专题五 | 完形填空
体裁类(一)——记叙文
Passage 1
(原创题)A homeless man found a ratty picture of Bambi, the Disney character, in a trash bin and brought it to antique (古董) dealer Alexander Archbold to get 20 dollars.
The men had made some __1__ before, and Archbold, the dealer, found this one was different. At first, Archbold thought he had __2__ a copy from the 1980s or 1990s. He thought if he __3__ the broken frame and __4__ it up, the picture might fetch $80 to $100.
But when he took it out of the frame, Archbold discovered something __5__： It had a copyright date of 1937. Bambi hit theaters in 1942. Suddenly Archbold __6__ he had an original Disney hand－drawn image with much more __7__ than he had firstly thought.
“When I knew it was worth a lot of money, I knew it wasn't __8__ to take it all.” Archbold said. He promised to give Gillian, the homeless man, half of whatever he got from the __9__.
Archbold __10__ the piece for $3,700. But then came the hard part: Finding a man with no fixed __11__. The store owner drove the streets of Edmonton, and __12__ wherever he saw homeless people. He __13__ came across someone who knew Gillian.
That man told the news to Gillian, who then __14__ by the store. Archbold __15__ him the $1,600. He also gave him a(n) __16__ $100 and bought him lunch.
Besides, Archbold __17__ a GoFundMe page to help Gillian get off the streets and into a hotel for the winter. The __18__ quickly went beyond its $10,000 goal in a short time.
Then members of Gillian's __19__ saw the report and reached out to Archbold. The antique dealer was __20__ to put Gillian back in contact with his family and helped him make plans to return home.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。一位古董商发现自己便宜收购的画作居然是原作时，他四处寻找当初卖画作的流浪汉，把所得的利润均分，并继续帮助他。
1．A.deals B．quarrels
C．talks D．fights
答案：A 由上文可知，该流浪汉把画作卖给古董商人。由下文“found this one was different”的提示可推测，两人之前有过这样的交易(deals)，故选A。
2．A.offered B．bought
C．produced D．printed
答案：B 第一段提到这个流浪汉以20美元的价格卖了这幅画，这里应是Archbold以为自己买(bought)的是一个80年代或90年代的复制品，故选B。
3．A.measured B．burnt
C．removed D．supported
答案：C 第一段提到这是一幅破旧的画，所以如果Archbold想要卖个更高的价钱，需要拆掉(removed)坏了的画框，清理一下画作，故选C。下段中的“took it out of the frame”为提示。
4．A.got B．broke
C．picked D．cleaned
答案：D 承接上文，此处指把这幅画清理干净(cleaned it up)，故选D。
5．A.usual B．surprising
C．sensitive D．shocked
答案：B 根据下文内容可知，这是一幅原版的手绘稿，这个发现令人惊讶(surprising)，故选B。
6．A.considered B．raised
C．realized D．guessed
答案：C 根据句意，Archbold意识到(realized)他拥有的是一幅原版迪士尼手绘稿，故选C。
7．A.value B．beauty
C．secrets D．dates
答案：A 下文提到这幅手绘稿价值3,700美元，即它的价值(value)超出了Archbold的最初预想，故选A。
8．A.right B．accessible
C．greedy D．distant
答案：A 下文提到Archbold要把挣得的钱分给卖给自己画作的流浪汉，即可知Archbold认为自己拿走全部利润是不对的(right)，故选A。
9．A.paper B．portrait
C．industry D．picture
答案：D Archbold要把自己卖这幅手绘稿(picture)所得的一半分给那位流浪汉，文章第一句中的“picture”也是提示，因此选D。
10．A.donated B．sold
C．repaired D．hired
答案：B Archbold是古董商，要想获得利益，要通过出售(sold)货物才能实现，故选B。
11．A.company B．name
C．income D．address
答案：D 根据常识可知，流浪汉是没有固定住所(address)的人，而且下文讲到Archbold开车在城里寻找该流浪汉，也证明这位流浪汉没有固定住所，故选D。
