译林版九年级英语上册Unit 8 Detective stories语法解析及练习（定语从句）
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| 名称 | 译林版九年级英语上册Unit 8 Detective stories语法解析及练习（定语从句） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2019-12-21 17:19:20 | ||
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Unit 8 Detective stories语法解析及练习（定语从句）
语法：定语从句
定语从句的定义
定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，翻译成“……的”，通常位于名词或代词后面。被修饰的名词,词组或代词叫先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词引导定语从句时，可作主语、宾语、定语等句子成分。
句子成分 用于限制性从句或非限制性从句 只用与限制性从句
代替人 代替物 代替人或物
主语 who which that
宾语 whom／who which that
定语 whose（＝of whom） whose（＝of which）
1.This is the doctor who came from London.（在从句中做主语）
2.The book which／that I am reading is written by Thomas Hardy.（在从句中做宾语）
3. The desk whose leg is broken is very old.（在从句中做定语）
4. This is the room that／which Shakespeare was born in.（在从句中做状语）
关系代词的详细用法
（1）如果先行词是all， anything， something， nothing， everything， little， none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。
例如：All that are present burst into tears.
（2）如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first，last，any，only，few，much，no，some，very等词修饰，关系代词常用that，不用which。
例如：The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.
（3）非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。
如:There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom are well educated.大约有七百万人参加选举,他们中大部分都受过良好教育。
（4）which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思与and this相似。
例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.
（5）which可作表语,既可指人,也可指物。指人时,一般指从事某种职业或是有某种特征、品性或才能的人。如: He is exactly the man which an education is likely to form.他正是这种教育可能塑造出来的人。
（6）如果作先行词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体,关系代词用 which；若是指集体中的各个成员,则用who。如: The audience, which was very excited, applauded the performers.激动的观众为表演者鼓掌。
（7）先行词有两个指人,一个指物,关系代词应该用that。如: The boy and the dog that in the picture are very lovely.照片中的男孩和狗很可爱。
（8）如果先行词是 anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody关系代词应该用who或whom,不用 which。如: Is there anyone here who will go with you？这儿有人和你一起去吗?
“介词＋关系代词”
（1）“介词＋关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。此结构中的介词可以是in, on, about, from, for, with, to, at, of, without等，关系代词常常只可用whom或which，不可用that。
例如：The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.
（2） from where为“介词+关系副词”结构,但也可以引导定语从句。如: We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town.我们站在山顶,从那里可以看见小镇。
（3）像listen to， look at， depend on， pay attention to， take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不将介词与动词分开。
例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of. 这是她曾经照顾过的孩子。
关系副词引导的定语从句
1.关系副词也可以引导定语从句
关系副词在从句中分别表示时间、地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语, where充当地点状语,why充当原因状语。
2.that引导定语从句也可以表示时间、地点或原因
that有时可以代替关系副词when, where或者why引导定语从句表示时间、地点或原因，在that引导的这种定语从句中,that也可以省去。
四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1. 二者差异比较
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,引导词同先行词之间一般不加逗号,仅修饰先行词,可以由关系代词、关系副词或that来引导。如: This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。
非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明,用逗号与主句隔开,既可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个主句,不可用that引导。如: The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。
2. 关系代词和关系副词的选择依据
弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词，做主语、宾语或定语的可选用关系代词。
3. 先行词与定语从句隔离
定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。如: This is the article written by him that I spoke to you about.这就是我跟你说过的他写的文章。
五.as在定语从句中的用法
1. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
（1）as多与such,so或 the same连用,可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。如: He used such expressions as he could find in the texts.他使用在课文中可以找到的那些词语。
（2） as也可单独使用,引导非限制性定语从句,作用相当于which如: The elephant's nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.任何人都能看出大象的鼻子像蛇一样。
（3） the same....that与 the same.....as在意思上是不同的，如: I'll do it in the same way as you did.我会用和你一样的方法来做的。 This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.这就是我昨天丢的那支笔。
2. as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置
as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活,可以位于主句前面、中间或后面,一般用逗号与主句隔开,但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。如:As is expected, the England team won the football match正如所料,英格兰队赢得了比赛。
语法练习：
Whenever I met her, ________ was fairly often,she greeted me with a sweet smile.
who B. which C. when D. that
She brought with her three friends, none of _______ I had ever met before.
A. them B. who C. whom D. these
3. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _______ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.
A. if B. when C. which D. since
4. A person ________ e-mail account is full won't be able to send or receive any e-mails.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever
5. Gun control is a subject ______ Americans have argued for a long time.
A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which
6. Mozart's birthplace and the house he composed The Magic Flute are both museums now.
A. where B. when C. there D. which
The house I grew up ______ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which
8. She’ll never forget her stay there _______ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
9. They've won their last three matches,_______ I find a bit surprising.
A. that B. when C. what D. which
10. Life is like a long race______ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
A. why B. what C. that D. where
11. I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city ______ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.
A. which B. of which C. that D. whose
12. My friend showed me round the town, _____was very kind of him.
A. which B. that C. where D. it
13-What do you think of teacher, Bob?
I find it fun and challenging.It is a job ______ you are doing something serious but interesting.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
14. I'll give you my friend's home address, ______ I can be reached most evenings.
A. which B. when C. whom D. where
15. All the neighbors admire this family, ________ the parents are treating their child like a friend.
A. why B. where C. which D. that
16. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _______ are beyond our control.
A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that
17. The man pulled out a gold watch, ________ were made of small diamonds.
A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of
C. which the hands of D. the hands of which
For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, ________New York is an example.
