上海新世纪英语高二年级下学期Unit2 Making Speeches教材精讲

伴你成长高二新世纪（下）
Unit 2 Making Speeches
知识要点
1． 重点单词

单词 词性 中文含义 衍生词 相关常见短语
deliver v. 递送；授(课)，讲(话) n．deliverydeliverer deliver sth. to sb．把某物送给某人deliver a speech发表演讲
involve v. 涉及；卷入 n．involvement involve sb．／oneself in；be involved in 使某人卷入某事
control v. n. 控制 adj．controllable have(no)control over sth． 对某事有(没有)控制力get out of control失去控制bring sth．under control控制住某事
presentation n. 介绍，陈述 v．present give an presentation of sth．介绍某事
prevent v. 阻止 n．prevention prevent sb.from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
interfere v. 妨碍；干扰 n. interference interfere with sb．／sth．妨碍(干扰)某人(某事)interfere in sth．干涉(干预)某事
distract v. 使某人分心 n．distraction distract sb．from sth．分散某人的注意力 ┃
employ v. 雇用；利用 n. employmentemployeremployee employ sb．as sth．雇用某人做某事employment agency职业介绍所
expansive adj. 可扩大或伸展的；健谈的，豪爽 v．expandn. expansion an expansive gesture 夸张的手势an expansive speaker一个健谈的演讲者
glance v. n. 扫视，匆匆地看 glance at，have a glance at扫视(快速)浏览
favor v. n. 支持；喜爱；偏袒 adj．favoritefavorable favor sb. with sth.为某人做事be in favor of sb．／sth． 支持某人(某事)in sb’s favor对某人有利
ignore v. 忽视 adj．ignorant be ignorant of sth．对……缺少了解
ensure v. 确保，担保 ensure sth．／ensure sb．sth． 确保某事的
allow v. 允许，准许 n．allowance allow sb．to do sth．允许某人做某事allow sth．for sth为某目的留出allow for sb．／sth． 把某人(某事)计算、估计、考虑在内
concentration n. 集中注意力 v. concentrate concentrate on集中注意力于……concentration—camp集中营
avoid v. 避免 n．avoidance avoid doing sth． 避开(避免)做某事
occasion n. 场合；时刻 adj．occasional on occasion不时，必要时on the occasion of在……的时候
impress v. 给某人深刻印象 n．impressionadj．impressive impress sb．with sth．给某人留下深刻印象impress sth. on／upon sb．使某人铭记某事物impress sth．on sth．把某物印刻在某物上make／leave a deep impression：on给某人留下深刻印象

2．重点词组
作一次公开演讲 make a public speech
把……想作…… think of．．．as．．．
需要 call for
眼神接触 eye contact
对演讲速度的掌握 a good control of the presentation speed
阻止某人做某事 prevent sb．from doing sth．
另一方面 on the other hand
妨碍，干扰 interfere with
面部表情 facial expressions
受到好评，受欢迎 be well received
确信，保证 make sure
一般说来 in general
发表演讲 deliver a speech
失去兴趣 lose interest in
缺少 fall short of
超过 run over
节省时间 save time
为了观众的利益 for the audience’s sake
集中注意力于…… concentrate on
紧扣主题 stick to the point
依靠；取决于 depend on
在室外 in the open air
加快速度 speed up
以……的速度 at the speed of．．．
出错，弄乱 mess up
预先，提前 in advance
给某人留下深刻印象 leave a deep impression on sb．
身体语言 body language

3．重点句型
as if引导的方式状语从句，用虚拟语气
The+比较级，the+比较级
remain to be done
ensure sb．sth．；ensure that+从句

4．重点语法
Word formation(2) Conversion & Compounding(转化与合成)

1．tip n．
(1)small but useful piece of practical advice有用的小建议；实用的小提示
Here are some tips for traveling abroard．这儿有一些针对出国游的小建议。
(2)pointed or thin end of sth． 尖端
I was walking on the tips of my toes in order not to wake my mum up．
我踮着脚尖走路是为了不吵醒我妈妈。
(3)have sth．on the tip of one’s tongue话到嘴边几乎要想起
I have his name on the tip of my tongue，but I just can’t think of it．
他的名字就在嘴边，可我就是想不起来。
(4)the tip of the iceberg重要问题的一小部分
I caught three students cheating in the exam，and that’s just the tip of the iceberg．
我抓住了三个学生在考试中作弊，可那只是作弊人中的一小部分。

2．deliver v.
(1)递送，传送(信件、包裹、货物等)
We deliver whatever you order to your door! 无论你订购什么，我们都送货上门。
(2)授(课)，讲(话)
She delivered a speech on building up a harmonious society to the Community．
她给社区作了一次有关如何建造和谐社会的演讲。
(3)be delivered of sb．=give birth to生小孩
She was delivered of a healthy boy． 她生了一个健康的男孩儿。

3．call for need，demand要求
The plan calls for further discussion．
其他常用短语动词：
(1)call in召回，请来
All the cars with faults will have to be called in． 所有有瑕疵的车都将被召回。
Seeing his mother was ill，he had a doctor called in immediately．
看到母亲生病，他立刻请来了医生。
(2)call off取消(计划，活动等)
The meeting has been called off because of the f1ood．会议已因洪水而被取消了。
(3)call on号召，要求
The Congress has called on the president to answer these charges．
国会要求总统对这些责问做出回应。
We are called on to work hard for the motherland． 我们被号召为祖国努力工作。
(4)call up打电话，使回忆起
If anybody comes，please call me up at 021：69123586．
如有人来访，请给我打02l一69123586这个电话。
These exercise books call up memories of my early school days．
这些练习本使我想起了早年的学习生活。
(5)call down斥责，责骂
I was called down for the way I spoke to my teacher． 他斥责我对老师讲话态度不恭。
(6)call on sb．拜访
I called on her last Sunday． 上个星期天我拜访了她。

