北师大版高中英语高考总复习：42总复习：倒装用法
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| 名称 | 北师大版高中英语高考总复习：42总复习：倒装用法 |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2019-12-15 08:24:31 | ||
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高考总复习：倒装
真题再现：
1.（2019天津模拟）Only when Lily walked into the office ______ that she had left the contract at home.
A. she realized B. has she realized C. she has realized D. did she realize
2.（2019江苏模拟）It might have saved me much trouble ________ the schedule.
A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I known
3.（2019湖南模拟）Only after talking to two students ________ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.
A. I did discover B. did I discover C. I discovered D. discovered I
4. Not until he retired from teaching three years ago _________ having a holiday abroad.
A. he had considered B. had he considered
C. he considered D. did he consider
5. This is not my story, nor ______ the whole story. My story plays out differently.
A. is there B. there is C. is it D. it is
6. Only after Mary read her composition the second time_________ the spelling mistake.
A. did she notice B. she noticed
C. does she notice D. she has noticed
1. D。本题考查的是倒装句的用法。句意：只有当莉莉走进办公室的时候，她才意识到她把合同落家里了。only位于句首后跟状语从句，主句要主谓部分倒装，即把助动词提到主语前面。又因为前后时态一致的问题，故选D。
2. D。本题考察倒装的用法和虚拟的用法，句意为如果我要是知道时间表的话，将会已经节省很多的麻烦。根据“It might have saved me some trouble”前半部分得知是与过去事实情况相反，后半部分故使用had done的用法。
3. B。“only+时间状语”位于句首，符合部分倒装的结构，即:将句子的谓语部分的助动词或者be动词或情态动词提前到主语前。句意：在和两个学生交谈之后我才意识到拥有强烈的动机是达到目标的最大因素。
4. D。Not until位于句首时句子要倒装，consider having a holiday abroad这个动作发生在retire之后，所以用一般过去时。
5. C。nor位于句首引起部分倒装，排除B、D；再根据句意“这并不是（关于）我的故事，它也不是故事的全部。我的故事的结局不同。”选代词it。故答案选C。
6. A。题干中Only引导的时间状语从句（after Mary read her composition the second time）放在句首，主句采用部分倒装，将助词did提前，排除B，D；另外题干的时态为过去时，排除C。
语法讲解：
英语句子的自然语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后，即：主语+谓语(+宾语等)。但是，在实际的语言实践中，由于语法结构的要求，或是由于修饰的需要，往往要改变句子的自然语序，把一些本应置于主语之后的句子成分提前。我们称这种语序的变化为“倒装语序”。
完全倒装
完全倒装是指把整个谓语部分放在主语之前，即主语和谓语的位置完全颠倒过来。注意：谓语动词的数要与后面的主语保持一致。常见于以下几种情况：
一、here 和there位于句首时的倒装
表示地点的here和 there位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词：
Here’s Tom.
There goes the bell.
There goes the last train.
注意：
(1) 以上倒装句中的谓语动词come和go不能用进行时态，即不能说 Here is coming the bus。
(2) 若主语为代词，则不倒装：
Here it comes.
(3) 其中的动词有时也可能是stand, lie, live等表示状态的动词(表示存在)：
There stood a desk against the wall.
Once upon a time there lived a man known by the name of Beef.
2. away和down等位于句首时的倒装
地点副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词。若主语为人称代词，则不能用倒装。
Away went the runners.
Round and round flew the plane.
The door opened and in came Mr Smith.
Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.
Down it came.
3. 状语或表语位于句首时的倒装
为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装：
Among these people was his friend Jim.
By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand.
在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较：
In the box was a cat.
In the box were some cats.
4. 分词和不定式置于句首的倒装
有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装：
Buried in the sands was an ancient village.
Standing beside the table was his wife.
部分倒装
部分倒装即将谓语的一部分，如助动词、情态动词或系动词置于主语之前。应用于下列情景
1. “Only＋状语或状语从句”置于句首时。
Only when one loses freedom does one know its value.
Only in this way can we achieve our goal.
Only in a few countries does the whole of the population enjoy a high standard of living.
注意：only后接主语不倒装。
Only the teachers are allowed to use the restroom.
Only five people were injured in the accident.
2. 否定副词、短语或否定状语从句位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。此类否定副词或短语有neither, nor, never, not, nowhere, hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, little, no longer, at no time, by no means, in no way, in no case, under no circumstances, on no account, not only, not until, in vain等。
Not a word did he say at the last meeting.?
Nowhere in the world can you find a man who loves you so much.
Under no circumstances can customers’ money be refunded.
Never before has our country been united as it is today.
Not until quite recently did I know what Blog was.
Not until the boy fell asleep did the mother leave.
In no way can theory be separated from practice.
In vain did we try to persuade her to give up her plan.
By no means was he able to handle the tough problem.
注意：
如果hardly, scarcely后面接的是any, ever, at all时，意义类似almost no/ not/ never（几乎不、从不），则无须倒装。
Hardly any people having been invited went there.
Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to losing our lives.
Neither could theory do without practice, nor could practice do without theory.
注意：
只有当not only... but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的not only...but also仅连接两个并列词语，不用倒装结构。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.
3. 当一些关联词如no sooner...than, scarcely...when, hardly...when, not only...but also, neither. . . nor等位于句首时，从句部分要倒装。
No sooner had he come back home than it began to rain.
Scarcely had they started lunch when the doorbell rang.
Hardly had I solved the problem when a new one arose.
4. 当 “so/such... that” 结构中的 so, such 位于句首时。
So proud is the young man that he is reluctant to accept others’ opinion.
So loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him.
So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
Such a good student was she that all the teachers liked her.
