北师大版高中英语高考总复习：43总复习：it的用法及强调句型

高考总复习：it用法及强调句型
真题再现
1. Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century ______ his musical gift was fully recognized. （2019重庆模拟）
A. while B. though C. that D. after
2. It was when we were returning home ________ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble. （2019湖南模拟）
A. which B. that C. where D. how
3. How would you like ______ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you? （2019浙江高考）
A. them B. one C. those D. it
4. If you’re buying today’s paper from the stand, could you get for me?
A. one B. such C. this D. that
5. Studying Wendy’s menu, I found that many of the items are similar to ____ of McDonald’s.
A. those B. one C. any D. all
6. No matter where he is, he makes _____a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.
A. him B this C. that D. it
7. This is not my story, nor ______ the whole story. My story plays out differently.
A. is there B. there is C. is it D. it is
1. C。此题考查的知识点是强调句。not until的强调句型：It is/was not until…that…。故C正确。
2. B。句子开头有It was…，如果去掉It was部分，余下部分是一个完整句子，判断这是强调句型。强调句的固定结构为It is/was…that/who...，答案为that。句意为：正是在我回家的时候我才意识到助人于危难中是多么令人高兴的事。
3. D。句意：当你正在看一个你喜欢的节目时，突然有个人进来，一声不吭地关掉电视，你会怎么想？it作形式宾语，指代if后面的句子。
4. A。根据句意：如果你去报摊上买今天的报纸，给我捎回一份好吗？one作“一个”，“一本”，“一件”等解，用来代替上文提到过的paper。相当于a copy of paper.
5. A。those= that ones，代指前面的many of the items，表示复数、特指，被of McDonald’s修饰，符合语境。ones 表示复数、泛指，不符合语境。
6. D。所填词做使役动词make的形式宾语，真正宾语是to go for a walk，选D。
7. C。nor位于句首引起部分倒装，排除B、D；再根据句意“这并不是（关于）我的故事，它也不是故事的全部。我的故事的结局不同。”选代词it。故答案选C。
知识讲解
人称代词
1. it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指上文刚提到的事物，以避免重复。
例如What's this? 在回答时要用It's a pen. 不再用This is a pen.
They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance.
2. 指动物或未知性别的婴儿：
Is it a boy or a girl?
Her new baby is tiny. It only weighs 2 kilos.
Is this your dog? No, it isn’t.
3. 指天气、时间、距离、环境等
It’s a nice day today.
It’s raining/snowing/sunny/windy.
It’s Monday today.
It’s lovely here.
It’s twenty minutes’ drive to our university.
用于不明确指代
1. 在句子的主语不太明确时充当主语；
Who is it there? It's I (me/you/he.....).
I thought it was Mary, but it was not she.
Her face lighted when she saw who it was.
2. 泛泛的指某件事 (有时泛指一般情况)；
I hate it when people talk with a full mouth.
It is noisy in this room.
It doesn’t matter.
It is a shame, isn’t it?
How is it going?
It says in the newspaper that....
3. it用在一些词组中，it没有特别的意思。
The last train's gone. Come on, we’ll foot it. (来，咱们步行吧。)
see to it that 注意,留意；关照
that's it 插入语, 这正是所需要的
got it 了解, 懂得
作形式主语，替代主语从句、动词不定式或动名词短语
1.作形式主语替代主语从句
It is clear/obvious/ true/ possible/certain that...
……清楚的（显然的，真的，可能的，肯定的……）
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree. = That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear.
It is important/necessary/right/ strange/ natural that...
……是重要的(必要的,对的,奇怪的,自然的……)，that后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。
It is important that we (should) learn English well.
It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.
It is said /reported/ learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped that...
据说/据报道/据悉……
It is said that he has come to Beijing.
It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.
It is suggested /advised/ordered/demanded/insisted/commanded that...
据建议/有命令……，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（should +动词原形），should可以省；
It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off.
