（新教材）高中英语外研版必修第一册 Unit 2　Exploring English（课件+学案）

　Unit 2　Exploring English
导读：这首歌为电影《泰坦尼克号》的片尾曲，曾使席琳·迪翁(Celine Dion)在第41届格莱美颁奖仪式上独拿两项大奖，并获得第70届奥斯卡最佳电影歌曲奖。该曲在全球取得了名副其实的战绩，封顶各国单曲排行榜榜首，并成为全球最畅销单曲之一，全球销量过千万。席琳也因这首主题曲而为全世界歌迷所熟知，并一度创下每3秒钟便卖出一张专辑的纪录。
My Heart Will Go On
Every night in my ①dreams
I see you，I feel you
That is how I know you go on
Far across the distance
And spaces ②between us
You have come to show you go on
Near far ③wherever you are
I believe that the heart does go on
Once more you open the door
And you’re here in my heart
And my heart will go on and on
④Love can touch us one time
And last for a lifetime
And never let go till we’re gone
Love was when I loved you
One true time I hold to
In my life we’ll always go on
Near far wherever you are
I believe that the heart does go on
Once more you ⑤open the door
And you’re here in my heart
And my heart will go on and on
You’re here there’s nothing I fear
And I know that my heart will go on
We’ll stay ⑥forever this way
You are safe in my heart
And my heart will ⑦go__on and on
我心永恒
每晚的梦中
我都见到你，感觉到你
这就是我如何知道你会坚持不懈的
穿越距离
穿越时空
你到来向我诉说你会坚持不懈
无论远近，无论天涯海角
我坚信我们的爱永无止境
再一次你打开了我的心扉
走进了我的内心
我心永恒
爱感动了你我
并将持续一生
直到我们死亡
爱就是我爱上你的那一刻
我真正想抓住的时候
我们的爱将永不止息
无论远近，无论天涯海角
我坚信我们的爱永无止境
再一次你打开了我的心扉
走进了我的内心
我心永恒
有你在，我无惧
我知道我心永恒
我们将永不分离
你在我心里安然无恙
我心永恒

Part Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
Neither Pine nor Apple in Pineapple
Have you ever asked yourself (1)why people often have trouble learning English? I hadn’t, until one day my five-year-old son asked me (2)whether there was ham in a hamburger.There isn’t.This made me realize (3)that there’s no egg in eggplant either.(4)Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.This got me thinking (5)how English can be a crazy language to learn.
For example, in our free time we can sculpt a sculpture and paint a painting, but we take a photo.And (6)when we are traveling we say that we are in the car or the taxi, but on the train or bus! (7)While we’re doing all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car, but we don’t get homesick (8)when we get back home.And speaking of home, why aren’t homework and housework the same thing?
(9)If “hard” is the opposite of “ soft”， why are “hardly” and softly not an opposing pair? (10)If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions, why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same?
(11)When we look out of the window and see rain or snow, we can say “it’s raining” or “it’s snowing”.But (12)when we see sunshine, we can’t say “it’s sunshining”.
Even the smallest of words can be confusing.(13)When you see the capitalized “WHO” in a medical report, do you read it as the “who” in “Who’s that？” What about “IT” and “US”？
You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language (14)in which a house can burn up as it burns down, (15)in which you fill in a form by filling it out, and (16)in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off!
English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race.(17)That is why when the stars are out, they are visible , but when the lights are out, they are invisible.And that is why when I wind up my watch, it starts, but when I wind up this passage, it ends.
(1)why引导宾语从句，why在从句中作原因状语，意为“为什么”。
(2)whether引导宾语从句，在从句中不作成分，意为“是否”。
(3)that引导宾语从句，that在从句中不作成分，也不表示任何意义，可以省略。
(4)neither...or...既不……也不……，neither置于句首，句子要部分倒装。
(5)how引导宾语从句，在从句中作方式状语，意为“怎么，如何”。
(6)(8)(11)(12)(13)when引导时间状语从句。
(7)while引导时间状语从句。
(9)(10)if引导条件状语从句。
(14)(15)(16)in which引导定语从句，均修饰language。
(17)This is why...“这就是为什么……，这就是……的原因”，why后接表示结果的句子；but连接并列复合句。
①have trouble (in) doing sth＝have difficulty (in) doing sth做某事有困难
②ham n.火腿
③hamburger n.汉堡包
④eggplant n.茄子
⑤pine n.松树
⑥pineapple n.菠萝
⑦sculpt v.雕刻，雕塑
⑧sculpture n.雕刻作品，雕像
⑨seasick adj.晕船的
⑩airsick adj.晕机的
?carsick adj.晕车的
?homesick adj.想家的
?speak of...谈起，提到(引入最近谈到过的一个话题)
?opposite n.对立面，对立物，相反的人/事物 adj.对面的，相对的，对立的
?opposing adj.相反的，对立的
?harmless adj.无害的，不致伤的
?harmful adj.(尤指对健康或环境)有害的，导致损害的
?shameless adj.无耻的，不知羞耻的
?shameful adj.可耻的，丢脸的
?behavior n.举止，行为
sunshine n.阳光
confusing adj.令人困惑的
capitalized adj.大写的
medical adj.医学的，医疗的
wonder v.惊奇，想知道
unique adj.独一无二的，独特的
burn up 烧毁，烧尽
burn down (建筑物)(被)烧毁
fill in填(写)，填补，代替，淤塞
form n.表格，形式 v.形成
fill out填写(表格等)
alarm n.警报器，闹钟
reflect v.显示，反映
creativity n.创造性，创造力
visible adj.看得见的，可见的
invisible adj.看不见的
wind v.摇动(把手等)，上发条
wind up摇动(把手等)；使(活动，会议等)结束
Step Ⅰ　General reading
Match each part with its main idea.
Para.1　 　A.Give some examples to discuss the topic.
Paras.2～6 B.Conclude the topic of the text.
Paras.7～8 C.Lead to the topic of the text.
答案　Para.1—C　Paras.2～6—A　Paras.7～8—B
Step Ⅱ　Factual reading
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1.What is the structure of the text?
2.How does the author support his/her idea in the text?
A.By listing numbers.
B.By making comparison.
C.By giving some examples.
D.By using some research results.
3.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A.To explain how English was created.
B.To give advice on how to learn English.
C.To tell us that English is very difficult to learn.
D.To show that English is interesting and creative.
4.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the text?
A.When we see rain, we can say it’s raining.
B.When we see the capitalized “WHO” in a medical report, we can read it as the “who” in “Who’s that？”.
C.Harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions.
D.We can see the stars when they are out.
5.What do the two phrases wind up mean in the last sentence?
A.They both mean “turn a handle”.
B.They both mean “finish or stop doing sth”.
C.The first means “turn a handle”， the second means “finish or stop doing sth”.
D.The first means “finish or stop doing sth”， the second means “turn a handle”.
答案　1.D　2.C　3.D　4.B　5.C
Step Ⅲ　Cloze test
Fill in the blanks according to the text.
Have you ever asked 1.yourself (you) why people often have trouble 2.learning (learn) English? I hadn’t, until one day my five-year-old son asked me 3.whether there was ham in a hamburger or not.This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language 4.to__learn (learn).
Even the smallest of words can be 5.confusing (confuse).You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in 6.which a house can burn up as it burns down, and in which an alarm 7.is__heard (hear) once it goes off!
English 8.was__invented (invent) by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race.That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the 9.lights (light) are out, they are invisible.And that is why when I wind up my watch, it starts, 10.but when I wind up this passage, it ends.
Ⅰ.词汇语境认知——写出语境中加黑单词或短语的意义
1.Water is the opposing force to fire.相反的，对立的
2.The students began to feel homesick after they had been away from home for only a month.想家的
3.You will likely feel seasick on your first trip at sea.晕船的
4.Each of us is unique and we have come down to the world to develop our own beautiful gifts.独一无二的
5.I normally wake up about five minutes after my alarm clock goes off.闹钟
6.I hate travelling by air because I get horribly airsick.晕机的
7.The title of the book should be interesting and attractive.题目，标题
Ⅱ.单词语境记忆——根据英汉提示写出单词的适当形式
1.I like the jobs which are challenging and creative (create).
2.Many stars overhead are invisible (看不见的)to the naked eye.
3.Her behavior (behave)at the party was completely out of character.
4.On seeing this wonderful sculpture (sculpt), everyone present let out a cry of surprise.
5.Your facial expression can reflect (反映)your real feelings.
6.His writing is so confusing (confuse) that it is difficult to make out what she wants to express.
7.The first letter in a sentence should be capitalized (大写的).
Ⅲ.短语语境填空——根据汉语提示写出适当的短语
1.In__my__free__time (在我的空余时间), I like surfing online and listen to music.
2.Speaking__of (当谈到) money, it’s important but it’s not everything.
3.If you walk home, your body will burn__up (消耗)about 100 calories of energy.
4.I can look__out__of (向……外看) the kitchen window while doing the dishes and see the flowers.
5.The speaker will soon wind__up (结束)his speech.
6.They gave us each student a form to fill__in (填写).
1.opposite adj.相反的，相对的，对立的，对面的n.对立面，对立物prep.在……对面/对过adv.在对面，在对过
·If “hard” is the opposite of “soft”， why are “hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair？(教材P15)如果hard(坚硬的)是soft(柔软的)的反义词，为什么hardly(几乎不)和softly(柔软地)不是一对反义词呢？
?写出下列句中opposite的词性及词义
①She tried calming him down but it seemed to be having the opposite effect.adj.相反的
②Hot and cold are opposites.n.对立面，对立物
③I sat opposite him during the meal.prep.在……对面/对过
④There’s a newly married couple living opposite.adv.在对面
·My father is a very calm person, but my mother is just the opposite.
我的父亲是一个非常镇静的人，而我的母亲恰恰相反。
?补全句子
⑤The result was__opposite__to what we had expected.
结果和我们所期望的大为相反。
⑥Mary is very generous, but her sister is just__the__opposite.
玛丽很慷慨，可她妹妹却正好相反。
用法总结
be opposite to 　 在……对面；与……相反
just the opposite 恰恰相反
词块积累
the opposite sex 异性
the opposite meaning 相反的意思
in the opposite direction 在相反的方向
2.confusing adj.令人困惑的，难以理解的
·Even the smallest of words can be confusing.(教材P15)
即使是最小的单词也会令人困惑。
·I think it’s a serious mistake to confuse work with life.
我认为把工作同生活混为一谈是大错特错。
·I love learning new words, but I am confused about how to remember them well.我喜欢学习新单词，但是我对如何记忆单词感到困惑不解。
·He looked at me in confusion and did not answer the question.
他困惑地看着我并没有回答这个问题。
?介词填空
①You should not confuse your career with your life.
②I am still a bit confused about what happened.
?用confuse的适当形式填空
They ③confused me by asking so many ④confusing questions.I was totally ⑤confused,__standing there in ⑥confusion,__not knowing what to do.
单词一族
confuse vt.　 使迷惑，混淆
confused adj. 困惑的
confusion n. 混乱，困惑
用法总结
confuse...with/and... 把……和……混淆
be confused about sth 对某事迷惑不解
in confusion 困惑地，混乱地
3.reflect vt.反映；反射(声、光、热等)；显示；表达；沉思
·English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race.(教材P15)
英语是人而不是电脑发明的，它反映了人类的创造力。
?写出下列句中reflect的含义
①Her facial expression reflected how she really felt.反映
②Our newspaper aims to reflect the views of the local community.表达
③Before I decide, I need time to reflect.沉思
·The manager needed more time to reflect on/upon what to do.
经理需要更多的时间来思考做什么。
·On reflection, we decided to change our plan.经考虑后，我们决定改变计划。
?单句语法填空/补全句子
④His face was__reflected (reflect) in the big mirror when he passed by.
⑤Your clothes are often a reflection (reflect) of your personality.
⑥On dark nights children should wear reflective (reflect) clothing.
⑦At first I thought it was a bad idea, but on__reflection I realized she was right.最初我认为那是个坏主意，但经再三思考，我认识到她是对的。
单词一族
reflection n.　反映；映像；沉思，深思
reflective adj. (指人、心情等)深思熟虑的；(指物体表面)反光的
用法总结
reflect on/upon sth 认真思考……
on/upon reflection 经再三思考
1.have trouble (in) doing sth做某事有困难
·Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English?
(教材P14)你有没有问过自己为什么人们在学习英语时经常遇到困难？
?单句语法填空/补全句子
①I never have trouble in sleeping (sleep) in a strange place.
②Whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers always help us patiently.
③I have__trouble/difficulty/problems__in__communicating__with foreigners.
我与外国人交流有困难。
短语记牢
(1)have trouble/difficulty/problems (in) doing sth做某事有困难/麻烦
(2)have trouble/difficulty/problems with sth在某方面有麻烦或有困难
2.look out of从……往外看
·When we look out of the window and see rain or snow, we can say “it’s raining” or “it’s snowing”.(教材P15)当我们看到窗外下雨或下雪时，我们可以说it’s raining(正在下雨)或it’s snowing(正在下雪)。
?用look相关短语的适当形式填空
①If you look__out__of the window on the left of the bus, you’ll see that we’re now approaching the Tower of London.
②When I looked__back__at those days, I was very sad.
③We shouldn’t look__down__upon/on the disabled；on the contrary, we should help them.
④It is reported that the police will soon look__into the case of two missing children.
⑤I looked__through today’s newspaper but I found nothing important.
短语记牢
look out　当心(不及物动词短语)
look out for 当心，注意(及物动词短语)
look back at/on 回忆，回顾
look down on/upon 看不起，轻视
look into 调查
look through 翻阅，查找
look up to 尊敬
3.burn down烧毁，烧掉(多指建筑物被烧塌)
·You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down...(教材P15)
你也不得不对一种语言的独特疯狂感到惊奇。在这种语言中，房子可以在burns down(被烧毁)时burn up(烧毁)……
?补全句子
①A number of houses were__burnt__down in the fire.
在火灾中，有许多房子被烧毁了。
②Brisk walking burns__up more calories than slow jogging.
快走比慢跑能消耗更多的热量。
③The fire had__burnt__out before the fire engines arrived.
在消防车到达之前，火已经熄灭了。
④At least nine houses were__burned__to__the__ground in the big fire last week.
在上周的这场大火中，至少九座房子被烧为平地。
短语记牢
burn up　烧光，烧尽(多指东西被烧掉)；(通过锻炼)消耗(热能)
burn out 烧坏；燃尽；耗尽体力
burn sth to the ground 将……烧成平地
1.Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.(教材P14)菠萝中既没有松树也没有苹果。
【分析】 本句中neither...nor...意为“既不……也不……”，其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成分。
【总结】 neither...nor...的用法：
(1)neither...nor...连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数应和临近的主语一致，遵循“就近原则”。
(2) neither可以单独作主语，表示“两者中没有一个”。
(3)表示“一个人没有做某事，另一个人也没做同一类事”时，可用neither或nor引起的部分倒装句进行简略回答，其结构为：Neither/Nor＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语。
·Neither dad nor mum is at home today.今天父母都不在家。
·Neither of them likes football.他们俩都不喜欢足球。
·They didn’t go to the park yesterday.Neither/Nor did we.
昨天他们没去公园，我们也没去。
单句语法填空
①Neither his parents nor he likes (like) eating meat.
补全句子
②—I have never been to New York yet.
—Neither/Nor__have__I(我也没去过).
句型转换
③The parents were not satisfied with the result and their son wasn’t either.
→Neither the parents nor their son was satisfied with the result.
2.That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible.(教材P15)
这就是为什么星星出来时是看得见的，灯灭了是看不见的。
【分析】 本句中That is why...意为“这就是……的原因”；why引导表语从句，表示结果；That指代上文提到的事实。
【拓展】 其他相关句型：
(1) This/That is/was why...这/那就是……的原因(why引导表语从句，表示结果)
(2)That/It is/was because...这/那是因为……(because引导表语从句，表示原因)
(3)The reason why...is/was that...……的原因是……(why引导定语从句并在从句中做状语；that引导表语从句，表示原因)
He fell off a tall tree.That was why he hurt his leg.
＝He hurt his leg.That was because he fell off a tall tree.
＝The reason why he hurt his leg was that he fell off a tall tree.
他从一棵很高的树上摔下来。那就是他弄伤腿的原因。
单句语法填空
①He’s more of a talker than a doer.This is why he never finishes anything.
②From space, the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
句型转换
③Tom came late for the meeting because he was ill.
→ Tom was ill.That was why he came late for the meeting.
→Tom came late for the meeting.That was because he was ill.
→The reason why Tom came late for the meeting was that he was ill.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Smoking is extremely harmful (harm) to your health.
2.She is satisfied with the children’s good behavior (behave).
3.Don’t believe him! What he says is opposite to what he does.
4.Neither Jim nor Jack is (be) at home today.
5.The trees along the lake are__reflected (reflect) in the water.
6.Eyes raised, I see the moon so bright; Head bent, in homesickness (homesick) I am drowned.
7.Though I had explained many times, he was still confused (confuse) about it.
8.Have you asked yourself (you) what you really want?
9.Think it over and let me know whether you agree with me.
10.Children are full of imagination and creativity (create).
Ⅱ.选词填空
burn up，fill in，have trouble，look out of，wind up，neither...nor...，in sb’s free time，speak of
1.She is such a shy girl that sometimes she has__trouble communicating with strangers.
2.He’s French，so he can neither speak nor write Chinese.
3.I like reading and listening to music in__my__free__time.
4.Speaking__of the bicycle, some people think it is out of date in many big cities.
5.Look__out__of the window! It’s snowing.
6.Most of the woodland has now been burnt__up.
7.Please fill__in this form, giving your name, age and address.
8.If we all agree，let’s wind__up the discussion.
Ⅲ.补全句子
1.Neither__his__family__nor__he__has__been there before.
他全家人和他都没去过那儿。
2.No__wonder they look the same, they are twins!
难怪他们看起来那么像，他们是双胞胎啊！
3.The__reason__why__he__was__late__was__that his bike was broken.
他迟到的原因是他的自行车坏了。
4.My view is__opposite__to yours.
我的看法和你的相反。
5.I’m not quite sure whether__you__are__right.
我不太确定你是否正确。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Life affects(影响) friendships.As we grow, marry, fight in wars, move across the country or change jobs, old friendships fall away and new ones form.As long as we live, the things around us change, and as long as things change, friendships are affected.
When we were children, we had best friends.No matter what happened, we were still friends.We live our lives, however, and do what life calls for us to do, and as we get older, memories fade (逐渐消失), faces blur (变得模糊不清), and even friends’ names from childhood are forgotten.