5. often, always, once, many a time, now and again, every other day, every two hours等表频率时。
Often did I want to talk about my experience there.
Many a time has he helped me with my schoolwork.
6. 形容词位于句首时。
Happy are the old people nowadays.
Present at the conference were distinguished guests from various countries.
Very important in the farmers’ life is the weather report.
Lucky is he who has been enrolled into a famous university.
在此句型中，形容词在句子中作be动词的表语。一般副词、分词或介词短语被强调时，句子也可以完全倒装。
Hidden underground is a great deal of gold.
Lying on the grass was a wounded soldier.
7. 当so, neither, nor位于句首加强语气时。
Production is going up steadily, so is people’s living standard.
He didn’t say anything. Nor/Neither did his mother.
Tom works very hard at his lesson and so do his classmates.
注意：指代同一物体时不倒装。
Water can conduct electricity; so it can.
It is warm today. So it is!
8. if引导的虚拟条件从句，如果省略if，就将were，should和had置于从句的主语前。
Were she not busy in writing a book, she would have gone to the park with her child.
Had the policemen arrived immediately, the killer would have been caught.
Should you change your mind, no one would blame you.
形式倒装
形式上的倒装在语法上称为前置。它的特点是只把被强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。常见的形式倒装句式主要如下：
1. 感叹句
What an interesting story it is!
How fine it is!
2. the more…, the more…句型（注意：此句型中more代表的是形容词或副词的比较级，要灵活使用。）
The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.
The more you eat, the fatter you become.
3. as, though引导让步状语从句时，其句式为“形容词/副词/名词/动词原形+as (though)+主语+谓语”。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
Exhausted as she was, she wasn’t able to sleep.
Much as I admire her, I cannot excuse her faults.
Fail as I did, I wouldn’t abandon my goal
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
注意：名词前置时，名词前不加任何冠词；主谓不倒装。
巩固练习：
一、单项选择
1. At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______, one of the ten largest cities in China.
A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies
C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie
2. We laugh at jokes，but seldom ______ about how they work.
A. we think B. think we C. we do think D. do we think
3. John opened the door. There ______ he had never seen before.
A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl
4. Not until he left his home ______ to know how important the family was for him.
A did he begin B had he begun C he began D he had begun
5. —Michael has changed beyond recognition.
— ______! How did he manage to lose so much weight?
A. So has he B. Neither has he C. So he has D. Neither he has
6. —When can I use your computer?
—Never! _____ should you touch it!
A. At no time B. In no time C. At any time D. At one time
7. His parents thought only in this way ______ become successful, studying abroad.
A. could Tom B. Tom could C. is Tom able to D. Tom is able to
8. As I looked at the memorial, I thought about _____ terrible disaster it was for the people in Nanjing then and _____ they were to fight the Japanese invaders.
A. how; how B. what a; how C. what; what D. how; what
9. Behind the coach ______ our team wearing blue suits.
A. walk B. have C. is followed D. appears
10. Not until we have had a chance to discuss it thoroughly ______ perfectly.
A. the problem has been settled
B. has the problem been settled
C. will the problem be settled
D. the problem was settled
11. —I am shocked at the news that many pupils were killed in the terrible traffic accident.
—So am I. Little the safety of the poor children.
A. did the local government care for B. the local government cared for
C. did the local government care about D. the local government cared about
12. ______ at the news that her eyes rained tears.
A. So was Rebecca sad B. So sad was Rebecca
C. So sad Rebecca was D. Was Rebecca so sad
13. Not only ______ a promise, but she also kept it.
A. did she make B. she made C. does she make D. had she made
14. Nowhere else, as his mother told us, _____ except the cabin in the backyard.
A. did he go B. he did go C. went he D. he went
二、完形填空
(山东省19所名校2019届高三第一次调研考试)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Laughter is so familiar to every one of us. There is an English saying that 1 ，“He who laughs last laughs the hardest. ” High School Musical star Zac Efron is laughing a lot these days.
2 a young boy, Efron was picked on in school because he was always the smallest in his class and 3 because he had a big space between his teeth. In sixth grade, Efron’s basketball team made it to the league championships. In double overtime(两个加时赛), with three seconds left, he rebounded the ball and passed it—to the 4 team! They scored and his team lost the game.
But history, as they say, is a thing of the 5 . Now at 21, Efron is one of People Magazine’s 100 Most Beautiful People, graces the cover of Entertainment Weekly, Hollywood’s most 6 magazine, and is traveling the world 7 the third High School Musical film. Director Adam Shankman 8 Efron as “arguably the biggest teen star in America right now.” Simply google “Zac Efron” and you get more than 14 million 9 . Yes, it seems Efron has a lot to smile about these days.
Efron was born and 10 in California. He took school 11 . According to Efron, “I would get crazy if I got a B and not an A in school.” It was his father who encouraged him to act. He took part in school 12 and acted in a local theater group. He also 13 singing lessons. He graduated from high school in 2006 and was 14 to the University of Southern California to study film. But he put it off—why study movies 15 you can star in them?
Now Efron is also earning more than$3 million for his 16 in High School Musical 3. Not bad for a 21-year-old. But Efron 17 remembers those bullies(欺人者). “You always have to remember that bullies want to bring you down because you have something that they 18 .”Efron said. “Also, when you get made fun of, when people point out your 19 , it’s an opportunity for you to rise above.”
Efron has risen all the way to the top of the movie business. And he can now 20 all the way to the bank.
