北师大版高中英语高考总复习：33总复习：句子成分及基本类型
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高考总复习：句子成分及基本类型
真题再现
1. We live in an age ______ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which
2. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _______ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.
A. which B. who C. where D. what
3. As many five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ______ suits you best.
A whatever B. whichever C. whenever D. wherever
4. It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.
A. how B. which C. that D. what
5. There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _______________?
A. is there B. isn't there C. is he D. isn't he
6. Before you quit your job, ______how your family would feel about your decision.
A. consider B. considering C. to consider D. considered
答案与解析：
1. B。分析从句成分，“主系表”结构完整，when只能代替先行词(at) an age在从句中做时间状语，修饰先行词an age（时代）。此处的when=at which。
2. B。在非限制性定语从句中缺主语， 只能用关系代词who代替先行词people在从句中作主语。
3. B。所填词引导的从句做动词choose的宾语，引导词在从句中做主语，意思是“无论哪件”，选B。C、D选项只能在句中作状语， 题干中已有“five courses”，排除A项。
4. D。此处it是形式主语，what引导的是主语从句，作真正的主语。What作do的宾语。句意：总统采取什么行动结束这次罢工一点也不清楚。
5. A。根据前面there be 句里含有否定意义的词little，所以反意疑问句用肯定形式，其主谓应与陈述部分的主谓保持一致，故选A项。
6. A。结合选项来分析句子结构，逗号前为时间状语从句，后面实际上是一个祈使句，缺少谓语。由此可知，A选项符合题意。
知识讲解
句子成分的定义
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
主语
表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。
Walls have ears. 隔墙有耳。（名词做主语）
He will take you to the hospital. 他会带你去医院。（代词做主语）
Three plus four is seven. 三加四等于七。（数词做主语）
To see is to believe. 眼见为实。（动词不定式做主语）
Smoking is not allowed in public places. 公共场所不允许吸烟。（动名词做主语）
Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 他们来不来取决于天气。（从句做主语）
谓语
说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。
He practices running every morning.
The plane took off at ten o’clock.
复合谓语：
由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
You may keep the book for two weeks.
He has caught a bad cold.
由系动词加表语构成。
We are students.
注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。
表语
表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，位于连系动词之后，与连系动词一起构成句子的谓语。
Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）
Is it yours? （代词）
The weather has turned cold.（形容词）
The speech is exciting.（分词）
Three times seven is twenty-one? （数词）
His job is to teach English.（不定式）
His hobby is playing football.（动名词）
The meeting is of great importance.（介词短语）
Time is up. The class is over.（副词）
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
注意：系动词用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。
状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词。
He is a teacher.
持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand.
He always kept silent at meeting.?
表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look.
He seems (to be) very sad.??
感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run
The rumor proved false.
His plan turned out a success.??
宾语
宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
She covered her face with her hands. 她用双手蒙住脸。（名词短语作宾语）
We haven't seen her for a long time. 我们好长时间没看到她了。（代词作宾语）
Do you mind opening the window? 打开窗户你介意吗？（动名词短语作宾语）
Give me four please. 请给我四个。（数词作宾语）
He wants to dream a nice dream. 他想做一个好梦。（动词不定式短语作宾语）
We need to know what others are doing. 我们需要了解其他人都在干什么。（从句作宾语）
I lived in Japan in 1986. 我1986年住在日本。（名词和数词作介词的宾语）
双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）
Lend me your dictionary, please.
后接to的有：write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等。
He sent the novel to William yesterday.
后接for的有：leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, post, save等。
She bought a gift for her mother.
下列动词只能接不定式做宾语：ask, agree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, desire等。
下列动词只能接动名词做宾语：admit, avoid, advise, consider, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, imagine, mind, practise, suggest等。
下列动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词做宾语，但意义不同：stop, mean, try, remember, forget, regret等。
宾语补足语
用来对宾语进行补充和说明，一般由名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：“某些及物动词（如make等)+宾语+宾补）”。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语，what从句作宾补相当于名词。
His father named him Dongming. （名词）
They painted their boat white. （形容词）
Let the fresh air in. （副词）
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. （不定式短语）
We saw her entering the room. （分词短语）
We found everything in the lab in good order. （介词短语）
We will soon make our city what your city is now. （what从句）
定语
对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明，一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、非谓语动词及句子等充当，位置可在所修饰的词之前，也可在所修饰的词之后。
They are women workers.（名词作定语）
Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday.（所有格名词作定语）
Equal pay for equal work should be introduced.（形容词作定语）
The play has three acts.（数词作定语）
This is her first trip to Europe.（代词、数词和介词短语作定语）
China is a developing country.（现在分词作定语）
You haven't kept your promise to write us often.（动词不定式短语作定语）
My cat has a good nose for milk.（介词短语作定语）
Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here.（从句作定语）
状语
用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等，一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语或句子充当。
These products are selling quickly. （副词作状语）
He is knee deep in snow.（名词作状语）
The best fish swim near the bottom.（介词短语作地点状语）
She sat there doing nothing.（现在分词短语作伴随状语）
We'll send a car over to fetch you.（动词不定式短语作目的状语）
She was slow to make up her mind.（动词不定式短语作状语）
Strike while the iron is hot.（从句作时间状语）
位置：修饰动词时，通常放在所修饰的动词之后或句末。
The girls are singing happily.
He runs fast.
为了强调可放句首。
Over the river there is a new bridge.
When I came, they were doing their homework.
In front of the building, there is a big tree.
Sometimes, often, always, usually, ever）, already, also, even, almost, never，hardly, seldom ... 一般放在助动词(am, is, are, was, were; do, does, did; have, has; shall, will; should, would)及他们的否定式、情态动词之后，其他动词之前。
He is often late for class.
He has never been there.
He doesn’t always finish his homework.
He also knows the answer.
