(共51张PPT)
Unit 2 English around the world
Unit 2
English around the world
Warming up
How many languages do you speak? Which is your native language?
If we speak more than one language, in which situations do we use the language?
Discuss these questions
1. Putonghua
Mandarin Chinese
2. taizhou dialect
3. English
4. Japanese
5. …
方言
普通话
An international talk/meeting
In what situations is English used?
Doing international trade
At school
Listening to radio, watching TV…
Singing English songs.
Seeing English movies
As we all know English is very important nowadays. So we should study hard. How much do you know about the English language? Let’s do a quiz.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
It contains England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
What is the full name of the UK?
Which country’s national flag?
The U.S.A.
The U.K.
Noah Webster
Born in West Hartford, Connecticut in 1758.
He learned 26 languages to research the origins of his own country's tongue. He published the dictionary in 1828.
Who wrote the American dictionary of the English language?
“To be or not to be, this is a question” is a quotation from Hamlet which is wrote by .
William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare (1564- 1616) was a famous English writer, whose best-known works contain Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, the merchant of Venice, King Lear, etc.
How many kinds of English do you know?
American English; British English
Canadian English; Australian English
Indian English; Singapore English
………
A: Do you want to come to my apartment?
A: Wow, the bar is a nice place. We can go.
B: Your flat? I don’t think so. Can we go to the pub?
B: Great. I want a tin of Coke and some
sweets.
American? British?
A: Well, I want a can of beer and some
candies.
A: Ok. We can go and see a soccer game tomorrow.
A: Ok. Let’s go to the elevator together.
B: Hey, I like football match very much.
B: Oh, time to go home, let’s go to the lift.
What are the two main groups of English?
B.E and A.E
the USA
Canada
New Zealand
Australia
South Africa
the United Kingdom
Ireland
Can you name some countries in which English is used as an official language?
Do you know how many people use English as their native language, second language, or foreign language?
375 million
750 million
375 million
USA, UK, Canada, Australia, South Africa, Ireland, New Zealand
China and many other countries
India, Pakistan, Nigeria, Philippines
number of speakers example countries
the native language
the foreign language
the second language
Britain (UK)
America (USA)
Canada
Australia
New Zealand
South Africa
Do you know these countries?
flat
apartment
pub
bar
tin
can
sweets
candy
lift
elevator
match
game
football
soccer
Try to write down the words.
Chinese B. E A. E
公寓
酒吧
罐头
糖果
电梯
比赛
足球
Do you know the difference between B.E and A.E?
British English
American
English
spelling
pronunciation
words
colour
color
favourite
favorite
theatre
theater
centre
center
travelled
traveled
metre
meter
ask
dance
wheel
not
box
post
mail
film
movie
shop
store
I think
I guess
British English
American English
words
lift (电梯)
elevator
petrol (汽油)
gas
flat (公寓)
apartment
autumn
fall
underground(地铁)
subway
university(大学)
college
rubbish(垃圾)
garbage
dustbin(垃圾箱)
trash can
holiday
vacation
fortnight(两星期)
two weeks
center
flat
color
lift
gray
honor
grey
centre
apartment
elevator
honour
colour
Match the words that have the same meaning.
Homework
1. Reread the passage and list the reasons why English is spoken in many countries.
2. Review the words and expressions in the passage and try to use it in the sentences with context.
Unit 2
English around the world
Reading
1. With your partner, list the
countries that use English as
an official language.
Pre-reading
America, Britain, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Philippines, India
2. Which country do you think has the most English learners?
For those that speak English as their first language the USA or India must have the largest number of native speakers as they have the largest populations. For those who learn English as their first foreign language China must have the largest number as it has the largest population.
3. Look at the title of the following passage and guess what it is about. Then read it quickly and see if you are right.
1. English spoken in some other countries
2. changes of English
3. the change of English speakers
4. different kinds of Englishes
Reading
THE ROAD TO MODERN ENGLISH
1. Most English speakers in the 16th century lived in England.
2. More and more people use English as their first or 2nd language.
3. English began to be spoken in other counties in 17th century.
T
T
T
True or False
Task 1
F
4. Native English speakers can’t
understand each other because
they don’t speak the same kind
of English.