1. A. says B. goes C. reads D. talks
2. A. As B. Like C. For D. To
3. A. teased B. admired C. liked D. hated
4. A. strong B. right C. wrong D. active
5. A. past B. present C. moment D. time
6. A. effective B. respectful C. valuable D. influential
7. A. acting B. promoting C. advancing D. performing
8. A. thought B. served C. described D. treated
9. A. responses B. pictures C. passages D. comments
10. A. hired B. raised C. directed D. trapped
11. A. seriously B. formally C. cautiously D. easily
12. A. meetings B. reports C. 1ectures D. performances
13. A. taught B. took C. cancelled D. escaped
14. A. admitted B. recognized C. realized D. relieved
15. A. that B. when C. whether D. which
16. A. career B. role C. result D. movie
17. A. even B. yet C. still D. ever
18. A. admire B. observe C. earn D. consider
19. A. descriptions B. weaknesses C. strengths D. excuses
20. A. laugh B. cry C. sing D. run
三、阅读理解
In the wake of the earthquake, Kohei Maeda shared a small story of hope.
His brother and then-fiancée(未婚妻)decided to keep their wedding date of March 20 despite people saying it “was not appropriate” in light of the widespread suffering. The young Tokyo couple tied the knot as planned because they wanted to show there was still hope in Japan. A year later, Ikuhiro and Hiroromi Maeda are cultivating another seed of hope: They’re expecting a baby in late June.
Maeda said the soon-to-be mother, Hirnromi, fears for the future of her child, especially with the threat of radiation in food and water.
Maeda can’t wait to be a first-time uncle and he only has one wish for the baby: “I hope that the new baby will have a happy life” without nuclear concerns.
Maeda himself may be part of the solution, or he hopes so. The earthquake awakened his dream to one day run for office. He had always imagined that someday he would have the opportunity to make changes in his native land, but never was it so clear as after the disaster.
His personal lifestyle hasn’t changed since the earthquake, but his way of thinking is entirely different. “Just watching, seeing and saying ‘Oh my God’ means nothing. We have to act,” he said.
Maeda, 28, intends to run for office under an emerging political party in Japan called Osaka Ishin no Kai, the Osaka restoration group. If elected, he would first deal with the radiation problem and search for more environmentally friendly energy options.
Regardless of the ongoing radiation concerns and damaged buildings, Maeda has a message to the rest of the world: “A lot of Japanese are very optimistic, so don’t worry about US too much.” Maeda was reminded of a proverb while telling his story: “A mother is stronger than any other creature.”
“We as a family want to do everything we can to raise the new family member with love and happiness, by all means no matter how bad the environment is. Yes, we can!”
1. What does the underlined word“appropriate”in the second paragraph mean?
A. Wrong. B. Suitable. C. Possible. D. Illegal.
2. What is Hiroromi most worrying about now?
A. Her child’s health. B. The wedding date.
C. The future of Japan. D. Another possible earthquake.
3. Maeda quoted a proverb in the last but one paragraph mainly to
A. show Japanese are optimistic B. express wishes to every mother
C. fight against nuclear plants D. show his concerns on radiation
4. Which one is the best title of the text?
A. A Seed of the Future B. Natural or Man-made Disaster?
C. A Family Is All D. Marriage Brings Hope
5. What is Maeda likely to do if he is elected?
A. Give his families love and happiness.
B. Prevent the environment being polluted.
C. Replace nuclear with other energy sources.
D. Protect Japanese from natural disasters.
四、阅读理解新题型——“七选五”
Choosing the right job is probably one of the most important decisions we have to make in life, and it is frequently one of the hardest decisions we have to make. One important question that you might ask yourself is: “How do I get a good job?”___1___.
There are people who can answer an insignificant advertisement in the local paper and land the best job in the world; others write to all sorts of places all over the country, and never seem to get a reply at all. Still others believe that the in person, door-to-door approach is by far the best way to get a job; and then there are those who, through no active decision of their own, just seem to be in the right place at the right time. ___2____. He used to spend a lot of his free time down by the sea watching the tall ships, but never thinking that he might one day sail one of them. His father was a farmer, and being a sailor could never be anything for the boy but an idle dream. One day, on his usual wandering, he heard the captain of the ship complaining that he could not sail because one member of his crew was sick. Without stopping to think, the lad(少年) offered to take his place. ___3___.
__4__. If the lad had gone home to ponder（考虑）his decision for a week, he may have missed his chance. It is one thing to be offered an opportunity; it is another thing to take it and use it well.
Sometimes we hear stories about people who break all the rules and still seem to land plum jobs（美差）. When you go for a job interview or fill out an application, you are expected to say nice things about the company to which you are applying. ___5___. And within a year this person had become general manger of the company.
