高考英语语法之状语从句详解与联想（word版有答案）

高考英语状语从句专题讲解

在复合句中修饰主句或主句中的某一成分的从句叫状语从句。状语从句通常由从属连词或起连词作用的词组引导，有时甚至不需要连词直接和主句连接起来。
状语从句根据它表达的意思不同，可分为：
1.时间状语从句； 2.地点状语从句； 3.原因状语从句； 4.目的状语从句；
5.结果状语从句； 6.条件状语从句； 7.让步状语从句； 8.比较状语从句； 9.方式状语从句。
引导词
时间状语从句常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately, directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when
地点状语从句常用引导词：where
特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere
句型1：Where＋地点从句，(there)＋主句。 “哪里……哪里就……”
句型2：Anywhere/ wherever＋地点从句，＋主句。
3. 原因状语从句常用引导词：because, since, as
特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that
4. 目的状语从句常用引导词：so that, in order that
特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that, in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
5. 结果状语从句常用引导词：so … that, such … that
特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,
6. 条件状语从句常用引导词：if, unless
特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition that
7. 让步状语从句常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though
特殊引导词： as (用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装), while (一般用在句首), no matter …, in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever, whether...or
8. 比较状语从句常用引导词：as (同级比较), than (不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词：the more … the more … , just as …, so…, A is to B what /as C is to D, no … more than, not A so much as B
9. 方式状语从句常用引导词：as, as if, how
特殊引导词：the way
从句讲解
时间状语从句
(1) when引导的时间状语从句
① when引导的时间状语从句，其动词既可以是延续性动作的动词，也可以是瞬间性动作的动词，可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前。
when you apply for a job, you must present your credentials /kr?'d?n?lz/.
当你申请工作时，你必须递交你的有关证件。（同时）
when the students heard the teacher’s footsteps, they all stopped talking.
当学生们听到老师的脚步声时，他们都停止了讲话。（从句动作发生在前）
② when还可表示just then（正在那时）的意思，此时其所引导的从句只放在主句之后。
we were about to start when it began to rain. 我们正要动身，突然天下起雨来。
The game had hardly/scarcely/barely begun when it started raining. 比赛刚刚开始就下起雨来。
(2) as引导的时间状语从句
as侧重表示主句和从句的动作并相发生,翻译成一边…一边…
We were having breakfast as she was combing her hair. 她梳头时我们在吃早饭。
(3) while引导的时间状语从句
while或“在……期间”，所引导的从句的动作是延续性的，并表示和主句的动作同时发生。
I can learn while I work. 我可以边工作边学习。
(4) before引导的时间状语从句
① before“在……之前”
I’ll be back before you have left. 你离开之前我就会回来。
② before“……之后才”
It was three days before I came back. 他三天后才回来。
(5) as soon as/once/directly/the instant等引导的时间状语从句
as soon as 是最常见的表示“一……就”的从属连词，其他连词还有immediately，instantly，the instant (that)，the minute(that) ，the moment(that)等，它们通常都可与as soon as换用。
As soon as we got home, the telephone rang. 我们一到家，电话就响了。
I recognized her immediately I saw her. 我一看见她就认出她来了。
Directly the teacher came in everyone was quiet. 老师一进来，大家就静了下来。
(6) hardly...when/no sooner...than引导的时间状语从句
关联从属连词hardly/barely/scarcely...when和no sooner...than的意思是“刚……就”，它们所引导的从句中的谓语动词通常为过去完成时。如：
He had no sooner (no sooner had he) arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚一到家，就又要他出另一次差。
No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that he should have remained silent.
这些话刚一出口，他就意识到自己应该保持沉默。
(7) since引导的时间状语从句
在含有since引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，从句的谓语动词通常为一般过去时，主句的谓语动词通常为现在完成时、过去完成时和一般现在时： We’ve never met since we graduated from the college. 大学毕业后我们就再没见过面。
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走了以后，这里发生了巨大变化。
(8) till/until引导的时间状语从句 till和until同义，作“直到……时(为止)”解，till多口语话，until多用于句首。如：
Donald will remain in college until(till) he finishes his Ph.D course.
唐纳德将留在学校直到完成他的博士学位课程。
I won’t go with you until(till) I finished my homework. 等我做完作业我才和你一起去。

