北师大版高中英语高考总复习：40总复习：非限制性定语从句

高考总复习：非限制性定语从句

真题再现
1. （2019北京高考）Opposite is St. Paul’s Church, _____you can hear some lovely music.
A. which B. that C. when D. where
2. （2019湖南高考）It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages..
A. as B. where C. that D. which
3. （2019江苏高考）The number of smokers, ________is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
A. it B. which C. what D. as
4. （2019四川高考）The books on the desk, _______ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
A. which B. what C. whose D. that
5. （2019福建高考）China Today attracts a worldwide readership,_______ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
A. who B. whom C. that D. which
6.（2019重庆高考）He wrote many children’ s books, nearly half of_______ were published in the 1990s.
A. whom B. which C. them D. That
7. Ａlot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
A. as B. it C. which D. this
8. By 16:30, ____ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.
A. which B. when C. what D. that
9. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _______ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.
A. which B. who C. where D. what
10. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _____, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.
A. which B. who C. where D. whom
11. Maria has written two novels, both of ___ have been made into television series.
A. them B. that C. which D. what
1. D。从选项看本题考查从句，并且根据句子的结构特征排除主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和名词性从句，判断本句为非限制性定语从句，并且在非限定从句中，先行词在从句中作地点状语。
2. D。根据题干的句子结构，本题考查非限制定语从句关系词。从句部分缺主语，根据关系代词的规则用which。
3. D。本题考查非限定性定语从句的用法，as 引导非限定性定语从句翻译成“像……一样”，此句翻译为“就像被报道的一样，在仅仅一年里吸烟者的数量降了百分之十七”。
4. C。句意：放在桌子上的那些封面闪闪放光的书是给我们的奖品。定语从句的先行词是the books，the books’ covers说明连接词在定语从句中作定语，所以选C。另一种思路：从句为主系表结构，不缺成分，排除B、D；that不能引导非限制定语从句，排除。
5. D。根据句式结构来看出现了逗号，说明这是一个非限制性定语从句。首先that不能引导非限制性定语从句，who在引导非限制性定语从句的时候通常在从句中做主语和宾语，指人，而whom也指人，却只能做宾语。which引导非限制性定语从句通常在从句中做主语或者宾语。关系词代指前面的中国日报，在定语从句中做主语。该句意思为：中国日报有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。
6. B。此题考查的知识点是定语从句。句意：他写了很多儿童书籍，几乎一半的书是在上个世纪90年代出版的。根据句意可知，D项正确。
7. A。根据句子结构判断，空格所在句子应该是从句而不是完整的句子，排除B、D。关系代词as代替主句的整个内容，翻译为“正如，正像”。注意which引导非限制性定语从句时，如果which指代整个主句的内容，相当于“and this”，并且放在主句后。
8. A。句意为：到16：:30几乎是截止时间时，几乎所有的画都被卖出了。根据句子结构，定语从句缺少主语，选择关系代词which而不选关系副词。
9. B。指人的先行词people在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故选B项。
10. B。who引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中做主语，修饰先行词Ellen（人名）。Which修行先行词是物的定语从句；whom修饰先行词为人，且在从句中做宾语；where修饰先行词是地点名词，且在从句中地点状语，均不符合语境，故排除。
11. C。此处先行词是two novels，后面是一个非限制性定语从句并且介词提前，因此用both of
which引导。句意为：玛利亚写了两部小说，两部都被拍成了电视剧。
知识讲解
which引导的非限制性定语从句
that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句，而which可以。
which指代主句的全部或部分内容时，常表事实、状态、起因等，有“这就使得、这一点”等意思，常置主句末。主句与定语从句用逗号分开。 在“n.／pron.＋prep.＋ which”, “prep.＋which”定语从句里
They talked about a movie, the name of which I've never forgotten.
China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.
Chaplin went to the states in 1910, by which time he had learnt to dance and act in comedies.
表唯一性，或者就是指代先行词的事物时。
The dam, which is the biggest in the world, is 3, 830 meters long.
先行词是独一无二的事物时。
The moon, which doesn't give out light itself, is only a satellite of the earth.
先行词表示类别属性的事物时。
Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.
先行词是专有名词时。
The Nile, which used to flood every year, now runs more regularly below the dam.