A. This story also illustrates the importance of seizing an opportunity when it presents itself.
B. People find jobs in an infinite number of ways.
C. it’s almost impossible to find a good job by answering advertisement in newspapers
D. Take for example the young man who wanted to be a sailor.
E. But there was one person who landed an excellent job by telling the interviewer all the company’s faults.
F. He spent the rest of his life happily sailing the ships he had always loved.
G. It is very important to seize an opportunity when it presents itself.
五、以下例句都是来自2019的高考试题，试着翻译例句。
1. Then came the moment—the time to share the day's new learning. (2019福建模拟)
2. Here is a graph that charts how far a bird flies during the first five days of its spring migration (See Graph 2). (2019浙江模拟)
3. The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new; nor are requests for more money to be sent from home. (2019北京模拟)
4. Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV. (2019北京模拟)
答案与解析
一、单项选择
1. A。表示方位的地点状语提前，句子完全倒装，所以选A项。
2. D。seldom为否定副词放句首，用部分倒装，故选D。句意为“我们因笑话而笑，但很少去思考笑话怎样让我们笑。”
3. D。表示存在关系的句子，将表地点的副词或介词短语提至句首时，若主语为名词，应采用完全倒装语序。此题中将表地点的副词. there提到了句首，而且主语为名词a girl，所以要采用完全倒装语序，所以选D项。
4. A。句意：直到离开家，他才开始意识到这个家对他来说是何等的重要。：not until引导的从句置于句首时，主句需用部分倒装。主从句的动作基本同时发生，故用一般过去时。
5. C。句意：——迈克尔变得都认不出来了。——确实如此！他是怎么做到减这么多体重的？So he has结构用于肯定前面的情况。
6. A。答句的结构用的是部分倒装形式，因此在句首应该选择符合部分倒装情况的短语。
at no time 任何时候都不；in no time立刻；at any time 在任何时候；at one time曾经。只有A项符合要求。
7. A。在宾语从句中“only +介词短语/副词/状语从句”置于从句句首，后面句子部分要用部分倒装，故A项正确。
8. B。句意：当我看着这座纪念碑的时候，我想，南京人民的那场灾难是多么的可怕，他们又是怎么反抗日本侵略者的啊。第一空是一个感叹句，用what a；第二空根据句子结构和句意可知用how表示方式。
9. A。走在教练后面穿蓝色套装的是我们队。此句为倒装句，正常语序为：Our team wearing blue suits walk behind the coach.
10. C。句意：直到我们有机会充分讨论这个问题，它才被完满解决。not until置于句首，主句用部分倒装结构，助动词置于主语前。另外本句符合“主将从现”结构，主句用一般将来时。
11. C。否定词little为否定副词，所以用部分倒装结构，故排除B和D。care for喜欢，care about在乎。答语句意为：我也很震惊，当地政府很少在意贫困儿童的安全。
12. B。“so…that”结构中，so 和形容词提前，后面要用部分倒装结构。
13. A。Not only提前，用部分倒装结构。句意为：他不仅许下了诺言，而且还坚守了诺言。
14. A。nowhere的意思是：没有一个地方，表示否定意义的副词位于句首要用部分倒装结构。
二、完形填空
1. B。Just as the saying goes是一个固定搭配，表示“常言道，正如谚语所说”。
2. A。As在此处表示“当……时候”。
3.A。前一句的短语“pick on sb.”表示“找某人的麻烦；找某人的茬”，另外，根据此空后面的had a big space between his teeth,可以推断别人“取笑”他。
4. C。还剩余3秒钟是，Efron错把球传给对方球队（the wrong tam），结果对方得分而他的球队输掉了比赛。
5. A。根据上下文，历史是过去的事情了，Efron现在是另外一个样子。
6. D。influential表示“有影响力的”，这里指最有影响力的杂志；valuable表示“贵重的”；respectful表示“尊敬的”；effective表示“起作用的，有效果的”。
7. B。promote一词多义， vt. 促进；提升；晋升；推销；宣传；发扬。根据上下文，表达“推销、宣传”的意思。
8. C。describe sb. as sth. 把某人描述成……。
9. A。根据上文，Efron现在是一个有影响力的人，所以在电脑中搜索他的名字，会出现1千4百万词条。
10. B。raise一词多义，在这里表示“抚养、养育”，还可以表示“提高、统筹；提出”。
11. A。take sth. seriously表示“认真对待某事”。
12.D。performance表示“演出”和后文的acted“表演”相对应。
13. B。take singing lessons表示“上唱歌课”。
14. A。be admitted to表示“被……录取；允许进入”。
15. B。句意：既然能主演电影，为什么还要学习表演呢？
16. B。他因为在影视剧中扮演很多角色（roles）而挣了很多钱。
17. C。他现在仍然记得那些欺负过他的人。
18. A。bring sb. down“陷害某人”。 他们陷害你表示你有让他们羡慕的地方。
19. B。point out your weaknesses指出你的缺点。
20. A。laugh all the way to the bank是美国的一个习惯用语，表示“一开始被人看不起，后来飞黄腾达，十分得意”。正好印证文章的开头语：He who laughs last laughs the hardest.
三、阅读理解
1. B。词义猜测题。despite意为“虽然”，人们认为在这种大灾难下不适合举办婚礼，但他们还是选择了3月20日这一天。suitable表示“适合的”，符合文意。
2. A。细节理解题。根据第三段可知，由于核辐射的威胁，她最担心孩子的健康问题。
3. A。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“A lot of Japanese are very optimistic, so don't worry about us too much. ”可知，他引用此谚语是为了表明日本人民的乐观。
4. A。主旨大意题。概括全文可知，Maeda通过弟弟和弟媳以及自己的故事表明，日本人民很乐观，仍然对未来充满了希望，即“未来的种子”为最佳标题。误解分析：其余选项表示“天灾还是人祸”、“家庭至上”和“婚姻带来希望”，均不能概括全文内容。
5. C。细节理解题。根据倒数第三段最后一句“If elected，he would first deal with the radiation problem and search for more environmentally friendly energy options. ”可知，他如果被选上的话，可能会着手寻找环保能源来替代核能源。
四、阅读理解新题型——“七选五”
1. B。根据上下文，选项B符合逻辑意义。
2. D。从此空的前后文可以很容易地看出，空后是对空前观点的例解。故选D。
3. F。根据故事叙述，选项F是对所举事例的总结语。
4. A。此空后面是对所举故事的进一步分析，选项A是此段的论点。
5. E。从此短的论点“Sometimes we hear stories about people who break all the rules and still seem to land plum jobs”便能看出，只有选与此空前面的观点相反的选项E，才能和后面的结果相符合。
五、例句翻译
1.然后这个时刻——分享一天所学的新内容——终于来了。
2.下面是一张鸟类在春季迁徙的前五天所飞过的路程的表格。
3. 大学生在经济上依赖他们的父母这一点没什么新奇的，他们需要更多来自家庭的需求也是不新奇的。
4.要不是电视（所教的内容），尼古拉斯可能不会熬过这场暴风雪。
真题再现：
1.（2019天津模拟）Only when Lily walked into the office ______ that she had left the contract at home.
