Unit 1 A land of diversity 单元课件（127张PPT）
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| 名称 | Unit 1 A land of diversity 单元课件（127张PPT） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2019-12-15 15:18:55 | ||
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(共127张PPT)
A land of diversity
Unit 1
Section Ⅰ Warming up & Reading
Unit 1
Ⅰ.词汇过关
1．音意记忆。
(1)________(n.) 大多数；大半
(2)________(n.) 苦难；困苦
(3)____________(n.) 百分比；百分率
(4)________(n.) (人口、贸易的)繁荣
(vi.) 处于经济迅速发展时期
majority
hardship
percentage
boom
2．形意记忆。
(1)distinct (adj.)清晰的；明显的，明确的→_________(n.)差别；区分；卓著
(2)elect(vt.) 选择；决定做某事；选举某人→________(n.)选举
(3)race(n.)种族→________(adj.)人种的；种族的
distinction
election
racial
Ⅱ.短语自查
1．live on_____________________
2．by means of..._____________________
3．be forced into slavery_______________
4．gain independence from____________________
5．in addition______________
6．向……宣战_________________
7．习惯于新的生活方式、工作等______________
8．坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)______________
9．在20世纪初期________________________________
10．是……的故乡，是……的栖息地________________
继续存在；继续生存
用……办法；借助……
被迫成为奴隶
脱离……而获得独立
此外
declare war on...
make a life
keep up
at the beginning of the 20th century
become/be home to
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．________ your answers ________ other groups.
把你们的答案和其他组加以比较。
2．It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA,
___________________________________________________.
加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。
3．Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush period, ________ the building of the rail net from the west to the east coast ________ brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s.
虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始来到美国，但是更大批量的中国移民都是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。
答案：1.Compare with 2.having attracted people from all over the world 3.it was that
Ⅳ.语篇理解
Read the text CALIFORNIA and judge True or False.
1．California is the largest state in the USA and has the largest population. ( )
2．The Native Americans were treated well after the arrival of the Europeans.( )
3．Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority were religious men.( )
4．In the early 1800s，Russians began settling in California.( )
5．In 1848, before the American?Mexican war, gold was discovered in California.( )
6．During the Gold Rush Period, many achieved their dream of becoming rich.( )
7．California became the thirty?first féderal state of the United States of America in 1850.( )
8．In the late 19th century, Chinese immigrants arrived in California.( )
答案：1－5 FFTTF 6－8 FTF
1.compare (v.)
(1)～A and B|～A with/to B 比较；对比
It is interesting to compare their situation and/with ours.
把他们的状况与我们的相比很有意思。
(2)～with/to sb./sth.与……类似(或相似)
This school compares with the best in the country.
这所学校可与全国最好的学校媲美。
(3)～A to B 表明……与……相似；将……比作……
A teacher's work is often compared to a candle.
教师的工作常被比作蜡烛。
知识拓展
(1)compare notes(with sb.)(与……)交换看法(或意见等)
He is now comparing notes with his co?workers about the job.
他现在就工作问题正与同事交换意见。
(2)beyond/without/past compare 无与伦比；举世无双
She is lovely beyond compare.
她真是可爱得无与伦比。
(3)compared to/with 与……相比(在句中担任状语)
Compared with/to our parents, we are indeed very fortunate.
与我们的父辈相比，我们确实很幸运。
比较网站
compare和contrast
Compare this with that, and you will see which is better.
将这个与那个比较一下，你就会知道哪个比较好了。
Her actions contrasted sharply with her promises.
她的行动与她的诺言有天壤之别。
compare 侧重比较两个或更多东西的异同优劣，强调相同或类似之处。
contrast 指比较两个或更多东西之间的差异，侧重不同点。
活学活用
(1)Michael's new house is like a huge palace，________with his old one.
A．comparing B．compares
C．to compare D．compared
答案：D 句意：与旧房子相比，迈克尔的新房子看起来就像是一座大宫殿。compared to/with表示“与……相比”，在句中担任状语。
(2)When________prices, one has to take into consideration the quality of the goods.
A．compared B．being compared
C．comparing D．having compared
答案：C 句意：衡量价格时，也应该考虑商品的质量问题。本题考查状语从句的省略，其完整形式为：When one is comparing prices，...
2．range (n.)
(1)[C, usually sing.]～(of sth.)一系列
There is a full range of activities for children.
这里有给孩子们提供的各种活动。
(2)[C, usually sing.](变动或浮动的)范围，界限，区域
Several cars are available within this price range.
在这个价格范围内，有好几种汽车可供选购。
(3)[C&U]视觉(或听觉)范围
It came within my range of vision.
该物体进入了我的视野。
(4)[C&U] 射程；射击距离
The gun has a range of five miles.
这炮的射程为五英里。
(5)[C] 山脉
I'm lucky enough to have a chance of admiring the view of the great mountain range of the Alps.
我非常幸运能有机会欣赏雄伟的阿尔卑斯山脉景色。
知识拓展
(1)within/in range(of sth.)在可及的范围内，在视觉(或听觉)范围内
He shouted angrily at anyone within range.
他看见谁，就对谁吼叫。
(2)out of range(of sth.)超出……的范围；在视觉(或听觉)范围以外
The cat stayed well out of range of the children.
这只猫离孩子们远远的。
活学活用
(1)补全句子
——你能击中树梢上的那只鸟吗？
—Can you shoot that bird at the top of the tree?
——击不中，它在射程之外。
—No，it's________ ________ ________.
答案：out of range
(2)This restaurant has become popular for its wide________of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.
A．division B．area
C．range D．circle
答案：C 句意：这家餐厅越来越出名，因为它为各类人群提供了多元化的食物。a wide range of表示“各式各样的”。
3．illustrate (v.)
(1)～sth.(with sth.)加插图于；给(书等)作图表
This English textbook is well illustrated.
这本英语教科书有精美的插图。
(2)(用示例、图画等)说明、解释
He illustrated his point by relating his own experiences.
他用自己的经历说明了他的观点。
活学活用
(1)The teacher wrote an example on the blackboard to________the point.
A．illustrate B．suggest
C．express D．recognize
答案：A 句意：老师在黑板上写了个实例来举例说明这个要点。illustrate表示“举例说明”。
(2)The teacher________the history lesson with pictures of castles.
A．taught B．illustrated
C．showed D．addressed
答案：B 句意：教师利用城堡图画讲解历史课。illustrate sth. with/by sth.表示“用……说明、解释……”。注意，teach sb. a lesson表示“教训某人一顿”；例如：The accident taught me a lesson I'll never forget. 那次事故给我的教训永远也不能忘记。
4．distinction (n.)
(1)[C]～(between A and B) 差别；区别；对比
I can't see any distinction between these two cases.
我看不出这两个案例有什么不同。
(2)[U] 优秀；杰出；卓越
He is a writer of real distinction.
他是一位真正才智超群的作家。
(3)[U] 区分；分清；辨别
The new law makes no distinction between adults and children.
这项新法规对成人和孩子同样适用。
知识拓展
(1)draw/make a distinction between 对……加以区别
without distinction 无差别地， 一视同仁地
(2)distinct adj.截然不同的；清楚的；明白的；明显的
be distinct in...from... 在某方面与……不同
(3)distinguish v．区分；辨别；成为……的特征
be distinguished from不同于； 与……加以区别
distinguish oneself(as...)使自己与众不同； 使自己出名；使自己受人青睐
①Those two suggestions are quite distinct from each other.
这两个建议截然不同。
②There is a distinct improvement in your spoken English.
你的英语口语有明显的进步。
③What was it that distinguished her from her classmates?
是什么使得她有别于班上的其他同学？
④We should make a distinction between right and wrong.
我们应该分清是非。
⑤He is fair to us without distinction.
他对我们一视同仁，毫无区别。
⑥Silk is distinct from rayon in every respect.
在各个方面真丝跟人造丝截然不同。
⑦Job enrichment should be distinguished from job enlargement.
工作丰富化和工作扩大化应加以区分。
活学活用
(1)补全句子
班长在考试中成绩优异，因而显得突出。
The monitor________ ________by his performance in the examination.
答案：distinguished himself
(2)(原创)This new suggestion is a/an ________ improvement from the one I originally made.
A．different B．distinct
C．various D．precise
答案：B 句意：这个新建议比我原来提出的有显著的改进。distinct表示“明显的”。
5．means n．手段；方法(单复数相同)
Thoughts are expressed by means of words.
思想是通过语言来表达的。
知识拓展
by every means 用一切办法
by all means当然行；没问题
by any means 无论如何
by this means用这种方法
by on means 决不；一点也不(＝not a bit/at all若放句首要部分倒装)
①There is no means of getting there.
没有办法可以到达那儿。
②There is no doubt that telephone is an important means of communication.
毫无疑问，电话是交流的一个重要工具。
温馨提示
(1)by no means放在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序。
By no means am I satisfied with my present income.
我对目前的收入一点也不满意。
(2)means用作“方式；方法”时单复数同形。若是all means作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；若是every/a means作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
All possible means have been tried，but not a means has worked.
