北师大版高中英语高考总复习：35总复习：主语从句、宾语从句
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| 名称 | 北师大版高中英语高考总复习：35总复习：主语从句、宾语从句 |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2019-12-08 11:23:56 | ||
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高考总复习：主语从句及宾语从句
真题再现
1. The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but _______ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.
A. where B. whether C. that D. why
2. It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.
A. how B. which C. that D. what
3. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently.
A. why B. how C. that D. whether
4. We promise _____ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever
5. It doesn’t matter _____ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
A. how B. whether C. what D. why
6. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesn’t matter ____ you have lived there for a short or a long time.
A. why B. how C. whether D. when
7. It suddenly occurred to him ___ he had left his keys in the office.
A. whether B. where C. which D. that
8. The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _____ he could find about Mark Twain.
A. wherever B. however C. whatever D. whichever
9. As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _____ suits you best.
A. whatever B. whichever C. whenever D. wherever
1. B。首先把插入语generally speaking删掉。but后的并列分句中，whether he reaches these limits（作为句子主语）will depend on his environment.
2. D。此处it是形式主语，what引导的是主语从句，作真正的主语，what作do的宾语。句意：总统采取什么行动结束这次罢工一点也不清楚。
3. C。宾语从句不缺少成分用that引导。
4. C。首先本句考查的关键短语是promise sb. sth.（向某人承诺某事），本句指的是向参加聚会的人提供一个和电影明星合影的机会，不定式做chance的定语，然后就是参加聚会的任何人（whoever=anyone who）。
5. B。此处it是形式主语，后面whether...or…引导的主语从句是真正的主语，whether...or…意为：是…还是…都行。句意：在这个商店中用现金或信用卡支付都可以。
6. C。根据空后的or可知为“whether … or”短语。
7. D。it作形式主语，真正的主语为that he had left his keys in the office。且that在句中无意义，并不充当任何成分。
8. C。介词for后面加的是宾语从句，且从句中find缺少宾语，所以用whatever。
9. B。所填词引导的从句作动词choose的宾语，引导词在从句中做主语，意思是：无论哪件，选B。其余选项与句意不符。
知识讲解
主语从句和宾语从句的引导词
that和what的区别
从句中缺少主语时，常用what引导，也可用which表示选择，用who/whom/whoever指人。what引导主语从句、宾语从句等名词性从句时，表示“所……的(东西)”，并且在从句中充当句子成分。而that作为从属连词，引导主语从句、宾语从句时，其本身没有实际意义，不充当句子成分。that引导主语从句时不省略，引导宾语从句时一般可以省略，但有些情况不可省略。
That fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.
It is pretty well understood what controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.
A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do.
The reporter said (that) the UFO was travelling east to west when he saw it.
People have heard what the president has said; they are waiting to see what he will do.
if和whether的区别
主语从句(放在句首时)常由whether引导。作及物动词宾语时，用if/whether均可，但有区别；作介词宾语时只用whether；后面紧跟or not 时，只用whether。
Whether she will go home or not is unknown.
Whether we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided.
= It remains to be decided whether/if we shall raise ducks or geese.
但我们不能说If we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided.
I don’t care whether/ if he comes.
It depends on whether you can do the job well.
其他连接代词和连接副词的选用
连接代词（what, which, who, whom, whose）在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语；连接副词（when, where, why, how, whether, if等）在从句中作状语。无论是连接代词还是连接副词，都有各自的意义。
It matters little how a man dies, but what matters much is how he lives.
It was a matter of who would take the position.
No one can be sure what man will look like in a million years.
I have not been told where the meeting will be held.
He explained why he set off so early that day.
Whose girlfriend is the most beautiful is not the most important thing.
whoever与whatever，whichever的区别
whoever, whatever, whichever除了可以引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter who/ what/ which外，还可以引导名词从句。
whoever相当于anyone who，表明泛指关系，表示“任何……的人都，凡是……的人都”。
I hate whoever lies.
Whoever wins gets a prize.
whatever相当于anything that，表示“无论什么……”。
Whatever he thinks doesn't matter.
Whatever you want can be found here.
whichever意为“无论哪个，无论哪些”。既可指人，也可指物；既可单独使用，也可修饰名词，也可以跟of短语连用。
You can choose whichever you want.
Whichever of us gets home first starts cooking.
it作形式主语和形式宾语
从句在某个句子中作主语、宾语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语、宾语，而将真正的主语、宾语从句放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。
It was really surprising that she married a man like that.
It was reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami.
We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident.
I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs.
主语从句、宾语从句的句序
主语从句、宾语从句等名词性从句用陈述语序。
主语从句特别注意
It构成的主语从句
主语从句可以放在句子后面，而用it作形式主语放在句首，尤其是从属连词that引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中。这种句式主要有：
It is + adj. / n. +从句
It is a pity/shame that... 遗憾的是……
It is possible that... 很可能……
It is unlikely that... 不可能……
It is possible that he never intended to shoot her.
It is unlikely that she will come.
It is a shame that the rain spoiled our picnic.
It +不及物动词+从句
It seems/appears that... 似乎……
It happened that... 碰巧……
It appears that you are all mistaken.
It happened that the harvest was bad that year.
It + be +过去分词+从句
It is said that... 据说……
It is known to all that... 众所周知……
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is believed that... 据信……，人们相信……
It is suggested that... 有人建议……
It must be pointed out that... 必须指出……
It has been proved that... 已证明…….
It is reported that he is a scholar from New Zealand.
It has been proved that the practice can only do good.
It must be pointed out that some questions have yet to be clarified.
主语从句中的主谓一致关系
主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。
When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.
When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.
When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided. （has not ）
强调句型与带有it的主语从句的区别
强调句与主语从句虽然在形式上很相似，都含有It is/was... that...，但是它们有一个很重要的区别，强调句去掉It is /was...that之后，句子结构仍然完整，而主语从句却不能这样。
It is believed that at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed.
本句去掉“It is ...that”后，留下believed，以及that...从句，句子结构不完整，因此不是强调句型。
It is surprising that Mary should have won first place.
句中的It是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句。句中的It is和that无法删除,一旦删除句子就不成立。
It is Mary that has won first place.
本句是强调句型，其中的It is和that可以去掉，因为没有It is和that句子仍然很通顺.