先行词是形容词作定语从句的表语时。主句和定语从句含有对比的意思。
Li Ling is very clever, which Li Long isn’t.
先行词是集体名词表整体意思时。
My family, which has 35 people, is a large one.
先行词是国家名词表地域概念时。
Last year he went to Egypt, which is in Africa.
which与as引导非限定性定语从句的区别 ?
1. as引导的从句表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论
引导定语从句时，as仍具有“正如，像，由……可知”等意思，翻译时有时可不必译出。as定语从句常含有这些动词：see, know, hear, watch, remember, say, tell, show, expect, guess等，这类动词与as连用几乎成了一种固定搭配。as引导的此类从句可以置于句首、句中或句尾。
The famous magician Liu Qian, as we all know, is from Taiwan.
There is a net bar around here, as I remember.
As is often the case, girls like dolls while boys like guns.
2. which引导的从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明，表明事物的状态或结果。
which此时指前面主句所提到的这件事，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列、因果关系。注意，它引导的从句不像as那样位置灵活，它只能位于主句的后面。如：
He changed his mind again, which made us all angry.
She tore up my photos, which (=and that) upset me.
3. 在从句中作定语或介词的宾语时，要用which，不用as。
Jenny might come, in which case I'll ask her.
She graduated from a local middle school, after which she went to Beijing University.
4. 当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或含着一个复合宾语时，一般用which而不用as
He pretended not to know me, which I didn't understand.
He admires everyone in his class, which I find quite strange.
注意：
as引导非限制性定语从句的最大特点是位置灵活；其次，as有以下常见的，而which不具备的“固定表达”：
as we all know 众所周知
as I can remember 正如我所记得的
as often happens 正如经常发生的那样
as we expect 正如我们预料的那样
as you see 这一点你明白
as was expected 正如预料的那样
as can be seen 看得出来
as may be imagined 正如可以想象的那样
as has been said above 如上所述
as we all can see 正如我们都能看到的那样
as is often the case 像常规那样
as everybody can do 正如人人都能做到的那样。
非限制性定语从句的主谓一致
1.one of+复数名词+关系代词+复数形动词。
Titanic is one of the most wonderful movies that have been produced in Hollywood.
2.the (only)one of+复数名词+关系代词+单数形动词。
The Great Wall is the (only) one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.?
3.当关系代词as或which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句内容时，若as或which作主语，则从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 ?
Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.?

“特殊”定语从句的解题技巧
1. 考查带有插入语的定语从句的关系词的选用。做此类题时，把关系词后的插入语（如：I believe, I think, I expect等）去掉进行判断。
—Is that the small town you often refer to?
—Right, just the one where you know I used to work for years.
2. 疑问句中考查定语从句。命题人经常利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的正确选择。遇到这类定语从句时，最好的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句，然后判断谁是先行词，再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，最后确定正确答案。
Is this the farm you visited last week?
3. 倒装句中考查定语从句。倒装使定语从句的结构变得较为特殊，因此对于使用倒装语序的定语从句，应先把倒装语序还原成正常语序，这样句子结构就比较清晰了。
We came to a place, where stood a big tower.
4. 拆分词组和固定搭配。一些词组和搭配被拆开后，句子的含义就变得难以理解。首先把拆开的词组复原是理解此类定语从句的关键。
The second is connected with the use that the body makes of food.
Why can't you realize the part which they have played in our life?
5. 是用the one还是用that , which, where。遇到这类句子，先将其变成肯定句，再看主句是否缺少表语。若缺表语，则必须用the one的形式，接着再看the one在从句中作什么成分，若作状语，则必须用the one where，若作主语或宾语时，则用the one (that/ which)
Is this school the one where you study?Is this the school which/that you study in?????????????
Is this the school where you study?Is this school the one that/which is a senior one?
关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句
when, where在非限制定语从句中分别作时间状语和地点状语；why不用于非限制性定语从句中，用for which 代替。
In China, the spring festival is a good holiday when family members get together.
The southern states wanted to set up a country of their own, where they would be free to keep black slaves.
I had told them the reason, for which I didn't attend the meeting.
I had told them the reason why I didn't attend the meeting.
whose引导非限制性定语从句
1. whose用作关系代词时，它并不表示“谁的”，而是表示“……的……”，在具体语境需要灵活处理。
He is the man whose car was stolen.
The boys whose names were called stood up.
