课件32张PPT。课件61张PPT。课件26张PPT。课件64张PPT。课件12张PPT。课时作业 13
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Ottawa is the capital of Canada. It is the second largest city in Ontario and the fourth largest city in the country.
The Centre Block is the main building on Parliament Hill (国会山). It is also the location of several ceremonial spaces, such as the Hall of Honor and the Memorial Chamber. The present Centre Block is the second iteration of the building, after the first was destroyed by fire in 1916, and it is one of the most recognizable buildings in Canada.
Downtown Ottawa is the commercial and economic centre of the city. Most of the buildings are office towers. While most of Ottawa's high tech industry is based elsewhere, it has a significant presence in the downtown core. The downtown also contains a number of apartments, hotels, and the older single family homes and townhouses along its edges.
The National Gallery of Canada is one of Canada's premier art galleries. The Gallery has a large and varied collection of paintings, drawings, sculpture and photographs. Although its focus is on Canadian art, it also holds works by some noted American and European artists.
The Rideau Canal is the oldest continuously operated canal system in North America. At the very beginning, the purpose of the Rideau Canal was military, as it was intended to provide a secure supply and communication route between Montreal and the British naval base in Kingston. It remains in use today primarily for pleasure boating, with most of its original structures undamaged. The locks on the system open for navigation in mid-May and close in mid-October.
【语篇解读】 文章描写了加拿大渥太华著名的几处地方，并分别对这几处地方进行详细的说明。
1．The underlined word “iteration” in the 2nd paragraph probably means “________”．
A．repair B．design
C．copy D．landmark
答案与解析：C 词义猜测题。从第二段“The present Centre Block is the second iteration of the building, after the first was destroyed by fire in 1916.”可知，现如今的中央街区是重新翻修的，以前的那一座在1916的大火中被毁坏了。所以iteration的意思相当于copy“复制品”，故选C。
2．In the core of Downtown Ottawa, we could see ________.
A．a large number of tall towers
B．head offices of Ottawa's high tech industry
C．a number of apartments and hotels
D．the older single family homes and townhouses
答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Most of the buildings are office towers. While most of Ottawa's high tech industry is based elsewhere, it has a significant presence in the downtown core.”可知在渥太华的市中心都是办公大楼，而且主要是高科技行业的办公大楼。
3．Collections in the National Gallery of Canada are mainly ________.
A．paintings and drawings
B．sculpture and photographs
C．works by Canadian artists
D．artwork by Americans and Europeans
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The Gallery has a large and varied... Although its focus is on Canadian art, it also holds works by some noted American and European artists.”可知，主要收藏的是各种各样的画以及雕像、照片。它主要是收藏加拿大人的艺术作品，同时也收藏一些著名的美国人和欧洲人的作品，故选C。
4．Which of the following is TRUE about the Rideau Canal?
A．It is the oldest canal system in North America.
B．It was originally for the military purpose.
C．The original structures remain never changed.
D．People can only go boating from May to October.
答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段“At the very beginning, the purpose of the Rideau Canal was military”可知，最初的目的是用于军事。
B
You'll be likely to become angry if you don't get a good night's sleep, a new paper reports. Cutting a few hours of sleep out of your schedule isn't as good an idea as it may appear. Researchers at the Iowa State University report that missing sleep will make you angrier, leaving you ill-equipped to deal with uneasy situations. This is one of the first studies to provide evidence that sleep loss causes anger.
The link between lack (短缺) of sleep and negative moods (anger included) has been proved in past research, but the problem is that we know that the two come together, but not that whether one causes the other. In the current study, Krizan and co-author Garrett Hisler, an ISU doctoral student, deal with this question.
Under the study, volunteers were divided into two groups. The control group followed their normal sleep routine, while the experimental group cut two to four hours of sleep each night for two nights. On average, the control group got almost seven hours of sleep a night, while the experimental group got about four and a half hours each night.
In order to measure anger, they had volunteers visit the lab before and after the sleep manipulation (操纵). All the while, they were asked to listen to some unpleasant brown and white noise. Krizan says the purpose was to create uncomfortable conditions.
