的承受者。
The schedule has been changed. (突出时间表)
3.礼貌的需要：避免说出动作的执行者。
Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. (避免说出“我们禁止”)
4.句式的需要：有些表达习惯上用被动语态。
He is said to be a billionaire.
被动语态的基本时态变化
被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。
一般现在时：am/is/are +done (过去分词)
English is widely used in the world.
现在完成时：has /have been done
All those flowers have been watered.
现在进行时：am/is /are being done
The blackboard is being painted now.
一般过去时：was/were done
We were asked to help them.
过去完成时：had been done
The building had been completed before I arrived.
过去进行时：was/were being done
The university was being built when I saw last time.
一般将来时：shall/will be done
A class meeting will be held next Monday.
过去将来时：should/would be done
She said the book would be delivered soon.
将来完成时：shall/will have been done
I will have finished my high school this time next year.
被动语态的特殊结构形式
1.含情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
The books may be kept for two weeks.
What’s done cannot be undone.
2. 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
Many books were given to the children at the school.
Ann wasn’t offered the job.
3. 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不变。
He was seen sitting there without doing anything.
4. 在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。
The poor children were made to work 12 hours a day.
She is made to clean the floor.
5. 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。在被动结构中，切不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
Bad habits have been done away with．
The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible．
使用被动语态的场合
1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。
Printing was introduced to Europe from China.
2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。
Health is valued above everything.
3. 为了更好地安排句子。
We were shocked by the bad news.
“It is said/thought/believed that...”及类似句型
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。有：
It is said that… 据说……
It is reported that… 据报道……
It is believed that… 大家相信……
It is hoped that… 大家希望……
It is well known that… 众所周知……
It is thought that… 大家认为……
It is suggested that… 据建议……
Somebody/ something be supposed to do... 被期望……；应该
It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.
The boy is said to have passed the national exam.
I’m supposed to be meeting Tom at 8:15.
主动表被动的若干情形
1. 某些连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动，因为连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式。
That dog looks dangerous.
My advice proved to be wrong.
2.?当open, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
The door won’t shut(关不上).
The window won’t lock（锁不上）.
注：该用法的不及物动词通常与can’t, won’t?等连用，注意它与用被动语态含义不同：
The window won’t shut.(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了)
The window won’t be shut. (窗户本身没问题，只是不用关上)
3. 当read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用。
The cloth washes well. （好洗）
His book doesn’t sell well.（不好销）
This shirt will wear very long.（耐穿）。
The parcel carries easily.（好搬运）
4. 某些表示开始和结束的动词(begin, start, finish, end等)，当主语为事物且不强调动作的执行者时，可用主动语态表示被动意义。
School begins in September.
When does the concert begin?
5.?有的动词本身含有被动意味，通常用主动形式来表示被动含义。
My skirt caught on a nail.
The plan worked out successfully.
6.不定式to blame, to let用作表语时，通常要用主动表被动。
Who is to blame?
The house is to let.
7. 某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。
The poem is not easy to understand.
Your writing is impossible to read.
注：这类结构的特点是句子主语就是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，按理说其中的不定式要用被动形式，但习惯上却要用主动表被动。这类形容词常见的有awkward, convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe, tough, tricky, unpleasant 等。
8. be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动。
This might be worth thinking about.
9. 在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义。
The plants want watering every day.
He needs operating on at once.= He needs to be operated on at once.
非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
1. 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
The picture-book is well worth reading．（＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．）
2. 动词不定式的被动形式：当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式。
作主语：
It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here.
作宾语：
She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.
构成复合宾语：
He wanted the letter to be typed at once.
She didn’t like herself to be praised like that.
构成复合谓语：
The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.
作定语：
Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers’ office?
作状语：
She was too young to be assigned such work.
不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等：
It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.（主语）
She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (宾语)）
He thought it an honor to have been invited to the party. （复合宾语）
The book is said to have been translated into many languages. （复合谓语）
She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. （定语）
3.不定式的主动形式表示被动
在there be结构中：
There is a lot of homework to do (to be done). There is no time to lose (to be lost).
在“n／pron + be + ad.j + to do”结构中作方式状语。
He is hard to convince.
He is an impossible person to work with．
在“too...to do; enough…to…”结构中：
The problem is too difficult to work out (to be worked out)．
The house is big enough to live in.
在“with+n.+to do”结构中。
With nothing to do，he lay in bed． With so many exercises to do, I can’t go to the cinema．
当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。
I have a letter to type today. (I是to type的逻辑主语) Do you have anything to say? (you是to say的逻辑主语)
当不定式隐含在for sb to do结构中时。
This is the best book to read (=for us／you to read). The important thing to do is to lock the door when we leave the house.