宾语从句特别注意
【 宾语从句 】
如果宾语从句后有宾语补足语，要用形式宾语it，而将从句放到补足语后面。
I thought it strange that he didn’t pass the exam.
I’ve heard it said that you’ve won a scholarship.
I felt it important that you tell me the truth.
作介词的宾语
Did she say anything about how we should do the work?
Who is responsible for what has happened?
I was not moved by what he said.
that 引导的宾语从句只有在except, in, but, besides 等少数介词后用到。
Your article is good except that it is too long.
有时在介词和其宾语从句的中间加形式宾语it.
I’ll see to it that everything is ready.
You may depend on it that they will support you.
作形容词的宾语
I’m afraid that I have made a mistake.
I’m not sure if/whether I’m right.
She began to criticize what I had done.
其他几组宾语从句
He couldn’t express what he felt.
I will do whatever you wish.
Take whichever seat you like.
Give it to whomever you like.
Give it to whoever is responsible.
宾语从句的时态限制
宾语从句应同主句在谓语时态上保持一致。主句谓语是现在时，宾语从句的谓语可以是任意时态；主句谓语是过去时，宾语从句的谓语必须是过去的某种时态，（宾语是客观真理时则无此限制）。
She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.（从句是一般现在时）
She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.（从句是一般将来时）
She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. （从句是现在完成时）
He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.（从句是一般过去时）
He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby.（从句是过去将来时）
He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time.（从句是过去进行时）
The teacher told us (that) nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it. （从句为客观真理）
引导宾语从句的that何时不能省略
that引导宾语从句时，一般可以省略，但在下列情况下，引导宾语从句的常常不可省略。
1.介词except, but, besides, in等后跟that引导的宾语从句时。
The Swede stood quite still, except that his lips moved slightly.
2.That引导的宾语从句和主句之间有插入语时。
I think, first of all, that we must believe in ourselves.
3.宾语从句为主从复合句且从句位于主句之前时。
He said that if he came back early, he could come for the meeting.
4.当it作形式宾语，后接that引导的宾语从句时。
We took it for granted that they would accept the proposal.
5.当that引导的宾语从句后紧接着作主语的that (this)时，常不可省略。
He said that this was not his book, but his sister’s.
6.宾语从句不止一个时，第一个that 可以省略，而其它的that 常不可省略。
I think (that) it will clear up this afternoon and that they will come to say good-bye to us.
7.当when, who, what, where, why, how等引导的从句与that引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。
I know what the time is and that the wind remains low.
宾语从句否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。
I don’t think this dress fits you well.
巩固练习
一、单项选择
1. Is _____ Qinghai-Tibet Railway plays an important role in China's railway history the topic that you are coming to?
A. what B. it C. this D. that
2. Stage fright is a common example of _____ educators call a “lack of confidence’’ among students.
A. that B. what C. which D. whose
3. Tom eagerly finished up _____ was left of the chicken pie.
A. what B. which C. that D. as
4. It gives his life a flying start _____ he has gone abroad for further education.
A. what B. when C. that D. how
5.—I’m afraid I have to give it up.
—Remember _____ sticks to his work will succeed one day.
A. who B. anyone C. whoever D. no matter who
6. The whole family were worried about Jane because no one was aware _____ she had gone.
A. that where B. of the place which C. of what D. of where
7. What surprised me a lot was that he didn't know _____ the difference between “tell’ and “ask” lay.
A. what B. that C. where D. which
8.—what should 1 wear to attend his wedding party?
—Dress _____ you like.
A. what B. however C. whatever D. how
9. When I got to the checkout counter, I realized I didn’t have enough money, so I kept _____ I really needed and left the rest.
A. what B. which C. that D. this
10. When you rewrite the paragraph, I advise you to leave out _____ is thought unnecessary or misleading.
A. what B. that C. these D. which
11. Having arrived at the earthquake-stricken area, we were led to _____ the homeless people lived.
A. what B. in which C. that D. where
12. It makes little difference to me _____ we go or stay.
A. whether B. where C. that D. how
13. At the evening party the host said _____ was able to solve the riddle could get a nice present as a reward.
A. whoever B. who C. no matter who D. whomever
14. Please remind me he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.
A. where B. when C. how D. what
二、完形填空
My workplace is very diverse(多语言的), and as a matter of fact, my company ranks in the top 10 among the most diverse companies in America. With this being the 1 , a lot of time we run into situations where there is a 2 barrier.
Last week while I was 3 , one of my coworkers twisted her wrist while lifting something too 4 for her. She speaks little English and my Spanish needs much practice. But we have never had a problem in 5 .
When I ran into her shortly after her 6 . I took a look. With me being an athlete, I knew simple first aid was what she 7 . With little understanding of what I was doing, she 8 that I meant to help. So she handed me her arm and I 9 it up before she left to see her 10 .
Today she came up to me while I was getting my breakfast and without a word. she 11 me. When I asked her about the affection, she simply said, “ 12 you for taking care of my arm when I got 13 . ” She went on to tell me that her doctor told her putting ice on her injury was a(n) 14 thing. As she was telling me this, I saw how my random(随意的) act of 15 had had an impact on her. With me just taking a(n) 16 minute out of my day to help her, I made a(n) 17 . I was thankful to have such a(n) 18 because you see, this lady has served me breakfast every day for the last four years and I had never 19 more than greetings and breakfast orders with her.
You 20 know what a difference a simple act of kindness makes to a person.
1. A. agreement B. tradition C. appointment D. case
2. A. trade B. sound C. language D. culture
3. A. on holiday B. at work C. on business D. in debt
4. A. hot B. hard C. valuable D. heavy
5. A. communicating B. managing C. improving D. pronouncing
6. A. disease B. injury C. mistake D. failure
7. A. supplied B. accepted C. needed D. realized
8. A. believed B. proved C. admitted D. declared
9. A. picked B. wrapped C. gave D. fixed
10. A. employer B. conductor C. neighbor D. doctor
11. A. rewarded B. supported C. hugged D. protected
12. A. Prepare B. Thank C. Repay D. Forgive
13. A. hurt B. lost C. fired D. trapped
14. A. strange B. easy C. good D. difficult
15. A. pleasure B. humor C. interest D. kindness
16. A. new B. extra C. exact D. different
17. A. friend B. date C. attempt D. test
18. A. moment B. habit C. expression D. rule
19. A. ordered B. practiced C. exchanged D. repeated
20. A also B still C. sometimes D. never
三、阅读理解
Dear Cynthia Lord,
It often seems to me that nobody understands my problems, I am the only one in the world who has difficulties, and I am trapped in a cement box with no way out. Reading your book Rules helped me look at these situations in a different light.