It was ordered that we (should) arrive there in two hours.
It is (about/ high) time that...
从句用虚拟语气，动词用过去时did。
It is time that children went to bed.
It is time you bought a new car.
It is (high) time you made up your mind.
It is/was the first /second ... time that从句 (从句用现在完成时have done或过去完成时had done) 是第一（二）……次……
It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here.
It is a pity /a shame /an honor/a good thing/a fact /a surprise/... that...
that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。
It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class.
It is a pity that he is ill.
It happens /seems/ looks/ appears that...
碰巧……，似乎是……，看起来……
It happened (so happened) that he met his teacher in the street.
It seems that he will be back in a few days.
2.作形式主语替代不定式
It is kind (of sb.) to do sth.
不定式的逻辑主语是由of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的褒义或贬义形容词。常见的词有：bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，good（好心的），honest，horrible，kind，lazy，modest，naughty，nice（有教养的），polite，rude，silly，stupid，wise，wrong（错误的）等。
It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so.
It is necessary (for sb.) to do sth.
不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性、紧迫性、频繁程度、难易、安全等情况的中性形容词。常见的形容词有：important，necessary，natural, easy，safe，common，normal，hard，difficult，dangerous，unusual，rare，impossible，pleasant
如:It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should) come to the party.
It takes sb. ... to do sth. 做……要花费某人……
It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.
3.作形式主语替代动名词短语
It is no good /no use/ useless doing sth. ……没有好处或没有用。
It is no good learning English without speaking English.
It's useless trying to argue with Shylock.
作形式宾语，代替不定式，动名词短语或宾语从句。
We think it important to learn a foreign language.
该句型中的it 作形式宾语，该结构中常用的动词有：think, believe, make ,find consider, feel
We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.
He felt it important learning English well.
They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.
The Internet makes it easier for companies to keep in touch with customers.
it, one, that表示替代的区别
I cannot find my umbrella. I think I must buy one.
I can’t find my umbrella. I don’t know where I put it.
The umbrella you bought is cheaper than the one/ that I bought.
The check is in the drawer---the one with the key in the lock.
it用于强调句型
强调句型: It is/was + 被强调部分 + that 从句(被强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用)
对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday中的主语、宾语、状语进行强调：
It was I that/who met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday. (强调主语)
It was Li Ming that/who I met at the railway station yesterday. (强调宾语)
It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.（强调状语)
It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station. (强调状语)
“It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ...”也是强调句型，主要用于强调时间状语，译成汉语“直到……才……”，可以说是“not ... until ...”的强调形式。
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
= Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.
= I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
注意强调句中的主谓一致。当被强调的部分是主语时，连词who后的谓语动词应和被强调的主语在人称和数方面保持一致关系。
It is you that /who are wrong.
It is I who am wrong.
It isn’t just children who play these jokes.
强调句型的其他形式
强调谓语可以在动词原形前面加do/does/did，译为“确实，的确……”，此种强调只用do/ does和did，没有别的形式；过去时用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。
I do believe that he is an honest man.
She does like literature.
They did go to see you yesterday.
高考对It的考查方式
一、it 用作形式主语
当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，通常在句首使用形式主语it，而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。
It’s no good sitting up too late.
It is quite clear that he has read the book.
It doesn’t matter what he says.
it用作形式主语的三类特殊句式：
1.用作动词look, seem, appear, happen, occur, follow等的主语(后接that从句或as if从句)。
It seems that he knows everything.
It (so) happened that I had no money with me.
2.当系表结构后接有if 或when引出的状语从句时，通常在系表结构前使用形式主语表示说话人对某情况的看法。
It was a great surprise to me when he did a thing like that.
It would be a tragedy if anything went wrong.
3.用于if it were not for… / if it hadn’t been for…(若不是因为)。
If it hadn’t been for your help we would never have finished it.
二、考查 it 用作形式宾语的用法
当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，就应在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末：
We found it difficult to get there on time.
