Unit 1
Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking
1、Excuse me, please _______(让路) the passengers behind you.
2、He _______(提议) that the injured boy should be sent to the hospital quickly.
3、Much of the _______(庙) was ruined, but the front was whole, as well as a large hall behind it.
4、My reasons were stated in writing and circulated to all ________(委员会) members.
5、The overall price level is ________(在……范围内) a controllable range and is expected to drop steadily.
6、Llewelyn was _______(mount) the stairs up into the keep(城堡主楼).
7、It is proposed that he _______(give) up smoking.
8、The central issue in the strike was the ______(preserve) of jobs.
9、Many people have applied ______ the job.
10、He was applied to ______(investigate) the issue.
11、选词填空
take part in, give way to, keep balance, make a proposal, lead to, turn to, prevent... from, donate... to, make sure, in danger
1.He always ________ politics.
2.You'd better ________ of your diet.
3.Just ________ you shut the gate after you.
4.They ________ you because they trust you.
5.We refused to ________ their demands.
6.The dam was ________ because of the rising flood.
7.This suggestion will certainly ________ an argument.
8.Further treatment will ________ cancer ________ developing.
9.How much on average do you ________ charity per year?
10.I ________ that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
12、 How does a place become a World Heritage Site (世界遗产保护区)？ It takes a lot of people to decide.
(1) If a country wants one of its places to be on the World Heritage List, it has to ask UNESCO. The place must be important and special. UNESCO put the Great Wall on the list in 1987 because, it said, it was a great part of Chinese culture and beautifully made to go with the land. When a country asks, it must also make a plan for taking care of the place.
(2) The World Heritage Committee of UNESCO talks about different places and decides whether to put them on the list. The committee meets every June. Many experts help the committee to decide.
(3) After a new place goes on the list, UNESCO gives money to help keep it looking good. If a place is in serious danger, it may be put on the List of World Heritage Sites in Danger. UNESCO gives special care and help to those places.
(4) Countries have to give UNESCO regular reports about places on the list. If UNESCO thinks a country isn't taking good enough care of a place, the site will be taken off the list.
1.The passage implies that _______.
A.becoming a World Heritage Site Lakes hard work
B.a place with beautiful scenery is often on the World Heritage List
C.a place which is taken good care of is often on the World Heritage List
D.the Great Wall became a World Heritage Site for its long history
2.If a place successfully becomes a World Heritage Site, the country _______.
A.can ask UNESCO for more money and help
B.should continue to take special care of it
C.won't take trouble caring for it
D.will try to put it on the List of World Heritage Sites in Danger
3.The passage mainly discusses _______.
A.how the World Heritage Committee of UNESCO decides a World Heritage Site
B.how the World Heritage Committee of UNESCO protects a World Heritage Site
C.how the Great Wall becomes a World Heritage Site
D.how a place becomes a World Heritage Site
4.The purpose of putting a place on the World Heritage List is _______.
A.to attract more tourists from other countries
B.to get more money and help from other countries
C.to have it taken better care of
D.to make it known to other countries
13、 This year some twenty-three hundred teenagers (9 young people aged from 13 to 19) from all over the world will spend about ten months in US homes. They will attend US schools, meet US teenagers, and form the impressions of the real America. At the same time, about thirteen hundred American teenagers will go to other countries to learn new languages and gain a new understanding of the rest of the world.
Here is a two-way student exchange in action. Fred, 19, spent last year in Germany with George's family. In turn, George's son Mike spent a year in Fred's home in America.
Fred, a lively young man, knew little German when he arrived, but after two months' study, he began to understand the language. School life was completely different from what he had expected—much harder. Students rose respectfully when the teacher entered the classroom. They studied fourteen subjects instead of the six subjects that are usual in the United States. There were almost no extra-curricular activities.
Family life, too, was different. The father's words were the laws, and all activities were around the family rather than the individual. Fred found the food too simple at first. Also, he missed having a car.
At the same time, in America, Mike, a friendly German boy, was also forming his idea. "l suppose I should criticize(批评) American schools," he said. "The school life is far too easy for us. But I have to say that I like it very much. In Germany we can do nothing but study. Here we can take part in many extra-curricular activities. I think that maybe American schools are better in training citizens. There ought to be some middle ground between the two."
1.The whole exchange program is mainly to _______.
