北师大版高中英语高考总复习：36总复习：表语从句、同位语从句
文档属性
| 名称 | 北师大版高中英语高考总复习：36总复习：表语从句、同位语从句 |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 41.4KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | |||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2019-12-08 11:24:34 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
高考总复习：表语从句及同位语从句
真题再现
1. （2019安徽模拟）A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ______ ships are built for.
A. what B. whom C. why D. when
2. I made a promise to myself _______ this year, my first year in high school, would be different.
A. whether B. what C. that D. how
3. The notice came around two in the afternoon _____ the meeting would be postponed.
A. when B. that C. whether D. how
4. Modern science has given clear evidence ____________smoking can lead to many diseases.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
5. I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is______ her never finishes anything.
A. that B. when C. where D. why
6. I’d like to start my own business—that’s ________ I’d do if I had the money.
A. why B. when C. which D. what
7. —I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.
—That’s _______ I don’t agree. You should have a more active life.
A. where B. how C. when D. what
8. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was ______ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.
A. what B. that C. why D. whether
1. A。分析句子结构可知，从句在be动词后，为表语从句，并且表语从句缺介词for的宾语，填入连接代词what。
2.C。that引导同位语从句，在从句中不做句子成分，补充说明同位语promise的内容。
3. B。句意为：会议将被延期的通知大约下午两点钟来。空格后的句子是解释说明名词the notice，作同位语从句，在从句中不做任何成分，所以用that引导。
4. C。题意：抽烟会导致多种疾病，对此现代科学已经给出了明确的证据。本题考查同位语从句。evidence后的从句说明的是其具体内容，从句中不缺少句子成分，故用that引导同位语从句。 其他三项引导同位语从句都要在从句中作成分。
5. D。本题考查表语从句的连接词。句意：我觉得与其说他是个实干家不如说他是个空谈家，这就是为什么他从来不会完成任何事情的原因。分析句子结构可知，which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代前面的整个句子he’s more of a talker than a doer；在定语从句中，is后面为表语从句，由句意可知which指代的内容是表语从句内容的原因，故用why引导表语从句。
6. D。分析句子结构，that’s后面所带从句为表语从句；再看从句中do为及物动词，需要填入宾语，故填入连接代词what。
7. A。“这就是我不同意的地方。”agree是不及物动词，所以用where引导表语从句。
8. B。从句不缺成分，因此用that来引导。句意：狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说《大卫·科波菲尔》的部分原因是小说创作非常贴近他本人的真实生活。
知识讲解
表语从句的连接词判断
表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语，说明主语是什么或者怎么样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。
连接表语从句的连接词有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether, how, as, as if, as though, because也可引导表语从句。
The problem is how we can get the things we need.
The scissors are not what I need.
【 表语从句 】
表语从句一般位于连系动词（如be，seem，remain等后）。
The fact is that she never liked him.
My point is that you have to face the problem.
The question is whether we should accept their invitation.
The city is no longer what it used to be.
That’s where the battle took place.
The question is who’s responsible for what has happened.
The reason why he was absent was that he was ill.
as if引导的表语从句有时可用虚拟语气，表示可能性小。
He acted as if he hadn’t eaten for a long time.
It looks as if it is going to rain.
表示建议、命令、要求一类的表语从句要用虚拟语气。
My suggestion is that you should practice reading English every day.
The order is that you stay where you are.
His request is that his brother play with him.
The requirement is that you should not smoke in that school.
表语从句重点句型
“That is why...”是常用句型， 意为“这就是……的原因”，其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语，该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结。
That is why I came.
That's why he got angry with me. （That's why…强调结果）
because引导的表语从句强调原因。
That's because he didn't understand me.（That's because…强调原因）
what引导的主语从句表示结果或名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不宜用because。
The reason why I was sad was that he didn't understand me.
What I told him yesterday was that he had been promoted as the manager of the company.
同位语从句的连接词
当名词后面所接的从句表示与名词同位并为名词的实际内容时，这个从句就是同位语从句。
The news that China will host the 2022 Olympic Winter Games excites us all.
同位语中应注意：
1. 高中所学能带同位语从句的名词不多，常见的有：answer, belief, conclusion, decision, discovery, doubt, explanation, fact, hope, idea, information, knowledge, law, message, news, opinion, order, possibility, problem, promise, proof, proposal, question, report, risk, rumor, story, suggestion, truth, theory, thought, wish, word等。
He sent us a message that he won’t come next week.
There is no doubt that he is fit for this job.
2. 表示“命令、建议、要求” advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish 等名词的同位语，须用虚拟语气。
Soon came the order that all the people should obey the rules.
同位语从句常用句型
The news comes that...
Word comes that...
The story goes that...
Here is the fact that...
I have no idea what / when / how / where...
We are faced with the problem that/ whether/ when/ how...
We still hold the belief that...
There is little hope that...
Is there any possibility that...?
同位语从句与定语从句的区别?
定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特征。同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。
The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.?
（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）?
The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.?
（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）?
引导名词性从句的that和what的区别
that 引导名词性从句时，在从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义，只起连接作用, 且在宾语从句中有时可省略；而what引导名词性从句时，在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。
That he said so made us angry.
What he said at the meeting made us angry.
China is no longer what it used to be.