所有可能的方法都尝试过了，但是没有一种方法奏效。
比较网站
means，way，method，approach
易混单词 使用场合 习惯搭配
means 为达到某种目的或产生某种效果而付诸的行动、使用的工具或采用的一整套方法 by means of，by this means
way 常指个人行动或处事的方式，多与习惯、个人的行为特征有关 in...way，a way to do/of doing sth.，the way that/in which...
method 多指系统的、理论性的、独特的方法 with...method
approach 待人接物或思考的方式、态度或解决问题的具体方法 approach to(doing) sth.
活学活用
(1)用适当的介词填空
①The farmers thought of ways________protect/________
protecting their trees.
②People can communicate with each other________means of the Internet.
③Each of them suggested a different approach________the problem.
④I guess he will carry out his new plan________this method.
答案：①to；of ②by ③to ④with
(2)—Do you think their table tennis team will win the first place at the coming Asian Games?
—________. Ours is much stronger than theirs.
A．Of course B．It depends
C．Don't mention it D．By no means
答案：D by no means“绝不”；it depends“看情况而定”。
6．majority n．大多数，大半
①For the majority of students, the only connection between high schools and universities is the national college entrance exam.
对于大多数学生来说，高中和大学之间的唯一联系就是高考。
②The majority of migrant workers have no city hukou and find it hard to fit in with urban life.
大多数农民工没有城市户口，很难适应城市生活。
③The majority was/were in favour of the proposal.
大多数人赞成这个建议。
④Young women are in the majority in the fashion industry.
年轻女性在时装业中占多数。
名师点津
“the majority of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。the majority作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可。
知识拓展
the majority of 大多数……
by/with a majority 以多数，大半
be in the/a majority 占大部分/大多数
a majority over sb. 超过某人的票数
图解助记
图解majority及其相关词
活学活用
(1)The majority of children in our class________brown eyes; only three have blue eyes.
A．have B．has
C．is D．are
答案：A 句意：我们班大多数孩子是棕色眼睛，只有三个是蓝眼睛。“the majority of＋复数名词”在句中担任主语时，谓语动词采用复数形式。the majority担任主语，谓语动词采用单复数形式均可。
(2)One?third of the country ________ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ______ black people.
A．is; are B．is; is
C．are; are D．are; is
答案：A 考查主谓一致。句意：这个国家的森林覆盖面积占国土面积的三分之一，并且大多数市民都是黑人。the majority of后跟复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
7．elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人
①She elected an art course because she was interested in art.
因为她对艺术感兴趣，所以选择了艺术课。
②Like men，women have the right to elect and to be elected.
妇女享有同男子平等的选举权和被选举权。
知识拓展
elect to do sth.决定做某事
elect sb.as选举某人当……
election n．选举
We wonder who will win the next election.
我们都想知道下届选举谁会获胜。
比较网站
elect，choose和select
elect 主要是指在一定的范围内，在有限的数量中，遵照一定的规章或法则，用投票或举手等表决方式，以多数为标准，选出代表或负责人
choose 指判断和进行实际挑选，强调作决定过程中所下的决心，侧重于意志或判断
select 强调在进行认真考虑后，从很多的人或物中精选出最好的、最中意的
活学活用
(1)完成句子
他决定当医生。
He________ ________ ________a doctor.
答案：elected to be
(2)A new national leadership，with both President Xi and Premier Li，________by the National People's Congress.
A．has been elected B．elected
C．was elected D．had been elected
答案：C 句意：全国人民代表大会选出了以习主席和李总理为首的新一代国家领导人。leadership与elect之间为被动关系，再根据该事件发生的时间可知应用一般过去时的被动语态。
8．percentage n．百分比；百分率
a percentage of后接名词时，其后面谓语动词的单复数要与所接名词相符合。
①What percentage of the earth is covered by oceans?
地球的百分之几被海洋覆盖着？
②What percentage of the students were absent?
缺席的学生占百分之几？
知识拓展
the percentage of... ……的百分比，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The percentage of the students who are admitted to universities is 70%.
被大学录取的学生的百分比是70%。
比较网站
percent和percentage
percent “百分之……”，相当于“%”，其前一般有具体数字
percentage “百分比；百分率”，不用具体数字修饰，常用high，low，large，small修饰，提问时一般用what
活学活用
(1)选词填空(percentage/percent)
①90________of work has been finished.
②A high________of skilled workers are women workers in the factory.
答案：①percent ②percentage
(2)________percentage of the population died in the earthquake of Ludian?
A．How much B．How many
C．What D．How
答案：C 考查percentage的用法。句意：鲁甸地震中死了多少人？percentage常与特殊疑问词what连用，故选C。
1.live on 继续存在；继续生存
①Our government took measures to make this custom live on.
我们的政府采取措施使这个风俗延续下去。
②She died ten years ago but her memory lives on.
她十年前就去世了，但她却留在人们的记忆中。
知识拓展
live on sth.以……为食；靠……生活
live for 为……而活着
live up to 达到；符合；不辜负
live with sth.忍受某事
live out 实践；实现
live through sth.经历(灾难或其他困境)而幸存
①We will live up to what our parents expect of us.
我们绝不辜负父母对我们的期望。
②I had to learn to live with the pain.
我不得不学会忍受痛苦。
③He has lived through two world wars.
他经历了两次世界大战。
活学活用
(1)The operation turned out to be very successful, and the old man________for another ten years.
A．stayed up B．went through
C．kept up D．lived on
答案：D live on为固定用法，意思是“继续生存”。stay up为“熬夜”；keep up意为“维持，保持”；go through意为“经历”。句意为“那次手术证明很成功，那位老人又活了十年”。
(2)Some famous singers________the income from record sales.
A．turn on B．sit on
C．count out D．live on
答案：D live on sth.在句中为“靠……生活”的意思，符合题意。turn on“打开”；sit on“坐在……上”；count out“逐一地数”。句意为“一些著名的歌手靠唱片销售的收入来维持生活”。
2．make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生
①Mr. Bob made a life by selling newspapers.
鲍勃先生靠卖报为生。
②They went to the West and decided to make a life there.
他们去了西部地区，决定去适应新生活。
③If you get, you make a living; if you pay, you make a life.
如果你工作上想获得，你是在谋生；如果你工作上想付出，你是在生活。
④The young couple moved to the nearby city to make a life there.
这对年轻的夫妇搬到附近的城市去适应新的生活。
知识拓展
life相关短语：
①come to life 突然苏醒；突然开始工作；突然变得活跃
②live/lead a．.. life 过着……的生活
③come back to life 苏醒过来；恢复生气
④full of life 充满生气
⑤start/make a new life 开始新生活
⑥bring sb./sth. (back) to life 给某人/事物以活力；使复活
⑦lay down one's life (for sb./sth.) 为……献身；牺牲生命
⑧take one's (own) life: commit suicide 自杀
⑨put an end to one's life: kill oneself 自杀
⑩lose one's life 失去生命
活学活用
完成句子
(1)They settled down in China and________for themselves.
我们在中国定居，习惯了新的生活方式。
(2)The new teacher really__________for us.
新来的教师给我们把法语进得生动活泼。
答案：①made a life ②brought French to life
3．keep up坚持；维持；使不低落；继续；持续；沿袭(风俗、传统等)
①The good news keeps our spirits up.
好消息使我们情绪高涨。
②Nobody knows how long the drought will keep up.
没有人知道干旱将持续多长时间。
③Keep up your courage!
鼓足勇气！
④People there still keep up old customs.
那儿的人们仍然沿袭古老的风俗。
知识拓展
keep up your courage/the old customs保持勇气/旧的传统
keep up your spirits打起精神
keep up with跟上，不落后
keep it up保持优异成绩，继续干下去
keep to sth遵守，信守
keep away from避开；远离
keep off勿踩；勿踏
活学活用
(1)完成句子
①The police warned the people around to________ ________ ________(不要靠近)the burning building.
②Things will only work out if we all________ ________the plan.
只有大家执行计划，事情才能成功。
答案：①keep away from ②keep to
(2)Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to ________ his courage.
A. hold up B. keep up
C. set up D. take up
答案：B 本题考查短语动词的用法。句意：独自走在黑暗中，这个男孩吹着口哨来保持勇气。hold up举起， 抬起， 拿起 ；支持， 支撑， 承受住，支持住；拦住， 使停顿， 耽搁 ；keep up (使)不倒下， (使)不下沉 ；保持在高水准上 ；跟上， 赶上；保持不衰退；set up 建起，搭起；take up拿起；抱起 ，占去。根据句意，B项正确。
1.California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.
加利福尼亚是美国的第三大州，却是人口最多的州。
(1)the third largest是序数词修饰最高级，意为“第三大”。形容词或副词的最高级前面可用序数词修饰，表示“第几大/长……”。
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
黄河是中国第二长河。
one of the/among the＋最高级＋名词复数，表示“最……之一”。
China is one of the oldest countries in the world.
中国是世界上最古老的国家之一。
Paris is among the biggest cities in the world.
巴黎是世界上最大的城市之一。
(2)句中的population意为“人口”，还可指“全体居民”。
population作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，但表示“population”中的一部分“成员”时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。
The population is increasing at about 6% per year.