12．A.sped up B．slowed down
C．looked out D．saw to
答案：B 每当看到流浪汉，Archbold总会减速(slowed down)，故选B。
13．A.unfortunately B．gradually
C．eventually D．honestly
答案：C Archbold最终遇到了一位认识这位流浪汉的人，eventually意为“最终，终于”，故选C。
14．A.disbelieved B．smiled
C．shouted D．stopped
答案：D 当这位流浪汉知道这个消息后，他顺路去古董店，stop by “顺便拜访，顺路探望”，符合语境，故选D。
15．A.gave B．avoided
C．exchanged D．stole
答案：A 下文提到Archbold又给了这位流浪汉100美元。由此可推知Archbold先给了(gave)这位流浪汉该得的利润，故选A。
16．A.official B．new
C．additional D．private
答案：C 另外的100美元是多给的钱，是额外的(additional)，故选C。
17．A.called off B．built up
C．came out D．set up
答案：D Archbold在网络上为这位流浪汉创建了一个网页。call off “取消”；build up “增进；加强”；come out “出现；出版”；set up “创建”。故选D。
18．A.bank B．account
C．credit D．savings
答案：B 承接上文可知，人们通过网页，为这位流浪汉提供帮助。他的账户(account)很快就达到了预期的目标，故选B。
19．A.family B．friends
C．neighbours D．children
答案：A 下文提到Archbold帮助这位流浪汉和家人相聚，即可知流浪汉的家人们(family)联系上了他，故选A。
20．A.upset B．rude
C．happy D．disappointed
答案：C Archbold是一个乐于助人的好人，当这位流浪汉可以和家人团聚的时候，他很乐意帮助这位流浪汉。be happy to do sth. “乐意做某事(尤指帮助别人)”，故选C。
Passage 2
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)It's about 250 miles from the hills of west-central Iowa to Ehlers' home in Minnesota. During the long trip home, following a weekend of hunting, Ehlers __1__ about the small dog he had seen __2__ alongside the road. He had __3__ to coax (哄) the dog to him but, frightened, it had __4__.
Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that __5__ dog. So, four days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two drove __6__. After a long and careful __7__， Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving __8__ away. Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with __9__. It just started licking (舔) Ehlers' face.
A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one __10__ as lost in the local paper. The ad had a __11__ number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers __12__ the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had __13__ their dog.
Jeff had __14__ in Iowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog off. Jeff searched __15__ for Rosie in the next four days.
Ehlers returned to Minnesota, and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan. “It's good to know there's still someone out there who __16__ enough to go to that kind of __17__，” says Lisa of Ehlers' rescue __18__.
“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as __19__ to it as I am to my dogs，” says Ehlers. “If it had been my dog, I'd hope that somebody would be __20__ to go that extra mile.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一位男士帮助素不相识的人找回走失的狗的故事，体现了和谐的人际关系。
1．A.read B．forgot
C．thought D．heard
答案：C 根据下文可知，回家旅途中，Ehlers碰到一只小狗。再根据之后Ehlers和小狗的故事可知，他在回家的路上一直想着(think)那条狗。
2．A.fighting B．trembling
C．eating D．sleeping
答案：B 根据后面的“frightened”可知，此处表示那条狗正在路边发抖(tremble)。
3．A.tried B．agreed
C．promised D．regretted
答案：A 结合后面的“to coax (哄) the dog to him”可知，本来Ehlers设法(try)把那条狗哄到身边来，希望帮助它。
