北师大版高中英语高考总复习：41总复习：省略

高考总复习：省略

真题再现
1. （2019 湖南模拟）That is why I help brighten people’s days. If you _____ , who’s to say that another person will?
A. did not B. do not C. were not D. have not
2. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if regularly, can improve our health.
A. being carried out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
3. Every evening after dinner, if not from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.
A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired
4. Some of you may have finished unit one. _____, you can go on to unit two.
A. If you may B. If you do C. If not D. If so
5. —Who should be responsible for the accident?
—The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order .
A. as told B. as are told C. as telling D. as they told
1. B。句意：那就是为什么我要改善人们的生活。如果你不（改善人们的生活），谁能说别的人愿意（改善人们的生活）呢？if引导的条件状从的主句和从句都针对上文省略了。
2. C。本句的句子的主语是the experiment；谓语动词是shows；that引导宾语从句, 宾语从句的主干事：proper amounts of exercise can improve our health, if_____ regularly是插入的条件从句, 从句的主语是proper amounts of exercise, 此时应用it代替前面提到的主语, 条件句的主语与主句的主语一致, 并且含有is, 故省略了it is, 完整形式是：if it is carried out。句意为：这项实验表明, 适当的运动, 如果有规律的进行, 能够有助于我们的身体健康。
3. C。在if引导的条件状语从句中, 从句中还原应为if I am not tired from work, 根据省略的原则, 所以答案选C。
4. D。If so = If you have done that / so你们中的一些人可能已经完成第一单元, 如果是这样的话, 你们可以继续第二单元。
5. A。此题考查状语从句的省略。as told=as they were told, 此处是as引导的方式状语从句的省略。当从句主语与主句主语一致, 且谓语动词含有be时, 将从句的主语和be省略。又因为workers与tell之间是被动关系, 排除C、D。
知识讲解
为了使讲话和行文简洁，句中某些成分有时可省略。省略可分以下几种情况：
简单句中的省略
1.省略主语：祈使句中主语通常省略。其他省略主语多限于一些现成的说法。
(I) Thank you for your help. （括号内为省略的词语,下同）
(I)See you tomorrow.
(It) Doesn’t matter.
2.省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。
(I’ll say...)A word about your composition.
(There is) No smoking.
(Is there) Anything wrong?
Why (do you) not say hello to him?
( Have you)Got a light?
3.省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to。
Jack didn’t pass the driving test，but he still hope to.
—Are you going there?
—I’d like to (go there).
He did not give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance).
注意：如果该宾语是be动词或完成时态，则须在to之后加上be或have。
—Are you an engineer? —No, but I want to be.
—He hasn’t finished the task yet. —Well, he ought to have.
4.省略表语。
—Are you thirsty? —Yes, I am (thirsty).
5.同时省略几个成分。
Let’s meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday.
—Have you finished your work?
—(I have) Not (finished my work) yet.
并列句中的省略
两个并列分句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。
My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.
I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.
The girls are very hard-working; the boys (are very hard-working) too.?
The news made some people happy, but (it made) some (other people) sad. ?
主从复合句中的省略
在含有状语从句的复合句中，若从句的主句是it或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和be。
时间状语从句：
I met her while (I was) walking on the street.
Often she would cry when (she was) alone.
Whenever (it is) possible, the children should play outside in the fresh air.
Once it was a poor island, Hainan now has become a hot tourist resort.
条件状语从句：
I won’t go there unless (I’m) invited.
I’ll go with you if (it’s) possible/necessary.
His opinion, whether (it’s) right or wrong, should be considered.
If (you are) in doubt, ask at your local library.
让步状语从句：
Though (it’s) not large, the room was well lit.
Although (he is) still young, his hair turns grey.
Things were beginning to improve, even if/though (they were) not quickly enough.
方式状语从句：
Things didn’t go as (they were) expected.
He glanced about as if (he was) in search of something.
地点状语从句：
Avoid structures of this kind wherever (it is) possible.
Fill in blanks with articles where (it is) necessary.
比较状语从句：
John plays football as well as, if not better than, David.
