北师大版高中英语高考总复习：39总复习：限制性定语从句
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高考总复习：限制性定语从句
真题再现
1. （2019安徽模拟）Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon______ school education depends.
A. it B. that C. whose D. which
2. （2019陕西模拟）As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time _______ he should be able to be independent.
A. which B. where C. whom D. when
3. （2019浙江模拟）Creating an atmosphere _______ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
A. as B. whose C. in which D. at which
4.（2019天津模拟）The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees enjoy their work.
A. where B. which C. when D. who
5. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _____ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
A. which B. where C. what D. who
6. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of ______ uses it somewhat differently.
A. which B. what C. them D. those
7. Children who are not active or _____ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
A. what B. whose C. which D. that
1.D。本题考查的定语从句的用法，upon which的用法，句意为：一些专家认为，阅读是一些学校教育依赖的重要的技能。
2. D。考查定语从句，先行词the time,定语从句缺少时间状语，用关系副词when。
3. C。句意：创造一种雇员感觉是其中一员的氛围是一个大的挑战。这是一个定语从句，in the atmosphere“在氛围中”是一个固定搭配，因此选用in which。此外也可以是where。
4. A。句意：公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，其员工喜欢他们的工作。句中先行词为atmosphere，抽象的地点名词，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。故选A。
5. A。句意：她具有给学生营造一种允许他们自由交流的氛围的天赋。分析句子结构可知，定语从句“_____ allows them to communicate freely with each other”修饰先行词atmosphere，将先行词代入从句后为：The atmosphere allows them to communicate freely with each other，由此可知先行词在定语从句中作主语，而且指代物，所以需用关系代词which，故正确答案为A项。
6. A。句意：英语是一种被几种不同文化共有的语言，每种文化使用英语多少有些不同。本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为cultures，将先行词代入定语从句后为：Each of the cultures uses it somewhat differently，由此可见先行词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，且of被提前，故答案为A项。what不能引导定语从句，故被排除；如选C项，需在each of前加并列连词。
7. B。句意：那些不是很活跃，或者饮食中热量太高的孩子会很快长胖。先行词为children。
or连接两个并列的定语从句，第一个定语从句的关系词为who，第二个关系词为考查点，先行词children在第二个定语从句中与从句中的主语diet形成所属关系：children’s diet，故选择B项。
知识讲解
定义及分类
定语由一个句子来充当，那么这个句子就叫做定语从句。
The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other.其中划线部分为定语从句。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，此外还有间隔性定语从句。
This is the school (that/which) we visited last year. （限制性定语从句）
The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect. （非限制性定语从句）
The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.（间隔性定语从句）
定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：（限制性）定语从句无逗号隔开、不可缺少、起修饰限制作用，而非限制性定语从句有逗号隔开、可有可无、起补充说明作用。
构成：定语从句由先行词、关系词和从句构成。先行词是定语从句所修饰限制的名词或代词。关系词是用来引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词。
The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other.
此句中先行词为：narrow streets and small houses,关系词为：that，定语从句为：that are built close to each other
关系代词的选择
限制性定语从句的关系代词有that（人、物），which（物），who(m)（人），whose（人、物），as。
注：关系副词一般都可变为“介词+关系代词”结构（即：关系副词=介词+关系代词）。
This is the mountain village where (=in which) I stayed last month.
关系词的选择：在主句完整的情况下，当定语从句主语、宾语或表语成分不完整时，用关系代词引导；当定语从句主语、宾语或表语成分完整时，用关系副词引导。
This is the school that we visited.
(从句宾语缺失，visit为及物动词，需要补充宾语，选用关系代词)
This is the school where we study.
(从句部分没有宾语，但是由于study在此是不及物动词，不接宾语)
指人或物时，关系词只用that的情况。
当先行词为不定代词（all、much, little, few, some, any, none, one, something, anything, everything等）或先行词被不定形容词（all, many, some, few, little等）修饰时。
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?
当先行词既有人又有物时。
Do you know the things and persons that you are talking about?
当先行词含有序数词或最高级时。
This bus is the first that will go to Beijing.
This is the best movie that I have ever seen.
当先行词被only, very, next, last等修饰时。
This is the very book that I’m looking for.
在who或which引导的特殊疑问句中。
Which is the bike that you lost?
当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
Zhengzhou is no longer the city that it used to be.
指事或物时，关系词只用which的情况。
引导非限制性定语从句时。
He turned to be a very successful man, which was more than we expected.
当“介词+关系代词”结构引导定语从句时。
This is the question about which they have so much discussion in the past few weeks.
当先行词为that时，关系词只用which且不可省略。
The clock is that which tells the time.
当关系代词后有插入成分时。
Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, which, of course, made all the others upset.
当句子中有两个定语从句时，避免关系词重复。
They secretly built a factory which produced things that could produce pollution.
as用于限制性定语从句的情况
as常用于固定搭配中：the same. . . as，such…as，as/so…as。
He bought such a book as I have.（as作宾语）
He is not the same man as he was.
Beijing is such a city as everyone likes to visit.
由whose引导的定语从句?
关系代词whose是who的所有格，在从句中作定语，既可指人，又可指物。
This is the boy whose parents died last year. （whose作定语，指人）?
注：“whose+名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语，又能作宾语。whose的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”。 ?
They came to a house whose back wall had broken down. (= the back wall of which)
He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. (= whose name)
关系副词的用法?
when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有time，day，morning，night，week，year等。
I still remember the time when I first became a college student.?
Do you know the date when Lincoln was born?
where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有place，spot，street，house，room，city，town，country等。
This is the hotel where they are staying.
I forget the house where the Smiths lived.
注：where有时也可以省略
This is the place (where) we met yesterday.
why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。
That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.
使用关系副词应注意下列几点：?
1. 这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构：?
when = on (in, at, during...)+ which;?
where = in (at，on...)+which;?
why = for which. ?
I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived.?
The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor.?
This is the chief reason why (=for which)we did it.
2. 当先行词是表时间的time，day等和表地点的place，house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that；缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where。
I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.?
I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.?
3. when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why 只能引导限制性定语从句。?
when 和where的特殊含义
有时先行词不是day, time, room, place等明确的表示时间、地点的名词，而是occasion, age, case, point, chair, business, situation, stage, condition等，定语从句也要用when, where来引导。例如：
We are living in an age when many things are done on computer.
If a shop has chairs where women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.
the way后的定语从句
The way in which he answered the question was surprising.
The way that he answered the question was surprising.
The way he answered the question was surprising.
注意比较下面的句子：
The way (that/which) he explained to us was quite simple.