名词性从句的解题规律
四种名词性从句都需要有一个连接性词在从句的开头。这个词是什么性质，要看它在从句中所作的成分，如果作的是主语、宾语、表语的话，这个词就是连接代词；如果作的是各种状语，就叫连接副词；如果不作任何成分，就叫连接词。
连接词：that, if, whether
连接代词：who, whom, what, whose, which, whichever, whatever, whoever
连接副词：when, where, how, why
解题步骤：
1. 根据选项特点、句子结构判断从句类型；
2. 分析从句结构是否完整，成分残缺，选连接代词；成分完整，选连接副词。
从句事实确定→ that;
不确定→ whether/ if
强调时间→ when/ whenever
强调程度修饰a./ adv → how/ however
强调地点→ where/ wherever
强调原因→ why
从句缺定语→what/ whose
物→ what
人→ who/ whom/ whoever/ whomever
有指定范围→ which/ whichever
缺宾语时，若表示“来自于何处？” → where
巩固练习
一、单项选择
1. The problem will appear _____ a different welfare system will be created.
A. unless B. whether C. until D. if
2. The Green Corporation donated the property to the state of California, with one condition _____ the Green family would be allowed to use it when they wished.
A. what B. which C. when D. that
3. —You know, I’ poor in Chinese, you are not good at English. and...
—That’s _____ we should help each other.
A. when B. where C. how D. what
4. Water, which seems so simple and common, is _____ makes life possible.
A. what B. that C. which D. how
5. The senior three students in our school received word last week ________ some excellent students had been admitted to Peking University without taking the exam.
A. that B. which C. how D. what
6. Are you certain that this is _____ in his speech?
A. as Premier Wen stressed B. how Premier Wen stressed
C. that Premier Wen has stressed D. what Premier Wen has stressed
7. The old man told us not to remain _____ there was danger.
A. in which B. the place where C. at the place D. where
二、完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）选出可以填入空白的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Yesterday, our teacher asked us when a man could be referred as an old man. David stood up and said people with wrinkles could be called old people. However, Mary didn’t 1 , for some people may gain wrinkles at an earlier age owing to their 2 work. Then Lily expressed her idea that those reaching their 60s or more could be called old people. This time, Emily expressed her 3 that some old people may still be energetic and trying to pursue their dreams, which makes them appear 4 . The class was over and we still didn’t reach any 5 , so the teacher asked us to think about it after class.
The 6 has reminded me of the saying of J. Barrymore that a man isn’t old as long as he is 7 something.
My grandma is such a woman who pursues her dream 8 when she’s 70 now. She has __9__ her dream of being a painter since she was a little child. 10 , because her family was poor, she had to 11 her dream and stepped into the 12 to raise money so as to support her family. Though she has 13 abandoned her dream, she could hardly find any 14 to realize it because of the tough work. 15 , chance came when she retired from her work. She began taking her painting lessons 16 she had all-white hair and lots of wrinkles. At first, I was 17 her idea of attending school at so old an age, but after seeing her paint happily and enjoyably, I 18 feeling it a good choice. She seems energetic and 19 fine.
So if we have our dreams and seek for them, we aren’t old. It’s when we don’t know what we want and let 20 be the center point of our lives that we can finally be regarded as the old.
1. A. respond B. agree C. identify D. understand
2. A. negative B. boring C. tough D. challenging
3. A. certainty B. wish C. theory D. doubt
4. A. attractive B. young C. intelligent D. ambitious
5. A. conclusion B. contract C. decision D. destination
6. A: embarrassment B. obstacle C. question D. confusion
7. A. preserving B. seeking C. treasuring D. possessing
8. A. even B. nearly C. only D. hardly
9. A. realized B. changed C. promoted D. kept
10. A. However B. Instead C. Moreover D. Therefore
11. A. give up B. search for C. put aside D. stick to
12. A. reality B. society C. world D. nature
13. A. seldom B. occasionally C. already D. never
14. A. time B. energy C. help D. money
15. A. Suddenly B. Finally C. Soon D. Fortunately
16. A. because B. once C. though D. unless
17. A. against B. for C. at D. with
18. A. risked B. rejected C. continued D. began
19. A. feels B. proves C. looks D. grows
20. A. achievements B. regrets C. dreams D. difficulties
三、阅读理解
A (2019衡水 金榜大联考)
Fort Scott High School English teacher Emily Rountree has been working this semester to raise money for Charity Water, a nonprofit organization, which uses 100 percent of public donations to help fund water projects in places without access to clean drinking water. Her goal was to motivate her students to use their writing in class to make a real world difference. Twelve students got top grades on the project and their articles will be published in the Tribune and online. The money from their writing is of great help.
"Did you know that there are many countries around the world that don't have access to safe drinking water? Just think, that could be your someone in your family. In my English three classes, we are trying to raise money for Charity Water. Charity Water is an organization that helps people get water in countries where there is no safe drinking water", said Tanner Johnson, a student attending Fort Scott High School. In Africa alone, people spend 40 billion hour every year just walking for water .Women and children are the ones that mainly do the walking. They could be attacked, or get hurt. Whenever they get home the water that they have brought home is unsafe water that has been in swamps, ponds, or rivers. If they had safe drinking water they wouldn’t have that to worry about and they wouldn't be wasting hours of their day. Unsafe drinking water causes many different kinds of diseases that could lead to death.
You could help save someone's life by donating $ 20 so you could help get them some safe drinking water. You can easily donate online at mycharitywater/org/fshsenglish, or you can send a check payable to Fort Scott High School to Emily Rountree. If you don't help these people then who will?
1. Emily Rountree is working for Charity water ____.
A. to set up a nonprofit organization about water
B. to help discover where clean drinking water is
C. to find access to using the public donations
D. to encourage her students to help those in need
2. How can the students bring differences to the world?
A. By donating all their pocket money.
B. By collecting money in their spare time.
C. By giving away their money from writing.
D. By conducting themselves well in class.
3. What does the third paragraph imply?
A. Africa is lacking in water resources.
B. Women do nothing but getting water.
C. People in Africa live a hard life.
D. Rivers in Africa have been polluted.
4.1t can be inferred from the last paragraph that ____.