5. As English is widely used, it will
be more and more important to
have a good knowledge of English.
T
T
T
F
6. Noah Webster wrote the American Dictionary of the English Language.
7. From 1765 to 1947 English became the language for government and education in India.
8. America has the largest number
of English learners.
1. English has the most speakers ___.
A. now
B. when the British ruled many
parts of the world
C. in the time of Shakespeare
D. in the 12th century
Choose the correct answer
Task 2
A
2. Which of the following statement is
true?
A. Languages always stay the same.
B. Languages change only after wars.
C. Languages no longer change.
D. Languages change when cultures
change.
D
3. From AD 450 to 1150, English
sounded more like ___.
A. French
B. Chinese
C. German
D. Russian
C
4. When was English spoken in
Australia?
A. At the end of the 16th century.
B. Between about AD 450 and 1150.
C. In 1620.
D. Later in the 18th century.
D
5. Which country has the fastest
growing number of English
speakers in the world?
A. Australia
B. China
C. India
D. Britain
B
Task 3
Find out topic sentences of each paragraph.
Pa1: Today, more people speak English
as their first, second or foreign
language than ever before.
Pa2: Native English speakers can
understand each other even if
they don’t speak the same
kind of English.
Pa3-4: All languages change when
cultures communicate with
one another.
Pa5: English is spoken as a foreign
or second language in south
Asia/ Africa and Asia.
Read the text carefully and answer the following questions.
1. What is the clue of the passage?
2. When did people from England begin to move to other parts of the world?
Time.
In the 17th century.
Task 4
3. Why does India have a large number of English speakers?
India was ruled by Britain from 1765 to 1947. And during that time English became the language for government and education.
German
Fill in the form
Task 5
less
ruled
Shakespeare
The road to modern English
AD 450-1150 English was based more on _______.
AD 800-1150 English became _____ like German Because those who ____ England spoke first Danish and later French.
In the 1600s ____________ made use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.
America
Australia
government and education
The road to modern English
In 1620 Some British settlers moved to _______.
Later in the 18th century Some British people were taken to _________.
1765-1947 English became the language for
________________________.
English spelling
dictionary
The American Dictionary of the English Language
in South Asia
The road to modern English
By the 19th century The English language was settled. Two big changes in _______________
Happened: Samuel Johnson wrote his ________ and Noah Webster wrote _____________________________
_________________
Now English is also spoken as a foreign or second language _____________.
English had the most speakers in the 17th century.
English developed when new settlers and rulers came to Britain.
Languages frequently change.
Comprehending
1 Read the passage carefully and decide whether the statements are true or false and explain why.
F
T
F
4. The language of the government is always the language of the country.
5. English is one of the official languages used in India.
6. This reading describes the development of the English language.
F
T
T
Homework
Reread the passage and list the reasons why English is spoken in many countries.
Review the words and expressions in the passage and try to use it in the sentences with context.
(共139张PPT)
Unit 2 English around the world
Unit 2
elevator
petrol
gas
official
n. 电梯; 升降机
n. 汽油
=(美) gasoline
n. 汽油; 煤气; 毒气
adj. 官方的; 正式的
Let’s do a small quiz about
national flags of different
countries, and find out the
languages spoken in these
countries.
Great Britain
Australia
New Zealand
Canada
India
Ireland
The U.S.A.
Singapore
English-speaking countries
in the world
Do you know that there is more
than one kind of English? In some
important ways they are every
different from one another. They
are called world Englishes.
Can you understand the different kinds
of English these people are using?
Let’s go to the pictures!
Why not go by Underground?
OK. But how shall we go to the movies?
Er, but the subway station is far away.
There are many varieties (分类) of
English around the world such as：
Canadian English
British English
American English
Australian English
Indian English
Varieties of English
British English
American English
&
What are the differences between American English and British English?
When you hear two native speakers of
English, they may still not speak the same
kind of English.