The way (that/ in which) he explained it to us was not difficult to understand.
that，which，whom在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。
This is the book (which) you were looking for yesterday.
I don’t like the novel (that) you are reading.
定语从句的主谓一致
定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句的人称、数与先行词一致。如：?
Those who are in their forties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon.?
（先行词those是复数，关系代词who也就看作是复数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了复数形式are）?
This is the magazine which was sent to me by post. （先行词the magazine是单数，关系代词which也就看作是单数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了单数形式was sent）?
“介词+关系代词”结构
1. 看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配
Do you like the book on which she spent $10?
2. 看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配
Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which I’m sure?
3. 根据介词与先行词搭配
1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.
4. “动词+介词”构成的固定短语中的介词不可以提前
Is this the watch that you are looking for?
The old man whom I am looking after is better.
先行词与介词的习惯搭配
当先行词表示“领域、方面”时，如aspect，respect，area，field等，用in which。
当先行词表示“价格、利率、速度”时，如rate，price，speed等，用at which。
当先行词表示“程度”时，如degree，extent等，用 to which。
当先行词表示“根据、依据、基础”时，如grounds，foundation，basis等，用on which。
两组易混结构的辨别
1. the same...that与the same...as引导的定语从句在意义上的区别：前者修饰的名词与原物是同一个东西；而后者修饰的是与先行词同类型的另一样东西。
This is the same bag that I lost yesterday． (同一个书包)
This is the same bag as I lost yesterday． (同类型的另一个)
2. such/so...as...和such /so...that...结构不同，as引导定语从句，而that引导状语从句。
They talked in such simple English as children could understand．
(定语从句，as代替先行词simple English作understand的宾语。)
He shut the window with such a force that the glass broke．
(结果状语从句，that引导的从句表示用力关窗导致的结果。)
定语从句与其他从句的辨别
定语从句与同位语从句的区别
定语从句与同位语从句的区别主要是看连接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的是定语从句，不作成分而只是表示前面名词的具体内容的则是同位语从句。
He makes a promise that if he Call get the job，he will work hard to make as much money as he can for the company． (that引导的同位语从句是对先行词a promise的进一步解释和说明)
Mike’s parents made a special promise to Tom that surprised Tom． (that引导的定语从句是对先行词promise的修饰和限制)
定语从句与强调句的区别
定语从句和强调句的判断方法：若将句中的“It is/was…that/who”去掉，而句子不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强调句。
It was in 1998 that the flood destroyed many houses in Jiangxi．
(判断方法：如果去掉it was和that，剩下in 1998 the flood destroyed many houses in Jiangxi，句子结构完整，可判定原句为强调句)
定语从句与状语从句的区别
定语从句在句子中作定语，修饰名词、代词或句子；并且，这个被修饰的名词、代词或句子称为先行词，通常放在定语从句之前。状语从句在句子中作状语，修饰动词；通常不同的状语从句有不同的连词，位置较灵活，通常放在句首或句末，有时也放在句中。
Let’s have a short meeting where we met last time．
(Where we met last time是地点状语从句，在句中作地点状语，表示开会的地方)
This is the place where we had a meeting last time．
(Where we had a meeting last time是定语从句，在句中作定语修饰the place)
定语从句与并列结构的区别
区分办法主要看前后句之间是否有and、but等并列连词或分号等的存在，若有，则为并列句；如果只有逗号，且逗号后的内容是对前面某一名词的补充说明，则为非限定性定语从句。试比较：
He has two sons, neither of whom looks like him.
He has two sons, and neither of them looks like him.
分离型定语从句
分离型定语从句，主要指的是定语从句与它所修饰的先行词之间被其他词隔开的情形。分离型定语从句主要有以下两种类型：
1. 先行词与定语从句被状语隔开。
He found the dictionary there he was looking for. 他在那儿找到了他在找的词典。
I saw something in the paper which might interest you. 我在报上看到一样可能使你感兴趣的东西。
2. 将定语从句置于句末。如：
Something was going to happen that was to change the world. 当时有件事就要发生，这件事将改变世界的面貌。
A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German. 明天要来一位新的老师教你们德语了。
The day will come when we will all have robots. 人人都有机器人的时代，总有一天会来临的。
注意，分离定语从句的使用主要是出于平衡句子结构或强调的原因，并且使用这类结构必须以句子不至于产生歧义为前提，否则就不要使用这类句子。 ：
The man hid the weapon in the cave which his son found.
这个句子是有歧义的：如果认为定语从句which his son found是修饰the cave，则句子意思为：他把武器藏在他妻子发现的岩洞里。如果认为定语从句which his son found是修饰the weapon（属分离修饰），则句子意思为：他把儿子发现的武器藏在岩洞里。
巩固练习：
一、单项选择（河北昌黎一中）
1. We should learn from those _______ are always ready to help others.
A. who B. whom C. they D. that
2 .Tom is the only one of the students who___ to Shanghai.
A. have gone B. have been C. has been D. had gone
3. All the apples ______fell down from the tree were eaten up by the pigs.
A. which B. / C. that D. they
4. I can tell you ______ he told me last week.
A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all that
5. It is the third time ______ late this month.
A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that you’ve arrived D. when you’ve arrived
6. This is the very place ______ I’m wishing to live in.
A. where B. which C. that D. in which
7. I have bought the same dress ______ she is wearing.
A. as B. that C. which D. than
8. The reason _____ he didn’t come was _____ he was injured.
A. that, because B. why, that C. why, because D. that, that
9. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ______ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
10. When they met again, the two friends talked about lots of things and persons _____we could remember in the school.
A. who B. whom C. that D. which
二、完形填空
There have been big changes in the attitudes of most parents over the last few years. Physical punishment is 1 in schools in most countries, and in many countries, even at home. 2 , many parents still believe that they have the 3 to use some physical punishments to deal with certain 4 at certain ages.
It is easy to find reasons to allow some physical punishments. One 5 is that many parents find it very difficult to 6 physical punishment completely. Parents 7 that this was the way they were 8 and that it didn’t do any harm to them. They believe that for the child’s 9 they have the right to discipline the child in any way they see 10 , including using some physical punishments. The other one is that physical punishment can be quick and 11 . There is not much point reasoning with a 12 child in the supermarket.
However, there are several reasons why we should 13 using physical punishment. One point is that most parents are not 14 to deal with misbehaving children. They do not have enough resources or 15 to handle the situation. As a result, they immediately 16 by hitting the child, even if there are other solutions to the problem. Another point is that 17 people are challenged or forced to change their belief, they may keep following 18 habits. An example is seat belts use——now most people wear seat belts without thinking, 19 years ago the idea of using seat belts was strange to most people. In the same way, banning physical punishment will 20 people to change the habits.