5. rent, blame, let等用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
Who is to blame for starting the fire?
“get+过去分词”可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。
She got married last week.
The patient got treated once a week．
He fell off the car and got killed．
There was a fight at the pub, but fortunately nobody got (=was) hurt.
被动表示主动意义
be seated, be located, be situated, be dressed等用被动形式表达主动意义。
Please be seated.
Our school is located at the foot of the mountain
被动语态与系表结构的区别
当“be+过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：
1. 如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。
The glass is broken． （系表结构）
The glass was broken by the boy． （被动语态）
2. 如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。
The door is locked． （系表结构）
The door has already/just been locked．（被动语态）
3. 被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。
The machine is being repaired．
易错的动词/词组 【 方芳——被动语态】
下列词只能用主动语态：marry, lack, belong to, take place(发生)，happen(发生)，come about(发生)，break out(爆发)，appear(出现)，disappear(消失)，last(持续), run out（用光）
The young man lacks experience.
He is lacking in courage.
The hall holds 1000 people.
A fire broke out during the night.
The meeting lasted (for) two hours.
在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后，-ing 形式可以表被动。
The plants want watering/to be watered every day.
This wall requires painting.
The car needs repairing.
不是所有被动的词组都表被动。
be determined, be prepared, be graduated, be occupied, get married, be seated, be drunk, be dressed等表示主动的含义。?
He is graduated from a famous university.
He is fully occupied by everyday work.
巩固练习
一、单项选择
1. The president _____ a cool reception when he visited London.
A. gave B. was given C. had given D. had been given
2. A red sky in the morning _____ to be a sign of bad weather.
A. says B. is saying C. has said D. is said
3 If you go there alone after dark you might get _____.
A. attacked and robbed B. attacking and robbing
B. to attack and rob D. to be attacked and robbed
4. What I wanted to know was when and where the meeting ______.
A. was holding B. had held C. was to hold D. was to be held
5. New medicines and instruments ______ every day to extend life.
A. develop B. are being developed
C. are developing D. have developed
6. I’ll come after the meeting if time ______.
A. permits B. is permitting C. is permitted D. has permitted
7. The students _____ ￡50 a year to cover the cost of books and stationery.
A. give B. are given C. have given D. to give
8. With the development of science, more new technology _______ to the fields of IT.
A. has introduced B. is being introduced
C. is introduced D. was introduced
9. “How about the dishes, Dear?”“The beef didn’t taste very good. It ______ too long.”
A. cooked B. had been cooked C. was cooked D. had cooked
10. He kept a little notebook, in which ______ the names and addresses of his friends.
A. wrote B. was writing C. was written D. were written
11. “Look! Everything here is under construction.” “What is the small building that ______for?”
A. is being building B. has been built
C. is built D. is being built
12. Hundreds of jobs _______ if the factory closes.
A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose
13. It ______that there was a car over there.
A. so happened B. so happens C. is so happened D. was so happened
二、完形填空
(2019届湖北省黄冈中学等八校高三第二次模拟考试)
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In my class, there was a really weak-looking guy. I don’t 1 know if his name was Vit or Wit. I will 2 him as Wit in this story of mine. He was a pale, thin guy. Not only his build(体格) looked weak, the way he 3 was also weak. He walked slowly but he tried to stay off of everyone’s way. The friends in my class, Jean and Ingrid, would 4 him. Truth to be told, I 5 them as well. We did things like taking his stuff（东西）, like his pens and pencils, and 6 them somewhere in the school.
Wit was also really 7 of insects, even butterfly. Jean, Ingrid, and I often put beetle(甲虫) on his clothes and he would run around, trying to 8 it off. There were many beetles in the school so that was the 4 insect we used to scare him with. Other insects such as butterfly were hard to 10 so we pretty much gave up on it. We would often take the 11 when Wit was off-guard and put the insects on him. 2 it was on him, he would run around or jump about. He was too scared to 13 it and pull it off.
Suddenly one day, we were 14 by the school. When I walked into the room, Wit’s mother, as well as Ingrid’s mother, Jean’s father, and mine were 15 in the room silently. Wit’s mother said that Wit went home and 16 the sandbag shouting “Jean!!! Ingrid!!! Archer!!!” 17 every day. I wanted to laugh but didn’t with all the 18 she was putting on us. She asked many things, including things I had no idea about such as “Who put Wit’s bag in the girl toilet?” Apparently, it was Jean who did it. Jean seemed to have bullied Wit quite a lot and got quite a(n) 19 from Wit’s and her own mother.