What? Do you mean this autumn?
Do you have any plan this fall?
fall
autumn
Fill in the table below.
apartment
petrol
underground
college
rubbish
vacation
elevator
Chinese BrE AmE
秋天 autumn fall
公寓 flat
汽油 gas, gasoline
电梯 lift
地铁 subway
大学 university
垃圾 garbage
假期 holiday
Jack is a British boy. He went to America for a trip in this summer vacation. The first day he went to a restaurant and looked around for a toilet. When he asked the waitress, she told him it is on the second floor. Jack went up two floors only to find empty rooms.
Situation discussion
Where is the toilet?
British English
the ground floor
the first floor
the second floor
the third floor
the first floor
the second floor
the third floor
the forth floor
American English
When you write in English, they may
not have the same spelling.
N-E-I-G-H-B-O-U-R, neighbour.
Can you tell me how to spell the word “neighbor”?
neighbour
neighbor
Fill in the table below.
labour
color
humour
favorite
theatre
kilometer
Chinese BrE AmE
邻居 neighbour neighbor
劳动 labor
颜色 colour
幽默 humor
最喜爱的 favourite
剧院 theater
千米 kilometre
BrE
AmE
spelling
pronunci
-ation
colour
color
travelled
traveled
dance; can’t; neither; either;
vocabulary
autumn
fall
film
movie
shop
store
BrE & AmE
Main differences
Little Girl: Hi, I’d like some sweets,
please.
Store Owner: No problem. All the candy
we sell is sweet.
Little Girl: I see, so you sell sweet sweets.
Imitation Time
sweets,
candy
Read the two dialogues below and then find the different kinds of English.
2. Jim: Let’s take the lorry for a trip
into the countryside.
Linda: Of course, I expect you to
take me!
Jim: Oh, I’m sorry, Linda, I mean
my truck.
lorry
truck.
1 With your partner, list the countries that use English as
an official language.
2 Which country do you think has the most English learners?
English Countries Explanation
Mother
tongue the UK
the U.S.A
Canada
Australia
South Africa
Ireland
New Zealand The people in these
countries are native
speakers of English.
In total, for more
than 375 million
people English is
their mother tongue.
English Countries Explanation
Second
language India
Pakistan
Nigeria
the Philippines These people speak
the language of
their own country
at home but the
language of the
government,
schools, newspapers,
and TV is English.
English Countries Explanation
Foreign
language China
Germany
France
etc. The number of
people who learn
English as a
foreign language is
more than 750
million.
A Joke
Two mice sat in their hole watching Cat
lurk(潜伏) outside. "I know how to make
Cat go away," said the first mouse. "How?"
the second mouse asked in surprise.
“Watch! Bow, wow!!!(汪汪汪)” barked the
first mouse. Peering (仔细瞧)through their
hole in the wall, they saw Cat running away
in fear.
“Ah, see the benefit(益处) of knowing
another language!"
Fun Time
Homework
Look up the new words
and expressions of the
reading in the dictionary.
2. Preview the reading:
THE ROAD TO MODERN
ENGLISH
Unit 2
English around the world
voyage
apartment
actually
base
gradually
n. 航行; 航海
n. 公寓住宅; 单元套房
adv. 实际上; 事实上
vt. 以…..为依据
n. 基部; 基地; 基础
adv. 逐渐地; 逐步地
Danish
vocabulary
spelling
identity
fluent
Singapore
Malaysia
n. 丹麦语
adj. 丹麦的; 丹麦人的
n. 词汇; 词汇量; 词表
n. 拼写; 拼法
n. 本身; 本体; 身份
adj. 流利的; 流畅的
n. 新加坡
n. 马来西亚
because of
come up
at present
make use of
such as
因为; 由于
走近; 上来; 提出
现在; 目前
利用; 使用
例如……; 像这种的
THE ROAD TO
MODERN ENGLISH
Skimming
to get
general ideas
The text mainly tells us ___________.