A. only a few people participate in the donation
B. it is easy to lend a hand to those in need
C. staff at the website will collect money
D. it is convenient to pay off your check
B. (2019衡水中学一模) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Stay on the brighter side of life
One very important component of optimism is gratitude or feeling grateful. In fact, there is a strong connection between a grateful attitude and a heightened sense of well-being. Appreciate all the positives in your life by starting a gratitude journal in order to remember what you’re grateful for. 1
Feeling down? Instead of feeling sorry for yourself waiting for the universe to throw you a bone, try acting like you' re happy-even if you aren't. A sincere smile and a forced smile will cause the same chemical reactions in your brain, so you can actually fool your mind into feeling better by making it react chemically as if things were going well. 2 Reassure yourself that everything is good- even if you don't feel it.
“ 3 If you're stuck in traffic, then everything else must be going horribly, too," says Anne Parker, a wellness counselor. By blowing negative events out of proportion, you’re setting yourself up for feeling down all day. Instead, acknowledge that you're stuck in traffic, but also bring to mind something good, like the beautiful scenery outside the window. That way, you'll get in the habit of forbidding negative circumstances from blanketing your whole day.
Swearing to lose 20 pounds or to run a marathon seems like goals leading to happiness, but they take time to achieve. 4 You may even end up admitting that you have been defeated. However, if you focus on the small milestones that occur along the way, you will feel positive about your progress, which will give you the strength to keep going.
5 Try making someone else's day better. A report by United Healthcare and Volunteer Match found that volunteers are 72% more likely to characterize themselves as optimistic compared with non volunteers. Plus, 89% of volunteers say that volunteering has improved their sense of well - being, and 92% say that it enriches their sense of purpose in life.
A. Try to help someone in need.
B. Want to give your attitude a lift?
C. People tend to think in an either - or way.
D. Act in an optimistic way-smile, laugh, tell a joke.
E. You'll fail to appreciate more important things in your life.
F. By focusing on not having accomplished them yet, you will start to feel down on yourself.
G. By remembering the pleasant things in your life, you can actually turn a negative attitude around.
四、短文改错
We often think insects to be harmless. This is partly true. Many an insect are harmful. Flies carry diseases. Others insects carry diseases, too. Farmers are at war with insects most the time. Hunger insects kill crops in the fields. Farmers spray the field as to get rid of these insects. Does this means that all insects are harmful? No. Many are of great helpful to man. Bees make honey. With bees and other insects, many trees would have not fruit. Silkworms make silk. Some insects eat other insects that kill fruit trees.
五、语法填空
（2019衡水中学一模）用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空，每空1词。
A boy trembled in the cold winter, 1 (wrap) his arms around himself on a bus stop bench. He 2 (wear) warm clothes and the temperature was - l0 C. A heartbreaking scene! But the good deeds of the ordinary people who witnessed 3 11-year–old Johannes were both joyous 4 inspiring. A woman, sitting next to the boy, discovered he was 5 a school trip and was told to meet his teacher at the bus stop. She 6 (self) covered her own coat around his shoulders. Later, 7 woman at first gave him her scarf, and then wrapped him in her large jacket. Throughout the day, more and more people offered Johannes their gloves and even the coats off their backs. 8 (actual), it was a hidden camera experiment by Norwegian charity SOS Children's Village as part of their winter campaign to collect 9 (donate) to help Syrian children get through the winter. Synne Ronning, the information head of the organization, also noted that the child was a volunteer who was never in any 10 (dangerous) during the filming.
答案与解析
一、单项选择
1. B。句意：是否创建一种不同福利制度的问题将会出现。whether引导同位语从句，解释说明the problem的内容。if也有“是否”之意，但不能引导同位语从句。