2. 不要以为whose引导定语从句时，其先行词一定是指人的名词，其实也可以是指事物（包括动物）的名词。
It was an island whose name I have forgotten.
Wolves are highly social animals whose success depends upon cooperation.
3. 不仅可以引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。
My dog, whose temper is very uncertain, often bites the judges at dog shows.
4. 引导定语从句的“whose+名词”，有时可换成其他结构，注意词序的变化。比较：
破了窗户的那座房子是空的。
正：The house whose windows are broken is empty.
正：The house the windows of which are broken is empty.
正：The house of which the windows are broken is empty.
巩固练习
一、单项选择
1. These old pictures bring to their mind the college days _______ they spent together, ______ life was hard but happy.
A. when；whose B. which；whose C. which；when D. when；which
2. I’m very grateful to my high school teachers, without ____ help I wouldn’t be so excellent.
A. whom B. their C. whose D. which
3. Following the guide, we went into a house, ______ wall hung a picture of Einstein
A. on its B. on that C. on whose D. on which
4. Do you have any idea of how many gold medals China won in the 16th Asian Games, _____was hosted in Guangzhou?
A. its B. whose C. that D. which
5. I’ll never forget the days ______ I learnt hard in my senior high school, ______ changed my whole life.
A. that；which B. when；which C. which；when D. that；that
6. The prices of houses, ______ is often reported, have been going up sharply in the past few months.
A. which B. it C. as D. what
7. ______ was reported in the paper, people in mainland China sent disaster relief materials to help the flooded area in Taiwan Island.
A. It B. That C. As D. What
8. Schwarzenegger will leave for Hong Kong today, ______ the former“Terminator”will be joined by Jackie Chan for a public advertisement.
A. who B. which C. that D. where
9. The scientist made several discoveries, ______.
A. Which I think are important B. which we think that is important
C. we think which are important D. which we think is important
二、完形填空
What would I do for Carol’s 50th birthday? It was __1___ that she didn’t want a party, certainly not a surprise party (that was an agreement at our marriage).
“How about a small dinner with ___2___ I asked.
“No,” she said, “I hate being the center of____3__.”
Still, the milestone had to be marked. ___4___ wasn’t going to let her get away with a Stouffer’s frozen dinner and a movie video, ___5____ this was all she said she wanted.
I thought and thought, and ___6___ making my decision, I sent a letter to her friends, asking them for photos, poems, and letters. “Carol doesn’t __7___ a party in person…but I’m hoping to ___8__ her a party in a book.” I bought a(n) __9__ with a friend’s advice, and___10___ what 1 wanted. For a few minutes at the end of every workday, I __11____ pull out the marking pens and make up the ___12___, Carol’s.
Photos of her in junior high, pictures of us ___13___ the boys, original songs, notes, cards, and poems. It made me ___14____ for all the years we had had together. The __15___ was more than the album. It was the friendship and love she had given to me and to our kids and to all her friends and family. You could __16____ it on every page.
1 wrapped it up and ___17___ it home. “Happy birthday, sweetie,” I said. “It’s not a frozen dinner or a video, but it’s ___18___ you deserve.” She cried. She doesn’t __19___ like to cry, but I think she likes the book. She’s said so many times. And every time I remind her___20___ putting it together was a gift to me.