He even wants to do it himself.
同位语
若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且，句法功能也一样，那么，后一项称为前一项的同位语。
This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster.
插入语
与句子其他成分没有通常的语法关系，如插入语、感叹语、呼语等，一般用逗号将它与句子隔开。
He’s a nice person, to be sure.
To be frank, I don’t quite agree with you.
基本句型一、 主＋谓
此类句型中句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
主语
谓语
Time
We all
Everybody
I
They
He
He
They
flies.
eat and drink.
laughed.
woke.
talked for half an hour.
walked yesterday.
is playing
have gone.
基本句型二、 主＋系＋表
句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, feel, smell, taste, sound等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn, go等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义：stay, prove, remain, stand.
主语
系动词
表语
This
The dinner
He
Everything
He
The book
The weather
His face
is
smells(闻)
fell
looks
is
is
became
turned
an English dictionary.
good.
happy.
different.
tall and strong.
interesting.
warmer.
red.
基本句型三、主＋谓＋宾
句中谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。
主语
实义动词
宾语
1. Who
2. She
3. He
8. He
5. They
6. Danny
7. I
4. He
knows
laugh at
understands
made
ate
likes
want
said
the answer?
her.
English.
cakes.
some apples.
donuts.
to have a cup of tea.
"Good morning."
基本句型四、主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾
此句型中谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，介词往往被省略。
主语
及物动词
间接宾语（多指人）
直接宾语（多指物）
She
She
He
He
I
I
I
He
passed
cooked
brought
bought
showed
gave
told
showed
him
her husband
you
her
him
him
me
a new dress.
a delicious meal.
a dictionary.
nothing.
my pictures.
a hand.
how to run the machine.
that the bus was late.
基本句型五、主＋谓＋宾＋宾补
本句型中动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
主语
及物
宾语
宾补
We
They
They
They
What
We
He
I
keep
painted
call
found
makes
saw
asked
saw
the table
the door
supper
the house
him
him
me
them
clean.
green.
dinner.
dirty.
sad?
out.
to come back soon.
getting on the bus.
There be 句型
There be 结构是英语中陈述事物客观存的常用句型，表示“有”，其确切含义是“存在”there 作为引导词，本身没有意义，用动词be的某些形式作为谓语动词，它的主语是用一些表示泛指或不定特指的名词词组，动词be和 主语的数必须一致。句子最后通常为表示地点和时间的状语。因此要表达“某个地方或某个时间存在什么事物或人”的时候常用“There be + 名词+ 地点（时间）这一句型。
There is a great Italian deli across the street.
There are some students in the dormitory.
1. 主谓一致：若there be只有一个主语，谓语的数则取决于该主语的数；若有几个主语并列，则通常是与靠近的主语保持一致。
There is a bus stop close to the school.
There is a pen and some books on the desk.
2. 时态问题：there be结构的时态由其中的谓语动词be来体现，它可以有一般现在时、一般将来时、一般过去时、现在完成时以及过去完成时等多种时态形式。
There has been no rain this week.
There will be something you can enjoy.
3. 连用情态动词：there be结构有时可以与情态动词连用，此时情态动词应放在there与be之间。
There might still be hope.
4. there be的变体：有时根据句子的需要，我们也可将there be中的动词be 换为 live, remain, seem, appear, exist, stand, lie, come等。
There comes a bus.
There remained just thirty pounds.
There seems to be something wrong here.
At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.
there be结构的非谓语形式有两种，即there being和there to be。
1. there being结构：在句子中主要用作状语。
There being nothing to do, I went to bed.
这类结构有时可与状语从句转换，也可作如下改写：
As there was nothing to do, I went to bed.
另外，there being结构还可用作介词宾语。
What’s the chance of there being an election this year?
2. there to be 结构：主要用作动词宾语。可接该结构可用作动词的动词不多，常见的like, prefer, hate, want, mean, intend, expect, consider 等。
I don’t want there to be any more trouble.
另外，there to be 结构还可用作介词for的宾语。注意了，用作介词宾语一般用there being，但用作介词for的宾语时，却要用there to be。
It was too late for there to be any buses.
“There is no+动名词”句型：
1. 表示否定：表示“不可能……”“无法……”。
There is no getting over the difficulty. 这困难无法克服。
There is no knowing what he will do next. 无法知道他下一步要干什么。
2. 表示不允许：表示“不许……”“不准……”。
There is no photographing here. 这里不许拍照。
“There is no+名词+in doing sth”句型：
1. There is no difficulty in doing sth 做某事没有困难
2. There is no harm in doing sth 做某事没有害处
3. There is no point in doing sth 做某事没有用或没有必要”。
4. There is no sense in doing sth 做某事没有道理或好处
5. There is no use in doing sth 做某事没有用或好处
There be 结构和have的区别与联系
There be意为存在，强调某地有某物，不表示所属关系；have表示所有关系，强调某人或某地有某物，这是其基本用法。在表示结构上的含有时，既可以用there be 句型，也可以用have（has）来表示。
There are some trees in front of the house.
Tom has many friends in China.
巩固练习
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. I shall answer your question after class.
3. The apples tasted sweet.
4. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
5. He managed to finish the work in time.
6. He found it important to master English.
7. Do you have anything else to say?
8. To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good.
9. Would you please tell me your address?
10. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
11. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
12. He noticed a man enter the room.
二、完成句子
1.They sat together around the table, with________________ (门关着).（shut）
2.I haven’t the slightest idea _________________________________ (他正在说什么). (talk)
3.He believes that children ______________ (应允许……学习) at their own pace.(allow)
4. ___________________ (他是否出过国)doesn’t make much difference.(he, abroad)
5. Seldom_________________________（他们玩）video games ever since they entered college.（play）
6. The city_______________________（我成长的）is very hot and damp in summer.（grow）
7. ____________________（我花了）one thousand dollars to buy the painting last week.（cost）
8. —You’d better go and ________________（把你的轿车洗洗）.