A. she realized B. has she realized C. she has realized D. did she realize
2.（2019江苏模拟）It might have saved me much trouble ________ the schedule.
A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I known
3.（2019湖南模拟）Only after talking to two students ________ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.
A. I did discover B. did I discover C. I discovered D. discovered I
4. Not until he retired from teaching three years ago _________ having a holiday abroad.
A. he had considered B. had he considered
C. he considered D. did he consider
5. This is not my story, nor ______ the whole story. My story plays out differently.
A. is there B. there is C. is it D. it is
6. Only after Mary read her composition the second time_________ the spelling mistake.
A. did she notice B. she noticed
C. does she notice D. she has noticed
1. D。本题考查的是倒装句的用法。句意：只有当莉莉走进办公室的时候，她才意识到她把合同落家里了。only位于句首后跟状语从句，主句要主谓部分倒装，即把助动词提到主语前面。又因为前后时态一致的问题，故选D。
2. D。本题考察倒装的用法和虚拟的用法，句意为如果我要是知道时间表的话，将会已经节省很多的麻烦。根据“It might have saved me some trouble”前半部分得知是与过去事实情况相反，后半部分故使用had done的用法。
3. B。“only+时间状语”位于句首，符合部分倒装的结构，即:将句子的谓语部分的助动词或者be动词或情态动词提前到主语前。句意：在和两个学生交谈之后我才意识到拥有强烈的动机是达到目标的最大因素。
4. D。Not until位于句首时句子要倒装，consider having a holiday abroad这个动作发生在retire之后，所以用一般过去时。
5. C。nor位于句首引起部分倒装，排除B、D；再根据句意“这并不是（关于）我的故事，它也不是故事的全部。我的故事的结局不同。”选代词it。故答案选C。
6. A。题干中Only引导的时间状语从句（after Mary read her composition the second time）放在句首，主句采用部分倒装，将助词did提前，排除B，D；另外题干的时态为过去时，排除C。
语法讲解：
英语句子的自然语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后，即：主语+谓语(+宾语等)。但是，在实际的语言实践中，由于语法结构的要求，或是由于修饰的需要，往往要改变句子的自然语序，把一些本应置于主语之后的句子成分提前。我们称这种语序的变化为“倒装语序”。
完全倒装
完全倒装是指把整个谓语部分放在主语之前，即主语和谓语的位置完全颠倒过来。注意：谓语动词的数要与后面的主语保持一致。常见于以下几种情况：
一、here 和there位于句首时的倒装
表示地点的here和 there位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词：
Here’s Tom.
There goes the bell.
There goes the last train.
注意：
(1) 以上倒装句中的谓语动词come和go不能用进行时态，即不能说 Here is coming the bus。
(2) 若主语为代词，则不倒装：
Here it comes.
(3) 其中的动词有时也可能是stand, lie, live等表示状态的动词(表示存在)：
There stood a desk against the wall.
Once upon a time there lived a man known by the name of Beef.
2. away和down等位于句首时的倒装
地点副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词。若主语为人称代词，则不能用倒装。
Away went the runners.
Round and round flew the plane.
The door opened and in came Mr Smith.
Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.
Down it came.
3. 状语或表语位于句首时的倒装
为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装：
Among these people was his friend Jim.
By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand.
在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较：
In the box was a cat.
In the box were some cats.
4. 分词和不定式置于句首的倒装
有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装：
Buried in the sands was an ancient village.
Standing beside the table was his wife.
部分倒装
部分倒装即将谓语的一部分，如助动词、情态动词或系动词置于主语之前。应用于下列情景
1. “Only＋状语或状语从句”置于句首时。
Only when one loses freedom does one know its value.
Only in this way can we achieve our goal.
Only in a few countries does the whole of the population enjoy a high standard of living.
注意：only后接主语不倒装。
Only the teachers are allowed to use the restroom.
Only five people were injured in the accident.
2. 否定副词、短语或否定状语从句位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。此类否定副词或短语有neither, nor, never, not, nowhere, hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, little, no longer, at no time, by no means, in no way, in no case, under no circumstances, on no account, not only, not until, in vain等。
Not a word did he say at the last meeting.?
Nowhere in the world can you find a man who loves you so much.
Under no circumstances can customers’ money be refunded.
Never before has our country been united as it is today.
Not until quite recently did I know what Blog was.
Not until the boy fell asleep did the mother leave.
In no way can theory be separated from practice.
In vain did we try to persuade her to give up her plan.
By no means was he able to handle the tough problem.
注意：
如果hardly, scarcely后面接的是any, ever, at all时，意义类似almost no/ not/ never（几乎不、从不），则无须倒装。
Hardly any people having been invited went there.
Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to losing our lives.
Neither could theory do without practice, nor could practice do without theory.
注意：
只有当not only... but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的not only...but also仅连接两个并列词语，不用倒装结构。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.
3. 当一些关联词如no sooner...than, scarcely...when, hardly...when, not only...but also, neither. . . nor等位于句首时，从句部分要倒装。
No sooner had he come back home than it began to rain.
Scarcely had they started lunch when the doorbell rang.
Hardly had I solved the problem when a new one arose.
4. 当 “so/such... that” 结构中的 so, such 位于句首时。
So proud is the young man that he is reluctant to accept others’ opinion.
So loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him.
So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
Such a good student was she that all the teachers liked her.
5. often, always, once, many a time, now and again, every other day, every two hours等表频率时。
Often did I want to talk about my experience there.
Many a time has he helped me with my schoolwork.