2. D。句意：格林公司把这片地产捐赠给了加州政府，唯一的条件是格林家族在需要时可以使用它。condition后面接的是同位语从句，从句中不缺成分，因此用连接词that。
3. B。where引导的从句作表语，where在句中的意思是“……的地方”。
4. A。 名词性从句的解题原则是“缺什么补什么”，此处表语从句“_____ makes life possible”中缺少主语，同时主语不表示“人”，用what(表示人时应该选用who或者whom)，所以选A项。
5. A。word在此意为“消息”，空后对word的具体内容进行说明，是它的同位语从句，故用that引导。
6. D。句意：你确定这就是温总理在他的讲话中所强调的吗?考查what引导的表语从句。what在从句中作has stressed的宾语。A项as Premier Wen stressed属于定语从句句式，意为“正如温总理所强调的”。B、C两项的连接词不符合句意，故D项为正确答案。
7. D。句意：这位老人告诉我们不要在有危险的地方逗留。考查表语从句。where引导表语从句并在从句中作地点状语。这句话还可以写成：The old man to1d us not to remain m the place where there was danger.故选D项。
二、完形填空
1. B。大卫说有皱纹的人可谓老人，但玛丽认为“some people may gain wrinkles at an earlier age”由此可知她并不赞成大卫的说法，故选B项。
2. C。根据生活常识可知，艰苦工作易使人有皱纹，而且下文介绍我奶奶的故事的时候，文中“she could hardly find any 14 to realize it because of the tough work ”有“tough work”的提示。由此判断选C项。
3. D。莉莉说60或60岁以上的人可谓老人，但艾米丽认为“some old people may still be energetic and trying to pursue their dreams”，即她对莉莉的观点也表示怀疑。由此可推断选D项。
4. B。结合语境可判断，此空应与“some old people”相对应，即老人“be energetic and trying to pursue their dreams”使他们显得年轻。故选B项。
5. A。根据“so the teacher asked us to think about it after class”可推断对老师的提问未达成一致观点，故选A项。
6. C。根据语境可知，此空应指老师的提问“when a man could be referred as an old man”，由此判断选C项。
7. B。下文奶奶的故事就说明了这么一个道理，即“a man isn’t old as long as he is 7 something”再根据下文“My grandma is such a woman who pursues her dream 8 when she’s 70 now. ”和“So if we have our dreams and seek for them, we aren’t old. ”故可综合判断选B项。
8. A。由上下文语境可知，即使当奶奶70岁了，她还有自己追求的梦想。even when意为“即使当……的时候”，符合语境，故选A项。
9. D。由上下文可知，奶奶想当画家的梦想从孩提时代到70岁的高龄一直没有放弃过，即一直保持着这个梦想，故选D项。
10. A。奶奶尽管一直保持着这份梦想，然而因为家里穷，她不得不将自己的梦想搁置在一旁。前后是转折关系，故选A项。
11. C。根据“stepped into the 12 to raise money so as to support her family”再结合奶奶一直未放弃其梦想可推断奶奶是将其梦想暂时搁置在一旁。put aside意为“将……搁置在一旁”，符合语境，故选C项。
12. B。由下文“I was 17 her idea of attending school at so old an age”可知，奶奶要想成为画家就必须上学，而奶奶却选择退学，走人社会去赚钱养家。由此语境判断选B项。
13. D。根据“My grandma is such a woman who pursues her dream 8 when she's 70 now”可知奶奶从来没有放弃过她的梦想，故选D项。
14. A。根据“ 15 ，chance came when she retired from her work. ”可推断，奶奶退休以后才有时间学画画，即奶奶是因为没有时间才一直未实现她的梦想。故选A项。
15. B。奶奶年轻的时候就将其梦想暂时搁置在一旁，直到退休才有时间去实现梦想，这是一段多么漫长的时间，故此处田“终于（finally）”最符合语境. 即选B项.
16. C。根据前后的让步转折关系可判断选C项。
17. A。根据“…but after seeing her paint happily and enjoyably, I 18 feeling it a good choice. ”可知起初我反对奶奶的想法，故选A项。 .
18. D。由原来的反对，到后来的同意，可判断选D项，即；“开始觉得奶奶的选择是对的”。
19. C。根据“seems energetic”可知，此处指奶奶看上去很精神，而不是说奶奶自己感到有精神。由此判断选C项。
20. B。全文最后两句互为对应，由此对应关系可推断此句意为“当我们不知道自己的追求而让遗憾成为生活的中心的时候，我们才算‘老’”。由此判断选B项。
三、阅读理解
A篇. 在发展中国家，还有7.8亿人得不到干净的饮用水。伸出你的手，捐出20美元帮助全世界那些缺乏干净饮用水的人们。
1. D。细节理解题。文章第一段第二句提到：老师的目的是激励她的学生在课堂上用他们的文章给世界带来变化。
2.C。细节理解题。根据文章第一段尾句：学生在老师的鼓励下开始写作，他们的文章已经发表，他们捐出所得的稿费帮助这项慈善事业。
3. C。推理判断题。第三段谈到非洲人们很难得到洁净的饮用水，取水是费时费力的事。
4. B。推理判断题。文章结尾谈到捐出二十美元就可以拯救一个人，是举手之劳。
B篇. 本文主要讲如何保持积极的生活态度。
1.G 第一段讲的是要记住一些愉快的事来获得幸福感，所以选G
2.D第二段讲到即使有不愉快的事，也可以通过调整心态来获得愉悦感,故选D项。
3.C第三段用堵车时应该选择什么样的心态来告诉人们在遇到不愉快的事时，应学会选择，第一句是总括
4.F根据此空后一句You may even end up admitting that you have been defeated. However, if you focus on the small milestones that occur along the way, you will feel positive about your progress, which will give you the strength to keep going.可知集中于你不能完成的事情，你会感到失落，故选F项。
5.B最后一段讲的是如何提升幸福感的方法，就是做志愿者帮助别人，故选B项。
四、短文改错
We often think insects to be harmless. This is partly true. Many an insect are harmful. Flies
harmful is
carry diseases. Others insects carry diseases, too. Farmers are at war with insects most ∧ the
Other of
time. Hunger insects kill crops in the fields. Farmers spray the field as to get rid of these insects.
Hungry
Does this means that all insects are harmful? No. Many are of great helpful to man. Bees make
mean help
honey. With bees and other insects, many trees would have not fruit. Silkworms make silk. Some
Without no
insects eat other insects that kill fruit trees.
五、语法填空
本文讲述一个小男孩在寒冷的天气中现身说法号召人们帮助叙利亚儿童度过冬天进行捐献。
1. wrapping 句意：一个小男孩在寒冷的冬天发抖，抱着胳膊坐在公交车站台的椅子上。Wrapping表示伴随状语。
2. wasn’t wearing 句意：他穿得不暖和。根据语境可知用现在进行时。
3. the 句意：但是普通人看到11岁的Johannes的善行是即让人快乐又让人欣慰，表示特指这个11岁的孩子，故用the.
4. and joyous 与inspiring是并列，故用and.
5. on be on a trip ……的旅行。
6. selflessly 句意：她无私地用自己的衣服盖在他的身上。selflessly用来修饰covered。
7. another 句意：后来，另外一位女士给了他围巾，用她的夹克包住了他。
8. Actually 副词actually实际上，在句中做状语，修饰整个句子
9. donations collect donations收集捐献物；
10. danger in danger处在危险中；
真题再现
1. （2019安徽模拟）A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ______ ships are built for.
