上海新世纪英语高二年级上学期第四单元 Sports Around the World 教材精讲

伴你成长高二新世纪（上）
Module Two Unit 4
教材精讲：
1 掌握-ing分词完成式和被动式的用法；
2 掌握本课出现的重要词汇。
scale, gymnastics, demonstrate, peak, witness, touch, achieve, giant
3. 掌握本课出现的重要短语。
in terms of, every four years, will power, come out number one, one. . . after another, at the turn off, come true
4.掌握本课出现的重要句型。
It is not until. . .that
5.能力要求。
按空间顺序来组织段落。

语言点详讲：
1.-ing分词的完成式的用法
-ing分词的完成式用作状语，强调一个动作在另一个动作开始前已经完成，或强调第一个动作持续一段时间后发生第二个动作，也强调两个动作之间有一段间隔。
例: Having originally created the environment we live in, plants may be called on once more to save it.
? -ing分词的完成式用作宾语时，强调它表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前，但有时，也可用分词的
一般式代替完成式
例：Jack admitted having broken the window in the class room.
=Jack admitted breaking the window in the classroom.
2.-ing分词的被动式的用法
-ing分词的被动式可用作主语或宾语．它的逻辑主语是它所表示动作的承受者。
例：I am not used to being treated like that.
-ing分词的被动式还可用作定浯、时间状语或原因状语，含有被动、完成两层意思。
例：It is said that the book being written by the famous film star will be published next month.
Being examined by the doctor，I felt nervous.
3．scale的用法
n. the relative size，extent，etc；a system of grading people or things规模．等级
例：The business had to be reduced in scale.
【拓展】
相关词组
on a big/large/small scale大／小规模地
out of scale 不合比例
4．demonstrate的用法
v to show clearly by giving evidence；to exhibit 表达，显示，示威
例：How did he demonstrate the truth of his theory? (跟宾语)
Can you demonstrate that the earth moves around the sun?(跟宾语从句)
【拓展】
词性转换
n demonstration论证，表明，表现
5．peak的用法
n. the point at which a process o r an activity is the strongest, the most successful or the most fully developed 顶峰．最高点．高峰期
例：We saw a victory by an athlete at the very peak of her career．
Don’t go there in the peak season(高峰期+旺期), it’ll be hot and crowded．
Traffic is really bad at peak hours.
6．witness的用法
v to be present and see sth(an event，an accident etc)take place目击
例：China has witnessed great historic events.
n.[C]a person who sees an event见证者
例：He was a witness of the accident.
7．touch的用法
n. a little bit; a detail that is added to something and makes it took or sound stronger or better少许
例：a touch of fever／cold有点发烧／感冒
v. to feel a part of one’s body．usually with one’s hand触摸
例：Don’t touch the exhibits.
v to be associated or connected with sth． 与(某事)有联系或有关系
例：I wouldn’t touch anything illegal.
v． to make(sb／sb．’s feelings)sympathetic or sad 感动
例：The story touched us all.
【拓展】
相关闻组
keep in touch 和……保持联系
get in touch with 和……取得联系
lose touch／out of touch(with) 与……失去联系
词性转换
adj．touching令人同情的
8．achieve的用法
v. to succeed in fulfilling an aim or in making a dream come true 实现，达到，完成
例：achieve success／one’s ambition／one’s goal
【拓展】
词性转换
n. achievement完成，达成．成就
9．giant的用法
n. an imagined person of great size and strength，esp. one mentioned in ancient or children’s stories；a person or thing 0f great size or importance巨人，大力士,伟人
例：Yao Ming is a giant of the basketball team.
a giant pumpkin重要人物
10．divide的用法
v. to split something into parts；to go into parts 分裂
【拓展】
相关词组
divide sth．into把……分成
例：Divide the apple in half／into halves.
11．every的用法
every other+单数名词，意思是“每隔一……”
例：every other day每隔一天
every other tree每隔一棵树
every+基数词+复数名词或every+序数词+单数名词，意思是“每隔……”(较英语数词少一个)
例：every three days, every third day 每隔两天／每三天
every two days=every other day每隔一天／每两天
every few days 每隔几天
12．add的用法
v . to put something together with something else so as to increase the size, number, amount, etc 加，添·增加
【拓展】
相关词组
add A to B把A加到B上
add to增加，增添
add up把……加起来
add up to加起来总共
词性转换
n．addition 加
adj. additional附加的，另外的
13．schedule的用法
n．timetable时刻表
v．to arrange sth．for a certain time 为某事安排时间
例：Jay Chou was scheduled t0 arrive at three o’clock this afternoon.
【拓展】
相关词组
be on schedule准时
14．carry的用法
v. to have or possess；to involve；to support the weight of sth． 有，含有，使承担
例：She knew that her opinion carried very little weight. (有)
This pillar(梁) carries the whole roof．(承担)
The newspaper carries some news．(含有)
15．weight的用法
n. degree of heaviness重，重量
【拓展】
相关词组
gross／net weight毛重／净重
be a weight on one’s mind 思想上的负担