1. A. amazing B. clear C. unusual D. important
2. A. neighbors B. children C. friends D. classmates
3. A. attention B. comment C. view D. interest
4. A. She B. It C. He D. I
5. A. for B. or C. and D. but
6. A. before B. after C. when D. once
7. A. want B. have C. hold D. attend
8. A. make B. choose C. find D. give
9. A. album B. novel C. mirror D. overcoat
10. A. went on B. poured in C. turned back D. got away
11. A. could B. should C. would D. might
12. A. decision B. story C. mind D. book
13. A. for B. around C. with D. except
14. A. grateful B. worried C. nervous D. special
15. A. meaning B. gift C. party D. world
16. A. count B. read C. express D. improve
17. A. took B. sent C. placed D. packed
18. A. how B. why C. which D. what
19. A. normally B. merely C. really D. obviously
20. A. whether B. that C. which D. when
三、翻译句子
下面含有定语从句的句子都是来自于2019高考书面表达范文，请翻译成中文
1. In addition, I am Chinese, which means Mandarin is a must for me to communicate with others in my daily life. (2019·四川模拟)
2. As the saying goes, practice makes perfect. (2019·重庆模拟)
3. Successfully, I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activities of my class, which have been appreciated by both teachers and classmates. (2019·陕西模拟)
4. From this experience I have learnt that questioning can serve as a bridge that helps us to seek the truth. (2019·湖北模拟)
5. In the picture, we can see a boy in worn clothes，who was reading a book with full attention. (2019·福建模拟)
7. I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life, which must be very interesting. (2019·安徽模拟)
8. The person I would like to interview is Yang Liwei. (2019·安徽模拟)
9. We’ll also spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, which we hope will make them happy. (2019·青岛模拟)
10. Speaking and listening are very important for a language learning, by which you are sure to make great progress. (2019·山西模拟)
四、“七选五”新题型
Before going outside in the morning, many of us check a window thermometer(温度计)for the temperature. This helps us decide what to wear. _____1_____. We want our food to be a certain coldness in the refrigerator. We want it a certain hotness in the oven. If we don’t feel well, we use a thermometer to see if we have a fever. We keep our rooms a certain warmth in the winter and a certain coolness in the summer.
Not all the thermometers use the same system to measure temperature. We use a system called the Fahrenheit scale. But most other countries use the Centigrade scale.
Both systems use the freezing and boiling points of water as their guide.____2_____.
The most common kind of thermometer is made with mercury(水银)inside a clear glass tube. As mercury (or any other liquid) becomes hot, it expands. As it gets colder, it contracts(收缩). That is why on hot days the mercury line is high in the glass tube.____3_____.
First, take a clear glass juice bottle that has a cap; fill the bottle with coloured water. Tap a hole in the centre of the cap using a hammer and thick nail. Put the cap on the jar. Then stick a plastic straw(吸管) through the nail hole.
______4__________.
Finally, place a white card on the outside of the bottle and behind the straw. Now you can see the water level easily.
____5________.
As the temperature goes down, the water will contract, and the level in the straw will come down. Perhaps you will want to keep a record of the water level in the straw each morning for a week.
A. We use and depend on thermometers to measure the temperature of many other things in our daily lives.
B. Thermometers measure temperature, by using materials that change in the same way when they are heated or cooled.
C. Now that you know this rule you can make a thermometer of your own that will work.
D. The water will rise in the straw. As the temperature of the air goes up, the water will expand and rise even higher.
E. They label these in different ways. On the Fahrenheit scale water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees. On the Celsius scale water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees.
F. Take wax (you may use an old candle if you have one) and melt some of it right where the straw is struck into the cap to seal (把……粘住) them together.
G. People use thermometers which are made by themselves when travelling around the world.
五、书面表达
（2019 湖北省黄冈中学等八校高三第二次模拟考试）请根据以下提示，并结合事例，用英语写一篇短文。
People are always looking for someone to look up to and imitate. You can set the example by becoming the person that people want to be like. You can help change the world by changing yourself.
注意：①无须写标题；
②除诗歌外，文体不限；
③内容必须结合你生活中的一个事例；
④文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；
⑤词数不少于120，如引用提示语则不计入总词数。
答案与解析
一、单项选择
1. C。句意：这些旧照片把他们的思绪带回了他们一起度过的大学时光，那时生活艰苦但愉快。此题考查the college days为先行词的两个定语从句，第一空：which在从句中作spent的宾语；第二空：when在定语从句中作状语，将其代入后为：In the college days life was hard but happy.