A.help teenagers in other countries know the real America
B.let students learn something about other countries
C.send American students to travel in Germany
D.have teenagers learn new languages
2.What did Fred and Mike agree on?
A.America has better traffic.
B.Americans and Germans were both friendly.
C.Life in German schools was harder than that in American schools.
D.There were more cars on the streets in America.
3.What is particular in American schools?
A.There is some middle ground between the teaching buildings.
B.There are a lot of extra-curricular activities
C.Students usually study 14 subjects in all.
D.Students go outside to enjoy themselves in a car.
4.What did Mike think after experiencing the American school life?
A.The easy life in the American schools was more helpful to students.
B.German schools trained students to be better citizens.
C.American schools were not as good as German schools.
D.A better education should include something good from both American schools and German schools.
14、How to Beat the Procrastination Habit
I am a procrastinator(拖延症患者). I always have been. I've tried all sorts of things to beat the habit. Here are some techniques I've been using：
Set aside blocks of time to do things.
When I was talking with my wellness(健身) coach earlier this year, she asked me why I didn't exercise more often. "①_______," I said. "Something always comes up." She wasn't impressed. "J. D.," she said, "You have to make time. Make an appointment with yourself to run or to go for a bike ride." The same principle applies to other things you might procrastinate.
②_______. Often I'll be sitting on the back porch reading a book, and it will occur to me that some chore needs to be done—mending the fence, for example. "③_______," I tell myself. Wrong! What usually happens is that I forget to write it down, and even if I do, I just look at the list and procrastinate for weeks on end. The best move is to actually do the chore when I think of it. (Assuming, of course, that I have the time at that moment, which I usually do.)
Use a timer to bring you back to reality.
Part of the reason I procrastinate is that I'm a daydreamer. ④_______. One way to keep on track is to use a timer. I use the Ultrak Jumbo Countdown Timer, but not as often as I should. I set it for 48 minutes. When it goes off, ⑤_______: Am I doing what I'm supposed to be doing?
Do not multitask.
I often start many things at once, but I never actually do any of them. In order for me to get something done, I need to focus my attention on it. Trying to do several things at once is a sure way to be sure they'll all be unfinished tomorrow.
A. I don't have the time
B. I'm always lost in thought
C. it brings me back to reality
D. If it comes to mind, then do it
E. it serves as an instant reality check
F. I need to write that down so I can remember it
G. Do it right away if you are asked to do something
答案以及解析
1答案及解析：
答案：give way to
解析：
2答案及解析：
答案：made a proposal
解析：
3答案及解析：
答案：temple
解析：
4答案及解析：
答案：committee
解析：
5答案及解析：
答案：within
解析：
6答案及解析：
答案：mounting
解析：
7答案及解析：
答案：give/should give
解析：
8答案及解析：
答案：preservation
解析：
9答案及解析：
答案：for
解析：
10答案及解析：
答案：investigating
解析：
11答案及解析：
答案：1. takes part in 2. keep balance 3. make sure 4. turn to 5. give way to 6. in danger 7. lead to 8. prevent；from 9.donate to 10. make a proposal
解析：
12答案及解析：
答案：1-4 ABDC
解析：1.推理判断题。由文章的前两点可以看出，一个国家向联合国教科文组织申请到最后申请成功要进行一系列的工作，因此可推测出想要在《世界遗产名录》中榜上有名可不容易。
2.细节理解题。由文中第(4)点中的"If UNESCO thinks a country isn't taking good enough care of a place, the site will be taken off the list."可以看出，即使申请成功，人 们仍需好好保护文化遗产。
3.主旨大意题。短文的开头已经将本文的主题给出，下文是围绕这个主题展开的。
4.推理判断题。使一个地方被列入《世界遗产名录》的目的在短文中没有明确表示，但通过联合国对一个国家的要求可推测出其目的是使之得到更好的保护。
13答案及解析：
答案：1-4 BCBD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的They will attend US schools, meet US teenagers, and form the impressions of the real America. At the same time, about thirteen hundred American teenagers will go to other countries to learn new languages and gain a new understanding of the rest of the world.可知，交换生项目就是为了让学生更多地了解其他国 家。故B项正确。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的School life was completely different from what he had expected~much harder... There were almost no extra-curricular activities. 及第五段中的The school life is far too easy for us...Here we can take part in many extra-curricular activities.可知，Fred和Mike都认为德国的学校生活比美国的学校生活要艰难。故C项正确。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段中的There were almost no extra-curricular activities.及第五段中的Here we can take part in many extra-curricular activities.可知， 美国学校的特别之处在于有很多课外活动，而德国的学校几乎没有课外活动。故B项正确。