—No, I’ll do it myself.（wash）
9.With the rapid development of science and technology, I can’t imagine ________________（我的家乡会是什么样子）in ten years.（what）
10.___________________________(任何计划了的事)is sure to change as one puts it into practice. (whatever)
三、单项选择
1. We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people, most of _____are healthy.
A. that B. which C. what D. whom
2. I’ll give you my friend's home address, ______ I can be reached most evenings.
A. which B. when C. whom D. where
3. A computer can only do_______ your have instructed it to do.
A. how B. after C. what D. when
4. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter______ it was?
A. where B. what C. how D. which
5. There ___ a talk show on CCTV- 4 at nine this evening.
A. will have B. is going to be C. is going to have D. is having
6. It is not uncommon for ______ problems of communication between old and young.
A. there to be B. there being
C. there to being D. there be
四、完形填空
Four years ago, I felt lucky after escaping one of those terrible 2-mile runs. I hated __1__; it was just something that __2__ came easily to me. At that time, if you had told me that I would one day run a marathon, I'd have told you in all honesty that I had a better __3__ of winning the lottery(彩票). The turning __4__ came when I met Mrs. Green. She was fifty years old, going through chemotherapy(化学疗法)for her cancer, and still __5__ to run 30 miles a week. I __6__ that if Mrs. Green could run 6 miles at a time, I could run at least two. In February, in cold weather, I started to walk a 2-mile __7__ around my neighborhood. Two months later, I __8__ the whole route, running for the first time. I felt exhausted, __9__ I felt happy.
Over the next several years, I continued to push each run for a few __10__ minutes, slowly building my endurance(耐力). I didn't need to __11__ against other runners, for my most important competitor was myself.
After continuing to __12__ myself, I knew it was time to step my training up. I __13__ I would train for the Detroit Free Press/Flagstar Marathon.
The race day __14__ came, and I was filled with excitement and worry. It was final time to see what I was made of. The __15__ ended up incredibly. I did __16__ through the last few miles, but after my journey, there was no doubt in my mind that I'd finished. As I __17__ the finish line, I experienced the strongest sense of __18__ and happiness I had ever had in my life. I am now a Marathoner.
As John Bingham once said, “The __19__ isn't that I finished. The miracle(奇迹)is that I had the __20__to start.”
1. A. studying B. thinking C. running D. teaching
2. A. never B. always C. usually D. often
3. A. chance B. belief C. suggestion D. hope
4. A. case B. point C. situation D. stage
5. A. devoted B. applied C. led D. managed
6. A. figured B. agreed C. proved D. ordered
7. A. race B. route C. site D. test
8. A. closed B. changed C. finished D. considered
9. A. and B. or C. so D. but
10. A. perfect B. extra C. actual D. basic
11. A. compete B. take C. rely D. argue
12. A. treat B. entertain C. march D. challenge
13. A. forced B. decided C. doubted D. seemed
14. A. certainly B. instantly C. finally D. regularly
15. A. moment B. atmosphere C. experience D. reward
16. A. struggle B. press C. break D. go
17. A. toured B. moved C. crossed D. stopped
18. A. touch B. pride C. humor D. award
19. A. miracle B. habit C. method D. plan
20. A. ability B. choice C. thought D. courage
五、阅读理解
(2019 河北保定市高三调研试题)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Different Cultures
The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish each other a lot. __1__
The origin of the eastern cultures is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are developed by rivers---the Yellow River in China and the Hindu River in India. ___2___
When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Eastern culture, another famous culture was brought up on the Mesopotamian Plain-the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. 3___ Like the Chinese culture, the European culture also crossed waters. When the British settled down in America, their culture went with them over, the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesn't distinguish from the European culture a lot。
4 Take the language system for example. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic language while the Western languages are mostly based on the Latin system. Other causes like human race difference counts as well. But what's more, due to the far distance and the steep .areas between the East and West, the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no-interference（干扰） from the other.
The differences are everywhere. 5 But different cultures make the world of 21st century more colorful. The cultural gap should not be the obstacle (障碍) to the civilization of human being. It ought to be the motivation of our going farther.
A. Let us work together to keep a variety of culture.
B. One important thing is to learn about other cultures.
C. And these two are well-known as the base of the European culture.
D. At the same time, some other differences add to the cultural differences.
E This is because the culture systems are two separate systems on the whole.
F. They helped the two cultures develop for centuries and form their own styles.
G. They are obvious and affect people's ways of thinking and their views of the world.
六、短文改错
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从11处起）不记分。
Today I was having a PE lessons when I fell down and hurt my foot. I was in greatly pain at
that moment, but I tried to act as if nothing has happened until the class was over. Though I had
difficulty walk back to my classroom, I still didn’t tell anyone but even refused the offer of help
of my classmates. As result, the hurt in my foot became bad. Now I know I’m wrong. We
can tell others our need for help and accept his help. Some day we can not help others in
return. In this way, we can get along to each other happily and peacefully.