Do you have a question about friendship? Do you wonder what to do with a friend who is no longer friendly? Perhaps you will see that you can’t control others.If someone wants to be your friend, it is their choice.All you can do is treat them well and do the best for them when you are with them.Then you wish them well when they leave.
You can talk to old__timers and they will tell you that life is full of incredible(难以置信的) joy and incredible sorrow, and that what bothers you today will one day become a memory and the sting(痛苦) will be gone.Seniors might tell you that you will learn more as you get older.They will tell you that friendships come and that friendships go.Sometimes when they go, it will hurt, but you will be okay with it.It’s the way life works, after all.
【语篇解读】　只要我们活着，周围的事情就会不断发生变化，只要事情发生变化，友情便有可能受到影响。
1.What can we learn about friendship according to the text?
A.Friendship can not be easily affected by one’s family.
B.Friends are always around us and will never go away.
C.Friends in childhood are the best no matter what happens.
D.Friends in childhood are sometimes forgotten by us.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的We live our lives...and even friends’ names from childhood are forgotten.可知，随着时间的流逝，童年时期的朋友有时候可能会被忘记。故选D。]
2.What does the underlined words “old timers” mean in the last paragraph?
A.Old people. B.Kind people.
C.Rich people. D.Smart people.
答案　A　[词义猜测题。根据第四段中出现的Seniors might tell...可知，old timers意为“老资格的人；老前辈”。故选A。]
3.The text mainly tells us ________.
A.how to face the changes in friendship
B.how to deal with unfriendly people
C.that childhood friendship is valuable
D.how to share happiness with friends
答案　A　[主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句可知，只要我们活着，周围的事物就会不断发生变化，而这种变化同样也会影响我们的友情。再结合后面的段落内容可知，本文主要介绍的是如何应对友情的变化。故选A。]
4.The text is most probably taken from a ________.
A.science newspaper B.novel
C.psychology book D.health magazine
答案　C　[文章出处题。全文围绕友情的变化展开，主要是对人际关系的探讨，所以最应该出现在与心理学有关的书中。故选C。]
B
MySpace，the social networking website，is different from other websites which only provide stories about other people.MySpace is a place that allows you to broadcast your own stories and personal information to as many people as you like.Started two years ago，it is a big source of information for and about American kids.
Teenagers and their parents feel very different about it.Teens are rushing to join the site，not sharing their parents’ worries.It signals yet another generation gap in the digital era.
For teenagers，it is a reliable network to keep in touch with their friends.They will often list their surnames，birthdays，after-school jobs，school clubs，hobbies and other personal information.
“MySpace is an easy way to reach just about everyone.I don’t have all the phone numbers of my acquaintances.But if I want to get in touch with one of them，I could just leave them a message on MySpace，” said Abby Van Wassen.She is a 16-year-old student at Woodland Hills High of Pittsburgh，Pennsylvania.
Parents on the other hand are seriously concerned about the security problems of MySpace.
“Every__time__we__hold__a__parents’__meeting，the__first__question__is__always__about__MySpace，” said Kent Gates，who travels the country doing Internet safety seminars (研讨会).The National Centre for Missing and Exploited Children has received at least 288 MySpace-related complaints，according to Mary Beth Buchanan，a lawyer in Pittsburgh.
“Your profile on MySpace shows all your personal information to anyone on the Web.And MySpace even lists this information by birthplace and age.It’s like a free checklist for trouble-makers and it endangers children，” Buchanan said.
5.From the passage，we can learn that MySpace ________.
A.brings about the generation gap
B.is very careful about people’s privacy
C.encourages you to list your personal information
D.lists the telephone numbers of your friends
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“MySpace is a place that allows you to broadcast your own stories and personal information to as many people as you like.”可知答案。]
6.What can we infer from “Every time we hold a parents’ meeting，the first question is always about MySpace？”
A.MySpace has become a top issue troubling parents.
B.MySpace often holds parents’ meetings.
C.MySpace is quite popular with parents.
D.Parents have lots of questions about the website.
答案　A　[推理判断题。根据画线句上一段“Parents on the other hand are seriously concerned about the security problems of MySpace.”可知答案。]
7.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
A.Internet Safety B.MySpace
C.Generation Gap D.The Digital Era
答案　B　[标题归纳题。本文在开头点出主题“MySpace，the social networking website...about other people.”并在下文进行了具体介绍。故选B项。]
Ⅱ.七选五
Here are some tips on listening.__1__.
Relax yourself
__2__.You need to relax.This will help you with your listening.
Listen carefully to the first sentence
The first sentence tells a lot about the whole passage.For example，if，at the beginning，you hear “Many shops in many parts of China have decided to take away all kinds of Japanese goods off their shelves，but some people say it’s not a good idea.Our reporter says...”，__3__
Think when you’re listening
__4__.For example，you can think of the following questions：What happened? When，where and how? What was the result and what did the speaker want to tell us? In this way，you may understand the passage better.
__5__
It’s important for you to remember some important facts.For example，if the passage is a science report，you should try to remember its findings，and how the scientists got their results.This is also helpful to your listening.
A.Listen to important facts
B.Pay attention to key words
C.Maybe they can help you in one way or another
D.When you’re listening，try to do some thinking
E.This is especially helpful to improve your listening skills
F.Before you start listening to something，don’t get excited or nervous
G.you know you will hear a piece of news，not a children’s story，or a science report
【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了几种有助于听力的方法。
1.C　[根据前文，Here are some tips on listening可知，本文后面主要介绍了几种有助于听力的方法，而选项C意为“它们可能在一方面或另一方面能帮助你”，符合语境，故选C。]
2.F　[根据后文，You need to relax，联系实际可知，首先要放轻松，然后再听，而选项F意为“在听以前，不要兴奋或者紧张”，符合语境，故选F。]
3.G　[根据前文的例子可知道，我们在听的时候听的是一个新闻而不是一个故事，新闻的特点就是开头有总起句，而选项G意为“你记住你将要听的是一篇新闻而不是一个儿童故事或者科学报道”，故选G。]
4.D　[根据后文，...you can think of the following questions可知，在听的时候也要动脑筋思考一下听到的东西，而选项D意为“当你在听的时候尝试着去做一些思考”，符合语境，故选D。]
5.A　[根据文中It’s important for you to remember some important facts可知，在听的时候记住重要的东西这个很关键，而选项A意为“听重要的事实”，符合语境，故选A。]
课件56张PPT。Unit 2　Exploring English导读：这首歌为电影《泰坦尼克号》的片尾曲，曾使席琳·迪翁(Celine Dion)在第41届格莱美颁奖仪式上独拿两项大奖，并获得第70届奥斯卡最佳电影歌曲奖。该曲在全球取得了名副其实的战绩，封顶各国单曲排行榜榜首，并成为全球最畅销单曲之一，全球销量过千万。席琳也因这首主题曲而为全世界歌迷所熟知，并一度创下每3秒钟便卖出一张专辑的纪录。My Heart Will Go OnEvery night in my ①____________
I see you，I feel you
That is how I know you go on
Far across the distance
And spaces ②____________ us
You have come to show you go on
Near far ③____________ you are
I believe that the heart does go on
Once more you open the doordreamsbetweenwhereverAnd you’re here in my heart
And my heart will go on and on
④____________ can touch us one time
And last for a lifetime
And never let go till we’re gone
Love was when I loved you
One true time I hold to
In my life we’ll always go on
Near far wherever you are
I believe that the heart does go onLoveOnce more you ⑤____________ the door
And you’re here in my heart
And my heart will go on and on
You’re here there’s nothing I fear
And I know that my heart will go on
We’ll stay ⑥____________ this way
You are safe in my heart
And my heart will ⑦____________ and onopenforevergo on我心永恒每晚的梦中
我都见到你，感觉到你
这就是我如何知道你会坚持不懈的
穿越距离
穿越时空
你到来向我诉说你会坚持不懈
无论远近，无论天涯海角
我坚信我们的爱永无止境
再一次你打开了我的心扉走进了我的内心
我心永恒
爱感动了你我
并将持续一生
直到我们死亡
爱就是我爱上你的那一刻
我真正想抓住的时候
我们的爱将永不止息
无论远近，无论天涯海角
我坚信我们的爱永无止境再一次你打开了我的心扉
走进了我的内心
我心永恒
有你在，我无惧
我知道我心永恒
我们将永不分离
你在我心里安然无恙
我心永恒素 养 导 航Part Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideasNeither Pine nor Apple in PineappleHave you ever asked yourself (1)why people often have trouble learning English? I hadn’t, until one day my five-year-old son asked me (2)whether there was ham in a hamburger.There isn’t.This made me realize (3)that there’s no egg in eggplant either.(4)Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.This got me thinking (5)how English can be a crazy language to learn.For example, in our free time we can sculpt a sculpture and paint a painting, but we take a photo.And (6)when we are traveling we say that we are in the car or the taxi, but on the train or bus! (7)While we’re doing all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car, but we don’t get homesick (8)when we get back home.And speaking of home, why aren’t homework and housework the same thing?
(9)If “hard” is the opposite of “ soft”， why are “hardly” and softly not an opposing pair? (10)If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions, why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same?(11)When we look out of the window and see rain or snow, we can say “it’s raining” or “it’s snowing”.But (12)when we see sunshine, we can’t say “it’s sunshining”.
Even the smallest of words can be confusing.(13)When you see the capitalized “WHO” in a medical report, do you read it as the “who” in “Who’s that？” What about “IT” and “US”？
You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language (14)in which a house can burn up as it burns down, (15)in which you fill in a form by filling it out, and (16)in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off!English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race.(17)That is why when the stars are out, they are visible , but when the lights are out, they are invisible.And that is why when I wind up my watch, it starts, but when I wind up this passage, it ends.(1)why引导宾语从句，why在从句中作原因状语，意为“为什么”。
(2)whether引导宾语从句，在从句中不作成分，意为“是否”。
(3)that引导宾语从句，that在从句中不作成分，也不表示任何意义，可以省略。
(4)neither...or...既不……也不……，neither置于句首，句子要部分倒装。
(5)how引导宾语从句，在从句中作方式状语，意为“怎么，如何”。
(6)(8)(11)(12)(13)when引导时间状语从句。
(7)while引导时间状语从句。
(9)(10)if引导条件状语从句。(14)(15)(16)in which引导定语从句，均修饰language。
(17)This is why...“这就是为什么……，这就是……的原因”，why后接表示结果的句子；but连接并列复合句。①have trouble (in) doing sth＝have difficulty (in) doing sth做某事有困难
②ham n.火腿
③hamburger n.汉堡包
④eggplant n.茄子
⑤pine n.松树
⑥pineapple n.菠萝
⑦sculpt v.雕刻，雕塑
⑧sculpture n.雕刻作品，雕像
⑨seasick adj.晕船的⑩airsick adj.晕机的
?carsick adj.晕车的
?homesick adj.想家的
?speak of...谈起，提到(引入最近谈到过的一个话题)
?opposite n.对立面，对立物，相反的人/事物 adj.对面的，相对的，对立的
?opposing adj.相反的，对立的
?harmless adj.无害的，不致伤的
?harmful adj.(尤指对健康或环境)有害的，导致损害的
?shameless adj.无耻的，不知羞耻的
?shameful adj.可耻的，丢脸的Step Ⅰ　General reading
Match each part with its main idea.Para.1　 　 A.Give some examples to discuss the topic.
Paras.2～6 B.Conclude the topic of the text.
Paras.7～8 C.Lead to the topic of the text.答案　Para.1—C　Paras.2～6—A　Paras.7～8—BStep Ⅱ　Factual reading
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.1.What is the structure of the text?2.How does the author support his/her idea in the text?
A.By listing numbers.
B.By making comparison.
C.By giving some examples.
D.By using some research results.
3.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A.To explain how English was created.
B.To give advice on how to learn English.
C.To tell us that English is very difficult to learn.
D.To show that English is interesting and creative.4.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the text?A.When we see rain, we can say it’s raining.
B.When we see the capitalized “WHO” in a medical report, we can read it as the “who” in “Who’s that？”.
C.Harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions.
D.We can see the stars when they are out.5.What do the two phrases wind up mean in the last sentence?
A.They both mean “turn a handle”.
B.They both mean “finish or stop doing sth”.
C.The first means “turn a handle”， the second means “finish or stop doing sth”.
D.The first means “finish or stop doing sth”， the second means “turn a handle”.答案　　1.D　2.C　3.D　4.B　5.CStep Ⅲ　Cloze test
Fill in the blanks according to the text.Have you ever asked 1.____________ (you) why people often have trouble 2.____________ (learn) English? I hadn’t, until one day my five-year-old son asked me 3.____________ there was ham in a hamburger or not.This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language 4.____________ (learn).
Even the smallest of words can be 5.____________ (confuse).You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in 6.____________ a house can burn up as it burns down, and in which an alarm 7.____________ (hear) once it goes off!yourselflearningwhetherto learnconfusingwhichis heardEnglish 8.____________ (invent) by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race.That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the 9.____________ (light) are out, they are invisible.And that is why when I wind up my watch, it starts, 10.____________ when I wind up this passage, it ends. was inventedlightsbutⅠ.词汇语境认知1.Water is the opposing force to fire.____________
2.The students began to feel homesick after they had been away from home for only a month.____________
3.You will likely feel seasick on your first trip at sea.____________
4.Each of us is unique and we have come down to the world to develop our own beautiful gifts.____________——写出语境中加黑单词或短语的意义相反的，对立的想家的晕船的独一无二的5.I normally wake up about five minutes after my alarm clock goes off.____________
6.I hate travelling by air because I get horribly airsick.____________
7.The title of the book should be interesting and attractive.____________闹钟晕机的题目，标题Ⅱ.单词语境记忆1.I like the jobs which are challenging and ____________ (create).
2.Many stars overhead are ____________ (看不见的)to the naked eye.
3.Her ____________ (behave)at the party was completely out of character.
4.On seeing this wonderful ____________ (sculpt), everyone present let out a cry of surprise.
5.Your facial expression can ____________ (反映)your real feelings.
6.His writing is so ____________ (confuse) that it is difficult to make out what she wants to express.
7.The first letter in a sentence should be ____________ (大写的).——根据英汉提示写出单词的适当形式creativeinvisiblebehaviorsculpturereflectconfusingcapitalizedⅢ.短语语境填空1.________________ (在我的空余时间), I like surfing online and listen to music.
2.________________ (当谈到) money, it’s important but it’s not everything.
3.If you walk home, your body will ________________ (消耗)about 100 calories of energy.
4.I can ________________ (向……外看) the kitchen window while doing the dishes and see the flowers.
5.The speaker will soon ________________ (结束)his speech.
6.They gave us each student a form to ________________ (填写). ——根据汉语提示写出适当的短语In my free timeSpeaking ofburn uplook out ofwind upfill in1.opposite adj.相反的，相对的，对立的，对面的n.对立面，对立物prep.在……对面/对过adv.在对面，在对过·If “hard” is the opposite of “soft”， why are “hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair？(教材P15)如果hard(坚硬的)是soft(柔软的)的反义词，为什么hardly(几乎不)和softly(柔软地)不是一对反义词呢？?写出下列句中opposite的词性及词义
①She tried calming him down but it seemed to be having the opposite effect.____________
②Hot and cold are opposites.__________________
③I sat opposite him during the meal.____________________
④There’s a newly married couple living opposite.____________
·My father is a very calm person, but my mother is just the opposite.
我的父亲是一个非常镇静的人，而我的母亲恰恰相反。adj.相反的n.对立面，对立物prep.在……对面/对过adv.在对面?补全句子
⑤The result _________________ what we had expected.
结果和我们所期望的大为相反。
⑥Mary is very generous, but her sister is __________________.
玛丽很慷慨，可她妹妹却正好相反。was opposite tojust the opposite用法总结
be opposite to 　 在……对面；与……相反
just the opposite 恰恰相反
词块积累
the opposite sex 异性
the opposite meaning 相反的意思
in the opposite direction 在相反的方向2.confusing adj.令人困惑的，难以理解的·Even the smallest of words can be confusing.(教材P15)
即使是最小的单词也会令人困惑。
·I think it’s a serious mistake to confuse work with life.
我认为把工作同生活混为一谈是大错特错。
·I love learning new words, but I am confused about how to remember them well.
我喜欢学习新单词，但是我对如何记忆单词感到困惑不解。
·He looked at me in confusion and did not answer the question.
他困惑地看着我并没有回答这个问题。?介词填空
①You should not confuse your career ____________ your life.
②I am still a bit confused ____________ what happened.
?用confuse的适当形式填空
They ③____________ me by asking so many ④______________ questions.I was totally ⑤____________， standing there in ⑥____________， not knowing what to do.withaboutconfusedconfusingconfusedconfusion单词一族
confuse vt.　 使迷惑，混淆
confused adj. 困惑的
confusion n. 混乱，困惑
用法总结
confuse...with/and... 把……和……混淆
be confused about sth 对某事迷惑不解
in confusion 困惑地，混乱地3.reflect vt.反映；反射(声、光、热等)；显示；表达；沉思·English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race.(教材P15)
英语是人而不是电脑发明的，它反映了人类的创造力。
?写出下列句中reflect的含义
①Her facial expression reflected how she really felt.____________
②Our newspaper aims to reflect the views of the local community.____________
③Before I decide, I need time to reflect.____________反映表达沉思·The manager needed more time to reflect on/upon what to do.
经理需要更多的时间来思考做什么。
·On reflection, we decided to change our plan.经考虑后，我们决定改变计划。
?单句语法填空/补全句子
④His face ____________ (reflect) in the big mirror when he passed by.
⑤Your clothes are often a ____________ (reflect) of your personality.
⑥On dark nights children should wear ____________ (reflect) clothing.
⑦At first I thought it was a bad idea, but ________________ I realized she was right.
最初我认为那是个坏主意，但经再三思考，我认识到她是对的。was reflectedreflectionreflectiveon reflection单词一族
reflection n.　反映；映像；沉思，深思
reflective adj. (指人、心情等)深思熟虑的；(指物体表面)反光的
?用法总结
reflect on/upon sth 认真思考……
on/upon reflection 经再三思考 1.have trouble (in) doing sth做某事有困难·Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English?(教材P14)
你有没有问过自己为什么人们在学习英语时经常遇到困难？
?单句语法填空/补全句子
①I never have trouble in ____________ (sleep) in a strange place.
②Whenever we have trouble ____________ our studies, our teachers always help us patiently.
③I ________________________________________________________ foreigners.
我与外国人交流有困难。sleepingwithhave trouble/difficulty/problems in communicating with短语记牢
(1)have trouble/difficulty/problems (in) doing sth做某事有困难/麻烦
(2)have trouble/difficulty/problems with sth在某方面有麻烦或有困难2.look out of从……往外看·When we look out of the window and see rain or snow, we can say “it’s raining” or “it’s snowing”.(教材P15)当我们看到窗外下雨或下雪时，我们可以说it’s raining(正在下雨)或it’s snowing(正在下雪)。
?用look相关短语的适当形式填空
①If you ________________ the window on the left of the bus, you’ll see that we’re now approaching the Tower of London.