2. 地点状语从句
(1) where引导的地点状语从句，很简单，最基础的。
从属连词where“在（或到）……的地方”
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
Put it where you found it. 把它放在原来的地方。
where 在地点状语从句中，除指地点外，还可指处境等，如：
He said he was happy where he was. 他说他对自己的处境很满意。
It’s your fault that she is where she is. 她今天落到这个地步都怪你。
(2) wherever引导的地点状语从句wherever=no matter where,后者只能放句首。
从属连词wherever“在（或到）……的各个地方”：
You can go wherever(anywhere) you like these days. 这些天你可以去你想去的地方。
Where (no matter where) they went, the experts were warmly welcomed.
专家每到一处， 都受到热烈的欢迎。
Sit down wherever you like. 你喜欢坐哪儿就坐哪儿 (wherever不可以换成no matter where )

3. 原因状语从句
(1) because引导的原因状语从句
通常用于回答why引出的疑问句，语气最强，该从句一般位于主句后面。
I didn’t go abroad with her because I couldn’t afford it. 我没有和她一起出国是因为费用太高。
(2) as引导的原因状语从句
as引导的原因状语从句多位于主句之前，通常可以和since换用。如：
As I didn’t know the way, I asked a policeman. 我不认识路，因而问警察。
As it is snowing, we shall not climb the mountain. 由于在下雪，我们不去爬山了。
(3) since引导的原因状语从句
since引导的原因状语从句多位于主句之前，通常可以和as换用。与as用法一样
Since traveling by air is much faster, they decided to take a plane. 既然乘飞机旅行快得多，他们就决定坐飞机。
Since you won’t help me, I’ll ask someone else. 你既然不帮我，那我就请别人帮忙。
(4) now(that)引导的原因状语从句
now(that)“既然”
Now(that) you have passed your test you can drive on your own. 你既已考试合格，就可以独自开车了。
(5) seeing (that)引导的原因状语从句
Seeing (that)“鉴于；由于”，通常用于非正式文体。如：
Seeing (that) the weather is bad, we’ll stay at home. 天气不好，我们还是呆在家里吧。

4. 目的状语从句
(1) in order that引导的目的状语从句
in order that“为了；以便”。多用于正式文体，通常可以与so that换用。如：
You stopped at Hangzhou in order that they could go around West Lake.
他们在杭州停了下来，以便游览西湖。
The expert spoke slowly in order that everyone should understand.
专家讲得很慢，以便人人听得懂。
(2) so (that)引导的目的状语从句
so that“为了；以便”。so that通常可以与in order that换用，它所引导的目的状语从句总是放在主句之后，在非正式文体中，常省略that。如：
Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 你要讲得清楚，他们才听得懂。
She wanted tea ready at seven so she could be out by eight.
她要七点钟备好茶点，这样她八点以前就可以出门了。
(3) in case/for fear (that)等引导的目的状语从句
in case，for fear(that)这两个从属连词都表示否定目的，意思是“以免”,“以防”。in case它所引导的从句中的谓语动词可以是陈述语气形式，也可以是虚拟语气形式；for fear(that)引导的从句中的谓语带有may，might，should等情态动词；
Take your umbrella in case it rains. 带上你的伞，以防下雨。
He took an umbrella with him for fear that it might rain. 他带了一把伞，以防下雨。