七、书面表达
(2019·安徽高考) 某英文杂志正在举办以“Fancy yourself as an interviewer”为主题的征文活动，请你以“A Famous Chinese I Would Like to Interview”为题, 写一篇英语短文。
内容包括：
1. 采访的对象；
2. 采访的原因；
3. 想提的问题。
注意：
1. 词数120左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯；
3. 短文中不能出现与本人相关的信息；
4. 短文的标题已给出,不计人总词数。
A Famous Chinese I Would Like to Interview
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案与解析
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分
1. The students got on the school bus.
主语 定语
2. I shall answer your question after class.
谓语 状语
3. The apples tasted sweet.
表语
4. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
宾语 状语
5. He managed to finish the work in time.
谓语 宾语
6. He found it important to master English.
形式宾语 真正宾语
7. Do you have anything else to say?
宾语 定语
8. To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good.
插入语 定语
9. Would you please tell me your address?
双宾语
10. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
状语 状语
11. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
主语 表语 宾语补足语
12. He noticed a man enter the room.
宾语补足语
二、完成句子
1. the door shut
2. of what he is talking about
3. should be allowed to learn
4. Whether he has been abroad or not
5. have they played
6. where/ in which I grew up
7. It cost me
8. have/ get your car washed
9. what my hometown will be/ look like
10. Whatever one has planned/ Whatever has been planned
三、单项选择
1. D。本题中，先行词是people，还原到从句中为：most of people are healthy. 由此可知，people被还原后，在从句中作介词of的宾语。先行词表人，作宾语，关系词可以是whom, that, 不填what/which。又从that和which的区别中，可知，介词+关系词中不可用that, 所以本题的唯一正确的答案是D。
2. D。本题中，先行词是my friend's home address，还原到从句中为：I can be reached at my friend's home address most evenings. 由此可知，my friend's home address被还原后，从句需要补充介词at，从句本身才完整，而且介词at和先行词my friend’s home address一起在从句中作状语。先行词表地点，作状语，关系词可以where, 介词+ which。结合本题，答案可以是where或at which，结合选项，本题答案是D。
3. C。解题思路：根据语境，此处应选一个宾语从句作do的宾语，因为宾语从句中to do 后面缺少宾语，所以应选C项what。这句话的意思是“计算机只能做你指示它做的事情”。
4. D。这是一个主语从句。主语从句中缺少表语。题干的意思为，应是哪本书以要填which, 这句话的意思是“我在某书中读到过有关这方面的内容，是哪一本书重要吗？”
5. B。题干中为there be的将来时，be前面多了be going to。
6. A。横线及以后部分为介词for的宾语，所以不能用谓语结构，for后接there to be结构。
四、完形填空
本文作者一开始讨厌跑步，但看到得了癌症的格林太太一个星期跑30英里，于是自己也每天坚持跑步，最后竟然参加了马拉松比赛。
1. C。由上下文的语境可知作者讨厌跑步，故选C。
2. A。由前文的“felt lucky after escaping”及“hated”可知，跑步对作者来说从来不是件容易事，故选A。
3. A。此处表示作者更可能会买彩票中奖，故选A，chance意为“机会”。
4. B。由后文可知作者遇到格林太太后情况便有了转机。turning point意为“转折点”，为固定短语。
5. D。此处指尽管她生病了，但仍然一个星期跑30英里。manage to do sth“设法做成某事”，符合句意。devote to“专心致力于”；apply to“应用，运用”；lead to“导致”。
6. A。作者认为格林太太一次能跑6英里，那么作者就能跑至少2英里。figure意为“认为，以为”，符合语境。
7. B。由第8空后的“route”及空前的“2-mile”可知此处指2英里的路程，故选B。
8. C。此处指作者第一次跑完了2英里的路程，故选C。
9. D。由“exhausted”和“happy”可知前后分句之间为转折关系，故选D。
10. B。由下文讲述的作者慢慢提升耐力可知，此处表示作者每一次跑步的时间增加几分钟，故选B。
11. A。由后半句“for my most important competitor was myself.”可知此处应该是说作者不用与其他的跑步者竞赛。
12. D。由前文提到作者一次次地增加跑步的时间可知作者是在挑战(challenge)自己。
13. B。后文提到作者要去参赛，此处应该是作者的决定，故选B。
14. C。由语境可知，此处指出赛的日子最后(finally)到来了。
15. C。由18空前面的“experienced”可知这是作者的一次体验。
16. A。由语境可知，在最后的几英里路程上，作者的确努力了。struggle意为“奋斗，努力”，符合语境。
17. C。由常识可知，比赛时我们通常说穿过终点线，故选C，cross意为“穿过”，符合语境。
18. B。穿过终点线后，作者应该感到自豪(pride)，故选B。
19. A。由最后一句话中的“The miracle”可知此处意为“奇迹不是我完成了(某事)”。
20. D。此处意为“奇迹是我有勇气(courage)开始”，故选D。
五、阅读理解
1. E。上一句提出了一个结论：东西方文化差异很大。后一句接着解释原因：这是因为这两个文化体系整体上是两个不同的体系。
2. F。上一句是说两大文明发源于两大河流。下一句they正是指这两大河流。
3. C。同样，上一句的意思是“这种文明发展成古希腊和古罗马文化”，C选项中的these two正是指上句提到的古希腊和古罗马文化。
4. D。空格在句首，下一句接的是以语言方面为例说明差异。整个段落也是说文化体系不同的其他方面的原因，故选D项作为段落的主题句。
5. G。空白句和上一句一脉相承：区别无处不在，区别是明显的，区别影响了人们的思维方式和他们看待世界的方式。
六、短文改错
Today I was having a PE lessons when I fell down and hurt my foot. I was in greatly pain at that
lesson great
moment, but I tried to act as if nothing has happened until the class was over. Though I had
had
difficulty walk back to my classroom, I still didn’t tell anyone but even refused the offer of help
walking and
of my classmates. As∧ result, the hurt in my foot became bad. Now I know I’m wrong. We
a worse
can tell others our need for help and accept his help. Some day we can not help others in
their
return. In this way, we can get along to each other happily and peacefully.
with
七、书面表达
A Famous Chinese I Would Like to Interview
The person I would like to interview is Yang Liwei.
I would really like to interview him because he is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world. I have long been interested in space exploration and I believe I could learn a great deal from him about it.
If I could interview him, I would ask him what made him an astronaut and how he was trained. I would also like to know how he felt in space and whether space travel is such great fun as I have read. Finally, I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life, which must be very interesting.
