人教新课标英语必修一Unit 4 Earthquakes定语从句课件（共65张PPT）

(共65张PPT)
英语中
三大从句
名词性从句
定语从句
状语从句
主语从句
宾语从句
表语从句
同位语从句
作主语
作宾语
作表语
作同位语
时间、地点、条件、原因、比较、目的、结果、让步、方式状语从句
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
The Attributive Clause
Look at the picture and make sentences
1. The two students are friends.
2. The two students are standing.

Join two sentences into one.
正站着的两名同学是朋友。
3. The two students who are standing
are friends.
主语(subject)
谓语(verb)
主语
谓语
主语
谓语
(
)
1.这两名同学是朋友。
2.这两名同学正站着。
The attributive clause(定语从句)
The two students who are standing are friends.
who are standing
先行词
who
关系词
定语从句: 修饰名词或代词的句子。
1.The boy running on the playground is Peter.
2.The boy who is running on the playground is Peter.
先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词
关系词：引导定语从句的词
Judge if the following sentences are attributive clauses
3.What the boy wants to do is to run on the playground.
NO
Yes
NO
The structure of an attributive clause
先行词
+
关系词
+
从句
已经作定语从句中的成分
名词或代词
关系代词和关系副词
缺少主语/宾语/状语/定语，
但必须有谓语。
The girl is behind the tree is Mary.
the girl
who/that
引导定语从句的关系词
只指代人
只指代事物
人、物皆可

指地点
指时间
指原因
who，whom
which
that, whose, as

where
when
why
关系代词
关系副词
作定语从句中的主语、宾语、定语等
作定语从句中的状语
作定语
2. These students are taking photos.
1. These students are my students.
3. These students
____________________________
(正在拍照的)are my students.

who are taking photos
the students
who/that
Look at the picture and make sentences
The soliders __________ are performing are our instructors.
the soliders
who
instructor
solider
The soliders are performing.
The soliders are our instructors.
The reason she was named as Hua Qiangu is that the flowers faded away at her birth.
for which =why
Why was she named as Hua Qiangu?
The place is the Shanghai exhibition center______________
Huang and Ying held a grand wedding.
in which=where
Where did Huang and Ying hold a grand wedding?
如：
①Do you know the professor who is speaking at the meeting? (限制性定语从句)

②English is an important subject , which every student should study well. (非限制性定语从句)
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
1.形式不同
限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开；而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开。
如：
①She is the new student (whom / who / that) I want to introduce to you.(限制性定语从句)
②His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week.(非限制性定语从句)
③The young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to show all his love for.(非限制性定语从句)

此句中whom
不可省略
2.关系词不同
关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中，不用于非限制性定语从句；另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词作宾语有时可以省略，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。
1. The car, ______ we bought last month, is very nice.

2. This is the car _________ we bought last month.

3. The woman _________________ we will meet at the airport is an expert.

4. The woman, ___________ we will meet at the airport, is an expert.
判断下列句子是限制性或非限制性定语从句，并用关系词填空
which
which/that
who/whom/that/略
who/whom
非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
the car
the car
the woman
the woman
第一部分 关系代词引导的定语从句
1.指物时：所用的关系代词有哪些？作什么成分？
①How do you like the film which/that was shown last Sunday?


② How do you like the film (which/that) we saw last Sunday？


③I like the book whose cover is red.


④We have arrived at the same conclusion as they have（arrived）.
可以用which/that/whose/as，它们在定语从句中做主语、宾语或定语；在限制性定语从句中作宾语时which或that可省略。
句子一分为二：
(1)How do you like the film? (2)It was shown last Sunday.
句子一分为二：
(1)How do you like the film? (2)we saw it last Sunday.
句子一分为二：
(1)I like the book (2)Its cover is red.
应用：单句填空
①(2016衡水月考) A letter ______/ ______is written in pencil is hard to read.
变式训练：The letter______/__ ____/______I received from him yesterday is very important.
②(2016浙江)When the time came to make the final decision for a course, I decided to apply for the one ____________ reflected my interest.
that which
that which ---
that /which
2.指人时：所用的关系代词有哪些？作什么成分？


①Do you know the boy who/that is my desk mate?


②He is the man (who/whom/that) I saw yesterday.


③Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been
destroyed.


④Don't trust such men as praise you to your face.