A. what B. whom C. why D. when
2. I made a promise to myself _______ this year, my first year in high school, would be different.
A. whether B. what C. that D. how
3. The notice came around two in the afternoon _____ the meeting would be postponed.
A. when B. that C. whether D. how
4. Modern science has given clear evidence ____________smoking can lead to many diseases.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
5. I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is______ her never finishes anything.
A. that B. when C. where D. why
6. I’d like to start my own business—that’s ________ I’d do if I had the money.
A. why B. when C. which D. what
7. —I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.
—That’s _______ I don’t agree. You should have a more active life.
A. where B. how C. when D. what
8. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was ______ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.
A. what B. that C. why D. whether
1. A。分析句子结构可知，从句在be动词后，为表语从句，并且表语从句缺介词for的宾语，填入连接代词what。
2.C。that引导同位语从句，在从句中不做句子成分，补充说明同位语promise的内容。
3. B。句意为：会议将被延期的通知大约下午两点钟来。空格后的句子是解释说明名词the notice，作同位语从句，在从句中不做任何成分，所以用that引导。
4. C。题意：抽烟会导致多种疾病，对此现代科学已经给出了明确的证据。本题考查同位语从句。evidence后的从句说明的是其具体内容，从句中不缺少句子成分，故用that引导同位语从句。 其他三项引导同位语从句都要在从句中作成分。
5. D。本题考查表语从句的连接词。句意：我觉得与其说他是个实干家不如说他是个空谈家，这就是为什么他从来不会完成任何事情的原因。分析句子结构可知，which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代前面的整个句子he’s more of a talker than a doer；在定语从句中，is后面为表语从句，由句意可知which指代的内容是表语从句内容的原因，故用why引导表语从句。
6. D。分析句子结构，that’s后面所带从句为表语从句；再看从句中do为及物动词，需要填入宾语，故填入连接代词what。
7. A。“这就是我不同意的地方。”agree是不及物动词，所以用where引导表语从句。
8. B。从句不缺成分，因此用that来引导。句意：狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说《大卫·科波菲尔》的部分原因是小说创作非常贴近他本人的真实生活。
知识讲解
表语从句的连接词判断
表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语，说明主语是什么或者怎么样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。
连接表语从句的连接词有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether, how, as, as if, as though, because也可引导表语从句。
The problem is how we can get the things we need.
The scissors are not what I need.
【 表语从句 】
表语从句一般位于连系动词（如be，seem，remain等后）。
The fact is that she never liked him.
My point is that you have to face the problem.
The question is whether we should accept their invitation.
The city is no longer what it used to be.
That’s where the battle took place.
The question is who’s responsible for what has happened.
The reason why he was absent was that he was ill.
as if引导的表语从句有时可用虚拟语气，表示可能性小。
He acted as if he hadn’t eaten for a long time.
It looks as if it is going to rain.
表示建议、命令、要求一类的表语从句要用虚拟语气。
My suggestion is that you should practice reading English every day.
The order is that you stay where you are.
His request is that his brother play with him.
The requirement is that you should not smoke in that school.
表语从句重点句型
“That is why...”是常用句型， 意为“这就是……的原因”，其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语，该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结。
That is why I came.
That's why he got angry with me. （That's why…强调结果）
because引导的表语从句强调原因。
That's because he didn't understand me.（That's because…强调原因）
what引导的主语从句表示结果或名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不宜用because。
The reason why I was sad was that he didn't understand me.
What I told him yesterday was that he had been promoted as the manager of the company.
同位语从句的连接词
当名词后面所接的从句表示与名词同位并为名词的实际内容时，这个从句就是同位语从句。
The news that China will host the 2022 Olympic Winter Games excites us all.
同位语中应注意：
1. 高中所学能带同位语从句的名词不多，常见的有：answer, belief, conclusion, decision, discovery, doubt, explanation, fact, hope, idea, information, knowledge, law, message, news, opinion, order, possibility, problem, promise, proof, proposal, question, report, risk, rumor, story, suggestion, truth, theory, thought, wish, word等。
He sent us a message that he won’t come next week.
There is no doubt that he is fit for this job.
2. 表示“命令、建议、要求” advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish 等名词的同位语，须用虚拟语气。
Soon came the order that all the people should obey the rules.
同位语从句常用句型
The news comes that...
Word comes that...
The story goes that...
Here is the fact that...
I have no idea what / when / how / where...
We are faced with the problem that/ whether/ when/ how...
We still hold the belief that...
There is little hope that...
Is there any possibility that...?
同位语从句与定语从句的区别?
定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特征。同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。
The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.?
（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）?
The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.?
（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）?
引导名词性从句的that和what的区别
that 引导名词性从句时，在从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义，只起连接作用, 且在宾语从句中有时可省略；而what引导名词性从句时，在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。
That he said so made us angry.
What he said at the meeting made us angry.
China is no longer what it used to be.
