Unit 2 Cloning Grammar 名词性从句课件（25张PPT）
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| 名称 | Unit 2 Cloning Grammar 名词性从句课件（25张PPT） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2019-12-15 15:25:02 | ||
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(共25张PPT)
Grammar
名词性从句
Unit 2 Cloning
Noun Clauses
subjective clause
主语从句
objective clause
宾语从句
predicative clause
表语从句
appositive clause
同位语从句
名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同位语从句。
1. What it was to become was a mystery.
2. I don’t know who will help Henry to win the bet.
3. His trouble is that he doesn’t know anybody in London.
4. The fact that ships can go there surprises many people.
主语从句
宾语从句
表语从句
同位语从句
1、宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。引导宾语从句词有连词that，if，whether；连接代词who，whose，what，which；连接副词when，where，how， why等。
e.g.
(1) I think (that) women can reach very high achievements
in many fields of science.
(2) I wonder whether/if she remembered how many babies
she had delivered.
(3) Do you know who/whom Jack was speaking to?
总结:
2.注意点
1).宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序.
2).引导宾语从句的连词that无实际意义,多数情况下可以省略.
3).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句
但: (1).当whether后紧跟or not时,不用if.
(2).介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.
例: I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.
1.宾语从句的引导词:
宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相同.
例: I don’t know whether I will stay or not.
4). that在宾语从句中的省略与保留
由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第一个that 可以省略,第二that不能省.
He told me (that) he would come and that he would come on time.
e.g. Tom is no longer what he used to be.
The question is which of us should come first.
The problem is who is really fit for the hard job.
The important thing is whose name should be put on the top of the list.
2、表语从句
表语从句在复合句中起表语作用.引导宾语从句词有连词that，what, which, who, whom, whose等.除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在从句中从当主语、表语、定语，且各有各的词义。
2.注意点
1). 表语从句一律用陈述句的语序.
2).表语从句的引导词that无实际意义,但不能省略.
3).表语从句只能用whether,而不能用if 引导.
What many people are worried about is whether we will be able to build a better future.
The reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road.
The reason why + 句子 be that + 从句.
for +名词
今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多.
错误
The reason why he was late this morning
is that there was a lot of traffic on the road.
或 This / it /that/ is because + 从句…等句型.
He was late this morning. That was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.
3、主语从句
做主语用的名词性从句，因其在复合句中做主语，又称主语从句，引导主语从句的有连词that ，whether， 连接代词who ，what ，which， 连接副词when，where， how， why等。
e.g. That she left him cut him to the heart.
What seems easy to some people
seems difficult to others.
Whether it will please them is not easy to say.
2.总结:
1).主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓
语在后.
2).连接词that在从句中无实际意义,起引导作用, 不作任何成分,但不能省略.
When will he come is not known.
错误
When he will come is not known.
He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.
错误
That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true.
但是 what is the matter 和 what is wrong 不可改变语序
3).whether可以引导主语从句 解释为”是否”,但if不能.
4).whoever, whatever, whichever等词可以引导主语从句, 但no matter who, no matter what 等不能,它们只能引导让步状语从句.
5).为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.
例: It is well known/reported/thought/said/… that…
It is clear/necessary/certain/true/doubtful/… that…
It is a pity/a shame/an honour/… that…
It doesn’t matter whether…/It seems that…
It happens that…
4、同位语从句
同位语从句属于名词性从句，大多由从属连词that引导，常常跟在fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark, hope, belief等名词后面。同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容，在逻辑上表现为同为关系。
e.g. They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms.
Where did you get the idea that I could not come.
The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule should be adopted.
注意
1.that引导的同位语从句前面的名词常见的有:idea, fact, news, belief, thought, doubt, suggestion, proof, message, order, conclusion, desire, theory, truth, word, hope, information等.
2.that 在从句中只是起引导作用, 不作任何成分.
1.I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn’t matter ______that I’m talking
A. who is it B. who it is
C. it is who D. it is whom
高考链接
【试析】这个句子是一个由and连接的并列句。And后是一个含有主语从句的结构，其主句部分是it doesn’t matter, 主语从句则是who it is that I’m talking to.而在主语从句中，又有一个定语从句，修饰who. Who既是一个引导词，也在it is中作表语.如果再细一点，说who是 (talking) to的介词宾语也可以。
2. It is pretty well understood ___ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. A. that B. when C. what D. how
【试析】主语从句中缺少做主语的成分，故选C.