人口以每年约6%的速度增长。
The entire population of the town was at the meeting.
全镇的居民都出席了集会。
The population of Australia is more than two thousand million.
澳大利亚的人口大约是2000多万。
One third of the population of this country are farmers.
这个国家三分之一的人口是农民。
知识拓展
①表示某一地区“有多少人口”用have a population of。
②表示某一地区“人口多或少”用large/small，不用many/few。
③问某一地区“有多少人口”用What is the population of...？/How large is the population of...?
活学活用
(1)Do you know what is ________ river?
A．Africa's second longest
B．the Africa's second longest
C．the second Africa's longest
D．Africa's the second longest
答案：A 句意：你知道非洲第二长河是什么河吗？形容词最高级前有名词所有格Africa's修饰，故不加定冠词the。
(2)The population of Jiangsu ________ to more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is now approaching 74 million.
A．has grown B．have grown
C．grew D．are growing
答案：A 本题考查主谓一致和时态。人口作为一个整体作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。根据句意可知江苏的人口不断增长，是1949年的两倍多，因此应该使用现在完成时。
2．It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world.
加州的与众不同之处也在于它是美国最具多元文化特征的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。
having attracted people from all over the world为现在分词的完成式担任后置定语，修饰名词state，其作用相当于非限制性定语从句which has attracted people from all over the world。分词作定语可分为限制性(紧跟在所修饰的词之后)和非限制性(用逗号与其所修饰的词分开)两种，其作用相当于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
①The funds(which/that have been)raised are mainly used for helping the homeless.
筹集的资金主要用于帮助那些无家可归者。
②The children(who needed)needing medical attention were sent to the nearest hospital immediately.
需要医疗护理的孩子们立即被送进了最近的医院。
③This book，(which is)written in simple English, is suitable for beginners to read.
这本书是使用浅显的英文写的，适合初学者阅读。
④This new book，(which deals with)dealing with West Africa, was written by professor Smith.
这是关于西非的一本新书，是史密斯教授写作的。
活学活用
(1)(2013·山东)________ at the cafeteria before, Tina didn't want to eat there again.
A．Having eaten B．To eat
C．Eat D．Eating
答案：A 本题考查非谓语动词。句意：Tina以前去过这家餐厅，她不想再到那儿吃饭。此处是非谓语动词作状语，根据关键词before可知，此处表示以前的动作，而且与句子的主语之间是主动关系，故用现在分词的完成时态。
(2)用所给动词的适当形式填空
①________(know)the situation well，they dealt with the problem easily.
②________(see)the film twice，I decided to go to the party instead.
答案：①Having known ②Having seen
3．Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.
最早一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在称之为加利福尼亚的地区的，谁也说不清楚。
(1)本句是主从复合句，其中主句是no one really knows, when引导一个宾语从句。本句可写成：No one really knows exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California.
(2)what we now know as California是一个由what引导的名词性从句，作arrive in的宾语。
知识拓展
①名词性从句中what与that的区别：
that在名词性从句中不作成分；what在句中作成分。
What he said sounds reasonable.(what作said的宾语)
That our team has won the game has been proved.(That在主语从句中不作成分)
②名词性从句中what与which的区别：
指代前文已经提到过的对象或范围时，用which，否则用what。
There are many books available. I don't know which to read.(which指的是前文提到的books的其中一本)
What book do you want to buy？(前文没有提及买什么书或哪一类书)
活学活用
(1)(2013·北京)________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
A．That B．What
C．Who D．Which
答案：B 本题考查名词性从句的引导词。句意：使这本书与众不同的是作者的有创造性的想象力。分析结构可知，________ makes the book so extraordinary为主语从句，从句缺少主语，要用what引导。that引导主语从句时，仅仅起连接作用，不作句子成分，但是不能省略；who指人；which引导名词性从句时与what的区别在于它为特指，而what为泛指。故正确答案为B。
(2)Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesn't matter ________you have lived there for a short or a long time.
A. why B. how
C. whether D. when
答案：C 考查名词性从句。句意：村子里的人都很友好，所以你住在那里时间长还是短都没关系。it是形式主语，真正主语是whether引导的名词性从句。
4．However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
然而，可能至少在15000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。
It is likely that...“很有可能……”，it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。
本句型可转化为Sb./Sth.be likely to do...“某人/某物可能干某事”。
It is likely that the weather will be fine.
＝The weather is likely to be fine.
天气可能会很晴朗。
It's likely that she will ring me tonight.
＝She's very likely to ring me tonight.
她今晚很可能给我打电话。
知识拓展
likely可与most，very，quite等连用。
His attempt will be most likely to succeed.
他的尝试很有可能会成功。
比较网站
likely，possible，probable
likely 指从外表、迹象上进行判断有可能发生，既可用人也可以用物作主语，常用句型有：It is likely that...或sb./sth.is likely to...
possible 指客观上有可能，但往往含有希望很小的意味，不能用人作主语，常用句型有：It is possible(for sb.)to do sth.；It is possible that...
probable 可能性比possible大，表示“很可能”，不能用人作主语，可用于It is probable that...句型
活学活用
(1)用likely，possible，probable完成句子
①They are________to be angry with him.
②I will do everything________to help you.
③The home team，far ahead，is the________winner.
答案：①likely ②possible ③probable
(2)句型转换
You are likely to have forgotten all about it.
________________________________________________
答案：It is likely that you have forgotten all about it.
5．In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans.
此外，欧洲人带来了疾病，使许多人染病而死。
(1)本句是一个简单句，过去分词短语brought by the Europeans作后置定语修饰diseases。过去分词短语作定语时通常后置，而单个的过去分词作定语时通常放在被修饰的名词之前。
What's the language spoken in that area?
那个地区讲的是什么语言？
They decided to change the used material.
他们决定改变所用的材料。
(2)本句中in addition意为“此外”，在句中作状语。
A new security system was installed. In addition, extra guards were hired.
新的安全系统已经安装。此外，还多雇了一些保安。
When Diane fell, she hurt her arm and, in addition, broke her glasses.
黛安妮摔倒时，摔伤了胳膊，还摔坏了眼镜。
In addition to giving a general introduction to computer, the course also provides practical experience.
课程除了对电脑知识作一般介绍外，还提供实际操作的机会。
(3)die from死于(事故、灾难等外因)
His grandfather died from an earthquake.
他爷爷死于地震。
Her uncle died from a traffic accident.
她叔叔死于一起交通事故。
图解助记
活学活用
(1)________the names on the list there are six other applicants.
A．In common with B．In addition to
C．Compared to D．Except for
答案：B 句意：除此名单上的名字之外， 还有六个申请人。in addition(to sb./sth.)表示“除……以外(还……)”。
(2 The witnesses ________ by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
A．questioned B．being questioned
C．to be questioned D．having questioned
答案：A 本题考查非谓语动词。句意：被询问的目击者们刚才对打架给出了不同的描述。分析句子成分可知question作the witnesses的定语，两者之间是被动关系，又“目击者是被询问过的”；作定语的非谓语动词中，既表示被动又表示完成意义的，要用过去分词形式。故选A项。B项表示“正在被询问”，C项表示“将要被询问”，D项表示主动强调完成，皆不合题意。
(3)翻译句子
①越来越多的人死于癌症。
________________________________________________
②车祸受害人因伤死亡。
________________________________________________
答案：①More and more people die of cancer.
②The accident victim died from injuries.
6．However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state.
不过，还是有一些人挺过了这些恐怖时期而活下来了。今天住在加利福尼亚的美洲土著人比其他任何州的都要多。
(1)本句中and连接两个并列分句。现在分词短语living in...作定语修饰Native Americans。There be sb. doing sth.表示“有某人在做某事”，相当于sb. be doing sth.。注意v.?ing形式在此作定语。
There are about 25,000 Russian?Americans living in and around San Francisco.
有25000左右的俄裔美国人居住在旧金山或其周围。
There are already people wondering whether we should fight for the right of robots and machines.
已经有人在想我们是否应该为机器人和机器争取权利而战。
(2)本句中survive为及物动词，意为“挺过”；survive作及物动词时还可表示“比……活得时间长”。此外survive还可用作不及物动词，表示“生存，存活，继续存在”。
She is the only person who survived the explosion.
在那次爆炸中她是唯一活下来的人。
She survived her husband by ten years.
丈夫死后她又活了十年。
名师点津
survive本身就表示“从……中逃出，幸免于……”，一般不和from等介词连用。注意下句翻译：只有少数的乘客从那次车祸中幸存下来。
Only a few passengers survived from the accident.(?)
Only a few passengers survived in the accident.(?)
Only a few passengers survived the accident.(√)
活学活用
(1)(2013·山东)The room is empty except for a bookshelf ________ in one corner.
A．standing B．to stand
C．stands D．stood
答案：A 本题考查非谓语动词。句意：除了站立在一个角落的书架之外，这个屋子是空的。此处是非谓语动词作定语，与所修饰的词bookshelf之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式。
(2)Much to our shock, none of the 54 miners were able to ________ the gas blast (爆炸) under the coal mine.