名词性从句的解题规律
四种名词性从句都需要有一个连接性词在从句的开头。这个词是什么性质，要看它在从句中所作的成分，如果作的是主语、宾语、表语的话，这个词就是连接代词；如果作的是各种状语，就叫连接副词；如果不作任何成分，就叫连接词。
连接词：that, if, whether
连接代词：who, whom, what, whose, which, whichever, whatever, whoever
连接副词：when, where, how, why
解题步骤：
1. 根据选项特点、句子结构判断从句类型；
2. 分析从句结构是否完整，成分残缺，选连接代词；成分完整，选连接副词。
从句事实确定→ that;
不确定→ whether/ if
强调时间→ when/ whenever
强调程度修饰a./ adv → how/ however
强调地点→ where/ wherever
强调原因→ why
从句缺定语→what/ whose
物→ what
人→ who/ whom/ whoever/ whomever
有指定范围→ which/ whichever
缺宾语时，若表示“来自于何处？” → where
巩固练习
一、单项选择
1. The problem will appear _____ a different welfare system will be created.
A. unless B. whether C. until D. if
2. The Green Corporation donated the property to the state of California, with one condition _____ the Green family would be allowed to use it when they wished.
A. what B. which C. when D. that
3. —You know, I’ poor in Chinese, you are not good at English. and...
—That’s _____ we should help each other.
A. when B. where C. how D. what
4. Water, which seems so simple and common, is _____ makes life possible.
A. what B. that C. which D. how
5. The senior three students in our school received word last week ________ some excellent students had been admitted to Peking University without taking the exam.
A. that B. which C. how D. what
6. Are you certain that this is _____ in his speech?
A. as Premier Wen stressed B. how Premier Wen stressed
C. that Premier Wen has stressed D. what Premier Wen has stressed
7. The old man told us not to remain _____ there was danger.
A. in which B. the place where C. at the place D. where
二、完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）选出可以填入空白的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Yesterday, our teacher asked us when a man could be referred as an old man. David stood up and said people with wrinkles could be called old people. However, Mary didn’t 1 , for some people may gain wrinkles at an earlier age owing to their 2 work. Then Lily expressed her idea that those reaching their 60s or more could be called old people. This time, Emily expressed her 3 that some old people may still be energetic and trying to pursue their dreams, which makes them appear 4 . The class was over and we still didn’t reach any 5 , so the teacher asked us to think about it after class.
The 6 has reminded me of the saying of J. Barrymore that a man isn’t old as long as he is 7 something.
My grandma is such a woman who pursues her dream 8 when she’s 70 now. She has __9__ her dream of being a painter since she was a little child. 10 , because her family was poor, she had to 11 her dream and stepped into the 12 to raise money so as to support her family. Though she has 13 abandoned her dream, she could hardly find any 14 to realize it because of the tough work. 15 , chance came when she retired from her work. She began taking her painting lessons 16 she had all-white hair and lots of wrinkles. At first, I was 17 her idea of attending school at so old an age, but after seeing her paint happily and enjoyably, I 18 feeling it a good choice. She seems energetic and 19 fine.
So if we have our dreams and seek for them, we aren’t old. It’s when we don’t know what we want and let 20 be the center point of our lives that we can finally be regarded as the old.
1. A. respond B. agree C. identify D. understand
2. A. negative B. boring C. tough D. challenging
3. A. certainty B. wish C. theory D. doubt
4. A. attractive B. young C. intelligent D. ambitious
5. A. conclusion B. contract C. decision D. destination
6. A: embarrassment B. obstacle C. question D. confusion
7. A. preserving B. seeking C. treasuring D. possessing
8. A. even B. nearly C. only D. hardly
9. A. realized B. changed C. promoted D. kept
10. A. However B. Instead C. Moreover D. Therefore
11. A. give up B. search for C. put aside D. stick to
12. A. reality B. society C. world D. nature
13. A. seldom B. occasionally C. already D. never
14. A. time B. energy C. help D. money
15. A. Suddenly B. Finally C. Soon D. Fortunately
16. A. because B. once C. though D. unless
17. A. against B. for C. at D. with
18. A. risked B. rejected C. continued D. began
19. A. feels B. proves C. looks D. grows
20. A. achievements B. regrets C. dreams D. difficulties
三、阅读理解
A (2019衡水 金榜大联考)
Fort Scott High School English teacher Emily Rountree has been working this semester to raise money for Charity Water, a nonprofit organization, which uses 100 percent of public donations to help fund water projects in places without access to clean drinking water. Her goal was to motivate her students to use their writing in class to make a real world difference. Twelve students got top grades on the project and their articles will be published in the Tribune and online. The money from their writing is of great help.
"Did you know that there are many countries around the world that don't have access to safe drinking water? Just think, that could be your someone in your family. In my English three classes, we are trying to raise money for Charity Water. Charity Water is an organization that helps people get water in countries where there is no safe drinking water", said Tanner Johnson, a student attending Fort Scott High School. In Africa alone, people spend 40 billion hour every year just walking for water .Women and children are the ones that mainly do the walking. They could be attacked, or get hurt. Whenever they get home the water that they have brought home is unsafe water that has been in swamps, ponds, or rivers. If they had safe drinking water they wouldn’t have that to worry about and they wouldn't be wasting hours of their day. Unsafe drinking water causes many different kinds of diseases that could lead to death.
You could help save someone's life by donating $ 20 so you could help get them some safe drinking water. You can easily donate online at mycharitywater/org/fshsenglish, or you can send a check payable to Fort Scott High School to Emily Rountree. If you don't help these people then who will?
1. Emily Rountree is working for Charity water ____.
A. to set up a nonprofit organization about water
B. to help discover where clean drinking water is
C. to find access to using the public donations
D. to encourage her students to help those in need
2. How can the students bring differences to the world?
A. By donating all their pocket money.
B. By collecting money in their spare time.
C. By giving away their money from writing.
D. By conducting themselves well in class.
3. What does the third paragraph imply?
A. Africa is lacking in water resources.
B. Women do nothing but getting water.
C. People in Africa live a hard life.
D. Rivers in Africa have been polluted.
4.1t can be inferred from the last paragraph that ____.