“In general, anger was much higher for those whose sleep was restricted (限制)，” Krizan said. “We manipulated how unpleasant the noise was during the task. As expected, volunteers reported more anger when the noise was more unpleasant. When sleep was restricted, people reported even more anger, regardless of the noise.”
Sleep loss is known to increase negative moods, such as anxiety and sadness, and decrease positive moods, such as happiness and excitement. However, the team says they found that sleep loss uniquely affected anger.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。大家都知道睡眠不足和坏情绪之间有联系，但是之前的研究都没有表明到底是睡眠不足引起了愤怒，还是愤怒引起了睡眠不足。最新的一项研究给出了答案。
5．What did the study mentioned find out?
A．Some disadvantages of sleeping less.
B．Some signs of having poor-quality sleep.
C．The link between lack of sleep and negative moods.
D．The cause-effect relationship between sleep loss and anger.
答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第一段的“This is one of the first studies to provide evidence that sleep loss causes anger”以及第二段内容可知，文中提到的那个研究是发现了睡眠不足和怒气之间的因果关系。
6．What's the purpose of asking the volunteers to listen to unpleasant noise?
A．To make them angry.
B．To make them awake.
C．To take their attention away.
D．To affect their thinking ability.
答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据第四段的“In order to measure anger”和“Krizan says the purpose was to create uncomfortable conditions.”以及后面的实验结果可推测，这个实验中的噪音主要是想制造一个令人不舒服的环境，激起志愿者们的怒气。
7．From what Krizan said, we know ________.
A．the reasons for the study
B．the findings of the study
C．the process of the study
D．the method used in the study
答案与解析：B 细节理解题。从倒数第二段Krizan说的话中，我们可以知道关于这个研究的一些发现。
C
If anyone who has ridden a horse for any length of time told you they have never felt any fear, they would be dishonest. You may prefer to call it “respect” instead of fear, but it's always a fact that the 1,000-pound or so animal you are sitting on is, physically, more powerful than you are.
A bad experience, usually something that cannot be avoided no matter what the rider does, can turn healthy respect to fear. Once a rider has been physically hurt, it will take him/her a while to rebuild confidence. The old idea promised that if you just got right back on again, everything would be fine. However, suppressing (抑制) fear seldom works. Besides, suppressing fear doesn't help to tell the rider to “just get over it”．
Fear is usually related to the rider's skill level. The best way to overcome riding fears is to work on developing good riding skills. Having good riding skills gives the rider the confidence that he or she has the ability to ride a horse and to deal with anything the horse might do. Riders also need to develop habits that allow them to stay mentally and emotionally calm in a relaxed way when their horse becomes excited or frightened. Their partners also have to keep calm in order to bring the other back to that state.
It is hard to get past your fear when you work by yourself. Finding an experienced instructor who knows your confidence crisis (危机) is important. You need someone who understands how to back up and find the point where you are comfortably riding. Having the right horse or horses can also be important when you are learning to ride horses and trying to rebuild confidence. We are fortunate here at Meredith Manor to have 130 to 150 horses to choose from when our instructors sit down to make weekly horse assignment (分配) for each learner.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。学骑马的时候心里害怕很正常，作者在本文提供了几点建议帮助骑马者克服这种害怕。
8．What does the author want to show in Paragraph 1?
A．Horses are really powerful.
B．Some horse riders can be dishonest.
C．It's common for horse riders to fear.
D．Horse riders should respect their horses.
答案与解析：C 主旨大意题。根据第一段的内容可知，本段主要是在阐释：每个骑过马的人都曾感到过害怕，这是很普遍的事情。
9．According to the old idea, after a bad horse riding experience, we should ________.
A．try horse riding again at once
B．tell ourselves to just get over it
C．turn our fears into healthy respect
D．avoid riding a horse for some time
答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第二段的“The old idea promised that if you just got right back on again, everything would be fine.”可知，老观点认为，一次失败的经历之后，我们可以通过立即再次尝试来克服恐惧。
10．What does the author think is the best way to overcome riding fears?
A．Improving our horse riding skills.
B．Learning to stay calm in an accident.