A．live B．survive
C．pass D．save
答案：B 句意：使我们非常震惊的是，那54名矿工没有一个能从煤矿下的煤气爆炸中幸存下来。live作“生存，存活”讲时是不及物动词，后面要接介词。survive可作及物动词，后接宾语；pass意为“通过”，不符合句意；save若改为“be saved in”也可作为答案。
7．The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States.
距离最近因而来得最早的是南美洲人和美国人。
本句是一个简单句，主语是the nearest, and therefore the first；不定式to arrive作后置定语修饰the first；were是连系动词，South Americans and people from the United States作表语；from the United States为后置定语，修饰people。
He is always the first to arrive.
他总是第一个到。
The captain was the last to leave the sinking ship.
船长是最后一个离开那艘正在下沉的船的。
①不定式作定语时，若构成不定式的动词是不及物动词，且与所修饰的名词存在动宾关系，则不定式后应加适当的介词。
He is a pleasant fellow to work with.
他是个很好共事的人。
We have a warm room to live in.
我们有间温暖的屋子可以住。
②若被修饰的词是不定式的逻辑宾语，但不定式的动作并不是句子的主语发出的，不定式需用被动形式。
—Do you have anything to be typed, sir?
——先生，你有东西要打吗？(打字这一动作并不是you发出的，故用不定式的被动式)
—No，thanks.
——没有，谢谢。
活学活用
(1)用所给动词的适当形式填空
①You are the first one________(think)of it.
②The system has the ability________(run)more than one program at the same time.
答案：①to think ②to run
(2)With the world changing fast, we have something new ________ with all by ourselves every day.
A．deal B．dealt
C．to deal D．dealing
答案：C 不定式短语to deal with...在此作后置定语，虽为主动形式，但表示被动意义，we为不定式动作的发出者。
8．By the time California elected to become the thirty?first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.
到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候，它已经是一个有着多种文化的社会了。
by the time“到……时候为止”，引导的状语从句常用一般时态，主句多用完成时态。
By the time we arrived, they had already left.
我们到达时，他们已经离开了。
By the time you arrive home, your father will have left for Shanghai on business.
当你到家的时候，你爸爸将已经出差去上海了。
知识拓展
(1)It/This/That is the first/second/... time (that) sb. has/have done sth.
It is the first time I have heard such a strange story.
这是我第一次听到这种奇怪的故事。
(2)the first time“第一次”，名词短语起连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。
The first time I went abroad, I could hardly understand what the foreigners said.
我第一次出国时，几乎听不懂外国人说话。
活学活用
(1)完成句子
①她到家的时候，她姑姑将已经动身到伦敦去参加一个会议了。
By the time she gets home，her aunt________ ________ ________for London to attend a meeting.
②By the time we arrived，________ ________ ________ ________ ________.(会议已经结束了)
答案：①will have left ②the meeting had been over
(2)Ms Lowden became a teacher in 1991.She________for twenty years by next summer.
A．has taught B．has been teaching
C．will teach D．will have taught
答案：D 题中by next summer表示“截止到明年夏天”，所以应与将来完成时连用。
9．Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail net from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s.
虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始来到(美国)，但是更大批量的中国移民却是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。
本句的核心结构为强调句型：It is/was...that...，强调了主语the building of the rail net from the west to the east coast。强调句型It is/was...that/who...的用法归纳如下：
(1)强调句型可以强调除谓语动词以外的任何句子成份。一般说来，如果被强调部分是人时，用连词that或who；如果被强调部分是物，只能用连词that。强调句型应避免使用when, where, which 等连词。
①It was playing computer games that cost the boy a lot of time he ought to have spent on his lessons.
玩电脑游戏用掉了这个孩子本来应该花在功课上的许多时间。
②It is during his spare time that Tom has been studying the situation for several months.
几个月以来，汤姆一直利用自己的空闲时间研究局势。
(2)that/who后的动词的人称和数的变化要与前面的名词或代词一致。
①It was I who/that was to blame.
该受责备的人是我。
②It was only I who am willing to go to see the film.
愿意去看电影的人只有我。
(3)强调句型的一般疑问句形式：
①Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?
第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗？
②Is it Mr. Li who guided the company through the difficulties?
是李先生带领公司渡过难关的吗？
(4)强调句型的特殊疑问句形式：
①Where is it that you are going for your holidays?
你打算到哪儿去度假？
②How was it that you climb to the top of that building?
你是如何爬上楼顶的？
(5)强调句型中的特殊形式： It is not until...that.../It is because...that...
①It was not until he entered the classroom that he realized that he had forgotten to do the homework.
直到走进教室，他才意识到忘了做作业。
②It was because her mother was ill that she didn't go to work.
是因为她妈妈病了她才没有去上班。
(6)在强调句型中，作主语的关系代词who/that可以省略。
①It is he(that/who)worked out the maths problem.
是他算出了这道数学题。
②It is I (that/who)am teaching them the English song.
是我在教他们唱这首英语歌曲。
活学活用
(1)It was with the help of the local guide ________ the mountain climber was rescued.
A．who B．that
C．when D．how
答案：B 本题考查强调句。句意：是在当地导游的帮助下登山者才被救的。分析结构可知，此处是强调句，强调的是句子的状语with the help of the local guide；由强调句的基本句子结构“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that(强调人可以用who)＋其他”可知B项正确。
(2)It was not until I came here ______ I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
A. who B. that
C. where D. before
答案：B 考查强调句型。句意：直到我来这里我才意识到……；故填that。
(3)单句改错
①It is Kate who told me about it.
________________________________________________
②It was two o'clock that he arrived home last night.
________________________________________________
答案：①is→was ②that→when或was后加at
10．It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.
人们认为，过不了多久，多种民族的混合将会非常大，以至于不可能存在一种主要的种族或者文化群体，而是多种族、多文化的混合体。
it在句子中作形式主语，形成“It(形式主语)＋is＋过去分词＋that从句(真正主语)”句式；It's said/reported/announced/ believed that...“据说/据报道/据宣布/大家认为……”。
It is said that three prisoners broke out of the jail yesterday.
据说，昨天有三个囚犯越狱了。
It is widely believed that the virus originally came from monkeys.
人们普遍认为这种病毒最初来源于猴子。
知识拓展
It's said/reported/announced/believed that...可转化为sb./sth. be said/reported/announced/believed to do...It is reported that the famous scientist is from Canada.
→The famous scientist is reported to be from Canada.
据报道，那位著名的科学家来自加拿大。
注意：用于“It is＋v.?ed＋that...”结构的常见动词还有hope，think，suppose，suggest，require，announce等。
活学活用
________is believed that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger and more prosperous economy.
A．As B．That
C．It D．This
答案：C 句意：人们相信医疗保健水平的提高会使经济更加繁荣昌盛。It is believed that...“人们相信……”是一个习惯用法，it作形式主语，that引导的是主语从句。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Is there any________(办法) of contacting him?
2．Most of the students are in the 17?20 age________(范围)．
3．Those who favour the proposal are in the________(大多数)．
4．Statistics________(表明) that the world population has doubled.
5．It was becoming________(明显的) to me that she didn't like me.
6．He made a lot of money during the property________(繁荣)．
7．A new law has been brought in to discourage________(种族) prejudice.
8．Tom was________(推选) chairman, for he is hardworking and responsible.
9．A strong man will bear________(困苦) without complaining.
10．We have only a small________(百分率) of foreign books.
答案：1.means 2.range 3.majority 4.indicate 5.apparent 6.boom 7.racial 8.elected 9.hardship
10．percentage
Ⅱ.用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空
1．The kids used to live in a small village. It took them almost a year to________in a large city.
2．Jerry could not________and dropped out of the race.
3．________the storm stopped and the exploration team continued on its way.
4．________， friendship can enrich our life and broaden our outlook.
5．He will die，but his fame will________after him.
6．She tried to explain________sign language，but we still couldn't understand what she meant.
7. Many Jewish people________the Lower East Side.
8．________the old one in energy?saving, our new model is superior.
9．We hope to cooperate with friends________.
10．________the ambulance had arrived，a crowd of onlookers had gathered.
答案：1.make a life 2.keep up 3.Before long 4.In addition 5.live on 6.by means of 7.settled in 8.Compared with 9.all over the world 10.By the time
Ⅲ.课文概述
根据课文内容进行填空，每空限填一词。
California, the third largest state in the USA, has the__1__of being multicultural. The Native Americans are believed to have crossed the Bering__2__to America by__3__of a land bridge. In the 18th century, the Spanish began to settle in California. Then from the year 1848, some gold miners came to this place to__4__a life, despite great__5__. By the year 1850 when California was__6__as the thirty?first__7__state of the USA, it was multicultural. Today, Chinese?Americans are living in all parts of California,
although a large__8__of them have chosen the“Chinatowns”. Other immigrants such as__9__， mainly fishermen as well as wine makers, arrived in California in the late 19th century. Most recently, more people from Asia have settled here. And in future, there will be no distinct major__10__or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.