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知，Mike认为美国的学校和德国的学校各有所长，美国的学校生活相对轻松，而德国的学校生活相对沉闷。他认为一个好的教育应该汲取双方的长处。故D项正确。
14答案及解析：
答案：1-5 ADFBE
解析：1.根据本空前的"she asked me why I didn't exercise more often." 可知，健身教练问我为什么不经常锻炼。此处是我的回答，故A项I don't have the time"我没有那个时间"符合语境。
2.根据本段内容.特别是最后的结论"The best move is to actually do the chore when I think of it."可知，最好的办法就是想做就做。由此可知，本段讲的是想到了什么事情就要马上去做，故D项If it comes to mind, then do it"如果想到了，就去做"符合语境。
3.根据本空后的"What usually happens is that I forget to write it down, and even if I do, I just look at the list and procrastinate for weeks on end."可知，通常情况是我忘记写下来，即使是写下来，我也只是看看清单，拖延几个星期，故F项"我需要把它写下来，这样我就能记住了"符合语境。
4.根据本空前的"Part of the reason I procrastinate is that I'm a daydreamer."可知，我拖延的部分原因是我喜欢做白日梦，此处承接上文，故B项I'm always lost in thought"我总是陷入沉思"符合语境。
5.根据本空后的"Am I doing what I'm supposed to be doing?"可知，定时器可以让我们检查自己：我做我该做的事了么？故E项 it serves as an instant reality check"它可以作为及时的现实检查"符合语境。
Unit 1
Discovering Useful Structures
1、They were well trained by their masters ______ had great experience with caring for these animals.
2、The students benefitting most from college are those _______ are totally engaged (参与) in academic life.
3、We’re just trying to reach a point both sides will sit down and talk peacefully.
4、One afternoon _______ I was in primary school. I was walking by the school playground.
5、Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris ______ we will visit Disneyland Paris park.
6、On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _______ gives off light in the dark.
7、We have entered into an age ______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
8、Kate， sister I shared a room with when we were at college， has gone to work in Australia.
9、Mike lived on Lincoln Road, many important people lived.
10、I'd like a room window faces the sea.
11、She may fall ill. In that case she will have to be taken to the hospital at once.(合成定语从句)
12、He explained the reason at the meeting. The reason surprised us. (合成定语从句)
13、We paid a visit to a school last week. This is the school. (合成定语从句)
14、The student will organize the party of our school. We saw him at the school gate.
The student ______________ will organize the party of our school.
15、I want to talk to the boys. Their homework hasn't been handed in.
I want to talk to the boys ________________.
16、 Robeson was born in a very poor family. At seven, he had to pick coal in a deserted(被遗弃的) mine near his home. Then he sold what he had picked and 1 a few coins to help his parents. He had little 2 because of being so poor. How could his parents 3 his school fees? When he was fifteen, he worked 4 a waiter in a school. Seeing other children studying in the classroom, he felt 5 for himself. How he 6 to have the same chance! He decided to study by 7 . In the daytime, after the sweeping and cleaning was over, he 8 stand by the window outside the classroom trying to catch what the teacher said. At night, he tried his best to remember what he 9 during the day. He worked 10 at his lessons that he sometimes had just three or four hours to sleep. The more he learned, the greater 11 he showed in his lessons. A maths teacher discovered him and liked this diligent boy and 12 him to sit at the back of the classroom. In one exam, he was the 13 one in the whole school who got full marks. He would have been given the scholarship if he had been a 14 student of the school.
Robeson 15 through six long years with his study of maths and wrote several articles which attracted the 16 of some university professors. They admired his talent 17 his diligence. To give him a good chance, they hired him as a librarian and 18 him free guidance. Robeson felt 19 , for he was sure that before him there was a broad road 20 success.