A. that old English is different from
the English today
B. how Middle English formed
C. English and its history
D. that English will keep changing
Skimming
Reading Comprehension I
2. The text is developed mainly by ____.
A. place B. time C. people
3. At the end of the _____ century,
about five to seven million people
spoke English.
A. 14th B. 15th C. 16th
Skimming
Careful reading
to solve
difficult points
Many beautiful fish are fast disappearing because of the severe pollution.
因为污染严重，许多美丽的鱼类正在面临绝种。
The police are advising motorists to reduce speed because of the fog.
由于有雾，警察告诫驾车者减慢速度。
1. because of 因为; 由于
(1) 走近
A young girl came up to me and asked
for money.
(2) 提出 What points came up at the meeting?
The teacher came up with a good plan for the summer vacation.
2. come up v.
We might as well make use of the hotel’s facilities.
She makes use of people she meets as raw material for her fiction.
她把她所遇见的人们作为她创作小说的素材。
3. make use of sth. 利用；使用
He is fluent in five languages.
他能流利地说五种语言。
She speaks fluent though not very
correct French.
她的法语虽然讲得不太准确, 但很流利。
He’s a fluent Russian speaker.
4. fluent ??adj. 流利的；流畅的
fluently ?adv. 流利地；流畅地 I'd like to speak English fluently.
English is widely used in
the world.
First part (Paras. 1-2)
Main ideas
Second part (Paras. 3-5)
Why has English changed
over time?
Scanning
to get
detail information
1. From AD 450 to 1150, English sounded
more like ________.
A. French B. Chinese
C. German D. Russian
2. By the ______ Shakespeare was able to
use richer vocabulary than ever before.
A. 1400’s B. 1150’s
C. 450’s D. 1600’s
Scanning
Reading Comprehension II
3. ________ has the fastest growing
number of English speakers in the world.
A. Australia B. China
C. India D. Britain
4. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Languages always stay the same.
B. Languages change only after wars.
C. Languages no longer change.
D. Languages change when cultures meet
and communicate with each other.
True or false
1 English had the most speakers in the
17th century.
2 English developed when new settlers and
rulers came to Britain.
3 Languages frequently change.
4 The language of the government is always the language of the country.
5 English is one of the official languages
used in India.
6 This reading describes the development
of the English language.
Scanning
Reading Comprehension III
Timeline of the development of English
During the 5th
century AD
AD 800-1150
1620
18th century
19th century
Scanning
Reading Comprehension IV
time Language development
based more on German
influenced by Danish and then by French; vocabulary enriched
British settlers moved to America; English spoken there
British taken to Australia; English spoken there
language settled;
spelling difference happened
Choose one of the topics below and discuss it with your partners.
Discussion
1. Why do you think people all over the world want to learn English?
As we all know, English is widely used in many fields, while Chinese is spoken by the largest number of speakers. Chinese will become an international language all over the world in the near future.
2. Why do you think more people in
the world now want to learn Chinese?
Some people say that Chinese is a
much more elegant language, so it is
more important for us to master it and it is not so necessary to master
foreign language. Do you agree with this opinion and why?
Debate
Quiz
At first, only people in________ spoke English. Later, people from England _______ to other parts, so English began
to be spoken in _____ _____ ________. Today, _______ people speak English as their _____, second or foreign language. _______ English speakers can understand
each other but not ________.
Retell the text by filling in the
blanks.
Quiz I
All languages change when ________ communicate with one another. So there are British English, American English, Australian English and so on. They all have their own ________. English is also spoken as a foreign or ______ language in many other countries. Maybe one day _______ English will become one of the world Englishes.
At first, only people in________ spoke English. Later, people from England _______ to other parts, so English began
to be spoken in _____ _____ ________. Today, _____ people speak English as
their _____, second or foreign language. ______ English speakers can understand
each other but not __________.
Answer:
England
moved
many other countries
more
first
Native
everything
All languages change when ________ communicate with one another. So there are British English, American English, Australian English and so on. They all have their own ________. English is also spoken as a foreign or ______ language in many other countries. Maybe one day _______ English will become one of the world Englishes.
cultures
identity
second
Chinese
Translation
Quiz II
世界很多人把英语作为外语来讲。
2. 学英语你就可以看美国电影、读英文
书、听英文歌曲。
Many people all over the world speak
English as their foreign language.