I’ve never heard a better voice.
He dislikes it as we.
He loved her more than ever.
I shall come along as often as possible.
其他省略
连词that的省略：
宾语从句中常省略连词that，但也有不能省略的情况（参看“名词性从句”等有关部分）。
在定语从句中，that在从句中作宾语时可省略。
引导主语从句、同位语从句、同位语从句等的连词that一般不可省略。
不定式符号to的省略
1. 并列的不定式可省去后面的to。
I told him to sit down and (to) wait for a moment.
2. 某些使役动词（如let, make, have）及感官动词（如see, watch, notice, hear, feel和listen to等）后面作宾语补足的不定式一定要省去to，但在被动语态中须把to复原。
—I saw the boy fall from the tree. —The boy was seen to fall from the tree.
3. 在can not but, can not choose but, do nothing but...， can't help but...， prefer to do rather than do ...，would do... rather than...之后的动词不定式一般不带to；but之前有实义动词do的某个形式do, does, did, done 而且其宾语是something，nothing，anything和everything等不定代词时，也不带to, 否则要带to。
The boy did nothing but play.
4. 动词不定式在like, love, care, want, hope, wish, expect, prefer, refuse, decide, mean, intend, try, promise等动词后作宾语时，为了避免重复，常承前省略不定式后的内容，但要保留不定式符号to。
—Did you get a ticket?
— No, I meant to (get one), but there weren't any left.
特别注意：want, like用在 when, if, what，as 引导的从句中，其后的to也常可省略
I've decided to do what I like.
5. 在why, why not 引导的特殊问句中后跟省略to的动词不定式。
Why talk so much about it?
Why not try it again?
if省略
连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但后面的语序有变化（参见“倒装句”有关部分）
主句与从句各有一些成分省略
The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be).
5.根据不同语境可省略不同成分。如：only if，if only
Only if he turns over a new leaf. （除非他重新做人。）
If only I could be master of this subject.
6.特殊疑问句的省略。?
Where to? =Where are you going to?
What for? ?
What do you come here for?
Why not do it? =Why don’t you do it?
How/What about (sb) doing sth.?
What’s on tonight?
What’s up?
8.命令和请求?
No talking！?
Silent, everybody!
高考常考到的省略形式
一、并列句的省略
在并列句中，如果所连接的两个句子有相同的句子成分，在不影响句意表达的情况下，通常可以省略后一成分中的相同成分，以使句子简洁。
Some came by land and some by water.
一些人从陆路来，也有一些从水路来。
二、宾语从句的省略
宾语从句的省略通常只保留引导宾语从句的连接代词或连接副词。
I have left my keys somewhere and I don’t exactly where.
三、状语从句的省略
当状语从句和主句主语相同并且从句谓语动词包含be时，通常可以省略从句的主语和动词be。这类状语从句涉及时间、条件、让步、地点、方式等状语从句。
If caught, the thief could face up to five years in prison.
If the weather is fine，we will go. If not, not.
四、主句的省略
在对话中，为了避免重复，只保留从句的内容而将整个主句省略。
“Will you go there with me?” “Yes, though my parents don’t allow me.”
五、只保留not的省略
当前后句句式相同，但第二句是第一句的否定情况时，通常只保留not。
—Do you mind my smoking here?
—Better not.
巩固练习
一、单项选择
1. ________for the rain, the construction work would have been faster.?
A. If it were not B. Were it not?
C. Had it not been D. If it hasn’t
2. The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than_______.?
A. ours ? B. those of ours? C. it had for ours? D. it did for us
3.—Mary had a wonderful time at the party.?
—_______, and so did I.?
A. So she had ? B. So had she?
C. So she did? D. So did she
4. _______ we move the couch over there. Don’t you think the room will look larger?
A. What about B. What if?
C. How far D. How come
5. John plays football_______, if not better than, David. ?
A. so well ? B. so well as? C. as well ? D. as well as
6. Are you free tonight? ______, I'd like you to meet Tom, my new friend from the States.
A. Even so B. When necessary
C. If not D. If so
7. “Sorry, sorry...,” he whispered, _____ talking to himself.