词性转换
adj. weighty 重的，沉重的，繁重的
16. amaze的用法
vt．to fill sb with great surprise 0r wonder 使某人大为惊讶
例：Your knowledge amazes me.
【拓展】
相关词组
be amazed at／by为……感到惊讶
例：We were amazed at／by the news that David had got married.
be amazed to find／see／hear发现／看到／听到某事而感到惊讶
词性转换
(1)adj．amazing令人惊奇的(通常褒义)
例：It was amazing to hear that David had got married.
(2)n．[U]amazement
17．turn的用法
n. a road which leads away from the side of another road; a change in something that is happening or being done 转向，转弯，转折点
例：we got as far as the cinema，and there we made a right turn.
at the turn of the twenty—first century 在21世纪之初
【拓展】
相关词组
at every turn 事事，处处，常常
by turns轮流
in turn依次．按顺序
take a new turn有了新的转折
turn down拒绝
turn out生产．结果是……
turn up露面
18．host的用法
n．a person who receives or entertains one or more other people as guests主人
例：Our host greeted us at the door.
the host country=the host nation东道国
Who will be the host of tonight’s performance?谁是今晚节目的主持人?
v. to act as a host or hostess作……的主持
例：host a TV talk—show主持一场电视脱口秀
19．dream的用法
have a happy dream／dream a happy dream 作了一 个美梦
dream of,／about doing sth 梦想／希望得到／做某事，做梦想到
例：I dreamed of／about you last night.
dream that 做梦想到．常用于否定句中
例：She dreamed that one day she would be famous.
20．continuous的用法
adj. going on without stopping or being interrupted
不问断的，连续不停的
例：a continuous flight
【拓展】
比较 continual连续不断的，频繁的，表示时断时续的
例：I hate their continual arguments.
21．effort的用法
n．努力，尝试
例：It takes times and effort to learn English well.
【拓展】
相关词组
spare no effort(s)to do 不遗余力去做某事
make an effort 努力
22．approve的用法
v. to officially accept a plan，proposal，etc 批准，通过．赞成
例：He doesn’t approve the policy.
I quite approve of your proposal．
【拓展】
词性转换
(1)n[U]approval批准，认可，赞同
(2)v．disapprove不批准．不认可，不赞同
23．the Olympic Games／the Olympics的用法
奥林匹克奥运会 作主语时,谓语常用复数。
例：The Olympic Games are held every four years.
24．in terms of的用法
as regards, regarding就……而言，从……来看
例：A computer is powerful in terms of capacity and speed．
【拓展】
相关词组
medical terms医学术语
25．in between的用法
·在……中间，在……期问．每隔……
例：two houses and a yard in between
26．bring sth．to an end的用法
结束
例：The principal brought the meeting to an end at 6 this afternoon.
【拓展】
相关词组
(1)come to an end结束
例：Everyone hoped that the war would come to an end
(2)by the end of到……为止
例：By the end of last year．we had learned 2，000 words．
(3)at the end of在……的尽头
27．It was not until…that…的用法
例：it was not until the 1 890s that the modern Summer Olympic Games resumed.
·这是强调句．正常的语序是：The modern summer Olympic Games were not resumed until the 1890s
例：It was not until the following week that they found her.
·until(表示动作、状态的继续)直到……为止
例：1 waited until three o’clock，but he didn’t come.
The noise of the street didn’t stop until midnight
(否定句，常与表示瞬间动作的动词连用)
·Not until主句部分倒装，从句不倒装
例：Not until that evening was she able to recover her self-control．
28．Be to do sth．的用法
将要／计划／必须做某事
例：They are to be married next month．
29．take place的用法
举行，发生(没有被动)
例：They decided that the opening ceremony should take place on Thursday
30．for reasons known to all的用法
·由于众所周知的原因
例：For reasons known to a11．he failed to pass the exam.
31．come out number one的用法
得第一
例：She came out number one in the examination.
【拓展】
相关词组
come out显示，表示，露出．开始．出现，开花
32．one…after another的用法
一个接一个
例：They won one victory after another．
33．be labeled 被说成，被称为
例：The phrase is labeled as slang in the dictionary．
【拓 展】
相关词组
put／place／paste a label on a box贴标签
34．1ook forward to的用法
anticipate sth．with pleasure盼望／期待
例：We are looking forward to her coming.
I am looking forward to your birthday party．
35．come true的用法
兑现，实现
例：His dream of becoming a doctor has come true．
36．1et out的用法
发出(叫声) ’
例：She let out a cry of pain
let sb．／sth．out释放，泄露
例：He was let out of prison yesterday
let the air out of my tyre 把我的轮胎里的气放掉
let the news／secret out泄露，透露
They let out cars by the day (出租)
He let out his coat／trousers．(放长，放宽衣服)
37．the night的用法
conj．相当于on the night when，引导时间状语从句．后面不需要加when。
类似的用法还有：
the moment，the minute，the instant，the second 一……就……
例：He called her the instant he arrived home.