6. 形容词位于句首时。
Happy are the old people nowadays.
Present at the conference were distinguished guests from various countries.
Very important in the farmers’ life is the weather report.
Lucky is he who has been enrolled into a famous university.
在此句型中，形容词在句子中作be动词的表语。一般副词、分词或介词短语被强调时，句子也可以完全倒装。
Hidden underground is a great deal of gold.
Lying on the grass was a wounded soldier.
7. 当so, neither, nor位于句首加强语气时。
Production is going up steadily, so is people’s living standard.
He didn’t say anything. Nor/Neither did his mother.
Tom works very hard at his lesson and so do his classmates.
注意：指代同一物体时不倒装。
Water can conduct electricity; so it can.
It is warm today. So it is!
8. if引导的虚拟条件从句，如果省略if，就将were，should和had置于从句的主语前。
Were she not busy in writing a book, she would have gone to the park with her child.
Had the policemen arrived immediately, the killer would have been caught.
Should you change your mind, no one would blame you.
形式倒装
形式上的倒装在语法上称为前置。它的特点是只把被强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。常见的形式倒装句式主要如下：
1. 感叹句
What an interesting story it is!
How fine it is!
2. the more…, the more…句型（注意：此句型中more代表的是形容词或副词的比较级，要灵活使用。）
The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.
The more you eat, the fatter you become.
3. as, though引导让步状语从句时，其句式为“形容词/副词/名词/动词原形+as (though)+主语+谓语”。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
Exhausted as she was, she wasn’t able to sleep.
Much as I admire her, I cannot excuse her faults.
Fail as I did, I wouldn’t abandon my goal
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
注意：名词前置时，名词前不加任何冠词；主谓不倒装。
巩固练习：
一、单项选择
1. At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______, one of the ten largest cities in China.
A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies
C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie
2. We laugh at jokes，but seldom ______ about how they work.
A. we think B. think we C. we do think D. do we think
3. John opened the door. There ______ he had never seen before.
A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl
4. Not until he left his home ______ to know how important the family was for him.
A did he begin B had he begun C he began D he had begun
5. —Michael has changed beyond recognition.
— ______! How did he manage to lose so much weight?
A. So has he B. Neither has he C. So he has D. Neither he has
6. —When can I use your computer?
—Never! _____ should you touch it!
A. At no time B. In no time C. At any time D. At one time
7. His parents thought only in this way ______ become successful, studying abroad.
A. could Tom B. Tom could C. is Tom able to D. Tom is able to
8. As I looked at the memorial, I thought about _____ terrible disaster it was for the people in Nanjing then and _____ they were to fight the Japanese invaders.
A. how; how B. what a; how C. what; what D. how; what
9. Behind the coach ______ our team wearing blue suits.
A. walk B. have C. is followed D. appears
10. Not until we have had a chance to discuss it thoroughly ______ perfectly.
A. the problem has been settled
B. has the problem been settled
C. will the problem be settled
D. the problem was settled
11. —I am shocked at the news that many pupils were killed in the terrible traffic accident.
—So am I. Little the safety of the poor children.
A. did the local government care for B. the local government cared for
C. did the local government care about D. the local government cared about
12. ______ at the news that her eyes rained tears.
A. So was Rebecca sad B. So sad was Rebecca
C. So sad Rebecca was D. Was Rebecca so sad
13. Not only ______ a promise, but she also kept it.
A. did she make B. she made C. does she make D. had she made
14. Nowhere else, as his mother told us, _____ except the cabin in the backyard.
A. did he go B. he did go C. went he D. he went
二、完形填空
(山东省19所名校2019届高三第一次调研考试)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Laughter is so familiar to every one of us. There is an English saying that 1 ，“He who laughs last laughs the hardest. ” High School Musical star Zac Efron is laughing a lot these days.
2 a young boy, Efron was picked on in school because he was always the smallest in his class and 3 because he had a big space between his teeth. In sixth grade, Efron’s basketball team made it to the league championships. In double overtime(两个加时赛), with three seconds left, he rebounded the ball and passed it—to the 4 team! They scored and his team lost the game.
But history, as they say, is a thing of the 5 . Now at 21, Efron is one of People Magazine’s 100 Most Beautiful People, graces the cover of Entertainment Weekly, Hollywood’s most 6 magazine, and is traveling the world 7 the third High School Musical film. Director Adam Shankman 8 Efron as “arguably the biggest teen star in America right now.” Simply google “Zac Efron” and you get more than 14 million 9 . Yes, it seems Efron has a lot to smile about these days.
Efron was born and 10 in California. He took school 11 . According to Efron, “I would get crazy if I got a B and not an A in school.” It was his father who encouraged him to act. He took part in school 12 and acted in a local theater group. He also 13 singing lessons. He graduated from high school in 2006 and was 14 to the University of Southern California to study film. But he put it off—why study movies 15 you can star in them?
Now Efron is also earning more than$3 million for his 16 in High School Musical 3. Not bad for a 21-year-old. But Efron 17 remembers those bullies(欺人者). “You always have to remember that bullies want to bring you down because you have something that they 18 .”Efron said. “Also, when you get made fun of, when people point out your 19 , it’s an opportunity for you to rise above.”
Efron has risen all the way to the top of the movie business. And he can now 20 all the way to the bank.