In conclusion, parents have to change some of their belief and ideas about how children should he raise.
1. A. allowed B. banned C. considered D. accepted
2. A. Then B. Therefore C. However D. Instead
3. A. privilege B. opportunity C. wish D. hobby
4. A. disobedience B. actions C. movements D. misbehaviors
5. A. issue B. way C. opinion D. measure
6. A. adopt B. choose C. abandon D. permit
7. A. suspect B. argue C. suggest D. deny
8. A. brought up B. dealt with C. taken in D. looked upon
9. A. safety B. growth C. sake D. interest
10. A. handy B. fit C. cruel D. kind
11. A. easy B. smart C. active D. effective
12. A. running B. screaming C. weeping D. studying
13. A. stop B. begin C. remember D. forget
14. A. forced B. advised C. trained D. encouraged
15. A. choices B. materials C. tools D. education
16. A. hesitate B. awake C. stand D. react
17. A. once B. unless C. until D. if
18. A. positive B. usual C. negative D. early
19. A. so B. whereas C. and D. or
20. A. force B. inspire C. forbid D. disappoint
三、阅读理解
A篇
William Henry Bragg was born at Westward, Cumberland, on July 2, 1862. He was educated at Market Harborough Grammar School and afterwards at King William’s College. Isle of Man. Elected a minor scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1881, he studied mathematics under the well-known teacher, Dr. E. J. Routh. He studied physics in the Cavendish Laboratory during a part of 1885, and at the end of that year was elected to the Professorship of Mathematics and Physics in the University of Adelaide, South Australia.
His research interests dealt with a great many fields and he was skilled at picking up a subject, almost casually, making an important contribution, and then dropping it again. However, the work of Bragg and his son Lawrence in 1913-1914 founded a new branch of science of the greatest importance and significance, the analysis of the crystal(晶体) structure by means of X-rays. It is true that the use of X-rays as an instrument for the systematic revelation of the way in which crystals are built was entirely due to the Braggs. This was recognized by the award of the Nobel Prize jointly to father and son in 1915.
He was an honorary Doctor of some sixteen universities, and a member of the leading foreign societies. Many other medals and awards were bestowed upon him among which may be mentioned the Rumford Medal in 1916 and the Copley Medal (its premier award) in 1930.
He was the author of many books, including Studies in Radio-activity, X-Rays and Crystal Structure, The World of Sound, Concerning the Nature of Things, Old Trades and New Knowledge, An Introduction to Crystal Analysis, and The Universe of Light. His favorite hobby was golf. After a life of astonishing productiveness, Sir William Bragg died on March 10, 1942.
1. In Trinity College William Henry Bragg was ________.
A. a professor B. a student C. a worker D. a doctor
2. William Henry Bragg was awarded the Nobel Prize because ________.
A. he succeeded in using X-rays to find out the crystal structure
B. he was the first to use X-rays to help to do his experiment
C. he was determined to learn everything well and then gave them up
D. he was successful in his research work with the help of his son
3. According to this passage, William Henry Bragg was interested in all the subjects EXCEPT ________.
A. mathematics B. physics C. medicine D. sports
4. Which one of the following is right according to this passage?
A. Bragg became the professor of the University of Adelaide in 1885.
B. Bragg won the Rumford Medal and the Copley Medal in the same year.
C. Bragg gained great achievements in many fields, including society.
D. Bragg and Lawrence wrote the book X-Rays and Crystal Structure.
5. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A. William Henry Bragg’s Productive Life
B. William Henry Bragg：a Famous Author
C. Bragg and His Son—Two Great Scientists
D. X-rays and the Crystal Structure
B篇(2019届江西省八所重点中学高三联考)
There are some strange driving laws in different countries.
Countries Laws
Vietnam If you’re in Vietnam without a Vietnamese driver’s license, you risk a prison sentence of up to three years.
Russia In Moscow, if your car is dirty enough to draw dust art, you will be fined about 2,000 rubles (about US $55). Worse yet, it’s illegal to wash your car by hand in public places — forcing you to take it to one of the few car wash facilities.
Thailand Drivers —male or female — can’t drive shirtless, whether it’s a car, a bus, or a tuk-tuk cab.
France France requires its drivers to carry a portable breathalyzer(酒精测量仪) at all times when driving a car. The one-time breathalyzer cost around US$5, and if you don’t have one, you will be fined US$15.
Cyprus Raising your hands in the car can get you fined of US$35. The law states a driver can be fined if the person “is in an irregular position inside the car or raises his hand from the steering wheel unnecessarily.
Japan Politeness isn’t just the culture in Japan; it’s part of driving laws. Splashing a person by driving through a puddle(水坑) with your car will cost you over US$60. The country is also strict with its DUI(酒驾) laws — riding with or lending your car to a driver who gets caught drinking and driving can lead to a fine costing thousands of dollars.
6. Where should you go to wash your car when you are in Moscow?
A. The car wash facilities. B. Any public place
C. Your home D. The forest
7. What can get you fined for in Cyprus?
A. Forgetting to carry a portable breathalyzer.
B. Not having a Cyprus driver’s license.
C. Putting your hands above your head when you are driving.
D. Driving without a shirt.
8. If you are fined thousands of dollars in Japan, you may have been ____.
A. in an irregular position in your car
B. sitting in a car with a drunk driver
C. splashing a person with mud
D. impolite to other drivers
9. This text can most likely be found in _______.
A. a law document B. a fashion magazine
C. an international newspaper D. a column on interesting cultures
四、“七选五”新题型
What is your favorite colour? Do you like yellow, orange, and red? 1 . Do you prefer greys and blues? Then you are probably quiet, shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know, because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colour preference, as well as the effect that colours have on human beings. 2 . If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.
3 . A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. 4 . A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides(自杀) than any other bridge in the area—until it was repainted green. The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply. Perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue.
5 . It is an established fact that factory workers work better, harder, and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.
A. On the other hand, black is depressing.
B. They tell us, among other facts, that we do not choose our favorite colour as grow up—we are born with our preference.