2. C。句意：我很感激我的中学老师，没有他们的帮助我就不会这么优秀。whose引导定语从句，代入定语从句后为：without my high school teachers’ help I...，without前若有and则选B项，即and without their help I...。
3. C。句意：跟着向导，我们进入了一所房子，房子的墙上挂着一幅爱因斯坦的照片。此处用whose引导定语从句，相当于：On the house’s wall hung a picture of Einstein。若空格前有and则选A项，即and on its wall hung a picture...。
4. D。此句是非限定性定语从句，先行词是“the 16th Asian Games”，从句缺少主语，所以用关系代词which，在非限定性定语从句中不能用that；如果指代前面句子的内容，可用which或as。
5. B。第一空引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the days，引导词在从句中充当时间状语，用 when；第二空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整句话，用关系代词which，所以选B项。
6. C。as引导定语从句，它的位置比较灵活，常译为“正如……”。句意：正如经常报道的那样，房价在最近几个月涨得很快。
7. C。选择定语从句的引导词的关键是：在主句中找出先行词。该句中定语从句的先行词是后面的整个句子“people in mainland China sent disaster relief materials to help the flooded area in Taiwan Island”，当先行词为整个句子时，用关系代词which或者as，但which不可以放在句首，故选C项。
8. D。先行词为Hong Kong，空白处之后的句子中成分齐全，可排除关系代词，因此只能选择关系副词where。
9. A。句意：这位科学家做出了几个发现，我们认为这些发现非常重要。考查which引导的非限制性定语从句。本题难点在于we think的插入，做题时先把we think去掉，再看句子就简单了，正确答案为A项。
二、翻译句子
1. 此外，我是中国人，这就意味着在我日常跟其他人沟通时，普通话是必须的。
2. 常言道，熟能生巧。
3.我曾经成功地在班级的多次英语活动当中帮助她，这赢得了来自老师和同学们的欣赏。
4. 从这次经历当中我明白了：疑问可以成为帮助我们寻求真相的桥梁。
5. 图中我们可以看到一个衣着破烂的男孩，全神贯注地读书。
6. 最后，我们把做好的面人放在桌上，并和老艺人一起合影。
7. 我想问他几个私人问题，这准有意思。
8. 我想采访的人是杨利伟。
9. 我们还会花些时间一起唱歌、跳舞，玩游戏，我希望这样能让他们开心。
10. 说和听对语言学习非常重要，通过听说训练你一定会取得很大进步的。
三、阅读理解
1. D。由作者在第一段最后的“I’ve always complained about the quote(引语). Although over time I have told myself to learn from it.”尽管作者总是抱怨，但自己也承认从中学到了东西，这正是父母引用的目的所在。
2. A。由下文的解释“because I haven’t been able to see her and she is having a rough time in school.”可以看出，女朋友离开去上大学了，自己感觉很孤独，再加上女友在学校“having a rough time”，由此可以看出，这正是上文所说的killer，一些使人烦恼的事情。
3. C。当作者提出让父母出钱买票去看女友的时候，父亲的答复是：作者得出钱，即：“if I brought him some money he would help me pay for the ticket.”后来作者找了份工作(ended up getting the job），并努力赚钱买票(work hard to earn money to go see my girlfriend.），正是作者的实际行动感动了作者的妈妈，从而“asked her boss if she could use their business miles(旅费) to buy me a ticket down to Florida for two weeks.”
4. D。作者用开篇用一句歌词引出了主题，只要：只要努力就能得到自己所需要的。中间用自己的一次经历进行了论证，最后一段紧扣主题：…trying my best to be a successful person.， I believe that you can’t always get what you want but if you try sometimes, you get what you need. ，也就是：we should try to rely on ourselves for everything。
四、“七选五”新题型
1. A。从前面上下文意义可知温度计在我们日常生活中的功能，便可知道选择A正确。
2. E。从上文可知“温度计分华氏标准和摄氏标准两种方式计量温度，”选项E进一步介绍了这两种温度计量方式的具体标准。故正确答案是E。
3. C。本段前一部分介绍了温度计的构造原理，下文根据此原理制造一个能够计量温度工作的温度计。所以选项C符合文意。
4. F。根据上下文的逻辑意义，选项F是正确答案。
5. D。从下文可知应选与之对应的选项D。
五、书面表达
Such is human nature that people tend to look for an idol in their life, holding the belief that they can become better by following the example of their idol. However, we can set the example by changing ourselves and becoming the person we want to be.
I can’t help recalling the time when I first entered high school. Having failed the entrance exam, I was admitted to an ordinary high school, which disappointed me a lot. I was very bitter and rude, looking down upon everyone at school. Then one day I told myself I couldn’t be like this any longer. Maybe I shouldn’t look for someone to admire but should change myself first. I tried to improve myself a bit and tried to be friendlier to others. As a result, I found myself a lot happier and I was even awarded the title of “Excellent Student” at the end of term.
Life is a constant exercise in self-improvement. Changing yourself to a better self is definitely better than looking for someone better to imitate. Change yourself, and you will make the earth a better world day by day.