A. only a few people participate in the donation
B. it is easy to lend a hand to those in need
C. staff at the website will collect money
D. it is convenient to pay off your check
B. (2019衡水中学一模) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Stay on the brighter side of life
One very important component of optimism is gratitude or feeling grateful. In fact, there is a strong connection between a grateful attitude and a heightened sense of well-being. Appreciate all the positives in your life by starting a gratitude journal in order to remember what you’re grateful for. 1
Feeling down? Instead of feeling sorry for yourself waiting for the universe to throw you a bone, try acting like you' re happy-even if you aren't. A sincere smile and a forced smile will cause the same chemical reactions in your brain, so you can actually fool your mind into feeling better by making it react chemically as if things were going well. 2 Reassure yourself that everything is good- even if you don't feel it.
“ 3 If you're stuck in traffic, then everything else must be going horribly, too," says Anne Parker, a wellness counselor. By blowing negative events out of proportion, you’re setting yourself up for feeling down all day. Instead, acknowledge that you're stuck in traffic, but also bring to mind something good, like the beautiful scenery outside the window. That way, you'll get in the habit of forbidding negative circumstances from blanketing your whole day.
Swearing to lose 20 pounds or to run a marathon seems like goals leading to happiness, but they take time to achieve. 4 You may even end up admitting that you have been defeated. However, if you focus on the small milestones that occur along the way, you will feel positive about your progress, which will give you the strength to keep going.
5 Try making someone else's day better. A report by United Healthcare and Volunteer Match found that volunteers are 72% more likely to characterize themselves as optimistic compared with non volunteers. Plus, 89% of volunteers say that volunteering has improved their sense of well - being, and 92% say that it enriches their sense of purpose in life.
A. Try to help someone in need.
B. Want to give your attitude a lift?
C. People tend to think in an either - or way.
D. Act in an optimistic way-smile, laugh, tell a joke.
E. You'll fail to appreciate more important things in your life.
F. By focusing on not having accomplished them yet, you will start to feel down on yourself.
G. By remembering the pleasant things in your life, you can actually turn a negative attitude around.
四、短文改错
We often think insects to be harmless. This is partly true. Many an insect are harmful. Flies carry diseases. Others insects carry diseases, too. Farmers are at war with insects most the time. Hunger insects kill crops in the fields. Farmers spray the field as to get rid of these insects. Does this means that all insects are harmful? No. Many are of great helpful to man. Bees make honey. With bees and other insects, many trees would have not fruit. Silkworms make silk. Some insects eat other insects that kill fruit trees.
五、语法填空
（2019衡水中学一模）用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空，每空1词。
A boy trembled in the cold winter, 1 (wrap) his arms around himself on a bus stop bench. He 2 (wear) warm clothes and the temperature was - l0 C. A heartbreaking scene! But the good deeds of the ordinary people who witnessed 3 11-year–old Johannes were both joyous 4 inspiring. A woman, sitting next to the boy, discovered he was 5 a school trip and was told to meet his teacher at the bus stop. She 6 (self) covered her own coat around his shoulders. Later, 7 woman at first gave him her scarf, and then wrapped him in her large jacket. Throughout the day, more and more people offered Johannes their gloves and even the coats off their backs. 8 (actual), it was a hidden camera experiment by Norwegian charity SOS Children's Village as part of their winter campaign to collect 9 (donate) to help Syrian children get through the winter. Synne Ronning, the information head of the organization, also noted that the child was a volunteer who was never in any 10 (dangerous) during the filming.
答案与解析
一、单项选择
1. B。句意：是否创建一种不同福利制度的问题将会出现。whether引导同位语从句，解释说明the problem的内容。if也有“是否”之意，但不能引导同位语从句。