He makes it a rule not to sit up late.
it用作形式宾语的三类特殊句式：
1. 动词+it+if / when从句
当enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等动词后需要接一个if或when引导的从句时，此时必须要先在动词后接it作形式宾语。如：
She won’t like it if you arrive late.
He hates it when people use his bike.
I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work.
I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it.
2. 动词+介词+it that从句
能用于此句型的主要有三个动词，即depend on, answer for, see to。
You may depend on it that he will turn up in time.
I can’t answer for it that the boy is honest.
I’ll see to it that all these letters will be sent to the post before twelve.
三、考查 it 在强调句中的用法
强调句的基本结构是：It+be+被强调部分+that(who)+其他部分。
It was yesterday that he got married.
It was a computer that he bought last week.
特别注意两种情形：
1.当强调句有插入语或复杂修饰语时：
It was lack of money, not of effort, that defeated their plan.
It was more in sorrow than in anger that he criticized his former colleague.
2.当强调为特殊疑问句时：
Who was it that won the World Cup in 1982?
How long ago is it that you last saw her?
四、考查 it 与 one 的区别
两者均可代替前面提到的事物，区别是：it指的是与前面已提到的事物为同一物，此时的it等于“the (this, that, my……)+名词”；而one 指的是与前面已提到的事物为同一类物，此时的one等于“a+名词”。比较:
I have a dictionary but I’ve lent it to Mary.
I haven’t a dictionary； can you lend me one?
五、考查 it 在习语中的用法
make it clear弄清楚
Let's have/make it ……让我们约定在……
make it early 把时间定的早一点
when it comes to 一谈到；就……而论
as it is事实上，实际上，既然如此，像现在这样
as it were可以说，可谓；似乎
call it quits同意就此结束，表示愿意和解
call it a day今天就到此结束，就干到这里为止，收工
make it达到预定目标，及时抵达，走完路程，(病痛等)好转
play it by ear随机行事，无计划地进行
catch it受责备，挨骂，受罚
get it了解，懂得
get it on 兴奋，激动
ask for it 自寻麻烦，自找苦吃
on the face of it 乍看上去，从表面上看
leg it 步行，步走
巩固练习
一、单项选择
1. ______that there will be another good harvest this autumn.
A. He is said B. It is said C. It says D. It was said
2.______ she was free on Monday morning,
A. That happened B. It is happened that
C. It happened to D. It happened that
3.___three years since he joined the army.
A. That is B. It is C. This is D. It was
4. ________is good ___ you to have taken good care of your classmates.
A. This; to B. It; for C. That; it D. It; of
5. What a long way ____________!
A. it is B is it C. is that D. This is
6. Does ______matter if I am late for the meeting tomorrow?
A. this B. it C. that D. which
7. ________makes me sick to think of the matter.
A. That B. It C. This D. Which
8. The parents will never forget that _____ the doctor _____ had saved their child’s life.
A. it is; that B. it was; that
C. that is; when D. it was; when
9._____about half past ten ______we got to the station.
A. It is; that B. It was; that
C. That is; when D. It was; when
10. We consider ________ our duty helping him.
A. it B. that C. which D. that
二、完形填空
Rafferty is a proud mother today after her 3-year-old son, Bailey, dialed 911 when she fell down the stairs and was knocked unconscious.
Rafferty and her son had fallen l while watching a movie in their bed. She woke up a few minutes later to go ___2__ to use the restroom.
“The next thing I remember is that I __3___ life in the hospital,” she said. “Apparently when going upstairs to use the restroom, I fell down the stairs. It was pretty ___4___,”said Rafferty.