4．A.calmed down B．stood up
C．rolled over D．run off
答案：D 虽然Ehlers想把狗哄到身边来，帮助它，但是狗由于害怕，跑掉了(run off)。
5．A.injured B．stolen
C．lost D．rescued
答案：C 根据上文可知，那条狗跑掉了，因此Ehlers被那条走失的(lost)狗弄得心烦意乱。
6．A.home B．past
C．back D．on
答案：C 根据上句可知，Ehlers回家了，但是他被那条走失的狗弄得心烦意乱，所以，四天后， 他叫上他的朋友Greg，开车回去(back)寻找那条狗。
7．A.preparation B．explanation
C．test D．search
答案：D 结合前面的“After a long and careful”和后面的“Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving__8__away”可知，经过长时间的仔细搜寻(search)，Greg看见了那条狗。
8．A.cautiously B．casually
C．skillfully D．angrily
答案：A 根据第一段最后一句中的“frightened”和下文的“nervousness and fear”可知，那条狗受到惊吓，感到紧张不安和恐惧，因此当Greg看见它的时候，它正小心谨慎地(cautiously)移动。
9．A.surprise B．joy
C．hesitation D．anxiety
答案：B 根据空格前面的“nervousness and fear were replaced”以及后面的“It just started licking (舔) Ehlers' face.”可知，它的不安和恐惧被快乐(joy)取代。
10．A.predicted B．advertised
C．believed D．recorded
答案：B 结合后面的“as lost in the local paper”及“the ad”可知，一位当地的农场主告诉他们这条狗好像是刊登在当地报纸上的广告(advertised)中所描述的走失的狗。
11．A.house B．phone
C．street D．car
答案：B 根据下文的“the number of Jeff and Lisa”以及生活常识可知，寻狗启事上应该有电话(phone)号码。
12．A.called B．copied
C．counted D．remembered
答案：A Ehlers打电话 (call)给Jeff和Lisa，即狗的主人。
13．A.fed B．adopted
C．found D．cured
答案：C Ehlers打电话告诉狗的主人，他发现(find)了他们的狗。
14．A.hunted B．skied
C．lived D．worked
答案：A 根据后面的“but the gun shots had scared the dog off”可知，Jeff带着他的狗Rosie在Iowa打猎(hunted)，但是枪声把狗吓跑了。
15．A.on purpose B．on time
C．in turn D．in vain
答案：D 结合上文Ehlers发现了Rosie可知，Jeff找了四天，也没有找到他的狗，即徒劳无功(in vain)。
16．A.cares B．sees
C．suffers D．learns
答案：A 这句是狗的女主人Lisa赞美Ehlers的话。她认为有人能够关心(care)一条狗，真是一件好事。
17．A.place B．trouble
C．waste D．extreme
答案：B 结合上文Ehlers邀请朋友Greg帮助寻找那条狗，并且他还回到Minnesota，又开车100英里到了Minneapolis，在那里让Rosie登上了飞往Michigan的航班，这都说明他为那条狗大费周折，不怕麻烦(trouble)。
18．A.service B．plan
C．effort D．team
答案：C 此处表示Ehlers为了Rosie做出了很多努力(effort)。
19．A.equal B．allergic
C．grateful D．close
答案：D Ehlers认为无论是谁丢失了狗，都很可能像他对待自己的狗一样亲近(be close to)。
20．A.suitable B．proud
C．wise D．willing
答案：D 分析本句可知，Ehlers认为，如果他的狗走丢了，他希望有人愿意(willing)不怕麻烦地去帮助寻找他的狗。
Passage 3
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Two weeks earlier, my son, Ben, had got in touch. He'd moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I'd __1__ seen him. So imagine my __2__ when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.
I was __3__！ I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to __4__. The bay was __5__ in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore. Getting a little __6__， I realized one kayak (皮划艇) was in __7__. “Something's not __8__！” I took off my T-shirt and __9__ into the water. I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle. He was __10__ violently. Linking arms with one of the instructors, I helped __11__ the young man out of the water. He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something __12__ to me. Those brown eyes were very __13__. “What's his name？” I asked the instructor. “Ben，” he replied, and immediately I __14__. That stranger was my son!
