上海新世纪英语高二年级下学期Unit 3 0n Friendship教材精讲

伴你成长高二新世纪（下）
Unit 3 On Friendship

知识要点：
1. 重点单词
单词 词性 中文含义 衍生词 相关用法
burden n.& v. 负担，重任；被……困扰，承受……负担， be burdened with
meanwhile adv. 同时(合成词)
indicate v. 表明、表示 n. indication
zero v. 把注意力集中于…… zero in on
affection n. 友爱，爱情 是affect的衍生词 affect v．影响、(=have an effect on)
respect n. 尊敬 adj. respectable show respect to sb．
define v. 给……下定义 n. definition
mean adj. 吝啬的 n. meaning意思意义means手段、方式 by means of通过……手段by no means决不
approachable adj. 随和的，易接近的

2．重点词组
支持，对……有利 go for
关心，在意 care about
吸引注意力 draw(one’s attention)
易接近的，易到达的 be approachable
放松，舒适 at ease
不费力地 with ease
以……为基础 base…on
把注意力集中于…… zero in on
同时 meanwhile
集中精力在 focus．．．on．．．
显得高兴容光焕发 light up
贬低 tear．．．down
依附于附在 attach…to
实际上 in reality=actually=in fact
互相迁就 give and take
向某人传达(送)信息、消息 convey sth．to sb．

3．重点句型
Furthermore, the more you smile，the more natural your smile will be．
It is learning when to talk that is important．

4．重点语法
The Structure for Emphasis(1)强调结构(1)

(一)Text
Vocabulary and Patterns
1．go for：be suitable for适合于，支持，对……有利
She showed some qualities going for her in the speech，and thus got the first prize．
她在演讲中展示出有利的素质，因此赢得了一等奖。
注意：go in for爱好，从事
With the Olympics drawing near，more and more people go in for sports．
随着奥运会的临近，越来越多的人们爱好体育活动了

2．care v.
(1) to think that something or someone is important，SO that you are interested in it，
worried about it etc关心，在意
11 care about关心，在乎
In modern society what many people seem to care about is only money．
现代社会很多人在乎的似乎只是钱。
I care about him and hate to see him SO sad 1ike this．
我很关心他，不喜欢看到他如此伤心。
② care what／how／whether etc．
She will not care what she can do as long as she can stay with her friend．
只要能和她朋友在一起，她不在意做什么。
(2) As if I cared!--Something is not important to you at a11． 好像我在乎似的!
As if I cared whether he comes with us or not! 好像我在乎他来不来一样!(谁稀罕)
(3) care for somebody／something：to look after someone who is not able to look after themselves；take care of照顾，关心
He thanked the nurses for their caring for him while he was sick．
他向在他患病期间一直照顾他的护士们道谢。
In China the old are being well cared for．
在中国，老年人们被照顾得很好。
(4) not care for somebody／something：not like someone or something
I don't much care for his parents． 我不大喜欢他的父母。

