上海新世纪英语高二年级上学期 Unit1 Eating Around the World教材精讲

伴你成长高二新世纪（上）
Module One Unit 1
教材精讲：
目标扫描 ：
1．掌握一ing分词作状语的用法。
2．掌握本课的重要词汇。
solid，chiefly，alternative，various，ethnic，immigrant，variety，vast，choice，region，California，Mexican，unprocessed，preservative，protein，vegetarian
3．熟记本课出现的常见词组。
in addition to，be filled with，be well known for，a variety of，be keen on，lunch break，take time to do sth．even if
4．掌握一些常用的重要句型。

语言点详解
1．-ing分词作状语的用法
一ing分词的结构
一ing分词作状语可表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式、伴随等意义，这时它相当于一个状语从句。
作原因状语
例：Being ill today，Mary is absent from the English test．
作时间状语
例：When looking out of the window，you can see the famous Opera House．
作伴随状语
例：They went back home，chatting and laughing·
作结果状语
例：He died from a sudden traffic accident，leaving the experiment half—done．
作条件状语
例：Listening to English every day，you’ll learn it well step by step．
注意点：
(1)-ing分词作状语与-ed分词作状语的区别
一般来说，-ing分词表示主动、进行；-ed分词表示被动、完成。
(2)-ing分词作状语时，一般情况下其逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。
2．It’s (was)advisable +that从句
It’s(was)advisable +that从句中，从句的谓语动词的结构是(should)+do(动词原形)。用于此句型结构的还有其他形容词，比如important，natural，strange，necessary，essential，urgent，etc·。
例：It is essential that ways and means to protect the environment(should)be adopted as soon as possible．
3．solid的用法
adj. firm, hard固体的，结实的
n．a firm object or substance that has a fixed shape，not a gas or liquid固体
【拓展】
相关词组
solid diet 固体的食物
lay a solid foundation on 给……打下坚实的基础
4．chiefly的用法
adv．mainly主要的
【拓展】
词性转换
adj．chief主要的
例：a chief editor／engineer／judge／cook 总编辑／总工程师／最高法官／主厨(职位用chief表“总”，但总经理用的是a general manager)
n．a person with a high rank in an organization首领，最高领导人
相关词组
a department chief部门主任
in chief主要地，尤其
5．alternative的用法
n．a thing that you can choose to do or has two or more possibilities可供选择的事物
adj．that can be used instead of something else可供替代的
例：Do you have an alternative solution to the problems?
【拓展】
相关词组
have no alternative but to do sth．=have no choice but to do sth.
=can do nothing but do sth． 别无选择，只能做某事
6．various的用法
adj．several，different各种各样的
例：She took the job for various reasons．
【拓展】
词性转换
n．variety多种式样，不同种类
V．vary变化，不同
例：The weather varies from hour to hour in some mountainous districts．
相关词组
a wide variety of／an immense variety of 有很多种类的
7．ethnic的用法
adj．related to a racial or national group种族的，民族的
例：ethnic groups／food少数民族／民族食品 、
8．immigrant的用法
n．a person who has come to live forever in a country that is not his own移民
例：illegal immigrants非法移民
【拓展】
词性转换
V．immigrate移民
相关词组
immigrate to／into．．， 移民到……
例：Millions of people immigrated to the United States in the 1970s．
9．vast的用法
adj．huge，immense，extremely large广大的，巨大的
例：a vast sea大海
a vast sum of money一大笔钱
10．choice的用法
n. the range of different things from which you are able to choose one particular thing
选择
【拓展】
词性转换
v．choose选择 (P．)chose (PP．)chosen
例：The restaurant has a wide choice of food to choose from．
相关词组
have no choice but to do sth． 别无选择只能做……
11．region的用法
·n．a fairly large area without set boundaries地方，地区
例：Hong Kong Special Administrative Region香港特别行政区
【拓展】
词性转换
adj．regional地方的
例：the conflict between regional and national interests
地方利益和国家利益的冲突
area，district，zone和region的用法比较
area面积，区域(指自然分界的地区)