1. A. hid B. spared C. borrowed D. earned
2. A. food B. time C. schooling D. rest
3. A. spend B. afford C. waste D. support
4. A. as B. like C. for D. by
5. A. angry B. ashamed C. proud D. sorry
6. A. hated B. decided C. wished D. regretted
7. A. the teacher B. himself C. his parents D. his classmates
8. A. could B. ought to C. should D. would
9. A. had learned B. has been taught C. has seen D. had been written down
10. A. well B. hard C. carelessly D. hardly
11. A. joy B. interest C. time D. taste
12. A. allowed B. agreed C. let D. refused
13. A. worst B. only C. last D. laziest
14. A. regular B. part-time C. best D. wealthy
15. A. learned B. gained C. mastered D. struggled
16. A. breath B. influence C. eyes D. attention
17. A. except for B. according to C. as well as D. in spite of
18. A. taught B. offered C. lent D.sent
19. A. sad B. angry C. happy D. disappointed
20. A. leading to B. coming from C. made of D. covered with
17、 Our grandparents seem to have magic powers sometimes. Give them a Chinese lunar calendar 1._______ they will know what the weather will be like days or even months later.
What's the secret? They are following the 24 Solar Terms(节气), 2._______ were added on Nov. 30, 2016 to the list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity(人类非物质文化遗产) by the United Nations(UN). They are a knowledge system and social practice 3._______(form) through people's observations(观察) of the sun's annual movements and its influence on the climate.
The 24 Solar Terms 4._______(come) into being during the Qin and Han 5._______(dynasty). At that time, most Chinese people made their living on farms, so weather changes were 6._______(extreme) important for them. But of course, they had no satellite(卫星), Internet or weather broadcast 7._______(help) them. 8._______ these difficulties, they managed to work out 24 Solar Terms by studying the sun's movements and also 9._______(pay) attention to other natural changes such as air temperature, water and crop growth.
It is honored as China's 10._______(five) great invention, after papermaking, printing，the compass and gunpowder. Now, it is still widely used in our daily life even in the age of technology-based modern farming.
答案以及解析
1答案及解析：
答案：who/that
解析：分析句子结构可知，该空是定语从句的关系词，先行词是“their masters”且关系词在从句中做主语，故用who/that。
2答案及解析：
答案：who/that
解析：
3答案及解析：
答案：
1.客观填空 where
解析：空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词point,"处境,情况",为抽象地点状语,故用where。
4答案及解析：
答案：when
解析：
5答案及解析：
答案：where
解析：
6答案及解析：
答案：that/which
解析：
7答案及解析：
答案：when
解析：
8答案及解析：
答案：whose
解析：此处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作定语 修饰 sister，故填 whose。
9答案及解析：
答案：
1.客观填空 where
解析：空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词指地点, 空处指代先行词且在从句中作地点状语,故填where。
10答案及解析：
答案：
1.客观填空 whose
解析：句意:我想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间。空处引导定语从句,指代先行词a room,与window为所属关系,并在从句中作定语,故填whose。
11答案及解析：
答案：She may fall ill, in which case she will have to be taken to the hospital at once.
解析：
12答案及解析：
答案：The reason (that) he explained at the meeting surprised us.
解析：
13答案及解析：
答案：This is the school (that) we paid a visit to last week.