3．draw v．(drew，drawn)
(1) to produce a picture of something using a pencil，pen etc． 画
Kate had，drawn a cottage with a little stream running next to it。
凯特画了一座小房子，旁边有一条小溪流过。
She asked the little girl to draw a picture of the man she’d spoken to．
她让小姑娘为与她讲话的人画一幅像。
draw somebody something为某人画……
Can you draw me a map of how to get there?
您能为我画一幅如何到那里的地图吗?
(2) draw(somebody's)attention：to make someone notice something
draw(somebody’s)attention to： 吸引注意力
I have been asked to draw your attention to the fo11owing points．
有人要求我请您关注以下几点。
The Iraq War has drawn international attention．
这个案子吸引了世界范围的注意。
（3) draw a conclusion：to decide that a particular fact or principle is true according to
the information you have been given得出结论
It would be unwise to draw firm conclusions from the results of a single survey．
根据一个调查的结果就作出确切的结论是不明智的。
(4) draw somebody to something：to attract someone or make them want to do something
吸引某人做某事
What first drew you to teaching?
是什么最初使你产生教书的念头的? ，
The festival is likely to draw huge crowds．
这个节日有可能吸引大批的人。
(5) draw near／closer：to become closer in time or space将要来临，接近
Maria grew anxious as the men drew closer．随着那人接近，玛丽娅变得紧张。
Christmas is drawing near． 圣诞节马上到了。
(6) to move someone or something in a particular direction by pulling them gently
Bobby drew a chair up to the table．鲍比把一把椅子拉到桌前。
Mike drew me aside to whisper in my ear．麦克把我拉到一边低声耳语。
(7) to take money from your bank account；withdraw(从银行中)取款，提款
Mr．Smith drew $8,000 in cash from a China bank．
史密斯先生从中国的一家银行提取了8000美元的现金。
(8) especially British English to finish without either side winning in a game such as
football(比赛)打平，战平
It is really a close game．The two teams drew 3：3．
真是一场势均力敌的比赛。两队3比3平。
The German football team drew with the Chinese football team in the final．
决赛中，德国足球队与中国队战成平局。

4·approachable adj．
(1) friendly and easy to talk to易接近的
As a teacher Mr．Li is very approachable．作为一名教师，李先生很平易近人。
(2) easy to reach易到达的
The top of the mountain is approachable only by going up some very long steps．
只有爬上那些高高的台阶才能登上山顶。
approach v:
to move towards or nearer to someone or something接近
As I approached the house，I noticed a light upstairs．
当我接近那座房子的时候，我注意到楼上有灯光。
She heard footsteps approaching． 她听到脚步声在接近。
approach n.
a method of doing something or dealing with a problem 方法
(1) approach to
a new approach to teaching languages 教授语言的新方法。
He decided to adopt a different approach and teach the Bible through story telling．
他决定采用一种不同的方法，通过讲故事来教圣经。
(2) (time or event)is getting closer(时间或事件)接近
the approach of autumn秋天的脚步近了
It’s a sign of the approach of middle age这是快到中年的标志。
(3) movement towards or near to something靠近，接近
Our approach frightened the birds．我们的靠近惊坏了鸟儿。

5. at ease：
feeling relaxed, especially in a situation in which people might feel a little nervous放松，舒适
She felt completely at ease with Bernard．她和伯纳德在一起觉得彻底放松。
(1) put／set somebody at(their)case(=make someone feel relaxed)
she had an ability to put people at their ease． 她有能力让人放松。
(2) with ease：if you do something with ease, it is very easy for you to do it不费力地
They won with ease． 他们轻而易举地取得了胜利。

6．convey v．
(1) to communicate or express something，with or、without using words传达(意见，感情)
All this information can be conveyed in a simple diagram．
所有这些信息可以用一简单图表来表示。
Ads convey the message that thin is beautiful．
广告传达着这样的信息：瘦即是美。
He was sent to convey a message to the U．N．Secretary General．
他被派去带个信给联合国秘书长。
11 convey something to somebody
I want to convey to children that reading is one of life’s greatest treats．
我想带给孩子们这样的信息：读书是人生一大乐事。
② convey a sense／an impression／an idea etc．
You don’t want to convey the impression that there’s anything illegal going on.
你不想带着这样的感觉：有什么不法的事在发生。
(2) to take or carry something from one place to another运送，携带
Your luggage will be conveyed to the hotel by taxi．您的行李将由出租车运到旅馆。

7·zero in on(sb.／sth.)：
to direct all your attention towards a particular person or thing
直接对准，注意力集中于
She immediately zeroed in on the weak point in his argument．
她一下子切中了他争辩中的弱点。