例：What’S the area of Shanghai~
residential area住宅区
district区(指行政区域)
Our school is located in Fengxian District． 我校位于奉贤区。
zone地带，地区(指具有某一特征、目的或用途的地区)
the war zone战区
parking zone停车点
region地区(即可指有独特性质的区域，也可指无独特性质的区域，还可指艺术、科学领域与范围。)
We can find this kind of birds in the Arctic regions
12．settle的用法
·V．to put an end to．．． 解决，结束
例：He had to settle tough affairs before he could return home．
v．to make a place your home forever定居
例：The immigrants have settled in the small town from then on．
【拓展】
相关词组
settle down定居
settle(sb．)down to do sth． 静下心来做某事
set out to do / set about doing 着手做某事，开始做某事
settle(down)to sth． 定下心来做，开始认真对待
13．well—being的用法
·n．(1)health健康
(2)comfort舒适
例：His walk in the sunshine gave him sense of well-being.
【拓展】
相关词组
pay attention to physical well·being注重身体健康
14．unprocessed的用法
adj．without being processed未加工的
例：unprocessed food未加工的食品
【拓展】
词性转换
v．process加工，处理，审阅，审核
例：It will take a week for your application to be processed．
n．process过程，进程，流程
例：The machine is in the process of repair．
15．preservative的用法
·n．chemical substance that can be used to keep food unchanged防腐剂
例：The juice contains no artificial preservatives．
adj．that can be used to keep food unchanged防腐的
【拓展】
词性转换
v．preserve维护，保护，保留
相关词组
preserve natural resources保护自然资源
16．rush的用法
v．to move or to do sth．with great speed冲进，急冲
n．a sudden moment forward made by a lot of people or things冲进
例：Don’t rush through your lunch．It’s harmful to your health．
I regretted going out in the rush hours．
【拓展】
相关词组
rush through匆匆地做……
rush hours交通高峰期
17．vegetarian的用法
·n．素食者
例：There is no doubt that he is a vegetarian because he doesn’t have meat for meals．
18．common，usual，ordinary，general与normal的用法比较
common常见的，共有的
例：a common lodging—house (英)公共寄宿舍(供穷人寄宿的公共房屋)
usual平常的，平时的
例：As usual，he went to the language lab to practise his listening ability this morning． 和平时一样，今天早上他去了语音室练听力。
ordinary平凡的，不突出的
例：ordinary people平凡的人
general全面的，普遍的
例：a topic of general interest 大家都感兴趣的话题
normal正常的
例：It was normal that the sky turned black at night．晚上天空变黑是正常的。
19．本课词组
take place=happen发生
be well—known for=be famous for以……闻名
例：China is well—known for its traditional culture to the people all over the world．
be made up of．．．=be composed of．．．consist of．．． 由……组成
in addition to与except的用法比较
(1)in addition to指“除某人某事之外，还有……除外的某人某事包括在总体之内。
例：In addition to apples，I like some other fruits．
除了苹果是我喜欢的水果外，我还喜欢其他的水果。
(2)except指除外的人或事不包括在总体之内。
例：l don’t like any fruit except apples．
除了苹果，其他水果我都不喜欢。
a variety of=varieties of多种多样的
例：There are different varieties of shoes in this shop．
be filled with=be full of充满了
become popular=gain popularity受到欢迎
become unpopular=lose popularity不受欢迎
be keen on sth．／doing sth． 对……着迷
be keen to do sth．渴望做……
例：Little Tom is keen on sugar，and sooner or later，he will have his teeth spoiled．
waste one’s time doing浪费某人时间做某事
例：Don’t waste your time waiting here．
take care of=look after=care for=see to照顾，关心，关照
one’s attitude towards某人对……的态度
take time to do sth． 花时间做某事
take time and effort to do sth． 花时间和精力做某事
make an effort to do sth． 努力做某事
make every effort to do sth． 尽一切努力做某事
spare no effort to do sth． 不遗余力做某事
例：It took t ime and effort to carry the difficult task through．
even if=even though 即使