②When I ________________ those days, I was very sad.look out oflooked back at③We shouldn’t __________________ the disabled；on the contrary, we should help them.
④It is reported that the police will soon ________________ the case of two missing children.
⑤I ________________ today’s newspaper but I found nothing important.look down upon/onlook intolooked through短语记牢
look out　当心(不及物动词短语)
look out for 当心，注意(及物动词短语)
look back at/on 回忆，回顾
look down on/upon 看不起，轻视
look into 调查
look through 翻阅，查找
look up to 尊敬3.burn down烧毁，烧掉(多指建筑物被烧塌)·You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down...(教材P15)
你也不得不对一种语言的独特疯狂感到惊奇。在这种语言中，房子可以在burns down(被烧毁)时burn up(烧毁)……
?补全句子
①A number of houses ____________________ in the fire.
在火灾中，有许多房子被烧毁了。
②Brisk walking ______________ more calories than slow jogging.
快走比慢跑能消耗更多的热量。were burnt downburns up③The fire _______________ before the fire engines arrived.
在消防车到达之前，火已经熄灭了。
④At least nine houses _______________________________ in the big fire last week.
在上周的这场大火中，至少九座房子被烧为平地。had burnt outwere burned to the ground短语记牢
burn up　烧光，烧尽(多指东西被烧掉)；(通过锻炼)消耗(热能)
burn out 烧坏；燃尽；耗尽体力
burn sth to the ground 将……烧成平地 1.Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.(教材P14)菠萝中既没有松树也没有苹果。【分析】 本句中neither...nor...意为“既不……也不……”，其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成分。
【总结】 neither...nor...的用法：
(1)neither...nor...连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数应和临近的主语一致，遵循“就近原则”。
(2) neither可以单独作主语，表示“两者中没有一个”。(3)表示“一个人没有做某事，另一个人也没做同一类事”时，可用neither或nor引起的部分倒装句进行简略回答，其结构为：Neither/Nor＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语。
·Neither dad nor mum is at home today.今天父母都不在家。
·Neither of them likes football.他们俩都不喜欢足球。
·They didn’t go to the park yesterday.Neither/Nor did we.
昨天他们没去公园，我们也没去。单句语法填空
①Neither his parents nor he ____________ (like) eating meat.
补全句子
②—I have never been to New York yet.
—____________________(我也没去过).
句型转换
③The parents were not satisfied with the result and their son wasn’t either.
→________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ satisfied with the result.likesNeither/Nor have INeithertheparentsnortheirsonwas2.That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible.(教材P15)
这就是为什么星星出来时是看得见的，灯灭了是看不见的。【分析】 本句中That is why...意为“这就是……的原因”；why引导表语从句，表示结果；That指代上文提到的事实。
【拓展】 其他相关句型：
(1) This/That is/was why...这/那就是……的原因(why引导表语从句，表示结果)
(2)That/It is/was because...这/那是因为……(because引导表语从句，表示原因)
(3)The reason why...is/was that...……的原因是……(why引导定语从句并在从句中做状语；that引导表语从句，表示原因)He fell off a tall tree.That was why he hurt his leg.
＝He hurt his leg.That was because he fell off a tall tree.
＝The reason why he hurt his leg was that he fell off a tall tree.
他从一棵很高的树上摔下来。那就是他弄伤腿的原因。单句语法填空
①He’s more of a talker than a doer.This is ____________ he never finishes anything.
②From space, the earth looks blue.This is ____________ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
句型转换
③Tom came late for the meeting because he was ill.
→ Tom was ill.________ ________ ________ he came late for the meeting.
→Tom came late for the meeting.________ ________ ________ he was ill.
→________ ________ ________ Tom came late for the meeting ________ ________ he was ill. whybecauseThatwaswhyThatwasbecauseThereasonwhywasthatPart Ⅱ　Using language——构词法
【思维导图】
Ⅰ.基本特征感悟
【感悟用法1】　观察下列句子，体会加黑词在句中的用法
①Her expression changed when she heard the news.
②Older people sometimes find it hard to accept changes.
③They asked a great many questions about England.
④It never occurs to them to question the doctor’s decisions.
⑤Would you please dry my clothes in the sun?
⑥We will try our best to better our living conditions.
⑦He got first place in the final.⑧She speaks Italian like a native.
【自我总结1】　通过观察可知：
(1)change在句①中用作动词，在句②中用作名词；
(2)question在句③中用作名词，在句④中用作动词；
(3)dry, better通常用作形容词，在句⑤和句⑥中dry, better都用作动词；
(4)final和black通常用作形容词，在句⑦和句⑧中的final和black都用作名词。
【感悟用法2】　观察下列单词变化，体会它们变化的共同特征
①possible(可能的)→impossible(不可能的)
understand(理解)→misunderstand(误解)
②tradition(传统)→traditional(传统的)　teach(教)→teacher(教师)
③home(家)＋town(城镇)→hometown(家乡)
black(黑色的)＋board(板子)→blackboard(黑板)
【自我总结2】　通过观察可知：
(1)第①组单词中，后面的单词是由前面的单词加前缀构成的，后边单词词性一般不改变；
(2)第②组单词中，后面的单词是由前面的单词加后缀构成的，后边单词词性一般改变；
(3)第③组单词中，后面的单词是由前面的两个单词合并而成的。
Ⅱ.主要用法精讲
一、构词法的定义及分类
按照一定的语言规律创造新词的方法叫做构词法。英语构词法主要有转化法(Conversion)、合成法(Compounding)、派生法(Derivation)、首尾缩略法(Abbreviation)等。
二、几种常见的构词法
1.转化法
把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转换法。
用法
举例
小结
动词转化为名词
Let’s go out for a walk.我们出去散散步吧。
Our builds are similar.我们的体形相似。
英语中，有的动词可作名词，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。
名词转化为动词
He backed his car into the garage.
他把车倒进车房。
We lunched at White’s.我们在怀特家吃午饭。
形容词转化为动词
Culture has furthered the advance of language.文化促进了语言的发展。
The train slowed down to half its speed.
火车速度减慢了一半。
形容词转化为名词
The rich do not necessarily live a happy life.
富人并不一定生活得幸福。
She was dressed in blue.她穿着蓝色衣服。
2.合成法
两个单词连在一起合成一个新词，前一个词修饰或限定后一个词。
分类
方法
举例
合
成
名
词
名词＋名词
weekend周末 bookmark书签 homeowner房东 wheelchair轮椅 guidebook指南；手册
名词＋动名词
handwriting书法 air-conditioning空调
名词＋动词-er
painkiller镇痛剂 storyteller讲故事的人
动词＋名词
typewriter打字机 postmark邮戳 salesman售货员 pushcart手推车 workshop 研讨会，车间
形容词＋名词
gentleman绅士　greenhouse温室
名词＋动词
handshake握手　sunset日落
介词＋名词
overweight超重　by-product副产品
副词＋动词
income收入　output产量，输出
动词＋副词
cleanup打扫 closedown停业 checkup检查
合
成
形
容
词
名词＋形容词
lifelong终身的，毕生的 snow-white雪白的
名词＋v.-ing
English-speaking讲英语的 nature-loving热爱自然的 heartbreaking令人心碎的
名词＋v.-ed
fun-filled充满乐趣的 man-made人造的 heartbroken悲伤的 custom-made定制的
形容词＋v.-ing
good-looking相貌好看的　easy-going性格随和的
形容词＋v.-ed
strong-minded意志坚强的 electric-powered电动的 white-painted漆成白色的 ill-cooked厨艺差劲的
副词＋v.-ed
well-educated受过良好教育的 newly-made新建的 well-known著名的
副词＋v.-ing
hard-working勤劳的
介词＋名词/-ing
underlying含蓄的，潜在的 in-vehicle汽车内的
v.-ed＋副词
built-in内置的，固有的
合成
动词
形容词＋动词
ill-treat虐待 whitewash用石灰水刷白
副/介词＋动词
overcome战胜　overthrow推翻
合
成
副
词
形容词＋名词
hotfoot匆忙地　anyway无论如何
形容词＋副词
everywhere到处　somehow不知何故
副词＋副词
however尽管如此　whole-heartedly全心全意地
介词＋副词
forever永远
介词＋名词
beforehand预先　downstairs在楼下
合成
介词
副词＋名词
inside在……里　outside在……外
介词＋副词
throughout遍及　within在……之内
副词＋介词
into到……里　upon在……之上
合成
代词
代词宾格＋self
herself她自己　himself他自己
物主代词＋self
myself我自己　yourself你自己
形容词＋名词
anything任何东西　everything一切东西
3.派生法
在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。
(1)前缀
分类
举例
总结
表示否定意义的前缀
appear出现→disappear消失
correct正确的→incorrect不正确的
legal合法的→illegal非法的
lead带领→mislead错误引领
stop停下→non-stop不停的
possible可能的→impossible不可能的
regular规则的→irregular不规则的
usual寻常的→unusual不寻常的
表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-， il-， im-， in-，ir-， mis-， non-， un-等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。
其他意义的前缀
sleep睡觉→asleep睡着的
see看见→foresee预见
national国家的→international 国际的
film影片→microfilm 微型胶片
night夜晚→midnight午夜
bus公交车→minibus微型汽车
write写→rewrite重写
market市场→supermarket超级商场
scope视界→telescope 望远镜
表示其他意义的前缀常用的有：a-表状态；for-，fore-先，前，预；inter-间，相互；micro-微；mid-中；mini-微型的；re-重，再，复；super-上，超；tele-远距离的
改变词性的前缀
large大的→enlarge扩大
courage勇气→encourage鼓励
value价值→devalue降低……的价值
little形容词，小的→belittle动词，轻视
board甲板→aboard在船上
side旁边→aside在旁边
door门→outdoor户外的
break打破→outbreak爆发
改变词性的前缀有：en-，de-，be-，a-，out-等。en-前缀通常加在形容词或名词前构成动词；de-前缀通常加在名词之前构成动词，其意义大多和原名词相反；be-前缀可加在名词或形容词前构成动词；a-前缀常加在名词或描述性动词之前，构成形容词或副词；out-前缀可加在名词之前构成形容词，加在动词之前构成名词。
(2)后缀
分类
举例
总结
构成名词的后缀
China中国→Chinese中国人，汉语
clean清扫→cleaner清洁工
visit拜访→visitor来访者
art艺术→artist艺术家
absent缺席的→absence缺勤
invent发明→invention发明
agree同意→agreement同意
kind善良的→kindness善良
构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence，-ese(表某地人或语言)，-er/-or/-ist(表人)，-ess(雌性)，-ian(精通……的人)，-ist(专业人员)，-ment(性质；状态)，-ness(性质；状态)，-tion(动作；过程)等。
构成形容词的后缀
nature自然→natural自然的
reason道理→reasonable有道理的
America美国→American美国的
China中国→Chinese中国人的
gold金子→golden金的
east东→eastern东方的
child孩子→childish孩子气的
snow雪→snowy雪的
构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al，-able(有能力的)，-(a)n(某国人的)，-en(多用于表示材料的名词后)，-ern(方向的)，-ese(某国人的)，-ful，-(ic)al，-ish，-ive，-less (表示否定)，-like(像……的)，-ly，-ous，-some，-y(表示天气)等。
构成
副词
的后
缀
week周，星期→weekly每周
angry生气的→angrily生气地
to到→towards朝……，向……
east东方→eastward(s)向东
fore前部→forward(s)向前
构成副词的常用后缀有-ly (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)，-ward(s) (主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。
构成
动词
的后
缀
wide宽的→widen加宽
beauty美人，美好→beautify美化
pure纯的→purify提纯
real真的→realize意识到
organ器官→organize组织
构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n(多用于形容词之后)，-fy(使……化)，-ize(使……成为)。
4.首尾缩略法
用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音；作为一个单词读音。
缩写
全称
汉语
BBC
British Broadcasting Corporation
英国广播公司
NBA
National Basketball Association
(美国)全球篮球协会
UN
United Nations
联合国
VIP
very important person
大人物
VOA
Voice of America
美国之音
WTO
World Trade Organization
世界贸易组织
ID
identification
身份证明
AIDS
acquired immunity deficiency syndrome
艾滋病
(获得性免疫缺损综合征)
UNESCO
United Nations Educational
Scientific and Cultural Organization
联合国教科文组织
APEC
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
亚太经济合作组织
熟练地掌握好英语的构词法，对我们学习英语有很大的帮助。
第一，它可以帮助初学者辨认词类，通过一些词尾(后缀)或词头(前缀)辨别某些词的词类，例如，careful(带形容词的词尾)“细心的”(为形容词)；carelessness(带名词的词尾)“粗心大意”(为名词)。
第二，可以帮助了解词义，在英语单词中，有不少词头有特别的意思，例如：kilogram(千克/公斤)-kilometer(公里)-kilowatt(千瓦)；通过前缀就可以了解到词的大概意思了。
第三，可以扩大词汇量。掌握几千个基础词后，通过构词法可以比较容易地把词汇量扩大到一万以上。利用掌握的基础词，循序渐进地掌握其他单词。
第四，把相关联的词组合在一起，形成词群，就像单人组成一个家庭似的。以“care”为例来说：care-careful-carefully-carefulness-careless-carelessly-carelessness。这是一组词群，词根都是一样的词，关键就在于后缀了。
第五，建立清楚的词类概念。每学一个词都要知道它的词类，并且掌握与它相关的词，左引右联，很容易形成一个词汇网。
第六，建立词与词的联系，大多数的词都用于几个不同的词类，如果知道各种词类的用法，语言能力会得到更大的发展。
即学即练1
写出下列句中加黑词的含义
①He emptied the bottle.腾空，倒空
②Each young person must shoulder his responsibility.肩负，承担
③No one nosed the danger before the earthquake.觉察
④The officials have booked hotel rooms for the women and children.预订
⑤The government hopes to better the conditions of the peasants.改善
⑥Which country is to host the next Olympic Games？主办
⑦Open the windows to cool the room.使凉快，使冷却
⑧This apartment can house six people and a dog.提供住处
⑨You should picture to yourself the brilliant future ahead of us.描绘，想象
⑩Every year, fresh fruit from these trees is shipped from one country to another.用船运输
名师提醒
有些词的词性转化后，词的重音发生变化。
(1)export/'eskp??t/n.出口
→/Ik'sp??t/v.出口
(2)import/'Imp??t/n.进口
→/Im'p??t/v.进口
(3)increase/'Inkri?s/n.增加
→/In'krI?s/v.增加
(4)permit/'p??mIt/n.许可证
→/p?'mIt/v.准许
(5)record/'rek??d/n.唱片，纪录
→/rI'k??d/v.记录
(6)present/'preznt/n.礼物，现在 adj.当前的，在场的，出席的→/prI'zent/v.赠送，表达
即学即练2
翻译下列合成名词
①snowfall 　　　下雪
②horse-riding 骑马
③greenhouse 温室
④reading-room 阅览室
⑤day-dreaming 白日梦
⑥son-in-law 女婿
⑦shoe-maker 鞋匠
⑧motorway 高速公路
⑨rooftop 屋顶
⑩runway 跑道
名师提醒
合成名词复数变化的五点规律：
1.以不可数名词结尾的合成名词无复数形式homework→homework
2.以man或woman为前缀的合成名词变复数时，前后两个名词都变成复数
woman doctor→women doctors
man waiter→men waiters
3.以两个名词构成的合成名词(前面的名词为man或woman除外)，一般把后面的名词变成复数
boyfriend→boyfriends
paper bag→paper bags
4.以“可数名词＋介词(短语)”构成的合成名词变复数时，把前面名词变成复数
sister-in-law→sisters-in-law
5.以“动词/过去分词＋副词”构成的合成名词变复数时，在结尾加-s
grown-up→grown-ups
stand-by→stand-bys
即学即练3
匹配下列前缀与其含义
①pre-　　　　 A.under
②multi- B.again
③mini- C.not
④post- D.out
⑤sub- E.before
⑥re- F.small
⑦tele- G.between
⑧ex- H.after
⑨inter- I.many
⑩dis- J.faraway
答案　①E　②I　③F　④H　⑤A ⑥B　⑦J　⑧D　⑨G　⑩C
即学即练4
根据要求变化下列词形
(1)改成表示人的名词
①work→worker
②win→winner
③China→Chinese
④write→writer
⑤act→actor/actress
⑥Canada→Canadian
⑦sail→sailor
⑧art→artist
(2)改成形容词
①care→careful/careless
②difficulty→difficult
③sun→sunny
④worry→worried/worrying
⑤thank→thankful
⑥health→healthy
⑦nation→national
⑧difference→different
(3)改成副词
①real→really
②quick→quickly
③wide→widely
④careful→carefully
⑤true→truly
⑥happy→happily
⑦possible→possibly
⑧lucky→luckily
名师提醒
首尾字母缩略主要有8种情形：
(1)单个单词截取其首字母；
(2)多个单词构成的词组截取其各个单词的首字母；
(3)不含虚词的词组，截取各个单词首字母；
(4)含虚词的词组，截取实词首字母，虚词省略；
(5)含虚词的词组，截取实词和虚词首字母；
(6)含虚词的词组，截取实词首字母，虚词照写；
(7)截取句子的每个单词的首字母；
(8)ex缩略为X。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Our foreign teacher Michael has__mapped (map) out a plan of his bicycle trip already.
2.Nice to meet you, Tom.Did you have a good flight (fly)?
3.Look up the meaning (mean) of the word in the dictionary.
4.Unfortunately (fortune), Chaplin and his friend didn’t find any gold but were caught in a snowstorm.
5.Carelessness (careless) will be a disaster not only to ourselves but also to patients.
6.Surprisingly (surprise), he should lose his temper in public.
7.The fish is a bit smelly (smell).We can’t eat it.
8.It is illegal (legal) to drive after drinking alcohol in most countries.
9.You should use your imagination (imagine) to think what it might be like on the moon.
10.When he is low, I often encourage (courage) him.
Ⅱ.选词填空
absent-minded，passer-by，face-to-face，dry-clean，ill-treated，peace-loving，color-blind，pickpocket，notebook，ready-made
1.Such expensive clothes need dry-cleaning.
2.The boy is color-blind and cannot tell blue from yellow.
3.Some passers-by lent me a hand when they saw me get into trouble.
4.The pickpocket was caught stealing the cell phone from a lady.
5.The ill-treated blacks took up struggles for equal human rights.
6.They agreed to have a face-to-face interview next week.