8．focus on
(1) to give special attention to one particular person or thing，or to make people do
关注，注意力集中
He needs to focus more on his career． 他需要对事业多加关注。 ，
focus your attention／mind／efforts on something
She tried to focus her mind on her work． 她试图集中精神工作。
we need to focus public attention on this issue． 我们需要公共聚焦于此事件。
(2) to point a camera or telescope at something，and change the controls slightly so that you can see that thing clearly．(照相机，望远镜)聚焦于
She turned the camera and focused on Martin’s face。她转动照相机将它对准马丁的脸。
(3)(eyes)if your eyes focus，or if you focus your eyes，you look at something and can see it clearly
All eyes focused on her．所有的眼睛都盯着她。
His eyes were focused straight ahead． 他眼睛注视着前方。

9．1ight up
(1) to give light to a place or to shine light on something点燃，使光亮
The flames lit up the sky．烟花照亮天空。
(2) to become bright with light or color照亮
At night the harbor lights up．夜晚海港灯火通明。
As the screen lit up，he typed in his password．屏幕亮了，他输入了密码。
(3) if someone’s face or eyes light up，they show pleasure，excitement etc．容光焕发
light up with
His eyes lit up with laughter． 笑意闪亮了他的眼。
Her face lit up with pleasure． 快乐使她容光焕发。
Suddenly a smile lit up her face． 她脸上突然浮现出微笑。
(4) (informal)to light a cigarette点烟
I watched Paul light up again． 我看见保罗又点燃了香烟。

10. attribute n.
a quality or feature, especially one that is considered to be good or useful素质，品质
What attributes should a good manager possess?
一个好的经理应该具备什么素质?

(二)Additional reading
1．attach v．
(1) attach something to something：to fasten or connect one object to another；fix附上，贴上
Attach a recent photograph to your application form．在你的申请表上附上你近期的照片。
（2）be attached to somebody／something：to like someone or something very much , because you have known them or had them for a long time依恋，喜爱
It’s easy to become attached to the children you work with．
你很容易就会和你在一起的孩子产生依恋的情绪。

2．indicate v．
(1) to show that a particular situation exists, or that something is likely to be true 表明
Indicate (that)
Research indicates that over 81 percent of teachers are dissatisfied with their salary.
研究表明超过81％的教师对薪水不满意。
The study indicates a connection between poverty and crime．
这项研究表明贫穷和犯罪之间有联系。
(2) to say or do something to make your wishes，intentions etc．clear 表明
The Russians have already indicated their willingness t0 cooperate．
俄罗斯人已经表示了他们愿意合作。
Professor Johnson has indicated his intention to retire at the end of next year．
罗纳森教授表明了明年年底退休的打算。
indication n．

3．outlook n．
(1) one’s general attitude to life and the world观点，看法
outlook on对……观点、看法
He’s got a good outlook on life． 他对生活很乐观。
Exercise will improve your looks and your outlook．
锻炼将改善你的外表和世界观。
positive／optimistic outlook 积极／乐观的态度
She still has an optimistic outlook for the future．
她仍旧对未来抱有乐观的态度。
(2)what is expected to happen in the future
outlook for展望，前景
The outlook for the weekend is unsettled，with periods of heavy rain．
这周末没什么盼头了，有大雨。
a bright outlook for future对未来的美好憧憬
economic／financial／political etc．outlook经济／财政／政治前景
a bleak economic outlook it／Western Europe西欧的惨淡经济前景

4．affection n．
a feeling of liking or love and caring；fondness喜爱，挚爱
affection for
She had a deep affection for the old man． 她深爱这个老人。
She looked back on those days with affection．她满怀爱意回忆那段时光。
Their father never showed them much affection．他们的父亲从未表现出对他们的爱。