5. 结果状语从句
(1) so that引导的结果状语从句
① so that引导的结果状语从句只能位于主句之后，so that”引导什么从句根据句意来判断
Suddenly it began to rain heavily，so that it was almost impossible to carry on driving.
突然下起了大雨，几乎无法继续开车。
Linda phoned me in on arrival so that I know she was safe and sound.
琳达到达后给我打了电话，因而我知道她平安无事。
(2) so...that引导的结果状语从句
so...that“如此……以致”，that可以省略，so后面接形容词或副词。如：
She spoke so fast that nobody could catch what she was saying.
她说话如此之快，竟没有人听出来她在讲什么。
There is so little time left that I have to tell you about it later.
现在剩下的时间不多了，我只好以后再给你讲这件事。
(3) such...that引导的结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的such...that的具体内容是：such+a/an+形容词+名词+that从句。such+a/an+形容词+单数名词+that=so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that从句。
The professor told us such a funny story that all the students laughed．
(＝The professor told us so funny a story that all the students laughed.)
教授讲了个很有趣的故事，(以致于)所有的学生都笑了起来。
6. 条件状语从句
(1) if引导的条件状语从句
If引导条件状语从句。翻译成“如果”
If I were a bird, I would fly.
(2) unless引导的条件状语从句
unless引导的是否定条件状语从句，在意义上相当于if...not，而且语气较强，一般不用于虚拟语气。如：
You’ll be late unless you hurry. 你会迟到的，如果不赶快的话。
(3) if only引导的条件状语从句
if only在引导条件状语从句时意为“只要；如果”。如:
I’ll let you use the car if only you keep it in good condition. 只要你把车保养好，我就让你用。
(4) as/so long as引导的条件状语从句
as/so long as意为“只要；如果”。如：
As long as it doesn’t rain, we can play. 只要不下雨我们就能玩。
(5) provided (that)/providing (that)引导的条件状语从句
provided (that)/providing (that)意为“如果；只要”。如：
I will agree to go providing (that my expenses are paid.) 假如为我负担费用，我就同意去。

7. 让步状语从句
(1) although/though引导的让步状语从句
although和though，都作“虽然；尽管”解，通常可以换用。
Although they have been talking for a long time, he cannot make her believe him.
虽然和她谈了半天，他还是不能让她信任自己。
(2) even if引导的让步状语从句
even if “即使，纵然”，从句表示的是尚未发生的动作或存在的情况。如：
Even if I failed again, I will not give up the experiment. 即使我再次失败，我也决不会放弃实验。
(3) even though引导的让步状语从句
even though“虽然，尽管”，通常可以和although/though换用。如：
Even though I didn’t understand a word，I kept smiling. 即使我一个字也不懂，我还是保持微笑。
即使你这样说，我也不信。
(5) while引导的让步状语从句
while“虽然，尽管”，
While I understand your point of view, I do not share it.
我虽了解你的观点，但不敢苟同。
(6) whatever/no matter what引导的让步状语从句
Whatever=no matter what都作“无论什么”解，
Whatever/No matter what he says, don’t go. 不管他说什么，你都不要走。
We are determined to fulfill the task whatever happens.
不管发生什么了，我们决心完成任务。
(7) whichever/no matter which引导的让步状语从句
Whichever=no matter which都作“无论哪个”解
Whichever/No matter which you buy, there is a six-month guarantee.
不论你买哪个，都有六个月的保修期。
No matter which of the two men had stolen her purse, Barbara was determined to find them.
不管这两个人是谁偷了她的钱包，芭芭拉决心找到他们。
(8) whoever/no matter who引导的让步状语从句
Whoever=no matter who都作“无论谁”解
You can’t come in, whoever you are. 不管你是谁，都不能进来。
(9) however/no matter how引导的让步状语从句
However=no matter how都作“无论如何……”解
However high it may be，it can’t reach the sky. 它不论有多高，也高不到天上去。
(10) whenever/no matter when引导的让步状语从句
Whenever=no matter when 都作“无论何时”解，
Whenever I’m unhappy, he cheers me up. 每当我不高兴时，他就给我鼓劲儿。
(13) as引导的让步状语从句
as在引导让步状语从句时作“虽然；尽管”和“即使”解，但是它不位于句首，在它前面的可以是形容词、名词、副词等。如：
Strong as you maybe, you cannot lift it. 虽然你可能很有力气，你却无法把它提起来。
Late as it was, they continued to study. 时间尽管不早了，他们仍继续学习。