4．involve
(1)involve sth．／doing sth．需要，包括
The project involves computers． 这个项目离不开计算机．
Taking this job involves leaving Shanghai． 接受这项工作需要我离开上海。
(2)involve sb．in sth．／doing sth． 使某人参与某活动；使某人陷入困境
Don’t involve me in your meaningless argument．不要让我卷入你们无意义的争论中。
He was involved in a heated discussion． 他参与了一场激烈的讨论。
【拓展】involved adj．有关联的
get／be involved in sth．
Never get involved in local politics． 绝不要卷入当地的政治。

5．control v．
(1)have power／authority over操控，掌握
The child is hard to contro1． 这个孩子难以管理。
The tyrant controlled the country for about 30 years．这位暴君统治该国约30年之久。
(2)regulate管理，调控
This knob controls the TV’s volume．这个旋钮控制着电视机的音量。
The government is taking efforts to control the soaring prices．
政府在努力控制飞涨的物价。
【拓展】control n． (名词词组)
be in control of掌控，管理
Though still in her early thirties，she is in control of a large company．
虽然30刚出头，她已掌管了一家大公司。
bring／get／be under control抑制，使得到控制
The fire was finally brought under contro1． 大火终于得到控制。
be／get out of control失去控制
Inflation in that country has got out of control． 那个国家的通货膨胀已经失控。
control on对……的控制
She has lost control of her emotion． 她的情绪失控了。

6．on the other hand另一方面,
用于说明同一个人或事物的不同侧面，常含有“优缺点兼有”的涵义：
The library is old and small but on the other hand it houses some books that are rarely found in
others.
The job isn’t satisfactory but on the other hand it allows me a long holiday．
【比较】on the contrary：恰恰相反，强调“反驳”，“否定”，主要用于句首
So you think I’m free now．On the contrary，I’m fully engaged．
It’s not cold anyway．On the contrary，it's warm enough．
to the contrary与此相反，强调“意义，意图相反”，主要用于名词之后作定语或动词之后作状语。
Unless you are told to the contrary，stay here．除非叫你走，否则就一直留在这。
I can only believe him to be innocent until evidence to the contrary．
在不能得到相反的证据之前，我只能相信他是无罪的。

7. distract v.使某人分心
Children are easily distracted．儿童的注意力很不容易集中。
The film managed to distract me from these problems for a while．
分散了我的注意力，让我暂时忘了这些问题。

8．receive v．
(1)receive sth．from sb．／sth． 接到，收到，领取，得到
He received a good education．他受到了良好的教育。
He received one insult after another ,so much so that he lost his temper．
他不断地受到侮辱，最终忍不住发火了。
Mr．Wang always receives lots of letters of thanks on Teachers’ Day．
每逢教师节，王老师总会收到大量的感谢信。
(2)receive．．．as／with 以……方式／身份接待
He was received as a distinguished guest．他被作为贵宾接待。
We received the new teacher with both suspicion and belief．
我们对新的老师既怀疑又相信。
(3)receive．．．with以……方式做出反应
His new album was received with a record sales． 他的新专辑大受欢迎，销量创了记录。
(4)receive sb．into接纳……成为
He was recently received into Buddhism． 他不久前皈依佛门。
(5) received: widely accepted as correct被广泛接受并认同的
received ideas普遍接受的观点 received pronunciation规范的语音

9．employ v．
(1) employ sb．as雇佣，聘请，使用
They employ him as the legal advisor． 他们聘用他作法律顾问。
On hot summer days，students are often seen employing their books as fans．
炎热的夏日，人们常常看到学生们拿书本当扇子用。
(2) employ sb.／sth．to do使用，聘请……做某事
He was employed to be the acting manager during the absence of the general manager．
总经理不在期间，他受聘做代理经理。
(3)employ sth．／sb．in doing sth．忙于做某事
He was busily employed in meeting representatives from other companies during the break．会议的间隙，他忙着接见其他公司的代表。
【拓展】employment n．雇佣，就业
Employment is expected to turn for the better with the expansion of the factory．
随着工厂的扩展，就业情况有望好转
employment agency职业介绍所

10．as if=as though
(1)as if+从句。从句中用虚拟，表比喻或夸张
He looks as if he had seen a ghost．他看上去像是碰到了鬼。
(2)as if+从句。从句中用陈述，表示真实的可能性。
It looks as if it is going to rain．像是要下雨了
(3)as if+to do／doing／done／adj．
The child opened his mouth as if to say something．孩子张开嘴，似乎是要说什么。
He appeared as if defeated．他显得像是被打败了一样。
He rubbed his eyes and stretched his arms as if waking up after a long sleep．
他揉揉眼睛，伸伸懒腰，好像刚睡了一大觉似的

11．glance n．
(1) take a quick look 瞥一眼，匆匆地一看
She glanced shyly at the handsome boy and then drooped her eyes．
她羞涩地瞥一眼那个英俊的男孩，随即垂下眼帘。
(2) glance at／down／over／through sth． 草草地阅读，浏览
He glanced through his notes and started his presentation．
他浏览了一下稿子，接着便开始演讲
(3) glance at草率处理，简单提及
The theory is just glanced at in this paper．
(4) cast／have a glance at sb．／sth
I usually cast a glance at the newspaper headlines before I settle down to work．
我通常先浏览一下报纸的大标题，然后才开始工作。
(5)at first glance／sight乍看之下
At first glance，Sydney is not very different from shanghai．
乍一看，悉尼和上海没有什么不同。
(6)tell at a glance一眼就能判断出来
A skilled driver can tell at a glance what the trouble is with the car．
经验老到的驾驶员一眼就能看出车的故障出在哪儿了。
【比较】glare at怒目而视
They glared at each other，ready to fight． 他们怒目相视，快要打起来了。
stare at (处于惊讶、好奇、害怕)凝视
As if out of curiosity，she was staring at the Arabic woman wearing a veil．
似乎是出于好奇，她目不转睛地看着那个带面纱的阿拉伯妇女。