1．________2.________3.________4.________
5．________6.________7.________8.________
9．________10.________
答案：1.distinction 2.Strait 3.means 4.make 5.hardship 6.elected 7.federal 8.percentage 9.Italians
10．racial
A land of diversity
Unit 1
Section Ⅰ Warming up & Reading
Unit 1
Ⅰ.词汇过关
1．音意记忆。
(1)________(n.) 大多数；大半
(2)________(n.) 苦难；困苦
(3)____________(n.) 百分比；百分率
(4)________(n.) (人口、贸易的)繁荣
(vi.) 处于经济迅速发展时期
majority
hardship
percentage
boom
2．形意记忆。
(1)distinct (adj.)清晰的；明显的，明确的→_________(n.)差别；区分；卓著
(2)elect(vt.) 选择；决定做某事；选举某人→________(n.)选举
(3)race(n.)种族→________(adj.)人种的；种族的
distinction
election
racial
Ⅱ.短语自查
1．live on_____________________
2．by means of..._____________________
3．be forced into slavery_______________
4．gain independence from____________________
5．in addition______________
6．向……宣战_________________
7．习惯于新的生活方式、工作等______________
8．坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)______________
9．在20世纪初期________________________________
10．是……的故乡，是……的栖息地________________
继续存在；继续生存
用……办法；借助……
被迫成为奴隶
脱离……而获得独立
此外
declare war on...
make a life
keep up
at the beginning of the 20th century
become/be home to
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．________ your answers ________ other groups.
把你们的答案和其他组加以比较。
2．It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA,
___________________________________________________.
加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。
3．Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush period, ________ the building of the rail net from the west to the east coast ________ brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s.
虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始来到美国，但是更大批量的中国移民都是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。
答案：1.Compare with 2.having attracted people from all over the world 3.it was that
Ⅳ.语篇理解
Read the text CALIFORNIA and judge True or False.
1．California is the largest state in the USA and has the largest population. ( )
2．The Native Americans were treated well after the arrival of the Europeans.( )
3．Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority were religious men.( )
4．In the early 1800s，Russians began settling in California.( )
5．In 1848, before the American?Mexican war, gold was discovered in California.( )
6．During the Gold Rush Period, many achieved their dream of becoming rich.( )
7．California became the thirty?first féderal state of the United States of America in 1850.( )
8．In the late 19th century, Chinese immigrants arrived in California.( )
答案：1－5 FFTTF 6－8 FTF
1.compare (v.)
(1)～A and B|～A with/to B 比较；对比
It is interesting to compare their situation and/with ours.
把他们的状况与我们的相比很有意思。
(2)～with/to sb./sth.与……类似(或相似)
This school compares with the best in the country.
这所学校可与全国最好的学校媲美。
(3)～A to B 表明……与……相似；将……比作……
A teacher's work is often compared to a candle.
教师的工作常被比作蜡烛。
知识拓展
(1)compare notes(with sb.)(与……)交换看法(或意见等)
He is now comparing notes with his co?workers about the job.
他现在就工作问题正与同事交换意见。
(2)beyond/without/past compare 无与伦比；举世无双
She is lovely beyond compare.
她真是可爱得无与伦比。
(3)compared to/with 与……相比(在句中担任状语)
Compared with/to our parents, we are indeed very fortunate.
与我们的父辈相比，我们确实很幸运。
比较网站
compare和contrast
Compare this with that, and you will see which is better.
将这个与那个比较一下，你就会知道哪个比较好了。
Her actions contrasted sharply with her promises.
她的行动与她的诺言有天壤之别。
compare 侧重比较两个或更多东西的异同优劣，强调相同或类似之处。
contrast 指比较两个或更多东西之间的差异，侧重不同点。
活学活用
(1)Michael's new house is like a huge palace，________with his old one.
A．comparing B．compares
C．to compare D．compared
答案：D 句意：与旧房子相比，迈克尔的新房子看起来就像是一座大宫殿。compared to/with表示“与……相比”，在句中担任状语。
(2)When________prices, one has to take into consideration the quality of the goods.
A．compared B．being compared
C．comparing D．having compared
答案：C 句意：衡量价格时，也应该考虑商品的质量问题。本题考查状语从句的省略，其完整形式为：When one is comparing prices，...
2．range (n.)
(1)[C, usually sing.]～(of sth.)一系列
There is a full range of activities for children.
这里有给孩子们提供的各种活动。
(2)[C, usually sing.](变动或浮动的)范围，界限，区域
Several cars are available within this price range.
在这个价格范围内，有好几种汽车可供选购。
(3)[C&U]视觉(或听觉)范围
It came within my range of vision.
该物体进入了我的视野。
(4)[C&U] 射程；射击距离
The gun has a range of five miles.
这炮的射程为五英里。
(5)[C] 山脉
I'm lucky enough to have a chance of admiring the view of the great mountain range of the Alps.
我非常幸运能有机会欣赏雄伟的阿尔卑斯山脉景色。
知识拓展
(1)within/in range(of sth.)在可及的范围内，在视觉(或听觉)范围内
He shouted angrily at anyone within range.
他看见谁，就对谁吼叫。
(2)out of range(of sth.)超出……的范围；在视觉(或听觉)范围以外
The cat stayed well out of range of the children.
这只猫离孩子们远远的。
活学活用
(1)补全句子
——你能击中树梢上的那只鸟吗？
—Can you shoot that bird at the top of the tree?
——击不中，它在射程之外。
—No，it's________ ________ ________.
答案：out of range
(2)This restaurant has become popular for its wide________of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.
A．division B．area
C．range D．circle
答案：C 句意：这家餐厅越来越出名，因为它为各类人群提供了多元化的食物。a wide range of表示“各式各样的”。
3．illustrate (v.)
(1)～sth.(with sth.)加插图于；给(书等)作图表
This English textbook is well illustrated.
这本英语教科书有精美的插图。
(2)(用示例、图画等)说明、解释
He illustrated his point by relating his own experiences.
他用自己的经历说明了他的观点。
活学活用
(1)The teacher wrote an example on the blackboard to________the point.
A．illustrate B．suggest
C．express D．recognize
答案：A 句意：老师在黑板上写了个实例来举例说明这个要点。illustrate表示“举例说明”。
(2)The teacher________the history lesson with pictures of castles.
A．taught B．illustrated
C．showed D．addressed
答案：B 句意：教师利用城堡图画讲解历史课。illustrate sth. with/by sth.表示“用……说明、解释……”。注意，teach sb. a lesson表示“教训某人一顿”；例如：The accident taught me a lesson I'll never forget. 那次事故给我的教训永远也不能忘记。
4．distinction (n.)
(1)[C]～(between A and B) 差别；区别；对比
I can't see any distinction between these two cases.
我看不出这两个案例有什么不同。
(2)[U] 优秀；杰出；卓越
He is a writer of real distinction.
他是一位真正才智超群的作家。
(3)[U] 区分；分清；辨别
The new law makes no distinction between adults and children.
这项新法规对成人和孩子同样适用。
知识拓展
(1)draw/make a distinction between 对……加以区别
without distinction 无差别地， 一视同仁地
(2)distinct adj.截然不同的；清楚的；明白的；明显的
be distinct in...from... 在某方面与……不同
(3)distinguish v．区分；辨别；成为……的特征
be distinguished from不同于； 与……加以区别
distinguish oneself(as...)使自己与众不同； 使自己出名；使自己受人青睐
①Those two suggestions are quite distinct from each other.
这两个建议截然不同。
②There is a distinct improvement in your spoken English.
你的英语口语有明显的进步。
③What was it that distinguished her from her classmates?
是什么使得她有别于班上的其他同学？
④We should make a distinction between right and wrong.
我们应该分清是非。
⑤He is fair to us without distinction.
他对我们一视同仁，毫无区别。
⑥Silk is distinct from rayon in every respect.
在各个方面真丝跟人造丝截然不同。
⑦Job enrichment should be distinguished from job enlargement.
工作丰富化和工作扩大化应加以区分。
活学活用
(1)补全句子
班长在考试中成绩优异，因而显得突出。
The monitor________ ________by his performance in the examination.
答案：distinguished himself
(2)(原创)This new suggestion is a/an ________ improvement from the one I originally made.
A．different B．distinct
C．various D．precise
答案：B 句意：这个新建议比我原来提出的有显著的改进。distinct表示“明显的”。
5．means n．手段；方法(单复数相同)
Thoughts are expressed by means of words.
思想是通过语言来表达的。
知识拓展
by every means 用一切办法
by all means当然行；没问题
by any means 无论如何
by this means用这种方法
by on means 决不；一点也不(＝not a bit/at all若放句首要部分倒装)
①There is no means of getting there.
没有办法可以到达那儿。
②There is no doubt that telephone is an important means of communication.
毫无疑问，电话是交流的一个重要工具。
温馨提示
(1)by no means放在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序。
By no means am I satisfied with my present income.
我对目前的收入一点也不满意。
(2)means用作“方式；方法”时单复数同形。若是all means作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；若是every/a means作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
All possible means have been tried，but not a means has worked.