A. while B. even if C. as if D. when
8. Not a single word did he say when________ about his step-mother.
A. being asked B. asked C. asking D. was asked
9. —It looks as if a storm is coming up.
—Yes, _______.
A. it certainly does B. it certainly is
C. it looks so D. it’s coming
二、完形填空
There was once a bridge over a river. At certain times each day, a train would come along and the bridge would be turned sideways across the fiver, __1__ the train to cross it.
A switchman in a small room on one side__2__ the controls to turn the bridge and lock it into place before a train crossed it. One_3___, as he was waiting for the last train to come, he looked __4__ into the—Land caught sight of the train lights. He stepped to the controls and started to turn the bridge into__5__；however, to his horror, he found the locking control did not __6__. The bridge wobbled (摇摆) back and for¨1 at the ends. __7__ the train came onto the bridge, it would __8__ the track and fall into the fiver. That was a passenger train.
He__9__ across the bridge to the other side where there was a lever (控制杆) he could operate by hand. After that he took hold of it __10_, locking the bridge. Many __11__ depended on his strength.
Then, coming across the bridge, he heard a sound, making his blood run __12__. “Daddy, where are you?” His four-year-old son was crossing the bridge to __13__ him. His first thought was to cry out to him, “__14__!”But the train was too__15__；the tiny legs would never make him across the bridge in time. The man _16___ left his lever to run to carry his son to __17__.
But he took a minute to make his __18__. The train speeded safely and nobody aboard was even aware of the tiny __19__ body thrown into the river by the onrushing train. Nor were they aware of the pitiful figure of the __20__ man.
1. A. ordering B. forcing C. persuading D. allowing
2. A. gained B. released C. operated D. checked
3. A. evening B. afternoon C. morning D. dawn
4. A. direction B. distance C. side D. line
5. A. depth B. space C. bottom D. position
6. A. shake B. pause C. work D. bend
7. A. Before B. If C. Although D. Since
8. A. jump B. follow C. press D. produce
9. A. drove B. wandered C. hurried D. climbed
10. A. politely B. bravely C. slowly D. firmly
11. A. trains B. lives C. bridges D. conductors
12. A. cold B. cool C. warm D. hot
13. A. care about B. look for C. attend to D. depend on
14. A. Stop B. Wait C. Run D. Go
15. A. heavy B. small C. long D. close
16. A. also B. almost C. quietly D. secretly
17. A. safety B. health C. pleasure D. comfort
18. A. appointment B. will C. decision D. attempt
19. A. sick B. strong C. weakened D. broken
20. A. crying B. complaining C. dying D. struggling

三、阅读理解
（2019届江苏省南通市高三第二次调研测试）
In a unique research cooperation between Stratasys, Education, R&D departments and MIT’s Self-Assembly Lab, a new process is being developed, known as 4D Printing.
The 4D printing concept, which allows materials to “self-assemble (自行组装)” into 3D structures, was initially proposed by Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty member Skylar Tibbits. Tibbits and his team combined a strand (缕) of plastic with a layer made out of “smart” material that could self-assemble in water. They advanced this concept by creating materials that can change into several different complicated shapes, though this kind of material remains the bottleneck of 4D technology.
To many people that are just starting to get used to the idea of 3D printers, the name 4D is causing confusion because they cannot understand where this fourth “dimension” coming from. 4D technology shares many of the same principles of 3D printing and is essentially still about creating a new, 3D structure out of certain component; however, Tibbits states the fourth dimension at work here comes from concept of the fourth dimension of time. The difference between these 3D and 4D creations is that these new forms have the ability to transform and adapt over time.
4D printing works through self-assembly — a system where “disordered elements form an “ordered” structure via an interaction. With these 4D printed materials, these disordered materials are strands or sheets of specially designed materials. Environmental changes then stimulate (刺激）a response from them so that they form a preprogrammed shape.