可以用who/that/whose/as，它们在定语从句中做主语、宾语 (做宾语时也用whom)或定语。它们在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略。先行词是those指人时，定语从句的关系代词通常用who。
句子一分为二：
(1)Do you know the boy? (2)He is my desk mate.
句子一分为二：
(1)He is the man. (2)I saw him yesterday.
句子一分为二：
(1)Workers built shelters for survivors.
(2)Their homes had been destroyed.
应用：单句填空
① (2016日照月考)The man / was here yesterday is a painter.
变式训练：The man / / / I saw is called Smith.
②(2013湖南) Happiness and success often come to those_______are good at recognizing their own strengths.
③(2017课标卷Ⅲ)But Sarah, has taken part in shows along with top models wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.


who that
who that whom ---
who
who
those 指人时，关系代词习惯上用who
3.whose


①He was a painter whose pictures were not well-known in his life time.



② That’s the new machine whose parts are too small to be seen.
可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作定语,修饰名词。whose + n.=of which(物)/whom(人)+the +n.
或the +n.+of which(物)/whom(人)
句子一分为二：
1.He was a painter.
2.His pictures were not well-known in his life time.
句子一分为二：
1.That’s the new machine.
2.Its parts are too small to be seen.
of whom the pictures/
the pictures of whom
of which the parts/the parts of which
应用：单句填空
①I'd like a room _______ window looks out over(俯瞰) the sea.




②I live next door to a couple_________ children often make a lot of noise.
③In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Program, one of _________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
whose
whose
whose
句子一分为二：
1.I'd like a room.
2.Its window looks out over the sea.
whose window=the window of which
=of which the window
(1)限制性定语从句：



总结as常与什么词连用，在从句中作什么成分。
①Don’t trust such men as praise you to your face.
②He is so clever a boy as we all like.
③You should read only such books as you can understand without much difficulty.
④We have arrived at the same conclusion as they have（arrived）.
⑤This is the same watch as I lost.
4. 关系代词as引导定语从句的用法
用于固定搭配，在定语从句中通常做主语或宾语，即可指人，又可指物；
such/so ......as......“像------那样的”
the same......as......“和------同样的”
作主语,指人
作宾语，指人
作宾语，指物
作宾语，指物
作宾语，指物
(2)非限制性定语从句:






总结as指代什么，可位于什么位置，在从句中作什么成分，如何
翻译as？
① As is well known, the earth goes round the sun.
②The earth goes round the sun, as is well known.
③As we know, the earth goes round the sun.
④The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.
1.指代整个句子内容；
2. 位置灵活，可位于主句前、主句中或主句后；
3. 在从句中作主语或宾语；
4.意思为“正如/就像......的那样” 。
常见表达形式：as is well known; as is reported;
as is expected; as is often the case; as has been pointed out; as has been said before; as anybody can see; as we expected；as sb. put it(正如某人所说)
作主语
作主语
作主语
作we的宾语
应用：单句填空
① There is no simple answer, ____is often the case in science.
②The number of smokers, ____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in the past one year.

as
as
5.which引导非限制性定语从句





总结which指代先行词，还是整个句子内容。
① My house, which I bought last year, is not far from my workplace.
②Football is a game, which is liked by most boys.
③ My friend showed me round the town, which was very kind of him.
1.即可指代先行词，又可指代整个句子内容；
2. 只位于主句中或主句后，用逗号隔开；
3. 在从句中作主语或宾语；
4.①指代先行词时，which就是先行词的意思 ；
②指代前面句子的内容时常译为“这；这件事”
作主语
作bought的宾语
作主语
小结：as和which都引导非限制性定语从句时的异同之处：
1.相同点：都可指代整个主句的内容。
2.区别:
(1)含义不同。 ____可译为“像… …那样的，正如… …那样的”通常用于一些固定搭配中，而_______通常译为“这一点，这件事”。
(2)从位置上来看：______引导的定语从句可位于主句前、主句中或主句后,而_______引导的定语从句只能位于主句中或主句后.
①Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, __________made one of the Chinese people’s long?held dreams come true.
②The boy was away from home for a week, _______ worried his parents very much.
③ The number of smokers，_______ is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
as
which
as
which
which
which
as
Summary（总结）
人或物
主语、宾语
人或物
主语、宾语
主语、宾语
人或物
物
人
人
宾语
定语
主语、宾语
牢记：what不用来引导定语从句
关系代词 指代人or物？ 在从句中所作的成分
that
which
who

whom
whose
as

1.(2014全国1)Maybe you have a habit??__________? ?is driving your family crazy.
2.(2015全国1)I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _____________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.
3.(2016全国1)My connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _________ I was the first Western TV reporter.?
4.(2017全国1)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both (fat and salt), ________ is not good for the health.
5.(2018全国1)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ____________showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
体验高考--填空
which
which/that
when
which/that
which/that
1.(2018全国1)They also had a small pond which they raised fish.

