模块5 Unit 15 Learning Lesson 4 Understanding 课件（42张PPT）
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| 名称 | 模块5 Unit 15 Learning Lesson 4 Understanding 课件（42张PPT） |  | |
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课件42张PPT。Unit 15
Lesson 4
UnderstandingWhat do you know about the earth?How do you get information about the
world?readingobservingthinkingasking questions How do you get knowledge and understanding?doing experimentsWhich of the following help you understand things?1. being relaxed and happy
2. having time to think about what you are learning
3. being interested in the topic
4. discussing topics with friends
5. asking questionsWhich of the five things is the most useful?Are there any things you have never used?Knowledge is power.--- Francis BaconFrancis Bacon (1561 – 1626), an English philosopher, is recognized as one of the most important thinkers in history. He established a methodology for scientific inquiry known as Baconian Method. Baconian Method（培根归纳法） explains the importance of observing and experimenting to obtain knowledge. It was supposed to replace the methods put forward in Aristotle's Organon（尤指推理法或逻辑系统的思维工具）.Galileo Galilei (1564 – 1642), an Italian astronomer and philosopher, proved that the earth is not the center of the universe. He is referred to as the father of modern astronomy.Match each word with its meaning.gain by one’s effort or skillacquire worthy assumption challenge inspire beneficialdeservingsth. taken for granted, sth.
supposed but not provedgive sb. the desire, confidence
or enthusiasm to do sth. wellhaving good effect; helpfulquestion whether a statement or an action is right, legal, etc.Read the passage and answer the questions.Asking questions.By observing the world, studying the facts and testing answers to find the right ones.1. What does the writer suggest to understand
things?2. How else does the writer suggest that
we acquire knowledge?Decide the sentences true or false.Modern scientists and thinkers are getting
used to solving the world’s problems by Internet.
2. Most people in the 17th century learned about things by observing.
3. Francis Bacon was a considerable official under King James.
4. Galileo Galilei was more welcomed than Aristotle in 17th century.FFFTWhat should be put in the first place when we acquire knowledge? ?A. Observation. B. Questions. ?C. Studying the facts. ?D. Considering possible answersChoose the best answer according to the text.B2. What do most people do to solve problems
today? ?? A. Analyze them on their own. ?? B. Surf the Internet. ?? C. Consult an expert. ?? D. Look the problems up in the library.
3. During Bacon’s time, people were
interested in ________. ???? A. the search for knowledge ???B. science ???? C. facts D. religionBD4. Why can’t we sit back and say “We ???? know it all.”? ???? A. Our understanding of the world is ???? constantly growing and changing. ???? B. Many ancient people knew more ???? than we do. ???? C. There is always someone who knows ???? more about the world than we do. ???? D. The world is too large for us to
understand everything.ARead the text again. Answer these questions.Does the writer believe that the Baconian Method of scientific thought is a good way to gain knowledge?
What images does the writer use to explain how men like Bacon and Galileo helped educate people?Yes. She says it is lucky that scientists and thinkers are still using this method today.She uses images of shadows, kingdoms, war and money.3. Why did Aristotle assume that the sun
moved around the Earth?
4. Would the writer describe the people of
the church during Galileo’s time as
having “open” or “closed” minds?He assumed the sun moved around the Earth because it felt like the Earth was standing still while the sun moved through the sky.The writer would describe them as having closed minds.5. Do you think people like Bacon and Galileo
would have thought it was a good idea to
open libraries and set up universities? Why?Yes. Because libraries and universities are the places in which people can acquire knowledge and understanding of the world.Discussion:
what important information can you get from the text?Homework Review the new words and expressions in the text.
Finish the exercises on Pages 84 - 85.Language pointsIt seems obvious now how we acquire
knowledge and understanding.acquire v. 获得；得到
Gradually we acquired experience in how to do the work.
She has mastered English grammar and acquired a large vocabulary without the help of a teacher.