A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which
19. They will fly to Washington, ________ they plan to stay for two or three days .
A. where B. there C. which D. when
20. Yesterday she sold her car, ______ she bought a month ago.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
答案1-5 BCBCC 6-10 ABCDD 11-15 DAADB 16-20 BDCAD
语法：定语从句
定语从句的定义
定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，翻译成“……的”，通常位于名词或代词后面。被修饰的名词,词组或代词叫先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词引导定语从句时，可作主语、宾语、定语等句子成分。
句子成分 用于限制性从句或非限制性从句 只用与限制性从句
代替人 代替物 代替人或物
主语 who which that
宾语 whom／who which that
定语 whose（＝of whom） whose（＝of which）
1.This is the doctor who came from London.（在从句中做主语）
2.The book which／that I am reading is written by Thomas Hardy.（在从句中做宾语）
3. The desk whose leg is broken is very old.（在从句中做定语）
4. This is the room that／which Shakespeare was born in.（在从句中做状语）
关系代词的详细用法
（1）如果先行词是all， anything， something， nothing， everything， little， none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。
例如：All that are present burst into tears.
（2）如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first，last，any，only，few，much，no，some，very等词修饰，关系代词常用that，不用which。
例如：The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.
（3）非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。
如:There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom are well educated.大约有七百万人参加选举,他们中大部分都受过良好教育。
（4）which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思与and this相似。
例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.
（5）which可作表语,既可指人,也可指物。指人时,一般指从事某种职业或是有某种特征、品性或才能的人。如: He is exactly the man which an education is likely to form.他正是这种教育可能塑造出来的人。
（6）如果作先行词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体,关系代词用 which；若是指集体中的各个成员,则用who。如: The audience, which was very excited, applauded the performers.激动的观众为表演者鼓掌。
（7）先行词有两个指人,一个指物,关系代词应该用that。如: The boy and the dog that in the picture are very lovely.照片中的男孩和狗很可爱。
（8）如果先行词是 anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody关系代词应该用who或whom,不用 which。如: Is there anyone here who will go with you？这儿有人和你一起去吗?
“介词＋关系代词”
（1）“介词＋关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。此结构中的介词可以是in, on, about, from, for, with, to, at, of, without等，关系代词常常只可用whom或which，不可用that。
例如：The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.
（2） from where为“介词+关系副词”结构,但也可以引导定语从句。如: We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town.我们站在山顶,从那里可以看见小镇。
（3）像listen to， look at， depend on， pay attention to， take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不将介词与动词分开。
例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of. 这是她曾经照顾过的孩子。
关系副词引导的定语从句
1.关系副词也可以引导定语从句
关系副词在从句中分别表示时间、地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语, where充当地点状语,why充当原因状语。
2.that引导定语从句也可以表示时间、地点或原因
that有时可以代替关系副词when, where或者why引导定语从句表示时间、地点或原因，在that引导的这种定语从句中,that也可以省去。
四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1. 二者差异比较
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,引导词同先行词之间一般不加逗号,仅修饰先行词,可以由关系代词、关系副词或that来引导。如: This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。
非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明,用逗号与主句隔开,既可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个主句,不可用that引导。如: The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。
2. 关系代词和关系副词的选择依据
弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词，做主语、宾语或定语的可选用关系代词。
3. 先行词与定语从句隔离
定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。如: This is the article written by him that I spoke to you about.这就是我跟你说过的他写的文章。
五.as在定语从句中的用法
1. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
（1）as多与such,so或 the same连用,可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。如: He used such expressions as he could find in the texts.他使用在课文中可以找到的那些词语。
（2） as也可单独使用,引导非限制性定语从句,作用相当于which如: The elephant's nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.任何人都能看出大象的鼻子像蛇一样。
（3） the same....that与 the same.....as在意思上是不同的，如: I'll do it in the same way as you did.我会用和你一样的方法来做的。 This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.这就是我昨天丢的那支笔。
2. as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置
as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活,可以位于主句前面、中间或后面,一般用逗号与主句隔开,但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。如:As is expected, the England team won the football match正如所料,英格兰队赢得了比赛。
语法练习：
Whenever I met her, ________ was fairly often,she greeted me with a sweet smile.
who B. which C. when D. that
She brought with her three friends, none of _______ I had ever met before.
A. them B. who C. whom D. these
3. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _______ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.
A. if B. when C. which D. since
4. A person ________ e-mail account is full won't be able to send or receive any e-mails.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever
5. Gun control is a subject ______ Americans have argued for a long time.
A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which
6. Mozart's birthplace and the house he composed The Magic Flute are both museums now.
A. where B. when C. there D. which
The house I grew up ______ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which
8. She’ll never forget her stay there _______ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
9. They've won their last three matches,_______ I find a bit surprising.
A. that B. when C. what D. which
10. Life is like a long race______ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
A. why B. what C. that D. where
11. I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city ______ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.
A. which B. of which C. that D. whose
12. My friend showed me round the town, _____was very kind of him.
A. which B. that C. where D. it
13-What do you think of teacher, Bob?
I find it fun and challenging.It is a job ______ you are doing something serious but interesting.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
14. I'll give you my friend's home address, ______ I can be reached most evenings.
A. which B. when C. whom D. where
15. All the neighbors admire this family, ________ the parents are treating their child like a friend.
A. why B. where C. which D. that
16. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _______ are beyond our control.
A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that
17. The man pulled out a gold watch, ________ were made of small diamonds.
A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of
C. which the hands of D. the hands of which
For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, ________New York is an example.
A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which
19. They will fly to Washington, ________ they plan to stay for two or three days .
A. where B. there C. which D. when
20. Yesterday she sold her car, ______ she bought a month ago.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
答案1-5 BCBCC 6-10 ABCDD 11-15 DAADB 16-20 BDCAD