7.The fat man can hardly find any ready-made clothes that fit him well.
8.We Chinese are peace-loving people and we’ll never declare war on others.
9.The absent-minded professor is always losing his glasses when wearing them.
10.When I use my dictionary, I write down all the new words I learn in this little notebook.
课件39张PPT。Part Ⅱ　Using language——构词法【思维导图】Ⅰ.基本特征感悟【感悟用法1】　观察下列句子，体会加黑词在句中的用法
①Her expression changed when she heard the news.
②Older people sometimes find it hard to accept changes.
③They asked a great many questions about England.
④It never occurs to them to question the doctor’s decisions.
⑤Would you please dry my clothes in the sun?
⑥We will try our best to better our living conditions.
⑦He got first place in the final.⑧She speaks Italian like a native.【自我总结1】　通过观察可知：(1)change在句①中用作____________，在句②中用作____________；
(2)question在句③中用作____________，在句④中用作____________；
(3)dry, better通常用作形容词，在句⑤和句⑥中dry, better都用作____________；
(4)final和black通常用作形容词，在句⑦和句⑧中的final和black都用作____________。动词名词名词动词动词名词【感悟用法2】　观察下列单词变化，体会它们变化的共同特征①possible(可能的)→impossible(不可能的)
understand(理解)→misunderstand(误解)
②tradition(传统)→traditional(传统的)　teach(教)→teacher(教师)
③home(家)＋town(城镇)→hometown(家乡)
black(黑色的)＋board(板子)→blackboard(黑板)【自我总结2】　通过观察可知：(1)第①组单词中，后面的单词是由前面的单词加____________构成的，后边单词词性一般____________；
(2)第②组单词中，后面的单词是由前面的单词加____________构成的，后边单词词性一般____________；
(3)第③组单词中，后面的单词是由前面的两个单词____________而成的。前缀不改变后缀改变合并Ⅱ.主要用法精讲
一、构词法的定义及分类按照一定的语言规律创造新词的方法叫做构词法。英语构词法主要有转化法(Conversion)、合成法(Compounding)、派生法(Derivation)、首尾缩略法(Abbreviation)等。二、几种常见的构词法
1.转化法把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转换法。2.合成法两个单词连在一起合成一个新词，前一个词修饰或限定后一个词。3.派生法在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。
(1)前缀(2)后缀4.首尾缩略法用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音；作为一个单词读音。 熟练地掌握好英语的构词法，对我们学习英语有很大的帮助。
第一，它可以帮助初学者辨认词类，通过一些词尾(后缀)或词头(前缀)辨别某些词的词类，例如，careful(带形容词的词尾)“细心的”(为形容词)；carelessness(带名词的词尾)“粗心大意”(为名词)。
第二，可以帮助了解词义，在英语单词中，有不少词头有特别的意思，例如：kilogram(千克/公斤)-kilometer(公里)-kilowatt(千瓦)；通过前缀就可以了解到词的大概意思了。
第三，可以扩大词汇量。掌握几千个基础词后，通过构词法可以比较容易地把词汇量扩大到一万以上。利用掌握的基础词，循序渐进地掌握其他单词。第四，把相关联的词组合在一起，形成词群，就像单人组成一个家庭似的。以“care”为例来说：care-careful-carefully-carefulness-careless-carelessly-carelessness。这是一组词群，词根都是一样的词，关键就在于后缀了。
第五，建立清楚的词类概念。每学一个词都要知道它的词类，并且掌握与它相关的词，左引右联，很容易形成一个词汇网。
第六，建立词与词的联系，大多数的词都用于几个不同的词类，如果知道各种词类的用法，语言能力会得到更大的发展。即学即练1
写出下列句中加黑词的含义
①He emptied the bottle.____________
②Each young person must shoulder his responsibility.____________
③No one nosed the danger before the earthquake.____________
④The officials have booked hotel rooms for the women and children.____________
⑤The government hopes to better the conditions of the peasants.____________
⑥Which country is to host the next Olympic Games？____________
⑦Open the windows to cool the room.________________腾空，倒空肩负，承担觉察预订改善主办使凉快，使冷却⑧This apartment can house six people and a dog.____________
⑨You should picture to yourself the brilliant future ahead of us.____________
⑩Every year, fresh fruit from these trees is shipped from one country to another.____________提供住处描绘，想象用船运输名师提醒
有些词的词性转化后，词的重音发生变化。
(1)export/'eskp??t/n.出口→/Ik'sp??t/v.出口
(2)import/'Imp??t/n.进口→/Im'p??t/v.进口
(3)increase/'Inkri?s/n.增加→/In'krI?s/v.增加
(4)permit/'p??mIt/n.许可证→/p?'mIt/v.准许
(5)record/'rek??d/n.唱片，纪录→/rI'k??d/v.记录
(6)present/'preznt/n.礼物，现在 adj.当前的，在场的，出席的→/prI'zent/v.赠送，表达即学即练2
翻译下列合成名词
①snowfall 　　　____________
②horse-riding ____________
③greenhouse ____________
④reading-room ____________
⑤day-dreaming ____________
⑥son-in-law ____________下雪骑马温室阅览室白日梦女婿⑦shoe-maker ____________
⑧motorway ____________
⑨rooftop ____________
⑩runway ____________鞋匠高速公路屋顶跑道名师提醒
合成名词复数变化的五点规律：
1.以不可数名词结尾的合成名词无复数形式homework→homework
2.以man或woman为前缀的合成名词变复数时，前后两个名词都变成复数
woman doctor→women doctors
man waiter→men waiters
3.以两个名词构成的合成名词(前面的名词为man或woman除外)，一般把后面的名词变成复数
boyfriend→boyfriends
paper bag→paper bags4.以“可数名词＋介词(短语)”构成的合成名词变复数时，把前面名词变成复数
sister-in-law→sisters-in-law
5.以“动词/过去分词＋副词”构成的合成名词变复数时，在结尾加-s
grown-up→grown-ups
stand-by→stand-bys即学即练3
匹配下列前缀与其含义
①pre-　　　　 A.under
②multi- B.again
③mini- C.not
④post- D.out
⑤sub- E.before
⑥re- F.small
⑦tele- G.between⑧ex- H.after
⑨inter- I.many
⑩dis- J.faraway答案　①E　②I　③F　④H　⑤A　⑥B　⑦J　⑧D　⑨G　⑩C即学即练4
根据要求变化下列词形
(1)改成表示人的名词
①work→____________
②win→____________
③China→____________
④write→____________
⑤act→____________
⑥Canada→____________
⑦sail→____________
⑧art→____________workerwinnerChinesewriteractor/actressCanadiansailorartist(2)改成形容词
①care→______________
②difficulty→____________
③sun→____________
④worry→_________________
⑤thank→____________
⑥health→____________
⑦nation→____________
⑧difference→____________careful/carelessdifficultsunnyworried/worryingthankfulhealthynationaldifferent(3)改成副词
①real→____________
②quick→____________
③wide→____________
④careful→____________
⑤true→____________
⑥happy→____________
⑦possible→____________
⑧lucky→____________reallyquicklywidelycarefullytrulyhappilypossiblyluckily名师提醒
首尾字母缩略主要有8种情形：
(1)单个单词截取其首字母；
(2)多个单词构成的词组截取其各个单词的首字母；
(3)不含虚词的词组，截取各个单词首字母；
(4)含虚词的词组，截取实词首字母，虚词省略；
(5)含虚词的词组，截取实词和虚词首字母；
(6)含虚词的词组，截取实词首字母，虚词照写；
(7)截取句子的每个单词的首字母；
(8)ex缩略为X。Part Ⅲ　Developing ideas
Misadventures in English
Last week, our forum asked (1)if you had any funny or strange stories about using English.We didn’t expect to get so many posts.(2)Here are some of our favourites，to remind us that some of the English we learn in the classroom is rather different from the English in the outside world!
Yancy
People say(3)that the British always play safe with what they eat.Not true! I went to a summer school in Manchester and my English teacher was called Maggie.One day, a different teacher took our class.He told us that Maggie couldn’t teach that day (4)COZ she had a frog in her throat.Poor Maggie—but why did she try to eat such a big frog?
135 comments
Sophie
(5)When I first visited New York, I went to a downtown shopping centre (6)to buy some winter boots.At the information desk at the entrance，I asked a lady (7)where the shoe section was.She said that it was on the first floor.So I went up to the first floor, but couldn’t find any shoes.I decided to leave.When I was looking for the exit, I saw that shoes were actually sold downstairs on the ground floor, not the first floor.Why did she give me the wrong information？X-(
128 comments
Julien
I’ve got an English penfriend, (8)who I finally got to meet in London this summer.He had told me that his grandfather was “really wicked”.But when I met his grandfather, I liked him a lot.I found it very odd.Why did my friend use a negative word about such a nice man?
63 comments
Zheng Xu
The British must have really high standards.I was part of a student exchange programme between a university in England and my university in China.I spent days preparing and writing my first English paper.I knew I had done a good job and was looking forward to getting a positive comment.When I got the paper back, I found my teacher had written the comment“Not bad！” Not bad？But there weren’t any errors in my paper.∶-(
85 comments
(1)if引导宾语从句，if在从句中不作成分，意为“是否”。
(2)本句为here置于句首引起的完全倒装句。其中that引导宾语从句，we learn in the classroom为定语从句，修饰English，引导词在从句中作宾语，故可以省略。
(3)本句中that引导宾语从句，作say的宾语；what they eat为what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作宾语。
(4)because引导原因状语从句。
(5)为时间状语从句。
(6)不定式短语作目的状语。
(7)where引导宾语从句，where在从句中作地点状语。
(8)本句为who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰an English pen friend，引导词在从句中作宾语指人。
①misadventure n.不幸，灾难
②forum n.论坛，讨论区
③funny adj.有趣的，好笑的，滑稽的
④expect v.期望，预料
⑤remind vt.提醒，使想起，使记起
⑥play safe不冒险，谨慎，稳妥
⑦frog n.蛙，青蛙　throat n.喉咙，咽喉
have a frog in one’s throat某人(因咽喉痛)说话困难
⑧comment n.评论
⑨boot n.靴子
⑩section n.地段，地区，区域
?decide to do sth决定做某事
?actually adv.事实上，实际上
?finally adv.最终，最后
?wicked adj.缺德的，罪恶的，很棒的，极好的
?negative adj.消极的，负面的
?standard n.标准，规格adj.标准的，合格的
?exchange n.(学生、教师等的)互访，交换
?spend...(in) doing sth花费(一段时间)做某事
?do a good job干得好
?forward adv.向前
look forward to期待，盼望(其中to为介词)
Step Ⅰ　Factual reading
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1.What does the sentence “We didn’t expect to get so many posts.” in paragraph 1 mean?
A.People are not interested in the topic.
B.People are too shy to give their opinions.
C.We don’t think it is interesting.
D.People responded enthusiastically to the topic, which is out of our expectation.
2.Why couldn’t English teacher Maggie teach that day?
A.Because she ate a big frog.
B.Because she was afraid that she had a frog in her stomach.
C.Because she had a sore throat and couldn’t speak.
D.Because she was very tired after eating a frog in her throat.
3.Which of the statement is NOT true according to the passage?
A.“The first floor” in America may be called “the ground floor” in another country.
B.When we say someone is “wicked”， we only want to show the person is bad.
C.If you want to go to “The first floor” in America when you enter a building, you should go upstairs.
D.In China, we use “Not bad！” to show something is good.
答案　1.D　2.C　3.B
Step Ⅱ　Cloze test
Fill in the blanks according to the text.
Misadventures in English
Last week, our forum asked if you had any funny or strange stories about 1.using (use) English.We didn’t expect 2.to__get (get) so many posts.Here are some of our 3.favourites (favourite) to remind us that some of the English we learn in the classroom is rather different 4.from the English in the outside world!
The first post tells us that an English teacher 5.called (call) Maggie couldn’t teach one day 6.COZ she had a frog in her throat.
The second post tells us that a lady said the 7.shoes (shoe) were on the first floor while they were 8.actually (actual) on the ground floor.
The third post tells us that a man used 9.a negative word about his nice grandfather.
The fourth post tells us that a student spent days preparing and writing his first English paper.But when he got the paper back, he found his teacher 10.had__written (write) the comment “Not bad！”
1.likely adj.可能的，可能发生的(教材P17)
·The more you hurry, the less progress you are likely to make.欲速则不达。
·My parents are very likely not to allow me to go.
＝It is very likely that my parents will not allow me to go.
我父母很可能不会让我去。
·Is it likely/possible/probable that we can finish the task in such a short time?
＝Is it possible for us to finish the task in such a short time?
我们有可能在这么短的时间内完成这项任务吗？
?句型转换
Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be a Beethoven.
→①Brian is gifted in writing music; it is very possible for him to be a Beethoven.
→②Brian is gifted in writing music; it is very likely/possible/probable that he will be a Beethoven.
用法总结
likely, possible，probable的用法
likely
主语可以是人也可以是物。常用句式为“It is likely that...或sb/sth be likely to do...”
possible
主语不能是人，常用句式为“It is possible for sb to do sth”或“It is possible that...”
probable
不能用人或不定式作主语，常用句式为“It is probable that...”
2.remind vt.提醒，使想起
·Here are some of our favourites，to remind us that some of the English we learn in the classroom is rather different from the English in the outside world!
(教材P20)这里有一些我们最喜欢的(帖子)提醒我们，我们在教室里学习的英语与外界的英语是相当不同的！
·Please remind him to start early.请提醒他早点动身。
·The pictures reminded me of/about my school days.
这些照片使我想起了学生时代。
·Please remind me that there is an important meeting tomorrow morning.
请提醒我明天上午有个重要的会议。
?单句语法填空
①He reminded me not to__forget (forget) my promise.
②Your words remind me of/about my staying in the countryside.
③I left a reminder (remind) for myself on the table.
单词一族
reminder n.令人回忆起……的东西，提醒……的东西；(告知该做某事的)通知单，提示信
用法总结
remind sb(not) to do sth提醒某人(不)做某事
remind sb of/about (doing) sth 使某人想起(做过)某事
remind sb that... 使某人想起……，提醒某人……
3.comment n.评论；议论vt.& vi.作出评论；表达意见(教材P20)
·He made no comments on our proposal.他对我们的建议没有作评论。
·No comment! I don’t know anything.无可奉告！我什么都不知道。
·Users can also offer comments and feedback.用户还可以提供建议和反馈。
·I commented on his actions and speech without any prejudice.
我评论他的言行丝毫不带偏见。
?单句语法填空/句型转换
①The reporter commented (comment) that the film Lost and Love was very moving.
②Don’t offer comments (comment) if you cannot understand the real meaning.
③I know nothing about the incident so I refuse to comment on/upon it.
④It is rude to comment on others’ appearance.
→It is rude to make comments on others’ appearance.
用法总结
(1)make comments on/about...　对……加以评论
No comment! 无可奉告！
offer comments 提意见
(2)comment on/upon sth 对……发表评论
4.intend v.计划，打算
·morally wrong and intending to hurt people(教材P22)
道德上错误的，并意图伤害他人
·What do you intend to do/doing today？你今天打算做什么？
·I had intended to go/intended to have gone to your house last night, but it rained.
昨晚我本打算去你家的，可是下起雨来了。
·The tea is intended for the meeting.这茶是专门为会议准备的。
?语段填空
My mother intends ①holding/to__hold (hold) a party for my father’s birthday.But she is busy with work, so she intends me ②to__prepare (prepare) for it.She requests that all the activities and gifts should be intended ③for my father.And we both need to keep it secret, because my father has no ④intention (intend) of holding a birthday party.
单词一族
intention n.　　打算；目的，意图
用法总结
intend to do sth/doing sth 打算/想要做某事
intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事
had intended to do...＝intended to have done... 原本打算做……
be intended for 打算为……所用
名师提醒
intend的过去完成时，表示本打算做某事，但实际没做成。有类似用法的动词还有：plan, hope, think等。
5.recognise v.认识，辨认出；意识到；承认，认可
·recognise differences between American English and British English(教材P24)辨认出美式英语和英式英语之间的差异
·Lincoln is recognized as/to be one of the greatest presidents in America.
林肯被认为是美国最伟大的总统之一。
·My hometown has changed beyond recognition since I was last here.
自从我上次离开这里以来，我的家乡已经变得让人认不出来了。
·It is widely recognised that drug-abuse will cause a huge loss of both life and wealth.人们一致认为滥用毒品会造成巨大的生命和财产损失。
?单句语法填空
①Animals can recognise their children by smell.
②He is recognised as one of the best basketball players in China.
③The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore, he can go shopping without being__recognized (recognise).
单词一族
recognition n.　　认出；认识
用法总结
(1)recognise sb/sth by /from通过……认出某人/某物
recognise...as/to be... 承认/认出……是……
be recognised as/to be... 被认为/认作是……
It is recognised that... 人们公认……
(2)out of/beyond recognition 认不出来
6.base v.以……为基础n.基地，基础
·write a story based on given pictures (教材P24)根据所给图画写一则故事
·You should base your conclusion on/upon careful research.
你应该以审慎的研究为基础而下结论。
·The movie is based on/upon the popular novel of the same name.
这部电影是以同名人气小说为基础(改编)的。
·On the base of these facts, we can reach the following conclusions.
以这些事实为基础，我们能得出以下结论。
?单句语法填空
①We drew this conclusion on the basis (base) of experiments.
②Basic (base) research is of great importance in all scientific fields.
③The research group produced two reports based (base) on the survey, but neither contained any useful suggestions.
④You’re foolish enough to base your hopes on/upon his promise.
单词一族
basis n.　基础，根据
basic adj. 基础的，基本的
用法总结
(1)base...on/upon 把……置于……基础之上
be based on/upon 以……为基础/根据
(2)on the basis of 以/根据……为基础
7.aware adj.意识到的，明白的
·be aware of cultural differences (教材P24)意识到文化差异
·Were you aware that something was wrong!
你有没有意识到已经出了问题？
·In order to raise people’s awareness of protecting our environment, we must make people around us aware of the importance of it first.
为了增强人们的环保意识，我们必须首先让周围的人意识到它的重要性。
?单句语法填空/翻译句子
①Only if you are aware of the importance of English can you learn it well.
②我们应该增强人们节水的意识。
We__should__raise__people’s__awareness__of__saving__water.
单词一族
unaware adj.　不知道的
awareness n. 意识
用法总结
(1)be aware that... 意识到，知道
be aware of 知道，意识到
(2)raise one’s awareness 增强某人的意识
come across偶然发现
·When you open a dictionary, you often come across a lot of unfamiliar words.(教材P17)当你打开词典时，你经常碰到许多不熟悉的单词。
?用右边短语的适当形式填空
①—You know what? I’ve got a New Year concert ticket.