C. The rooms are painted in different colours as you like.
D. If you do, you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement.
E. Light and bright colours make people not only happier but more active.
F. Life is like a picture or a poem, full of different colours.
G. Colours do influence our moods—there is no doubt about it
五、书面表达
假设你堂兄建华在国外学习，你们经常用英文通信。他即将完成学业，不久前来信就是否回国工作征求你的意见。请根据下列提示回信：
1．建议他回国；
2．你的理由是：学有所用，就业容易；照顾父母。
注意；1．词数120左右。
2．行文应连贯，内容应完整。
答案与解析
一、单项选择
1. A。先行词是those，指人，并且定语从句部分缺主语，选who.
2. C。本题考查定语从句的主谓一致问题。先行词students被the only one修饰，算单数，因此who指代单数，谓语用单数。D项时态不对。
3. C。先行词apples被不定代词all修饰，只用that。
4. D。题干空白处不但缺关系词，也缺先行词。此处的先行词为all，关系代词that在从句做宾语（tell带双宾语），可以省略，因此all that或者all都可以接受。
5. C。It be …times 后面固定接that引导的定语从句，并且这个句型常带完成时态的从句。
6. C。定语从句部分in缺宾语，选关系代词，又由先行词被the very 修饰，只用that。
7. A。题干中含有the same结构，可以用the same…as和the same that结构，the same as 强调的是类型的相同；the same that 强调的是物体本身的相同。
8. B。why代替the reason在定语从句中作原因状语；第二空that引导表语从句。
9. D。从句部分turn to sb for help是固定搭配，把to提前到关系代词前。
10. C。先行词既有人又有物，关系代词用that, that作从句remember的宾语。
二、完形填空
1. B。联系后文的in schools in most countries, and in many countries, even at home以及接下来的转折可知，体罚在许多学校，甚至家庭都是禁止的。
2. C。联系空后的still believe that they have the 3 (privilege)to use some physical punishments ...可知，尽管体罚已经禁止，但是很多家长认为他们有特权去体罚自己的孩子，因此前后为转折关系。
3. A。联系空后的to use florae physical punishments再结合生活实际可知。很多家长认为自己有特权去体罚孩子。
4. D。联系空前的use some physical punishments可知，这些家长利用体罚处理孩子不当的行为。A有一定的干扰性，disobedience意思是“不服从”，而联系下文中to deal with misbehaving children可知，他们体罚行为不端的孩子。
5. A。本段中作者列举了父母存在的两个问题，本空所在句是问题之一。
6. C。很难完全放弃体罚是父母体罚孩子的重要原因之一。其他选项是父母不体罚孩子的原因，因此可以排除。
7. B。空后的内容是他们所争辩的。A，D有一定的干扰性，suspect怀疑，deny否认。他们争论自己就是这样长大的，因此这是他们体罚孩子的理由。
8. A。联系空后的it didn’t do any harm to them可知，他们也是在父母的
棍棒下长大的。bring up在这里的意思是“抚养成人”，take sb. in意思是“欺骗某人”。
9. C。他们辩论说，他们体罚孩子是为了孩子着想。for sb.’s sake意思是“为某人着想”。
10. B。联系后文可知，他们觉得教育孩子可以用自己认为合适的任何方式，包括体罚。
11. D。联系空前的quick以及后文的“与孩子理论没有多少意义”可知，他们认为体罚是最快、最有效的办法。
12. B。四个选项中，screaming更符合misbehavior。其他都不能构成父母体罚孩子的理由。
13. A。联系空后的讲述以及最后的总结In the same way，banning physical punishment...可知，作者认为应该停止使用体罚。
14. C。联系下文的They do not have enough resources...可知，他们没有接受过处理这种情况的训练。
15. A。联系空前的enough resources可知，他们没有多少可以选择的办法。
16. D。联系空后的by hitting the child可知，打孩子是他们对于孩子不端行为的反应。
17. B。联系空后的they may keep following 18 (negative) habits可知，如果他们不被强制改变自己的认识，他们将继续使用这个消极的习惯。
18. C。空后的habits指“对于孩子的不端行为父母采取体罚的习惯”，因此是消极的。
19. B。空前后是现在与过去的比较，前后为转折关系。
20. A。联系空前的banning physical punishment可知，禁止体罚将强迫家长改变自己的习惯。
三、阅读理解
1. B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的he studied mathematics under the well-known teacher可知，在这所大学的时候William Henry Bragg还是学生。
2. A。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句This was recognized by the award of the Nobel Prize...及上下文内容可知，Bragg和他的儿子用X光成功地发现了晶体的结构。这正是他被授予诺贝尔奖的原因。
3. C。细节理解题。根据文中第一段提到的he studied mathematics under the well-known teacher, Dr. E. J. Routh. He studied physics...等信息以及文章最后一段中提到的His favorite hobby was golf可知，William Henry Bragg对数学、物理和体育有一定的兴趣。
4. A。细节理解题。从第一段最后一句话可得出A项为正确答案。
5. A。主旨大意题。从全义看，文章主要介绍了William Henry Bragg富有成果的一生。A项和文章相符。
B篇：本文主要告诉我们几个国家有趣的交通法规。
6. A。细节题，根据文章Russia部分的 it’s illegal to wash your car by hand in public places — forcing you to take it to one of the few car wash facilities可知选A。
7.C。细节题。根据文章Cyprs部分的The law states a driver can be fined if the person “is in an irregular position inside the car or raises his hand from the steering wheel unnecessarily可知选C。
8. B。细节题。根据文章Japan部分的The country is also strict with its DUI(酒驾) laws — riding with or lending your car to a driver who gets caught drinking and driving can lead to a fine costing thousands of dollars可知B正确。
9. D。推测题。A. a law document法律文件；B. a fashion magazine服装杂志； C. an international newspaper国际报纸；D. a column on interesting cultures有趣的文化专栏。通读全文，我们可知各国的有趣的交通规则。故判断选D。
四、“七选五”新题型
71. D。根据下文问答形式可以看出，选项D为正确答案。
72. B。根据上文意义，选项填到此空处可以与上文形成排比句式。
73. G。从空后的“A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day.”这句话中可以找出正确答案为选项G。
74. A。从与上文的关系空后的“A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides(自杀) than any other bridge in the area---until it was repainted green.” 这句话中可以找到正确答案选项G。
75. E。从下文意义可以很容易地推断出E为最佳选项。
五、书面表达
Dear Jianhua,
I’m very glad to receive the letter you sent me two weeks ago. I’ve been thinking about the question you asked me. In my opinion, you should come back after you finish your studies abroad. For one reason, what you are studying is badly needed nowadays in China. It will be quite easy for you to find a good job. In fact, I know a few big companies in our city are hoping to hire people like you. For another reason, I think it will be much more convenient for you to look after your parents as they are getting old. Therefore, I think it’s a good idea for you to return. So what are you waiting for?