活学活用：
◆1．动词填空：_______ (hear)the knock on the door，they stopped talking．
选择：此句一ing分词充当状语。
A．原因 B．目的 C．伴随 D．让步
◆2．完成句子：Finding her car stolen，________________________(她赶紧向警察寻求帮助)．
◆3．动词填空：
________(suffer) heart trouble for years，Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes．
◆4．动词填空：It is advisable that everyone ___________ (complete) their own work in time．
◆5．翻译：我们应该在实践能力方面打下扎实的基础。

◆6．翻译：我们公司主要有四个部门组成。

◆7．翻译：我们别无选择，只能辞退约翰。

◆8．改错：There is wide variety of computers to choose from in this store．
◆9．完成句子：All the people are curious about ______________ (有民族特色的服装)
◆10. 词性转换：About 6．6 million people ______ (immigrant)to the United States in the 1970s．
◆11．选择：The _______ land in the area was developed early in the century．
A．vast B．big C．1arge D．immense
◆12．翻译：他选择教师作为职业。
◆13．选择：This is a new discovery in the _____ of science.
A．area B．zone C．region D．district
◆14．动词填空：Having had the difficult problems______(settle), ，he felt quite relaxed．
◆15．词性转换：I’m afraid getting things changed will be a slow ________(process).
◆16．词性转换： __________ (preserve)are the substances which make food last longer．
◆17．选择：Don’t ______. I haven’t finished.
A．rush off B．get off C．walk off D．go off
◆18. 翻译：毫无疑问，他是个真正的素食者，因为他总是以蔬菜水果为食。
◆19．选择：I found out that it was quite ______ for people here to take a walk after
supper．
A．common B．usual C．ordinary D．normal
◆20. 翻译：前天在高架上发生了一桩事故。
◆21. 选择：The Eiffel Tower is famous ____ all over the people the world for its strange shape．
A．to B．for C．of D．with
◆22. 翻译：这个队由10个男生和12个女生组成。(3种形式)
◆23. 选择：Having been busy with his work for two days，Jack didn’t go anywhere ____his lab．
A．in addition to B．but C．except to D．instead of
◆24. 翻译：书店中有多种多样的书籍可供选择。

◆25. 翻译：公共汽车上挤满了乘客。

◆26. 词性转换：Coke—cola is gaining _______(popular)these years．
◆27.动词填空：The little girl is so keen ______(see)the　famous star that she ran
across the street directly．
◆28．动词填空：They don’t want　to waste their time　＿＿＿(eat)，so they usually rush　through their lunch at a　hamburger stand．
◆29．翻译：照顾好残疾人是每位公民的职责。

◆30．翻译：经理劝他改变对顾客的态度。

◆31．翻译：孩子们尽一切努力认真学习，为的是能在考试中得到高分。

◆32.选择：Ｉ’ll get there, _____ I have to walk there.
A. even if B. as if C. even as D. even then