真题再现
1. We live in an age ______ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which
2. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _______ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.
A. which B. who C. where D. what
3. As many five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ______ suits you best.
A whatever B. whichever C. whenever D. wherever
4. It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.
A. how B. which C. that D. what
5. There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _______________?
A. is there B. isn't there C. is he D. isn't he
6. Before you quit your job, ______how your family would feel about your decision.
A. consider B. considering C. to consider D. considered
答案与解析：
1. B。分析从句成分，“主系表”结构完整，when只能代替先行词(at) an age在从句中做时间状语，修饰先行词an age（时代）。此处的when=at which。
2. B。在非限制性定语从句中缺主语， 只能用关系代词who代替先行词people在从句中作主语。
3. B。所填词引导的从句做动词choose的宾语，引导词在从句中做主语，意思是“无论哪件”，选B。C、D选项只能在句中作状语， 题干中已有“five courses”，排除A项。
4. D。此处it是形式主语，what引导的是主语从句，作真正的主语。What作do的宾语。句意：总统采取什么行动结束这次罢工一点也不清楚。
5. A。根据前面there be 句里含有否定意义的词little，所以反意疑问句用肯定形式，其主谓应与陈述部分的主谓保持一致，故选A项。
6. A。结合选项来分析句子结构，逗号前为时间状语从句，后面实际上是一个祈使句，缺少谓语。由此可知，A选项符合题意。
知识讲解
句子成分的定义
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
主语
表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。
Walls have ears. 隔墙有耳。（名词做主语）
He will take you to the hospital. 他会带你去医院。（代词做主语）
Three plus four is seven. 三加四等于七。（数词做主语）
To see is to believe. 眼见为实。（动词不定式做主语）
Smoking is not allowed in public places. 公共场所不允许吸烟。（动名词做主语）
Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 他们来不来取决于天气。（从句做主语）
谓语
说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。
He practices running every morning.
The plane took off at ten o’clock.
复合谓语：
由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
You may keep the book for two weeks.
He has caught a bad cold.
由系动词加表语构成。
We are students.
注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。
表语
表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，位于连系动词之后，与连系动词一起构成句子的谓语。
Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）
Is it yours? （代词）
The weather has turned cold.（形容词）
The speech is exciting.（分词）
Three times seven is twenty-one? （数词）
His job is to teach English.（不定式）
His hobby is playing football.（动名词）
The meeting is of great importance.（介词短语）
Time is up. The class is over.（副词）
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
注意：系动词用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。
状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词。
He is a teacher.
持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand.
He always kept silent at meeting.?
表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look.
He seems (to be) very sad.??
感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run
The rumor proved false.
His plan turned out a success.??
宾语
宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
She covered her face with her hands. 她用双手蒙住脸。（名词短语作宾语）
We haven't seen her for a long time. 我们好长时间没看到她了。（代词作宾语）
Do you mind opening the window? 打开窗户你介意吗？（动名词短语作宾语）
Give me four please. 请给我四个。（数词作宾语）
He wants to dream a nice dream. 他想做一个好梦。（动词不定式短语作宾语）
We need to know what others are doing. 我们需要了解其他人都在干什么。（从句作宾语）
I lived in Japan in 1986. 我1986年住在日本。（名词和数词作介词的宾语）
双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）
Lend me your dictionary, please.
后接to的有：write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等。
He sent the novel to William yesterday.
后接for的有：leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, post, save等。
She bought a gift for her mother.
下列动词只能接不定式做宾语：ask, agree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, desire等。
下列动词只能接动名词做宾语：admit, avoid, advise, consider, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, imagine, mind, practise, suggest等。
下列动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词做宾语，但意义不同：stop, mean, try, remember, forget, regret等。
宾语补足语
用来对宾语进行补充和说明，一般由名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：“某些及物动词（如make等)+宾语+宾补）”。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语，what从句作宾补相当于名词。
His father named him Dongming. （名词）
They painted their boat white. （形容词）
Let the fresh air in. （副词）
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. （不定式短语）
We saw her entering the room. （分词短语）
We found everything in the lab in good order. （介词短语）
We will soon make our city what your city is now. （what从句）
定语
对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明，一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、非谓语动词及句子等充当，位置可在所修饰的词之前，也可在所修饰的词之后。
They are women workers.（名词作定语）
Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday.（所有格名词作定语）
Equal pay for equal work should be introduced.（形容词作定语）
The play has three acts.（数词作定语）
This is her first trip to Europe.（代词、数词和介词短语作定语）
China is a developing country.（现在分词作定语）
You haven't kept your promise to write us often.（动词不定式短语作定语）
My cat has a good nose for milk.（介词短语作定语）
Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here.（从句作定语）
状语
用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等，一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语或句子充当。
These products are selling quickly. （副词作状语）
He is knee deep in snow.（名词作状语）
The best fish swim near the bottom.（介词短语作地点状语）
She sat there doing nothing.（现在分词短语作伴随状语）
We'll send a car over to fetch you.（动词不定式短语作目的状语）
She was slow to make up her mind.（动词不定式短语作状语）
Strike while the iron is hot.（从句作时间状语）
位置：修饰动词时，通常放在所修饰的动词之后或句末。
The girls are singing happily.
He runs fast.
为了强调可放句首。
Over the river there is a new bridge.
When I came, they were doing their homework.
In front of the building, there is a big tree.
Sometimes, often, always, usually, ever）, already, also, even, almost, never，hardly, seldom ... 一般放在助动词(am, is, are, was, were; do, does, did; have, has; shall, will; should, would)及他们的否定式、情态动词之后，其他动词之前。
He is often late for class.
He has never been there.
He doesn’t always finish his homework.
He also knows the answer.
He even wants to do it himself.