The preschooler called the ___5___ number as his mother had instructed him to do for more than a year. Officer Brad Holder __6___ to the call said they often get a lot of calls where ___7____ are playing with the phone, but this is the __8___ time he can recall a child of such a young age ___9__ a clear call during an actual emergency·
“We encourage all ___10__ to teach their kids what to do in emergency situations,” he said. “With Bailey, just the __11___ that he was able to do it at such a young age is just absolutely __12____. On top of seeing his mom __13__ and being scared, the little boy was still able to dial 911. ”
Rafferty said that Bailey had been taking 14 every time she told him about dialing 911 in an emergency. Rafferty wanted to take that 15 to spread the message to single parents in every place— to 16 their children what to do during an emergency.
“There are single parents ___17___ and a single parent may get into ___18___ any time,” Rafferty said. “It’s very important that a child know how to call 911 to get help for his parent and for themselves. ’’
Rafferty ___19___ of hospital around 8 p. m. on Monday. ___20___ she came back home, she hugged her son, saying that he was her hero and she was very proud of him.
1. A. silent B. asleep C. ill D. aware
2. A. upstairs B. downstairs C. upwards D. downwards
3. A. dreamt of B. dealt with C. carried on D. came to
4. A. hard B. scary C. careful D. constant
5. A. telephone B. police C. emergency D. fire
6. A. responding B. leading C. referring D. turning
7. A. people B. boys C. children D. girls
8. A. just B. still C. even D. only
9. A. sending B. taking C. making D. receiving
10. A. teachers B. parents C. mothers D. nurses
11. A. desire B. attempt C. fact D. thought
12. A. amazing B. frightening C. confusing D. puzzling
13. A. waken B. hurt C. blocked D. cured
14. A. attention B. time C. exercise D. care
15. A. opportunity B. officer C. situation D. example
16. A. assist B. educate C. ask D. organize
17. A. somewhere B. nowhere C. anywhere D. everywhere
18. A. mess B. difficulty C. danger D. trouble
19. A. got out B. kept out C. set out D. dropped out
20. A, Fortunately B. Immediately C. Surely D. Definitely
三、阅读理解
Robert Pershing Wadlow was the tallest person in history. Wadlow reached 8.111 feet (2. 720m) in height and weighed 199 kg at his death at age 22. His great size and his continued growth in adulthood was due to hypertrophy of his pituitary gland (脑下垂体肥大), which results in an abnormally high level of human growth hormone. He showed no indication of an end to his growth even at the time of his death.
Wadlow was born in Alton, Illinois on February 22, 1918, and was the oldest of five children. During elementary school, they had to make a specialized desk for him due to his size. In 1936, after graduating from Alton High School, he enrolled in Shurtleff College with the intention of studying law.
Wadlow’s size began to bring trouble: he required leg braces to walk, and had little feeling in his legs and feet. Despite these difficulties, Wadlow never used a wheelchair.
Wadlow was an American celebrity; he was well-known due to his 1936 U. S. tour with the Ringling Brothers Circus and his 1938 promotional tour with the INTERCO. He continued participating in tours and public appearances. His shoes were provided to him free of charge by a shoe company for which he did promotional work and appearances. Examples still exist in several locations throughout the US, including the Alton Museum of History and Art.
One year before his death, he passed John Rogan as the tallest person ever.
On July 4, 1940, during a professional appearance at the Manistee National Forest Festival, a brace injured his ankle, causing a blister and infection. Doctors treated him with a blood transfusion and emergency surgery, but his condition worsened and on July 15, 1940, he died in his sleep at age 22.
More than 30, 000 people attended Wadlow’s funeral on July 19. He was buried in a 10-foot-long(3. 0m), haft-ton coffin(石棺)that required twelve strong men to carry.