The collector has acquired a fine collection of impressionist paintings.acquire, obtain, gain, get, win, earn均含“获得、取得、得到”之意。
acquire: 强调通过不断的、持续的努力而获得某物，也指日积月累地渐渐地获得。书面语用词。
He will acquire the right to permanent residency here.
obtain: 较正式用词，着重通过巨大努力、要求而得到所需或盼望已久的东西。
At last, their company obtained the mining concession. gain: 侧重指经过努力或有意识行动而取得某种成就或获得某种利益或好处。
He has gained rich experience in these years.
get: 普通用词，使用广泛，可指以任何方式得到某物，也不一定要经过努力。
If Peter had applied for the post, he would probably get it now.win: 主要指通过努力、斗争、比赛等而获得胜利。
She needs to win this point to level the score.
earn: 侧重指依靠自己的劳动或因付出代价与有功而获得。
He works hard, but he does not earn much money. 2. Although today we are more accustomed
to typing a few key words into a search
engine and …be accustomed to 惯于，适应于(=be used to)
He is accustomed to hearing noise, because he lives right in the center of the city.
She was not accustomed to be away from home for so long.
You will soon get accustomed to the climate here.3. At that time, people believed more in
religion than in facts and …这句话里more … than …意思是“是……而不是……”，是肯定more后面的内容而否定than后面的内容。如：
Hearing the loud noise, the boy was more surprised than frightened.
He is more lucky than clever.
They say I’m more like a teacher than as a student.1).“more than+名词”表示“多于……、非但 ……尤其是”。
Jason is more than a lecturer; he is a writer, too.
2). “more than+数词”是“以上、不止”之意。
I have known David for more than 20 years.
3). “more than+形容词”是“很，非常”的意思。
In doing scientific experiments, one must be more than careful with the instruments. 链接4. …, were often punished by the church
with no one coming to their defence.with no one coming to their defence是“with + 宾语 + 现在分词或短语”的结构，表示伴随状态。
With you talking all the time, how can I focus on my lesson?
With night coming on, we started for home.
The boy lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at the sky.defence n. 保卫；保护；防御
He joined the army in defence of his country.
The high wall was built as a defence against intruders.
The government has reduced its expense on defence.
He has been brought in to strengthen the defence.5. The Church and many people tend to
ignore the facts and were unwilling to …tend to 倾向于，有助于，易于，引起， 造成
Modern furniture design tends to simplicity.
To be quite frank, I tend to agree with Mr. Peter’s opinion.
In summer fruit tends to decay.
Your carelessness is sure to lead to trouble in the future.
His talks tended to a disaster.ignore vt. 不顾，不理，忽视
Don't ignore him; help him.
She saw him coming but she ignored him.
He tried to ignore my remarks.
The government would be unwise to ignore the complaints of its people.
Nobody can ignore the fact (that) the experiment is a success. 6. They preferred to make assumptions
about the world based on the experience
of others.assumption n. 假定；假设；设想
The project was predicated on the assumption that the economy was expanding.
The facts proved her assumption wrong. assume v. 假定；假设7. At first, people approved of his studies
and urged him to continue, …approve of 赞成
We can’t approve of this sort of thing.
Her father will never approve of her marriage to you.
I’m afraid your parents won’t approve of your going there. urge v.力劝，催促，极力主张
He urged her to go, but she refused.
My friends urged that I (should) apply for the job.
He urged the necessity for immediate action.
The citizens urged for the construction of a new hospital. persuade, urge, convince这些动词均有“劝说、劝导、劝诱”之意。
persuade: 普通用词，指通过劝说、感情交流等而使对方做劝说者所希望的事。
How can I persuade you of my sincerity?
urge: 语气强，指不断地、热情地规劝诱导。
I strongly urge you to give up smoking.
convince: 指凭行动、事实或言语使他人从思想感情上信服。
There was not an atom of evidence to convince him. 8. But even though Aristotle was a great man
who inspired many great scientists and …inspire v. 鼓舞，激励，驱使，激起
His speech inspired us to try again.
We should inspire the children to think.
They hate losing, so they know that losing will only inspire them to become better.
