人教版新课标高中英语必修二 Unit 4　Wildlife protection 单元测试 含答案详解

Unit 4　Wildlife protection 　　
本套试卷分为第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分。总分120分。考试时间100分钟。
第Ⅰ卷
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)
第一节(共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分)
A
I suddenly heard an elephant crying as though frightened. Looking down, I immediately recognized that something was wrong, and ran down to the edge of the near bank. There I saw Ma Shwe with her three?month?old calf struggling in the fast?rising water, and it was a life?and?death struggle. Her calf was floating and screaming with fear. Ma Shwe was as near to the far bank as she could get, holding her whole body against the rushing water, and keeping the calf pressed against her huge body. Every now and then the rushing water would sweep the calf away. There was a sudden rise in the water and the calf was washed clean over the mother's body and was gone. Ma Shwe turned quickly to reach it and pressed the calf with her head and trunk(象鼻) against the rocky bank. Then with a huge effort, she picked it up in her trunk and tried until she was able to place it on a narrow shelf of rock.
Just at this moment, she went back into the river. If she were carried down, it would be certain death. I knew, as well as she did, that there was one spot (地点) where she could get to the bank, but it was on the other side from where she had put her calf. While I was wondering what I could do next，I heard the sound of a mother's love.Ma Shwe had crossed the river and got to the bank and was making her way back as fast as she could，roaring(吼叫) all the time，but to her calf it was music.
1．The moment the author got down to the river bank he saw________.
A．the calf was about to fall into the river
B．Ma Shwe was placing the calf on the rock
C．the calf was washed away by the rising water
D．Ma Shwe was holding the calf against the rushing water
2．How did Ma Shwe manage to save her calf from the fast?flowing water?
A．By putting it on a safe spot.
B．By pressing it against her body.
C．By taking it away with her.
D．By carrying it on her back.
3．What can be the best title for the text?
A．A mother's love B．A brave act
C．A deadly river D．A matter of life and death

B
Energy goes from one plant or animal to another. A food chain shows how this energy moves. Each time an animal gets eaten, its energy is passed onto the animal that eats it. The food chain is very important because it keeps the balance of nature. If one part of the food chain disappears, it can affect all the other plants and animals. Any threat to the food chain is a threat to the environment's biodiversity(生物多样性). The food chain helps keep animal populations in balance. However, if something happens to damage one of the links in the food chain, that balance is broken. If one animal becomes endangered, it puts all the animals above it at risk.
Some of the threats are natural, such as wildfires, hurricanes, tornados, floods and so on. But the biggest threats to the food chain come from you and me. These threats include overfishing, logging, farming, development, pollution, etc. The food chain is endangered everywhere humans have had an effect on the natural environment.
A recent study shows that the overfishing of large sharks is damaging the food chain along the US Atlantic coast. Canadian and American scientists say sharks are being killed in great numbers for their meat and fins(鳍). Now, not enough sharks are around to eat the cownose ray. The ray's population has increased and they have eaten up the shellfish to the point where it has hurt commercial(商业的) fishing.
Many of us disturb the natural environment in our own backyards. It's up to us to take care of the environment and try not to disrupt the natural food chain. If we don't act responsibly, animals will start disappearing.
4．What can we learn from Paragraph 1?
A．The food chain is not easy to be broken.
B．The energy of an animal usually disappears when it dies.
C．Increasing the links will not break the balance of nature.
D．Breaking the food chain is bad for the biodiversity of the environment.
5．The study mentioned in Paragraph 3 proves that ________.
A．human activities can be a big threat to the food chain
B．we are all responsible for the breaking of the food chain
C．natural disasters are hard to break the food chain
D．hunting large sharks for meat is beneficial
6．We can infer that the writer wrote this passage mainly to ________.
A．explain what the food chain is
B．tell us something interesting about nature
C．suggest that we stop eating meat to save animals
D．suggest that we should not disrupt the natural food chain
C
There are few creatures in the world as elegant as the bald eagle(秃鹰). That's part of the reason why, out of all of the animals in the world, the United States of America chose the bald eagle as the national bird.