1. When did Wadlow almost lose his feeling in his legs and feet?
A. When he was born in Alton.
B. When he was in elementary school.
C. After he graduated from Alton High School.
D. After he enrolled in Shurtleff College.
2. When did Wadlow become the tallest man in the world?
A. In 1918. B. In 1936. C. In 1939. D. In 1940.
3. Wadlow was a famous person mainly because ________.
A. he participated in some tours and public appearances
B. he required leg braces to walk with an amazing height
C. he couldn’t walk normally and had to use a wheelchair
D. he continued to grow until he was dying
4. According to the text, we can infer that Wadlow ________.
A. was very happy with his size
B. was very strong despite his size
C. died from his ankle injury
D. keeps the record in size up to now
四、句子翻译
下面含有it的例句都是来自2019年高考模拟试题，试着翻译成中文。
1. When Grylls heard about Nicholas’ amazing deeds，he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.
(2019 北京模拟)
2. I would appreciate it if you would offer more information. (2019 重庆模拟)
3. After boats began flying special flags noting the inspector aboard, the keeper's family made it a game to see who could notice the boat first. (2019 湖南模拟)
4. If the copyright date of your current dictionary shows that it was published five or more years ago, consider investing in a more recent edition. (2019 湖南模拟)
5. From what I have seen, few do homework, instead many are on their phones and talking, making it impossible for those who actually want to do work to complete any. (2019 陕西模拟)
6. It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators (天敌) fleeing to quieter areas. (2019 四川模拟)
7. It was a hot summer day that found me running down the street with a dollar in my sweaty hand. (2019 四川模拟)
8. Now it occurred to him that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck. (2019 广东模拟)
9. A recent study of public opinion shows that in modern Britain it is easy to recognize a person’s class. (2019 广东模拟)
10. It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics. (2019 湖北模拟)
11. It doesn’t make sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars. (2019 天津模拟)
五、书面表达
假设你是红星中学高三一班的学生李华，为校刊英语园地写一篇题为“Our Social Practice Activity”的英文稿件。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，叙述上周你们班从准备参观首都博物馆到参观结束的完整过程。
注意：词数不少于60。
提示词：讲解员 guide 脸谱 a paint mask 剪纸 paper-cuts

答案与解析
一、单项选择
1. B。题干为“It is said that...”句型，it作形式主语，真正的主语为that...从句。
2. D。题干为“It happened that...”句型，意为“碰巧……，恰巧……”。it作形式主语，真正的主语为that...从句。
3. B。it在题干中泛指时间。
4. D。题干为“It is adj. of sb. to do sth.”句型。句中的形容词是对sb.的评价。it做形式主语，真正的主语为不定式短语。
5. A。it在句中泛指地点，题干为感叹句，表语提前。
6. B。it为形式主语，不及物动词matter作谓语，真正的主语为if...从句。
7. B。it做形式主语，真正的主语为to think of the matter.
8. B。题干中宾语从句部分为强调句型，强调的是从句的主语部分。此外，宾语从句的时态为过去式，排除A项。
9. D。本句易误认为是强调句型，但是“about half past ten”缺少介词，所以It在句中指代时间，when引导时间状语从句。
10. A。it做形式宾语，真正的宾语是动名词短语helping him。
二、完形填空
1. B。下文的She woke up...表明她们母子在床上看着电视睡着了，故选asleep。