2.(2017全国2)In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.

3.(2016四川)The dishes what I cooked were Mom's favorite.
体验高考---改错
___
which
____
that/which/去掉what
^
in或which改为where
定语
1.关系副词when



总结什么情况下使用关系副词when。
①I still remember the days when we lived together.


②There are occasions when you must not refuse.


第二部分 关系副词引导的定语从句
(1)从句中先行词是表时间的名词或occasion(时刻,场合)
(2)从句中不缺主语和宾语
①I still remember the days
②We lived in the days together.
① There are occasions.
② you must not refuse on those occasions.
应用：单句填空
①Christmas is the only time of the year, ______ men and women open their hearts freely and think of other people.
②That evening, ______ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.
③I am looking forward to the day_____my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
④Occasions are quite rare _______I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
when
which
when
when
2.关系副词where





总结什么情况下使用关系副词where。
①Shanghai?is?the?city?where?I?was?born.?
②This is the factory where he worked last year.
③Dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing.
④He has reached the point where a change is needed.
⑤It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.
⑥life is like a long race where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
(1)从句中先行词是：
①表具体地点的名词:city, factory, house, park等
②表模糊地点的名词:point, position, stage, scene, situation, site, spot, case, race, job, activity等
(2)从句中不缺主语和宾语
①Shanghai?is?the?city. I was born in the city.
②This is the factory. He worked in the factory last year.
应用：单句填空
①When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house ________ I would be staying.
②Some pre-school children go to a day care center, _________they learn simple games and songs.
③I have reached a point in my life _________ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
④Finally he reached a lonely island ,________ was completely cut off from the outside world.
⑤As a child, Jack studied in a village school, __________ is named after his grandfather.
⑥Get yourself familiar with local law and customs of the countries___________ you are traveling.
where
where
where
which
which
where
3.关系副词why（= for which）




①The reason why he didn't attend the meeting was that he was ill.
②We don’t know the reason why he didn’t show up.
③She didn’t tell me the reason why she refused the offer.



(1)从句中先行词是表原因的名词reason
(2)从句中不缺主语和宾语
应用：单句填空
①Can you tell me the reason ________ you didn’t finish your homework?
② Have you asked him the reason ________ may explain his success?
Do you know the reason ________he was late for the meeting.
why
which/that
why




比较：先行词同样是表示时间、地点、原因的名词，为何使用的关系词不同。
①I still remember the days when we lived together.
②I still remember the days which/that we spent together.

①This is the park which/that they visited last year.
②This is the factory where he worked last year.

①I don't believe the reason (that/which) he gave me.
②The reason why he didn't attend the meeting was that he was ill.





注意：若定语从句中，缺主语或宾语，要首先考虑关系代词，切忌受先行词的影响，思维定式。
live vi.生活，居住 （不及物动词不能加宾语，所以定语从句中不缺主语和宾语，先行词又是表时间的名词）
spend vt.花费，度过 （及物动词：spend+时间/金钱，所以定语从句中缺宾语，需要考虑关系代词，同时先行词指物。）
visit vt.参观，拜访（及物动词：visit+sb/地点名词）
work vi.工作（其后不加宾语）
give vt.给，给予；提供（及物动词：give sb sth/sth to sb）
【思考】看例句并总结判定定语从句中缺状语的小窍门
① Do you know the reason why he was late for the meeting.
② Some pre-school children go to a day care center, where they learn simple games and songs.
③This is the factory where he worked last year.
④ It's really lucky I came to a restaurant where I am known.