分层练习
A．基础练习
I．Spelling．
a．Fill in the blanks with a word using the hints of its English meaning．
1．easy to talk to or deal friendly． a__________
2．an object that is able both to attract iron and steel objects
and also push them away m__________
3．in addition；besides f ______
4．sincerely，truly，honestly，really g ______
5．something that cause people fl lot of worry or hard work b__________

b. Fill in the blanks with the word from the text. The first letter of the word has been given.
6. Hi s m___________ has made him very popular among his friends, though he has made great achievements in his career, but he never speaks highly of himself.
7. Mr. Li is always very a__________, so that everyone likes to talk with him.
8. In Shanghai there is a big financial b ________for young couples.
9. Pop stars are always p _______with the young.
10. Though the lady is not beautiful, she is extremely a __________because she seems so full of life and fun.
11. Furthermore, the more you smile, the more n ________your smile will be.
12. Smiles also c ________confidence, which is really important when making friends.
13. Going along with this big secret of making friends are a few a __________suggestions.
14. The dictionary defines the word "friend" as "one attached to another by a ________or respect".
15. Relationships b_______ on a common activity may stop or end when the activity ends.

II. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms.
1. The church was held in great__________(affect) by the local residents in the western countries.
2. Research__________(indicate) that over 30 percent of the college graduates are out of work.
3. The train goes very fast, __________(convey) over 300 passengers every day.
4. College students only__________ (zero) in on their study in the past, but it is not what it was used to be.
5. Going along with this big secret of___________ (make) friends are a few additional suggestions.

III. Complete each of the following sentences with a phrase in its proper form

1. Almost all the people like being praised, that is, no one enjoys_______ by others.
2. They __________some details while leaving main points untouched.
3.__________, violent crimes are still extremely rare.
4. Jenny has always found it easy to __________at school.
5.__________the pilots' strike, all flights have had to be cancelled.
6. Dexter liked the picture editor and __________with him.
7. Their garden __________by dozens of colored lamps.
8. The boys were punished for __________often in classes.
9. Grandparents __________their grandkids.
10. Their relationship __________mutual respect.

IV. Complete the sentences according to the Chinese given.
1. Furthermore, the longer you practice smiling, ___________________. (你的微笑就会更快地变得轻松和自然)
2. When someone is talking to you，______________.(将注意力百分之百地集中到那个人身上)
3. It is . (学会何时交谈是重要的)
4. He was so eager to tell us about what happened that . (我无法插话)
5. It was late in the night and I . (碰巧在那时路过)
6. The exhibition has . (吸引了成千上万的参观者)
7. The school has decided to . (采取另一种方式解决纪律问题)
8. to be asked to do the job. (这是一项极大的荣誉)
9．They have established . (持久的友谊)
10．A red sky at night often . (预兆第二天天气晴朗)

B. 能力提升
I .Vocabulary.
1. What __________by the word population?
A. means B. meant C. is meant D. is meaning
2. No one enjoys__________, __________?
A. laughing at; doesn’t he B. laughing at; does he
C. being laughed at; don’t they D. being laughed at; do they
3. Three __________ten people like to watch the basketball game.
A. of B. out of C. to D in
4. The mother asked her son __________he liked the toy she bought for him.
A. what B. how C. which D. that ( )
5. When I returned from the market, my mother remained ___________at the table,
__________the newspaper.
A. seated; reading B to be seated; read
C. seating; reading D. sitting; read
6. Study hard in high school and lay a __________for the future.
A. basic B. base C. foundation D. founder
7. His silence __________that he was not in favor of the proposal.
A. applied B. indicated C. supplied D. replied
8. Jay's songs are popular with high school students, ___________girls.
A. specially B. especially C. particularly D. peculiarly
9. When you are taking notes in a notebook, only ___________the main points in some way that relates them to one another.
A. out up B. put down C. put off D. put on
10.I will think the matter over and give you a (n) answer.
A. fixed B. final C. direct D. early
11. You want to know why I won't go to the movies? Because I think watching TV at home is__________ comfortable.
A. more B. much C. so D. very
12. She could hardly __________to miss another opportunity to meet the musician.
A. offer B. afford C. provide D. supply
13. Human beings cannot__________ without something to live.
A. come B. do C. take D. make
14. Gini searched in her purse: she had out of change.
A. run B. raced C. gone D. got
15. Would it be possible to make an early to have my bad tooth filled tomorrow?
A. engagement B. appointment C. arrangement D. employment