所有可能的方法都尝试过了，但是没有一种方法奏效。
比较网站
means，way，method，approach
易混单词 使用场合 习惯搭配
means 为达到某种目的或产生某种效果而付诸的行动、使用的工具或采用的一整套方法 by means of，by this means
way 常指个人行动或处事的方式，多与习惯、个人的行为特征有关 in...way，a way to do/of doing sth.，the way that/in which...
method 多指系统的、理论性的、独特的方法 with...method
approach 待人接物或思考的方式、态度或解决问题的具体方法 approach to(doing) sth.
活学活用
(1)用适当的介词填空
①The farmers thought of ways________protect/________
protecting their trees.
②People can communicate with each other________means of the Internet.
③Each of them suggested a different approach________the problem.
④I guess he will carry out his new plan________this method.
答案：①to；of ②by ③to ④with
(2)—Do you think their table tennis team will win the first place at the coming Asian Games?
—________. Ours is much stronger than theirs.
A．Of course B．It depends
C．Don't mention it D．By no means
答案：D by no means“绝不”；it depends“看情况而定”。
6．majority n．大多数，大半
①For the majority of students, the only connection between high schools and universities is the national college entrance exam.
对于大多数学生来说，高中和大学之间的唯一联系就是高考。
②The majority of migrant workers have no city hukou and find it hard to fit in with urban life.
大多数农民工没有城市户口，很难适应城市生活。
③The majority was/were in favour of the proposal.
大多数人赞成这个建议。
④Young women are in the majority in the fashion industry.
年轻女性在时装业中占多数。
名师点津
“the majority of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。the majority作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可。
知识拓展
the majority of 大多数……
by/with a majority 以多数，大半
be in the/a majority 占大部分/大多数
a majority over sb. 超过某人的票数
图解助记
图解majority及其相关词
活学活用
(1)The majority of children in our class________brown eyes; only three have blue eyes.
A．have B．has
C．is D．are
答案：A 句意：我们班大多数孩子是棕色眼睛，只有三个是蓝眼睛。“the majority of＋复数名词”在句中担任主语时，谓语动词采用复数形式。the majority担任主语，谓语动词采用单复数形式均可。
(2)One?third of the country ________ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ______ black people.
A．is; are B．is; is
C．are; are D．are; is
答案：A 考查主谓一致。句意：这个国家的森林覆盖面积占国土面积的三分之一，并且大多数市民都是黑人。the majority of后跟复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
7．elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人
①She elected an art course because she was interested in art.
因为她对艺术感兴趣，所以选择了艺术课。
②Like men，women have the right to elect and to be elected.
妇女享有同男子平等的选举权和被选举权。
知识拓展
elect to do sth.决定做某事
elect sb.as选举某人当……
election n．选举
We wonder who will win the next election.
我们都想知道下届选举谁会获胜。
比较网站
elect，choose和select
elect 主要是指在一定的范围内，在有限的数量中，遵照一定的规章或法则，用投票或举手等表决方式，以多数为标准，选出代表或负责人
choose 指判断和进行实际挑选，强调作决定过程中所下的决心，侧重于意志或判断
select 强调在进行认真考虑后，从很多的人或物中精选出最好的、最中意的
活学活用
(1)完成句子
他决定当医生。
He________ ________ ________a doctor.
答案：elected to be
(2)A new national leadership，with both President Xi and Premier Li，________by the National People's Congress.
A．has been elected B．elected
C．was elected D．had been elected
答案：C 句意：全国人民代表大会选出了以习主席和李总理为首的新一代国家领导人。leadership与elect之间为被动关系，再根据该事件发生的时间可知应用一般过去时的被动语态。
8．percentage n．百分比；百分率
a percentage of后接名词时，其后面谓语动词的单复数要与所接名词相符合。
①What percentage of the earth is covered by oceans?
地球的百分之几被海洋覆盖着？
②What percentage of the students were absent?
缺席的学生占百分之几？
知识拓展
the percentage of... ……的百分比，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The percentage of the students who are admitted to universities is 70%.
被大学录取的学生的百分比是70%。
比较网站
percent和percentage
percent “百分之……”，相当于“%”，其前一般有具体数字
percentage “百分比；百分率”，不用具体数字修饰，常用high，low，large，small修饰，提问时一般用what
活学活用
(1)选词填空(percentage/percent)
①90________of work has been finished.
②A high________of skilled workers are women workers in the factory.
答案：①percent ②percentage
(2)________percentage of the population died in the earthquake of Ludian?
A．How much B．How many
C．What D．How
答案：C 考查percentage的用法。句意：鲁甸地震中死了多少人？percentage常与特殊疑问词what连用，故选C。
1.live on 继续存在；继续生存
①Our government took measures to make this custom live on.
我们的政府采取措施使这个风俗延续下去。
②She died ten years ago but her memory lives on.
她十年前就去世了，但她却留在人们的记忆中。
知识拓展
live on sth.以……为食；靠……生活
live for 为……而活着
live up to 达到；符合；不辜负
live with sth.忍受某事
live out 实践；实现
live through sth.经历(灾难或其他困境)而幸存
①We will live up to what our parents expect of us.
我们绝不辜负父母对我们的期望。
②I had to learn to live with the pain.
我不得不学会忍受痛苦。
③He has lived through two world wars.
他经历了两次世界大战。
活学活用
(1)The operation turned out to be very successful, and the old man________for another ten years.
A．stayed up B．went through
C．kept up D．lived on
答案：D live on为固定用法，意思是“继续生存”。stay up为“熬夜”；keep up意为“维持，保持”；go through意为“经历”。句意为“那次手术证明很成功，那位老人又活了十年”。
(2)Some famous singers________the income from record sales.
A．turn on B．sit on
C．count out D．live on
答案：D live on sth.在句中为“靠……生活”的意思，符合题意。turn on“打开”；sit on“坐在……上”；count out“逐一地数”。句意为“一些著名的歌手靠唱片销售的收入来维持生活”。
2．make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生
①Mr. Bob made a life by selling newspapers.
鲍勃先生靠卖报为生。
②They went to the West and decided to make a life there.
他们去了西部地区，决定去适应新生活。
③If you get, you make a living; if you pay, you make a life.
如果你工作上想获得，你是在谋生；如果你工作上想付出，你是在生活。
④The young couple moved to the nearby city to make a life there.
这对年轻的夫妇搬到附近的城市去适应新的生活。
知识拓展
life相关短语：
①come to life 突然苏醒；突然开始工作；突然变得活跃
②live/lead a．.. life 过着……的生活
③come back to life 苏醒过来；恢复生气
④full of life 充满生气
⑤start/make a new life 开始新生活
⑥bring sb./sth. (back) to life 给某人/事物以活力；使复活
⑦lay down one's life (for sb./sth.) 为……献身；牺牲生命
⑧take one's (own) life: commit suicide 自杀
⑨put an end to one's life: kill oneself 自杀
⑩lose one's life 失去生命
活学活用
完成句子
(1)They settled down in China and________for themselves.
我们在中国定居，习惯了新的生活方式。
(2)The new teacher really__________for us.
新来的教师给我们把法语进得生动活泼。
答案：①made a life ②brought French to life
3．keep up坚持；维持；使不低落；继续；持续；沿袭(风俗、传统等)
①The good news keeps our spirits up.
好消息使我们情绪高涨。
②Nobody knows how long the drought will keep up.
没有人知道干旱将持续多长时间。
③Keep up your courage!
鼓足勇气！
④People there still keep up old customs.
那儿的人们仍然沿袭古老的风俗。
知识拓展
keep up your courage/the old customs保持勇气/旧的传统
keep up your spirits打起精神
keep up with跟上，不落后
keep it up保持优异成绩，继续干下去
keep to sth遵守，信守
keep away from避开；远离
keep off勿踩；勿踏
活学活用
(1)完成句子
①The police warned the people around to________ ________ ________(不要靠近)the burning building.
②Things will only work out if we all________ ________the plan.
只有大家执行计划，事情才能成功。
答案：①keep away from ②keep to
(2)Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to ________ his courage.
A. hold up B. keep up
C. set up D. take up
答案：B 本题考查短语动词的用法。句意：独自走在黑暗中，这个男孩吹着口哨来保持勇气。hold up举起， 抬起， 拿起 ；支持， 支撑， 承受住，支持住；拦住， 使停顿， 耽搁 ；keep up (使)不倒下， (使)不下沉 ；保持在高水准上 ；跟上， 赶上；保持不衰退；set up 建起，搭起；take up拿起；抱起 ，占去。根据句意，B项正确。
1.California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.
加利福尼亚是美国的第三大州，却是人口最多的州。
(1)the third largest是序数词修饰最高级，意为“第三大”。形容词或副词的最高级前面可用序数词修饰，表示“第几大/长……”。
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
黄河是中国第二长河。
one of the/among the＋最高级＋名词复数，表示“最……之一”。
China is one of the oldest countries in the world.
中国是世界上最古老的国家之一。
Paris is among the biggest cities in the world.
巴黎是世界上最大的城市之一。
(2)句中的population意为“人口”，还可指“全体居民”。
population作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，但表示“population”中的一部分“成员”时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。
The population is increasing at about 6% per year.
人口以每年约6%的速度增长。
The entire population of the town was at the meeting.