Just like Catherine in Rules, I have a sibling with autism(自闭症). Just like Catherine, for pretty much all of my life, I have had to face therapy sessions(心理疗法), sacrifices, and being embarrassed to have my friends meet my sister, Julia. I was worried that Julia would make my friends think I was weird(古怪的). All the time, people of all ages would come up to me and ask me the same question：“Are you Julia’s older sister?” This really bothered me. I felt like a nobody in a world circulating around Julia. It seemed to me that I didn’t have my own identity. I told myself that I didn’t care, but I lied. Reading Rules helped me realize that I am not the only person in the world that has these kinds of problems.
No, the therapy won’t stop. No, I won’t ever stop sacrificing. But after reading your book, I realized that having Julia as a sister is amazing and I wouldn’t trade her for anything in the world. I realized that if my friends can’t accept my sister as she is, then they aren’t really my friends. But most importantly, I realized that I am my own person. My identity is not “Julia’s elder sister”；I am Caroline Hoskins. I am me.
Thank you, Cynthia Lord, for writing such a beautiful story that includes problems that kids these days actually face. You are an amazing author, and Rules is a simply wonderful story. It helped me through my problems, and I am positive that it helps kids all over the world every day.
Yours Truly,
Caroline Hoskins
1. The letter is written to ________.
A. the officials in the local government
B. the headmaster in her school
C. her best friends
D. Cynthia Lord who wrote Rules
2. The underlined sentence“I am trapped in a cement box with no way out”probably means ________.
A. the writer is in a dangerous situation because she is locked up in a box
B. the writer is lost and can’t find a way out
C. the writer is in a puzzled, upset and nervous situation
D. there is something that is difficult to solve
3. What can we learn from the second paragraph?
A. Caroline thought that she was not cared by the others.
B. Actually Caroline is younger than Julia.
C. Caroline is worried about Julia’s autism and she is happy to help her.
D. Caroline doesn’t care about what the other people think of her.
4. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Catherine in Rules has autism.
B. Catherine in Rules and Caroline both have a sibling with autism.
C. Caroline didn’t like making friends before reading the book.
D. Caroline has to accept therapy sessions for her autism.
四、短文改错
College students have a little ways to pay their college fees. Many students have their parents to pay the fees. Some students may apply to a bank loan and others will try to find part-time jobs in and out of the campus. Apart from this, many good student can win a scholarship. By this way they can pay at least part of the fees. As to me, I will let my parents pay half of their fees because they are rich enough. Beside my study, I will take up a part-time job by teach some high school students math, physics, chemistry and English, as I’m very good at these important subjects. Of course I will also work very hard at my lessons in order to I can easily win a scholarship.
五、语法填空
(1)
There was a woman who went to the airport 1 (hurry). She was so absorbed 2 her own thoughts that she was not aware they were going on a different route. Suddenly, a man went inside the cab and took her handbag 3 she placed her visa, passport, and all her money for the trip. She kept on thinking how unlucky she was to be in that situation. That very same night, she heard a piece of 4 (shock) news. Flight 230 crashed! It was the plane that she was supposed to board into. 5 she had not lost her precious belongings, she could have lost something far 6 important — her life!
Sometimes bad things really happen. We fail in our exams, or get rejected by others. There are times when nothing seems to go our way. So what do we do about it? We must take all these 7 (frustrate) out of our chest and start all over again with the consistent faith that we 8 (get) what are deserved(应得的).
If you failed in the exams, maybe you’d be more successful and much happier in 9 field. If you were rejected by your friend, there are plenty of others out there who are much more deserving of (值得的)your love and affection. Don’t waste your time and energy 10 things that can’t be changed.
(2)
Stephen Hawking, who is the most famous physicist, was born in Britain on January 8th, 1942. As a child, he was enthusiastic about 1 (design) complicated toys but 2 (fortune), in his twenties, he suffered 3 a disease that was impossible to be cured, 4 was a great challenge for him. However, not only was he positive about the misfortunes 5 eventually he defeated all the obstacles but also he was 6 (absorb) in his research in the universe. In 1988, his best-seller A Brief History of Time was published, 7 which he put forward the idea 8 time itself has a beginning, and that it will have 9 end. In conclusion, he has made outstanding 10 (contribute) to the fields of cosmology and quantum gravity.
六、书面表达
阅读下面一段话，请你以“建立与家长的互信”这一话题，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈你的看法。
“My parents are always coming into my room to check what I’m doing and it drives me crazy! When I escape to my room, it’s my time to relax. I want to shout: ‘Enough already! Leave me alone!’ ”
—Sara, aged 16
Do your parents check your tests? Snoop（窥探） through your room? Read your diary? If so, how can you convince them to give you more privacy（隐私权）you want and need? And give some advice to students like Sara. Give an example.
注意：1．短文应结合自身实际谈建议：
2．词数120左右，不必拟标题。
答案与解析
一、单项选择
1. D。句意：你要谈的是青藏铁路在中国铁路史上具有重要作用这一主题吗?that在此处引导主语从句，is为系动词，the topic为表语，topic后的that引导的是定语从句，修饰topic。变为陈述语序为：That Qinghai-Tibet Railway plays an important role in China's railway history is the topic that...
2. B。句意：怯场是教育者称之为学生们“缺乏自信”的例证中的一个很普遍的例子。what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作call的宾语。名词性从句中不缺成分时才能用that引导。
3. A。句意：汤姆很快地吃完了剩下的鸡肉派。本题考查名词性从句。finish up后跟的是宾语从句，该宾语从句缺少主语，故选A项。
4. C。句意：他出国深造使他的人生有了一个成功的开端。考查主语从句：it为真正的主语，从句结构和意义完整，所以用that作引导词。
5. C。句意：—恐怕我得放弃了。—记住：对工作坚持不懈的人终有一天会成功。whoever=anyone who，引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。A项who前缺少先行词；B项anyone后缺少引导词who(因为引导词在定语从句中作主语时不能省略)；选D项时，句子要变为No matter who sticks to his work，he will succeed one day.