课后精炼：
Listening
1. Listen to the short conversation and decide the best answer to the question you have heard. (1)A. At a bank. B. At an inn.
C. On the river side. D. At a basketball match.
(2) A. 6:40. B, 6:20. C. 6:10. D. 6:30.
(3) A. She will decide later.
B. She doesn't care for either.
C. She wants the man to decide.
D. She doesn't want to go out.
(4) A. How to do more exercises.
B. How long people should swim one day.
C. What to eat to keep healthy.
D. How to lose weight.
(5) A. Tom is able to do everything well.
B. Tom still has a wife.
C. Tom is good at everything.
D . Tom can do nothing well.
2. Listen to the passage and decide the best answer to the question you have heard.
(1) A. The local markets. B. Supermarkets. C. Department stores. D. Food markets.
(2) A. They are the most convenient shopping places.
B. They sell goods imported from other countries.
C. They are helpful in answering your questions.
D. They often sell goods at reduced prices.
(3) A. They are the same at different places.
B. They change little with weather condition.
C. They are especially high on holidays.
D. They are low for customers visiting the same shops frequently.
3. Listen to the longer conversation and fill in the blanks.
Dinner
Adam makes dinner every (1)
David cooks on (2)
Mum cooks on (3)
Dad cooks on (4)
Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.
Grammar and Vocabulary
1. ______ the goods displayed in the supermarket ______ so wide that I don' t know what to
choose.
A. A variety of, are B. The variety of, is
C. A variety of, is D. The variety of, are
2. Which of the following sentences is RIGHT?
A. When heard the bad news, she found her tears rolling down.
B．On hearing the news, his tears rolled down.
C. Hearing the bad news, she found her tears rolling down.
D. At the news, his tears rolled down.
3. I need some paper______.
A. for writing a report B. to write a report
C. for writing a report on D. to write a report on
4. The millionaire disappeared, ______all his business unattended.
A. to leave B. leaves C. left D. leaving
5. In that house there is not even a chair______.
A. that to sit on B. which to sit on
C. to sit on it D. which I can sit on
6. Have you got anything interesting______ in the holiday?
A. to read B. reading C. for reading D. to read it
7. He can hardly work out that problem, ______?
A. can't he B. can he C. will he D. won't he
8. ______ is known to all, Shanghai is the largest city in China.
A. As B. Which C. What D. It
9. It took us ______to finish the training course.
A. one and a half month's time
B. a month and a half's time
C. a month and a half of time
D. a month and a half time
10. ______ is not allowed in the school.
A. Smoking B. To smoke C. They smoking D. Anyone smoked
11. It is hard to ______the fresh fruits, for it is too hot these days.
A. protect B. prevent C. preserve D. maintain
12. You can't get to the theatre ______by catching the No.14 bus.
A. more than B. other than C. rather than D. better than
13. ______the doctor knew how terrible the disease was, they still had no way to conquer it.
A. Even when B. Ever C. Even if D. Ever not
14. The country is in the North Temperate______, and is rich in vegetation.
A. Zone B. Area C. District D. Region
15. Pay attention ______your work. You should not be so late ______your work.
A. to. . . for B. to. . . with C. on. . . for D. on. . . with

CLOSE:
Books which give instructions on how to do things are very popular in the United States today. In fact, there are about four thousand books with title(书名) that begins with the words " 1 ". One book may tell you how to__2__more money, another may tell you how to save or spend it.
Many "how to" 3 give advice on careers. They tell you how to 4 a career and how to succeed in it. If you fail, 5 , you can buy a book called How to Turn Failure into Success.
One of the most__6_ types of books is one that helps you with personal 7 .If you are un?happy with your life, you can read How to Love Every Minute of Your Life. If you are 8 books on happiness, you may prefer a book called How to Make Yourself Miserable. There are also many "how to" books which help people use their free time better.
__9 have "how to" books become so popular? 10 because life has become so complex.
Today people have far more free time to use, more choices to make, and more problems to solve. "How to" books help people deal with modern life.