同位语
若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且，句法功能也一样，那么，后一项称为前一项的同位语。
This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster.
插入语
与句子其他成分没有通常的语法关系，如插入语、感叹语、呼语等，一般用逗号将它与句子隔开。
He’s a nice person, to be sure.
To be frank, I don’t quite agree with you.
基本句型一、 主＋谓
此类句型中句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
主语
谓语
Time
We all
Everybody
I
They
He
He
They
flies.
eat and drink.
laughed.
woke.
talked for half an hour.
walked yesterday.
is playing
have gone.
基本句型二、 主＋系＋表
句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, feel, smell, taste, sound等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn, go等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义：stay, prove, remain, stand.
主语
系动词
表语
This
The dinner
He
Everything
He
The book
The weather
His face
is
smells(闻)
fell
looks
is
is
became
turned
an English dictionary.
good.
happy.
different.
tall and strong.
interesting.
warmer.
red.
基本句型三、主＋谓＋宾
句中谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。
主语
实义动词
宾语
1. Who
2. She
3. He
8. He
5. They
6. Danny
7. I
4. He
knows
laugh at
understands
made
ate
likes
want
said
the answer?
her.
English.
cakes.
some apples.
donuts.
to have a cup of tea.
"Good morning."
基本句型四、主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾
此句型中谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，介词往往被省略。
主语
及物动词
间接宾语（多指人）
直接宾语（多指物）
She
She
He
He
I
I
I
He
passed
cooked
brought
bought
showed
gave
told
showed
him
her husband
you
her
him
him
me
a new dress.
a delicious meal.
a dictionary.
nothing.
my pictures.
a hand.
how to run the machine.
that the bus was late.
基本句型五、主＋谓＋宾＋宾补
本句型中动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
主语
及物
宾语
宾补
We
They
They
They
What
We
He
I
keep
painted
call
found
makes
saw
asked
saw
the table
the door
supper
the house
him
him
me
them
clean.
green.
dinner.
dirty.
sad?
out.
to come back soon.
getting on the bus.
There be 句型
There be 结构是英语中陈述事物客观存的常用句型，表示“有”，其确切含义是“存在”there 作为引导词，本身没有意义，用动词be的某些形式作为谓语动词，它的主语是用一些表示泛指或不定特指的名词词组，动词be和 主语的数必须一致。句子最后通常为表示地点和时间的状语。因此要表达“某个地方或某个时间存在什么事物或人”的时候常用“There be + 名词+ 地点（时间）这一句型。
There is a great Italian deli across the street.
There are some students in the dormitory.
1. 主谓一致：若there be只有一个主语，谓语的数则取决于该主语的数；若有几个主语并列，则通常是与靠近的主语保持一致。
There is a bus stop close to the school.
There is a pen and some books on the desk.
2. 时态问题：there be结构的时态由其中的谓语动词be来体现，它可以有一般现在时、一般将来时、一般过去时、现在完成时以及过去完成时等多种时态形式。
There has been no rain this week.
There will be something you can enjoy.
3. 连用情态动词：there be结构有时可以与情态动词连用，此时情态动词应放在there与be之间。
There might still be hope.
4. there be的变体：有时根据句子的需要，我们也可将there be中的动词be 换为 live, remain, seem, appear, exist, stand, lie, come等。
There comes a bus.
There remained just thirty pounds.
There seems to be something wrong here.
At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.
there be结构的非谓语形式有两种，即there being和there to be。
1. there being结构：在句子中主要用作状语。
There being nothing to do, I went to bed.
这类结构有时可与状语从句转换，也可作如下改写：
As there was nothing to do, I went to bed.
另外，there being结构还可用作介词宾语。
What’s the chance of there being an election this year?
2. there to be 结构：主要用作动词宾语。可接该结构可用作动词的动词不多，常见的like, prefer, hate, want, mean, intend, expect, consider 等。
I don’t want there to be any more trouble.
另外，there to be 结构还可用作介词for的宾语。注意了，用作介词宾语一般用there being，但用作介词for的宾语时，却要用there to be。
It was too late for there to be any buses.
“There is no+动名词”句型：
1. 表示否定：表示“不可能……”“无法……”。
There is no getting over the difficulty. 这困难无法克服。
There is no knowing what he will do next. 无法知道他下一步要干什么。
2. 表示不允许：表示“不许……”“不准……”。
There is no photographing here. 这里不许拍照。
“There is no+名词+in doing sth”句型：
1. There is no difficulty in doing sth 做某事没有困难
2. There is no harm in doing sth 做某事没有害处
3. There is no point in doing sth 做某事没有用或没有必要”。
4. There is no sense in doing sth 做某事没有道理或好处
5. There is no use in doing sth 做某事没有用或好处
There be 结构和have的区别与联系
There be意为存在，强调某地有某物，不表示所属关系；have表示所有关系，强调某人或某地有某物，这是其基本用法。在表示结构上的含有时，既可以用there be 句型，也可以用have（has）来表示。
There are some trees in front of the house.
Tom has many friends in China.
巩固练习
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. I shall answer your question after class.
3. The apples tasted sweet.
4. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
5. He managed to finish the work in time.
6. He found it important to master English.
7. Do you have anything else to say?
8. To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good.
9. Would you please tell me your address?
10. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
11. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
12. He noticed a man enter the room.
二、完成句子
1.They sat together around the table, with________________ (门关着).（shut）
2.I haven’t the slightest idea _________________________________ (他正在说什么). (talk)
3.He believes that children ______________ (应允许……学习) at their own pace.(allow)
4. ___________________ (他是否出过国)doesn’t make much difference.(he, abroad)
5. Seldom_________________________（他们玩）video games ever since they entered college.（play）
6. The city_______________________（我成长的）is very hot and damp in summer.（grow）
7. ____________________（我花了）one thousand dollars to buy the painting last week.（cost）
8. —You’d better go and ________________（把你的轿车洗洗）.