C．Finding the point of comfortably riding.
D．Seeking help from an experienced partner.
答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第三段的“The best way to overcome riding fears is to work on developing good riding skills.”可知，作者认为克服骑马恐惧最好的方法是提升骑马的技能。
Ⅱ.七选五
When you prepare to go mountain biking, there are a few things to keep in mind. __1__ Work out whether you plan on taking exciting trips far off the beaten path or riding on more standard trails (小道), and whether you want to complete long-distance mountain journeys or shorter ones.
The next step is to make sure you have a good understanding of the International Mountain Bicycling Association's Rules of the Trail. __2__ First, make sure to only ride on open trails. This means staying away from private areas, closed roads, and especially wilderness areas. Be considerate of others who are using the same paths as you, be the mountain bikers, horseback riders, or mountain climbers.
The third step is to make sure you have a bike that is suitable for the type of riding you plan to do. __3__ Don't be afraid to shop around quite a bit — after all, this is something you'll be spending quite some time on, and a bad fit can make for a lot of suffering down the trail.
Finally, get gear (装备) together for your trip and choose some trails. Always make sure you are entirely self-sufficient (自给自足的) on the trail. __4__ It is also important to carry a good helmet (头盔), and the tools or supplies you'll need to do quick repairs or changes if the weather turns. __5__
A．Be careful of animals on the path.
B．Make sure to carry enough water and food.
C．Test ride different bikes to find the right one for you.
D．Choose short runs that can help you get used to the sport.
E．The first step is to decide what sort of riding you plan to do.
F．In a word, don't get yourself in trouble and cause trouble to others.
G．Make sure you look after your environment and get on with others along the way.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了进行山地自行车运动时需要注意的几个事项。
答案与解析：
1．E 下文中的“whether you plan on taking exciting trips... or shorter ones”涉及几种不同的山地自行车运动方式，与E项中的“what sort of riding you plan to do”在语意上相符。
2．G 下文中的“make sure to only ride on open trails”和“Be considerate of others who are using the same paths as you”介绍骑行时要注意保护自然环境，并且照顾到同路的他人的感受，这些与G项中的“look after your environment and get on with others along the way”一致。
3．C 上文中的“have a bike that is suitable for the type of riding you plan to do”与C项内容一致，涉及合适的自行车的选择问题。
4．B B项中的“water and food”属于上文中的gear，即骑行途中需要的装备。
5．F 上文介绍骑行前做好装备的准备工作，F项便是这些准备工作的目的，即不让自己陷入困境，同时也不给别人添麻烦。
课时作业 14
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Every year thousands of tourists from the five continents (continent) visit this beautiful city.
2．Some young people spend their free time using smartphones for chatting (chat)．
3．The school covers an area of 24,000 square metres, with bushes and flowers surrounding (surround) every building.
4．There are five trees in his garden, two of them measuring (measure) five metres.
5．His mother raised her head slightly (slight) upward and said，“Tom is the cleverest child in our family.”
6．When I study English, I like to put my dictionary within my reach so that I can consult it when necessary.
7．All the work finished (finish), the workers left the factory.
8．Although it was a hard problem，he managed to_settle (settle) it all by himself at last.
9．Walking (walk) straight ahead, the students went out of the classroom one by one.
10．The fact worries the public that about a third of English school children are overweight.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Hidden in the mountains of Jordan is the beautiful ancient city of Petra. It lay in ruins for more than a thousand years.
Petra was built in 312 BC by the Nabataeans who were an ancient southern Arab people. They were very skilled at carving (刻). It is no wonder that this ancient city has so much to offer!
In 363 AD, the city suffered from terrible earthquakes that left most of the city damaged. The buildings and the city's water system were affected. A Swiss explorer, Johann Ludwig Burckhardt, discovered this city of wonders in 1812. Until he discovered Petra, it had been unheard of in the Western world for about 5 centuries!
Petra is the Greek word for stone and this name makes perfect sense because of where the city is located and how some of it is carved into the rock. The ancient city of Petra is also known as the “Rose City”. This is because the rock in which the city is built is a rose-red colour. Many of the buildings of Petra have beautiful facades (正面). Some of the facades have columns (柱) carved into the rock, but they are for decoration and they don't actually hold anything up.