1. A. what to B. how to C. why not D. where to
2. A. collect B. spend C. earn D. change
3. A. education B. courses C. books D. lectures
4. A. enjoy B. choose C. accept D. close
5. A. however B. therefore C. meanwhile D. again
6. A. attractive B. amusing C. popular D. interesting
7. A. life B. hobbies C. troubles D. problems
8. A. Interested in B. tired of C. used to D. Satisfied with
9. A. When B. Where C. How D. Why
10.A . Possibly B. Only C. Probably D. Especially

Reading:
(A)
If you've been joining in chat room conversation, or trading email with Web friends, you have become one of the millions who write in a peculiarly short form of English.
And you've got a sense of humor about short forms like SOHF ( = sense of humor failure) to describe Internet newcomers who don't understand you.
Across the globe, every night teenagers and their elders are "talking" online—many of them are talking at the same time.
It's fast: try talking to six people at once. It's brief: three or four words per exchange. It takes wit, concentration, and quick fingers.
And it requires tremendous linguistic economy. There's neither time nor space for explanations. Why consume precious key-strokes telling six friends you have to leave for a moment to take care of your little brother when BRB ( =be right back) will do?
Want to enter a conversation? Just type PMFJI ( = pardon me for jumping in).
Interested in whom you're talking to? Type A/S/L, the nearly universal request to know your friend's age, sex and location. You may get 15/M/NY as a response from your friend.
If something makes you laugh, say you' re OTF ( = on the floor), or LOL( = laughing out loud), or combine the two into ROTFLC = rolling on the floor laughing).
And when it's time to get back to work or go to bed, you type GTG( = got to go) or TTYL( = talk to you later).
People want to write as fast as possible, and they want to get their ideas across as quickly as they can. Capital letters are left in the dust, except when expressing emotion, as it takes more time to hold down the "shift" key and use capitals. Punctuation is going, too.
1. Talking online is fast and in order to talk to several people at the same time______.
A. you have to speak with a sense of humor
B. you should speak fluently as well as correctly
C. you have to express yourself in a brief way
D. you should pay enough attention to your spelling
2. If you get 21/M/LA as an answer to your A/S/L, it means______.
A. you are talking to a girl who is 21-year-old living in Los Angeles
B. the person who is talking to you is a 21-year-old boy living in Los Angeles
C. you are talking to a boy living in Los Angeles in the 21st century
D. the person who is talking on-line from Los Angeles is going to be 21
3. To save time on the Internet,______.
A. people never use capital letters in writing
B. many people seldom write letters
C. people rarely use capital letters
D. some people never use the "shift" key
(B)
I was very disappointed not to be able to go to the jazz concert last Friday. The announcement in the paper said that you could buy tickets at the theater box office in Richland Hills any day between 10:00 and 4:00. Since I work from 9 o'clock to 5:30, the only time I could go to the theater was during my 45-minute lunch break. Unfortunately the theater is on the other side of the town, and the bus service between my office and Richland Hills is not very good. But if you are lucky, you can make the round trip in 45 minutes. Last Monday, I stood at the bus stop for fifteen minutes waiting for a bus. By the time I saw one come around the corner, there was not enough time left to make the trip—so I gave up and went back to the office. The same thing happened on Tuesday, and again on Wednesday. On Thursday, my luck changed. I got on a bus right away and arrived at the theater in exactly twenty minutes. When I got there, however, I found a long line of people at the box of?fice. I heard one man say he had been waiting in line for over an hour. Realizing I would not have enough time to wait in line, I caught the next bus and headed back across the town. By Friday I real?ized my only hope was to make the trip by taxi. It was expensive, but I felt it would be worth it to hear the concert. The trip by taxi only took 10 minutes, but it felt like an hour to me. When I got to the theater, I was relieved to see that nobody was waiting in line. The reason, I quickly discovered, was that they had already sold all the tickets.
1. The writer of the story works______.
A. in a big city B. in a town by the sea
C. in a small town D. on a farm
2. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. He is very fond of jazz music.
B. He is fond of all kinds of music.
C. He likes classical music best.
D. He doesn't care very much for music.
3. The writer tried to go to the theater every day but only managed to get there______.
A. once B. twice C. three times D. four times
4. He failed to get the ticket on Friday because______.
A. it was impossible to make the round trip to the theater in 45 minutes
B. the concert wasn't on Friday
C. the taxi fare was too expensive
D. the tickets had been sold out
5. The story is about______.
A. someone's disappointment at not being able to go to the concert
B. a good concert
C. someone enjoying a good concert
D. someone trying to buy tickets for a concert
Verbs
1. I think you are wasting time______ (reason) with him as he is now so crazy about it.
2. I got some young people______ (help) us with the cleaning.
3. He went upstairs without______ (notice).
4. The______ (surprise) look on his face suggested he hadn't expected that.
5. Failing in the exam, the child was afraid of______ (beat) by his father.
6. Helen happened______ (read) a poem by Shakespeare to her classmates the moment I went in.
7. Charles Babbage is generally considered______(invent) the first computer.
8. I, who______ (be) your teacher, will try my best to help you with your studies.