The idea of having adaptable technology that only relies on energy and non-human interactions raises some interesting questions about where 4D printing can be used and the practical applications in dangerous environments. This could mean improved infrastructures in extreme conditions, leading to a reduced need for workers to put themselves at risk, but the potential goes even further than that. The technology promises exciting new possibilities for a variety of applications. A solar panel or similar product could be produced in a flat shape onto which functional devices can be easily installed. It could then be changed to a compact shape for packing and shipping. After arriving at its destination, the product could be stimulated to form a different shape that serves its fun_ction. Also it could be used to build furniture, bikes, cars and even buildings. As with many of the ideas being put forward, it is easy to go a step too far into the extreme, but this just shows the potential of 4D in comparison to 3D.
The next stage for the research is to move from printing single strands to sheets and eventually whole structures. And water need not be the process’s only energy source.
1. Which of the following displays the fourth dimension of 4D printing?
A. 4D printing creates a new, 3D structure out of certain component.
B. 4D technology reduces need for workers to put themselves at risk.
C. 4D technology can be used in many more fields than 3D printing.
D. 4D printed materials reshape themselves with conditions changing.
2. The major problem concerning the development of 4D printing lies in__________.
A. producing essential 4D printers
B. creating proper smart materials
C. providing a suitable environment
D. promoting practical applications
3. What does the passage lead you to believe?
A. 4D printing will take the place of 3D printing in the near future.
B. Most aspects of our daily life can be affected by 4D printing.
C. 4D printing will benefit humans by saving labor somehow.
D. Smart materials can be transformed into other types of material.
4. It can be inferred from the passage that__________.
A. electricity is not used in 4D technology
B. 4D printing has been applied in industry
C. more potential of 4D is to be discovered
四、短文改错
(2019 山东省德州一中高三1月月考)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
注意：
1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Trying to come to a decision complete on your own can be risky．Some decisions are so important that they shouldn’t made without talking to others first．There have several advantages if you consult the persons you trust．For one thing，they can give you valuable advice and they may point out some things you may have been overlooked．For another，friends may stop you from make big mistakes．
When consulting others about importance decisions，you should keep two things in mind．The first one is that you need to find someone whom you respected enough to trust their judgment．The second thing to consider is how to do if you disagree with this person．Maybe turning to a third or fourth person for help is the best option．In a word，making any big decision alone can lead in problems．Talking to friends or family members first are always a good idea．
五、书面表达
(2019届重庆一中高三一诊模拟考试)假定你是李华，请用英文写份申请，愿作“志愿家庭”接待来你市参观的美国中学生代表，内容包：
1. 自我介绍；
2. 家庭条件及个人优势；
3. 安排美国朋友参加的活动。
注意：1.词数不少于80，开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
2.可适当增加细节，以是行文连贯。
Dear Sir,
_I sincerely hope that my family can have the honor to be a host family._
____________________________________________________________________________________
In a word, I’m eager to provide an impressive trip for the foreign visitors. Hope you can take my application into consideration.
Yours,
Li Hua