II. Translation.
1·我是在电影院门口碰到他的。(强调句型)
2·他从来不注重别人是怎么看他的。(take notice of)
3·我非常熟悉这首曲子，但我讲不出是谁作的曲。(familiar)
4·他们志趣相投，不久他们就建立了真挚的友谊。(outlook)
5·他在陌生的环境中感到不那么自在。（feel at ease）
6·你拥有的词汇量越大，你就会觉得英语写作越容易。(the more．．．the more)

语法精讲
The Structure for Emphasis(I) 强调结构(1)
It强调句型是英语中常见的结构，也是高考比较常见的考点。它的基本结构为：
It+be(is，was)+被强调部分+that(who)+句子其余部分
具体用法如下：
(1)强调句型所强调的常是句子的主语、宾语、状语部分，也可用来强调宾语补足语。
(2)被强调的主语、宾语、状语部分可以是单词、短语、也可以是从句。
(3)不能用它来强调谓语动词、条件状语、让步状语、表语等。
It is Mr. Smith who is our headmaster．
It is Nancy that you should ask．
It is dark green that we have：painted 0ur kitchen．
It Was On Monday night that all this happened．
It was from Betty that he first heard the news． 、
1·强调句型的连接词一般用that，当被强调的部分是人时可用who／whom，但不可使用what，which，where，when等。
It was our parents whom we often turned to for help when we were young．
It was at the school gate that we met her．
2·在强调结构中，be动词应使用is或者was，依据原句的时态，间或可以看到情态动词+be的情况出现。 “
It might be yesterday that they went out for dinner．
It is our monitor who often helps classmates．
It was the PLA man who saved the boy's life．
3·强调句型的一般疑问句是将is或者was提前，然后接其余部分；特殊疑问句是将被强调部分转成特殊疑问词，然后再接一般疑问句。
Was it last year that he joined the army?
How is it that you go to school every day?
Where was it that you were born?
It was the day before yesterday that you lost the money，wasn’t it?
4．对until引导的时间状(从句)的强调，具体情况如下：
当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时，直接强调即可
I kept him company until his mother came back．
It was until his mother came back that I kept him company．
对主句谓语动词为瞬间动词的含有not…until的句子进行强调时，需用It is not until…的强调句式
I didn’t leave until he came to see me back．
It was not until he came back that I left．
5·强调部分如果是主语时．，谓语动词应在人称和数上与主语保持一致。
It is I who am going to attend the meeting．
It is Mary and Robin who are leaving for Shanghai．
如果强调的是宾语，则应使用宾格形式。
It was them that the teacher praised in class．
It is me that you should trust．
6·强调句型与主语从句、定语从句及状语从句的区别：一般说来，如果将it is／was，that去掉，稍加调整语序句子仍旧成立，那么这就是强调句，否则就是其他从句。
It was midnight when 1 woke up．(定语从句)
It was at midnight that 1 woke up．(强调句)
It is a pity that you didn’t attend the party．(主语从句)
It is a good idea that we go out for a picnic．(主语从句)
It was at the school gate that I met him．(强调句)