活学活用:
◆动词填空： _________________(not learn) the idioms before, I cannot understand the meaning of these sentences.

◆2动词填空：Diana was upset for _______________(not invite) to the ball.

◆3动词填空：He couldn’t stand ______________(make)fun of when his wife w as present.

◆4改错：All the essays having written and collected, the teacher sent the pupils home.


◆5翻译：他们正大规模地准备与伊拉克的战争。


◆6翻译：请示范如何操作那台新机器。


◆7翻译：本世纪见证了上海发生的巨大变化。


◆8 Here is my card. Let’s keep in _________.
A touch
B relation
C connection
D friendship
◆9 Hospital staff burst into cheers after doctors completed a 20-hour operation
to have ___________one-year old twins at the head．
A．isolated B．separated
C．divided D．removed

◆10翻译：每隔9分钟就有一班车到车站。


◆12翻译：他定于下周一演讲。


◆13翻译：有权力就要承担责任。


◆14翻译：我们对西湖的美感到惊异。（amaze）


◆15.Under the present system, state enterprises must_______ all profits to the government.
A. turn down B. turn up C. turn out D. turn in


◆16．翻译：北京主办了2008奥运会。


◆17. Ann never dream of ______ for her to be sent abroad very soon.
A. there to be B. there be a chance
C. being a chance D. there being a chance

◆18. Please stop your ______ question.
A. continuous B. consistent C. continual D. convincing
◆19. According to the studies conducted recently, those security ______ appear to fail to reach the expected goal.
A. efforts B. effect C. affect D. afford
◆20 My girlfriend wrote me a desperate letter as she 1earned that there was no way we could be together due to her parents’_______(approve).