(1)定语从句是主系表结构；
(2)定语从句是主谓宾结构（注意跟双宾动offer/give…）；
(3)定语从句中的谓语动词是不及物动词(vi.)；
(4)定语从句中的谓语是被动语态。



1.“介词+关系代词which/whom” 既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。
2.常用的介词有in，on，about，from，for，with，to ，at，of，without
3.介词的确定（介词的来源）
①定语从句中动词、形容词与介词的习惯搭配
②根据先行词和介词的习惯搭配
③根据句子意思表达的需要



“介词+关系代词which/whom”引导的定语从句
(1)看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配
This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while.

(2)看先行词与介词的搭配习惯
①On the blackboard the teacher wrote a sentence, the meaning of which I don’t understand.
②I’ll never forget the day on which she said goodbye to me.

(3)考查根据句意确定介词
①I am looking for my glasses, without which I can’t watch TV clearly.
② He was educated at the local high school, after which he went on to Beijing University.



应用：单句填空
①I wanted to find someone_________ whom I could discuss books and music.
③She was educated at Beijing University, ________which she went on to have her advanced study abroad.
④Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of _________ she spoke fluently.
⑤The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _____ left their village homes for a better life in the city.
with
after
which
whom
定语从句中的主谓一致问题
1.当关系代词that, which, who在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数通常与先行词的数保持一致，即：当先行词是复数时，谓语动词用复数形式，当先行词是单数时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例句：①The students who were referred to just now were all from the same village.
②I, who am your mother ,is not a person that is easy to cheat.
2.在“one of + 复数名词…”后面，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。
例句：The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that have drawn lots of visitors.
3.在“the only /the very one of + 复数名词…”后面，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
例句：The Great Wall is the only (one) of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.
应用：单句语法填空
①The old town has narrow streets and small houses that __ (be) built close to each other.
②Jack is studying in a village school ,which (be) named after his grandfather.
③ Barbara is easy to recognize as she is the only one of the women who _______(wear)evening dress.
④The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which ____ (be) saved for other purposes.
⑤The publication of Great Expectations(远大前程), which______(be)both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.
are
is
wears
were
was
解定语从句三步骤
一找：找出先行词；
二带：把先行词带入定语从句中，组成正确的句子；
三选择：考虑各种情况，确定关系词。
1. A plane is a machine __________ can fly.
2. He knew the teacher _______________ we met yesterday.
3. I saw a woman _________ bag was stolen.
4. The day _____________ I married was June 6, 2004.
5. The hotel ______________ we stayed wasn’t clean.
6. The reason ______________ I’m calling you is to invite you to a party.
that /which
a machine
the teacher
who/whom/that/略
whose
a woman
the day
on the day
a woman's
on which=when
the hotel
in the hotel
in which =where
for the reason
组成正确的句子
which
=why
用正确的关系词填空(I)
1. His father works in a factory __________ makes TV sets.
2. His father works in a factory ______________my grandmather worked.
3. His father works in a factory ____________my grandmather worked in.
4. His father works in a factory in____________my grandmather worked .
5. His father works in a factory ____________ we visited the other day.
6. His father works in a factory __________ gate faces south.
that/which
in which=where
which
the factory
the factoy
the factoy's
the factory
in the factory
which/that/略
the factory
which/that/略
whose
6. I will never forget the day ______________ I met you 3 years ago.
7. I will never forget the day on ___________ I met you 3 years ago.
8. I will never forget the day _____________ I met you on 3 years ago.
9. I will never forget the day ____________ I spent in your house three years ago.
用正确的关系词填空(II)
on which=when
which
which/that/略
which/that/略
on the day
the day
the day
the day

1.(2016全国1)My connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _________ I was the first Western TV reporter.?

2.(2018全国1)They also had a small pond which they raised fish.

体验高考--填空
when
体验高考---改错
^
in或which改为where
定语从句中常见易错点
易错点1　as与which在定语从句中的区别
典例1　A lot of language learning, ________ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
典例2　We recommend that our human beings treat the nature with the same care ________ we give to our eyes.
答题指导：正确判断找出先行词，看是否有“such”“the same”等词的修饰，是否翻译为“正如……”。
as
as
易错点2　关系词在句中的作用判断失误
典例1　Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ________ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.