12. favor n. & v．
(1)支持；喜爱
I favor the first of the two possible plans．在这两种可行方案中我支持前者。
(2)偏爱，偏袒
she always favors her youngest child． 她总是偏袒她最小的孩子。
(3)有利于
The wind favored their sailing at dawn． 这风便于他们在黎明时起航。
(4)favor sb．with sth. 为某人做某事
I should be grateful if you would favor me with an early reply．
若蒙早日答复，则不胜感激。
【记一记】
do sb．a favor 帮某人一个忙
ask a favor of sb． 请某人帮一个
be in favor of sth． 支持
in sb’s favor 对某人有利

13．ensure v．
(1)make sure，guarantee保证，确立
Diary of a Madman ensures Lu Xun’s position in modern Chinese 1iterature．
《狂人日记》确立了鲁迅在现代中国文学的地位。“
Ensure that all the windows and the door are closed at night．晚间所有门窗必须关闭。
(2)ensure sb．sth．：make sure that sth．happens确保某事发生，某人得到
The success in these three states wi1l ensure his presidency．
这三个州的胜利就会使他赢得总统宝座。．
Opportunities alone can’t ensure one’s success in career．机会本身并不能保证事业的成功。
(3)比较：assure: assure sb.+that从句；assure sb. of sth. 使某人确信
We can assure that we are the most honest people in this business.
我们可向你保证我们是这个行业里最讲诚信的。
The air hostess was trying to assure the passengers of the safety of the flight．
航空小姐极力说服乘客，让他们相信飞行是安全的。
【辨析】insure． 投保
for／insure against
He insured his house against fire． 他给房子上了火灾保险。
He insured his house for safety/for 10000.
为安全起见他给房子上了保险／投保了10，000元。

14. overcome v.
(1) defeat战胜，克服
It’s hard to overcome a bad habit．
She seldom overcomes the temptation to buy things that has no use for her．
(2) succeed in dealing with控制住，处理好
The fire was completely overcome. 大火完全控制住了
(3) be overcome by／with使不适，昏厥等
She was overcome with grief at the death of her husband．丈夫的去世使她悲痛欲绝。
I was almost overcome by despair when I learned that my son failed in the College Entrance Examination．得知儿子高考败北，我绝望地几乎难以自已。

( Additional Reading)
1. for the audience’s sake 为了观众的利益，从观众角度考虑
for sb’s sake / for the sake of sb. 为了某人（某事物）（起见）
e.g. for God’s sake 看在上帝的份上
for goodness’ sake 天哪
for the sake of safety 为了安全起见
for the sake of friendship 看在友谊的份上
for the sake of peace 为了和平
2. The shorter, the better.
该句型的完整结构是： The + 形容词（或副词）比较级 +主语+谓语， the + 形容词（或副词)比较级+主语+谓语。所以此句的完整表达是：The shorter your speech is，the better
your speech will be．
在实际使用中，改句型的前半句通常表示一个条件，而后半句通常表示一个结果，因此，时态上也经常会前半句用一般现在时，后半句用一般将来时。
The more you practice，the better you can speak English．
=If you practice much，you can speak English well．
The harder you work，the more progress you will make in your study．
=If you work hard，you will make much progress in your study．
Reading中有一句：The larger the audience，the more expansive the gestures should be．
可以转化为：
If the audience is large，the gestures should be expansive．
如果观众人数很多的话，演讲时的手势可以夸张些。人数越多，手势越可以夸张。
3．approach n．
(1) way of dealing with a person or thing方法；手段
I have created a new approach to language teaching．
我已经发明了一种语言教学的新方法。
(2) attempt to reach agreement or become friendly with sb．尝试；意图
The club has made an approach to a local business firm for financial support．
该俱乐部已经试探着向本地一家公司寻求财政资助。
(3) way leading to sth．；path; road通路；进路；道路
Police are patrolling the major approaches to the station．
警察正在通往车站的主要道路上巡逻。
(4) the act of approaching接近
The children ran off at her approach． 她走近的时候, 孩子们都跑开了。
? approach v.
①come nearer or nearer to sb．／sth．in space or time
在时间或空间上接近某人或某物
The time is approaching when we must think about buying a new house.
我们必须考虑买房子的时候即将来临。
As you approach the town the first building you see is the church.
接近那座城镇的时候，首先看到的就是教堂。
②be similar in quality or character to sb．／sth． 在性质或特点上接近某人或某事
Few writers even begin to approach Shakespeare’s greatness.
莎士比亚的伟大，鲜有作家能望其项背。
③begin to deal with a task, problem, ect 着手处理(事务、难题等)
Before trying to solve the puzzle, let us consider the best way to approach it.
要想解决这一难题，咱们先来考虑一下如何着手方为上策。
approachable adj． (指人或物)可接近的
The village is only approachable from the south．
这个村子只有从南边才能到达。
Our teacher is so approachable that we all like her very much．
我们老师非常的和蔼可亲，平易近人，我们都很喜欢她。
4．manage v．
(1) to be in charge of sth．；control；run经营；管理；负责
Mr. Smith manages the finances here． 史密斯先生主管这里的财务.
He is good at managing his money． 他善于理财。
(2) manage sth．应付某事
Need my help? No，thanks．I can manage myself．
需要我帮忙吗?不，谢谢，我自己能行。
I haven’t learned French for long，so I can only manage a few words．
我学法语的时间不长，所以我只能凑合着说几句。
(3) manage to do sth．=succeed in doing sth．成功地做成了某事
Fortunately，all the people managed to leave the building after the fire broke out．
幸运的是，火灾发生后所有的人都设法离开了那幢大楼。
5．speed v．
(1) move along or go quickly快速行进；疾行
There is a car speeding past the school．
有一辆车从学校旁边快速驶过。
(2) cause to move or go quickly使(某物)快速移动或行进
This medicine will help speed her recovery． 这药能加速她康复。
(3) drive or go faster than the speeds allowed by law超速行驶
The police said he’d been speeding on the motorway．
警察说他在高速公路上超速行驶。
(4) speed up(使)加速
The train speeded up soon． 火车不久就加快了速度。
They’ve speeded up production of the new car． 他们加快了新汽车的生产。
speed n．速度
记一记：
at the speed of 以……的速度
at full／top speed 高速地
pick up speed 加速
More haste，less speed． 欲速则不达。
be fined for speeding 因超速而被罚款
6．mess v．
(1) mess sth． 弄乱了某物
Don’t mess your hair! 别弄乱了你的头发!
(2) mess about／around胡闹；闲逛
Stop messing about and come to help! 别闹了，过来帮忙吧!
I love just messing about in the garden．
我就是喜欢在花园里瞎转。
(3) mess up弄乱，弄糟
Who messed up my clean kitchen? 谁把我干净的厨房弄得这么脏?
I was asked to organize the trip，but I messed it up．
大家要我组织这次旅游，可是我把事情搞砸了。
mess n. 乱；糟
sth．is a mess． 某事真是一团糟。
Be in a real mess／make a mess of sth．把……搞得一团糟
7．impress v．
(1) impress sb．with sth． 给某人深刻印象；使某人敬佩
The girl impressed all the teachers with her diligence and strong desire for knowledge．
这个女孩的勤奋和强烈求知欲给所有老师留下了深刻印象。
We were most impressed by your efficiency．
你的工作效率极高，我们极为敬佩。
(2)impress sth．on／upon sb．使某人铭记某事物
The manager impressed on his office staff the importance of keeping accurate records．
经理让办公室员工认识到做精确记录的重要性。
(3)impress sth．in／on sth．把……印在……上
She impressed a pattern of heart on her T-shirt．
她在她的T恤上印了一个心形的图案。
impression n.
1eave／make a deep impression on给……留下深刻印象
be under the impression that有……的想法
【Exercise】
A. 基础练习
Ⅰ． Spelling.
a. Fill in the blanks with a word using the hints of its English definition.
1. small but useful piece of practical advice t
2. take (letters, parcels, goods, etc) to the places or people they are addressed to d
3. able or tending to expand e
4. showing very clearly what someone thinks or feels e
5. power of concentrating on sth. c