6. D。句意：全家人都为简担心，因为没人知道她去哪里了。be aware of知道，为固定搭配；where引导的从句作介词of的宾语。
7. C。句意：让我大为吃惊的是，他不知道tell和ask的区别在哪。where引导宾语从句，并在从句中作状语。
8. B。句意： —我应该穿什么去参加他的婚礼? —你喜欢怎么穿就怎么穿。however无论怎样；若选C项，句子则变为：Dress in whatever you 1ike.
9. A。考查宾语从句。句意：当我走到柜台结账时，才发现身上带的钱不够付款，因此我只购买了必需的物品，把其余的放下了。____ I really needed为宾语从句，从句中的needed之后缺少宾语，因此空白处填what。
10. A。句意：当你重新写这个段落时，我建议你省略那些被认为没有必要的和有误导性的部分。what引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语。
11. D。句意：当到达发生地震的地方时，我们被领到无家可归的人们的住处。根据句意，此处应用where，引导名词性从句并在从句中作状语。
12. A。句意：我们是去还是留对我来说无所谓。whether...or...表示“是……还是……”。本句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是“whether we go or stay”。
13. A。此处whoever = anyone who引导主语从句，而whomever在句子中只能作宾语。no matter who只引导让步状语从句。
14.B。考查宾语从句。结合语义可知，这里。remind sb.后面接一个从句作直接宾语，表示时间，所以选when。注意he said是插入语，可将其去掉后再分析句子结构。
二、完形填空
1. D。联系下文a lot of time we run into situations where there is a 2 (language)barrier可知，公司多语言员工的构成成了问题，因此用case。
2. C。联系前文my company ranks in the top 10 among the most diverse companies in America可知，在工作中有时会遇到语言障碍。
3. B。联系下文while lifting something too 4 (heavy) for her可知，在上班的时候，她搬运很重的东西时不小心扭伤了手腕。
4. D。从本空前的twisted her wrist以及lifting推断：这件东西太沉了，造成了她手腕扭伤。
5. A。联系空前的But可知，尽管她懂得英语不多，“我”懂得西班牙语不多，但在交流上我们之间没有问题。
6. B。联系前文的twisted her wrist，显然她在工作中受伤了。
7. C。联系空前的first aid可知，作为一个运动员，“我”知道她需要简单的急救措施。
8. A。尽管不太理解“我”要采取的措施，但是她相信“我”要去帮她。
9. B。她把手臂伸给“我”，在医生到来之前“我”赶紧为她做了包扎。
10. D。联系下文的She went on to tell me that her doctor told her putting ice on her injury was a(n) 14 (good) thing可知，在“我”做了处理后，她去看了医生。
11. C。从空前的without a word以及下文的“ 12 (Thank)you for taking care of my arm when I got _____(hurt)”可知，“我”在吃早饭时她走了过来，一句话还没说她就抱住了“我”。
12. B。联系空后的for taking care of my arm可知，她感谢“我”及时对她的扭伤做了处理。
13. A。联系前文的one of my coworkers twisted her wrist可知，她受了伤。
14. C。联系空前的putting ice on her injury可知，医生说当时对她的扭伤进行冷敷是非常及时、恰当的。
15，D。听了她这番话，“我”才意识到自己不经意的举动竟然帮了她这么大的忙。
16. B。那天，“我”只是花了额外的一分钟时间帮助了她，但是却交了一个朋友。
17. A。联系前后文可知，此事之后，她对“我”很感激，我们交上了朋友。
18. A。联系前文可知，“我”不经意的一个举动就帮助了她，并且我们成了好朋友，因此“我”很感激这样的时刻。
19. C。联系空后的greetings and breakfast order可知，以后“我”与她互致问候，互相请对方吃早餐。
20. D。联系空后的what a difference a simple act of kindness makes to a person可知，人们不会料到小小的善良的举动会产生巨大的影响。
三、阅读理解
1. D。由最后一段第一句“Thank you, Cynthia Lord, for writing such a beautiful story that includes problems that kids these days actually face. ”可知D项正确。
2. C 推理判断题。由第二段可知没看这本书之前作者因为妹妹有自闭症，要配合她治疗、牺牲时间，而且担心朋友知道她妹妹后，会以为她是怪人，还觉得人人都不关心她，只关心她的妹妹。这些心理使得她“茫然、心烦和神经过敏”，在第一段作者非常形象地把自己比喻成“一个关在密封箱里找不到出路的人”。
3. A推理判断题。由第二段可知人人都问作者是不是朱丽娅的姐姐，让她觉得在大家都围着妹妹转的世界里自己什么都不是；可推知作者认为大家不关心她，因此A项正确。
4. B细节理解题。由第二段第一句可知B项正确。
四、短文改错
College students have a little ways to pay their college fees. Many students have their
few
parents to pay the fees. Some students may apply to a bank loan and others will try to find
for
part-time jobs in and out of the campus. Apart from this, many good student can win a
students
scholarship. By this way they can pay at least part of the fees. As to me, I will let my parents pay
In
half of their fees because they are ∧ rich enough. Beside my study, I will take up a part-time
my not Besides
job by teach some high school students math, physics, chemistry and English, as I’m very good
teaching
at these important subjects. Of course I will also work very hard at my lessons in order to I can
that
easily win a scholarship.
五、语法填空
(1)1. hurriedly 2. in 3. where 4. shocking 5. If
6. more 7. frustrations 8. will get 6. another 10. on
(2)1. designing 2. unfortunately 3. from 4. which 5. and
6. absorbed 7. in 8. that 9. an 10. contributions
六、书面表达
I think establishing trust with your parents is a major part of getting them to give you more privacy. Unless they know they can trust you to tell them the truth and stick to their rules, they won’t know they can keep you safe. It works like this: if you tell your dad you’re searching for some important information and then he finds out you’re playing computer games, he is not going to trust you the next time.