—Oh, come__on.You’re kidding.
②Should you come__across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.
③Our students come__from different backgrounds but have the same desire to learn on-line.
④I was amazed that he’d come__up__with this sweet idea.
⑤My long-awaited dream came__true at last.
⑥The smartphone-like glasses will likely come__out this year and cost between $250 and $600.
短语记牢
come about　　发生
come across 偶然遇见；被理解
come on 加油；得了吧，算了吧；进展，进步
come from 来自；出生于
come up with 赶上；提出，想出(注意、解决方法、计划等)
come true 实现
come out 出来，显露；开花；出版，发表；上市
Here are some of our favourites，to remind us that some of the English we learn in the classroom is rather different from the English in the outside world！(教材P20)
这里有一些我们最喜欢的(帖子)提醒我们，有些我们在教室里学习的英语与外界的英语是相当不同的！
【分析】 本句为here置于句首引起完全倒装句。其正常语序应为Some of our favourites....are here。
【总结】 完全倒装的用法：
完全倒装是把整个谓语放到主语之前，完全倒装句的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能进行完全倒装。常使用完全倒装的情况：
(1)以副词here，there，out，in，up，down，away，then，now等开头，后面的动词是be，come，exist，fall，follow，go，lie，remain，seem，stand(表移动或动态的不及物动词)等时，句子使用完全倒装
(2)there引出完全倒装句，除了最常见的there be句型以外，there还可以接appear，exist，lie，remain，seem to be，stand等，一般都译成“有”的含义，句子使用完全倒装
·Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.我们期盼的时候到了。
·There are still plenty of shortcomings in our work.
我们工作中还存在不少缺点。
【拓展】
(1)为了保持句子平衡或上下文衔接紧密，表示地点的介词短语作表语或状语并置于句首时，句子使用完全倒装；
(2)有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词置于句首，句子使用完全倒装。
·Under the big tree stand some farmers.大树下站着一些农民。
·Hidden behind the door were some naughty children.
藏在门后面的是几个顽皮的孩子。
补全句子
①Down__fell an apple from the tree.
一个苹果从树上掉了下来。
②Here__comes the bus!
公交车来了！
③Away they__went.
他们走了。
句型转换
④Our new teacher stands in the front of the classroom.(改为完全倒装句)
→In__the__front__of__the__classroom__stands__our__new__teacher.
⑤An old man is sitting in the armchair.(改为完全倒装句)
→Sitting__in__the__armchair__is__an__old__man.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.It took the police only several days to break the case.
2.She looked forward to talking (talk) to her daughter by phone.
3.How do you expect to__get (get) a promotion if you chat all day and don’t do a stroke of work?
4.You must remind him to__take (take) his medicine, in case he forgets.
5.Where do you intend to__go (go) this summer?
Ⅱ.补全句子
1.Out__rushed__the__dog when it heard its master’s voice.
一听到主人的声音，这条狗就冲了出去。
2.Facing the reporter’s question, he declined to make__comments__on the event.
面对记者的提问，他拒绝就这个事件发表评论。
3.I will take full advantage of the chance to exchange__views__with__them.
我将充分利用这个机会和他们交换意见。
4.I spent__three__hours__(in)__finishing the task.
我花了3个小时的时间完成这个任务。
5.In case I forget, please remind__me__of__my__promise.
万一我忘记了，请提醒一下我的诺言。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
It is popular to travel by bike in China.China has a huge population.And it is said that there is at least one bike for every two people.Of course, many people in China ride bikes for sport or exercise, but it is also a much more commonly accepted means of everyday transportation, as compared to countries such as the United States.
If you are living for a long time in China, chances are that you will want to buy your own bike so that you can use it whenever you want.Even if you don’t use a bike for everyday transportation, owning one can be a great way to enjoy the sights in the countryside.However, if you are just visiting China, renting a bike can be a more convenient choice.
It is important to choose the correct bike for your use.You will find that in China, the one-speed style of bike is popular.These bikes are great if you want to ride around in the city to see the sights.They are quite comfortable and easy to ride.You can often rent a bike for a day for about 15 dollars.
However, if you wish to ride on some of the rural paths, a mountain bike style would be a better choice.They are great for different kinds of road surfaces, providing for a safer ride.If you are planning to have a wish to tour and still be able to carry packages with you, then a touring bike would be the best choice.These are the most expensive to rent, but are very suitable for carrying packages and even some of your luggage along with you.
【语篇解读】　在中国骑自行车无论是为了日常出行还是为了体育锻炼都非常流行。根据不同的需求租用不同类型的自行车很重要。
1.If you are traveling in Beijing，you had better ________.
A.buy a bike B.borrow a bike
C.steal a bike D.rent a bike
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的if you are just visiting China，renting a bike can be a more convenient choice.可知，如果你要在北京游览，租用自行车很方便。故选D。]
2.Which of the following is the advantage of the one-speed bike?
A.It is worth at least 15 dollars.
B.You can’t ride in the countryside.
C.It is easy for you to travel in the city.
D.You have to return it the next day.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第三段第三、四句These bikes are great if you want to ride around in the city to see the sights.They are quite comfortable and easy to ride.可知，单速自行车的优点是在城市观光时，骑行很简单舒适。故选C。]
3.You would like to own a touring bike probably because ________.
A.you have to ride on the road in the countryside
B.you have some packages to carry while traveling
C.you want to enjoy the sights in the big cities
D.it is suitable for all kinds of road surfaces
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句If you...still be able to carry packages with you，then a touring bike would be the best choice.可知，旅行自行车可以携带行李。故选B。]
Ⅱ.七选五
Have you ever heard the phrase “inch wide, mile deep” with respect to picking an area of focus for your education, work, website, business, etc? __1__ And you should concentrate on becoming highly skilled in one particular field.Then you’ll be able to have a space in your industry and hopefully make a good living.You can do that.It does work to a certain extent.__2__
You don’t have to use the “inch wide, mile deep” approach if it bothers you to do so.__3__ And it’s rightly so.There are some big consequences(后果) to consider.
I don’t use this approach for my work because I don’t like the consequences of sticking to one niche (合适的位置) for so long.__4__ I’d also feel bored even if I picked something I love.I like variety too much.This life is precious to me.While I love doing deep dives, I don’t want to be focused on any one aspect of life or business for so long that I miss out on exploring the other aspects that also interest me.
You could say that my niche is personal growth.But that isn’t really a niche at all because anything fits into that huge space：productivity, relationship, work, health, lifestyle, values, social skills, and more.__5__
I prefer the “mile wide, mile deep” approach.It works well, too.There are some consequences to accept, but you may actually like those consequences.
A.Insist on the same narrow topic.
B.Many people have mixed feelings about it.
C.The idea here is that you should narrow your focus.
D.I’d be bored within a few years no matter what I picked.
E.But this article is about why you may not want to do that.
F.It’s important to focus on the long-term relationship with others.
G.Name any topic you can think of and I can link it to personal growth.
【语篇解读】　“一寸宽，一里深”说的是你选择某一个领域，无论是教育、职场、网站还是生意，集中你的注意力，专注并精通一个特定的小领域。
1.C　[你听说过“一寸宽，一里深”这个说法吗？这一观点是你应该集中注意力，专注并精通一个特定的小领域。故正确答案为C。]
2.E　[根据下文的You don’t have to use the “inch wide, mile deep” approach和I don’t use this approach可知，E项“不过这篇文章告诉你的是，你可能不想这么做”承接上下文，符合语境。]
3.B　[根据前面的it bothers you to do so和后面的And it’s rightly so可知，如果不愿专注于一个小领域，你就不必用这个策略，许多人对这个策略感受很复杂，这也不奇怪。]
4.D　[根据后面的I’d also feel bored even if I picked something I love可知，我不喜欢长时间专注某一特定领域，坚持几年就会觉得无聊，即便是自己爱好的事情也会觉得无聊。]
5.G　[根据前面的personal growth和productivity，relationship，work，health，lifestyle，values，social skills，and more可知，G项“随口说一个你想得到的主题，我都可以将它和个人成长联系在一起”符合语境。]
Ⅲ.完形填空
Years ago，if a teenager had some problems in her life，she might go home and write it in her diary.Now a teenager with __1__ problems might go onto the Internet and write about her problems in a blog(博客).In many ways，a diary and a blog are very __2__.So what makes blogging different from writing in a(n)__3__ diary?
The biggest difference is that blogging is much more __4__ than a diary.Usually a teenager treats her diary like a book full of __5__ that she does not want to __6__.
It’s interesting that someone who writes in a blog __7__ a diary will probably write nearly the same information.
I have a little sister，and sometimes I go online to read her __8__.She writes about things like waking up early for swimming practice and not studying enough for her chemistry test.__9__ I was her age，I wrote about the same things，but __10__ in my diary.Then after I had finished writing，I would hide my diary in a secret place because I was __11__ that my sister might read it.
The biggest __12__ with blogging is that anyone can read what you write.If I was angry with a friend during high school and wrote something __13__ about her in my diary she would never know.__14__，if my sister ever wrote something bad about a friend，that friend __15__ read her blog and get a “cry”.
There are also __16__ to blogging，of course.If I felt sad one day and wrote in my diary，“Nobody cares about me.” __17__ would know about it.However，if my sister wrote the same sentence in her blog，her best friends would __18__ respond(回应) and tell her how much they __19__ her.Blogs help people __20__ in contact with their friends and know what the people around them are doing.
1.A.the same B.troublesome
C.difficult D.daily
答案　A　[此处指青少年现在遇到和几年前一样的问题。]
2.A.familiar B.special
C.similar D.different
答案　D　[日记和博客在许多方面存在不同之处。下句中的“blogging different from writing”也是提示。]
3.A.personal B.ordinary
C.common D.traditional
答案　D　[此处表达博客与传统日记的区别。traditional表示“传统的”，符合句意。]
4.A.attractive B.public
C.convenient D.quick
答案　B　[通过下一句和下文内容，当“我”写完日记时，“我”想把它藏起来，可知博客应该是比较公开化的。]
5.A.thoughts B.puzzles
C.mysteries D.secrets
答案　D　[日记记录的都是个人秘密。]
6.A.tell B.share
C.publish D.solve
答案　B　[既然是秘密，就不愿和别人“分享”。]
7.A.instead of B.as well as
C.in favor of D.in spite of
答案　A　[此处强调的是写“博客”的人而不是写“日记”的人，故选A。as well as也；in favor of支持；in spite of尽管。]
8.A.blog B.diary
C.report D.web
答案　A　[从上下文看，“我”的妹妹喜欢写“博客”。]
9.A.Although B.Since
C.When D.Because
答案　C　[when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”。]
10.A.only B.already
C.still D.never
答案　A　[“我”只能把自己遇到的事写在日记里。]
11.A.angry B.concerned
C.glad D.worried
答案　D　[“我”把日记藏起来，因为担心会被妹妹看到。]
12.A.problem B.doubt
C.trouble D.mistake
答案　A　[从下文看，博客的内容具有公开性，如果说别人的坏话会伤害别人的感情，因此，此处介绍的是博客的“问题”。]
13.A.pleasant B.wrong
C.mean D.funny
答案　C　[从下文伤害别人的感情可以看出，是说别人的坏话，mean此处是形容词，表示“恶意的，不善良的”，符合句意。]
14.A.Besides B.However
C.Therefore D.Then
答案　B　[在日记写别人的坏话，别人不会知道，而写博客不同，前后转折，故选B。]
15.A.should B.will
C.must D.might
答案　D　[在博客上写别人的坏话“可能会”被看到。]
16.A.reasons B.disadvantages
C.shortcomings D.advantages
答案　D　[前面说博客的问题，后面说它的好处。]
17.A.Everyone B.No one
C.Anyone D.Someone
答案　B　[在日记里写东西没人会看到，故选“No one”。]
18.A.happily B.especially
C.quickly D.immediately
答案　C　[妹妹在博客上写同样的内容，最好的朋友“很快”会回应。]
19.A.like B.miss
C.need D.help
答案　A　[与上文“没有人关心我”相呼应，此处是指来自好朋友的安慰，朋友的“喜欢”就是关心，故选A。]
20.A.lose B.stay
C.get D.find
答案　B　[博客最大的好处就是使人们时刻保持联系。lose contact with 失去联系；stay in contact with保持联系；get in contact with取得联系。]
Ⅳ.语法填空
Sports should help a man to learn fairness，not only in games but also in life.If two teams play 1.________ game，one team must lose.If a dozen 2.________ (team) attend an athletic competition，one team will get the most points and all the 3.________ eleven teams will get 4.________ points.If a school team comes out last，that is no loss of face.5.________ that team and that school must do is to admit that it 6.________(lose).The only intelligent reaction 7.________ defeat must be：next year we will do our best to come out on top，because from now on we will devote 8.________ (we) to a stricter course of training under competent instructors.
Lessons 9.________(learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.But even more 10.________(value) are the lessons learned in extra-curricular activities in school：in speech，dramatic and musical contests，in “house” activities，and，especially，in the student council.
【语篇解读】　体育运动帮助人们学会公平，努力提升自己，帮助我们正确处理人际关系。
1.a　[泛指一场比赛，用a。]
2.teams　[a dozen表示十二个，后面的名词用复数形式teams。]
3.other　[the other eleven其余的十一个。]
4.fewer　[与前文的the most points相比较，剩下的队伍应该得到更少的分数，用fewer。]
5.What　[what作do的宾语，同时整个从句作句子的主语，用What。]
6.has lost　[这个学校的比赛队伍已经输了，用has lost。]
7.to　[reaction to sth 对……的反应，用to。]
8.ourselves　[devote oneself to sth/doing sth全身心地投入到某事中去，用ourselves。]
9.learned/learnt　[是我们从体育运动中学到的教训，lesson被我们学习，用被动语态，用learned/learnt。]
10.valuable　[更有价值的是，此句式是倒装句，valuable修饰lessons，用valuable。]
课件46张PPT。Part Ⅲ　Developing ideasMisadventures in EnglishLast week, our forum asked (1)if you had any funny or strange stories about using English.We didn’t expect to get so many posts.(2)Here are some of our favourites，to remind us that some of the English we learn in the classroom is rather different from the English in the outside world!Yancy
People say(3)that the British always play safe with what they eat.Not true! I went to a summer school in Manchester and my English teacher was called Maggie.One day, a different teacher took our class.He told us that Maggie couldn’t teach that day (4)COZ she had a frog in her throat.Poor Maggie—but why did she try to eat such a big frog?
135 commentsSophie
(5)When I first visited New York, I went to a downtown shopping centre (6)to buy some winter boots.At the information desk at the entrance，I asked a lady (7)where the shoe section was.She said that it was on the first floor.So I went up to the first floor, but couldn’t find any shoes.I decided to leave.When I was looking for the exit, I saw that shoes were actually sold downstairs on the ground floor, not the first floor.Why did she give me the wrong information？X-(
128 commentsJulien
I’ve got an English penfriend, (8)who I finally got to meet in London this summer.He had told me that his grandfather was “really wicked”.But when I met his grandfather, I liked him a lot.I found it very odd.Why did my friend use a negative word about such a nice man?
63 commentsZheng Xu
The British must have really high standards.I was part of a student exchange programme between a university in England and my university in China.I spent days preparing and writing my first English paper.I knew I had done a good job and was looking forward to getting a positive comment.When I got the paper back, I found my teacher had written the comment“Not bad！” Not bad？But there weren’t any errors in my paper.∶-(
85 comments(1)if引导宾语从句，if在从句中不作成分，意为“是否”。
(2)本句为here置于句首引起的完全倒装句。其中that引导宾语从句，we learn in the classroom为定语从句，修饰English，引导词在从句中作宾语，故可以省略。
(3)本句中that引导宾语从句，作say的宾语；what they eat为what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作宾语。
(4)because引导原因状语从句。
(5)为时间状语从句。
(6)不定式短语作目的状语。
(7)where引导宾语从句，where在从句中作地点状语。(8)本句为who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰an English pen friend，引导词在从句中作宾语指人。①misadventure n.不幸，灾难
②forum n.论坛，讨论区
③funny adj.有趣的，好笑的，滑稽的
④expect v.期望，预料
⑤remind vt.提醒，使想起，使记起
⑥play safe不冒险，谨慎，稳妥
⑦frog n.蛙，青蛙　throat n.喉咙，咽喉
have a frog in one’s throat某人(因咽喉痛)说话困难
⑧comment n.评论⑨boot n.靴子
⑩section n.地段，地区，区域
?decide to do sth决定做某事
?actually adv.事实上，实际上
?finally adv.最终，最后
?wicked adj.缺德的，罪恶的，很棒的，极好的
?negative adj.消极的，负面的
?standard n.标准，规格adj.标准的，合格的
?exchange n.(学生、教师等的)互访，交换
?spend...(in) doing sth花费(一段时间)做某事?do a good job干得好
?forward adv.向前
look forward to期待，盼望(其中to为介词)Step Ⅰ　Factual reading
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.1.What does the sentence “We didn’t expect to get so many posts.” in paragraph 1 mean?
A.People are not interested in the topic.
B.People are too shy to give their opinions.
C.We don’t think it is interesting.
D.People responded enthusiastically to the topic, which is out of our expectation.2.Why couldn’t English teacher Maggie teach that day?
A.Because she ate a big frog.
B.Because she was afraid that she had a frog in her stomach.
C.Because she had a sore throat and couldn’t speak.
D.Because she was very tired after eating a frog in her throat.3.Which of the statement is NOT true according to the passage?
A.“The first floor” in America may be called “the ground floor” in another country.
B.When we say someone is “wicked”， we only want to show the person is bad.
C.If you want to go to “The first floor” in America when you enter a building, you should go upstairs.
D.In China, we use “Not bad！” to show something is good.答案　1.D　2.C　3.BStep Ⅱ　Cloze test
Fill in the blanks according to the text.
Misadventures in EnglishLast week, our forum asked if you had any funny or strange stories about 1.____________ (use) English.We didn’t expect 2.____________ (get) so many posts.Here are some of our 3.____________ (favourite) to remind us that some of the English we learn in the classroom is rather different 4.____________ the English in the outside world!
The first post tells us that an English teacher 5.____________ (call) Maggie couldn’t teach one day 6.____________ she had a frog in her throat.usingto getfavouritesfromcalledCOZThe second post tells us that a lady said the 7.____________ (shoe) were on the first floor while they were 8.____________ (actual) on the ground floor.
The third post tells us that a man used 9.____________ negative word about his nice grandfather.
The fourth post tells us that a student spent days preparing and writing his first English paper.But when he got the paper back, he found his teacher 10.____________ (write) the comment “Not bad！”shoesactuallyahad written1.likely adj.可能的，可能发生的(教材P17)·The more you hurry, the less progress you are likely to make.欲速则不达。
·My parents are very likely not to allow me to go.