b. Fill in the blanks with the word from the text The first letter of the word has been given.
6. When giving a speech, t________, it is useful to think of yourself as p ________apart.
7. This kind of acting calls for an I ________of verbal and nonverbal c________.
8. Nonverbal communication chiefly i the speaker's stance, g_________ and eye contact.
9. Dropping your head looks u ________and may p ________your audience from hearing you clearly.
10. A ________holding your hands tightly together; this will I ________with free and natural movement.
11. A dull, long speech d without expression, without gestures or eye contact will not be well r________.
12. In g________, the larger the audience, the more e ________the gestures should be.
13. While making a speech, if you f _______one direction, the other side may feel you are I ________them and therefore lose interest in what you are saying.
14. If you fall short of or run over the time a_________ for your speech, the audience will feel unhappy and lose c ________on your speech.
15. Being indirect and r_________ in you’re a _________may be thought skillful in Chinese, But it doesn't serve well in English speech.

Ⅱ.Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms.
1.________is expected to turn for the better with the expansion of the factory, (employ)
2. She was staring at the-stranger as if out of________. (curious)
3. The good management ________the increase of the factory's output last year, (sure)
4. She found the noise of children playing football outside a________. (distract)
5. He made an ________speech at the graduating ceremony, (impress)

Ⅲ.Complete each of the following sentences with a word or a phrase in its proper form.




1. It's generally accepted that the mastery of any language years of pains-taking effort.
2.________, balanced distribution of wealth is quite essential to harmonious development
3. Proper use of body language________ the speech.
4. He always talks________ he were the authority in this field.
5. ________a people of etiquette(礼节) ?the Chinese are very hospitable.
6. Although________ by the common people, the proposal was rejected by the mayor.
7. The money collected________ the amount required.
8. We all________ in the fight against environmental pollution.
9. She couldn't understand why so many students her lessons.
10. Don't him while he is doing his homework.

IV. Complete the sentences according to the Chinese given.
1. Chinese____________________. （被认为是世界上最具有活力的语言之一）
2. He___________________ and started his presentation. (浏览了一下稿子)
3.___________________ all the windows and the door are closed when nobody is in the classroom. (务必做到)
4. I___________________ when I learned that my son failed in the College Entrance Examination. (绝望地几乎难以自已)
5. The urgent situation__________________. (需要立即采取行动)
6. He behaved___________________. （若无其事的样子)
7. Her new book___________________(受到广泛好评) the moment it was published.
8. The fire________________________. (终于得到了控制)
9.1 am going to ask each of you_________________. （作一个简短的陈述)
10. He would fire any of his staff who____________. (无法达到他高标准)

A.基础练习参考答案
I. Spelling.
1. tip 2. deliver 3. expansive 4. expressive 5. concentration
6. therefore; playing 7. integration' communication 8. involves ; gestures
9. unprofessional; prevent 10. Avoid interfere 11. delivered; received
12. general; expansive 13. Favor; ignoring 14. allowed; concentrator
15. roundabout; approach
II . Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms.
1. Employment 2. curiosity 3. ensures 4. distraction 5. impressive
III. Complete each of the following sentence with a word or a phrase In its proper form
1. calls for 2. In general 3.will add expression to4. as if 5. Thought o4 as
6. well received 7. fell short of 8. play a par: 9. lost interest in
10. interfere with
IV. Complete the sentences according to the Chinese given.
1. is thought of as one of the liveliest languages in the world
2. glanced through his notes
3. Ensure that(Make sure that)
4. was almost overcome by despair
5. calls for immediate action
6. as if nothing had happened
7. was well received
8. was finally brought under control
9. to make a brief presentation
10. fell short of his high standards