Best wishes,
Minghua
真题再现
1. （2019安徽模拟）Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon______ school education depends.
A. it B. that C. whose D. which
2. （2019陕西模拟）As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time _______ he should be able to be independent.
A. which B. where C. whom D. when
3. （2019浙江模拟）Creating an atmosphere _______ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
A. as B. whose C. in which D. at which
4.（2019天津模拟）The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees enjoy their work.
A. where B. which C. when D. who
5. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _____ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
A. which B. where C. what D. who
6. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of ______ uses it somewhat differently.
A. which B. what C. them D. those
7. Children who are not active or _____ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
A. what B. whose C. which D. that
1.D。本题考查的定语从句的用法，upon which的用法，句意为：一些专家认为，阅读是一些学校教育依赖的重要的技能。
2. D。考查定语从句，先行词the time,定语从句缺少时间状语，用关系副词when。
3. C。句意：创造一种雇员感觉是其中一员的氛围是一个大的挑战。这是一个定语从句，in the atmosphere“在氛围中”是一个固定搭配，因此选用in which。此外也可以是where。
4. A。句意：公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，其员工喜欢他们的工作。句中先行词为atmosphere，抽象的地点名词，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。故选A。
5. A。句意：她具有给学生营造一种允许他们自由交流的氛围的天赋。分析句子结构可知，定语从句“_____ allows them to communicate freely with each other”修饰先行词atmosphere，将先行词代入从句后为：The atmosphere allows them to communicate freely with each other，由此可知先行词在定语从句中作主语，而且指代物，所以需用关系代词which，故正确答案为A项。
6. A。句意：英语是一种被几种不同文化共有的语言，每种文化使用英语多少有些不同。本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为cultures，将先行词代入定语从句后为：Each of the cultures uses it somewhat differently，由此可见先行词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，且of被提前，故答案为A项。what不能引导定语从句，故被排除；如选C项，需在each of前加并列连词。
7. B。句意：那些不是很活跃，或者饮食中热量太高的孩子会很快长胖。先行词为children。
or连接两个并列的定语从句，第一个定语从句的关系词为who，第二个关系词为考查点，先行词children在第二个定语从句中与从句中的主语diet形成所属关系：children’s diet，故选择B项。
知识讲解
定义及分类
定语由一个句子来充当，那么这个句子就叫做定语从句。
The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other.其中划线部分为定语从句。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，此外还有间隔性定语从句。
This is the school (that/which) we visited last year. （限制性定语从句）
The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect. （非限制性定语从句）
The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.（间隔性定语从句）
定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：（限制性）定语从句无逗号隔开、不可缺少、起修饰限制作用，而非限制性定语从句有逗号隔开、可有可无、起补充说明作用。
构成：定语从句由先行词、关系词和从句构成。先行词是定语从句所修饰限制的名词或代词。关系词是用来引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词。
The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other.
此句中先行词为：narrow streets and small houses,关系词为：that，定语从句为：that are built close to each other
关系代词的选择
限制性定语从句的关系代词有that（人、物），which（物），who(m)（人），whose（人、物），as。
注：关系副词一般都可变为“介词+关系代词”结构（即：关系副词=介词+关系代词）。
This is the mountain village where (=in which) I stayed last month.
关系词的选择：在主句完整的情况下，当定语从句主语、宾语或表语成分不完整时，用关系代词引导；当定语从句主语、宾语或表语成分完整时，用关系副词引导。
This is the school that we visited.
(从句宾语缺失，visit为及物动词，需要补充宾语，选用关系代词)
This is the school where we study.
(从句部分没有宾语，但是由于study在此是不及物动词，不接宾语)
指人或物时，关系词只用that的情况。
当先行词为不定代词（all、much, little, few, some, any, none, one, something, anything, everything等）或先行词被不定形容词（all, many, some, few, little等）修饰时。
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?
当先行词既有人又有物时。
Do you know the things and persons that you are talking about?
当先行词含有序数词或最高级时。
This bus is the first that will go to Beijing.
This is the best movie that I have ever seen.
当先行词被only, very, next, last等修饰时。
This is the very book that I’m looking for.
在who或which引导的特殊疑问句中。
Which is the bike that you lost?
当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
Zhengzhou is no longer the city that it used to be.
指事或物时，关系词只用which的情况。
引导非限制性定语从句时。
He turned to be a very successful man, which was more than we expected.
当“介词+关系代词”结构引导定语从句时。
This is the question about which they have so much discussion in the past few weeks.
当先行词为that时，关系词只用which且不可省略。
The clock is that which tells the time.
当关系代词后有插入成分时。
Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, which, of course, made all the others upset.
当句子中有两个定语从句时，避免关系词重复。
They secretly built a factory which produced things that could produce pollution.
as用于限制性定语从句的情况
as常用于固定搭配中：the same. . . as，such…as，as/so…as。
He bought such a book as I have.（as作宾语）
He is not the same man as he was.
Beijing is such a city as everyone likes to visit.
由whose引导的定语从句?
关系代词whose是who的所有格，在从句中作定语，既可指人，又可指物。
This is the boy whose parents died last year. （whose作定语，指人）?
注：“whose+名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语，又能作宾语。whose的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”。 ?
They came to a house whose back wall had broken down. (= the back wall of which)
He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. (= whose name)
关系副词的用法?
when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有time，day，morning，night，week，year等。
I still remember the time when I first became a college student.?
Do you know the date when Lincoln was born?
where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有place，spot，street，house，room，city，town，country等。
This is the hotel where they are staying.
I forget the house where the Smiths lived.
注：where有时也可以省略
This is the place (where) we met yesterday.
why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。
That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.
使用关系副词应注意下列几点：?
1. 这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构：?
when = on (in, at, during...)+ which;?
where = in (at，on...)+which;?
why = for which. ?
I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived.?
The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor.?
This is the chief reason why (=for which)we did it.
2. 当先行词是表时间的time，day等和表地点的place，house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that；缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where。
I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.?
I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.?
3. when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why 只能引导限制性定语从句。?
when 和where的特殊含义
有时先行词不是day, time, room, place等明确的表示时间、地点的名词，而是occasion, age, case, point, chair, business, situation, stage, condition等，定语从句也要用when, where来引导。例如：
We are living in an age when many things are done on computer.
If a shop has chairs where women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.
the way后的定语从句
The way in which he answered the question was surprising.
The way that he answered the question was surprising.
The way he answered the question was surprising.
注意比较下面的句子：
The way (that/which) he explained to us was quite simple.