＝It is very likely that my parents will not allow me to go.
我父母很可能不会让我去。
·Is it likely/possible/probable that we can finish the task in such a short time?
＝Is it possible for us to finish the task in such a short time?
我们有可能在这么短的时间内完成这项任务吗？?句型转换
Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be a Beethoven.
→①Brian is gifted in writing music; ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ a Beethoven.
→②Brian is gifted in writing music; ________ ________ ________ ______________________ ________ he will be a Beethoven.itisverypossibleforhimtobeitisverylikely/possible/probablethat用法总结
likely, possible，probable的用法2.remind vt.提醒，使想起·Here are some of our favourites，to remind us that some of the English we learn in the classroom is rather different from the English in the outside world!(教材P20)
这里有一些我们最喜欢的(帖子)提醒我们，我们在教室里学习的英语与外界的英语是相当不同的！
·Please remind him to start early.请提醒他早点动身。
·The pictures reminded me of/about my school days.
这些照片使我想起了学生时代。
·Please remind me that there is an important meeting tomorrow morning.
请提醒我明天上午有个重要的会议。?单句语法填空
①He reminded me not ____________ (forget) my promise.
②Your words remind me ____________ my staying in the countryside.
③I left a ____________ (remind) for myself on the table.to forgetof/aboutreminder单词一族
reminder n.令人回忆起……的东西，提醒……的东西；(告知该做某事的)通知单，提示信
用法总结
remind sb(not) to do sth提醒某人(不)做某事
remind sb of/about (doing) sth 使某人想起(做过)某事
remind sb that... 使某人想起……，提醒某人……3.comment n.评论；议论vt.& vi.作出评论；表达意见(教材P20)·He made no comments on our proposal.他对我们的建议没有作评论。
·No comment! I don’t know anything.无可奉告！我什么都不知道。
·Users can also offer comments and feedback.用户还可以提供建议和反馈。
·I commented on his actions and speech without any prejudice.
我评论他的言行丝毫不带偏见。?单句语法填空/句型转换
①The reporter ____________ (comment) that the film Lost and Love was very moving.
②Don’t offer ____________ (comment) if you cannot understand the real meaning.
③I know nothing about the incident so I refuse to comment ____________ it.
④It is rude to comment on others’ appearance.
→It is rude to ________ __________ ________ others’ appearance.commentedcommentson/uponmakecommentson用法总结
(1)make comments on/about...对……加以评论
No comment! 无可奉告！
offer comments 提意见
(2)comment on/upon sth 对……发表评论4.intend v.计划，打算·morally wrong and intending to hurt people(教材P22)
道德上错误的，并意图伤害他人
·What do you intend to do/doing today？你今天打算做什么？
·I had intended to go/intended to have gone to your house last night, but it rained.
昨晚我本打算去你家的，可是下起雨来了。
·The tea is intended for the meeting.这茶是专门为会议准备的。?语段填空
My mother intends ①_______________ (hold) a party for my father’s birthday.But she is busy with work, so she intends me ②____________ (prepare) for it.She requests that all the activities and gifts should be intended ③____________ my father.And we both need to keep it secret, because my father has no ④____________ (intend) of holding a birthday party.holding/to holdto prepareforintention单词一族
intention n. 打算；目的，意图
用法总结
intend to do sth/doing sth 打算/想要做某事
intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事
had intended to do...＝intended to have done... 原本打算做……
be intended for 打算为……所用
名师提醒
intend的过去完成时，表示本打算做某事，但实际没做成。有类似用法的动词还有：plan, hope, think等。5.recognise v.认识，辨认出；意识到；承认，认可·recognise differences between American English and British English(教材P24)
辨认出美式英语和英式英语之间的差异
·Lincoln is recognized as/to be one of the greatest presidents in America.
林肯被认为是美国最伟大的总统之一。
·My hometown has changed beyond recognition since I was last here.
自从我上次离开这里以来，我的家乡已经变得让人认不出来了。
·It is widely recognised that drug-abuse will cause a huge loss of both life and wealth.
人们一致认为滥用毒品会造成巨大的生命和财产损失。?单句语法填空
①Animals can recognise their children ____________ smell.
②He is recognised ____________ one of the best basketball players in China.
③The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore, he can go shopping without _______________ (recognise).byasbeing recognized单词一族
recognition n. 认出；认识
用法总结
(1)recognise sb/sth by /from通过……认出某人/某物
recognise...as/to be... 承认/认出……是……
be recognised as/to be... 被认为/认作是……
It is recognised that... 人们公认……
(2)out of/beyond recognition 认不出来6.base v.以……为基础n.基地，基础·write a story based on given pictures (教材P24)根据所给图画写一则故事
·You should base your conclusion on/upon careful research.
你应该以审慎的研究为基础而下结论。
·The movie is based on/upon the popular novel of the same name.
这部电影是以同名人气小说为基础(改编)的。
·On the base of these facts, we can reach the following conclusions.
以这些事实为基础，我们能得出以下结论。?单句语法填空
①We drew this conclusion on the ____________ (base) of experiments.
②____________ (base) research is of great importance in all scientific fields.
③The research group produced two reports ____________ (base) on the survey, but neither contained any useful suggestions.
④You’re foolish enough to base your hopes ____________ his promise.basisBasicbasedon/upon单词一族
basis n.　基础，根据
basic adj. 基础的，基本的
用法总结
(1)base...on/upon 把……置于……基础之上
be based on/upon 以……为基础/根据
(2)on the basis of 以/根据……为基础7.aware adj.意识到的，明白的·be aware of cultural differences (教材P24)意识到文化差异
·Were you aware that something was wrong!
你有没有意识到已经出了问题？
·In order to raise people’s awareness of protecting our environment, we must make people around us aware of the importance of it first.
为了增强人们的环保意识，我们必须首先让周围的人意识到它的重要性。?单句语法填空/翻译句子
①Only if you are aware ____________ the importance of English can you learn it well.
②我们应该增强人们节水的意识。
________________________________________________________________________ofWe should raise people’s awareness of saving water.单词一族
unaware adj.　不知道的
awareness n. 意识
用法总结
(1)be aware that... 意识到，知道
be aware of 知道，意识到
(2)raise one’s awareness 增强某人的意识 come across偶然发现·When you open a dictionary, you often come across a lot of unfamiliar words.(教材P17)
当你打开词典时，你经常碰到许多不熟悉的单词。
?用右边短语的适当形式填空
①—You know what? I’ve got a New Year concert ticket.
—Oh, ________________.You’re kidding.
②Should you ________________ waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.
③Our students ________________ different backgrounds but have the same desire to learn on-line.come oncome acrosscome from④I was amazed that he’d ________________ this sweet idea.
⑤My long-awaited dream ________________ at last.
⑥The smartphone-like glasses will likely ________________ this year and cost between $250 and $600.come up withcame truecome out短语记牢come about　发生
come across 偶然遇见；被理解
come on 加油；得了吧，算了吧；进展，进步
come from 来自；出生于
come up with 赶上；提出，想出(注意、解决方法、计划等)
come true 实现
come out 出来，显露；开花；出版，发表；上市Here are some of our favourites，to remind us that some of the English we learn in the classroom is rather different from the English in the outside world！(教材P20)
这里有一些我们最喜欢的(帖子)提醒我们，有些我们在教室里学习的英语与外界的英语是相当不同的！【分析】 本句为here置于句首引起完全倒装句。其正常语序应为Some of our favourites....are here。【总结】 完全倒装的用法：
完全倒装是把整个谓语放到主语之前，完全倒装句的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能进行完全倒装。常使用完全倒装的情况：
(1)以副词here，there，out，in，up，down，away，then，now等开头，后面的动词是be，come，exist，fall，follow，go，lie，remain，seem，stand(表移动或动态的不及物动词)等时，句子使用完全倒装
(2)there引出完全倒装句，除了最常见的there be句型以外，there还可以接appear，exist，lie，remain，seem to be，stand等，一般都译成“有”的含义，句子使用完全倒装·Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.我们期盼的时候到了。
·There are still plenty of shortcomings in our work.
我们工作中还存在不少缺点。
【拓展】
(1)为了保持句子平衡或上下文衔接紧密，表示地点的介词短语作表语或状语并置于句首时，句子使用完全倒装；
(2)有时为了强调,可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词置于句首，句子使用完全倒装。
·Under the big tree stand some farmers.大树下站着一些农民。
·Hidden behind the door were some naughty children.
藏在门后面的是几个顽皮的孩子。补全句子
①________________ an apple from the tree.
一个苹果从树上掉了下来。
②_________________ the bus!
公交车来了！
③Away ______________.
他们走了。Down fellHere comesthey went句型转换
④Our new teacher stands in the front of the classroom.(改为完全倒装句)
→______________________________________________________________________⑤An old man is sitting in the armchair.(改为完全倒装句)
→______________________________________________________________________In the front of the classroom stands our new teacher.Sitting in the armchair is an old man.Part Ⅳ　Listening——如何听懂长对话
长对话是高考听力测试的第二节内容。此类题型一般为一问一答式较长的对话，每段材料长度一般在70～250词之间，设2～4个问题，每段对话均读两遍。长对话题材广泛，内容涉及考生所熟悉的日常生活的各个方面，如人际关系、学校生活、兴趣爱好、旅游交通、购物休闲、饮食健康等。与短对话相比，长对话涉及的句子较长，结构复杂，信息容量大，所设干扰也比较多。主要考查考生对于较长对话的整体理解和把握能力。
1.事实细节类
要求考生获取事实性的具体信息，即听清、听懂与话题中心相关的具体信息，准确理解具体细节，如时间、地点、人物、价钱、数量、目的、原因、结果等。同时，还要求对所听到的信息进行简单的处理：如数字运算、时间排序、比较筛选、同义转换等。常见的提问方式有：
①What did the man buy?
②Why did the man go to Chicago?
③When will the woman have her baby?
④Where are the speakers going to spend their holiday?
⑤How many classes does the speaker take a day?
【典题印证1】　(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
What is the woman looking for?
A.An information office.　　 B.A police station.
C.A shoe repair shop.
【材料复现】
W：Excuse me.I wonder if you could tell me how to find a place to have my shoes mended.I’m new in town.
M：Ah, there is a good shop not far from here.Go straight ahead and walk about three blocks.I can’t remember the name of the shop, but you’ll find it.It’s near the police station.By the way, you know about the town guide? It’s a thin book and has all kinds of useful information.You’ll find one in any bookstore.
W：Thanks a lot! You’ve been so helpful.Let’s see.Did you say the repair shop was three blocks away from here?
M：Exactly.
W：Thanks again.
【解题思路】
本题属于事实细节类，根据材料中“I wonder if you could tell me how to find a place to have my shoes mended.”可知，女性说话者正在寻找修理鞋的地方，故应选C项。
2.推理判断类
要求考生推断隐含的意义，包括推断出事情的进展或根据材料推测说话人的意图、观点和态度等。
常见的提问方式有：
When/Where does the conversation take place?
What’s the relationship between the two speakers?
Who do you think the man probably is?
What does the man/woman mean?
How does the man/woman feel?
【典题印证2】　(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)
Where does the conversation probably take place?
A.At home. B.In a cinema.
C.In a supermarket.
【材料复现】
M：Mom，this is going to take forever.Animal World will be on in 20 minutes.It’s my favorite program.You know I can’t miss it.
W：I know，honey.But we have to wait in line to pay for these things we need.
M：You promised we’d be home in time.
W：Be a little patient，Jack.We’ll get out of here soon.
【解题思路】
本题为推理判断类，题干要求推断对话发生的地点，根据材料中“But we have to wait in line to pay for these things we need.”可知，说话双方正在等待为需要的东西付款，因此可以推断出对话发生在超市，故选C项。
3.主旨大意类
要求考生对听到的内容有一个整体的把握和全面的领会，抓住说话者究竟在说什么。任何一段对话或独白都是围绕一个中心展开的，有时主旨大意较明显，有时则需要归纳、概括。为了把握所听内容的主旨要义，要从说话人的语气上体会主旨大意，抓住关键词，对语段进行整体理解，而不应纠缠在某些小细节上，这样往往会造成以偏概全。
常见的提问方式有：
(1)What are the two speakers talking about?
(2)What’s the passage mainly about?
(3)What’s the topic of the passage?
(4)What are the two speakers doing?
(5)What is the conversation about?
【典题印证3】　(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)
What are the speakers talking about?
A.Having guests this weekend.
B.Going out for sightseeing.
C.Moving into a new house.
【材料复现】
W：Harry, guess what？I’ve just received an email from Pamela.She and Peter are coming down to see us this weekend.
M：Oh, that’s good news! We haven’t seen them for ages.
W：Yeah.The last time we met them was at our wedding three years ago.
M：Did Pamela mention how long they’ll stay?
W：About one week.
M：Great! I can’t wait to show them around our new house.
W：Me too.We haven’t had any guests since we moved in here.If the weather is fine, we can have a barbecue in the garden.
M：Good idea.I’ll go to the market tomorrow to buy all the things we’ll need.
【解题思路】
本题属于主旨大意类，根据材料中“I’ve just received an email from Pamela.She and Peter are coming down to see us this weekend.”及“We haven’t had any guests since we moved in here.”可知，这周末将要有两位客人来说话者家中，因此可知，两名说话者讨论的是这周末招待客人的事情，故选A项。
课件15张PPT。Part Ⅳ　Listening——如何听懂长对话长对话是高考听力测试的第二节内容。此类题型一般为一问一答式较长的对话，每段材料长度一般在70～250词之间，设2～4个问题，每段对话均读两遍。长对话题材广泛，内容涉及考生所熟悉的日常生活的各个方面，如人际关系、学校生活、兴趣爱好、旅游交通、购物休闲、饮食健康等。与短对话相比，长对话涉及的句子较长，结构复杂，信息容量大，所设干扰也比较多。主要考查考生对于较长对话的整体理解和把握能力。1.事实细节类要求考生获取事实性的具体信息，即听清、听懂与话题中心相关的具体信息，准确理解具体细节，如时间、地点、人物、价钱、数量、目的、原因、结果等。同时，还要求对所听到的信息进行简单的处理：如数字运算、时间排序、比较筛选、同义转换等。常见的提问方式有：
①What did the man buy?
②Why did the man go to Chicago?
③When will the woman have her baby?
④Where are the speakers going to spend their holiday?
⑤How many classes does the speaker take a day?【典题印证1】　(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
What is the woman looking for?
A.An information office.　　 B.A police station.
C.A shoe repair shop.【材料复现】
W：Excuse me.I wonder if you could tell me how to find a place to have my shoes mended.I’m new in town.
M：Ah, there is a good shop not far from here.Go straight ahead and walk about three blocks.I can’t remember the name of the shop, but you’ll find it.It’s near the police station.By the way, you know about the town guide? It’s a thin book and has all kinds of useful information.You’ll find one in any bookstore.
W：Thanks a lot! You’ve been so helpful.Let’s see.Did you say the repair shop was three blocks away from here?
M：Exactly.
W：Thanks again.本题属于事实细节类，根据材料中“I wonder if you could tell me how to find a place to have my shoes mended.”可知，女性说话者正在寻找修理鞋的地方，故应选C项。【解题思路】2.推理判断类要求考生推断隐含的意义，包括推断出事情的进展或根据材料推测说话人的意图、观点和态度等。
常见的提问方式有：
When/Where does the conversation take place?
What’s the relationship between the two speakers?
Who do you think the man probably is?
What does the man/woman mean?
How does the man/woman feel?【典题印证2】　(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)
Where does the conversation probably take place?
A.At home. B.In a cinema.
C.In a supermarket.
【材料复现】
M：Mom，this is going to take forever.Animal World will be on in 20 minutes.It’s my favorite program.You know I can’t miss it.
W：I know，honey.But we have to wait in line to pay for these things we need.
M：You promised we’d be home in time.
W：Be a little patient，Jack.We’ll get out of here soon.本题为推理判断类，题干要求推断对话发生的地点，根据材料中“But we have to wait in line to pay for these things we need.”可知，说话双方正在等待为需要的东西付款，因此可以推断出对话发生在超市，故选C项。【解题思路】3.主旨大意类要求考生对听到的内容有一个整体的把握和全面的领会，抓住说话者究竟在说什么。任何一段对话或独白都是围绕一个中心展开的，有时主旨大意较明显，有时则需要归纳、概括。为了把握所听内容的主旨要义，要从说话人的语气上体会主旨大意，抓住关键词，对语段进行整体理解，而不应纠缠在某些小细节上，这样往往会造成以偏概全。常见的提问方式有：
(1)What are the two speakers talking about?
(2)What’s the passage mainly about?
(3)What’s the topic of the passage?
(4)What are the two speakers doing?
(5)What is the conversation about?【典题印证3】　(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)
What are the speakers talking about?
A.Having guests this weekend.
B.Going out for sightseeing.
C.Moving into a new house.
【材料复现】
W：Harry, guess what？I’ve just received an email from Pamela.She and Peter are coming down to see us this weekend.
M：Oh, that’s good news! We haven’t seen them for ages.
W：Yeah.The last time we met them was at our wedding three years ago.M：Did Pamela mention how long they’ll stay?
W：About one week.
M：Great! I can’t wait to show them around our new house.
W：Me too.We haven’t had any guests since we moved in here.If the weather is fine, we can have a barbecue in the garden.
M：Good idea.I’ll go to the market tomorrow to buy all the things we’ll need.本题属于主旨大意类，根据材料中“I’ve just received an email from Pamela.She and Peter are coming down to see us this weekend.”及“We haven’t had any guests since we moved in here.”可知，这周末将要有两位客人来说话者家中，因此可知，两名说话者讨论的是这周末招待客人的事情，故选A项。【解题思路】Part Ⅴ　Writing——图画类记叙文
图画类记叙文要求考生根据一幅或几幅图画所提供的信息，写一篇短文来叙述一件事，属于记叙文文体。写作时要注意：
1.认真审题明确写作任务。图画类记叙文要交代五个“W”和一个“H”，即：What(什么事)，Who(什么人)，When(什么时候)，Where(什么地点)，Why(什么原因)，How(怎么样)。整个写作内容的确定、写作材料的筛选，都要围绕这五个“W”和一个“H”进行。
2.灵活安排写作顺序。图画类记叙文通常是按照事情发展的先后顺序来叙述，但是为了表达的需要，也可以采用倒叙、插叙等方式来叙述。
3.合理选择人称。一般来说，英语记叙文多以第一人称(I/We)或第三人称(He/She/It/They)展开叙述。写作时要根据具体情况合理选择。
4.合理把握时态语态。图画类记叙文一般采用一般过去时或一般现在时。
5.组织要点。在看懂图画的基础上，最好在草稿纸上逐条列出要点，以免遗漏。若是几幅图，要列出各图的大意，然后将所列要点用完整地道的英语句子表达出来。
6.连句成篇。首先，在理清句子之间的关系后选用恰当的关联词语，把句子连接成文。其次，要避免句子结构的单调重复。文末应尽量加上适当的结束语，以使文章结构完整。
【增分表达】
1.交代时间常用表达：
One day.../The other day.../Last week...