8. 方式状语从句
(1) as引导的方式状语从句
as在引导方式状语从句时意为“以……方式；如同……那样”，从句有时是省略句。如：
Do as I say. 要照我说的做。
I did just as you told me. 我正是照你说的办的。
Air is to man as water is to fish. 空气之于人犹如水之于鱼。
(2) as if/as though引导的方式状语从句
as if和as though的用法相同，都作“好像，仿佛”解。如：
二者引导的状语从句往往用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。
They looked at me as if / as though I were mad. 他们瞧着我好像我发疯了似的。
They look as if / as though they know each other. 他们看来好像互相认识。

9. 比较状语从句
(1) as...as 引导的比较状语从句
as...as表示同级比较，主句中用形容词或副词的原级形式，从句常常为省略句。如：
We were as fortunate as them (they were) 我们和他们一样幸运。
I hope she will make as much progress as you (have done). 我希望她将取得和你同样的进步。
(2) not so/as...as 引导的比较状语从句
not so/as...as表示同级比较，主句中用形容词或副词的原级形式，从句常常为省略句。如：
That’s not so/as simple as it sounds. 那件事情不像听起来那么简单。





【课堂精讲】
1. To earn some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local café as a waiter. I believe that (1) ________ ________ ________ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.
【Keys】as soon as/as long as
考查条件状语从句，由空前的I believe that及空后的at once.可知，前后为因果关系，此句为肯定的语气，故填as soon as/as long as。
2. Mother had just said that (2) ________ I want to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. (2014)
【Keys】if 考查条件状语从句。

3. My local supermarket is always busy. The first parking space I found was convenient, but I’d noticed a woman in a blue car circling for a while. (3) ________ I was in a good mood, I left her have it. (2015)
【Keys】As/Because/Since
考查原因状语从句。根据逻辑判断该句具有因果关系。心情好是把车位让给她的原因。

4. He can’t help checking even at inappropriate times like when we are eating in a restaurant and I am talking to him! He behaves (4) ________ ________ any small amount of boredom can make him feel the need to check his phone even when he knows he shouldn’t. (2015)
【Keys】as if/as though
考查方式状语从句。根据从句“any small amount of boredom can make him feel the need...”与谓语“behaves”缺少连词表示“似乎”，因此填“as if/as though”。

5. When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (5) ________ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret from me. (2016)
【Keys】before
考查时间状语从句。连词before 引导时间状语从句，在句中有多种解释方法，本句意为“还没来得及……就”。

专项练习
基础练习
1. We should never give up halfway _______ difficulty we meet with in study.
2. It was _______ he happened to meet her on Nanjing Road that they got into touch with each other again.
3. It is two years _______ I became a postgraduate student.
4. _______ _______ he finished the experiment, he washed his hands with soap.
5. There are _______ few chairs in the room that many people have to stand to listen to the lecture.
6. Everyone, strong or weak, rich or poor, should be respected _______ _______ _______ he had made contributions to the society.
7. We will have to close this shop _______ we can get more finance.
8. It was _______ _______ I entered the boarding school that I realized how much I depended on my parents before.
9. _______ _______ you need something, please don't hesitate to let me know.
10. Sam had hardly realized what was happening _______ he was captured.
【Keys】1. whatever 2. because 3. since 4. The moment 5. so
6. as long as 7. unless 8. not until 9. In case 10. when

【巩固提升】
1. A jail usually contains fields or factories ________ ________ the prisoners can work to provide services to the larger community.
2. Everything was placed exactly ________ he wanted it for cooking the big meal.
3. Many “successful” Americans try hard to be different from others ________ the myth of success implies comparison between people.
4. Exhausted ________ she was, there was no hope of her being able to sleep.
5. In fact, a small car is big enough for a family of three, ________ you need more space for luggage.
6. Born in a wealthy family, the boy took everything in his life for granted ________ for the first time he saw how poor farmers struggled to survive the hard life.
7. She came up with several ideas about the house decoration ________ a fantastic one popped into her mind.
8. Any athlete will be punished if found to use stimulant, ________ ________ ________ famous he is in the sports field.
9. Owing to the level of the damage to factories and infrastructure, it will be weeks or even months ________ the country’s supply chain returns to normal.
10. But the fact is that ________ you are fat or thin, young or old, the best hope you have of guarding your brain is to eat well and exercise.
【Keys】1. so that 2. where 3. because 4. though/as 5. unless
6. until 7. before 8.no matter how 9. before 10. whether