—No, I’ll do it myself.（wash）
9.With the rapid development of science and technology, I can’t imagine ________________（我的家乡会是什么样子）in ten years.（what）
10.___________________________(任何计划了的事)is sure to change as one puts it into practice. (whatever)
三、单项选择
1. We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people, most of _____are healthy.
A. that B. which C. what D. whom
2. I’ll give you my friend's home address, ______ I can be reached most evenings.
A. which B. when C. whom D. where
3. A computer can only do_______ your have instructed it to do.
A. how B. after C. what D. when
4. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter______ it was?
A. where B. what C. how D. which
5. There ___ a talk show on CCTV- 4 at nine this evening.
A. will have B. is going to be C. is going to have D. is having
6. It is not uncommon for ______ problems of communication between old and young.
A. there to be B. there being
C. there to being D. there be
四、完形填空
Four years ago, I felt lucky after escaping one of those terrible 2-mile runs. I hated __1__; it was just something that __2__ came easily to me. At that time, if you had told me that I would one day run a marathon, I'd have told you in all honesty that I had a better __3__ of winning the lottery(彩票). The turning __4__ came when I met Mrs. Green. She was fifty years old, going through chemotherapy(化学疗法)for her cancer, and still __5__ to run 30 miles a week. I __6__ that if Mrs. Green could run 6 miles at a time, I could run at least two. In February, in cold weather, I started to walk a 2-mile __7__ around my neighborhood. Two months later, I __8__ the whole route, running for the first time. I felt exhausted, __9__ I felt happy.
Over the next several years, I continued to push each run for a few __10__ minutes, slowly building my endurance(耐力). I didn't need to __11__ against other runners, for my most important competitor was myself.
After continuing to __12__ myself, I knew it was time to step my training up. I __13__ I would train for the Detroit Free Press/Flagstar Marathon.
The race day __14__ came, and I was filled with excitement and worry. It was final time to see what I was made of. The __15__ ended up incredibly. I did __16__ through the last few miles, but after my journey, there was no doubt in my mind that I'd finished. As I __17__ the finish line, I experienced the strongest sense of __18__ and happiness I had ever had in my life. I am now a Marathoner.
As John Bingham once said, “The __19__ isn't that I finished. The miracle(奇迹)is that I had the __20__to start.”
1. A. studying B. thinking C. running D. teaching
2. A. never B. always C. usually D. often
3. A. chance B. belief C. suggestion D. hope
4. A. case B. point C. situation D. stage
5. A. devoted B. applied C. led D. managed
6. A. figured B. agreed C. proved D. ordered
7. A. race B. route C. site D. test
8. A. closed B. changed C. finished D. considered
9. A. and B. or C. so D. but
10. A. perfect B. extra C. actual D. basic
11. A. compete B. take C. rely D. argue
12. A. treat B. entertain C. march D. challenge
13. A. forced B. decided C. doubted D. seemed
14. A. certainly B. instantly C. finally D. regularly
15. A. moment B. atmosphere C. experience D. reward
16. A. struggle B. press C. break D. go
17. A. toured B. moved C. crossed D. stopped
18. A. touch B. pride C. humor D. award
19. A. miracle B. habit C. method D. plan
20. A. ability B. choice C. thought D. courage
五、阅读理解
(2019 河北保定市高三调研试题)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Different Cultures
The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish each other a lot. __1__
The origin of the eastern cultures is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are developed by rivers---the Yellow River in China and the Hindu River in India. ___2___
When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Eastern culture, another famous culture was brought up on the Mesopotamian Plain-the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. 3___ Like the Chinese culture, the European culture also crossed waters. When the British settled down in America, their culture went with them over, the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesn't distinguish from the European culture a lot。
4 Take the language system for example. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic language while the Western languages are mostly based on the Latin system. Other causes like human race difference counts as well. But what's more, due to the far distance and the steep .areas between the East and West, the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no-interference（干扰） from the other.
The differences are everywhere. 5 But different cultures make the world of 21st century more colorful. The cultural gap should not be the obstacle (障碍) to the civilization of human being. It ought to be the motivation of our going farther.
A. Let us work together to keep a variety of culture.
B. One important thing is to learn about other cultures.
C. And these two are well-known as the base of the European culture.
D. At the same time, some other differences add to the cultural differences.
E This is because the culture systems are two separate systems on the whole.
F. They helped the two cultures develop for centuries and form their own styles.
G. They are obvious and affect people's ways of thinking and their views of the world.
六、短文改错
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从11处起）不记分。
Today I was having a PE lessons when I fell down and hurt my foot. I was in greatly pain at
that moment, but I tried to act as if nothing has happened until the class was over. Though I had
difficulty walk back to my classroom, I still didn’t tell anyone but even refused the offer of help
of my classmates. As result, the hurt in my foot became bad. Now I know I’m wrong. We
can tell others our need for help and accept his help. Some day we can not help others in
return. In this way, we can get along to each other happily and peacefully.