语法专项训练
I. Multiple choice.
1. It was last year ___________you taught me how to drive.
A. when B. that C. where D. which
2. It was __________he said __________disappointed me.
A. that; what B. what; that C. what; what D. that; that
3. It was in the factory __________produced TV sets our friend was murdered.
A. which; which B. that; which C. that; that D. where; that
4. __________found my wallet, Tom?
A. Where did you that B. Where was it you
C. Where have you D. Where was it that you
5. It was not until 1920_________regular radio broadcast began.
A. while B. which C. that D. since
6. It is the ability to do the job ___________matters, not where you came from or what you are.
A. one B. it C. what D. that
7. It is these poisonous products______ can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles.
A. who B. that C. how D. what
8. I feel it is your husband who ___________for the spoiled child.
A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame
9. It was for this reason her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village.
A. which B. why C. that D. how
10.—Where was it______ the road accident happened yesterday?
—In front of the market.
A. when B. that C. which D. how
11. It was not until nearly a month later _______I received the manager's reply.
A. since B. when C. as D. that
12. It is ten years __________Miss Green returned to Canada.
A. that B. when C. since D. as
13. It was last night __________I see the comet.
A. the time B. when C. that D. which
14. When is it _______you will set off?
A. that B. what C. which D. since
15. A modern city has been set up in __________was a wasteland ten years ago.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
16. Because of my poor memory, all ____you told me has been forgotten.
A. that B. which C. what D. as
17. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased __________he was a man of action.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
18. It is what you do rather than what you say __________matters.
A. that B. what C. which D. this
19. His plan was such a good one we all agreed to accept it.
A. so B. and C. that D. as
20. The thought of going back home was ___________kept him happy while he was
working abroad.
A. that B. all that C. all what D. which
21. You can only be sure of ___________you have at present; you cannot be sure of
something__________ you might get in the future.
A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that
22. The mountain is no longer __________it used to be.
A. which B. that C. what D. as
23. There is much chance __________Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.
A. that B. which C. until D. if
24. It's thirty years since we last met. But I still remember the story, believe it or
not, __________we got lost on a rainy night.
A. which B. that C. what D. when
25. I still remember the big names in the stories my mother told me
when I was young.
A. when B. that C. what D. where

II. Complete the sentence using a given word in its proper form.
1. Tom's parents_______ (delight) with his school report.
2. This building is said__________ (design) by a French architect.
3. Two girls were reported________ (miss).
4. He has all the__________ (require) qualifications for the job.
5. We estimated that it__________ (take) them two months to repair the airport.
6.1__________ (tell) that the opening ceremony may be put off.
7. She would like to have her dog_______ (train) to look after children.
8. Though__________ (warn) of the danger, they still took the risk.
9.__________ (be) there more than once, I know the place well.
10. The professor came in, __________ (follow) by a group of students.

答案
I .Spelling.
1. magnet 2. approachable 3. furthermore 4. genuinely 5. burden
6. modesty 7. approachable 8. burden 9. popular 10. attractive
11. natural 12. convey 13. additional 14. affection 15. based
II. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms.
1. affection 2. indicates 3. conveying 4. zeroed 5. making
III. Complete each of the following sentences with a word or phrase in its proper form.
1. being torn down 2. zeroed in on 3. In reality 4. make friends
5. As a result of 6. felt at ease 7. was lit up 8. getting a word
9. were bragging about 10. was based on
IV. Complete the sentences according to the Chinese given.
1. the sooner your smile will catch up with you 2. zero 100 percent on that person
3. learning when to talk that is important 4. I couldn't get a word in edgewise
5. happened to be passing by at that time 6. attracted thousands of visitors
7. adopt a different approach to discipline 8. It is a great compliment
9. long-lasting friendship 10. indicates fine weather the next day



B.能力提升
I. Vocabulary
1. C 2. D 3.B 4.B 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. B 10. B 11. A 12. B 13. B 14. A 15. B
II. Translation.
1. It was at the gate of the cinema that I met him.
2. He never takes notice of what others think of him.
3. I'm very familiar with the piece of music, but I can't tell who composed it.
4. Since they have similar interests and a common outlook on life, soon they have set up true friendship.
5. He didn't feel at ease in the strange surroundings.
6. The larger vocabulary you have, the easier you'll find it to write in English.

语法专项训练
I .Multiple choice.
L .B 2. B 3. C 4.D 5.C 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. B 11. D 12.C 13. C 14. A 15. A 16. A
17.B 18. A 19. C 20.B 21. B 22.C 23. A 24. B 25. B
II .Complete the sentence using a given word in its proper form
1. are delighted 2. to be designee 3. missing 4. required
5. would take 6. was told 7. trained 8. warned
9. Having being there 10. followed