2.交代地点常用表达：
in my office/in.../on the way to...
3.交代时间地点与相关人物的句型：
(1)sb was doing sth when sth/sb did sth；
(2)时间＋was memorable because sb did sth；
(3)This particular day began at ＋时间点＋in the morning/afternoon/evening in＋地点
4.推动情节发展常用表达：
then, suddenly, immediately, no sooner...than..., hardly...when..., while, when, as, not...until...等。
5.表故事结果常用表达：
At last/Finally...，However...，Luckily/Fortunately...，To one’s surprise...
6.表感想常用表达：
(1)Personally, I think that...；
(2)I learn from the story that...；
(3)I think that this unforgettable and unusual experience will be fresh on my mind forever.
假设你是红星中学学生李华，请根据以下四幅图，以“A Day with an Artist of Traditional Chinese Painting”为题，介绍上周在“国画之旅”活动中向国画艺术家学习国画的过程。
注意：词数100左右。
提示词：国画traditional Chinese painting；荷花lotus
第一步：布局谋篇很关键
?审题
1.确定体裁：本文为一篇图画类记叙文；
2.确定中心人称：本文主要人称为第一人称；
3.确定主体时态：以一般过去时为主。
?解图
图片1：欢迎国画艺术家　 图片2：认真聆听技巧
图片3：艺术家指导技巧 图片4：表现突出获得嘉奖
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1.invite__sb__to__do__sth　　　邀请某人做某事
2.as__soon__as 一……就
3.give__sb__a__warm__welcome 热烈欢迎某人
4.wear__big__smiles 带着笑容
5.make__an__attempt__to__do__sth 试图；尝试做某事
6.under__the__careful__instruction__of__sb
在某人的细心指导之下
7.because__of 由于
8.award__sb__sth 授予某人某物
9.be__amazed__at 对……惊讶
10.be__proud__of 对……自豪
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1.上周五，我们班邀请了一位著名的艺术家来教我们如何在中国画中画莲花。
Last Friday, our class invited__a__well-known__artist__to__teach__us__how__to__draw__a__lotus in Chinese painting.
2.艺术家一走进教室，就受到了热烈的欢迎，这使他很高兴。(as soon as引导时间状语从句；定语从句)
As__soon__as__the__artist__came__into__the__classroom,__he was given a warm welcome，which made him so happy.
3.我们都面带笑容。
All of us wore__big__smiles.
4.首先，他向我们展示了一些画莲花的技巧。
First, he showed__us__some__skills of drawing a lotus.
5.我们站在他周围，仔细观察。
We stood__around__him and watched__carefully.
6.然后我们每个人都试图在他的精心指导下自己做这件事。
Then each of us made__an__attempt__to__do__it by ourselves under__the__careful__instruction__of__him.
7.最后，由于我出色的表现，我被授予“优秀青年艺术家”。
Finally，because__of__my__excellent__performance,__I was__awarded Outstanding Young Artist.
8.看着这个奖项，我感到很兴奋。
Looking at the award, I felt__very__excited.
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1.用被动语态改写句1
Last Friday, a__well-known__artist__was__invited__to__teach__us__how__to__draw__a__lotus in Chinese painting by our class.
2.用现在分词作状语改写句2
Coming__into__the__classroom the artist was given a warm welcome，making__him__so__happy.
3.用现在分词作状语改写句5
We stood around him, watching__carefully.
4.用形容词短语作状语改写句8
I looked at the award, very__excited.
第五步：过渡衔接连成篇
A Day with an Artist of Traditional Chinese Painting
Last Friday，our class invited a well-known artist to teach us how to draw a lotus in Chinese painting.
As soon as the artist came into the classroom，he was given a warm welcome, which made him so happy.All of us wore big smiles.First, he showed us some skills of drawing a lotus.We watched carefully around him.Then instructed by him, each of us made an attempt to do it by ourselves.Finally, because of my excellent performance, I was awarded Outstanding Young Artist.Looking at the award, I felt very excited.
Through this experience，we are all amazed at Chinese painting and proud of being Chinese.We hope we can have more activities of this kind in the future!
课件15张PPT。Part Ⅴ　Writing——图画类记叙文图画类记叙文要求考生根据一幅或几幅图画所提供的信息，写一篇短文来叙述一件事，属于记叙文文体。写作时要注意：1.认真审题明确写作任务。图画类记叙文要交代五个“W”和一个“H”，即：What(什么事)，Who(什么人)，When(什么时候)，Where(什么地点)，Why(什么原因)，How(怎么样)。整个写作内容的确定、写作材料的筛选，都要围绕这五个“W”和一个“H”进行。
2.灵活安排写作顺序。图画类记叙文通常是按照事情发展的先后顺序来叙述，但是为了表达的需要，也可以采用倒叙、插叙等方式来叙述。3.合理选择人称。一般来说，英语记叙文多以第一人称(I/We)或第三人称(He/She/It/They)展开叙述。写作时要根据具体情况合理选择。
4.合理把握时态语态。图画类记叙文一般采用一般过去时或一般现在时。
5.组织要点。在看懂图画的基础上，最好在草稿纸上逐条列出要点，以免遗漏。若是几幅图，要列出各图的大意，然后将所列要点用完整地道的英语句子表达出来。
6.连句成篇。首先，在理清句子之间的关系后选用恰当的关联词语，把句子连接成文。其次，要避免句子结构的单调重复。文末应尽量加上适当的结束语，以使文章结构完整。【增分表达】
1.交代时间常用表达：
2.交代地点常用表达：
3.交代时间地点与相关人物的句型：One day.../The other day.../Last week...
in my office/in.../on the way to...
(1)sb was doing sth when sth/sb did sth；
(2)时间＋was memorable because sb did sth；
(3)This particular day began at ＋时间点＋in the morning/afternoon/evening in＋地点4.推动情节发展常用表达：
5.表故事结果常用表达：
6.表感想常用表达：then, suddenly, immediately, no sooner...than..., hardly...when..., while, when, as, not...until...等。
At last/Finally...，However...，Luckily/Fortunately...，To one’s surprise...
(1)Personally, I think that...；
(2)I learn from the story that...；
(3)I think that this unforgettable and unusual experience will be fresh on my mind forever.假设你是红星中学学生李华，请根据以下四幅图，以“A Day with an Artist of Traditional Chinese Painting”为题，介绍上周在“国画之旅”活动中向国画艺术家学习国画的过程。
注意：词数100左右。
提示词：国画traditional Chinese painting；荷花lotus第一步：布局谋篇很关键?审题
1.确定体裁：本文为一篇图画类记叙文；
2.确定中心人称：本文主要人称为____________；
3.确定主体时态：以一般过去时为主。
?解图
图片1：欢迎国画艺术家　　 图片2：____________________
图片3：艺术家指导技巧 图片4：____________________第一人称认真聆听技巧表现突出获得嘉奖第二步：核心词汇想周全1.________________　邀请某人做某事
2.________________ 一……就
3.______________________ 热烈欢迎某人
4.________________ 带着笑容
5._______________________ 试图；尝试做某事
6.______________________________ 在某人的细心指导之下
7.________________ 由于
8.________________ 授予某人某物
9.________________ 对……惊讶
10.________________ 对……自豪invite sb to do sthas soon asgive sb a warm welcomewear big smilesmake an attempt to do sthunder the careful instruction of sbbecause ofaward sb sthbe amazed atbe proud of第三步：由词扩句雏形现1.上周五，我们班邀请了一位著名的艺术家来教我们如何在中国画中画莲花。
Last Friday, our class ____________________________________________________ in Chinese painting.
2.艺术家一走进教室，就受到了热烈的欢迎，这使他很高兴。(as soon as引导时间状语从句；定语从句)
________________________________________, he was given a warm welcome，which made him so happy.
3.我们都面带笑容。
All of us __________________.invited a well-known artist to teach us how to draw a lotusAs soon as the artist came into the classroomwore big smiles4.首先，他向我们展示了一些画莲花的技巧。
First, he ________________________ of drawing a lotus.
5.我们站在他周围，仔细观察。
We ________________________ and _____________________.
6.然后我们每个人都试图在他的精心指导下自己做这件事。
Then each of us ____________________ by ourselves _____________________________.
7.最后，由于我出色的表现，我被授予“优秀青年艺术家”。
Finally, ________________________________， I ___________ Outstanding Young Artist.
8.看着这个奖项，我感到很兴奋。
Looking at the award, I _________________.showed us some skillsstood around himwatched carefullymade an attempt to do itunder the careful instruction of himbecause of my excellent performancewas awardedfelt very excited第四步：句式升级造亮点1.用被动语态改写句1
Last Friday, _____________________________________________________ in Chinese painting by our class.
2.用现在分词作状语改写句2
_______________________ the artist was given a warm welcome, _________________.
3.用现在分词作状语改写句5
We stood around him, ___________________.
4.用形容词短语作状语改写句8
I looked at the award, ____________.a well-known artist was invited to teach us how to draw a lotusComing into the classroommaking him so happywatching carefullyvery excited第五步：过渡衔接连成篇A Day with an Artist of Traditional Chinese Painting
Last Friday，our class invited a well-known artist to teach us how to draw a lotus in Chinese painting.
As soon as the artist came into the classroom，he was given a warm welcome, which made him so happy.All of us wore big smiles.First, he showed us some skills of drawing a lotus.We watched carefully around him.Then instructed by him, each of us made an attempt to do it by ourselves.Finally, because of my excellent performance, I was awarded Outstanding Young Artist.Looking at the award, I felt very excited.Through this experience，we are all amazed at Chinese painting and proud of being Chinese.We hope we can have more activities of this kind in the future!单元综合测评(Units 1 & 2)
(时间：120分钟　满分：150分)
选择题部分
第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分 7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What is the man doing?
A.Asking for help for himself.
B.Reporting a car accident.
C.Asking about a little girl.
2.Who typed the composition?
A.Lucy. B.Mary.
C.Barbara.
3.How many times does the woman go to the library each week?
A.Five times. B.Four times.
C.Three times.
4.Which season does the man prefer?
A.Winter. B.Summer.
C.Autumn.
5.What’s the most probable relationship between the two speakers?
A.Boss and clerk.
B.Teacher and student.
C.Father and daughter.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
请听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.What was the woman’s plan for this afternoon?
A.To go fishing. B.To go to a lecture.
C.To study the solar system.
7.How long will the lecture last?
A.For an hour.
B.For one and a half hours.
C.For two hours.
请听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8.Why does the man call the woman?
A.To hand in his report. B.To remind her of a trip.
C.To invite her to a trip.
9.What day is it today?
A.Sunday. B.Friday.
C.Wednesday.
请听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.When will the woman go to see the play?
A.On April 5th. B.On April 6th.
C.On April 7th.
11.How many tickets does the woman want?
A.Five. B.Three.
C.Two.
12.What does the woman want to do in the end?
A.Learn about a club. B.Ask about the show.
C.Have a talk with Sophie.
请听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13.How long has the man been here?
A.For a week. B.For two weeks.
C.For two months.
14.Which class is the woman in?
A.Art Class One. B.Art Class Two.
C.Art Class Three.
15.Where is the woman staying?
A.In a hotel. B.In her friend’s house.
C.With a local family.
16.Who needs a roommate?
A.The man’s sister. B.The man’s friend.
C.Tom’s sister.
请听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.When did Solar Impulse 1 fly across the United States?
A.In 2013.　　　 B.In 2012.　　　
C.In 2010.
18.Where was Solar Impulse 2 recently shown?
A.In Spain. B.In Switzerland.
C.In Morocco.
19.What do we know about Solar Impulse 2?
A.It can fly at 140 km per hour.
B.Its wings are 73 meters across.
C.It can fly for about 8，000 meters.
20.How long will Solar Impulse 2 be able to fly around the world?
A.10 to 15 days and nights.
B.15 to 20 days and nights.
C.20 to 25 days and nights.
?听力原文
Text 1
W：911.Can I help you?
M：Yes.I just saw a car accident.A little girl is badly hurt.We are at the crossing of Pine Road and High Street.
Text 2
M：Lucy，this composition is quite well written.Did you write it all by yourself?
W：Of course I wrote it myself，but Barbara helped me to type it，and Mary lent me some background material.
Text 3
W：Mark，do you go to the library every day?
M：No.I usually go there on Monday，Wednesday and Friday.What about you?
W：I go to the library on the same days as you，but I also go there every Saturday.
Text 4
W：Jack，which season do you like best，spring，summer or autumn?
M：Actually none of them is my favorite season.
W：Really？I thought you’d like summer best.
M：I do like swimming in summer，but I prefer skiing.
Text 5
M：Why are you late again，Lisa?
W：Sorry.My clock didn’t work this morning，and my father wasn’t at home.
M：Don’t forget to get your clock fixed.Now go to your seat.
W：Thanks，Mr Smith.
Text 6
W：David，what’s your plan for this afternoon?
M：I’m going to a lecture.What about you?
W：I’m considering going fishing in the country.I need to relax.By the way，what is the lecture mainly about?
M：About how our solar system was formed.I’m really interested in this topic.
W：Me，too.I guess I’ll go to the lecture instead of going fishing.When will it begin?
M：At 1：30 pm.And it’ll end at 3：30 pm.
Text 7
W：Hello.
M：Hello，Carol.It’s Mike. We were given a letter last week about the geography field trip.I just want to remind you that it needs to be signed by your parents，and it should be handed in by tomorrow.
W：Are we leaving on Sunday or Monday for the trip?
M：All the information is given in the letter.Final details will be posted on the notice board on Friday morning，the day after tomorrow.
W：OK.Thank you，Mike.
M：You’re welcome.
Text 8
M：Westbury Theatre. Can I help you?
W：Yes.I’d like to book some tickets for the children’s play Cinderella.
M：When would you like to go?
W：The afternoon of either the sixth or the seventh of April.
M：I’m sorry.There are no more tickets for the sixth.
W：OK，the seventh then.How much are they?
M：$12.50 each.Children under sixteen pay only $8.25 if they’re with an adult.
W：All right.I’d like tickets for two adults and three children，please.Can you tell me who is in it?
M：Cinderella is played by Sophie Disley.
W：Oh，I haven’t heard of her.
M：She was in The Storm on television.
W：Really？And the show starts at 3：15，doesn’t it?
M：That’s right，but you need to arrive at 2：30 to get your tickets.
W：OK，thanks.Can you tell me about your Children’s Club on Saturday mornings?
M：Call 7722801 and they’ll give you the information you need.
W：Great.I will get in touch with them at once. Thanks.
Text 9
M：Hi！I’m Robert.What’s your name?
W：Hello，Robert.My name’s Betty.
M：Hi，Betty.Are you a new student here?
W：Yes，I had my first lesson this morning.Are you a new student，too?
M：No，I’ve been here for two months.
W：Two months.That’s a long time.
M：It’s not so long really.What class are you in?
W：I am in Art Class Three.It’s for beginners.And what about you?
M：I am in Art Class One.How long have you been here?
W：Only a week.
M：Wow，not long.Where do you live？With a local family?
W：Well，I’m staying in the hotel at the moment.It’s a bit too far from here.I’m looking for somewhere nearer.Do you know of any good places?
M：Yes.Well，I have a friend called Tom.His sister has a spare room in her flat and she’s looking for a roommate.Would you like her phone number?
W：That would be great！Thanks for your help.
Text 10
In 2012，a team of pilots and engineers from Switzerland successfully flew a plane from Spain to Morocco.The plane Solar Impulse 1 was powered by sunlight.In 2013，the same pilots flew the plane across the United States.Now the team is preparing for a flight around the world in 2015.They will fly in the new plane.The plane is named Solar Impulse 2.It was recently shown in the pilot’s country.
Solar Impulse 2 is a very light airplane.Its wings are 63 meters across.The plane can fly at a speed of up to 140 kilometers per hour.The longest flight of Solar Impulse 1 was made in May 2013.The plane flew a distance of over 1，500 kilometers.Solar Impulse 2 will be able to fly much longer distances between stops.The airplane will be able to fly around the world in 20 to 25 days and nights.
Let’s all wait for the arrival of that important day when the airplane will start its flight around the world.
答案　1.B　2.C　3.B　4.A　5.B　6.A　7.C　8.B 9.C　10.C　11.A　12.A　13.C　14.C　15.A　16.C 17.A　18.B　19.A　20.C
第二部分　阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)
第一节(共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Do you know how to plant a tree? Once you’ve chosen a tree, you’ll need to prepare your place for planting.
Planting the Tree
Dig a hole a foot deeper than and twice as wide as the root ball of the new tree.Loosen the soil at the bottom and sides of the hole, so roots will be able to easily enter the soil.
Gently remove the tree from the container and guide the tree into the hole.Build soil up and around the roots if necessary, so the tree is at the same soil level as it was originally grown.
Straighten the tree in the hole.Before you begin filling, have someone view the tree from several directions to confirm that the tree is straight.You should fill the hole with existing soil that has been mixed with rich materials.At this time you can also add bone meal and then water the tree.
Caring for the Tree
Caring for the tree once it is planted, is an important step so you should provide regular watering.Always feel the soil before watering, as over-watering can also harm the tree.When soil is dry below the surface of the covering, it’s time to water.You will probably need to water at least once a week.Continue until mid-fall, when lower temperatures call for less-frequent watering.
When to Plant a Tree
Now that you know how to plant a tree, the next step is deciding when to plant.Spring and fall are generally the best times to plant a tree.This gives the tree time to adjust(调整) before summer heat or winter cold arrives.In areas without cold winters, trees may be planted during the winter.
【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍的是如何植树、如何养护树木以及最佳植树时间。
21.Which of the following is one of the suggestions for planting a tree?
A.Making the tree straight in the hole.
B.Watering the tree as much as possible.
C.Filling the hole with soil without anything.
D.Planting the tree in winter is best for its growth.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第四段第一句Straighten the tree in the hole.可知，要确保放进树坑里的树是直的，选项A正确，故选A。]
22.What can we learn from “Caring for the Tree”？
A.It is necessary to keep the soil in the hole from getting dry.
B.It isn’t very important to care for it after the tree is planted.
C.It is very important to make sure that the soil in the hole is dry.
D.It is necessary to water the tree frequently in lower temperatures.