解析：
14答案及解析：
答案：(who/whom/that) we saw at the school gate
解析：
15答案及解析：
答案：whose homework hasn't been handed in
解析：
16答案及解析：
答案：1-5 DCBAD 6-10 CBDAB 11-15 BABAD 16-20 DCBCA
解析： 1.根据上文中的Then he sold what he had picked.可知，Robeson通过卖煤赚一点钱补贴家用。earn赚得，挣得。
2.根据下文内容可知，由于家境贫寒，Robeson几乎没有接受过学校教育。schooling学校教育。
3.根据语境可知,由于家境贫寒，他的父母不可能支付得起他的学费。afford支付得起。
4.work as意为从事……工作。15岁时， Robeson在一所学校做服务员。
5.看到别的孩子在教室里学习.Robeson为自己感到难过(sorry)。其他选项不符合语境。
6.此处表达的是Robeson的心愿，他多么希望自己也能拥有同样的读书机会呀！
7.根据下文内容可知，Robeson决定自学。
8.would在此表示总是，老是，此处是说Robeson在白天干完活后，总是站在教室的窗外听老师讲课。
9.到了晚上,Robeson就尽最大的努力记住白天学到的东西。此处表示发生在过去的过去的动作，故用过去完成时。
10.此处表示他学习非常刻苦，有时只有三四个小时的睡眠时间，故用hard，意为努力地。
11.他学到的东西越多，他对功课就越感兴趣。此处考查固定短语show interest in sth.,意为对某事表现出兴趣。
12.allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事。一位数学老师非常喜欢这个勤奋的男孩，他允许Robeson坐到教室的后面听课。
13.根据语境可知，在一次考试中，Robeson是全校唯一一个获得满分的人。
14.如果Robeson是这所学校的正式学生(regular student)的话，他就能获得奖学金了。
15.对家境贫寒的Robeson来说，坚持长达六年的学习肯定不容易，所以只有struggle一词能描述他的境况。
16.根据下文内容可知,Robeson写的几篇文章引起了 一些大学教授的注意。attract the attention of sb.吸引某人的注意。
17.这些教授欣赏他的天赋以及勤奋。空前的talent与空后的diligence是并列关系，故选as well as。
18.为了给Robeson—个好机会，这些教授聘他当图书管理员，并给他提供免费的指导。offer sb.sth.给某人提供某物。
19.根据上下文内容可知，Robeson感到非常开心，因为有了大学教授的帮助，他确信自己未来会成功。
10.lead to在此意为通向，此处指Robeson确信前面有一条通向成功的宽广大道。
17答案及解析：
答案：1.and 2.which 3.formed 4.came 5.dynasties 6.extremely 7.to help 8.Despite 9.paying 10.fifth
解析：1.句意:给他们一份中国农历.他们就会知道几天甚至几个月后的天气怎么样。此处考查“祈使句+and/or +简单句”句型，由句意可知应填and。
2.此处which引导非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中做主语，修饰"the 24 Solar Terms"。故填which。
3.使用过去分词做后置定语，修饰"a knowledge system and social practice", a knowledge system and social practice和form之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。故填 formed。
4.由空后的时间状语"during the Qin and Han 5._______(dynasty)"可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填came。
5.dynasty是可数名词，因为是秦朝和汉朝，用复数形式。故填dynasties。
6.修饰形容词important,用副词。故填 extremely。
7.此处不定式做目的状语。故填to help。
8.虽然有这些困难，他们还是成功地确立了二十四节气。这里需要介词，表示转折的介词是despite。故填 Despite。
9.此处和studying并列做by的宾语，用v. -ing。故填paying。
10.它被誉为中国第五大发明。此处应使用序数词，故填fifth。
Unit 1
Reading for Writing
1、A computer in the machine _______(创建了一个图像) on the screen. (create)
2、Singapore is regarded as ______(交汇点) between the East and the West. (point)
3、I find he studies _______(和……一样努力) his brother. (as)
4、I'm sorry I forgot. I was _________(有点) busy.
5、Several of the members have _______(提出) suggestions of their own.
6、Ben Nevis, in Scotland, is Britain’s ______(high) mountain.
7、Britain and France have expressed some disagreement with the ______(propose).
8、Beside the ______(enter) to the church, turn right.
9、All kinds of _______(tradition) craft industries are preserved here.
10、In my opinion, she dealt with the matter ______(perfect) fairly and reasonably.
11、 You will meet many people in school, in college and at work. They'll try to have nicer cars, bigger houses, nicer clothes, and so on. To them, life is a 1._______(compete)—they have to do 2._______(good) than their peers(同龄人) to be happy.
Here's a secret: Life isn't a competition. It's a journey. If you spend it always 3._______(try) to impress others, you're wasting your life. Instead, learn to enjoy the journey. Make it a journey of happiness, of continual improvement，and filled with love.
Don't worry 4._______ having a nicer car or house or anything material, or even 5._______ better-paying job. None of them matters, and none of them will make you happier. You'll acquire these 6._______(thing) and then only want more. Instead, learn to be 7._______(satisfy) with having enough and then use the time 8._______ would have been wasted to try to earn money to buy those things.
Find your passion, and go after it 9._______(constant). Don't work for only paying the bills. Life is too short 10._______(waste) on the job you hate.
12、 Two-thirds of the world’s major rivers have now been disrupted(中断) with more than 50,000 dams in an attempt to store water and provide power. In the US, there are more than 85,000 dams, disrupting large and small rivers and in most cases transforming natural flow. The most famous of these, the Hoover Dam constructed in the 1930’s, is mainly responsible for the fact that the Colorado River no longer reaches the ocean.