Unfortunately, despite being beautiful, brave, and fiercely independent, these eagles haven't always had the easiest time of it.
Like many of the disappearing animals, these creatures have suffered over the last century. The massive, elegant hunters once lived all across North America before their populations started decreasing sharply—largely due to the use of some pesticides (杀虫剂). In fact, researchers estimate that in the 1800s, there were hundreds of thousands of these birds, but by the 1950s there were fewer than 1，000 of these beautiful wild animals left.
But just when things were looking hopeless, this nation banded together, and decided that it was time, once and for all, to do something to save the national bird!
In the 1940s, an act was put into place to protect bald eagles from all forms of trapping and hunting.
By 1967, the populations had made some small strides, though the numbers were still low enough for the bird to be placed on the endangered species list.
Then, in the 1970s, the United States made the biggest step towards protecting the eagle (and countless other species) by banning the pesticide DDT.
In humans, the pesticide DDT is poisonous and linked to cancer. In birds, it causes eggshells to become too thin and the bird eggs will hatch(孵化) too soon, keeping bird populations from growing.
By the 1980s, a group of fewer than 1，000 birds had swelled to 100，000 bald eagles.
In 2007, the bald eagle was removed from the endangered species list, indicating how completely the bird has recovered in the past 50 years. It is a sign that the bald eagle is free in America once more.
7．What's the main reason for the sharp decrease in the bald eagle population?
A．Farmers' hunting. B．Habitat destruction.
C．Pesticides using. D．Global warming.
8．What marks the biggest step to protect the bald eagle?
A．The pesticide DDT being banned.
B．More young bald eagles being hatched.
C．The approval of the act forbidding hunting bald eagles.
D．Bald eagles being placed on the endangered species list.
9．The author develops the passage mainly by ________．
A．presenting cause and effect
B．providing typical examples
C．comparing different opinions
D．following the time order
10．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．How bald eagles died out
B．How America chose the national bird
C．How America discovered a rare kind of birds
D．How America saved a national treasure from extinction
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What is your favourite colour? Do you like yellow, orange or red? __11__Do you prefer greys and blues? Then you are probably quiet, shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be a pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know, because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colour preference, as well as the effect that colours have on human beings. __12__If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.
__13__A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. __14__A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides than any other bridge in the area—until it was repainted green. The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply. Perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue.
__15__It is an established fact that factory workers work better, harder, and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.
A．They tell us, among other facts, that we do not choose our favourite colour as we grow up—we are born with our preference.
B．On the other hand, black is depressing.
C．If you do, you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life.
D．Light and bright colours make people not only happier but more active.
E．Life is like a picture or a poem, full of different colours.
F．Colours do influence our moods—there is no doubt about it.
G．The rooms are painted in different colours as you like.
Ⅱ.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
From the time I was seven, I had a dream of becoming a member of the Students' Union. I always __16__ my school leaders for taking responsibility for all of us. So I dreamed of being a leader.
Years flew by, and soon I was able to participate in the elections, __17__ I would win. But the reality struck that I hadn't had a chance. I wasn't pretty. Girls across the school hardly knew me. I just did not have what it __18__ to win a school election. I was __19__．
As I cried in my room that evening, I __20__ took a deep breath and decided I wouldn't stop dreaming. I decided that I would __21__ for elections again in my final year at school—and I would win.
I recognized that my __22__ had a lot of things in their favour. What were the __23__ that would work in my favour? I had good grades, and I was friendly and helpful. And my biggest __24__was the faith I had. I would not allow my __25__ appearance to hold me back from putting my best foot forward. That evening, I __26__ my election plans a whole year in advance.
I realized that girls would have to get to know me and recognize that I had the ability to __27__ them. I loved making friends and I liked being helpful, __28__ I decided that perhaps I could use these qualities to work to my advantages. In order to learn how to present a great election __29__， I also attended a course on effective public speaking.
The day after the election, when the principal(校长) announced I won the second highest number of votes, the students __30__. That joy on the faces of all my friends showed me that my victory was __31__ theirs.