◆21翻译：就经济而言．这是很糟糕的一年。


◆22翻译：在20世纪末．旧的法律停止使用。


◆23翻译：直到我离开了家才明白我以前是多么快乐。


◆24翻译：下周二将举行运动会。


◆25翻译：由于众所周知的原因，David未能入选国家队去参加世界杯赛。



◆26 The rain stopped and the sun ______________ .
A came across
B．came down
C came out
D came up

◆27，The Chinese people have been looking forward to_______ (host)the Olympic
Games for years.
◆28 The mother said she would ______her son _________ washing the dishes if he could finish his assignment before supper．
A let，down
B let，alone
C let，off
D let，out


◆29翻译：香港回归祖国的那一天，她儿子出世了。 (the day)


课后精练
Listening
1．Listen to the short conversation and decide the best answer to the question you have heard．
(1) A．$3． B$1 5． C$2 25 D$2．75
(2) A Aunt and nephew B Aunt and niece
C Grandmother and granddaughter D Teacher and pupil
(3) A To the theatre B To school C To the library D To the movie
(4) A Clean her house while she is away .
B．Buy her some plants and take ca re of them.
C Water her plants while she is away .
D Water her plants when he is not at work.
(5) A．Debbie likes the food．
B She and Debbie have the same opinion
C Debbie is agreeable．
D Debbie is happy if people agree with her．

2 .Listen to the passage and decide the best answer to the question you have heard
(1)A Generally speaking，people want to do things in their own way
B Only a few people can have their own way all the time．
C. People in society can make their own decisions.
D. Sometimes one man's decisions may harm another person.
(2) A. The structure of the society.
B. The selfish behavior of some drivers.
C. The social norms for people to communicate with others.
D. A traffic accident.
(3) A. Poor road conditions.
B. The shortage of time.
C. The improper regulation of the traffic police.
D. The thoughtlessness of selfish drivers.

3. Listen to the longer conversation and fill in the blanks.
Customer Details
Name; Ken (1)
Company: Greenlight Communications, 201 Hall Road, Manchester
Tel-. 064 313 988
Fax: (2)
Other Details
Item: (3)
Quantity/ Amount: (4)
Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

Grammar and Vocabulary
1. — Where's Jack?
— I think he's still in _______bed, but he might just be in _______bathroom.
A./.../ B. the... the C. the. ../ D. /...the
2. Every officer and every soldier ______obey the rules.
A. had to B. have to C. has to D. must have to
3. His parents wouldn't let him marry anyone ______family was poor.
A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose
4. After the war, a new school building was put up ______there had once been a theatre.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
5. ______from his accent,, he must be from Australia.
A. Judging B. Judged C. Having judged D. Being judged
6. ______innocent, he was set free.
A. Judging B. Judged C. Having judged D. Being judged
7. We'll keep you ______of the flood in the Changjiang River.
A. informing B. being informed C. informed D. having informed
8. I hate ______when people talk with their mouths full of food.
A. it B. that C. these D. them
9. She could not help weeping after she had found her favorite watch______.
A. miss B. missed C. missing D. to be missed
10. The ______audience left the cinema one after another before the ______film drew to the end.
A. boring. .. bored B. bored. .. boring
C. boring. .. boring D. bored. .. bored
11. I object ______as he is still too young.
A. to my son's drinking B. my son to drink
C. to my son from drinking D. my son drink
12. John has put on so much weight recently that his mother has to ______ all his trousers to his
measure.
A. let out B. give away C. bring in D. make up
13. Though the long term ______cannot be predicted, the project has been approved by the com?mittee.
A. affect B. effect C. effort D. afford
14. It was not ______she took off her glasses______ I realized she was a famous film star.
A. when... that B. until... that C. until... when D. when. ..then
15. The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather ______ the helplessness of the crew at sea.
A. added to B. resulted from C. turned out D. made up