七、书面表达
(2019·安徽高考) 某英文杂志正在举办以“Fancy yourself as an interviewer”为主题的征文活动，请你以“A Famous Chinese I Would Like to Interview”为题, 写一篇英语短文。
内容包括：
1. 采访的对象；
2. 采访的原因；
3. 想提的问题。
注意：
1. 词数120左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯；
3. 短文中不能出现与本人相关的信息；
4. 短文的标题已给出,不计人总词数。
A Famous Chinese I Would Like to Interview
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案与解析
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分
1. The students got on the school bus.
主语 定语
2. I shall answer your question after class.
谓语 状语
3. The apples tasted sweet.
表语
4. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
宾语 状语
5. He managed to finish the work in time.
谓语 宾语
6. He found it important to master English.
形式宾语 真正宾语
7. Do you have anything else to say?
宾语 定语
8. To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good.
插入语 定语
9. Would you please tell me your address?
双宾语
10. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
状语 状语
11. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
主语 表语 宾语补足语
12. He noticed a man enter the room.
宾语补足语
二、完成句子
1. the door shut
2. of what he is talking about
3. should be allowed to learn
4. Whether he has been abroad or not
5. have they played
6. where/ in which I grew up
7. It cost me
8. have/ get your car washed
9. what my hometown will be/ look like
10. Whatever one has planned/ Whatever has been planned
三、单项选择
1. D。本题中，先行词是people，还原到从句中为：most of people are healthy. 由此可知，people被还原后，在从句中作介词of的宾语。先行词表人，作宾语，关系词可以是whom, that, 不填what/which。又从that和which的区别中，可知，介词+关系词中不可用that, 所以本题的唯一正确的答案是D。
2. D。本题中，先行词是my friend's home address，还原到从句中为：I can be reached at my friend's home address most evenings. 由此可知，my friend's home address被还原后，从句需要补充介词at，从句本身才完整，而且介词at和先行词my friend’s home address一起在从句中作状语。先行词表地点，作状语，关系词可以where, 介词+ which。结合本题，答案可以是where或at which，结合选项，本题答案是D。
3. C。解题思路：根据语境，此处应选一个宾语从句作do的宾语，因为宾语从句中to do 后面缺少宾语，所以应选C项what。这句话的意思是“计算机只能做你指示它做的事情”。
4. D。这是一个主语从句。主语从句中缺少表语。题干的意思为，应是哪本书以要填which, 这句话的意思是“我在某书中读到过有关这方面的内容，是哪一本书重要吗？”
5. B。题干中为there be的将来时，be前面多了be going to。
6. A。横线及以后部分为介词for的宾语，所以不能用谓语结构，for后接there to be结构。
四、完形填空
本文作者一开始讨厌跑步，但看到得了癌症的格林太太一个星期跑30英里，于是自己也每天坚持跑步，最后竟然参加了马拉松比赛。
1. C。由上下文的语境可知作者讨厌跑步，故选C。
2. A。由前文的“felt lucky after escaping”及“hated”可知，跑步对作者来说从来不是件容易事，故选A。
3. A。此处表示作者更可能会买彩票中奖，故选A，chance意为“机会”。
4. B。由后文可知作者遇到格林太太后情况便有了转机。turning point意为“转折点”，为固定短语。
5. D。此处指尽管她生病了，但仍然一个星期跑30英里。manage to do sth“设法做成某事”，符合句意。devote to“专心致力于”；apply to“应用，运用”；lead to“导致”。
6. A。作者认为格林太太一次能跑6英里，那么作者就能跑至少2英里。figure意为“认为，以为”，符合语境。
7. B。由第8空后的“route”及空前的“2-mile”可知此处指2英里的路程，故选B。
8. C。此处指作者第一次跑完了2英里的路程，故选C。
9. D。由“exhausted”和“happy”可知前后分句之间为转折关系，故选D。
10. B。由下文讲述的作者慢慢提升耐力可知，此处表示作者每一次跑步的时间增加几分钟，故选B。
11. A。由后半句“for my most important competitor was myself.”可知此处应该是说作者不用与其他的跑步者竞赛。
12. D。由前文提到作者一次次地增加跑步的时间可知作者是在挑战(challenge)自己。
13. B。后文提到作者要去参赛，此处应该是作者的决定，故选B。
14. C。由语境可知，此处指出赛的日子最后(finally)到来了。
15. C。由18空前面的“experienced”可知这是作者的一次体验。
16. A。由语境可知，在最后的几英里路程上，作者的确努力了。struggle意为“奋斗，努力”，符合语境。
17. C。由常识可知，比赛时我们通常说穿过终点线，故选C，cross意为“穿过”，符合语境。
18. B。穿过终点线后，作者应该感到自豪(pride)，故选B。
19. A。由最后一句话中的“The miracle”可知此处意为“奇迹不是我完成了(某事)”。
20. D。此处意为“奇迹是我有勇气(courage)开始”，故选D。
五、阅读理解
1. E。上一句提出了一个结论：东西方文化差异很大。后一句接着解释原因：这是因为这两个文化体系整体上是两个不同的体系。
2. F。上一句是说两大文明发源于两大河流。下一句they正是指这两大河流。
3. C。同样，上一句的意思是“这种文明发展成古希腊和古罗马文化”，C选项中的these two正是指上句提到的古希腊和古罗马文化。
4. D。空格在句首，下一句接的是以语言方面为例说明差异。整个段落也是说文化体系不同的其他方面的原因，故选D项作为段落的主题句。
5. G。空白句和上一句一脉相承：区别无处不在，区别是明显的，区别影响了人们的思维方式和他们看待世界的方式。
六、短文改错
Today I was having a PE lessons when I fell down and hurt my foot. I was in greatly pain at that
lesson great
moment, but I tried to act as if nothing has happened until the class was over. Though I had
had
difficulty walk back to my classroom, I still didn’t tell anyone but even refused the offer of help
walking and
of my classmates. As∧ result, the hurt in my foot became bad. Now I know I’m wrong. We
a worse
can tell others our need for help and accept his help. Some day we can not help others in
their
return. In this way, we can get along to each other happily and peacefully.
with
七、书面表达
A Famous Chinese I Would Like to Interview
The person I would like to interview is Yang Liwei.
I would really like to interview him because he is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world. I have long been interested in space exploration and I believe I could learn a great deal from him about it.
If I could interview him, I would ask him what made him an astronaut and how he was trained. I would also like to know how he felt in space and whether space travel is such great fun as I have read. Finally, I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life, which must be very interesting.