1. A. says B. goes C. reads D. talks
2. A. As B. Like C. For D. To
3. A. teased B. admired C. liked D. hated
4. A. strong B. right C. wrong D. active
5. A. past B. present C. moment D. time
6. A. effective B. respectful C. valuable D. influential
7. A. acting B. promoting C. advancing D. performing
8. A. thought B. served C. described D. treated
9. A. responses B. pictures C. passages D. comments
10. A. hired B. raised C. directed D. trapped
11. A. seriously B. formally C. cautiously D. easily
12. A. meetings B. reports C. 1ectures D. performances
13. A. taught B. took C. cancelled D. escaped
14. A. admitted B. recognized C. realized D. relieved
15. A. that B. when C. whether D. which
16. A. career B. role C. result D. movie
17. A. even B. yet C. still D. ever
18. A. admire B. observe C. earn D. consider
19. A. descriptions B. weaknesses C. strengths D. excuses
20. A. laugh B. cry C. sing D. run
三、阅读理解
In the wake of the earthquake, Kohei Maeda shared a small story of hope.
His brother and then-fiancée(未婚妻)decided to keep their wedding date of March 20 despite people saying it “was not appropriate” in light of the widespread suffering. The young Tokyo couple tied the knot as planned because they wanted to show there was still hope in Japan. A year later, Ikuhiro and Hiroromi Maeda are cultivating another seed of hope: They’re expecting a baby in late June.
Maeda said the soon-to-be mother, Hirnromi, fears for the future of her child, especially with the threat of radiation in food and water.
Maeda can’t wait to be a first-time uncle and he only has one wish for the baby: “I hope that the new baby will have a happy life” without nuclear concerns.
Maeda himself may be part of the solution, or he hopes so. The earthquake awakened his dream to one day run for office. He had always imagined that someday he would have the opportunity to make changes in his native land, but never was it so clear as after the disaster.
His personal lifestyle hasn’t changed since the earthquake, but his way of thinking is entirely different. “Just watching, seeing and saying ‘Oh my God’ means nothing. We have to act,” he said.
Maeda, 28, intends to run for office under an emerging political party in Japan called Osaka Ishin no Kai, the Osaka restoration group. If elected, he would first deal with the radiation problem and search for more environmentally friendly energy options.
Regardless of the ongoing radiation concerns and damaged buildings, Maeda has a message to the rest of the world: “A lot of Japanese are very optimistic, so don’t worry about US too much.” Maeda was reminded of a proverb while telling his story: “A mother is stronger than any other creature.”
“We as a family want to do everything we can to raise the new family member with love and happiness, by all means no matter how bad the environment is. Yes, we can!”
1. What does the underlined word“appropriate”in the second paragraph mean?
A. Wrong. B. Suitable. C. Possible. D. Illegal.
2. What is Hiroromi most worrying about now?
A. Her child’s health. B. The wedding date.
C. The future of Japan. D. Another possible earthquake.
3. Maeda quoted a proverb in the last but one paragraph mainly to
A. show Japanese are optimistic B. express wishes to every mother
C. fight against nuclear plants D. show his concerns on radiation
4. Which one is the best title of the text?
A. A Seed of the Future B. Natural or Man-made Disaster?
C. A Family Is All D. Marriage Brings Hope
5. What is Maeda likely to do if he is elected?
A. Give his families love and happiness.
B. Prevent the environment being polluted.
C. Replace nuclear with other energy sources.
D. Protect Japanese from natural disasters.
四、阅读理解新题型——“七选五”
Choosing the right job is probably one of the most important decisions we have to make in life, and it is frequently one of the hardest decisions we have to make. One important question that you might ask yourself is: “How do I get a good job?”___1___.
There are people who can answer an insignificant advertisement in the local paper and land the best job in the world; others write to all sorts of places all over the country, and never seem to get a reply at all. Still others believe that the in person, door-to-door approach is by far the best way to get a job; and then there are those who, through no active decision of their own, just seem to be in the right place at the right time. ___2____. He used to spend a lot of his free time down by the sea watching the tall ships, but never thinking that he might one day sail one of them. His father was a farmer, and being a sailor could never be anything for the boy but an idle dream. One day, on his usual wandering, he heard the captain of the ship complaining that he could not sail because one member of his crew was sick. Without stopping to think, the lad(少年) offered to take his place. ___3___.
__4__. If the lad had gone home to ponder（考虑）his decision for a week, he may have missed his chance. It is one thing to be offered an opportunity; it is another thing to take it and use it well.
Sometimes we hear stories about people who break all the rules and still seem to land plum jobs（美差）. When you go for a job interview or fill out an application, you are expected to say nice things about the company to which you are applying. ___5___. And within a year this person had become general manger of the company.