Building and keeping your parents’ trust by always sticking to your word will help you earn more freedom and privacy. If you’ve messed up in the past, start rebuilding the trust now. The more you show them that you’re playing by their rules, the more they’ll trust you, and the more privacy they’ll be willing to give you.
真题再现
1. The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but _______ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.
A. where B. whether C. that D. why
2. It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.
A. how B. which C. that D. what
3. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently.
A. why B. how C. that D. whether
4. We promise _____ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever
5. It doesn’t matter _____ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
A. how B. whether C. what D. why
6. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesn’t matter ____ you have lived there for a short or a long time.
A. why B. how C. whether D. when
7. It suddenly occurred to him ___ he had left his keys in the office.
A. whether B. where C. which D. that
8. The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _____ he could find about Mark Twain.
A. wherever B. however C. whatever D. whichever
9. As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _____ suits you best.
A. whatever B. whichever C. whenever D. wherever
1. B。首先把插入语generally speaking删掉。but后的并列分句中，whether he reaches these limits（作为句子主语）will depend on his environment.
2. D。此处it是形式主语，what引导的是主语从句，作真正的主语，what作do的宾语。句意：总统采取什么行动结束这次罢工一点也不清楚。
3. C。宾语从句不缺少成分用that引导。
4. C。首先本句考查的关键短语是promise sb. sth.（向某人承诺某事），本句指的是向参加聚会的人提供一个和电影明星合影的机会，不定式做chance的定语，然后就是参加聚会的任何人（whoever=anyone who）。
5. B。此处it是形式主语，后面whether...or…引导的主语从句是真正的主语，whether...or…意为：是…还是…都行。句意：在这个商店中用现金或信用卡支付都可以。
6. C。根据空后的or可知为“whether … or”短语。
7. D。it作形式主语，真正的主语为that he had left his keys in the office。且that在句中无意义，并不充当任何成分。
8. C。介词for后面加的是宾语从句，且从句中find缺少宾语，所以用whatever。
9. B。所填词引导的从句作动词choose的宾语，引导词在从句中做主语，意思是：无论哪件，选B。其余选项与句意不符。
知识讲解
主语从句和宾语从句的引导词
that和what的区别
从句中缺少主语时，常用what引导，也可用which表示选择，用who/whom/whoever指人。what引导主语从句、宾语从句等名词性从句时，表示“所……的(东西)”，并且在从句中充当句子成分。而that作为从属连词，引导主语从句、宾语从句时，其本身没有实际意义，不充当句子成分。that引导主语从句时不省略，引导宾语从句时一般可以省略，但有些情况不可省略。
That fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.
It is pretty well understood what controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.
A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do.
The reporter said (that) the UFO was travelling east to west when he saw it.
People have heard what the president has said; they are waiting to see what he will do.
if和whether的区别
主语从句(放在句首时)常由whether引导。作及物动词宾语时，用if/whether均可，但有区别；作介词宾语时只用whether；后面紧跟or not 时，只用whether。
Whether she will go home or not is unknown.
Whether we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided.
= It remains to be decided whether/if we shall raise ducks or geese.
但我们不能说If we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided.
I don’t care whether/ if he comes.
It depends on whether you can do the job well.
其他连接代词和连接副词的选用
连接代词（what, which, who, whom, whose）在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语；连接副词（when, where, why, how, whether, if等）在从句中作状语。无论是连接代词还是连接副词，都有各自的意义。
It matters little how a man dies, but what matters much is how he lives.
It was a matter of who would take the position.
No one can be sure what man will look like in a million years.
I have not been told where the meeting will be held.
He explained why he set off so early that day.
Whose girlfriend is the most beautiful is not the most important thing.
whoever与whatever，whichever的区别
whoever, whatever, whichever除了可以引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter who/ what/ which外，还可以引导名词从句。
whoever相当于anyone who，表明泛指关系，表示“任何……的人都，凡是……的人都”。
I hate whoever lies.
Whoever wins gets a prize.
whatever相当于anything that，表示“无论什么……”。
Whatever he thinks doesn't matter.
Whatever you want can be found here.
whichever意为“无论哪个，无论哪些”。既可指人，也可指物；既可单独使用，也可修饰名词，也可以跟of短语连用。
You can choose whichever you want.
Whichever of us gets home first starts cooking.
it作形式主语和形式宾语
从句在某个句子中作主语、宾语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语、宾语，而将真正的主语、宾语从句放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。
It was really surprising that she married a man like that.
It was reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami.
We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident.
I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs.
主语从句、宾语从句的句序
主语从句、宾语从句等名词性从句用陈述语序。
主语从句特别注意
It构成的主语从句
主语从句可以放在句子后面，而用it作形式主语放在句首，尤其是从属连词that引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中。这种句式主要有：
It is + adj. / n. +从句
It is a pity/shame that... 遗憾的是……
It is possible that... 很可能……
It is unlikely that... 不可能……
It is possible that he never intended to shoot her.
It is unlikely that she will come.
It is a shame that the rain spoiled our picnic.
It +不及物动词+从句
It seems/appears that... 似乎……
It happened that... 碰巧……
It appears that you are all mistaken.
It happened that the harvest was bad that year.
It + be +过去分词+从句
It is said that... 据说……
It is known to all that... 众所周知……
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is believed that... 据信……，人们相信……
It is suggested that... 有人建议……
It must be pointed out that... 必须指出……
It has been proved that... 已证明…….
It is reported that he is a scholar from New Zealand.
It has been proved that the practice can only do good.
It must be pointed out that some questions have yet to be clarified.
主语从句中的主谓一致关系
主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。
When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.
When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.
When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided. （has not ）
强调句型与带有it的主语从句的区别
强调句与主语从句虽然在形式上很相似，都含有It is/was... that...，但是它们有一个很重要的区别，强调句去掉It is /was...that之后，句子结构仍然完整，而主语从句却不能这样。
It is believed that at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed.
本句去掉“It is ...that”后，留下believed，以及that...从句，句子结构不完整，因此不是强调句型。
It is surprising that Mary should have won first place.
句中的It是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句。句中的It is和that无法删除,一旦删除句子就不成立。
It is Mary that has won first place.
本句是强调句型，其中的It is和that可以去掉，因为没有It is和that句子仍然很通顺.