2. D。句意：格林公司把这片地产捐赠给了加州政府，唯一的条件是格林家族在需要时可以使用它。condition后面接的是同位语从句，从句中不缺成分，因此用连接词that。
3. B。where引导的从句作表语，where在句中的意思是“……的地方”。
4. A。 名词性从句的解题原则是“缺什么补什么”，此处表语从句“_____ makes life possible”中缺少主语，同时主语不表示“人”，用what(表示人时应该选用who或者whom)，所以选A项。
5. A。word在此意为“消息”，空后对word的具体内容进行说明，是它的同位语从句，故用that引导。
6. D。句意：你确定这就是温总理在他的讲话中所强调的吗?考查what引导的表语从句。what在从句中作has stressed的宾语。A项as Premier Wen stressed属于定语从句句式，意为“正如温总理所强调的”。B、C两项的连接词不符合句意，故D项为正确答案。
7. D。句意：这位老人告诉我们不要在有危险的地方逗留。考查表语从句。where引导表语从句并在从句中作地点状语。这句话还可以写成：The old man to1d us not to remain m the place where there was danger.故选D项。
二、完形填空
1. B。大卫说有皱纹的人可谓老人，但玛丽认为“some people may gain wrinkles at an earlier age”由此可知她并不赞成大卫的说法，故选B项。
2. C。根据生活常识可知，艰苦工作易使人有皱纹，而且下文介绍我奶奶的故事的时候，文中“she could hardly find any 14 to realize it because of the tough work ”有“tough work”的提示。由此判断选C项。
3. D。莉莉说60或60岁以上的人可谓老人，但艾米丽认为“some old people may still be energetic and trying to pursue their dreams”，即她对莉莉的观点也表示怀疑。由此可推断选D项。
4. B。结合语境可判断，此空应与“some old people”相对应，即老人“be energetic and trying to pursue their dreams”使他们显得年轻。故选B项。
5. A。根据“so the teacher asked us to think about it after class”可推断对老师的提问未达成一致观点，故选A项。
6. C。根据语境可知，此空应指老师的提问“when a man could be referred as an old man”，由此判断选C项。
7. B。下文奶奶的故事就说明了这么一个道理，即“a man isn’t old as long as he is 7 something”再根据下文“My grandma is such a woman who pursues her dream 8 when she’s 70 now. ”和“So if we have our dreams and seek for them, we aren’t old. ”故可综合判断选B项。
8. A。由上下文语境可知，即使当奶奶70岁了，她还有自己追求的梦想。even when意为“即使当……的时候”，符合语境，故选A项。
9. D。由上下文可知，奶奶想当画家的梦想从孩提时代到70岁的高龄一直没有放弃过，即一直保持着这个梦想，故选D项。
10. A。奶奶尽管一直保持着这份梦想，然而因为家里穷，她不得不将自己的梦想搁置在一旁。前后是转折关系，故选A项。
11. C。根据“stepped into the 12 to raise money so as to support her family”再结合奶奶一直未放弃其梦想可推断奶奶是将其梦想暂时搁置在一旁。put aside意为“将……搁置在一旁”，符合语境，故选C项。
12. B。由下文“I was 17 her idea of attending school at so old an age”可知，奶奶要想成为画家就必须上学，而奶奶却选择退学，走人社会去赚钱养家。由此语境判断选B项。
13. D。根据“My grandma is such a woman who pursues her dream 8 when she's 70 now”可知奶奶从来没有放弃过她的梦想，故选D项。
14. A。根据“ 15 ，chance came when she retired from her work. ”可推断，奶奶退休以后才有时间学画画，即奶奶是因为没有时间才一直未实现她的梦想。故选A项。
15. B。奶奶年轻的时候就将其梦想暂时搁置在一旁，直到退休才有时间去实现梦想，这是一段多么漫长的时间，故此处田“终于（finally）”最符合语境. 即选B项.
16. C。根据前后的让步转折关系可判断选C项。
17. A。根据“…but after seeing her paint happily and enjoyably, I 18 feeling it a good choice. ”可知起初我反对奶奶的想法，故选A项。 .
18. D。由原来的反对，到后来的同意，可判断选D项，即；“开始觉得奶奶的选择是对的”。
19. C。根据“seems energetic”可知，此处指奶奶看上去很精神，而不是说奶奶自己感到有精神。由此判断选C项。
20. B。全文最后两句互为对应，由此对应关系可推断此句意为“当我们不知道自己的追求而让遗憾成为生活的中心的时候，我们才算‘老’”。由此判断选B项。
三、阅读理解
A篇. 在发展中国家，还有7.8亿人得不到干净的饮用水。伸出你的手，捐出20美元帮助全世界那些缺乏干净饮用水的人们。
1. D。细节理解题。文章第一段第二句提到：老师的目的是激励她的学生在课堂上用他们的文章给世界带来变化。
2.C。细节理解题。根据文章第一段尾句：学生在老师的鼓励下开始写作，他们的文章已经发表，他们捐出所得的稿费帮助这项慈善事业。
3. C。推理判断题。第三段谈到非洲人们很难得到洁净的饮用水，取水是费时费力的事。
4. B。推理判断题。文章结尾谈到捐出二十美元就可以拯救一个人，是举手之劳。
B篇. 本文主要讲如何保持积极的生活态度。
1.G 第一段讲的是要记住一些愉快的事来获得幸福感，所以选G
2.D第二段讲到即使有不愉快的事，也可以通过调整心态来获得愉悦感,故选D项。
3.C第三段用堵车时应该选择什么样的心态来告诉人们在遇到不愉快的事时，应学会选择，第一句是总括
4.F根据此空后一句You may even end up admitting that you have been defeated. However, if you focus on the small milestones that occur along the way, you will feel positive about your progress, which will give you the strength to keep going.可知集中于你不能完成的事情，你会感到失落，故选F项。
5.B最后一段讲的是如何提升幸福感的方法，就是做志愿者帮助别人，故选B项。
四、短文改错
We often think insects to be harmless. This is partly true. Many an insect are harmful. Flies
harmful is
carry diseases. Others insects carry diseases, too. Farmers are at war with insects most ∧ the
Other of
time. Hunger insects kill crops in the fields. Farmers spray the field as to get rid of these insects.
Hungry
Does this means that all insects are harmful? No. Many are of great helpful to man. Bees make
mean help
honey. With bees and other insects, many trees would have not fruit. Silkworms make silk. Some
Without no
insects eat other insects that kill fruit trees.
五、语法填空
本文讲述一个小男孩在寒冷的天气中现身说法号召人们帮助叙利亚儿童度过冬天进行捐献。
1. wrapping 句意：一个小男孩在寒冷的冬天发抖，抱着胳膊坐在公交车站台的椅子上。Wrapping表示伴随状语。
2. wasn’t wearing 句意：他穿得不暖和。根据语境可知用现在进行时。
3. the 句意：但是普通人看到11岁的Johannes的善行是即让人快乐又让人欣慰，表示特指这个11岁的孩子，故用the.
4. and joyous 与inspiring是并列，故用and.
5. on be on a trip ……的旅行。
6. selflessly 句意：她无私地用自己的衣服盖在他的身上。selflessly用来修饰covered。
7. another 句意：后来，另外一位女士给了他围巾，用她的夹克包住了他。
8. Actually 副词actually实际上，在句中做状语，修饰整个句子
9. donations collect donations收集捐献物；
10. danger in danger处在危险中；