The way (that/ in which) he explained it to us was not difficult to understand.
that，which，whom在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。
This is the book (which) you were looking for yesterday.
I don’t like the novel (that) you are reading.
定语从句的主谓一致
定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句的人称、数与先行词一致。如：?
Those who are in their forties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon.?
（先行词those是复数，关系代词who也就看作是复数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了复数形式are）?
This is the magazine which was sent to me by post. （先行词the magazine是单数，关系代词which也就看作是单数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了单数形式was sent）?
“介词+关系代词”结构
1. 看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配
Do you like the book on which she spent $10?
2. 看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配
Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which I’m sure?
3. 根据介词与先行词搭配
1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.
4. “动词+介词”构成的固定短语中的介词不可以提前
Is this the watch that you are looking for?
The old man whom I am looking after is better.
先行词与介词的习惯搭配
当先行词表示“领域、方面”时，如aspect，respect，area，field等，用in which。
当先行词表示“价格、利率、速度”时，如rate，price，speed等，用at which。
当先行词表示“程度”时，如degree，extent等，用 to which。
当先行词表示“根据、依据、基础”时，如grounds，foundation，basis等，用on which。
两组易混结构的辨别
1. the same...that与the same...as引导的定语从句在意义上的区别：前者修饰的名词与原物是同一个东西；而后者修饰的是与先行词同类型的另一样东西。
This is the same bag that I lost yesterday． (同一个书包)
This is the same bag as I lost yesterday． (同类型的另一个)
2. such/so...as...和such /so...that...结构不同，as引导定语从句，而that引导状语从句。
They talked in such simple English as children could understand．
(定语从句，as代替先行词simple English作understand的宾语。)
He shut the window with such a force that the glass broke．
(结果状语从句，that引导的从句表示用力关窗导致的结果。)
定语从句与其他从句的辨别
定语从句与同位语从句的区别
定语从句与同位语从句的区别主要是看连接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的是定语从句，不作成分而只是表示前面名词的具体内容的则是同位语从句。
He makes a promise that if he Call get the job，he will work hard to make as much money as he can for the company． (that引导的同位语从句是对先行词a promise的进一步解释和说明)
Mike’s parents made a special promise to Tom that surprised Tom． (that引导的定语从句是对先行词promise的修饰和限制)
定语从句与强调句的区别
定语从句和强调句的判断方法：若将句中的“It is/was…that/who”去掉，而句子不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强调句。
It was in 1998 that the flood destroyed many houses in Jiangxi．
(判断方法：如果去掉it was和that，剩下in 1998 the flood destroyed many houses in Jiangxi，句子结构完整，可判定原句为强调句)
定语从句与状语从句的区别
定语从句在句子中作定语，修饰名词、代词或句子；并且，这个被修饰的名词、代词或句子称为先行词，通常放在定语从句之前。状语从句在句子中作状语，修饰动词；通常不同的状语从句有不同的连词，位置较灵活，通常放在句首或句末，有时也放在句中。
Let’s have a short meeting where we met last time．
(Where we met last time是地点状语从句，在句中作地点状语，表示开会的地方)
This is the place where we had a meeting last time．
(Where we had a meeting last time是定语从句，在句中作定语修饰the place)
定语从句与并列结构的区别
区分办法主要看前后句之间是否有and、but等并列连词或分号等的存在，若有，则为并列句；如果只有逗号，且逗号后的内容是对前面某一名词的补充说明，则为非限定性定语从句。试比较：
He has two sons, neither of whom looks like him.
He has two sons, and neither of them looks like him.
分离型定语从句
分离型定语从句，主要指的是定语从句与它所修饰的先行词之间被其他词隔开的情形。分离型定语从句主要有以下两种类型：
1. 先行词与定语从句被状语隔开。
He found the dictionary there he was looking for. 他在那儿找到了他在找的词典。
I saw something in the paper which might interest you. 我在报上看到一样可能使你感兴趣的东西。
2. 将定语从句置于句末。如：
Something was going to happen that was to change the world. 当时有件事就要发生，这件事将改变世界的面貌。
A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German. 明天要来一位新的老师教你们德语了。
The day will come when we will all have robots. 人人都有机器人的时代，总有一天会来临的。
注意，分离定语从句的使用主要是出于平衡句子结构或强调的原因，并且使用这类结构必须以句子不至于产生歧义为前提，否则就不要使用这类句子。 ：
The man hid the weapon in the cave which his son found.
这个句子是有歧义的：如果认为定语从句which his son found是修饰the cave，则句子意思为：他把武器藏在他妻子发现的岩洞里。如果认为定语从句which his son found是修饰the weapon（属分离修饰），则句子意思为：他把儿子发现的武器藏在岩洞里。
巩固练习：
一、单项选择（河北昌黎一中）
1. We should learn from those _______ are always ready to help others.
A. who B. whom C. they D. that
2 .Tom is the only one of the students who___ to Shanghai.
A. have gone B. have been C. has been D. had gone
3. All the apples ______fell down from the tree were eaten up by the pigs.
A. which B. / C. that D. they
4. I can tell you ______ he told me last week.
A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all that
5. It is the third time ______ late this month.
A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that you’ve arrived D. when you’ve arrived
6. This is the very place ______ I’m wishing to live in.
A. where B. which C. that D. in which
7. I have bought the same dress ______ she is wearing.
A. as B. that C. which D. than
8. The reason _____ he didn’t come was _____ he was injured.
A. that, because B. why, that C. why, because D. that, that
9. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ______ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
10. When they met again, the two friends talked about lots of things and persons _____we could remember in the school.
A. who B. whom C. that D. which
二、完形填空
There have been big changes in the attitudes of most parents over the last few years. Physical punishment is 1 in schools in most countries, and in many countries, even at home. 2 , many parents still believe that they have the 3 to use some physical punishments to deal with certain 4 at certain ages.
It is easy to find reasons to allow some physical punishments. One 5 is that many parents find it very difficult to 6 physical punishment completely. Parents 7 that this was the way they were 8 and that it didn’t do any harm to them. They believe that for the child’s 9 they have the right to discipline the child in any way they see 10 , including using some physical punishments. The other one is that physical punishment can be quick and 11 . There is not much point reasoning with a 12 child in the supermarket.
However, there are several reasons why we should 13 using physical punishment. One point is that most parents are not 14 to deal with misbehaving children. They do not have enough resources or 15 to handle the situation. As a result, they immediately 16 by hitting the child, even if there are other solutions to the problem. Another point is that 17 people are challenged or forced to change their belief, they may keep following 18 habits. An example is seat belts use——now most people wear seat belts without thinking, 19 years ago the idea of using seat belts was strange to most people. In the same way, banning physical punishment will 20 people to change the habits.