Studying English can enable you to
watch American movies, read English
books and listen to English songs.
3. 提高英语最好的方法是与外国人交
朋友。
4. 学英语帮助我们了解不同的人和不同的
文化。
Learning English helps us meet different
people and different cultures.
The best way to improve your English
is to make friends with foreigners.
1. — I don’t have any change with me.
Will you pay the fare for me?
— ________.
A. That’s fine B. Nothing serious
C. Never mind D. No problem
高考链接
2. The teacher asked us ____ so much noise.
A. don’t make
B. not make
C. not making
D. not to make
3. — “Could we put off the meeting?”
she asked.
— “_________,” he answered
politely. “This is the only day
everyone is available.”
A. Not likely B. Not exactly
C. Not nearly D. Not really
4. Officials say that few patients ___________with the virus owing to the effective prevention.
A. infected B. are infected C. have infected D. be infected
5. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ______ as much as we can.
A. speak B. speaking
C. spoken D. to speak
1. Find an example that shows the
difference between American
English and British English.
2. Write a short passage about your
own learning experience and
ideas about English learning.
Homework
突破思路
本单元介绍了世界各地的英语，并且主要介绍了英语是怎样经过多年以后发展到现代英语的。在授课前，老师要先了解学生对英语这一语言的了解状况，并且告诉学生世界上的英语是多种多样的。为什么是这样呢？这一问题引起了学生的好奇。进一步让学生根据自己所掌握的历史知识进行思考、讨论。学生的观点是否正确，让他们认真阅读课文。通过读课文使他们知道：在历史上移民和战争等使英语与各地文化交流并且不断发展变化而成为一种世界性语言，并且将继续发展变化。
通过学习本单元，使学生了解英语的过去、现在，并且进一步认识英语的未来，为学生学好英语奠定了一定的心理基础。
The history of the English language
The history of the English language is divided into three periods: The period from 450 to 1150 is known as the Old English. It is described as the period of full inflections（词尾变化）, since during most of this period the case endings of the noun, the adjective and the conjunction（结合）of the verbs were not weakened. Old English was a highly inflected language. It had a complete system（体系）of declensions（变格）with four cases and conjunctions. So Old English grammar differs from Modern English grammar in these aspects（方面）.
The period from 1150 is known as the Middle English period. It is known as the period of reducing inflections. This period was marked by important changes in the English language. The Norman Conquest was the cause of these changes. The change of this period had a great effect on both grammar and vocabulary. In this period many Old English words were lost, but thousands of words borrowed from French and Latin appeared in the English vocabulary. In the Middle English period grammatical gender（性）of nouns disappeared, completely replaced by the natural gender.
The modern English period extends from 1500 to the present day. The Early modern English period extends from 1500 to 1700. The chief effect of this time was great humanistic（人文主义的）movement of the Renaissance. The influence of Latin and Greek on English was great. The nineteenth and twentieth centuries are a period of rapid expansion（扩张）for the English. Vocabulary in the history of the English language.
The development of the English language in America can be separated into three periods: The first period extends from the settlement of Jamestown in 1607 to the end of colonial（殖民地的）times. In this period the population in America numbered about four million people, 90 percent of whom came from Britain. The second period covers the expansion of the original（最初的）thirteen colonies. This time may be said to close with the Civil War, about 1860. This period was marked by the arrival of the new immigrants（移民）from Ireland and Germany. The third period, since the Civil War, is marked by an important change in the source from which the European immigrants came. They came from northern and southern Europe in large numbers.
As time went on, the English language gradually changed on both sides of the Atlantic. The Americans adopted（接纳）many words from foreign languages and invented a large number of new words to meet their various needs.
American English began in the seventeenth century. At the beginning of the 17th century the English language was brought to North America by colonists from England. They used the language spoken in England, that is, Elizabethan English, the language used by Shakespeare, Milton and Banyan. At first the language stayed the same as the language used in Britain, but slowly the language began to change. Sometimes, the English spoken in America changed but sometimes the language spoken in the place stayed the same, while the language in England changed.