I think it should have been quite guilty for 20 to see us scolded by the parents. However , we decided to stop bullying Wit and be friendly to him.
1. A. briefly B. abruptly C. actually D. constantly
2. A. think of B. focus on C. laugh at D. refer to
3. A. acted B. operated C. attacked D. responded
4. A. get close to B. look up to C. get tired of D. make fun of
5. A. betrayed B. joined C. teased D. rejected
6. A. hid B. distributed C. threw D. preserved
7. A. fond B. scared C. cautious D. ashamed
8. A. see B. set C. shake D. take
4. A. only B. acute C. main D. rare
10. A. find B. recognize C. raise D. capture
11. A. chance B. risk C. trouble D. order
12. A. While B. sighing C. sitting D. weeping
16. A. carried B. threw C. filled D. hit
17. A. nearly B. hardly C. merely D. approximately
18. A. burden B. pressure C. duty D. doubt
19. A. forgiving B. understanding C. praising D. scolding
20. A. Ingrid B. Jean C. Wit D. Mother
三、阅读理解
阅读下面短文，从题中所给的四个选项（A, B, C和D）中选择正确的答案。
A
(2019届湖北省黄冈中学等八校高三第二次模拟考试)
A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men.
A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change. It is the most patient and cheerful of companions. It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity（逆境）or distress. It always receives us with the same kindness; amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age.
Men often discover their affinity (密切关系) to each other by the mutual love they have for a book just as two persons sometimes discover a friend by the admiration which both entertain for a third. There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog.” But there is more wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.” The book is a truer and higher bond of union. Men can think, feel, and sympathize with each other through their favorite author. They live in him together, and he in them.
A good book is often the best urn(瓮) of a life enshrining the best that life could think out; for the world of a man’s life is, for the most part, but the world of his thoughts. Thus the best books are treasuries of good words, the golden thoughts, which, if remembered and cherished, become our constant companions and comforters.
Books possess an essence of immortality. They are by far the most lasting products of human effort.
Temples and statues decay(腐烂), but books survive. Time is of no account with great thoughts, which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their author’s minds, ages ago. What was then said and thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed page. The only effects of time have been to filter out the bad products; for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good.
1. A good book may be among the best of friends because_____.
A. it changes over the past of time
B. it contains all kinds of knowledge
C. it doesn’t betray us when we are in trouble
D. it comforts us in youth and instructs us in age
2. “Love me, love my book” in paragraph 3 probably means _______?
A. If you love me, you must reading books.
B. The book can be a bond between friends.
C. I love books as much I love friends.
D. If you love the author, you will love his books.
3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Time can tell whether a literature is good or bad.
B. All books are our constant companions and comforters.
C. Temples, statues and books cannot stand the test of time.
D. The world of a man’s thoughts is what his life is all about.
4. The best title for this passage can be .
A. Reading Books B. A Good Book
C. Our Best Friend D. Companionship of Books
B
We all know that certain oils are healthier than others，but your oil health goes beyond just the type. The health of your oil can be related to how you use it too.
Each type of oil has what is called a “smoke point”. The smoke point is the specific temperature at which the oil starts to break down, or in more technical terms, its molecular structure begins to change. These molecular changes result in changes in flavor，as well as changes in nutritional value—specifically, the nutritional value of the oil starts to reduce, changing what once may have been considered an especially healthy oil, like olive, into one that is unhealthy.
The higher an oil’s smoke point is, the higher the temperature of the oil can be. As a result, each type of oil should be used for the cooking method that is most appropriate to its individual smoke point and heat tolerance. Here is a quick guide for the next time you reach for your favorite oil.
Heat During Cooking
Oil
Best Use
Low to
Moderate
Coconut
Baking (low heat)Light Sauting Pressure
Cooking Salads
Corn
Olive
Peanut
Sesame
Walnut
Medium Heat
Macadamia Nut
Baking
Sauting
Stir-Frying
Safflower
High Heat
Grape-seed
Deep Browning
Deep-Frying
Sunflower
Soybean/Soy
Note that the above table represents oils that are refined (精炼的). Most oils we buy are refined. Refined oils tend to have much higher smoke points than when they are unrefined. They also differ in nutrition and flavor. Unrefined oils are more nutritious and they tend to be much richer in flavor.
When it comes to extremely high heat cooking, always choose oils which are refined.