宾语从句特别注意
【 宾语从句 】
如果宾语从句后有宾语补足语，要用形式宾语it，而将从句放到补足语后面。
I thought it strange that he didn’t pass the exam.
I’ve heard it said that you’ve won a scholarship.
I felt it important that you tell me the truth.
作介词的宾语
Did she say anything about how we should do the work?
Who is responsible for what has happened?
I was not moved by what he said.
that 引导的宾语从句只有在except, in, but, besides 等少数介词后用到。
Your article is good except that it is too long.
有时在介词和其宾语从句的中间加形式宾语it.
I’ll see to it that everything is ready.
You may depend on it that they will support you.
作形容词的宾语
I’m afraid that I have made a mistake.
I’m not sure if/whether I’m right.
She began to criticize what I had done.
其他几组宾语从句
He couldn’t express what he felt.
I will do whatever you wish.
Take whichever seat you like.
Give it to whomever you like.
Give it to whoever is responsible.
宾语从句的时态限制
宾语从句应同主句在谓语时态上保持一致。主句谓语是现在时，宾语从句的谓语可以是任意时态；主句谓语是过去时，宾语从句的谓语必须是过去的某种时态，（宾语是客观真理时则无此限制）。
She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.（从句是一般现在时）
She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.（从句是一般将来时）
She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. （从句是现在完成时）
He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.（从句是一般过去时）
He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby.（从句是过去将来时）
He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time.（从句是过去进行时）
The teacher told us (that) nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it. （从句为客观真理）
引导宾语从句的that何时不能省略
that引导宾语从句时，一般可以省略，但在下列情况下，引导宾语从句的常常不可省略。
1.介词except, but, besides, in等后跟that引导的宾语从句时。
The Swede stood quite still, except that his lips moved slightly.
2.That引导的宾语从句和主句之间有插入语时。
I think, first of all, that we must believe in ourselves.
3.宾语从句为主从复合句且从句位于主句之前时。
He said that if he came back early, he could come for the meeting.
4.当it作形式宾语，后接that引导的宾语从句时。
We took it for granted that they would accept the proposal.
5.当that引导的宾语从句后紧接着作主语的that (this)时，常不可省略。
He said that this was not his book, but his sister’s.
6.宾语从句不止一个时，第一个that 可以省略，而其它的that 常不可省略。
I think (that) it will clear up this afternoon and that they will come to say good-bye to us.
7.当when, who, what, where, why, how等引导的从句与that引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。
I know what the time is and that the wind remains low.
宾语从句否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。
I don’t think this dress fits you well.
巩固练习
一、单项选择
1. Is _____ Qinghai-Tibet Railway plays an important role in China's railway history the topic that you are coming to?
A. what B. it C. this D. that
2. Stage fright is a common example of _____ educators call a “lack of confidence’’ among students.
A. that B. what C. which D. whose
3. Tom eagerly finished up _____ was left of the chicken pie.
A. what B. which C. that D. as
4. It gives his life a flying start _____ he has gone abroad for further education.
A. what B. when C. that D. how
5.—I’m afraid I have to give it up.
—Remember _____ sticks to his work will succeed one day.
A. who B. anyone C. whoever D. no matter who
6. The whole family were worried about Jane because no one was aware _____ she had gone.
A. that where B. of the place which C. of what D. of where
7. What surprised me a lot was that he didn't know _____ the difference between “tell’ and “ask” lay.
A. what B. that C. where D. which
8.—what should 1 wear to attend his wedding party?
—Dress _____ you like.
A. what B. however C. whatever D. how
9. When I got to the checkout counter, I realized I didn’t have enough money, so I kept _____ I really needed and left the rest.
A. what B. which C. that D. this
10. When you rewrite the paragraph, I advise you to leave out _____ is thought unnecessary or misleading.
A. what B. that C. these D. which
11. Having arrived at the earthquake-stricken area, we were led to _____ the homeless people lived.
A. what B. in which C. that D. where
12. It makes little difference to me _____ we go or stay.
A. whether B. where C. that D. how
13. At the evening party the host said _____ was able to solve the riddle could get a nice present as a reward.
A. whoever B. who C. no matter who D. whomever
14. Please remind me he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.
A. where B. when C. how D. what
二、完形填空
My workplace is very diverse(多语言的), and as a matter of fact, my company ranks in the top 10 among the most diverse companies in America. With this being the 1 , a lot of time we run into situations where there is a 2 barrier.
Last week while I was 3 , one of my coworkers twisted her wrist while lifting something too 4 for her. She speaks little English and my Spanish needs much practice. But we have never had a problem in 5 .
When I ran into her shortly after her 6 . I took a look. With me being an athlete, I knew simple first aid was what she 7 . With little understanding of what I was doing, she 8 that I meant to help. So she handed me her arm and I 9 it up before she left to see her 10 .
Today she came up to me while I was getting my breakfast and without a word. she 11 me. When I asked her about the affection, she simply said, “ 12 you for taking care of my arm when I got 13 . ” She went on to tell me that her doctor told her putting ice on her injury was a(n) 14 thing. As she was telling me this, I saw how my random(随意的) act of 15 had had an impact on her. With me just taking a(n) 16 minute out of my day to help her, I made a(n) 17 . I was thankful to have such a(n) 18 because you see, this lady has served me breakfast every day for the last four years and I had never 19 more than greetings and breakfast orders with her.
You 20 know what a difference a simple act of kindness makes to a person.
1. A. agreement B. tradition C. appointment D. case
2. A. trade B. sound C. language D. culture
3. A. on holiday B. at work C. on business D. in debt
4. A. hot B. hard C. valuable D. heavy
5. A. communicating B. managing C. improving D. pronouncing
6. A. disease B. injury C. mistake D. failure
7. A. supplied B. accepted C. needed D. realized
8. A. believed B. proved C. admitted D. declared
9. A. picked B. wrapped C. gave D. fixed
10. A. employer B. conductor C. neighbor D. doctor
11. A. rewarded B. supported C. hugged D. protected
12. A. Prepare B. Thank C. Repay D. Forgive
13. A. hurt B. lost C. fired D. trapped
14. A. strange B. easy C. good D. difficult
15. A. pleasure B. humor C. interest D. kindness
16. A. new B. extra C. exact D. different
17. A. friend B. date C. attempt D. test
18. A. moment B. habit C. expression D. rule
19. A. ordered B. practiced C. exchanged D. repeated
20. A also B still C. sometimes D. never
三、阅读理解
Dear Cynthia Lord,
It often seems to me that nobody understands my problems, I am the only one in the world who has difficulties, and I am trapped in a cement box with no way out. Reading your book Rules helped me look at these situations in a different light.