B. 能力提升。
Ⅰ. Vocabulary.
( ) 1. There were twelve policemen on ________ at the football ground during the match.
A. employment B. action C. work D. duty
( ) 2. I find that you will buy a bottle of milk on your way to work every morning. Why not have one _______ to your home?
A. sent B. delivered C. carried D. fetched
( )3. To be a good reader，you must________ a skill to get the main idea in a piece of
writing at a glance．
A．deliver B．develop C．extend D．expand
( )4．I could tell that he was very worried from the_______ in his face．
A．appearance B．expression C．sight D．scene
( )5．The college is in________ of letting nursing be taught．
A．sympathy B．agreement C．favour D．desire
( )6．The decision is quite _________ to us．That is why we all agree to it．
A．favorite B．popular C．favorable D．fashionable
( )7．In ________ ，the northerners are keen on dumplings while the southerners are
fond of rice．
A．common B．total C．general D．particular
( )8．Although this is my first time to speak to so many people，I think I’ll _________
my nervousness once I stand in front of the audience．
A．get over B．get away C．get off D．get through
( )9．She is young for the job，but on the other___________ she is well qualified．
A．case B．occasion C．chance D．hand
( )10．Since he came to live here，he has become deeply________ in local affairs．
A．combined B．involved C．ioined D．included
( )11．If you_________ the traffic regulations，you are more likely to have an accident
when you drive on the express highway．
A．forget B．ignore C．miss D．avoid
( )12．The old oversea Chinese，who had lived in the US for more than fifty years，
looked around his former house once more before he left, as if he hoped to
__________ everything in it into his mind．
A．print B．press C．impress D．imply
( )13．Being a salesman of a big company__________ frequent flights at home and abroad.
A．contains B．includes C．consists D．involves
( )14．With a big smile，the shop owner made a good_________ on his customers．
A．expression B．impression C．impact D．implication
( )15．In all English towns there is a speed___________ of 30 miles an hour．
A．control B．allowance C．brake D．1imit
( )16．Perhaps it is________ confidence that often prevents the clever students from
thinking right and giving the correct answers．
A．1acking of B．for lack of C．1ack for D．1ack of
( )17．They worked day and night．At last they________ to finish the task ahead of time．
A．tired B．succeeded C．managed D．decided
( )18．When Lucy went outt，I didn’t________ whether she had an umbrella or not．
A．notice B．glance C．watch D．stare
( )19．The girl_________ her shyness and took part in the speaking contest．To our
delight，she won the second prize．
A．conquered B．overcame C．defeated D．beat
( )20．The official is believed to be very sociable on any______．So he will represent us to talk with the mayor．
A．site B．spot C. occasion D．chance
Ⅱ．Translation．
1．做教师就意味着要尽可能多地与学生在一起。(involve)

2． 总统将于元旦向国民发表演说。(deliver)

3. 在付诸行动之前，这项法律还有待于进一步讨论。(remain)

4. 一般来说，书籍和杂志都不允许带出阅览室。(allow)

5．我们将作一系列的解释来帮助公众充分了解我们这个系统。(presentation)

参考答案:
1-5 DBBBC 6-10 CCADB 11-15 BCDBD 16-20 DCABC
翻译：
1. Being a teacher involves being with students as much as possible.
2. The president will delivering a speech to the nation on New Year’s Day.
3. Before being put into effect, the law remains to be further discussed.
4. In general, neither books nor magazines are allowed to taken out of the reading-room.
5. We will begin a series of presentations to help the public fully understand our system.

语法精讲
Word Formation(2) Conversion＆Compounding(转化与合成)
基本概念：
转化是指单词由一个词类转变成另一个词类，但其基本意思不变。合成是指把两个不
同词类的词加在一起构成一个新词，它可以是形容词，也可以是名词或其他词类。
1．转化
转化类型 例词 例句
动词转化为名词 try Let me have a try.
swim We stooped there for a swim.
名词转化为动词 book Have you booked your ticket?
chair Who chaired the meeting?
形容词转化为动词 slow The train slowed down to half its speed.
narrow This is the chief way to narrow the differences between them.
形容词转化为名词 dear He is a dear. （他是个讨人喜欢的孩子）
final They’ re running in the final.

注意：有些词可以词形不变用作另一类词，但重音发生改变。较常见的是一些双音节词，作动词时重音在后， 作名词时重音在前。

例词 动词含义（重音在前） 名词含义（重音在后）
conduct 指挥，导电 行为
contest 竞争 比赛
contrast 形成对比 对比
digest 消化 摘要，文摘
export 输出，出口 出口
import 进口，输入 进
increase 增加 增加
permit 准许，允许 许可证
present 赠送，上演 礼物
produce 生产 农产品
protest 抗议 抗议
record 记录，录音 记录，唱片
survey 勘查，考察 勘查，考察
suspect 怀疑，疑心 嫌疑犯，有嫌疑的人
transport 运输，运送 运输
2．合成
英语中常见的合成词有合成形容词、合成名词、合成动词和合成副词，其中以合成形容
词最为活跃。如：long-term，open-air，down-to-earth；sightseeing，cross-roads，take-off；airdrop，mass-produce；warm-heartedly，furthermore．
(1)合成形容词通常有以下常见的构词方法：
构成方法 例词
形容词+名词+ed Noble-minded高尚的 Good-tempered好脾气的
形容词+现在分词 Good-looking好看的 Fine-sounding动听的
副词+现在分词 Hard-working勤劳的 Far-reaching深远的
名词+现在分词 Peace-loving热爱和平的 Record-breaking破记录的
名词+过去分词 State-owrmd国有的 Heartbroken心碎的
副词+过去分词 Well-known著名的 Widespread广泛流传的
形容词+名词 Large-scale大规模的 High-class高级的
数词+名词+ed Three-legged三条腿的 Five-starred五颗星的
名词+形容词 Duty-free免税的 Homesick想家的