Petra was built in the middle of the desert, where it hardly ever rained. Luckily, the Nabataeans were very skilled engineers and knew how to live in a hot and dry place. First, they carved channels (渠) to bring water from a nearby spring into the city. Rainwater was also collected in underground channels. The water was then stored. So, even in the long dry months there was enough water for people to use.
Today, Petra is one of the world's most famous ancient sites and people come from all over the world to visit it.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。作者在文中介绍了古城佩特拉。
1．What do we know about Petra?
A．It was built on high mountains.
B．It has a history of five centuries.
C．It was destroyed by earthquakes.
D．It was first visited by westerners in 363.
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。由第三段中的“In 363 AD, the city suffered from terrible earthquakes that left most of the city damaged”可知，这座古城被地震毁了。
2．Why was the city named “Petra”？
A．Some of it looked rose-red.
B．Some of it was filled with roses.
C．Some of it was home to animals.
D．Some of it was built into the rock.
答案与解析：D 细节理解题。由第四段中的“Petra is the Greek word for stone and this name makes perfect sense because of where the city is located and how some of it is carved into the rock”可知答案。
3．What is the purpose of the columns?
A．To beautify the buildings.
B．To support the buildings.
C．To fun_ction as gates.
D．To serve as tools.
答案与解析：A 细节理解题。由第四段中的“they are for decoration and they don't actually hold anything up”可知，这些柱子没有实际作用，装饰而已。
4．Which word can best describe the Nabataeans?
A．Honest. B．Creative.
C．Hard-working. D．Well-educated.
答案与解析：B 推理判断题。由倒数第二段可知，纳巴泰人在沙漠上建起了佩特拉城，并用很智慧的方式解决了沙漠的缺水问题。
Ⅲ.完形填空
Kelvin Doe is a child from a very poor district of Freetown, Sierra Leone's capital city. The area is in such __1__ shape that the lights only come up once a week. At the age of 10, he started __2__ rubbish dumps (垃圾场) for small electronics parts after school. Then he would spend his time __3__ how they work. __4__ he was very young and didn't receive traditional engineering education, this didn't __5__ Doe's dream of helping solve the local problems in his community.
At the age of 13, after he tried many times, he finally __6__ a generator (发电机) using materials he had __7__ around the house or from rubbish dumps. From then on, Kelvin Doe became a completely __8__ engineer. He then built a radio station by using recycled materials. He reported news and played music under the __9__ of DJ Focus and __10__ his friends as workers in the station. “They call me DJ Focus. I am confident. I always __11__ if I focus, I can complete anything seeming to be __12__，” Doe said in a YouTube video.
He had __13__ been more than 10 miles from his home in Freetown until he attended a national invention competition. There, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) __14__ such a smart boy, David Sengeh, a PhD student at MIT, recognized his amazing __15__ right away. “Doe's story is very __16__. He made a generator because he __17__ it，” Sengeh said. “Doe's __18__ in the YouTube video have had a big __19__ on me and on millions of people all over the world. In Sierra Leone, other young people suddenly feel they can be __20__ Doe.” Kelvin was later invited to give a talk at the TEDxTeen in 2012 to Harvard Students. “Creativity can be found in places where one does not expect to find it，” said Kelvin during the talk.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。一位来自非洲塞拉利昂的名叫Kelvin Doe的小男生通过自学搭建了一个无线电台设备，并且自己当起这个电台的DJ，通过它向当地社区播放新闻和音乐。