3. _____ made the school proud was______ more than 90％ of the students had been admitted to key universities.
A. What; because B. What ; that
C. That ; what D. That ; because
【试析】what 在此作连接代词，引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。that引导主语从句时，只起引导作用，不作任何成分.
4.When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly_______ he wants .
A. what B. which C. when D. that
【试析】这是一个宾语从句,wants后面缺少宾语,Always give the monkey exactly what he wants是一句谚语,意思是"永远给予他人他确实想要的东西"。故答案为A。
5.---Are you still thinking about yesterday's game? ---Oh, that’s_______ .
A. what makes me feel excited
B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it
D. when I feel excited
【试析】这是由what 引导的一个表语从句，在从句中充当主语，这句话的意思为：那是使我感到兴奋的事。故答案为A。
一、同位语从句与定语 从句的相似之处
1、两种从句都可以译成定语
e.g.
The news that our team has won the final match
is encouraging. （同位语从句）
我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。
The news that you told us is really encouraging.
（定语从句）你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。
2、两种从句都可以用that引导
e.g.
The suggestion that students should learn
something practical is worth considering.
（同位语从句）
学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。
The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.
（定语从句）
值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。
二、同位语从句与定语 从句的不同之处
1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步
说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、
限定前面的名词。
e.g. The news that our team has won the final match
is encouraging. （从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。）
The news that you told us is really encouraging.
（从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）
2、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。
e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test.（that 不充当任何成分）
2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children.
（that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。）
II. Choose the best answer
1.They expressed the hope ___they would come over to China.
A. which B. that C. whom D. when
2.The fact___ he didn’t see Tom yesterday is true.
A. that B. which C. when D. what
3.I have no idea ____he will come back.
A. where B. when C. what D. that
II. Choose the best answer
4.The news ___ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false.
A. that B. when C. what D. how
5.One of the men held the view ___ the book said was right.
A. what that B. that which
C. that what D. which that
6.Word has come ___ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.
A. what B. whether c. that D. which
Grammar
名词性从句
Unit 2 Cloning
Noun Clauses
subjective clause
主语从句
objective clause
宾语从句
predicative clause
表语从句
appositive clause
同位语从句
名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同位语从句。
1. What it was to become was a mystery.
2. I don’t know who will help Henry to win the bet.
3. His trouble is that he doesn’t know anybody in London.
4. The fact that ships can go there surprises many people.
主语从句
宾语从句
表语从句
同位语从句
1、宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。引导宾语从句词有连词that，if，whether；连接代词who，whose，what，which；连接副词when，where，how， why等。
e.g.
(1) I think (that) women can reach very high achievements
in many fields of science.
(2) I wonder whether/if she remembered how many babies
she had delivered.
(3) Do you know who/whom Jack was speaking to?
总结:
2.注意点
1).宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序.
2).引导宾语从句的连词that无实际意义,多数情况下可以省略.
3).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句
但: (1).当whether后紧跟or not时,不用if.
(2).介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.
例: I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.
1.宾语从句的引导词:
宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相同.
例: I don’t know whether I will stay or not.
4). that在宾语从句中的省略与保留
由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第一个that 可以省略,第二that不能省.
He told me (that) he would come and that he would come on time.
e.g. Tom is no longer what he used to be.
The question is which of us should come first.
The problem is who is really fit for the hard job.
The important thing is whose name should be put on the top of the list.
2、表语从句
表语从句在复合句中起表语作用.引导宾语从句词有连词that，what, which, who, whom, whose等.除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在从句中从当主语、表语、定语，且各有各的词义。
2.注意点
1). 表语从句一律用陈述句的语序.
2).表语从句的引导词that无实际意义,但不能省略.
3).表语从句只能用whether,而不能用if 引导.
What many people are worried about is whether we will be able to build a better future.
The reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road.
The reason why + 句子 be that + 从句.
for +名词
今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多.
错误
The reason why he was late this morning
is that there was a lot of traffic on the road.