His encouraging remarks inspired confidence in me. encourage，inspire，excite，stimulate这些动作均表“鼓励，激励”之意。
encourage指提高某人情绪，增强战胜困难，实现目标的信心和勇气。
?
Her success encouraged me to try the same thing.
inspire通常指鼓起勇气，充满信心和希望。
The failure inspired him to greater efforts. excite主要指某人的言行或其它外界因素使他人变得兴奋或感情冲动，多用被动态。
My job is a huge challenge, but I love challenges! Challenges excite me!
stimulate尤指人或物因外界因素而受到刺激，使人振作起来或增强做某事的信心和勇气。
I hoped my warning would stimulate her to greater efforts. 9. ... More vital to a man, and more
beneficial to …vital adj. 至关重要的，生死攸关的
This matter is of vital importance to us.
This point is vital to my argument.
The heart is a vital organ.beneficial adj. 有益的，有利的
Fresh air is beneficial to our health.
It’s a beneficial result to us.I managed to a________ two tickets to the football match. Would you like to go with me?
2. I think all people who do their duty are w_______ of praise.
3. Sarah doesn’t like her deskmate. She’s even u_______ to talk to her.
4. It’s unwise for the government to i______ people’s growing dissatisfaction with companies that pollute a lot.acquire worthy unwilling ignore Write out the correct words.5. In many western countries politics and ???? ______(宗教) are daily topics. 6. The report _______ (敦促) all schools ???? to provide more opportunities for their ???? students to do exercise. ?7. Jack was _______ (鼓舞) by what his ???? mother said and started working hard. ?8. Bruce walked in the ________ (阴暗处) ???? and hoped no one would recognize ???? him.religion urged inspired shadows Fill in the blanks with the correct expressions.accustomed to come to approve of at times due to build…upon Don’t worry. You’ll find yourself ______________ your new life here soon.
Come on! Stop complaining! You know quite clearly the accident is _______ your own ignorance.
How can you expect anyone to ________ your help while you never offer others a helping hand?
_________ he’ll make silly mistakes.
I’m afraid no one will _________such a crazy plan.
Your accusation should be __________facts.accustomed tocome todue toAt timesapprove ofbuilt upon
Lesson 4
UnderstandingWhat do you know about the earth?How do you get information about the
world?readingobservingthinkingasking questions How do you get knowledge and understanding?doing experimentsWhich of the following help you understand things?1. being relaxed and happy
2. having time to think about what you are learning
3. being interested in the topic
4. discussing topics with friends
5. asking questionsWhich of the five things is the most useful?Are there any things you have never used?Knowledge is power.--- Francis BaconFrancis Bacon (1561 – 1626), an English philosopher, is recognized as one of the most important thinkers in history. He established a methodology for scientific inquiry known as Baconian Method. Baconian Method（培根归纳法） explains the importance of observing and experimenting to obtain knowledge. It was supposed to replace the methods put forward in Aristotle's Organon（尤指推理法或逻辑系统的思维工具）.Galileo Galilei (1564 – 1642), an Italian astronomer and philosopher, proved that the earth is not the center of the universe. He is referred to as the father of modern astronomy.Match each word with its meaning.gain by one’s effort or skillacquire worthy assumption challenge inspire beneficialdeservingsth. taken for granted, sth.
supposed but not provedgive sb. the desire, confidence
or enthusiasm to do sth. wellhaving good effect; helpfulquestion whether a statement or an action is right, legal, etc.Read the passage and answer the questions.Asking questions.By observing the world, studying the facts and testing answers to find the right ones.1. What does the writer suggest to understand
things?2. How else does the writer suggest that
we acquire knowledge?Decide the sentences true or false.Modern scientists and thinkers are getting
used to solving the world’s problems by Internet.
2. Most people in the 17th century learned about things by observing.
3. Francis Bacon was a considerable official under King James.
4. Galileo Galilei was more welcomed than Aristotle in 17th century.FFFTWhat should be put in the first place when we acquire knowledge? ?A. Observation. B. Questions. ?C. Studying the facts. ?D. Considering possible answersChoose the best answer according to the text.B2. What do most people do to solve problems
today? ?? A. Analyze them on their own. ?? B. Surf the Internet. ?? C. Consult an expert. ?? D. Look the problems up in the library.