Suddenly, I realized that I had __32__ much more than I had dreamed of. I had made many new friends and had helped people __33__ the way. I had won the __34__ and love of my schoolmates and they knew me as somebody who would stand by them. I was able to put a smile on their faces and __35__ their day.
16．A.remembered B．admired C．praised D．believed
17．A.planning B．praying C．calculating D．judging
18．A.took B．assessed C．provided D．meant
19．A.concerned B．surprised C．depressed D．confused
20．A.gradually B．immediately C．impatiently D．suddenly
21．A.participate B．enter C．join D．attend
22．A.companions B．enemies
C．schoolmates D．competitors
23．A.points B．occasions C．methods D．examples
24．A.problem B．dream C．strength D．worry
25．A.plain B．young C．personal D．special
26．A.announced B．discussed C．began D．cancelled
27．A.recommend B．encourage C．support D．represent
28．A.but B．so C．then D．or
29．A.speech B．campaign C．ceremony D．promise
30．A.nodded B．cheered C．gathered D．cried
31．A.only B．also C．still D．almost
32．A.devoted B．accelerated C．accomplished D．developed
33．A.along B．by C．to D．in
34．A.appointment B．reputation C．election D．acceptance
35．A.rich B．bless C．expand D．brighten
第Ⅱ卷
Ⅲ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
The giant panda 36.________ (love) by people throughout the world. Chinese scientists 37.________ (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. She was a very 38.________ (care)mother. For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something 39.________ (eat)! She would not let any other pandas come near. She licked (舔) the baby to keep it clean. Any smell might attract dangerous 40.________ (animal) that would try to eat the little panda. The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. When it cried, she rocked it back and forth 41.________ gave it comforting pats, The mother continued to care for the young panda 42.________ more than two years. By that time, the panda no longer needed 43.________ (it) mother for food. However, it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest. Then, after two and a half years, the mother 44.________ (drive)the young panda away. It was time for her to have a new baby, and it was also time for 45.________ young panda to be independent.
Ⅳ.写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节　应用文写作(满分15分)
假设你叫李明，得知你市的国际会展中心(ICEC)正在招募志愿者的消息，你想在2017年暑假当志愿者，现在你需要根据志愿者的报名条件写一封英文申请信。
志愿者报名条件：
1．15岁以上，身体健康；
2．英语口语好，乐于助人；
3．能参加培训，假期能连续服务两周以上。
注意：词数80左右。
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第二节　概要写作(满分25分)
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Many of us invest valuable time, energy and money planning our vacations. We do this because we know for sure that going on vacations must be good for us. Research proves this feeling without a doubt. Vacations help us perform better at work, improve our sleep quality and cushion us against depression.
Yet, despite these benefits, many of us return home with a feeling that our last vacation was OK—but not great. In order to change this, some mistakes should be avoided.
A classic one for vacation planners is attempting to maximize value for money by planning trips that have too many contents. Perhaps you're planning a trip to Europe, seven cities in 10 days，and you realize it will cost only a little more to add two more destinations to the list. Sounds fine in theory, but hopping from one place to the next hardly gives an opportunity to experience what psychologists call mindfulness—time to take in our new surroundings, time to be present and absorb our travel experiences. Another mistake is that we worry too much about strategic issues such as how to find a good flight deal，how to get from A to B，or which destinations to add or subtract from our journey. These issues may seem important, but our psychological state of mind is far more important.
Actually, vacation happiness is based on the following top rules. First, choose your travel companions wisely, because nothing contributes more significantly to a trip than the right companions. Second，don't spend your vacation time in a place where everything is too expensive so as to maintain a positive mood. Third, shop wisely, for meaningful experiences provide more long?term happiness than physical possessions.