1．A.attractive B．simple
C．interesting D．bad
答案与解析：D 根据上文的“from a very poor district of Freetown, Sierra Leone's capital city.”以及下文的“... the lights only come up once a week.”可知，这个地区的情况非常“糟糕”。
2．A.mistaking B．designing
C．searching D．exchanging
答案与解析：C 根据上下文内容可知，十岁时，Kelvin Doe开始放学后在垃圾场中“寻找”电子产品的零部件。
3．A.studying B．explaining
C．discussing D．considering
答案与解析：A 根据下文的“... how they work.”可知，然后他花时间“研究”这些零件的构造。
4．A.If B．Although
C．Once D．Since
答案与解析：B 根据下文的“... he was very young and didn't receive traditional engineering education, this didn't...”可知，前后两句是让步关系，故用Although。
5．A.show B．wake
C．stop D．mention
答案与解析：C 根据上文的“... he was very young and didn't receive traditional engineering education...”可知，尽管他很小且没受过传统的工科教育，但是这没有“阻止”他帮助社区解决当地问题的梦想。
6．A.reused B．created
C．repaired D．mixed
答案与解析：B 根据上下文可知，十三岁时，Kelvin Doe终于“自制”了一台发电机。
7．A.recycled B．divided
C．stolen D．borrowed
答案与解析：A 根据上文的“... rubbish dumps for small electronics parts...”可知，电池和发电机是用他在家周围或垃圾场“回收”来的材料制成的。
8．A.warm-hearted B．easy-going
C．hard-working D．self-taught
答案与解析：D 根据上文的“didn't receive traditional engineering education”可知，Kelvin Doe完全是一个“自学”成才的工程师。
9．A.action B．guidance
C．control D．name
答案与解析：D 根据下文的“They call me DJ Focus.”可知，他用回收的材料搭建了一个无线电台设备，并且以DJ Focus的“名字”向当地社区播放新闻和音乐。
10．A.employed B．served
C．regarded D．treated
答案与解析：A 根据下文的“as workers in the station.”可知，他“雇用”他的朋友当电台的工作人员。
11．A.wish B．believe
C．predict D．worry
答案与解析：B 根据上文的“I am confident.”可知，Kelvin Doe很自信，并一直“相信”如果自己专注，肯定会完成看似不可能的事情。
12．A.impossible B．imperfect
C．unreasonable D．unfinished
答案与解析：A 根据语境可知，Kelvin Doe一直相信如果自己专注，肯定会完成似乎“不可能的”事情。
13．A.already B．just
C．never D．always
答案与解析：C 根据下文的“been more than 10 miles from his home in Freetown until he attended a national invention competition.”可知，他“从未”离家超过十英里，直到参加了全国性的发明比赛。
14．A.discovered B．educated
C．saved D．introduced
答案与解析：A 根据语境可知，这场比赛中，麻省理工学院“发现”了这个聪明的男孩。
15．A.suggestions B．skills
C．goals D．experiences
答案与解析：B 根据语境可知，David Sengeh立即看出Kelvin Doe不可多得的“技能”。
16．A.true B．encouraging
C．tragic D．amusing
答案与解析：B 根据上下文的内容可知，Kelvin Doe的故事非常“鼓舞人心”。
17．A.sold B．researched
C．recognized D．needed
答案与解析：D 根据上文的“the lights only come up once a week.”可知，Kelvin Doe自制发电机是因为他“需要”它。
18．A.performances B．advertisements
C．words D．expressions
答案与解析：C 根据上文的“Doe said in a YouTube video.”以及下文的“in the YouTube video”可知，这里指Kelvin Doe在YouTube视频中所说的“话”。
19．A.expectation B．impression
C．influence D．pressure
答案与解析：C 根据语境可知，Kelvin Doe在YouTube视频中所说的话对Davide Sengeh以及全世界千百万的人都有着很大的“影响”。
20．A.beside B．against
C．for D．like
答案与解析：D 根据语境可知，在塞拉利昂，其他年轻人突然觉得他们也可以“像”Kelvin Doe一样。
Ⅳ.短文改错
When I was four year old, my older sister and I had very few money. But we used to getting a few coins from relatives, like ours grandparents. My sister always asks me to swap my old and dirty coins for her new shiny ones. I was very happily to do that. What I didn't realize of was that the coins she was giving me was worth less than the ones I was giving her. I learned two things in that experience: one was how to count and other was never to trust my sister with money.