Following the American independence, famous persons like Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and Noah Webster began to consider that the country should have a language of its own. English in America has developed a character（特点）of its own, reflecting（反映）the life and the physical and social environment（环境）of the American people.
相关链接
Noah Webster was born on October 16, 1758, in West Hartford, Connecticut. His father was a farmer and a weaver（纺织工）by trade. At the age of sixteen, his parents let Noah go to Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut's only college.
After four years at Yale, he graduated in 1778. His great desire was to study law, but his parents could not afford to pay for additional schooling. Noah taught school in Glastonbury, Hartford and West Hartford to support himself and later studied law.
While teaching, Noah was concerned about American students. What schools were available（可用的）were often overcrowded and the teachers were often untrained. All books that were used came from England. He decided at that time to write his own textbook. He wrote A Grammatical Institute of the English Language, also called the Blue-Backed Speller because of its blue cover. The book revolutionized the American classroom and was used in school curriculums（课程）for over one hundred years. In 1789, Noah married Rebecca Greenleaf. God blessed them with eight children. The Websters lived in New Haven, Connecticut and later moved to Amherst, Massachusetts, where Noah helped to start Amherst College. Later the family moved back to New Haven.
When he was 43 years old, he started writing the first American dictionary. Noah used the Bible as the foundation for his dictionary. Often he would quote（引用）Bible verses（短句）to illustrate definitions（说明定义）. It took him over 27 years to write his book. When finished in 1828, when he was 70, Noah's dictionary had over 70000 words in it. The American Dictionary of the English language has been well used since its publication.
Webster, in addition to creating a dictionary, helped to create an American nation.
Noah Webster did many things in his life. He served as a great Christian educator, a public servant, an author. In all of these areas of his life, he made Christ the center and based all upon the Scriptures（经文）. He passed away in 1843, a true American hero.
?文化交流1 Americans Want to Learn Chinese
1．1 Read this passage and try to get the general idea of the passage. Answer the questions after reading it.
Americans Want to Learn Chinese
At a Chinese restaurant in USA, Catherine Conway—an eight-year-old girl, surprised the waiter by speaking to him in Chinese. "He was so happy. He gave me extra sweets, "she said.
While most American children don't begin to learn a new language until the middle school, Catherine began to learn Chinese in kindergarten at Potomae Elementary in Rockville, Md. This school offers Chinese as a subject.
As China has become stronger economically, it has become an important trading partner of the USA. So US business and government leaders have recently started to wonder where the future Chinese-speaking Americans will come from. These people will help increase American trade with China. It is a fact that more people speak Chinese than any other language on Earth. There are about 875 million native speakers of Chinese and only 341 million English native speakers. But only 50000 American school children study it. Chinese is going to become a very important language. But the USA is not doing as well as the Chinese in trade and it will never understand them without a large number of Chinese speakers.
In the USA, it is surprising that some schools are cutting back or getting rid of foreign languages. To encourage more students to learn Chinese the US College Board recently added Chinese to its list of approved（批准，通过）subjects for high school students. At the same time, the Chinese government has promised to pay half of the $ 1.4 million it will cost to develop courses.
"We really can't understand other people without speaking their language. "says Marty Abbott, a former president of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. "We've never had to learn other languages in America because of our geography. We're not like the Europeans who learn many different languages because they have to cross borders all the time."
The American interest in China has varied during the last ten years. Today, they're very interested in China because it entered the world Trade organization in 2001. This interest has increased and will probably be the strongest in 2008 when China organizes the Olympic Games.
1．What did the Americans think of foreign languages?
答案：They never had to learn other languages.
2．Why do you think more and more Americans speak Chinese?
答案：Because China has entered the World Trade Organization. Besides, China has become an important trading partner of the USA.
3．How are the students encouraged to study Chinese in the USA?
答案：The US College Board recently added Chinese to its list of approved subjects for high school students.