Word Transformation
1.The tourists were surprised to find that the Grand Canyon is so______ (vast).
2. There are______ (variety) kinds of books in our library.
3. We shouldn't eat too much______ (health) food which doesn't do good to our health.
4. It is quite necessary for students to______ (preservative) our eyesight.
5. Country music is growing in______ (popular).
6. Mary has made her mind to______(special) in psychology.
7. It is______(appropriate) for us to discuss that now. Let's discuss it later.
8. Most of the people in the town______ (immigrant) here several years ago.

Translation

1.他们坐在树下，享受着美味的食物。（-ing分词作伴随状语）
2. 唐人街以各种各样民族风味的食品而著名。 (known)
3. 大多数人倾向于选择未加工的产品。 (without)
4. 他们不想把时间浪费在做饭上，因此他们匆匆忙忙地在快餐店吃了午餐。(waste)
5. 那个司机不能停下来，别无选择，只能求助于游客。 (alternative)


Module One Unit 1 ANSWERS
1. Hearing, A
2. she hurried to the police for help
3. Having suffered
4. (should) complete
5. We should lay a solid foundation on practical ability.
6. Our company is chiefly composed of four departments. / Our company is chiefly made up of four departments. / Our company chiefly con?sists of four departments.
7. We had no alternative but to fire John/dismiss John.
8. B, a wide variety of
9. ethnic clothes/costumes
10. immigrated
11. A
12. He chose teaching as his career.
13. C
14. settled
15. process
16. Preservatives
17. A
18. There is no doubt that he is a real vegetarian because he always has vegetables and fruits for meals.
19. A
20. An accident took place on the highway the clay before yesterday.
21. A
22. The team is made up of 10 boys and 12 girls. / The team is composed of 10 boys and 12 girls. / The team con?sists of 10 boys and 12 girls.
23. C
24. There is a wide variety of books to choose from in the bookstore.
25. The bus is filled with passengers./The bus is full of passengers.
26. popularity
27. to see
28. eating
29. It's every citizen's duty to take good care of the disabled/ to look after the disabled well.
30. The manager advised him to change his attitude towards his custom?ers.
31. The children made every effort/made all efforts to work hard in order to get good marks in the exam.
32. A
Listening
1. (1) C (2) A (3) C (4) D (5) D
2. (1) A (2) B (3) D
3. (1) Wednesday (2) Tuesday (3) Thursday (4) Monday Grammar and Vocabulary
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. D 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. A
11. C 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. A

Cloze
1.B 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. D 10. C
Reading
(A) 1. C 2. B 3. C (B) 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. A
Verbs
1. reasoning 2. to help 3. being noticed 4. surprised 5. being beaten
6. to be reading 7. to have invented 8. am Word Transformation
1. vast 2. various 3. unhealthy 4. preserve 5. popularity 6. specialize 7. inappropriate
8. immigrated Translation
1. They sat under the tree, enjoying delicious food.
2. China Town is well-known for various kinds of ethnic food.
3. Most people tend to choose the products without being processed.
4. They didn't want to waste their time cooking, so they rushed through their lunch at a snack bar.
5. That driver couldn't stop the car, so he had no alternative but to turn to the tourists for help.