2. A。根据下文中的when going upstairs to use the restroom可知，Rafferty上楼时从楼梯上摔下来。
3. D。第一段的unconscious和孩子拨打911的情况表明，这位母亲在昏迷中被送往医院，故醒来时发现自己在医院。
4. B。下文中的being scared暗示着这种状况很吓人，故选scary。
5. C。由第一段可知孩子拨打了911急救电话. 因此选emergency。后文中的emergency也有提示。
6. A。根据本句的叙述可知，Officer Brad Holder是接听911电话的人，故选responding。
7. C。根据空8后的a child of such a young age可断定是孩子们在平时打911电话玩。
8. D。这是他能回忆起的唯一的一次，那么小的孩子能准确地在电话中描述真正的紧急事件。表示“唯一，正是”时，just the time相当于the only time。
9. C。联系空后的during all actual emergency可知，小男孩清晰地打电话。
10. B。这个小男孩还没上学，因此这里指家长们教给孩子在紧急状况下应该做什么。
11. C。3岁的小男孩成功拨打了911电话是一个事实，故选fact。
12. A。联系空前的he was able to do it at such a young age可知，这么小的年龄能做这样的事情，确实让人很惊奇。
13. B。母亲从楼梯上摔下来和住院表明母亲受伤了，故选hurt。
14. D。每次她告诉他在紧急情况下拨打911时，他会很用心地听。
15. A。 Rafferty想利用那次机会把这个信息传达给单身父母们。
16. B。第四段中的as his mother had instructed him to do暗示这里应该是教给孩子在紧急状况下应该做什么。
17. D。根据上文中的single parents in every place可知这里指“到处都有单身的父母”。
18. C。家长教给孩子在危急状况下打911，而不是一遇到困难就打，故选danger。
19. A。根据后一句中的came back home可知，母亲出院了，故选got out。
20. B。她一回到家，就紧紧地抱住儿子说……。根据句子结构，可知该空需要一个连词，故选immediately表示“一……就……”。
三、阅读理解
1. D。推理判断题。根据第三段可知，他腿部几乎失去了知觉，结合第二段可知，当时他正在上大学或者大学毕业，由此可知答案为D项。
2.C。细节理解题。由倒数第三段“One year before his death, he passed John Rogan as the tallest person ever. ”可知，他在去世前一年成为世界上最高的人，又由倒数第二段可知他在1940年去世。
3. A。细节理解题。根据第四段“he was well known due to...”可知答案 为A项。
4. C。推理判断题。由倒数第二段可知，他去世的直接原因就是脚踝的伤。误解分析：文章并未体现出他对自己的身高很满意或者至今仍然保持着身高的记录，可排除A项和D项；由第三段可知他腿部几乎失去知觉，无法行走，只能借助支架，可排除B项。
四、句子翻译
1. 当格里尔斯听说尼古拉斯的惊人的举动时，他对尼古拉斯成功印象深刻，因为他比任何人都知道尼古拉斯要活着得多么努力。
2. 如果你能提供更多信息，我不胜感激。
3. 在船开始飘扬标志着视察者登船的特别旗帜时，船主的家人做了一个游戏，看看谁最早注意到这艘船。
4. 如果你手头的字典的版权日期表明它是五年或更长的时间以前出版的，你还是最好花钱买一本最近版本的。
5. 从我所见的来看，很少人做家庭作业，取而代之的是他们在电话里聊天，这使得那些真正想做作业的人不可能完成任务。
6. 据认为他们正在投资于他们的天敌，这些天敌逃往更僻静的地区。
7. 一个炎热的夏天，我沿着街道在跑，汗津津的手里攥着一美元。
8. 他现在突然想到他的农场有很大潜力，奶牛的死亡是一点点运气。
9. 最近的公众意见研究表明：在现在的英国，很容易判断一个人的阶层。
10. 进行一些体重问题的主题是一种尝试。
11. 仅仅是为了省几美元就买最便宜的品牌的电脑没道理。
五、书面表达
内容要点：
1．上网查找路线（位置）
2．九点集合;讲解员带领参观
3．看电影；DIY区做剪纸和脸谱
4．十二点离开
Our Social Practice Activity
Our class visited the Capital Museum last week, and it is one of the most impressive social practice activities since high school.
Last Thursday before our visit, my classmates and I searched for as much information as possible through the Internet, such as its location and the latest exhibitions and shows.
On Friday morning we gathered at the entrance at nine o’clock, and then a beautiful guide showed us around the exhibition on the traditional buildings in Beijing, where we learned the development of our city architecture. After that, we got to know our folk culture by watching the digital film and learning to make some paper-cuts and paint masks in DIY area. Before we left at twelve, we also went to the craft show that I was interested in.
The capital Museum is very large and attractive and the activities there aroused our great excitement and interest in our traditional culture and custom. We enjoyed the visit so much that most of my classmates decided to come again later. (170 words)