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参考答案 单元测试
Ⅰ.第一节 A
【文章大意】 本文主要讲述了作者在听到一头大象的哭声后，走近河岸边的所见所闻：一头母象为了挽救自己的幼崽，正在与凶猛的河水进行生死搏斗。经过她的不懈努力，她终于成功营救了自己的孩子。这个故事告诉我们动物之间也有和人一样的母子真情存在。
1．D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“There I saw Ma Shwe with her three?month?old calf struggling in the fast?rising water, and it was a life?and?death struggle.Her…holding her whole body against the rushing water…”可知， Ma Shwe在尽可能地贴近河岸，抓着小象并对抗湍急的流水。故选D项。
2．A　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中对Ma Shwe营救小象的细节的描写可知，Ma Shwe是在寻找一个安全的地方。文章第二段第三句话“I knew, as well as she did, that there was one spot (地点) where she could get to the bank, but it was on the other side from where she had put her calf.”再次说明她是通过把小象放到一个安全的地方来营救小象的。故选A项。
3．A　主旨大意题。由文章内容可知，这篇文章主要是讲母象Ma Shwe奋不顾身营救自己孩子的故事，体现了伟大的母爱。故选A项。
B
【文章大意】 文章主要讲的是食物链的重要作用和食物链面临的严重威胁。一些威胁来自自然界本身，像野火、飓风、洪水等。但是，最大的威胁来自人类活动。
4．D　细节理解题。根据“The food chain is very important because it keeps the balance of…Any threat to the food chain is a threat to the environment's biodiversity(生物多样性)．”可知，食物链的存在对维持大自然的生态平衡和生物多样性有着重要的作用，如果食物链遭到破坏，食物链上的所有动植物都会受到影响，故选D项。
5．A　推理判断题。根据第二段的“The food chain is endangered everywhere humans have had an effect on the natural environment.”可知，人类的过度捕捞和过度砍伐等行为已经给食物链带来了很大的威胁。第三段列举的是过度捕杀鲨鱼的例子，以此来说明人类活动对食物链产生的威胁，故选A项。
6．D　写作意图题。文章主要讲的是食物链的重要作用和食物链面临的威胁。根据最后一段的“It's up to us to take care of the environment and try not to disrupt the natural food chain. If we don't act responsibly, animals will start disappearing.”可知，人们应该自觉地保护环境，不去破坏自然界存在的食物链。故作者写这篇文章是在呼吁人们不要破坏自然界中的食物链，要爱护我们的环境，故选D项。
C
【文章大意】 在本文中作者介绍了美国对国鸟——秃鹰的挽救行动，最后经过人们的努力，秃鹰数量大大增加，从而使秃鹰从濒危灭绝生物名单中消失。
7．C　细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知秃鹰数量急剧减少的主要原因是杀虫剂的滥用，故选C。
8．A　细节理解题。根据文章第七段的内容可知DDT的禁止使用是美国迈出的保护秃鹰的一大步，故选A。
9．D　推理判断题。从文中事件的发展可知作者是按照时间顺序来行文的，故选D。
10．D　主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了美国政府对于秃鹰的拯救过程和采取的措施，故选D。
第二节
【文章大意】 你最喜欢什么颜色？心理学家告诉我们亮色使人精力充沛，而暗色让人压抑。
11．C　根据上句“你喜欢黄色、橙色和红色吗？”以及空后提到的喜欢灰色的人比较内向，常常扮演服从者的角色可推断出此处表示喜欢这类明亮颜色的人应该乐观积极，会扮演领导者的角色。故选C。
12．A　心理学家告诉我们，我们生来就有自己喜欢的颜色，故选A。
13．F　文章提到黄色让人开心放松，红色让人在悲伤的冬日感到温暖快乐，又说到泰晤士河上的黑色的大桥是很多人自杀的地方，故本段在讲颜色的确会影响我们的心情，故选F。
14．B　空前提到黄色和红色带给人的积极的影响而空后说到泰晤士河上的黑色的大桥是很多人自杀的地方，因此此处应为过渡句，应表示另一方面，即黑色给人压抑、沮丧的感觉。故选B。
15．D　下句说到当机器被粉刷成橙色时，工人的工作效率更高，事故更少，最后还是在肯定亮色对人们的积极影响。故选D。
Ⅱ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者一心梦想能够进入学生会，最后通过不懈努力终于赢得了选举，实现了自己的梦想。
16．B　根据语境可知作者一直梦想成为一位领导者，所以总是羡慕学校的领导们。
17．B　前文已经交代作者梦想成为学生会成员，既然有这样的梦想，那么当机会来临的时候，当然是祈祷能赢得选举，虽然实际上自己没有成功。
18．A　it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。此处是说赢得学校的选举“需要”什么。