(2)合成名词通常有以下常见的构词方法：
构成方式 例词
名词+名词 Silkworm蚕 Bloodtest验血
形容词+名词 Double-dealer两面派 Shorthand速记
动名词+名词 Waiting-room候车室 Sleeping-pills安眠药
动词+名词 Pickpocket扒手 Cross-roads十字路口
名词+动名词 Handwriting书法 Sun-bathing目光浴
动词+副词 Get-together聚会 Breakthrough突破
副词+动词 Downfall垮台 Outbreak爆发

语法专项练习
I．Multiple choice．
( )1．He had been completely exhausted but felt considerably___________after a meal
and a rest．
A．renewed B．recreated C．refreshed D．remade
( )2．One of the problems local authorities have to deal with is the__________of plastic containers．
A．dissolution B．disposition C．disposal D．disappearance
( )3．At school there is an____________ of ten minutes between classes．
A．interval B．interruption C．interview D．interest
( )4．Alfred Nobel is one of the most________________ man in the world of science but he remained modest all his life．
A．remarkable B．desirable C．feasible D．favorable
( )5．____________ Property Rights are designed to protect the rights of all companies
and individuals who invent or create some product for sale．
A．Intelligent B．Individual C．Inventive D．Intellectual
( )6．Our journey was slow because the train stopped _____________ at different towns．
A．eventually B．continually C．gradually D．informally
( )7．Researchers at the University of Illinois determined that the_____________ of a
father can help improve a child’s grades．
A．involvement B．association C．interaction D．communication
( )8．His father is a famous_____________ who is devoted to the study of plants and animals．
A．zoologist B．biologist C．physician D．mathematician
( )9．Because of his outstanding services to education, he won the Nobel Prize, and it is
a _____________occasion．
A．history B．historic C．historical D．historian
( )10．Speaking of spelling，I think silent reading doesn’t work．I suggest reading
___________ .
A．aloud B．loudly C．louder D．1ess louder
( )11. After I recovered from my heart disease，I really had a lot to______________ .
A．grateful B．thankful C．thank D．appreciate
( )12．Everything in the laboratory isn’t in its usual place．It looks_____________and
_____________ .
A．untidy；disorder B．tidy；orderly
C. untidy; disorderly D. tidily; orderly
( )13．It was_________of you to turn away when a stranger wanted to sell a gold watch cheap to you．
A．generous B．sensitive C．unbelievable D．sensible
( )14．Learning to care for a pet helps a child to grown up into a__________ adult who feels responsible towards those dependent on him or her．
A．1oveable B．1oving C．1ovely D．1oved
( )15．This chemical is a_________ poison．You must keep it in a safe place．
A．deadly B．dead C．deathly D．dying
Ⅱ．Complete each sentence using a given word in its proper form.
1.I quite appreciate his________(able) to do experiments.
2. Facing the south, the room was (comfort) warm.
3. Such cold weather is__________(usual) for October.
4. Young mothers should be taught how to raise their babies in a (science) way.
5. Father was fast (sleep), so we all worked quietly.
6. The brain needs a__________(continue) supply of blood.
7. On his _______(arrive) at the town, he sent his wife a telegram.
8. The truck moved___________(back) slowly without touching the posts on either side.
9. Can you__________(short) the report to about five hundred words?
10. Once one has formed the habit of working, he will find all work is___________(please).

参考答案：
单选：1-5 CCAAD 6-10 BABBA 11-15 DCDBA
词性转换：1. ability 2. comfortably 3. unusual 4. scientific 5. asleep
6. continuous 7. arrival 8. backward 9. shorten 10. pleasing

综合练习
Ⅱ．Grammar and Vocabulary．(25分)
Section A
Directions：Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A，B
C and D．Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence．
( )21．Newton found himself _________ the falling apple on his head．
A．inspiring to B．inspired to C．inspired by D．inspiring by
( )22．It’s my first holiday for two years so I’m oing to the most of it．
A．try B．use up C．make D．do
( )23．He made _______clear to the poor peasant that he would make him________ if
he saved him．
A．／；the king B．it；the king C．／；king D．it；king
( )24．________ collections of poetry，poems are put together．
A．On B．In C．At D．Of
( )25．Poetry is like a magical world __________ the language acts as mirrors，ticks and
other fun．
A．which B．where C．that D．one
( )26．He is _______ my teacher．He is my close friend．
A．much than B．over C．above D．more than
( )27．一Will you give me some water?
一I’m afraid we’ve ____ left．
A．nothing B．none C．no more D．a little
( )28．Every possible use should ________ time to study our subjects．
A．make B．make use of C．be made of D. be used
( )29．I prefer________ at home to ________ outside．
A．staying；playing B．to stay；play C．staying；play D．to stay；playing
( )30．We are extremely _________ to learn that the young man should have killed his mother,
A．surprised B．astonished C．worried D．shocked
( )31．The medicine will _________ you a good night’s sleep．
A．assure B．ensure C．insure D．guarantee
( )32. I know that English is very useful，but ________ it’s really hard to learn．
A. on the other hand B. by contrast
C．on the contrary D．to the contrary
( )33．With more forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth________ each year．
A．is washing away B．is being washed away
C．are washing away D. are being washed away
( )34．_______ in a white uniform，he looks more like a cook than a doctor．
A．Dressed B．To dress C．Dressing D．Having dressed
( )35．He ________ have completed his work；otherwise，he wouldn’t be enjoying
himself by the seaside．
A．should B．must C．wouldn’t D．can’t
( )36．Kathy________ a lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls．
A．picked up B．took up C．made up D．turned up
Section B
Directions：Complete the passage by using the proper words in the box．Each word can
only be used once．Note that there is one word more than you need．
A．Because of B．no longer C．watching D．replaced E．healthierF．need G. balanced H．blood I．possibility J．service