巩固练习
1. The Great Wall is such a well-known tourist attraction ________ millions of people pour in every year.
2. You can’t borrow books from the school library ________ you get your student card.
3. ________serious a problem you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.
4. ________ our manager objects to Tom's joining the club, we shall accept him as a member.
5. If a lot of people say a film is not good, I won’t bother to see it, or I’ll wait ________ it comes out on DVD.
6.The police officers in our city work hard ________ ________ ________ the rest of us can live a safe life. 7. I have a tight budget for the trip, so I'm not going to fly ________ the airlines lower ticket prices.
8. The map is one of the best tools a man has ________ he goes to a new place.
9. They promised to develop a software package by the end of this year, ________ difficulty they might have.
10. I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise ________ I am sitting.
【Keys】1.that 2. Before 3. However 4. Unless 5. until
6.in order that 7. unless 8. Whenever 9. whatever 10. where

中译英：用状语从句的形式翻译下列句子。
1. 当我在用餐时，他正在读一本有趣的小说。
___________________________________________________________________.
2. 学生们一边沿着街道走，一边愉快地唱歌。
___________________________________________________________________.
3. 当我妈妈忙于准备晚饭时，我爸爸倒在看报纸。
___________________________________________________________________.
我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了
___________________________________________________________________.
随着社会的发展，越来越多的人意识到健康的重要性。
___________________________________________________________________.
6. 他一做完实验，就用肥皂洗干净双手。(The moment)
___________________________________________________________________.
7. 如果你一收到消息就能给我答复的话，我将不胜感激。(the moment)
___________________________________________________________________.
8. 我刚一走进房门，电话就响了。
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9. 我刚买一套房子，房价就开始跌了。
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10. 他们刚出发，天就开始下起了大雨。
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11. 我还来不及完成试题，铃就响了。(before)
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12. 我还没来得及提醒他要保守这个秘密，他就匆匆挂了电话。（before）
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13. 不久以后一些药品的价格将再一次下调。(before)
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14. 还要过很长一段时间，普通人才能去太空旅行。（before）
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15. 很多年后他才明白，每个人，无论强弱贫富，只要他对社会做出了贡献，就应该得到尊重。(before)
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他们必须等到周一才能给银行经理打电话。
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当你到了我这个岁数时，你才能够理解（这件事）。
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直到你走的时候才意识到之前对您的疏忽。（Not until）
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19. 也许我一天天的在进步，直到有那么一天我可以独立完成它而不需要我的朋友每天帮我改错了。
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20. 中国加入世贸组织至今已十几年了。 (since)
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【keys】
1. While I was having dinner, he was reading a very interesting story.
2. As the pupils walked along the street, they sang happily.
3. While my mum was busy preparing supper, my dad was reading a newspaper.
4. We were about to leave when he came in.
5. As society develops, more and more people come to realize the importance of health.
6. The moment he finished (doing) the experiment, he washed his hands with soap.
7. I would appreciate it very much if you could reply to me/give me a reply the moment you receive the message.
8. I had hardly /scarcely entered my room when the telephone rang．
＝Hardly /Scarcely had I entered my room when the telephone rang．
9. I had hardly /scarcely bought a flat when the price began to fall．
＝Hardly /Scarcely had I bought a flat when he price began to fall．
10. They had hardly /scarcely set off when it began to rain heavily．
＝Hardly /Scarcely had they set off when it began to rain heavily
11. The bell rang, before I could finish my test paper.
12. He hung up the phone in a hurry before I could remind him to keep the secret.
13. It won’t be long before the prices of some medicine are reduced again.
14. It will be a long time before common people can travel to space/ can go travelling in space.
15. It was many years before he realized that everyone, strong or weak, rich or poor, should be respected as long as he had made contribution(s) to the society.
16. They had to wait till Monday to ring the bank manager.
17. You can't understand that until you are at my age.
18. Not until you went away, did I realize my neglect of you.
19. Maybe I am progressing day by day, until one day I can complete it myself without my friend's help.
20.It is/ has been over ten years since China joined WTO.