19．C　作者不知道拿什么来赢得选举，因此感到非常沮丧。所以只有C项depressed (沮丧的)符合作者当时的心情。
20．D　根据上文可知，作者选举没有成功，因此当晚在自己的房间里哭了，但是又突然做了一个深呼吸并决定不放弃梦想。
21．B　作者决定在她在学校的最后一年重新参选。enter for sth报名参加……。
22．D　只要参加选举，就必然有竞争，所以一定会有竞争对手(competitor)。不要误选B，相互竞争并不意味着就是敌人。
23．A　作者分析对手优势很多，自己的优势又是什么。point要点，关键点。
24．C　结合前文内容可知，此处谈论的仍然是自己有哪些优势，所以选strength，意为“长处”。strength与advantage是同义词。
25．A　作者不想让自己普通的外表阻碍自己。plain普通的，平平的。
26．C　作者提前一年开始自己的选举计划。begin开始，着手于。
27．D　作者要竞选领导，领导当然要能够代表支持自己那些人的利益，所以选择D项。文章最后一段中的stand by也是提示。
28．B　空后的these qualities指的是上文所提到的“…loved making friends and I liked being helpful…”，前后构成因果关系，因此选择B项。
29．A　下文的public speaking是提示。为了学会在一个竞选演讲中如何表现自己，作者还参加了一个演讲培训。election speech竞选演讲。
30．B　作者赢得了选举，学生们当然应该为自己欢呼。cheer欢呼。
31．B　这次选举不仅是作者的胜利，也(also)是支持者们的胜利。
32．C　作者的本意只是在竞选中获胜，但获胜后作者突然意识到，除了实现了自己的梦想外，还得到了友情以及一路走来朋友们的支持和帮助，因此作者认为自己收获了比目标还要多的东西，所以选C。accomplish完成，实现。
33．A　在竞选的过程中，作者交了许多新朋友， 并在前进的道路上帮助别人。along the way沿途。
34．C　作者在选举中获胜，并赢得了同学们的关爱。
35．D　根据语境可知此处指照亮他们的生活，使他们高兴。brighten使快乐，使高兴。
Ⅲ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学家对野外大熊猫进行的研究工作。
36．is loved　根据句意可知大熊猫受到全世界人们的喜爱，用一般现在时的被动形式，故填is loved。
37．recently　修饰动词应该用副词形式，故填recently。
38．careful/caring　修饰名词mother应该用形容词，故填careful/caring。
39．to eat　不定式修饰something作后置定语。
40．animals　因为animal是可数名词，故应该用复数形式。
41．and　根据句意可知前后句之间是并列关系，故填and。
42．for　时间段前面用for，表示一段时间。
43．its　修饰名词用形容词性物主代词，故填its。
44．drove　根据文章时态判断用一般过去时。
45．the　指代前面提到的young panda，应该用定冠词the。
Ⅳ.第一节　One possible version：
Dear Sir or Madam，
I am a Senior One student, applying to be a volunteer for ICEC in the summer holiday of 2017. I'm 16 years old. I think I'm old enough to have some social service so that I can gain more experience.
English is my favourite at school and I can express myself well in English. Being healthy and active, I'm ready to help others. I hope to improve myself by volunteering and giving help to people. I will have a two?month holiday this year. I prefer to spend it differently then. I hope I can join in the training activities and work for ICEC.
I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Ming
第二节　One possible version:
There is no doubt that going on vacations is beneficial to us. (要点1) However, not all of us come back with the best feeling. (要点2) It may be caused by two mistakes: the attempting to maximize value for money by planning complex trips and too much worrying about strategic issues. (要点3) In fact, if you can choose your travel companions wisely, spend little time in a place where everything is too expensive and shop wisely, you are sure to have a happy vacation. (要点4)