答案：
When I was four old, my older sister and I had very money. But we used to a few coins from relatives, like grandparents. My sister always me to swap my old and dirty coins for her new shiny ones. I was very to do that. What I didn't realize was that the coins she was giving me worth less than the ones I was giving her. I learned two things that experience: one was how to count and other was never to trust my sister with money.
课时作业 15
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I'm quite pleased (please) to be your guide for the Day Tour to the Forbidden City.
2．Earlier reports were unable to_confirm (confirm) whether there were still survivors in the accident.
3．Golf has gained popularity among the wealthy (wealth) people in this country.
4．It was a misty (mist) morning, so we drove the car slowly.
5．His new play is a strange mixture (mix) of sadness and humour.
6．When Alice saw the snake, she felt very terrified (terrify)．
7．The bridge is not as impressive (impress) as some guides have said about it.
8．Due to a technical problem, the concert will start approximately (approximate) half an hour later.
9．For college students, doing part-time jobs will broaden (broad) their horizons.
10．[2019·山东菏泽高一期末]The Spring Festival is one of the most important traditional (tradition) festivals in China.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Banff National Park is Canada's first national park. In 1883, on the Canadian Rocky Mountains, three railway workers discovered a natural hot spring, and from there the park was born. Nowadays, it is one of the world's popular tourist spots with great mountain scenery. Every year, millions of people visit it for its wonderful views.
Banff National Park is part of UNESCO's Canadian Rocky Mountain World Heritage site. Located in the heart of the Canadian Rockies, the park has perfect mountains like those on postcards. They are from 45 to 120 million years old, with the highest in the park, Mount Forbes, coming in at 11,850 feet.
Banff National Park is 80 miles west of Calgary. Calgary's international airport is serviced by major national and international carriers with many flights arriving daily. Open year-round, it offers amazing wildlife viewing and sightseeing, plus many shopping and dining choices, any time of the year. Summer is popular for hiking, mountain biking and cycling, photography, and climbing. The best time for viewing the seasonal color is fall, when the trees turn yellow.
In winter, the mountain makes exciting downhill (速降) and cross-country skiing. In fact, three major downhill ski resorts (度假胜地) operate within the park. Lake Louise Ski Resort, Sunshine Village, and Mount Norquay combine to offer a large area for skiing, not to mention the backcountry trails available throughout the park. The ski season, which runs from November to May, is one of the longest in North America. Visitors can also enjoy wildlife tours, ice walks, and dogsleds (雪橇)．
Weather in the Canadian Rockies can change quickly. A single day can have a mix of sunshine, snow, wind, and rain, so you should change your clothes. In summer, temperatures average a high of 70? (21 ℃), and daylight lasts until 11 p．m. Autumn brings cool nights and fresh air. Winters can be very cold. In January, the average temperature is 7 ℃ below zero, but by April it is 9 ℃.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加拿大第一个国家公园——班夫国家公园。
1．What can we know about Banff National Park?
A．We can arrive there only by foot.
B．It provides wonderful wildlife viewing.
C．It is located in the west of Canadian Rockies.
D．We'd better enjoy the seasonal color there in winter.
答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Open year-round, it offers amazing wildlife viewing and sightseeing, plus many shopping and dining choices, any time of the year.”可知，班夫国家公园提供令人惊叹的野生生物观赏和观光。
2．What can we learn about Canadian Rockies from the last paragraph?
A．Visitors there may change clothes a few times a day.
B．There are few visitors because of terrible weather.
C．The daylight is short in summer there.
D．The weather there is always pleasant.
答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Weather in the Canadian Rockies can change quickly. A single day can have a mix of sunshine, snow, wind, and rain, so you should change your clothes.”可推测，这里的天气一日多变，因此游客很可能一天之内要换几次衣服。
3．What's the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To urge us to protect Banff National Park.
B．To tell us the history of Banff National Park.
C．To encourage us to visit Banff National Park.
D．To give an introduction to Banff National Park.
答案与解析：D 主旨大意题。根据本文内容可知，本文主要介绍了加拿大第一个国家公园——班夫国家公园。作者意在向我们介绍一些有关班夫国家公园的信息。
Ⅲ.七选五
Air pollution, as we know today, started with the Industrial Revolution in Europe in the 19th century. In the last few decades, it has become the major problem of our environment. __1__ It may also cause harm to other living things such as animals and food crops.