Just like Catherine in Rules, I have a sibling with autism(自闭症). Just like Catherine, for pretty much all of my life, I have had to face therapy sessions(心理疗法), sacrifices, and being embarrassed to have my friends meet my sister, Julia. I was worried that Julia would make my friends think I was weird(古怪的). All the time, people of all ages would come up to me and ask me the same question：“Are you Julia’s older sister?” This really bothered me. I felt like a nobody in a world circulating around Julia. It seemed to me that I didn’t have my own identity. I told myself that I didn’t care, but I lied. Reading Rules helped me realize that I am not the only person in the world that has these kinds of problems.
No, the therapy won’t stop. No, I won’t ever stop sacrificing. But after reading your book, I realized that having Julia as a sister is amazing and I wouldn’t trade her for anything in the world. I realized that if my friends can’t accept my sister as she is, then they aren’t really my friends. But most importantly, I realized that I am my own person. My identity is not “Julia’s elder sister”；I am Caroline Hoskins. I am me.
Thank you, Cynthia Lord, for writing such a beautiful story that includes problems that kids these days actually face. You are an amazing author, and Rules is a simply wonderful story. It helped me through my problems, and I am positive that it helps kids all over the world every day.
Yours Truly,
Caroline Hoskins
1. The letter is written to ________.
A. the officials in the local government
B. the headmaster in her school
C. her best friends
D. Cynthia Lord who wrote Rules
2. The underlined sentence“I am trapped in a cement box with no way out”probably means ________.
A. the writer is in a dangerous situation because she is locked up in a box
B. the writer is lost and can’t find a way out
C. the writer is in a puzzled, upset and nervous situation
D. there is something that is difficult to solve
3. What can we learn from the second paragraph?
A. Caroline thought that she was not cared by the others.
B. Actually Caroline is younger than Julia.
C. Caroline is worried about Julia’s autism and she is happy to help her.
D. Caroline doesn’t care about what the other people think of her.
4. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Catherine in Rules has autism.
B. Catherine in Rules and Caroline both have a sibling with autism.
C. Caroline didn’t like making friends before reading the book.
D. Caroline has to accept therapy sessions for her autism.
四、短文改错
College students have a little ways to pay their college fees. Many students have their parents to pay the fees. Some students may apply to a bank loan and others will try to find part-time jobs in and out of the campus. Apart from this, many good student can win a scholarship. By this way they can pay at least part of the fees. As to me, I will let my parents pay half of their fees because they are rich enough. Beside my study, I will take up a part-time job by teach some high school students math, physics, chemistry and English, as I’m very good at these important subjects. Of course I will also work very hard at my lessons in order to I can easily win a scholarship.
五、语法填空
(1)
There was a woman who went to the airport 1 (hurry). She was so absorbed 2 her own thoughts that she was not aware they were going on a different route. Suddenly, a man went inside the cab and took her handbag 3 she placed her visa, passport, and all her money for the trip. She kept on thinking how unlucky she was to be in that situation. That very same night, she heard a piece of 4 (shock) news. Flight 230 crashed! It was the plane that she was supposed to board into. 5 she had not lost her precious belongings, she could have lost something far 6 important — her life!
Sometimes bad things really happen. We fail in our exams, or get rejected by others. There are times when nothing seems to go our way. So what do we do about it? We must take all these 7 (frustrate) out of our chest and start all over again with the consistent faith that we 8 (get) what are deserved(应得的).
If you failed in the exams, maybe you’d be more successful and much happier in 9 field. If you were rejected by your friend, there are plenty of others out there who are much more deserving of (值得的)your love and affection. Don’t waste your time and energy 10 things that can’t be changed.
(2)
Stephen Hawking, who is the most famous physicist, was born in Britain on January 8th, 1942. As a child, he was enthusiastic about 1 (design) complicated toys but 2 (fortune), in his twenties, he suffered 3 a disease that was impossible to be cured, 4 was a great challenge for him. However, not only was he positive about the misfortunes 5 eventually he defeated all the obstacles but also he was 6 (absorb) in his research in the universe. In 1988, his best-seller A Brief History of Time was published, 7 which he put forward the idea 8 time itself has a beginning, and that it will have 9 end. In conclusion, he has made outstanding 10 (contribute) to the fields of cosmology and quantum gravity.
六、书面表达
阅读下面一段话，请你以“建立与家长的互信”这一话题，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈你的看法。
“My parents are always coming into my room to check what I’m doing and it drives me crazy! When I escape to my room, it’s my time to relax. I want to shout: ‘Enough already! Leave me alone!’ ”
—Sara, aged 16
Do your parents check your tests? Snoop（窥探） through your room? Read your diary? If so, how can you convince them to give you more privacy（隐私权）you want and need? And give some advice to students like Sara. Give an example.
注意：1．短文应结合自身实际谈建议：
2．词数120左右，不必拟标题。
答案与解析
一、单项选择
1. D。句意：你要谈的是青藏铁路在中国铁路史上具有重要作用这一主题吗?that在此处引导主语从句，is为系动词，the topic为表语，topic后的that引导的是定语从句，修饰topic。变为陈述语序为：That Qinghai-Tibet Railway plays an important role in China's railway history is the topic that...
2. B。句意：怯场是教育者称之为学生们“缺乏自信”的例证中的一个很普遍的例子。what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作call的宾语。名词性从句中不缺成分时才能用that引导。
3. A。句意：汤姆很快地吃完了剩下的鸡肉派。本题考查名词性从句。finish up后跟的是宾语从句，该宾语从句缺少主语，故选A项。
4. C。句意：他出国深造使他的人生有了一个成功的开端。考查主语从句：it为真正的主语，从句结构和意义完整，所以用that作引导词。
5. C。句意：—恐怕我得放弃了。—记住：对工作坚持不懈的人终有一天会成功。whoever=anyone who，引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。A项who前缺少先行词；B项anyone后缺少引导词who(因为引导词在定语从句中作主语时不能省略)；选D项时，句子要变为No matter who sticks to his work，he will succeed one day.