In conclusion, parents have to change some of their belief and ideas about how children should he raise.
1. A. allowed B. banned C. considered D. accepted
2. A. Then B. Therefore C. However D. Instead
3. A. privilege B. opportunity C. wish D. hobby
4. A. disobedience B. actions C. movements D. misbehaviors
5. A. issue B. way C. opinion D. measure
6. A. adopt B. choose C. abandon D. permit
7. A. suspect B. argue C. suggest D. deny
8. A. brought up B. dealt with C. taken in D. looked upon
9. A. safety B. growth C. sake D. interest
10. A. handy B. fit C. cruel D. kind
11. A. easy B. smart C. active D. effective
12. A. running B. screaming C. weeping D. studying
13. A. stop B. begin C. remember D. forget
14. A. forced B. advised C. trained D. encouraged
15. A. choices B. materials C. tools D. education
16. A. hesitate B. awake C. stand D. react
17. A. once B. unless C. until D. if
18. A. positive B. usual C. negative D. early
19. A. so B. whereas C. and D. or
20. A. force B. inspire C. forbid D. disappoint
三、阅读理解
A篇
William Henry Bragg was born at Westward, Cumberland, on July 2, 1862. He was educated at Market Harborough Grammar School and afterwards at King William’s College. Isle of Man. Elected a minor scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1881, he studied mathematics under the well-known teacher, Dr. E. J. Routh. He studied physics in the Cavendish Laboratory during a part of 1885, and at the end of that year was elected to the Professorship of Mathematics and Physics in the University of Adelaide, South Australia.
His research interests dealt with a great many fields and he was skilled at picking up a subject, almost casually, making an important contribution, and then dropping it again. However, the work of Bragg and his son Lawrence in 1913-1914 founded a new branch of science of the greatest importance and significance, the analysis of the crystal(晶体) structure by means of X-rays. It is true that the use of X-rays as an instrument for the systematic revelation of the way in which crystals are built was entirely due to the Braggs. This was recognized by the award of the Nobel Prize jointly to father and son in 1915.
He was an honorary Doctor of some sixteen universities, and a member of the leading foreign societies. Many other medals and awards were bestowed upon him among which may be mentioned the Rumford Medal in 1916 and the Copley Medal (its premier award) in 1930.
He was the author of many books, including Studies in Radio-activity, X-Rays and Crystal Structure, The World of Sound, Concerning the Nature of Things, Old Trades and New Knowledge, An Introduction to Crystal Analysis, and The Universe of Light. His favorite hobby was golf. After a life of astonishing productiveness, Sir William Bragg died on March 10, 1942.
1. In Trinity College William Henry Bragg was ________.
A. a professor B. a student C. a worker D. a doctor
2. William Henry Bragg was awarded the Nobel Prize because ________.
A. he succeeded in using X-rays to find out the crystal structure
B. he was the first to use X-rays to help to do his experiment
C. he was determined to learn everything well and then gave them up
D. he was successful in his research work with the help of his son
3. According to this passage, William Henry Bragg was interested in all the subjects EXCEPT ________.
A. mathematics B. physics C. medicine D. sports
4. Which one of the following is right according to this passage?
A. Bragg became the professor of the University of Adelaide in 1885.
B. Bragg won the Rumford Medal and the Copley Medal in the same year.
C. Bragg gained great achievements in many fields, including society.
D. Bragg and Lawrence wrote the book X-Rays and Crystal Structure.
5. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A. William Henry Bragg’s Productive Life
B. William Henry Bragg：a Famous Author
C. Bragg and His Son—Two Great Scientists
D. X-rays and the Crystal Structure
B篇(2019届江西省八所重点中学高三联考)
There are some strange driving laws in different countries.
Countries Laws
Vietnam If you’re in Vietnam without a Vietnamese driver’s license, you risk a prison sentence of up to three years.
Russia In Moscow, if your car is dirty enough to draw dust art, you will be fined about 2,000 rubles (about US $55). Worse yet, it’s illegal to wash your car by hand in public places — forcing you to take it to one of the few car wash facilities.
Thailand Drivers —male or female — can’t drive shirtless, whether it’s a car, a bus, or a tuk-tuk cab.
France France requires its drivers to carry a portable breathalyzer(酒精测量仪) at all times when driving a car. The one-time breathalyzer cost around US$5, and if you don’t have one, you will be fined US$15.
Cyprus Raising your hands in the car can get you fined of US$35. The law states a driver can be fined if the person “is in an irregular position inside the car or raises his hand from the steering wheel unnecessarily.
Japan Politeness isn’t just the culture in Japan; it’s part of driving laws. Splashing a person by driving through a puddle(水坑) with your car will cost you over US$60. The country is also strict with its DUI(酒驾) laws — riding with or lending your car to a driver who gets caught drinking and driving can lead to a fine costing thousands of dollars.
6. Where should you go to wash your car when you are in Moscow?
A. The car wash facilities. B. Any public place
C. Your home D. The forest
7. What can get you fined for in Cyprus?
A. Forgetting to carry a portable breathalyzer.
B. Not having a Cyprus driver’s license.
C. Putting your hands above your head when you are driving.
D. Driving without a shirt.
8. If you are fined thousands of dollars in Japan, you may have been ____.
A. in an irregular position in your car
B. sitting in a car with a drunk driver
C. splashing a person with mud
D. impolite to other drivers
9. This text can most likely be found in _______.
A. a law document B. a fashion magazine
C. an international newspaper D. a column on interesting cultures
四、“七选五”新题型
What is your favorite colour? Do you like yellow, orange, and red? 1 . Do you prefer greys and blues? Then you are probably quiet, shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know, because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colour preference, as well as the effect that colours have on human beings. 2 . If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.
3 . A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. 4 . A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides(自杀) than any other bridge in the area—until it was repainted green. The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply. Perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue.
5 . It is an established fact that factory workers work better, harder, and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.
A. On the other hand, black is depressing.
B. They tell us, among other facts, that we do not choose our favorite colour as grow up—we are born with our preference.