Cloze
Have you ever heard of "rent-a-jogger(雇慢跑者)"? Jogging is America's most popular new sport. And this is in spite of the scare (恐惧) caused by 1 that jogging can kill. Many doctors warn that for people who aren't 2 to it. the physical strain (过劳) of a long 3 can be too much. Their advice is: if you have a weak 4 or if you are overweight, don't jog—or at least do it carefully.
Harry, who lives in New York, has just the thing for all those people who must not jog but want 5 or who want to jog but haven't got the energy. He offers a 6 called "rent-a-jogger". His advertisements in New York newspapers promise, "Rent me 7 I will jog at least one mile for you each day for the next year."
_ 8 two dollars, Harry will do your jogging for you. for a whole year! Surprisingly, hundreds of people feel better already. Within one week, 322 people wrote to Harry and sent in their money. It's certainly doing Harry a lot of 9 _ . He is 45 years old but he has the slim (苗条的) figure of a 20-year-old man.
But he's only running one mile a day. not 322 miles a day. Harry said, "Each person will be 10 I am doing it just for him or her. " Jogging, or the thought of it, certainly does strange things to people.

1. A. speeches B. talks C. warnings D. recordings
2. A. fit B. suitable C. trained D. used
3. A. walk B. run C. dash D. crawl
4. A. mind B. stomach C. muscle D. heart
5. A. to B. do C. so D. too
6. A. chance B. name C. service D. plan
7. A. so B. then C. and D. but
8. A. By B. For C. In D. With
9. A. benefit B. harm C. damage D. good
10. A. assured B. sure C. insured D. surely

Reading
(A)
40 years ago the idea of disabled people doing sport was never heard of. But when the annual games for the disabled were started at Stoke Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change.
Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had been asked by the British government to set up an injury center at Stoke Mandeviile Hospital near London. His ideas about treating injuries included sport for the disabled.
In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings, things have developed fast. Teams now come from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the first Olympics for the disabled were held in Rome, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games. Now every four years the Olympic Games for the disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, although they are organized separately. In other years Games for the disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville. In the 1984 wheelchair Olympic Games, 1064 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part. Unfortu?nately, they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, along with the other Olympics.
The Games have been a great success in promoting international friendship and understanding, and in proving that being disabled does not mean you can't enjoy sport. One small source of disap?pointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been the unwillingness of the International Olympic Committee to include disabled events at the Olympic Games for the able bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to convince those fortunate enough not to be disa?bled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be excluded.
1. The first games for the disabled were held ______after Sir Ludwig Guttmann arrived in England.
A. 40 years B. 21 years C. 10 years D. 9 years
2. Besides Stoke Mandeville, surely the games for the disabled were once held in______.
A. New York B. London C. Rome D. Los Angeles
3. In Paragraph 3. the word "athletes" means______.
A. people who support the games B. people who watch the games
C. people who organize the games D. people who compete in the games
4. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Sir Ludwig Guttmann was an early organizer of the games for the disabled.
B. Sir Ludwig Guttmann was an injured soldier.
C. Sir Ludwig Guttmann was from Germany.
D. Sir Ludwig Guttmann was welcomed by the British government.
5. From the passage, we may conclude that the writer is______.
A. one of the organizers of the games for the disabled
B. a disabled person who once took part in the games
C. against holding the games for the disabled
D. in favor of holding the games for the disabled
(B)
Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism(批评) from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive(过度的) amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional, or psycho?logical （心理的) and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.
The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to co?operate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents' and coaches' criticisms to heart and find a flaw (缺陷) in themselves.
Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation (参与) does not be?come work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today's youth sport setting, young athletes may be wor?rying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters' performances. Positive re?inforcement (加强) should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can cre?ate high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.
1. An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is______.
A. to reduce their mental stress B. to increase their sense of success
C. to make sports less competitive D. to make sports more challenging
2. According to the passage sport is positive for young people in that______.
A. it can help them learn more about society
B. it enables them to find flaws in themselves
C. it can provide them with valuable experiences
D. it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves
3. According, to the passage parents and coaches should______.
A. pay more attention to letting children enjoy sports
B. help children to win every game
C. train children to cope with stress
D. enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports
4. The author's purpose in writing the passage is______.
A. to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout
B. to persuade young children not to worry about criticism
C. to stress the importance of positive reinforcement to children
D. to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement


Verbs
1. You had better______(read) more books on travel before going for a holiday.
2. The professor is known_______(have) high level of English.
3. I was thinking of this when I heard my name______(call).
4. Don't play the piano when your father______(sleep).
5. When I hurried to the mailbox, it______(open) by the postman.
6. I meant______(send) the book to you by mail.
7. I'd rather______(not. go) tonight, if you don't mind.
8. I suggest that the bedroom______(paint) green.
9. I regretted______(tell) her the news because she was more upset than I had expected.
10. He is not accustomed to_______(seat) by the fire.

Word Transformation
1. You have to be highly ____________(compete) to do well in sport nowadays.
2. The fall of the Berlin Wall ___________(symbol) the end of the Cold War between East and West.
3. He told me that there was a ______________ (celebrate) in his house that night.
4. There are many who want to______(achievement) these goals.
5. Each villa has a ___________ (separate v. ) sitting-room.
6. Jack puts a special___________(emphasize) on weather in his paintings.
7. Mary is now much more__________(depend) of her parents.
8.____________(will) she moved aside.
9. The___________(divide) between the mother and daughter will alter.
10 He had to pay for the________(add) costs of the trial.

Translation
1 从政治上来讲，中国在国际舞台上扮演了很重要的角色。(term)
2 售货员示范了怎样使用这种洗衣机。(demonstrate)
3 千百万中国人期盼2008年奥运会的开幕式。(100k forward to)
4 二战结束后，德国被分成了两半。(divide)
5 直到天黑，孩子们才回家。(Not until)



Module Two Unit 4
1. Not having learned
2. not being invited / not having been invited
3. being made
4. B having been written and collected
5. They are preparing for war against Iraq on a large scale.
6. Please demonstrate how to operate the new machine.
7. This century has witnessed the great changes in Shanghai.
8, A
9. B
10. There is a bus to the station every ten minutes.
11. ad?dition
12. He is scheduled to give a speech next Monday.
13. Power carries great responsibility.
14. We were/are amazed at the beauty of the West Lake.
15. D
16. Beijing is going to host the 2008 Olympic Games.
17. D
18. C
19. A
20. disapproval
21. This is an awful year in terms of economy.
22. The old law was brought to an end at the end of the 20th century.
23. Not until I left home did I begin to understand how happy I had been.
24. A sports meet is to be held next Tuesday.
25. For reasons known to all, David was not selected as a member of the national team and could not compete in the World Cup.
26. C
27. hosting
28. C
29. Her son was born the day Hong Kong returned to its motherland.
Listening
1. (1.) C (2) A (3) B (4) C (5) A 2. CI) B (2) C (3)D
3. (1) Saunders (2)064 318 006 (3) Computer desk(s) (4)6
Grammar and Vocabulary
1. D 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. B 11. A 12. A 13. B 14. B 15. A
Cloze
1. C 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. A
Reading
(A) 1. D 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. D
(B) 1. A 2. C 3. A 4. C
Verbs
1. read 2. to have 3. called 4. is sleeping 5. was being opened 6 to send 7. not go 8. be painted 9. having told 10. being seated Word Transformation
1. competitive 2. symbolized 3. celebration 4. achieve 5. separate
6. Emphasis 7. independent 8. Unwillingly 9. division 10. additional
Translation
1. In terms of politics/In political terms, China plays an important role on the international stage.
2. The salesman demonstrated how to use this washing machine.
3. Millions of Chinese are looking forward to the opening ceremony of the 2008 Olympic Games/ Olympics in 2008.
4. Germany was divided into two parts after World War II.
5. Not until it was dark did the children go home.