典例2　Remember that there is still one point ________ we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.
where
that
答题指导：定语从句中先行词为case, point, position, situation等词时，一定要确定它们在定语从句中所作的成分，如作状语，用关系副词where；作主/宾语时，用that或which。
易错点3　定语从句与强调句的判断
典例1　It was in the small house ________ was built with stones by his father ________ he spent his childhood.
典例2　It is few people，________ have come to ask for the position，________ I think are fit for the job.
which
that
　who
that
答题指导：在定语从句与强调句的结合中，“先行词＋定语从句”多为强调句中的被强调部分。第一空的设置多是对定语从句的考查，第二空多为强调句型。
易错点4　由分隔问题而导致的错误
典例1　The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
典例2　Occasions are quite rare ________ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
when
when
答题指导：正确分析句子结构，翻译句子含义，是做好此种题目的关键。
巩固提升
一、用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1.(2016江苏)Many young people, most of _____ were well-
educated ,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
2.(2016江苏)Dashan, _____ has been learning crosstalk（相
声）for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up
tradition.
3.(2014四川) Until now, we have raised 50.000 pounds for the
poor children, _______ is quite unexpected.
4.(2014天津)English is a language shared by several diverse
cultures, each of _______ uses it differently.
5. (2017江苏启东月考）It is a truly delightful place, ________
looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its
winding streets and pretty cottages.
whom
who
which
which
which

6.(2015四川) The books on the desk, ___ covers are shiny, are
prizes for us.
7.(2015重庆) He wrote many children’ s books, nearly half
of_______ were published in the 1990s.
8.(2015安徽) Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill
upon ______school education depends.
9.(2017课标Ⅱ) I first met Paul Newman in 1968, _______George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City.
whose
which
which
when
二、单句改错
1. (2017日照一模)She brought with her three friends, none of which I had ever met before.

2. (2016课标II阅读)This is a good chance for anyone who want to learn how to do comedy.

3. (2015·湖南)It is a truly delightful place，where looks

the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its
winding streets and pretty cottages.
4. (2016·天津)We will put off the picnic in the park until
next week，which the weather may be better.

5. (2017衡水金卷) As a child，Jack studied in a village school，where is named after his grandfather.
?
______
whom
____
wants
_____
which
_____
when
______
which
4. I still remember the years when we studied
together then.
2. The tree, that I planted at 5, still stands by the river.
练习（1）改错
\
3. This is the very person, that I talked with just now.
1. I’m using the pen which he bought it yesterday.
\
which
who/whom
练习（2）用正确的关系词填空
1. Some of the roads were damaged, _____ made their journey more difficult.
2. Yesterday she sold her house, _____ she bought a month ago.
3. Miss Jean, _______ native language was German, could read and write several foreign languages.
4. You can find whatever you need at the shopping centre, ______ is always busy at the weekend.
5. We are living in an age _____ many things are done on computer.
6. I can never forget the day _____ we worked together and the day ________ we spent together.
7. They will fly to Washington, ______ they plan to stay for two or three days.
which
which
whose
which
when
when
which/that
where
练习题3（翻译）
1. This is the book ____________________________ (我想借的).
2. Do you know the girl ___________________________ (她妈妈是位老师)？
3. They visited the house ______________________ (鲁迅工作过的).
4. Uncle Wang is a man ___________________________ (你可以依靠的).
5. My father, _______________ (他是个医生)，can speak English well.
that / which I want to borrow
whose mother is a teacher
where Lu Xun worked
who/ that you can depend on
who is a doctor
6. I am Li Jin,　　 　____________　　????(是学生会主席) in Chenguang Middle School. (2015天津)
7. I would like to interview Zhang Haidi　　　 　　????(她的经历深深鼓舞了我).
8. 　　　　 　????(正如古谚语所说), living without a clear and achievable aim is like sailing without a compass.
9. At no time will I forget the happy time　　　 　 　????(我们一起学习英语).
who is chairman of the Student
whose expierence has inspired me deeply
As an old saying goes
when we studied English together

1. God helps those who help themselves.

2. He who laughs last laughs best.

3. He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
先行词是人！
带定语从句的谚语：
who help themselves
who laughs last
who doesn’t reach the Great Wall
自助者天助之。
谁笑到最后，谁笑的最好。
不到长城非好汉。
找出下列句中的定语从句并翻译

1. All's well that ends well.


2. Not all that glitters is gold.

闪光的未必都是金子。
结果好就一切都好。
先行词是事物！
that ends well
that glitters
找出下列句中的定语从句并翻译
Practice makes perfect