答案　A　[推理判断题。根据第五段第三句When soil is dry below the surface of the covering, it’s time to water.可知，当土壤变干时，就该浇水了。也就是说，要避免土壤变干，选项A正确，故选A。]
23.Why are spring and fall the best times to plant trees?
A.Both seasons don’t have much rain.
B.It is easy to dig holes in both seasons.
C.Trees can grow faster and well in both seasons.
D.Trees have time to prepare to pass the following hard times.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句This gives the tree...or winter cold arrives.可知，春天和秋天种的树有充足的调整时间，以应对炎热的夏天或寒冷的冬天的来临。故选D。]
B
Sure，it’s good to get along well with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant.
And yes，it’s good to get along well with your teacher because，in general，it’s smart to learn how to get along well with the different types of people you’ll meet throughout your life.
In fact，kids who get along well with their teachers not only learn more，but they’re more comfortable with asking questions and getting extra help.This makes it easier for them to understand new materials and makes them do their best on tests.When you have this kind of relationship with a teacher，he or she can be someone to turn to with problems，such as problems with learning or school issues (问题).
Here is a question：What if you don’t get along with your teachers? In fact，teachers want to get along well with you and enjoy seeing you learn.But teachers and students sometimes have personality clashes (个性冲突)，which can happen between any two people.If you show your teacher that you want to make the situation better，he or she will probably do everything possible to make that happen.By dealing with a problem like this，you learn something about how to get along with people who are different from you.
However if a certain teacher isn’t your favorite，you can still have a successful relationship with her or him especially ________.Here are some of those responsibilities (责任)：
Attend class ready to learn.
Be prepared for class with the right stationery，books，and completed assignments (作业).
Listen when your teacher is talking.
Do your best，whether it’s a classroom assignment，homework，or a test.
【语篇解读】　和老师相处融洽不但有利于学习，还可以锻炼你的社交能力，本文教你如何与老师相处。
24.According to the passage，getting along well with your teachers will make you ________.
A.have no problems with study
B.get a better seat in the classroom
C.get the best scores in the exams
D.have more pleasant time in the classroom
答案　D　[细节理解题。由第一、三段可知D项正确。]
25.The underlined word “that” in the fourth paragraph refers to ________.
A.the happy time you have in the classroom
B.getting along very well with classmates
C.a better relationship between you and your teacher
D.the disappearance of personality differences
答案　C　[代词指代题。结合整句来看，that是指to make the situation better，本段讲述的是师生之间有了个性冲突后，你该如何做，由此判断出C项正确。]
26.Which of the following can be filled in the blank?
A.if you fulfill(履行) your basic responsibilities as a student
B.if you are thought of as a good student
C.if you know some basic social skills
D.if you are easy-going and helpful
答案　A　[逻辑推理题。根据后面所列举的学生应该履行的一些责任可知，如果你履行了这些基本职责的话，即使你不喜欢那个老师，你也可以和他/她成功相处。因此，A项正确。]
27.What does the passage mainly talk about?
A.The importance of friendship in schools.
B.The importance of a good relationship with your teachers.
C.Studying skills for students.
D.Useful skills to get along well with your teachers.
答案　B　[主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了和谐师生关系的重要性。文章前三段讨论了其重要性，只是在文章最后提及了学生如果能履行一些基本职责的话，也可能和老师建立良好的关系。]
C
Are you scared about moving up to senior high school? It can be a new experience, but you shouldn’t worry.We’ve put together a guide on how to survive the first week.
You’re not alone
Remember everybody__else__in__your__year__is__in__the__same__boat.They may not realize it, but they’re just as nervous as you are.Moving to senior high is an opportunity, not a problem.Things are different and all you need to do is be polite and learn the new rules.
Teachers are ready to help
If you’re unsure what to do or are worried about anything, then you had better ask for help.Teachers are probably the best people to turn to as they’re experienced in helping new students.Some senior high schools also have a “friends system”.If your school has this, then you will be paired with an older student.They will look out for you and help you if you have any problems or questions.
All change
There are lots of differences between junior high school and senior high school.You’ll have a homework diary or a student planner.You will have your lessons with different teachers in different rooms.You will have homework for different subjects on different days, so make sure you get organized.Make sure you have a copy of your school timetable written down so you know which rooms your classes are in and on which days you will have your different subjects.
Other points
If you’ve got an older brother or sister at school, then ask them for advice.
Be yourself! It sounds simple, but people will know you much better if you just act naturally.
Having early nights makes a difference and you’ll find it easier to get up in the morning!
【语篇解读】　本文向刚刚步入高中的新生提供了一些如何适应新的高中学习生活的建议。
28.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined sentence?
A.Other students have similar feelings to yours.
B.Other students have to learn boating with you.
C.Other students will help you solve your problems.
D.Other students will teach you politeness and new rules.
答案　A　[句意猜测题。根据第二段中的but they’re just as nervous as you are可知，别的学生对高中生活的感受和你是一样的。]
29.The new students turn to teachers first when having problems because ________.
A.teachers won’t blame them as parents do
B.teachers are good at helping solve problems
C.teachers are equal to every student
D.parents are too busy to help them
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的as they’re experienced in helping new students可知，老师们经验丰富，善于帮助解决问题。]
30.What’s the purpose of the passage?
A.To tell students the importance of learning.
B.To warn students not to ignore friendship in senior high.
C.To make a difference when moving up to senior high.
D.To help new students to get used to the life in senior high.
答案　D　[写作意图题。结合第一段中的We’ve put together a guide on how to survive the first week.及下文的建议可知，作者的写作意图是帮助刚刚步入高中的学子尽快适应高中的学习生活。]
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It is necessary but difficult for English beginners to memorize new words，and long lists of words seem to make the task impossible.They are puzzled why they try to memorize words with great efforts but forget them easily.That’s why there are often inquiries about how to memorize new words.__31__ Here are some tips to help.
__32__ We too often separate the process of new words memorization from pronunciation.In fact these two can be combined and each will enhance the other.Saying the word to ourselves helps activate hearing memory，which helps the memory.__33__ The more familiar we are with the word，the greater chance we will have to keep it for the rest of our life.
Never memorize single English words.__34__ Relate the word to terms we already know，either as synonym(同义词) or antonym(反义词).For example，the word “gargantuan” is similar in meaning to words “gigantic”，“huge” and “large”.Make an order of words：“small，medium，large，gigantic，and gargantuan”.
Create a mental image of the word that involves strong emotions.Think “The gargantuan whale is going to swallow me whole”.
Learning English words requires action.Complaining how difficult it is to memorize new words will be of little help.__35__ Have a try with ten words a day and you will see what a difference you will make in our English learning.
A.So take action right now.
B.Speak the word while memorizing it.
C.Memorizing new words is very important.
D.Actually，some have given up learning new words.
E.In fact，learning new words needn’t be that difficult.
F.Make as many associations and connections as possible.
G.The sound of word helps us recall the spelling and familiarizes us with the word.
【语篇解读】　对于一个初学者来说，学习英语是很难的，尤其是记单词，本文就怎么样更好地记单词提出了几点建议。
31.E　[空前的意思是：那就是为什么经常有些人询问怎样记忆新单词。空后的意思是：这儿是一些建议。所以这里选E(事实上学习新单词没有那么难。)与上下文一致。]
32.B　[空后的意思是：我们通常在记单词的时候脱离了发音。所以这里选B(在记忆的时候说出这个单词。)与上下文一致。]
33.G　[空前的意思是：说出单词有利于活跃听力记忆，从而增强记忆。空后的意思是：我们对单词越熟悉，我们就越容易在我们以后的生活中记住。所以这里选G(单词的声音可以帮助我们回忆单词的拼写。)与上下文一致。]
34.F　[空前的意思是：永远不要记忆单个的单词。空后的意思是：把所学的单词和词条相联系，或者同义词，或者反义词。所以这里选F(尽可能多地去联想和联系。)与上下文一致。]
35.A　[空前的意思是：抱怨记忆单词有多难一点儿帮助都没有。空后的意思是：试着一天记忆十个单词，你将会在学习英语上取得很大的进步。所以这里选A(现在就行动。)与上下文一致。]
第三部分　语言运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Many years ago，Dad worked as a farmhand(农场工人).At that time，he had a horse.Every Saturday he __36__ to the town after dinner and spent a few hours on social __37__ with other farmhands，such as drinking，chatting，and playing cards in the café.On Saturday evenings，the café was __38__ because many farmhands were there.Before midnight Dad returned home on his horse，quite satisfied with his __39__.In his words，he __40__ thought of changing his job.
At the age of 31，Dad married my mother who was a schoolteacher.In the following spring I came __41__ into the world.Life became hard，so my mother felt __42__.She told Dad that they must make a __43__.My mother had __44__ of how some famous persons，especially Thomas Edison who was born in a poor family，fought against fate and achieved greatness and __45__.And she __46__ that I would some day become a great leader __47__ men or cities and Dad should be a successful businessman.So she __48__ Dad to give up his job as a farmhand，sell his horse and __49__ a small business of his own.And I went to high school and college.She even sent me abroad for __50__ education when I graduated from college.Under the drive of my mother’s hope，Dad and I __51__ what we have today.Dad runs a big international __52__ and I am a successful lawyer __53__ great fame in my country，__54__ not a leader as my mother expected.
Dad said，without my mother，we wouldn’t be what we are today.At least，he would remain a farmhand.__55__ he got a lesson of life—sometimes we really need drive from outside.
【语篇解读】　作者的父亲原来过着普通的生活。父亲和母亲结婚后，在母亲的督促和劝说下， 父亲成功地开办了公司， 作者也成为成功的律师。作者得出人生的感悟：有时候人确实需要外界的督促和鼓励， 才能把潜力发挥出来。
36.A.rode B.walked
C.ran D.drove
答案　A　[每周六他都骑马去镇上……根据下文的Dad returned home on his horse可知答案。]
37.A.conversations B.games
C.relationships D.activities
答案　D　[和别的农夫参加一些社会活动。根据下文的such as drinking，chatting and playing cards in the café可知答案。]
38.A.cold B.crowded
C.quiet D.dirty
答案　B　[咖啡馆里总是挤满了人……，根据because many farmhands were there可知答案。]
39.A.horse B.entertainment
C.life D.beer
答案　C　[爸爸对自己的生活非常满意。life生活。]
40.A.often B.ever
C.never D.sometimes
答案　C　[用他的话说， 他从来没有想过改变自己的工作。根据上文可知答案。]
41.A.laughing B.singing
C.sleeping D.crying
答案　D　[在第二年春天我哭着来到这个世界上。cry哭。]
42.A.unimportant B.busy
C.unsatisfied D.tired
答案　C　[生活变得艰难了， 所以妈妈感到不满意了。unsatisfied不满意的。]
43.A.living B.change
C.decision D.house
答案　B　[妈妈告诉爸爸说， 必须要改变。make a change进行改变。]
44.A.dreamed B.heard
C.thought D.spoken
答案　B　[妈妈听说过一些名人如何……，hear of听说。]
45.A.honesty B.money
C.fame D.energy
答案　C　[根据常识可知， 爱迪生与生活抗争，获得了成功和名誉。fame名声。]
46.A.cared B.knew
C.forgot D.hoped
答案　D　[她希望我有一天会成为伟大的领导者， 统治人们或城市……，根据下文的________not a leader as my mother expected可知答案。]
47.A.training B.ruling
C.helping D.protecting
答案　B　[参考上一题的解析。由leaders可知，此处是指统治。]
48.A.warned B.wanted
C.allowed D.persuaded
答案　D　[所以她说服父亲放弃了农民的工作。persuade说服。]
49.A.start B.find
C.design D.sell
答案　A　[开办了自己的公司。start a business开公司。]
50.A.farther B.higher
C.easier D.closer
答案　B　[她甚至送我到国外去接受更高的教育。]
51.A.showed B.kept
C.lost D.achieved
答案　D　[爸爸和我都赢得了我们今天所拥有的……，achieve实现，得到，赢得。]
52.A.company B.school
C.farm D.café
答案　A　[爸爸开办了一个大的跨国公司。根据run可知答案。]
53.A.suffering B.sharing
C.enjoying D.following
答案　C　[我是享有很高声望的成功律师。enjoy享有。]
54.A.though B.if
C.and D.since
答案　A　[虽然不是妈妈期望的领导人。根据上文可知答案。]
55.A.So B.However
C.Or D.Because
答案　A　[根据上一句话可知，此处是爸爸对生活的感悟，故选A。]
非选择题部分
第三部分　语言运用(共两节，满分45分)
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
One day，Nick invited his friends to supper.He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen.Suddenly，he 56.________ (find)that he had run out of salt.So Nick called to his son，“Go to the village and buy some salt，but pay a fair price for it：neither too much nor too little.”
His son looked 57.________ (surprise).“I can understand why I shouldn’t pay too much，Father，but if I can pay less，58.________ not save a bit of money？”
“That would be a very 59.________ (reason) thing to do in a big city，but it could destroy a small village like ours，”Nick said.
Nick’s guests，60.________ had heard their conversation，asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.Nick replied，“The only reason a man would sell salt 61.________ a lower price would be because he was desperate for money.And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect for the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard 62.________ (produce) it.”
“But such a small thing couldn’t 63.________ (possible) destroy a village.”
“In the beginning，there was only a very small amount of 64.________ (unfair) in the world，but everyone added a little，always 65.________ (think) that it was only small and not very important，and look where we have ended up today.”
答案　56.found　[整篇文章是叙述过去的事情，应该用过去时态，此空应填found。]
57.surprised　[根据语境可知，此处作表语并且修饰人，应用surprise的形容词形式surprised。]
58.why　[根据语境可知，此处表示说话人的建议，根据结构可知此处是“why not＋动词原形”表示提议，应填why。]
59.reasonable　[此处修饰名词thing，所以应该用形容词reasonable。]
60.who　[从结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代先行词guests，应用who。]
61.at　[固定搭配：“at a low/high price”意思是“以低价或高价”，应填介词at。]
62.to produce　[表示work的目的，故应用不定式。]
63.possibly　[此处修饰动词应该用副词形式，can’t possibly“不可能”，应填possibly。]
64.unfairness　[由前面的介词of可知应用名词形式。]
65.thinking　[根据结构可知，此处是非谓语动词短语作状语，动词think和主语everyone之间是主动关系，所以应该用现在分词thinking。]
第四部分　写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节　应用文写作(满分15分)
假如你是李华，是某中学高一新生。请你给以前的好朋友小明写封信。介绍你现在各方面的情况。包括以下内容：
1.学校环境优美，有一个很大的操场，绿树成荫；
2.老师对我们学习上要求严格，生活中很友好，关心同学；
3.高中生活充满压力，但是在老师的帮助下，我充满信心，一定会不断取得进步。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【参考范文】
Dear Xiaoming，
I am studying in No.1 Senior High.Our school is very beautiful with a big playground.There are green trees and all kinds of sweet flowers all the year round.The teachers are very strict with us in our study，but after class，they are friendly and care about us very much.We get along quite well with each other.
Stressful as the school life is，I am full of confidence.I think with the help of my teachers，I will make great progress.
Best wishes to you.
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节　读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
On Wednesday night，it was the closing time of the mall.But there was an hour’s work，at least，to get everything cleaned up.It would be 11：00 pm before I finally got home.I hadn’t even had time to have dinner.I was starving.My feet ached.My whole body was filled with tiredness.I couldn’t wait to go to bed.But it would be only 6 hours before the alarm went off at 5：00 am for my day job.
Things had been tight for over a year now.My husband Paul’s business had taken a huge hit.I have a full-time job at a day care center and somehow do my homework for my college class too.Then I had to work nights at the mall.Without me taking my second job，there wouldn’t be enough money to pay the bills，let alone buy any Christmas presents for our 15-year-old daughter，Marie.No one wanted to wake up on Christmas morning to an empty tree.
I barely even saw Paul and Marie anymore.Marie was growing up，but a teenage girl still needs her mom.I worried about her，about us.Was she eating enough？Keeping up with her schoolwork？I wasn’t afraid of sacrifices.Everyone was having to work hard for the family.I knew I was blessed to have two jobs，when millions of people couldn’t find one.
How I hoped to quit my job at the day care center and obtain a full-time degree.I’d dropped down to one class a term.If I quit that，there was no way I’d find the willpower to try again.Besides，wasn’t I always telling Marie to keep hoping and never give__up?
My mind went back to the conversation I’d had with Marie earlier.Paul had dropped her off at the mall，where she was getting picked up for a babysitting job.“Remember we’re going Christmas shopping this night，”she said.“Now I’ll even have my own money.See you later.”
The floor was nearly done.The boss asked me to leave.
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
I opened the back door of the mall and saw Marie outside with a bag of food，smiling.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Paragraph 2：
I pulled her tight against me.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
【写作指导】
自作者丈夫的生意一年多以前遭受重创以来，作者全家都在为家庭付出。作者除了忙于自己的大学课程之外，每天还要打两份工——白天在日间托儿所做全职，晚上在商场做保洁，以此来维持家庭的日常开支。除此之外，作者还要攒钱给自己15岁的女儿买圣诞礼物。虽然每天都很辛苦，但作者不怕牺牲，而且她也不能就此放弃，要像自己告诉女儿的那样怀有希望，永不放弃。
Paragraph 1的开头是“我打开商场的后门，看到Marie面带微笑拿着一袋食物站在外面”。结合上文作者没有吃饭、为了家庭努力工作的内容及所给出的第二段的开头“我紧紧地抱着她”可知，本段可能涉及作者的女儿为作者买了晚餐，以及作者吃饭时女儿对作者说了让作者感动的话等内容。写作时可用到的关键词有：mall，dinner，job，babysitting，give up等。
Paragraph 2的开头是“我紧紧地抱着她”，再结合Paragraph 1的内容可推断出，本段应是有关作者的心理描写，内容应是有关作者女儿的话引发的作者的一些思考(如：虽然现在的生活比较艰苦，但只要全家人一起努力，生活一定会往好的方向发展)。写作时可用到的关键词有：alarm，bills，sacrifices等。
【参考范文】
Paragraph 1：
I opened the back door of the mall and saw Marie outside with a bag of food，smiling.She finished her job an hour before.She figured I didn’t have time for dinner，so she bought me a bag of food with her own money earned by babysitting and waited for me outside the mall all the time.While I was eating，she told me that I was her hero and she admired everything I was doing for the family.When she was babysitting long hours or when she was tired of doing homework，she thought about my hard work.She remembered to have hope for life and never give__up.
Paragraph 2：
I pulled her tight against me.Tomorrow the alarm would still ring at 5：00 am.The bills would still be waiting.There would be more rough days ahead.And yet I was ready to face them together with Paul and Marie，all of us willing to work hard and make sacrifices and holding on to each other.Things would get better with the love of a good family.