3. During Bacon’s time, people were
interested in ________. ???? A. the search for knowledge ???B. science ???? C. facts D. religionBD4. Why can’t we sit back and say “We ???? know it all.”? ???? A. Our understanding of the world is ???? constantly growing and changing. ???? B. Many ancient people knew more ???? than we do. ???? C. There is always someone who knows ???? more about the world than we do. ???? D. The world is too large for us to
understand everything.ARead the text again. Answer these questions.Does the writer believe that the Baconian Method of scientific thought is a good way to gain knowledge?
What images does the writer use to explain how men like Bacon and Galileo helped educate people?Yes. She says it is lucky that scientists and thinkers are still using this method today.She uses images of shadows, kingdoms, war and money.3. Why did Aristotle assume that the sun
moved around the Earth?
4. Would the writer describe the people of
the church during Galileo’s time as
having “open” or “closed” minds?He assumed the sun moved around the Earth because it felt like the Earth was standing still while the sun moved through the sky.The writer would describe them as having closed minds.5. Do you think people like Bacon and Galileo
would have thought it was a good idea to
open libraries and set up universities? Why?Yes. Because libraries and universities are the places in which people can acquire knowledge and understanding of the world.Discussion:
what important information can you get from the text?Homework Review the new words and expressions in the text.
Finish the exercises on Pages 84 - 85.Language pointsIt seems obvious now how we acquire
knowledge and understanding.acquire v. 获得；得到
Gradually we acquired experience in how to do the work.
She has mastered English grammar and acquired a large vocabulary without the help of a teacher.
The collector has acquired a fine collection of impressionist paintings.acquire, obtain, gain, get, win, earn均含“获得、取得、得到”之意。
acquire: 强调通过不断的、持续的努力而获得某物，也指日积月累地渐渐地获得。书面语用词。
He will acquire the right to permanent residency here.
obtain: 较正式用词，着重通过巨大努力、要求而得到所需或盼望已久的东西。
At last, their company obtained the mining concession. gain: 侧重指经过努力或有意识行动而取得某种成就或获得某种利益或好处。
He has gained rich experience in these years.
get: 普通用词，使用广泛，可指以任何方式得到某物，也不一定要经过努力。
If Peter had applied for the post, he would probably get it now.win: 主要指通过努力、斗争、比赛等而获得胜利。
She needs to win this point to level the score.
earn: 侧重指依靠自己的劳动或因付出代价与有功而获得。
He works hard, but he does not earn much money. 2. Although today we are more accustomed
to typing a few key words into a search
engine and …be accustomed to 惯于，适应于(=be used to)
He is accustomed to hearing noise, because he lives right in the center of the city.
She was not accustomed to be away from home for so long.
You will soon get accustomed to the climate here.3. At that time, people believed more in
religion than in facts and …这句话里more … than …意思是“是……而不是……”，是肯定more后面的内容而否定than后面的内容。如：
Hearing the loud noise, the boy was more surprised than frightened.
He is more lucky than clever.
They say I’m more like a teacher than as a student.1).“more than+名词”表示“多于……、非但 ……尤其是”。
Jason is more than a lecturer; he is a writer, too.
2). “more than+数词”是“以上、不止”之意。
I have known David for more than 20 years.
3). “more than+形容词”是“很，非常”的意思。
In doing scientific experiments, one must be more than careful with the instruments. 链接4. …, were often punished by the church
with no one coming to their defence.with no one coming to their defence是“with + 宾语 + 现在分词或短语”的结构，表示伴随状态。
With you talking all the time, how can I focus on my lesson?
With night coming on, we started for home.
The boy lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at the sky.defence n. 保卫；保护；防御
He joined the army in defence of his country.
The high wall was built as a defence against intruders.
The government has reduced its expense on defence.