答案与解析
一、单项选择
1. C。省略if时，虚拟条件从句要倒装。
2. D。这句话也可以省略为the purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than for us.其中had是has的过去式。
3. C。So she did 是省略加强调。原句应该是She did have a wonderful time.她的确玩得很开心。
4. B。What if在这里相当于是What will the room look like if we move the couch的省略句。what about 后面要用动名词；how come怎么会。
5. D。省略句。John plays football as well as (David), if not better than David.
6. D。If so.意思是：如果这样的话。这里so替代的是上文的：you are free。
7. C。考查省略句式中连词的用法，as if表示“好像”。句意为：他低声地说，“对不起，对不起……”，好像在自言自语。
8. B。空格处补全应该为“when he was asked about his step-mother”，状语从句省略时应该省略从句的主语和be动词。
9. A。句意： —看起来暴风雨要来了。 —是的，确实如此。用does代替looks.
二、完形填空
1. D。联系空前的sideways以及空后的the train to cross it可知，这是一座活动桥。每当火车到来时，桥就得固定住以便让火车通过。
2. C。联系空后的the controls可知，在桥头小屋里的扳道工操作操纵装置来把桥固定住。
3. A。由本空后last以及本句末train lights推断：有一天晚上，他等待着最后一列火车通过。
4. B。联系空后的caught sight of the train lights可知，他向远处望去，看到了火车的灯光。
5. D。从空前的started to turn the bridge可知，他走到操纵装置那里，开始把桥固定在特定的位置。
6. C。从下文The bridge wobbled back and forth at the ends可知，是锁定装置竟然不运转了。
7. B。结合整句可知，the train came onto the bridge是条件。如果这时火车从桥上通过的话，它就会脱轨掉进河里。
8. A。联系空后的and fall into the river可知，火车会脱轨。
9. C。联系空后的to the other side where there was a lever(控制杠)he could operate by hand可知，看到锁定装置失灵了，他马上向桥那头跑去。
l0. D。然后，他用双手牢牢地握住控制杆以便把桥固定住。
11. B。根据上文passenger train得出：这是一列客车，所以许多乘客的生命就要靠他双手的力量来保证。
12. A。联系下文His four-year-old son was crossing the bridge我们可以知道，此时他意识到危险的迫近。听到对面儿子的喊声后，他顿时感到毛骨悚然。
13. B。从上句中where are you推断：他四岁的儿子过来找他。
14. C。当时，他的第一反应应该是向儿子大喊：“快跑!”
15. D。但是火车太近了，他瘦小的双腿无论如何也跑不过火车。
16. B。儿子危在旦夕，他几乎都要松开控制杆冲过去把儿子抱到安全的地方了。
17. A。 联系空前的to carry his son可知，此刻他想把儿子抱到安全的地方去。
18. C。但是，他没有贸然行动，在短时间内他做出了一个重大而痛苦的决定。
19. D。联系空后的thrown into the river by the onrushing train我们可以得出答案。
20. A。 没有人注意到这个痛不欲生的父亲。
三、阅读理解
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍4D印刷术的优于3D印刷术。
1. D 细节题。根据文章第五段的Environmental changes then stimulate (刺激）a response from them so that they form a preprogrammed shape可知这种印刷材料随条件的变化而修复。
2. B 细节题。根据文章第二段的They advanced this concept by creating materials that can change into several different complicated shapes, though this kind of material remains the bottleneck of 4D technology可知4D的印刷术的发展瓶颈在于没有生产合适的纸质材料。
3.C 细节题 根据文章倒数第二段的This could mean improved infrastructures in extreme conditions, leading to a reduced need for workers to put themselves at risk, but the potential goes even further than that可知4D印刷术可节省人力。故选C。
4.A 细节题。根据文章第二段第一句话which allows materials to “self-assemble (自行组装)” into 3D structures可知4D技术不用电，故选A。
四、短文改错
第一行：complete改为completely，副词作状语修饰介词短语 on your own；
第二行：made前加be，被动语态；have改为are ，there be 句型。
第三行：无错误。
第四行：去掉been，你所忽视的一些事情，some things you may have overlooked，应当是主动。
第五行：make改为making，介词后用动名词做宾语。
第六行：importance改为important，形容词作定语，修饰名词decisions。
第七行：respected改为respect，时态错误，前面是一般现在时，根据时态一致原则，这儿应当是一般现在时。
第八行：how改为what ，what to do，do是及物动词，不定式前用关系代词做宾语。
第十行：in改为to，lead to 固定搭配，导致；are改为is，动名词作主语用单数谓语动词。
五、书面表达
Dear Sir,
I sincerely hope that my family can have the honor to be a host family.
My parents are caring and friendly. Our home is next to the city center where easy shopping access and convenient transportation are available. We can offer one separate room for the student. My good command of English makes me free to communicate with foreigners in daily life. So I believe I will be a qualified host. If given the chance, I’ll invite our guest to join in my family get-together. Besides, we can show him/her around the city, getting the student to know more about real life and culture in China.
In a word, I’m eager to provide an impressive trip for the foreign visitors. Hope you can take my application into consideration.
Yours,
Li Hua