全镇的居民都出席了集会。
The population of Australia is more than two thousand million.
澳大利亚的人口大约是2000多万。
One third of the population of this country are farmers.
这个国家三分之一的人口是农民。
知识拓展
①表示某一地区“有多少人口”用have a population of。
②表示某一地区“人口多或少”用large/small，不用many/few。
③问某一地区“有多少人口”用What is the population of...？/How large is the population of...?
活学活用
(1)Do you know what is ________ river?
A．Africa's second longest
B．the Africa's second longest
C．the second Africa's longest
D．Africa's the second longest
答案：A 句意：你知道非洲第二长河是什么河吗？形容词最高级前有名词所有格Africa's修饰，故不加定冠词the。
(2)The population of Jiangsu ________ to more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is now approaching 74 million.
A．has grown B．have grown
C．grew D．are growing
答案：A 本题考查主谓一致和时态。人口作为一个整体作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。根据句意可知江苏的人口不断增长，是1949年的两倍多，因此应该使用现在完成时。
2．It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world.
加州的与众不同之处也在于它是美国最具多元文化特征的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。
having attracted people from all over the world为现在分词的完成式担任后置定语，修饰名词state，其作用相当于非限制性定语从句which has attracted people from all over the world。分词作定语可分为限制性(紧跟在所修饰的词之后)和非限制性(用逗号与其所修饰的词分开)两种，其作用相当于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
①The funds(which/that have been)raised are mainly used for helping the homeless.
筹集的资金主要用于帮助那些无家可归者。
②The children(who needed)needing medical attention were sent to the nearest hospital immediately.
需要医疗护理的孩子们立即被送进了最近的医院。
③This book，(which is)written in simple English, is suitable for beginners to read.
这本书是使用浅显的英文写的，适合初学者阅读。
④This new book，(which deals with)dealing with West Africa, was written by professor Smith.
这是关于西非的一本新书，是史密斯教授写作的。
活学活用
(1)(2013·山东)________ at the cafeteria before, Tina didn't want to eat there again.
A．Having eaten B．To eat
C．Eat D．Eating
答案：A 本题考查非谓语动词。句意：Tina以前去过这家餐厅，她不想再到那儿吃饭。此处是非谓语动词作状语，根据关键词before可知，此处表示以前的动作，而且与句子的主语之间是主动关系，故用现在分词的完成时态。
(2)用所给动词的适当形式填空
①________(know)the situation well，they dealt with the problem easily.
②________(see)the film twice，I decided to go to the party instead.
答案：①Having known ②Having seen
3．Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.
最早一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在称之为加利福尼亚的地区的，谁也说不清楚。
(1)本句是主从复合句，其中主句是no one really knows, when引导一个宾语从句。本句可写成：No one really knows exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California.
(2)what we now know as California是一个由what引导的名词性从句，作arrive in的宾语。
知识拓展
①名词性从句中what与that的区别：
that在名词性从句中不作成分；what在句中作成分。
What he said sounds reasonable.(what作said的宾语)
That our team has won the game has been proved.(That在主语从句中不作成分)
②名词性从句中what与which的区别：
指代前文已经提到过的对象或范围时，用which，否则用what。
There are many books available. I don't know which to read.(which指的是前文提到的books的其中一本)
What book do you want to buy？(前文没有提及买什么书或哪一类书)
活学活用
(1)(2013·北京)________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
A．That B．What
C．Who D．Which
答案：B 本题考查名词性从句的引导词。句意：使这本书与众不同的是作者的有创造性的想象力。分析结构可知，________ makes the book so extraordinary为主语从句，从句缺少主语，要用what引导。that引导主语从句时，仅仅起连接作用，不作句子成分，但是不能省略；who指人；which引导名词性从句时与what的区别在于它为特指，而what为泛指。故正确答案为B。
(2)Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesn't matter ________you have lived there for a short or a long time.
A. why B. how
C. whether D. when
答案：C 考查名词性从句。句意：村子里的人都很友好，所以你住在那里时间长还是短都没关系。it是形式主语，真正主语是whether引导的名词性从句。
4．However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
然而，可能至少在15000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。
It is likely that...“很有可能……”，it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。
本句型可转化为Sb./Sth.be likely to do...“某人/某物可能干某事”。
It is likely that the weather will be fine.
＝The weather is likely to be fine.
天气可能会很晴朗。
It's likely that she will ring me tonight.
＝She's very likely to ring me tonight.
她今晚很可能给我打电话。
知识拓展
likely可与most，very，quite等连用。
His attempt will be most likely to succeed.
他的尝试很有可能会成功。
比较网站
likely，possible，probable
likely 指从外表、迹象上进行判断有可能发生，既可用人也可以用物作主语，常用句型有：It is likely that...或sb./sth.is likely to...
possible 指客观上有可能，但往往含有希望很小的意味，不能用人作主语，常用句型有：It is possible(for sb.)to do sth.；It is possible that...
probable 可能性比possible大，表示“很可能”，不能用人作主语，可用于It is probable that...句型
活学活用
(1)用likely，possible，probable完成句子
①They are________to be angry with him.
②I will do everything________to help you.
③The home team，far ahead，is the________winner.
答案：①likely ②possible ③probable
(2)句型转换
You are likely to have forgotten all about it.
________________________________________________
答案：It is likely that you have forgotten all about it.
5．In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans.
此外，欧洲人带来了疾病，使许多人染病而死。
(1)本句是一个简单句，过去分词短语brought by the Europeans作后置定语修饰diseases。过去分词短语作定语时通常后置，而单个的过去分词作定语时通常放在被修饰的名词之前。
What's the language spoken in that area?
那个地区讲的是什么语言？
They decided to change the used material.
他们决定改变所用的材料。
(2)本句中in addition意为“此外”，在句中作状语。
A new security system was installed. In addition, extra guards were hired.
新的安全系统已经安装。此外，还多雇了一些保安。
When Diane fell, she hurt her arm and, in addition, broke her glasses.
黛安妮摔倒时，摔伤了胳膊，还摔坏了眼镜。
In addition to giving a general introduction to computer, the course also provides practical experience.
课程除了对电脑知识作一般介绍外，还提供实际操作的机会。
(3)die from死于(事故、灾难等外因)
His grandfather died from an earthquake.
他爷爷死于地震。
Her uncle died from a traffic accident.
她叔叔死于一起交通事故。
图解助记
活学活用
(1)________the names on the list there are six other applicants.
A．In common with B．In addition to
C．Compared to D．Except for
答案：B 句意：除此名单上的名字之外， 还有六个申请人。in addition(to sb./sth.)表示“除……以外(还……)”。
(2 The witnesses ________ by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
A．questioned B．being questioned
C．to be questioned D．having questioned
答案：A 本题考查非谓语动词。句意：被询问的目击者们刚才对打架给出了不同的描述。分析句子成分可知question作the witnesses的定语，两者之间是被动关系，又“目击者是被询问过的”；作定语的非谓语动词中，既表示被动又表示完成意义的，要用过去分词形式。故选A项。B项表示“正在被询问”，C项表示“将要被询问”，D项表示主动强调完成，皆不合题意。
(3)翻译句子
①越来越多的人死于癌症。
________________________________________________
②车祸受害人因伤死亡。
________________________________________________
答案：①More and more people die of cancer.
②The accident victim died from injuries.
6．However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state.
不过，还是有一些人挺过了这些恐怖时期而活下来了。今天住在加利福尼亚的美洲土著人比其他任何州的都要多。
(1)本句中and连接两个并列分句。现在分词短语living in...作定语修饰Native Americans。There be sb. doing sth.表示“有某人在做某事”，相当于sb. be doing sth.。注意v.?ing形式在此作定语。
There are about 25,000 Russian?Americans living in and around San Francisco.
有25000左右的俄裔美国人居住在旧金山或其周围。
There are already people wondering whether we should fight for the right of robots and machines.
已经有人在想我们是否应该为机器人和机器争取权利而战。
(2)本句中survive为及物动词，意为“挺过”；survive作及物动词时还可表示“比……活得时间长”。此外survive还可用作不及物动词，表示“生存，存活，继续存在”。
She is the only person who survived the explosion.
在那次爆炸中她是唯一活下来的人。
She survived her husband by ten years.
丈夫死后她又活了十年。
名师点津
survive本身就表示“从……中逃出，幸免于……”，一般不和from等介词连用。注意下句翻译：只有少数的乘客从那次车祸中幸存下来。
Only a few passengers survived from the accident.(?)
Only a few passengers survived in the accident.(?)
Only a few passengers survived the accident.(√)
活学活用
(1)(2013·山东)The room is empty except for a bookshelf ________ in one corner.
A．standing B．to stand
C．stands D．stood
答案：A 本题考查非谓语动词。句意：除了站立在一个角落的书架之外，这个屋子是空的。此处是非谓语动词作定语，与所修饰的词bookshelf之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式。
(2)Much to our shock, none of the 54 miners were able to ________ the gas blast (爆炸) under the coal mine.