Our modern life style has led to dirtier air over the years. Factories, vehicles of all kinds, and the growing number of people are the things that are responsible for air pollution today. __2__ Forest fires and dust storms can also lead to the pollution of the atmosphere.
There are two types of ozone (臭氧) that we know of. __3__ But on the ground, people produce ozone, too. Traffic and factories cause ground ozone. It is especially dangerous for children and older people.
__4__ Choosing other forms of energy, like solar energy or wind energy could be helpful in controlling pollution. Cities like London have shown that better air quality can be achieved in a short time.
Smog is a combination of smoke and fog (雾). During the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, thousands of people died in London every year. However, a lot has been done to prevent smog recently. Factories use coal that doesn't have much harmful material in it. And cars are much cleaner today. __5__.
A．But not all pollution in the air is caused by humans.
B．We students can also help make the air around us cleaner!
C．The job of cleaning up our air is difficult but not impossible.
D．Actually, natural ozone is in the upper part of our atmosphere.
E．It may cause some serious diseases and even death for humans.
F．In some cities, cars are not even allowed to drive on smog days.
G．Both human activity and natural processes can create air pollution.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了大气污染的危害、形成原因，以及应对它的一些方法。
答案与解析：
1．E 此空设于段中，与上文存在逻辑上的指代关系。本句中的It指代的是第一句中提到的Air pollution。根据后一句的“It may also cause...”也可推出此句是要指出大气污染的一些危害。
2．A 此空设于段中，是一个过渡句。本空前一句指出的都是由于人类的一些活动而导致的大气污染，而空格后面的“Forest fires and dust storms”都是自然灾害引起的大气污染，所以可推出此空承上启下，指出不是所有的大气污染都是人类引起的。
3．D 此空设于段中，是对首句的进一步解释说明。首句提出，我们所知道的有两种臭氧，此句和后一句都是对这两种臭氧的进一步解释，即天然臭氧处于大气层的上部，而人类在地面上也会产生臭氧。
4．C 此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。本段后面的内容都是围绕空气是可以被净化的这一说法而展开的。
5．F 此空设于段尾，是对本段第三句的进一步具体解释。第三句提出，最近针对雾霾已经出现了很多措施，工厂用的煤含有很少的有害物质，汽车也变得更清洁了，甚至在雾霾天，一些城市都不允许汽车出行。
Ⅳ.完形填空
Three years ago, I was working as a lawyer. For a year or longer, my work was beginning to suffer. I __1__ got to the point where I couldn't concentrate (集中注意力) — one of the early signs that something was __2__. I kept forgetting things. Legal work is complicated (复杂的), and you have to have a good __3__ to do that work. So I __4__ my job. I talked to my doctor about my family's __5__ of Alzheimer's; my father and grandfather had it. Then I was asked to do some tests. It __6__ that I have early-onset Alzheimer's disease.
Needless to say, my life has __7__. My husband Dan retired (退休) soon after my diagnosis (诊断) __8__ we spend a lot of time together. __9__ going to work, I used to spend my days having lunch with my friends and __10__ my mother. I could drive up to see her before I started getting __11__. The situation wasn't __12__， but I'd had to turn around enough times that it frightened me. I __13__ drive out of town. I stay in town.
I'm an independent person, but now I have to __14__ some of that independence. My husband and I mostly do the shopping together because I __15__ the list.
Dan and I are enjoying life while we can. Some people are saving money for trips years down the road. We're not __16__； we take a trip every year.