C. The rooms are painted in different colours as you like.
D. If you do, you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement.
E. Light and bright colours make people not only happier but more active.
F. Life is like a picture or a poem, full of different colours.
G. Colours do influence our moods—there is no doubt about it
五、书面表达
假设你堂兄建华在国外学习，你们经常用英文通信。他即将完成学业，不久前来信就是否回国工作征求你的意见。请根据下列提示回信：
1．建议他回国；
2．你的理由是：学有所用，就业容易；照顾父母。
注意；1．词数120左右。
2．行文应连贯，内容应完整。
答案与解析
一、单项选择
1. A。先行词是those，指人，并且定语从句部分缺主语，选who.
2. C。本题考查定语从句的主谓一致问题。先行词students被the only one修饰，算单数，因此who指代单数，谓语用单数。D项时态不对。
3. C。先行词apples被不定代词all修饰，只用that。
4. D。题干空白处不但缺关系词，也缺先行词。此处的先行词为all，关系代词that在从句做宾语（tell带双宾语），可以省略，因此all that或者all都可以接受。
5. C。It be …times 后面固定接that引导的定语从句，并且这个句型常带完成时态的从句。
6. C。定语从句部分in缺宾语，选关系代词，又由先行词被the very 修饰，只用that。
7. A。题干中含有the same结构，可以用the same…as和the same that结构，the same as 强调的是类型的相同；the same that 强调的是物体本身的相同。
8. B。why代替the reason在定语从句中作原因状语；第二空that引导表语从句。
9. D。从句部分turn to sb for help是固定搭配，把to提前到关系代词前。
10. C。先行词既有人又有物，关系代词用that, that作从句remember的宾语。
二、完形填空
1. B。联系后文的in schools in most countries, and in many countries, even at home以及接下来的转折可知，体罚在许多学校，甚至家庭都是禁止的。
2. C。联系空后的still believe that they have the 3 (privilege)to use some physical punishments ...可知，尽管体罚已经禁止，但是很多家长认为他们有特权去体罚自己的孩子，因此前后为转折关系。
3. A。联系空后的to use florae physical punishments再结合生活实际可知。很多家长认为自己有特权去体罚孩子。
4. D。联系空前的use some physical punishments可知，这些家长利用体罚处理孩子不当的行为。A有一定的干扰性，disobedience意思是“不服从”，而联系下文中to deal with misbehaving children可知，他们体罚行为不端的孩子。
5. A。本段中作者列举了父母存在的两个问题，本空所在句是问题之一。
6. C。很难完全放弃体罚是父母体罚孩子的重要原因之一。其他选项是父母不体罚孩子的原因，因此可以排除。
7. B。空后的内容是他们所争辩的。A，D有一定的干扰性，suspect怀疑，deny否认。他们争论自己就是这样长大的，因此这是他们体罚孩子的理由。
8. A。联系空后的it didn’t do any harm to them可知，他们也是在父母的
棍棒下长大的。bring up在这里的意思是“抚养成人”，take sb. in意思是“欺骗某人”。
9. C。他们辩论说，他们体罚孩子是为了孩子着想。for sb.’s sake意思是“为某人着想”。
10. B。联系后文可知，他们觉得教育孩子可以用自己认为合适的任何方式，包括体罚。
11. D。联系空前的quick以及后文的“与孩子理论没有多少意义”可知，他们认为体罚是最快、最有效的办法。
12. B。四个选项中，screaming更符合misbehavior。其他都不能构成父母体罚孩子的理由。
13. A。联系空后的讲述以及最后的总结In the same way，banning physical punishment...可知，作者认为应该停止使用体罚。
14. C。联系下文的They do not have enough resources...可知，他们没有接受过处理这种情况的训练。
15. A。联系空前的enough resources可知，他们没有多少可以选择的办法。
16. D。联系空后的by hitting the child可知，打孩子是他们对于孩子不端行为的反应。
17. B。联系空后的they may keep following 18 (negative) habits可知，如果他们不被强制改变自己的认识，他们将继续使用这个消极的习惯。
18. C。空后的habits指“对于孩子的不端行为父母采取体罚的习惯”，因此是消极的。
19. B。空前后是现在与过去的比较，前后为转折关系。
20. A。联系空前的banning physical punishment可知，禁止体罚将强迫家长改变自己的习惯。
三、阅读理解
1. B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的he studied mathematics under the well-known teacher可知，在这所大学的时候William Henry Bragg还是学生。
2. A。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句This was recognized by the award of the Nobel Prize...及上下文内容可知，Bragg和他的儿子用X光成功地发现了晶体的结构。这正是他被授予诺贝尔奖的原因。
3. C。细节理解题。根据文中第一段提到的he studied mathematics under the well-known teacher, Dr. E. J. Routh. He studied physics...等信息以及文章最后一段中提到的His favorite hobby was golf可知，William Henry Bragg对数学、物理和体育有一定的兴趣。
4. A。细节理解题。从第一段最后一句话可得出A项为正确答案。
5. A。主旨大意题。从全义看，文章主要介绍了William Henry Bragg富有成果的一生。A项和文章相符。
B篇：本文主要告诉我们几个国家有趣的交通法规。
6. A。细节题，根据文章Russia部分的 it’s illegal to wash your car by hand in public places — forcing you to take it to one of the few car wash facilities可知选A。
7.C。细节题。根据文章Cyprs部分的The law states a driver can be fined if the person “is in an irregular position inside the car or raises his hand from the steering wheel unnecessarily可知选C。
8. B。细节题。根据文章Japan部分的The country is also strict with its DUI(酒驾) laws — riding with or lending your car to a driver who gets caught drinking and driving can lead to a fine costing thousands of dollars可知B正确。
9. D。推测题。A. a law document法律文件；B. a fashion magazine服装杂志； C. an international newspaper国际报纸；D. a column on interesting cultures有趣的文化专栏。通读全文，我们可知各国的有趣的交通规则。故判断选D。
四、“七选五”新题型
71. D。根据下文问答形式可以看出，选项D为正确答案。
72. B。根据上文意义，选项填到此空处可以与上文形成排比句式。
73. G。从空后的“A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day.”这句话中可以找出正确答案为选项G。
74. A。从与上文的关系空后的“A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides(自杀) than any other bridge in the area---until it was repainted green.” 这句话中可以找到正确答案选项G。
75. E。从下文意义可以很容易地推断出E为最佳选项。
五、书面表达
Dear Jianhua,
I’m very glad to receive the letter you sent me two weeks ago. I’ve been thinking about the question you asked me. In my opinion, you should come back after you finish your studies abroad. For one reason, what you are studying is badly needed nowadays in China. It will be quite easy for you to find a good job. In fact, I know a few big companies in our city are hoping to hire people like you. For another reason, I think it will be much more convenient for you to look after your parents as they are getting old. Therefore, I think it’s a good idea for you to return. So what are you waiting for?
Best wishes,
Minghua