As for daily life，I think that we will be able to order most of our shopping by computers and this will be taken to our homes，so in fact there won’t be any 37 to go out to the shops．I'm sure that most of our homes will have a video telephone so we will be able to see the person we are talking to．We will also be 38 “holovision”(全息电视)which will give you three dimensional(三维的)life size pictures on your screen—this will replace television．___39____ improved technology，there will be no more road accidents．Cars will be guided by computers so people will not have to do any more driving．
I think most of our food will be in the form of pills and liquids which will have all the vitamins and protein that we need for a 40 diet．Only when we go out for social eating will we eat the same food as today，but we will 41 be eating meat．
About once a year our bodies will go into a health centre for a service in much the same way as a car has to be repaired．So，for example，our veins(静脉)will be cleaned out，our 42 made pure，our muscles built up and so on．Any part that is worn out could be 43 by a new plastic part．We will all be much 44 by then anyway，because there will be more free time for us to use for exercise．Also a safe medicine will have been discovered which will allow people to lose or put on weight as they need．One exciting development will be the 45 of being deep frozen for a period of time and then wake up some years later．I would be interested in that myself．
37．_________ 38．________ 39．__________ 4 0．___________ 41．_________
42．_________ 43．________ 44. ___________ 45. ____________
Ⅲ．Reading Comprehension．(30分)
Section A
Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D．Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context．
As she walked round the large shop，Edith realized how difficult it was to choose a ___46___ Christmas gift for her father．
She 47 that he were as easy to please as her mother，who was always satisfied with perfume(香水)． 48 ，shopping at this time of the year was a most unhappy job. People
49 on your feet，pushed you with their shoulders and almost 50 you over in their hurry in order to 51 something cheap ahead of you．
Partly to have a rest，Edith paused in front of a counter，where some beautiful ties were on show．“They are 52 silk, ” the shop assistant told her with a smile trying to persuade her to buy one．But Edith knew from past 53 that her choice of ties hardly ever pleased her father．She moved on slowly and then，quite by chance，stopped 54 a small crowd of men had gathered round a counter．She found some fine pipes on sale and the 55 were very beautiful．Edith did not hesitate for long， 56 her father only smoked a pipe once in a while，she believed this was 57 to please him．
When she got home，with her small but well chosen present 58 in her handbag，it was time for supper and her parents were already 59 table．Her mother was in great excitement．“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking，”she told her daughter happily．Edith was so 60 that she could not say a single word．
( )46．A．beautiful B．suitable C．nice D．fit
( )47．A．believed B．wished C. hoped D．supposed
( )48．A．Therefore B．Fortunately C．Besides D．Finally
( )49．A．walked B．stepped C．1ifted D．stood
( )50．A．knocking B．knock C．to knock D．knocked
( )51．A．watch B．find C．grasp D．sell
( )52．A．real B．cheap C．poor D．exact
( )53．A．experience B．things C．books D．school
( )54．A．where B．which C．in which D．what
( )55．A．money B．cigarette C．shapes D．shop
( )56．A．for B．as C．since D．although
( )57．A．hardly B．impossibly C. possibly D．certainly
( )58．A．to be hidden B．being hidden
C．hidden D．having been hidden
( )59．A．on B．by C．beside D．at
( )60. A. glad B. happy C. surprised D. excited

Section B
Directions：Read the following passages．Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements．For each of them，there are four choices marked A，B，C and D． Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read．
(A)
I fell in love with England because it was quaint(古雅的)--- all those little houses，looking terribly old-fashioned but nice，like dolls’houses．I loved the countryside and the
pubs，and I loved London．I’ve slightly changed my mind after seventeen years because I think it’s an ugly town now．
Things have changed．For everybody，England meant gentlemen，fair play，and good manners．The fair play is going，unfortunately，and so are the gentlemanly attitudes and good manners--- people shut doors heavily in your face and politeness is disappearing．
I regret that there are so few comfortable meeting places．You’re forced to live indoors．In Paris I go out much more，to restaurants and nightclubs．To meet friends here it usually has to be in a pub，and it can be difficult to go there alone as a woman．The cafes are not terribly nice．
As a woman，I feel unsafe here．I spend a bomb on taxis because I will not take public transport after 10 P．m．I used to use it，but now I’m afraid．
The idea of family seems to be more or less non-existent in England．My family is well united and that’s typically French．In Middlesex I had a neighbor who is 82 now．His famity only lived two miles away，but I took him to France for Christmas once because he was always alone．
( )61．The writer doesn’t like London because she ________．
A．is not used to the 1ife there now
B．has lived there for seventeen years
C．prefers to 1ive in an old-fashioned house
D．has to be polite to everyone she meets there
( )62．Where do people usually meet their friends in England?
A．In a cafe． B．In a restaurant． C．In a nightclub． D．In a pub．
( )63．The writer took her neighbor to France for Christmas because he_________．
A．felt lonely in England B．had never been to France
C．was from a typical French family D．didn’t like the British idea of family
(B)
Do you know that you can use your watch as a compass(指南针)on a sunny day? Take a watch and point the hour hand in the direction(方向)of the sun．Imagine a line which runs from the center of the watch through a point halfway between the hour hand and number one．This line will surely point south．
If you know astronomy a little，you will understand why this works．In the northern half of the earth，the sun is in the south at noon．In Russia，the real noon is one o’clock．If at that time we point the hour hand at the sun，the hour hand and number one will point south．That is why you must imagine a line which will run from the center of the watch through a point halfway between the hour hand and number one．It will point south. If you are in the southern part of our planet，you must point number 12 at the sun．The line which you can imagine between number twelve and the hour hand will then show south．
( )64．When we carry out this experiment in the northern part of the earth，we should
point at the sun__________．
A．number 12 B．the minute hand
C．the hour hand D．number one
( )65．The passage tells us that we can use a watch 0n a sunny day________．
A．to study the weather B．to show direction
C．to enjoy ourselves D．to keep good time
( )66．If you are in Australia, which of the following is the right way to show north?
A．Point the hour hand at the sun． B．Point number 6 at the sun．
C．Point number one at the sun． D．Point number 12 at the sun．
( )67．What’s the best title for this passage?
A．Your Watch Becomes a Compass B．An Interesting Watch
C．The Story of a Watch D．The Sun and a Watch
(C)
The decision to further all or part of your studies outside your country is a serious one，and one which for most students will have a special life-long benefit．If you realize English will help you in your career and enrich your personal life，you will find that coming to England to study English is a very special experience that you will never forget．I am very pleased to have this opportunity to invite you to join our English Language courses．
London is one of the world’s outstanding cultural and trade center．You will 1ive in one of the world’s great cities．It provides the perfect arrangements in which to learn and develop English language skills．The international body of the students attending courses at English Language Institutes in London provides an attraction because it is a good chance for you to enjoy other cultures in surroundings to develop personal character．As we prepare for the 21st century，international communication has never been more important．To master a foreign language is becoming a useful tool for trade，industrial and professional success．Our aim at the English Language Institutes is to develop students’English language skill in friendly and helpful conditions.
Supported by computer，video and audio equipment，and using sound，classroom，our team of teachers will guide you through your chosen course of study，you will receive excellent service and advice at every stage．Out of class support staff will help you settle in and make the most of your stay in London．Truly，you will enjoy yourself in London and make friendships that will last a lifetime．I hope we can welcome you to this exciting world of London．Come and see us! Visit a class in any of the English Language Institutes．See for yourself why we encourage you to study in London．
( )68．The writer invites you to join their English Language course，because_________．
A．London is really a good place for learning English
B．you can enjoy a special foreign culture
C．London is a great international trade center
D．computers can teach you to learn English well
( )69．The main purpose of the text is________．
A．to introduce something about London
B．to let us know the importance of learning English
C．to tell us the skills of learning English
D．to introduce an English course in London
( )70．This passage is a(an)________．
A．story B．novel C．1etter D．advertisement
Section C
Directions：Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from the list A—F for each paragraph．There is one extra heading which you do not need．
A. EducationB．Introduction to SingaporeC．Economy of SingaporeD．Land and ClimateE．Population of SingaporeF．State system of Singapore