5. What determines whether an oil is healthy or not?
A. Whether it’s refined or not. B. Its smoke point.
C. Its molecule. D. How you use it.
6. Which of the following might be a better choice to make a healthy salad?
A. Refined walnut oil. B. Safflower oil.
C. Unrefined olive oil. D. Sunflower oil.
7. Healthy oil can become unhealthy if________ according to the passage.
A. you keep it for too long
B. it is heated well beyond its smoke point
C. it is refined
D. its flavor is changed
四、短文改错
下面短文中共有10处错误，错误涉及一个词的增加、删除或修改。注意每处错误及其修改均仅限一次。
One day a child was playing with a vase in great value. He careless put his hand into it. Hard as he tried, he could not pull it out. His father tried his best, too，but their efforts were in a vain. They were thinking of breaking the vase whenever the father said，“Now，my son，why have one more try? Open your hand or hold your fingers out straight as you saw I doing，and then pull.” To his surprise，the child says，“I can’t hold my fingers straight like that，because I don’t want to drop my penny.” Thousand of us sometimes are so busy hold on to the world’s worthless penny that we cannot achieve liberation.
五、语法填空
（1）
It is often said _1_ Tibetans can sing before they can speak. They are especially fond of singing and dancing. Tibetans need little excuse to sing or dance. Most of their festivals are all about singing and dancing. Each spring after all of the fields have been plowed, they celebrate the Guozhuang Festival. This festival is a chance _2_ all the locals to get together and sing and dance together. It is very popular, especially amongst Tibetans _3_ (live) in the southern areas of Tibet. The person _4_ is considered _5_ (be) the _6_ (good) singer and dancer is rewarded with a pot of the local Chang alcohol. Another popular festival is the Wangguo Festival. It _7_ (hold) just _8_ the autumn harvest. This festival lasts from three to five days. People wear their best clothing, create colorful prayer flags. They sing and dance, beat drums and gongs, _9_ walk around their fields to express their hope for a bumper crop. Another feature of this festival is horse racing. After the festival _10_ (end), the harvesting begins.
(2)
Sinosauropteryx, a turkey-size carnivorous dinosaur, is the first dinosaur—excluding birds, which many paleontologists consider _1_ (be) dinosaurs — to have _2_ color scientifically established.
_3_ 1996, Sinosauropteryx was also the first dinosaur reported to have feathers. It _4_(find) in the Yixian formation, 130- to 123-million-year-old sediments in Liaoning Province in northeast China, _5_ have since produced _6_(thousand) of apparently feathery fossils.
In a report _7_ (release) online today by the journal Nature, an international team of paleontologists and experts in scanning electron micrography infer _8_ this dinosaur had reddish orange feathers running along its back and a striped tail.
Why would a dinosaur need _9_ striped tail? Many birds, the living descendants of non-avian dinosaurs, use _10_ (bright) colored tails for courtship displays.
六、书面表达
你在网络上读到一篇关于“九零后”的英语文章，你打算以“Post-90’s Generation”为题，用第一人称给《二十一世纪英文报》写一篇文章，内容包括：
“九零后”的缺点
“九零后”的优点
你自己的感受
1. 依赖性强；
2. 自私；
3. 贪图过舒适的生活等
1. 渴望了解周围的世界；
2. 思想独立；
3. 有很多新观念等
注意：1.必须包括表格中的所有内容；2.为了使文章通顺完整，可以适当增加内容；3.词数：120左右。
Post-90’s Generation
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案与解析
一、单项选择
1. 选B。一方面语意要求被动语态，另一方面从句时态暗示主句应用一般过去时。
2. 选D。此句也可说成 It is said that a red sky in the morning is a sign of bad weather.