Dams, besides all their attractive benefits, also have negative impacts. Creating a reservoir(水库) means a large area must be flooded. Communities may lose their land houses and cultural relies(遗址). Down stream of a dam, the flow may be reduced so that farmers cannot irrigate their fields.
Environmentally, the new reservoir can be a paradise for wildlife especially birds. However, it can cause greenhouse gas emissions(排放) and poison the water for fish. Also, the dramatic rise and fall of water levels during dam releases is too extreme for plants and animals to cope with, resulting in dead zones around the shores of reservoirs. Fish that lay their eggs in the shallows, for example, may find a few hours later that those sites are high and dry.
Dams don't just block water flow. The flow may be reduced so that farmers will have great trouble getting water for their fields. They also prevent fish migrations and are a barrier to sediment(沉淀物) flows. Instead of rushing downriver, sediments get backed up against the dam wall, which causes the reservoir level to increase over time. However, sediments which are rich in nutrients have become a problem. The fertility of the entire system can be influenced be influenced by soils lost during seasonal rains, not being replaced.
Perhaps the biggest problem can be seen in deltas(三角洲), often host to large cities, which are sinking into the oceans. Groundwater is being extracted to feed the city, causing the urban weight to sink and sediments washed away by the ocean are no longer being replaced. The result is that sea level rises in cities from Shanghai to Alexandria.
1.What effects does creating a reservoir have on people's life?
a. People will see fewer birds near the rivers.
b. Farmers below the dam may have less water to irrigate their fields.
c. Visitors can't see some cultural relics anymore.
d. More conflicts and wars over water will break out.
e. All kinds of fish will become extinct in the future.
A.b c
B.c e
C.b e
D.a d
2.With many dams built across rivers, fish will _______.
A.find more places to lay their eggs
B.face a more dangerous living habitat
C.feed on more sediments rich in nutrients
D.find it easier to deal with the rise of water
3.How can dams influence the cities like Shanghai?
A.The rainy season will last longer
B.Rich soils will be washed away
C.Their entire system will be influenced
D.They will lie below sea level in the future
4.What does the text mainly talk about?
A.Economic gain of dams
B.Cultural loss of dams
C.Environmental loss of dams
D.Environmental benefits of dams
答案以及解析
1答案及解析：
答案：created an image
解析：
2答案及解析：
答案：a meeting point
解析：
3答案及解析：
答案：as hard as
解析：
4答案及解析：
答案：kind of
解析：
5答案及解析：
答案：come up with
解析：
6答案及解析：
答案：highest
解析：
7答案及解析：
答案：proposal
解析：
8答案及解析：
答案：entrance
解析：
9答案及解析：
答案：traditional
解析：
10答案及解析：
答案：perfectly
解析：
11答案及解析：
答案：1.competition 2.better 3.trying 4.about 5.a 6.things 7.satisfied 8.which/that 9.constantly 10.to waste
解析： 1.根据空格前面的不定冠词a可知填单数名词。
2.根据空后的"than"可知填比较级。
3.spend... doing sth.是固定用法，表示“花费……做某事”。
4.worry about是固定搭配，表示“担忧......”。
5.泛指“一份收入更高的工作”用不定冠词。
6.空前有限定词"these"，填复数名词。
7.be satisfied with…意为“对......感到满意”，是固定短语。
8.time后面是定语从句，所填词引导该从句并做主语，用which或that。
9.修饰动词短语go after用副词。
10.此处是too...to…结构，表示“太......而不能……”。
12答案及解析：
答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.D; 4.C
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段Communities may lose their land houses and cultural relies和that farmers cannot irrigate their fields可知，随着大坝的修建，蓄水淹没了一些文化遗迹，并且导致下游 的农民无法灌溉农作物。故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的it can cause greenhouse gas emissions and poison the water for fish.可知，随着大坝的修建， 蓄水会释放出温室气体，使水有毒，所以鱼的生活环境会变得危险。故选B。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的often host to large cities, which are sinking into the oceans.以及最后一句可知，未来有一天，上海将会被海水淹没。故选D。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是修建大坝对环境造成的不利影响。故选C。