A．live B．survive
C．pass D．save
答案：B 句意：使我们非常震惊的是，那54名矿工没有一个能从煤矿下的煤气爆炸中幸存下来。live作“生存，存活”讲时是不及物动词，后面要接介词。survive可作及物动词，后接宾语；pass意为“通过”，不符合句意；save若改为“be saved in”也可作为答案。
7．The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States.
距离最近因而来得最早的是南美洲人和美国人。
本句是一个简单句，主语是the nearest, and therefore the first；不定式to arrive作后置定语修饰the first；were是连系动词，South Americans and people from the United States作表语；from the United States为后置定语，修饰people。
He is always the first to arrive.
他总是第一个到。
The captain was the last to leave the sinking ship.
船长是最后一个离开那艘正在下沉的船的。
①不定式作定语时，若构成不定式的动词是不及物动词，且与所修饰的名词存在动宾关系，则不定式后应加适当的介词。
He is a pleasant fellow to work with.
他是个很好共事的人。
We have a warm room to live in.
我们有间温暖的屋子可以住。
②若被修饰的词是不定式的逻辑宾语，但不定式的动作并不是句子的主语发出的，不定式需用被动形式。
—Do you have anything to be typed, sir?
——先生，你有东西要打吗？(打字这一动作并不是you发出的，故用不定式的被动式)
—No，thanks.
——没有，谢谢。
活学活用
(1)用所给动词的适当形式填空
①You are the first one________(think)of it.
②The system has the ability________(run)more than one program at the same time.
答案：①to think ②to run
(2)With the world changing fast, we have something new ________ with all by ourselves every day.
A．deal B．dealt
C．to deal D．dealing
答案：C 不定式短语to deal with...在此作后置定语，虽为主动形式，但表示被动意义，we为不定式动作的发出者。
8．By the time California elected to become the thirty?first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.
到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候，它已经是一个有着多种文化的社会了。
by the time“到……时候为止”，引导的状语从句常用一般时态，主句多用完成时态。
By the time we arrived, they had already left.
我们到达时，他们已经离开了。
By the time you arrive home, your father will have left for Shanghai on business.
当你到家的时候，你爸爸将已经出差去上海了。
知识拓展
(1)It/This/That is the first/second/... time (that) sb. has/have done sth.
It is the first time I have heard such a strange story.
这是我第一次听到这种奇怪的故事。
(2)the first time“第一次”，名词短语起连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。
The first time I went abroad, I could hardly understand what the foreigners said.
我第一次出国时，几乎听不懂外国人说话。
活学活用
(1)完成句子
①她到家的时候，她姑姑将已经动身到伦敦去参加一个会议了。
By the time she gets home，her aunt________ ________ ________for London to attend a meeting.
②By the time we arrived，________ ________ ________ ________ ________.(会议已经结束了)
答案：①will have left ②the meeting had been over
(2)Ms Lowden became a teacher in 1991.She________for twenty years by next summer.
A．has taught B．has been teaching
C．will teach D．will have taught
答案：D 题中by next summer表示“截止到明年夏天”，所以应与将来完成时连用。
9．Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail net from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s.
虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始来到(美国)，但是更大批量的中国移民却是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。
本句的核心结构为强调句型：It is/was...that...，强调了主语the building of the rail net from the west to the east coast。强调句型It is/was...that/who...的用法归纳如下：
(1)强调句型可以强调除谓语动词以外的任何句子成份。一般说来，如果被强调部分是人时，用连词that或who；如果被强调部分是物，只能用连词that。强调句型应避免使用when, where, which 等连词。
①It was playing computer games that cost the boy a lot of time he ought to have spent on his lessons.
玩电脑游戏用掉了这个孩子本来应该花在功课上的许多时间。
②It is during his spare time that Tom has been studying the situation for several months.
几个月以来，汤姆一直利用自己的空闲时间研究局势。
(2)that/who后的动词的人称和数的变化要与前面的名词或代词一致。
①It was I who/that was to blame.
该受责备的人是我。
②It was only I who am willing to go to see the film.
愿意去看电影的人只有我。
(3)强调句型的一般疑问句形式：
①Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?
第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗？
②Is it Mr. Li who guided the company through the difficulties?
是李先生带领公司渡过难关的吗？
(4)强调句型的特殊疑问句形式：
①Where is it that you are going for your holidays?
你打算到哪儿去度假？
②How was it that you climb to the top of that building?
你是如何爬上楼顶的？
(5)强调句型中的特殊形式： It is not until...that.../It is because...that...
①It was not until he entered the classroom that he realized that he had forgotten to do the homework.
直到走进教室，他才意识到忘了做作业。
②It was because her mother was ill that she didn't go to work.
是因为她妈妈病了她才没有去上班。
(6)在强调句型中，作主语的关系代词who/that可以省略。
①It is he(that/who)worked out the maths problem.
是他算出了这道数学题。
②It is I (that/who)am teaching them the English song.
是我在教他们唱这首英语歌曲。
活学活用
(1)It was with the help of the local guide ________ the mountain climber was rescued.
A．who B．that
C．when D．how
答案：B 本题考查强调句。句意：是在当地导游的帮助下登山者才被救的。分析结构可知，此处是强调句，强调的是句子的状语with the help of the local guide；由强调句的基本句子结构“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that(强调人可以用who)＋其他”可知B项正确。
(2)It was not until I came here ______ I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
A. who B. that
C. where D. before
答案：B 考查强调句型。句意：直到我来这里我才意识到……；故填that。
(3)单句改错
①It is Kate who told me about it.
________________________________________________
②It was two o'clock that he arrived home last night.
________________________________________________
答案：①is→was ②that→when或was后加at
10．It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.
人们认为，过不了多久，多种民族的混合将会非常大，以至于不可能存在一种主要的种族或者文化群体，而是多种族、多文化的混合体。
it在句子中作形式主语，形成“It(形式主语)＋is＋过去分词＋that从句(真正主语)”句式；It's said/reported/announced/ believed that...“据说/据报道/据宣布/大家认为……”。
It is said that three prisoners broke out of the jail yesterday.
据说，昨天有三个囚犯越狱了。
It is widely believed that the virus originally came from monkeys.
人们普遍认为这种病毒最初来源于猴子。
知识拓展
It's said/reported/announced/believed that...可转化为sb./sth. be said/reported/announced/believed to do...It is reported that the famous scientist is from Canada.
→The famous scientist is reported to be from Canada.
据报道，那位著名的科学家来自加拿大。
注意：用于“It is＋v.?ed＋that...”结构的常见动词还有hope，think，suppose，suggest，require，announce等。
活学活用
________is believed that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger and more prosperous economy.
A．As B．That
C．It D．This
答案：C 句意：人们相信医疗保健水平的提高会使经济更加繁荣昌盛。It is believed that...“人们相信……”是一个习惯用法，it作形式主语，that引导的是主语从句。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Is there any________(办法) of contacting him?
2．Most of the students are in the 17?20 age________(范围)．
3．Those who favour the proposal are in the________(大多数)．
4．Statistics________(表明) that the world population has doubled.
5．It was becoming________(明显的) to me that she didn't like me.
6．He made a lot of money during the property________(繁荣)．
7．A new law has been brought in to discourage________(种族) prejudice.
8．Tom was________(推选) chairman, for he is hardworking and responsible.
9．A strong man will bear________(困苦) without complaining.
10．We have only a small________(百分率) of foreign books.
答案：1.means 2.range 3.majority 4.indicate 5.apparent 6.boom 7.racial 8.elected 9.hardship
10．percentage
Ⅱ.用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空
1．The kids used to live in a small village. It took them almost a year to________in a large city.
2．Jerry could not________and dropped out of the race.
3．________the storm stopped and the exploration team continued on its way.
4．________， friendship can enrich our life and broaden our outlook.
5．He will die，but his fame will________after him.
6．She tried to explain________sign language，but we still couldn't understand what she meant.
7. Many Jewish people________the Lower East Side.
8．________the old one in energy?saving, our new model is superior.
9．We hope to cooperate with friends________.
10．________the ambulance had arrived，a crowd of onlookers had gathered.
答案：1.make a life 2.keep up 3.Before long 4.In addition 5.live on 6.by means of 7.settled in 8.Compared with 9.all over the world 10.By the time
Ⅲ.课文概述
根据课文内容进行填空，每空限填一词。
California, the third largest state in the USA, has the__1__of being multicultural. The Native Americans are believed to have crossed the Bering__2__to America by__3__of a land bridge. In the 18th century, the Spanish began to settle in California. Then from the year 1848, some gold miners came to this place to__4__a life, despite great__5__. By the year 1850 when California was__6__as the thirty?first__7__state of the USA, it was multicultural. Today, Chinese?Americans are living in all parts of California,
although a large__8__of them have chosen the“Chinatowns”. Other immigrants such as__9__， mainly fishermen as well as wine makers, arrived in California in the late 19th century. Most recently, more people from Asia have settled here. And in future, there will be no distinct major__10__or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.
1．________2.________3.________4.________
5．________6.________7.________8.________
9．________10.________
答案：1.distinction 2.Strait 3.means 4.make 5.hardship 6.elected 7.federal 8.percentage 9.Italians
10．racial