He has been brought in to strengthen the defence.5. The Church and many people tend to
ignore the facts and were unwilling to …tend to 倾向于，有助于，易于，引起， 造成
Modern furniture design tends to simplicity.
To be quite frank, I tend to agree with Mr. Peter’s opinion.
In summer fruit tends to decay.
Your carelessness is sure to lead to trouble in the future.
His talks tended to a disaster.ignore vt. 不顾，不理，忽视
Don't ignore him; help him.
She saw him coming but she ignored him.
He tried to ignore my remarks.
The government would be unwise to ignore the complaints of its people.
Nobody can ignore the fact (that) the experiment is a success. 6. They preferred to make assumptions
about the world based on the experience
of others.assumption n. 假定；假设；设想
The project was predicated on the assumption that the economy was expanding.
The facts proved her assumption wrong. assume v. 假定；假设7. At first, people approved of his studies
and urged him to continue, …approve of 赞成
We can’t approve of this sort of thing.
Her father will never approve of her marriage to you.
I’m afraid your parents won’t approve of your going there. urge v.力劝，催促，极力主张
He urged her to go, but she refused.
My friends urged that I (should) apply for the job.
He urged the necessity for immediate action.
The citizens urged for the construction of a new hospital. persuade, urge, convince这些动词均有“劝说、劝导、劝诱”之意。
persuade: 普通用词，指通过劝说、感情交流等而使对方做劝说者所希望的事。
How can I persuade you of my sincerity?
urge: 语气强，指不断地、热情地规劝诱导。
I strongly urge you to give up smoking.
convince: 指凭行动、事实或言语使他人从思想感情上信服。
There was not an atom of evidence to convince him. 8. But even though Aristotle was a great man
who inspired many great scientists and …inspire v. 鼓舞，激励，驱使，激起
His speech inspired us to try again.
We should inspire the children to think.
They hate losing, so they know that losing will only inspire them to become better.
His encouraging remarks inspired confidence in me. encourage，inspire，excite，stimulate这些动作均表“鼓励，激励”之意。
encourage指提高某人情绪，增强战胜困难，实现目标的信心和勇气。
?
Her success encouraged me to try the same thing.
inspire通常指鼓起勇气，充满信心和希望。
The failure inspired him to greater efforts. excite主要指某人的言行或其它外界因素使他人变得兴奋或感情冲动，多用被动态。
My job is a huge challenge, but I love challenges! Challenges excite me!
stimulate尤指人或物因外界因素而受到刺激，使人振作起来或增强做某事的信心和勇气。
I hoped my warning would stimulate her to greater efforts. 9. ... More vital to a man, and more
beneficial to …vital adj. 至关重要的，生死攸关的
This matter is of vital importance to us.
This point is vital to my argument.
The heart is a vital organ.beneficial adj. 有益的，有利的
Fresh air is beneficial to our health.
It’s a beneficial result to us.I managed to a________ two tickets to the football match. Would you like to go with me?
2. I think all people who do their duty are w_______ of praise.
3. Sarah doesn’t like her deskmate. She’s even u_______ to talk to her.
4. It’s unwise for the government to i______ people’s growing dissatisfaction with companies that pollute a lot.acquire worthy unwilling ignore Write out the correct words.5. In many western countries politics and ???? ______(宗教) are daily topics. 6. The report _______ (敦促) all schools ???? to provide more opportunities for their ???? students to do exercise. ?7. Jack was _______ (鼓舞) by what his ???? mother said and started working hard. ?8. Bruce walked in the ________ (阴暗处) ???? and hoped no one would recognize ???? him.religion urged inspired shadows Fill in the blanks with the correct expressions.accustomed to come to approve of at times due to build…upon Don’t worry. You’ll find yourself ______________ your new life here soon.
Come on! Stop complaining! You know quite clearly the accident is _______ your own ignorance.
How can you expect anyone to ________ your help while you never offer others a helping hand?
_________ he’ll make silly mistakes.
I’m afraid no one will _________such a crazy plan.
Your accusation should be __________facts.accustomed tocome todue toAt timesapprove ofbuilt upon