A. This story also illustrates the importance of seizing an opportunity when it presents itself.
B. People find jobs in an infinite number of ways.
C. it’s almost impossible to find a good job by answering advertisement in newspapers
D. Take for example the young man who wanted to be a sailor.
E. But there was one person who landed an excellent job by telling the interviewer all the company’s faults.
F. He spent the rest of his life happily sailing the ships he had always loved.
G. It is very important to seize an opportunity when it presents itself.
五、以下例句都是来自2019的高考试题，试着翻译例句。
1. Then came the moment—the time to share the day's new learning. (2019福建模拟)
2. Here is a graph that charts how far a bird flies during the first five days of its spring migration (See Graph 2). (2019浙江模拟)
3. The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new; nor are requests for more money to be sent from home. (2019北京模拟)
4. Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV. (2019北京模拟)
答案与解析
一、单项选择
1. A。表示方位的地点状语提前，句子完全倒装，所以选A项。
2. D。seldom为否定副词放句首，用部分倒装，故选D。句意为“我们因笑话而笑，但很少去思考笑话怎样让我们笑。”
3. D。表示存在关系的句子，将表地点的副词或介词短语提至句首时，若主语为名词，应采用完全倒装语序。此题中将表地点的副词. there提到了句首，而且主语为名词a girl，所以要采用完全倒装语序，所以选D项。
4. A。句意：直到离开家，他才开始意识到这个家对他来说是何等的重要。：not until引导的从句置于句首时，主句需用部分倒装。主从句的动作基本同时发生，故用一般过去时。
5. C。句意：——迈克尔变得都认不出来了。——确实如此！他是怎么做到减这么多体重的？So he has结构用于肯定前面的情况。
6. A。答句的结构用的是部分倒装形式，因此在句首应该选择符合部分倒装情况的短语。
at no time 任何时候都不；in no time立刻；at any time 在任何时候；at one time曾经。只有A项符合要求。
7. A。在宾语从句中“only +介词短语/副词/状语从句”置于从句句首，后面句子部分要用部分倒装，故A项正确。
8. B。句意：当我看着这座纪念碑的时候，我想，南京人民的那场灾难是多么的可怕，他们又是怎么反抗日本侵略者的啊。第一空是一个感叹句，用what a；第二空根据句子结构和句意可知用how表示方式。
9. A。走在教练后面穿蓝色套装的是我们队。此句为倒装句，正常语序为：Our team wearing blue suits walk behind the coach.
10. C。句意：直到我们有机会充分讨论这个问题，它才被完满解决。not until置于句首，主句用部分倒装结构，助动词置于主语前。另外本句符合“主将从现”结构，主句用一般将来时。
11. C。否定词little为否定副词，所以用部分倒装结构，故排除B和D。care for喜欢，care about在乎。答语句意为：我也很震惊，当地政府很少在意贫困儿童的安全。
12. B。“so…that”结构中，so 和形容词提前，后面要用部分倒装结构。
13. A。Not only提前，用部分倒装结构。句意为：他不仅许下了诺言，而且还坚守了诺言。
14. A。nowhere的意思是：没有一个地方，表示否定意义的副词位于句首要用部分倒装结构。
二、完形填空
1. B。Just as the saying goes是一个固定搭配，表示“常言道，正如谚语所说”。
2. A。As在此处表示“当……时候”。
3.A。前一句的短语“pick on sb.”表示“找某人的麻烦；找某人的茬”，另外，根据此空后面的had a big space between his teeth,可以推断别人“取笑”他。
4. C。还剩余3秒钟是，Efron错把球传给对方球队（the wrong tam），结果对方得分而他的球队输掉了比赛。
5. A。根据上下文，历史是过去的事情了，Efron现在是另外一个样子。
6. D。influential表示“有影响力的”，这里指最有影响力的杂志；valuable表示“贵重的”；respectful表示“尊敬的”；effective表示“起作用的，有效果的”。
7. B。promote一词多义， vt. 促进；提升；晋升；推销；宣传；发扬。根据上下文，表达“推销、宣传”的意思。
8. C。describe sb. as sth. 把某人描述成……。
9. A。根据上文，Efron现在是一个有影响力的人，所以在电脑中搜索他的名字，会出现1千4百万词条。
10. B。raise一词多义，在这里表示“抚养、养育”，还可以表示“提高、统筹；提出”。
11. A。take sth. seriously表示“认真对待某事”。
12.D。performance表示“演出”和后文的acted“表演”相对应。
13. B。take singing lessons表示“上唱歌课”。
14. A。be admitted to表示“被……录取；允许进入”。
15. B。句意：既然能主演电影，为什么还要学习表演呢？
16. B。他因为在影视剧中扮演很多角色（roles）而挣了很多钱。
17. C。他现在仍然记得那些欺负过他的人。
18. A。bring sb. down“陷害某人”。 他们陷害你表示你有让他们羡慕的地方。
19. B。point out your weaknesses指出你的缺点。
20. A。laugh all the way to the bank是美国的一个习惯用语，表示“一开始被人看不起，后来飞黄腾达，十分得意”。正好印证文章的开头语：He who laughs last laughs the hardest.
三、阅读理解
1. B。词义猜测题。despite意为“虽然”，人们认为在这种大灾难下不适合举办婚礼，但他们还是选择了3月20日这一天。suitable表示“适合的”，符合文意。
2. A。细节理解题。根据第三段可知，由于核辐射的威胁，她最担心孩子的健康问题。
3. A。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“A lot of Japanese are very optimistic, so don't worry about us too much. ”可知，他引用此谚语是为了表明日本人民的乐观。
4. A。主旨大意题。概括全文可知，Maeda通过弟弟和弟媳以及自己的故事表明，日本人民很乐观，仍然对未来充满了希望，即“未来的种子”为最佳标题。误解分析：其余选项表示“天灾还是人祸”、“家庭至上”和“婚姻带来希望”，均不能概括全文内容。
5. C。细节理解题。根据倒数第三段最后一句“If elected，he would first deal with the radiation problem and search for more environmentally friendly energy options. ”可知，他如果被选上的话，可能会着手寻找环保能源来替代核能源。
四、阅读理解新题型——“七选五”
1. B。根据上下文，选项B符合逻辑意义。
2. D。从此空的前后文可以很容易地看出，空后是对空前观点的例解。故选D。
3. F。根据故事叙述，选项F是对所举事例的总结语。
4. A。此空后面是对所举故事的进一步分析，选项A是此段的论点。
5. E。从此短的论点“Sometimes we hear stories about people who break all the rules and still seem to land plum jobs”便能看出，只有选与此空前面的观点相反的选项E，才能和后面的结果相符合。
五、例句翻译
1.然后这个时刻——分享一天所学的新内容——终于来了。
2.下面是一张鸟类在春季迁徙的前五天所飞过的路程的表格。
3. 大学生在经济上依赖他们的父母这一点没什么新奇的，他们需要更多来自家庭的需求也是不新奇的。
4.要不是电视（所教的内容），尼古拉斯可能不会熬过这场暴风雪。