3. 选A。“get + 过去分词”表被动。
4. 选D。从逻辑上说，“会议”应是被开，故用被动式。
5. 选B。从语境上看，develop不仅要用被动语态，而且要用进行时态。
6. 选A。该用法中的 permit 为不及物动词，不用被动语态。其中if time permits也可换成 time permitting。
7. 选B。谓语为give sb sth 结构的被动语态形式。
8. 选B。技术应该是“被”引进，故用被动语态；根据语境句子应用现在进行时。
9. 选B。从句意上看，“牛肉”应该是“被”煮，故句子要用被动语态；从时间上看，由于句中有didn’t taste very good，所以“煮得太久”应该在这一过去时间之前，故用过去完成时。
10. 选D。in which were written the names and addresses…为倒装句式，其正常表达为the names and addresses of his friends were written in the notebook。
11. 选D。因为 building应该是“被建”，故用被动语态；再根据前文的 look, under construction 等信息词可知，此处应用现在进行时态。
12. 选B。jobs与lose应为被动关系，故用被动语态；再根据条件状语从句中的一般现在时可知主句以用一般将来时为宜。
13. A。happen是不及物动词，无被动语态。
二、完形填空
文章主要讲述了一名叫Wit的男孩在学校经常受到作者、Jean和Ingrid的戏弄和欺负。直到有一天，戏弄Wit的三名同学的父母被叫到学校后，作者才意识到，以前他们的所作所为是不对的，应该友好地对待Wit。
1. C。“事实上”作者并不知道他叫“Vit”还是“Wit”。
2. D。“refer to…as…”：把他称作。
3. A。根据下文“walked…”这一句,所以选择“acted”。
4. D。本段最后一句这几个孩子的所作所为表明他们“捉弄” Wit。
5. B。我也是捉弄他的同学之一，注意下一句的“we”。
6. A。把他的东西“藏”在某些地方。
7. B。根据下文的描述，他很“害怕”虫子。
8. C。不敢用手取下来，只好到处跑、跳，把虫子“抖”下来。
4. C。这句话中的many beetles，提示是“主要的”。
10. D。蝴蝶不易被“捕获”。
11. A。当他没有防备的时候，我们就抓住机会（把虫子放在他身上）。
12. C。 Once，“一……就……”
13. B。 touch and pull, 呼应上文提到的不敢碰虫子。
14. B。被校方“请去”。
15. C。注意看完全句“silently”，家长们要解决的是孩子被捉弄的事，气氛严肃。
16. D。“击打”沙袋发泄。
17. A。“几乎”每天如此。
18. B。根据下文Wit家长连续发问She asked many things，给了我们“压力”，我觉得好笑但不敢笑。
19. D。She asked many things, 对“many things”举例。
20. C。上下文逻辑关系：转折。
三、阅读理解
本文主要把书籍喻为朋友，告诫我们要时刻与书为伴。
1.C。细节理解题 根据第二段中“It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity or distress.”可知选择C项。
2. B。句意猜测题 依据第三段“Men often discover their affinity(密切关系) to each other by the mutual love they have for a book…”及“The book is a truer and higher bond of union.”可知句意是书籍是朋友间感情的纽带，故选B。
3. A。细节理解题 依据第五段中“The only effects of time have been to filter out the bad products; for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good.”可知A正确，根据四、五段可依次排除BCD项。
4. D。标题确定题 本文将书籍比喻为朋友，告诫我们要时刻与书为伴，故最佳标题为D。
5. D。从文章第一段中的“The health of your oil can be related to how you use it too”可知，只有正确使用油，才能保证油品的健康，所以选D项。
6. C。从倒数第二段我们可以知道，未精炼油比精炼油更营养，味道更好，排除A项，从表格可知作salad最好用橄榄油等，而不是藏红花油和葵花子油，排除B和D项，故选C项。
7. B。从文章第二段内容可知，如果油烧得过热，过了它的发烟点(smoke point)，油分子会发生变化，从而引起味道的变化，同时营养价值也会减少，健康的油也将变得不健康。
四、短文改错
One day a child was playing with a vase great value. He put his hand into it. Hard as he tried, he could not pull it out. His father tried his best, too，but their efforts were in a vain. They were thinking of breaking the vase the father said，“Now，my son，why have one more try? Open your hand hold your fingers out straight as you saw doing，and then pull.” To his surprise，the child ，“I can’t hold my fingers straight like that，because I don’t want to drop my penny.”
of us sometimes are so busy on to the world’s worthless penny that we cannot achieve liberation.
五、语法填空
（1）1. that 2. for 3. living 4. who/that 5. to be 6. best 7. is held 8. before 9. and 10. ends
(2) 1. to be 2. its 3. In 4. was found 5. which 6. thousands 7. released 8. that 9. a 10. brightly
六、书面表达
Post-90’s Generation
We, post-90’s generation, are living in a society full of fierce competition, and developing our special manners and values, which has raised people’s concern.
It’s true that the post-90’s generation have some weaknesses. Some of us, for example, rely on our parents too much and tend to live comfortable lives. Some are even selfish and care little for others.
At the same time, the post-90’s generation desire to learn more about the world around us, and we are independent in thinking. We always keep up with modern science and technology and have many new ideas.
I think the post-90’s generation should carry forward our strong points and overcome the weaknesses, and try to tell the world that we are a hopeful generation.