6. D。句意：全家人都为简担心，因为没人知道她去哪里了。be aware of知道，为固定搭配；where引导的从句作介词of的宾语。
7. C。句意：让我大为吃惊的是，他不知道tell和ask的区别在哪。where引导宾语从句，并在从句中作状语。
8. B。句意： —我应该穿什么去参加他的婚礼? —你喜欢怎么穿就怎么穿。however无论怎样；若选C项，句子则变为：Dress in whatever you 1ike.
9. A。考查宾语从句。句意：当我走到柜台结账时，才发现身上带的钱不够付款，因此我只购买了必需的物品，把其余的放下了。____ I really needed为宾语从句，从句中的needed之后缺少宾语，因此空白处填what。
10. A。句意：当你重新写这个段落时，我建议你省略那些被认为没有必要的和有误导性的部分。what引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语。
11. D。句意：当到达发生地震的地方时，我们被领到无家可归的人们的住处。根据句意，此处应用where，引导名词性从句并在从句中作状语。
12. A。句意：我们是去还是留对我来说无所谓。whether...or...表示“是……还是……”。本句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是“whether we go or stay”。
13. A。此处whoever = anyone who引导主语从句，而whomever在句子中只能作宾语。no matter who只引导让步状语从句。
14.B。考查宾语从句。结合语义可知，这里。remind sb.后面接一个从句作直接宾语，表示时间，所以选when。注意he said是插入语，可将其去掉后再分析句子结构。
二、完形填空
1. D。联系下文a lot of time we run into situations where there is a 2 (language)barrier可知，公司多语言员工的构成成了问题，因此用case。
2. C。联系前文my company ranks in the top 10 among the most diverse companies in America可知，在工作中有时会遇到语言障碍。
3. B。联系下文while lifting something too 4 (heavy) for her可知，在上班的时候，她搬运很重的东西时不小心扭伤了手腕。
4. D。从本空前的twisted her wrist以及lifting推断：这件东西太沉了，造成了她手腕扭伤。
5. A。联系空前的But可知，尽管她懂得英语不多，“我”懂得西班牙语不多，但在交流上我们之间没有问题。
6. B。联系前文的twisted her wrist，显然她在工作中受伤了。
7. C。联系空前的first aid可知，作为一个运动员，“我”知道她需要简单的急救措施。
8. A。尽管不太理解“我”要采取的措施，但是她相信“我”要去帮她。
9. B。她把手臂伸给“我”，在医生到来之前“我”赶紧为她做了包扎。
10. D。联系下文的She went on to tell me that her doctor told her putting ice on her injury was a(n) 14 (good) thing可知，在“我”做了处理后，她去看了医生。
11. C。从空前的without a word以及下文的“ 12 (Thank)you for taking care of my arm when I got _____(hurt)”可知，“我”在吃早饭时她走了过来，一句话还没说她就抱住了“我”。
12. B。联系空后的for taking care of my arm可知，她感谢“我”及时对她的扭伤做了处理。
13. A。联系前文的one of my coworkers twisted her wrist可知，她受了伤。
14. C。联系空前的putting ice on her injury可知，医生说当时对她的扭伤进行冷敷是非常及时、恰当的。
15，D。听了她这番话，“我”才意识到自己不经意的举动竟然帮了她这么大的忙。
16. B。那天，“我”只是花了额外的一分钟时间帮助了她，但是却交了一个朋友。
17. A。联系前后文可知，此事之后，她对“我”很感激，我们交上了朋友。
18. A。联系前文可知，“我”不经意的一个举动就帮助了她，并且我们成了好朋友，因此“我”很感激这样的时刻。
19. C。联系空后的greetings and breakfast order可知，以后“我”与她互致问候，互相请对方吃早餐。
20. D。联系空后的what a difference a simple act of kindness makes to a person可知，人们不会料到小小的善良的举动会产生巨大的影响。
三、阅读理解
1. D。由最后一段第一句“Thank you, Cynthia Lord, for writing such a beautiful story that includes problems that kids these days actually face. ”可知D项正确。
2. C 推理判断题。由第二段可知没看这本书之前作者因为妹妹有自闭症，要配合她治疗、牺牲时间，而且担心朋友知道她妹妹后，会以为她是怪人，还觉得人人都不关心她，只关心她的妹妹。这些心理使得她“茫然、心烦和神经过敏”，在第一段作者非常形象地把自己比喻成“一个关在密封箱里找不到出路的人”。
3. A推理判断题。由第二段可知人人都问作者是不是朱丽娅的姐姐，让她觉得在大家都围着妹妹转的世界里自己什么都不是；可推知作者认为大家不关心她，因此A项正确。
4. B细节理解题。由第二段第一句可知B项正确。
四、短文改错
College students have a little ways to pay their college fees. Many students have their
few
parents to pay the fees. Some students may apply to a bank loan and others will try to find
for
part-time jobs in and out of the campus. Apart from this, many good student can win a
students
scholarship. By this way they can pay at least part of the fees. As to me, I will let my parents pay
In
half of their fees because they are ∧ rich enough. Beside my study, I will take up a part-time
my not Besides
job by teach some high school students math, physics, chemistry and English, as I’m very good
teaching
at these important subjects. Of course I will also work very hard at my lessons in order to I can
that
easily win a scholarship.
五、语法填空
(1)1. hurriedly 2. in 3. where 4. shocking 5. If
6. more 7. frustrations 8. will get 6. another 10. on
(2)1. designing 2. unfortunately 3. from 4. which 5. and
6. absorbed 7. in 8. that 9. an 10. contributions
六、书面表达
I think establishing trust with your parents is a major part of getting them to give you more privacy. Unless they know they can trust you to tell them the truth and stick to their rules, they won’t know they can keep you safe. It works like this: if you tell your dad you’re searching for some important information and then he finds out you’re playing computer games, he is not going to trust you the next time.
Building and keeping your parents’ trust by always sticking to your word will help you earn more freedom and privacy. If you’ve messed up in the past, start rebuilding the trust now. The more you show them that you’re playing by their rules, the more they’ll trust you, and the more privacy they’ll be willing to give you.