71．________________
Singapore is an independent city-state in southeastern Asia，consisting of one major island—the Singapore Island—and more than 50 small islands，located off the southern tip of Malay．The city of Singapore，the city of the country，is at the southeastern end of the Singapore Island：It is one of the most important port cities and commercial centers of southeast Asia. The total area of the republic is 640 square kilometers．
72．________________
Low-lying Singapore Island has no outstanding relief features．A central area of hills rises to the maximun height of 176m．The country has a wet tropical climate，with an average annual temperature of 27．2℃．The average annual rainfall is 2，413 mm；the wettest months are November through January．
73．______________
Singapore is governed under a constitution of 1959．A president，elected to a four-year term, is head of state, and a prime minister is head of government．The president used to be elected by Parliament，but by a 1991 constitutional amendment，the president is now elected by the people directly．The Parliament is the law-making body with its 81 members popularly elected．
74．____________
In the late 1980s the country had some 290 primary schools with 278，300 pupils and 160 secondary schools with 200，200 students．The main institutions of higher education are the National University of Singapore，several technical colleges，and a teachers’college．
75．____________
Singapore has one of the highest standards of living of any country in Asia．In the late 1980s the gross domestic product was estimated at 23．7 billion，or $8，870 per person．The fishing industry is centered on the port of During，on southwestern Singapore Island．Industry has grown rapidly since the 1960s，and Singapore now produces a diversity of goods，including chemicals, electronic items，clothing，and processed foods，etc．Shipbuilding and petroleum refining are also important．
第Ⅱ卷(25分)
I．Translation．(15分)
Directions：Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets．
1． 这封介绍信或许能帮你采访那位体育明星。(ensure)

2. 无视规则是不划算的，因为你可能找不到合作伙伴。(ignore)

3．任何喜欢时尚的女性都难以抵挡购买一些本不需要的衣服的诱惑。(overcome)

4．为了安全的缘故，我安装了警报系统。(sake)

5．如果人们用电器时小心一点，许多事故是可以避免的。(avoid)

Ⅱ．Guided Writing．(10分)
Directions：Write an English composition in about 120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．
你的好友小李即将在下周的班会课上发言，谈谈他／她对时下流行的超女、我型我秀之
类选秀现象的看法。请你写一篇短文，就在公共场合发言应注意的问题给几点提示。

参考答案：
Grammar and Vocabulary:
Section A: 21-25 CCDBB 26-30 DBCAD 31-36 BADABA
Section B: FCAGBHDEI
Reading Comprehension:
Section A: 46-50 BBCBD 51-55 BAAAC 56-60 DDCDC
Section B: 61-65 ADACB 66-70 DAADD
SectionC: 71-75 BDFAC

Translation:
1. Perhaps this letter of introduction will ensure you an interview with that sports star.
2. It doesn’t pay to ignore rules, because it will make it hard for you to find parterners.
3. As long as she is fashion conscious, no woman can overcome the temptation to buy clothes that are not needed at all.
4. For the sake of safety, I installed the alarm system.
5. If people are more careful in using electric appliances, many accidents can be avoided.

Guided Writing:
I’m glad to know that you will present your viewpoints of such phenomenon like “super girls” and things like that. Now I’d like to give you some tips.
1. Be fully prepared. Make a list of the points to stress. By doing so, you can concentrate on your aim and will not forget about your main idea.
2. Make eye contact. Remember not to keep your head low all the time. A good speaker knows how much contacting he will make with his audience. Otherwise, listeners will think you are speaking to the walls or the desks instead of them. Then they will lose interest.
3. Good timing. Never try to lengthen your speech or cut it short. It’s boring to hear a long speech and equally dull to hear one that is too short. So keep the correct speed and time yourself.


as if be well received fall short of calls for in general on the other hand
add expression to think of... as play a part in interfere with lose interest in for sb'sake