或 This / it /that/ is because + 从句…等句型.
He was late this morning. That was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.
3、主语从句
做主语用的名词性从句，因其在复合句中做主语，又称主语从句，引导主语从句的有连词that ，whether， 连接代词who ，what ，which， 连接副词when，where， how， why等。
e.g. That she left him cut him to the heart.
What seems easy to some people
seems difficult to others.
Whether it will please them is not easy to say.
2.总结:
1).主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓
语在后.
2).连接词that在从句中无实际意义,起引导作用, 不作任何成分,但不能省略.
When will he come is not known.
错误
When he will come is not known.
He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.
错误
That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true.
但是 what is the matter 和 what is wrong 不可改变语序
3).whether可以引导主语从句 解释为”是否”,但if不能.
4).whoever, whatever, whichever等词可以引导主语从句, 但no matter who, no matter what 等不能,它们只能引导让步状语从句.
5).为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.
例: It is well known/reported/thought/said/… that…
It is clear/necessary/certain/true/doubtful/… that…
It is a pity/a shame/an honour/… that…
It doesn’t matter whether…/It seems that…
It happens that…
4、同位语从句
同位语从句属于名词性从句，大多由从属连词that引导，常常跟在fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark, hope, belief等名词后面。同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容，在逻辑上表现为同为关系。
e.g. They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms.
Where did you get the idea that I could not come.
The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule should be adopted.
注意
1.that引导的同位语从句前面的名词常见的有:idea, fact, news, belief, thought, doubt, suggestion, proof, message, order, conclusion, desire, theory, truth, word, hope, information等.
2.that 在从句中只是起引导作用, 不作任何成分.
1.I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn’t matter ______that I’m talking
A. who is it B. who it is
C. it is who D. it is whom
高考链接
【试析】这个句子是一个由and连接的并列句。And后是一个含有主语从句的结构，其主句部分是it doesn’t matter, 主语从句则是who it is that I’m talking to.而在主语从句中，又有一个定语从句，修饰who. Who既是一个引导词，也在it is中作表语.如果再细一点，说who是 (talking) to的介词宾语也可以。
2. It is pretty well understood ___ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. A. that B. when C. what D. how
【试析】主语从句中缺少做主语的成分，故选C.
3. _____ made the school proud was______ more than 90％ of the students had been admitted to key universities.
A. What; because B. What ; that
C. That ; what D. That ; because
【试析】what 在此作连接代词，引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。that引导主语从句时，只起引导作用，不作任何成分.
4.When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly_______ he wants .
A. what B. which C. when D. that
【试析】这是一个宾语从句,wants后面缺少宾语,Always give the monkey exactly what he wants是一句谚语,意思是"永远给予他人他确实想要的东西"。故答案为A。
5.---Are you still thinking about yesterday's game? ---Oh, that’s_______ .
A. what makes me feel excited
B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it
D. when I feel excited
【试析】这是由what 引导的一个表语从句，在从句中充当主语，这句话的意思为：那是使我感到兴奋的事。故答案为A。
一、同位语从句与定语 从句的相似之处
1、两种从句都可以译成定语
e.g.
The news that our team has won the final match
is encouraging. （同位语从句）
我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。
The news that you told us is really encouraging.
（定语从句）你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。
2、两种从句都可以用that引导
e.g.
The suggestion that students should learn
something practical is worth considering.
（同位语从句）
学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。
The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.
（定语从句）
值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。
二、同位语从句与定语 从句的不同之处
1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步
说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、
限定前面的名词。
e.g. The news that our team has won the final match
is encouraging. （从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。）
The news that you told us is really encouraging.
（从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）
2、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。
e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test.（that 不充当任何成分）
2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children.
（that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。）
II. Choose the best answer
1.They expressed the hope ___they would come over to China.
A. which B. that C. whom D. when
2.The fact___ he didn’t see Tom yesterday is true.
A. that B. which C. when D. what
3.I have no idea ____he will come back.
A. where B. when C. what D. that
II. Choose the best answer
4.The news ___ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false.
A. that B. when C. what D. how
5.One of the men held the view ___ the book said was right.
A. what that B. that which
C. that what D. which that
6.Word has come ___ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.
A. what B. whether c. that D. which