The one thing I wish I could change is people's __17__ when I tell them I have ALzheimer's. They shut down. I can still __18__； it's not like suddenly I can't remember anything. This happened with my father. He was very __19__， and he had lots of friends. When his friends learned he got Alzheimer's, they wouldn't come to visit him. I think people should learn more about Alzheimer's and __20__ that people with the disease can still socialize.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。作者描述了自己在患有阿尔茨海默病后生活所发生的变化；同时，她希望人们能够多了解阿尔茨海默病，改变对它固有的一些看法。
1．A.finally B．possibly
C．hardly D．certainly
答案与解析：A 由上文中的“my work was beginning to suffer”可知，“我”的工作状态越来越糟，直到“最后(finally)”变得无法集中注意力。
2．A.different B．wrong
C．difficult D．strange
答案与解析：B 由本句中的“I couldn't concentrate”和下文中的“I kept forgetting things”可知，“我”的身体“有毛病了(wrong)”。
3．A.reason B．brain
C．chance D．hand
答案与解析：B 由本句中的“Legal work is complicated”可知，要想从事法律工作，你需要“脑子(brain)”好。
4．A.continued B．got
C．left D．enjoyed
答案与解析：C 由本句中的So以及下文的描述可知，“我”“辞掉(left)”了工作。
5．A.habit B．description
C．idea D．history
答案与解析：D 由“my father and grandfather had it”可知，“我”告诉医生自己家有阿尔茨海默病家族“史(history)”。
6．A.made sure B．meant
C．turned out D．added
答案与解析：C 由上文中的“Then I was asked to do some tests”以及下文的描述可知，医生让“我”做了一些测试。“结果表明(turned out)”“我”患有早发性阿尔茨海默病。
7．A.begun B．changed
C．returned D．ended
答案与解析：B 下文描述作者生活所发生的“变化(changed)”。
8．A.so B．unless
C．as D．but
答案与解析：A “我”的丈夫在“我”确诊后很快便退休，“因此(so)”我们有大量的时间在一起。
9．A.Apart from B．Along with
C．Because of D．Instead of
答案：D
10．A.helping B．visiting
C．missing D．calling
答案与解析：B 由上文可知，“我”辞掉了律师的工作。再结合下文中的“I could drive up to see her”可知，因为“不用(instead of)”去上班，“我”便有时间去“看望(visiting)”母亲。
11．A.bored B．hurt
C．tired D．lost
答案：D
12．A.funny B．terrible
C．similar D．special
答案与解析：B 由本段中的“but I'd had to turn around enough times that it frightened me”可知，最近，“我”开车去看望母亲时，有几次“迷路(lost)”了。尽管情况不是很“糟(terrible)”，但还是让“我”感到害怕。
13．A.no longer B．once again
C．often D．still
答案与解析：A 由下文中的“I stay in town”可知，“我”“不再(no longer)”开车去市外。
14．A.ask for B．look at
C．give up D．show off
答案与解析：C 由上文的描述以及下文中的“My husband and I mostly do the shopping together”可知，“我”是个很独立的人，但现在“我”不得不依赖他人。give up符合语境。
15．A.forget B．make
C．take D．hate
答案与解析：A 由上文中的“I kept forgetting things”可知，“我”大多数时候和丈夫一起去购物，因为“我”老是“忘记(forget)”购物清单。
16．A.waiting B．caring
C．pretending D．listening
答案与解析：A 由上文中的“Some people are saving money for trips years down the road”以及本句中的“we take a trip every year”可知，我们不会“等(waiting)”准备好了再去旅行。years down the road意为“多年以后”。
17．A.interests B．relationship
C．lives D．reaction
答案与解析：D 由下文中的“They shut down”以及“I think people should learn more about Alzheimer's... people with the disease can still socialize”可知，作者希望自己能够改变人们听到阿尔茨海默病时的“反应(reaction)”。
18．A.travel B．drive
C．talk D．learn
答案与解析：C 由上文中的“They shut down”以及本句中的“it's not like suddenly I can't remember anything”可知，“我”并不是突然间什么都不记得了。“我”还可以和人们“交谈(talk)”。
19．A.brave B．social
C．honest D．proud
答案与解析：B 由and后的“he had lots friends”可知，“我”的父亲“爱交际(social)”。
20．A.realize B．explain
C．expect D．imagine
答案与解析：A 由上文中的“The one thing I wish I could change is people's... when I tell them I have Alzheimer's”可知，作者希望人们可以多了解阿尔茨海默病并且能够“认识到(realize)”这种病并不影响患者进行社交。