The instructors called for an ambulance. __15__， after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to __16__ and later the family met up for dinner. We chatted about everything and then Ben __17__ to me. “I just want to say thank you，” he said. “You __18__ my life！”
I still can't believe what a __19__ it was. I'm just so glad I was there __20__ to help my son.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者与儿子分离13年后终于和他取得联系，并准备见面。在和儿子见面的地点，作者救了一个年轻人，没有想到的是，年轻人竟然是自己13年未见的儿子。作者感慨世事难料，认为这种巧合是冥冥之中注定的。
1．A.also B．often
C．even D．last
答案：D 根据上文可知，儿子在三岁的时候离开，到现在已经13年了。由此可以暗示出是上一次见面。 last作副词，意为“上一次”，符合语境。
2．A.delight B．relief
C．anger D．worry
答案：A 根据上下文可知，作者13年没有见到自己的儿子，突然收到儿子的电子邮件，说要来看望自己。由此可以推知，作者很快乐、开心。delight “高兴，愉快”。故选A项。
3．A.scared B．shocked
C．thrilled D．ashamed
答案：C 根据上文可知，作者此时的心情应该是非常兴奋的。thrilled “欣喜若狂的”。故选C项。
4．A.talk B．stay
C．meet D．settle
答案：C 根据上文可知，作者很早就到了拜伦湾，他们应该在那里见面(meet)。
5．A.bathed B．clean
C．deep D．formed
答案：A 根据常识可知，早晨海湾应该是沐浴在阳光里。be bathed in sunshine是固定搭配，意为“沐浴在阳光中”。
6．A.faster B．closer
C．heavier D．wiser
答案：B 根据常识和下文儿子出现意外情况可知，只有离得比较近(closer)，才能意识到一艘皮划艇出现了意外。故选B项。
7．A.trouble B．advance
C．question D．battle
答案：A 根据下文内容可知，一艘皮划艇遇到了麻烦。in trouble “陷入困境”符合语境。in advance “提前”；in question “正被讨论的；考虑之中的”；in battle “在战斗中”。
8．A.real B．right
C．fair D．fit
答案：B 作者意识到有一艘皮划艇遇到了麻烦，事情有些不对劲了。right “正常的，情况良好的”。
9．A.stared B．sank
C．dived D．fell
答案：C 根据下文作者去帮忙救人可知，作者脱掉T恤衫，跳入水中。dive “潜水，跳水”，符合语境。
10．A.arguing B．fighting
C．shouting D．shaking
答案：D 此处描写了Ben落水后失去意识的状况：他剧烈地颤抖(shaking)。故选D项。
11．A.lead B．persuade
C．carry D．keep
答案：C 根据前面的“Linking arms with”可知，作者和一个教练双臂相挽，帮着把那个年轻人抬(carry)出水面。
12．A.happened B．occurred
C．applied D．appealed
答案：B 作者看了看这个年轻人的面孔，接着问起了他的名字，因此可推测此时作者应是想起了什么。something occurred to sb.表示“某人突然想起某事”。happen to “(某事)发生(在某人身上)”；apply to “(对……)适用，(对……)有效”；appeal to sb. “对某人有吸引力，呼吁”。
13．A.sharp B．pleasant
C．attractive D．familiar
答案：D 根据后句作者询问教练落水者的姓名，以及第二段最后一句“That stranger was my son！”可知，familiar “熟悉的”符合语境。
14．A.agreed B．hesitated
C．doubted D．knew
答案：D 作者马上明白了(knew)(眼前这个年轻人就是自己的儿子)。
15．A.Fortunately B．Frankly
C．Sadly D．Suddenly
答案：A 根据下文的“Ben was well enough”可知，幸运的是(fortunately)，在医院经过短暂休息后，Ben恢复得很好。
16．A.return B．relax
C．speak D．leave
答案：D 由语境可知，Ben恢复得很好，被允许离开(leave)医院。
17．A.joked B．turned
C．listened D．pointed
答案：B 根据下文的“I just want to say thank you”可知，Ben转向作者向他道谢。turn “转向(某人)，转过身体”，符合语境。
18．A.created B．honored
C．saved D．guided
答案：C 作者的儿子感谢作者救了自己的生命。故选C项。
19．A.coincidence B．change
C．pity D．pain
答案：A 这是作者的一次偶然救人的经历，没想到救助的是打算和自己见面的分别已久的儿子，这纯属巧合，因此选coincidence。
20．A.on board B．in time
C．for sure D．on purpose
答案：B 作者为了和自己的儿子见面，早早地赶到了见面的地点，没想到看到了意外事故，及时地从水中救出了自己的儿子。因此in time “及时”符合语境。
体裁类(二)——夹叙夹议文
Passage 1
At my daughter's presentation ceremony, the principal reminded the kids of that now－familiar truth: they could have multiple careers in their lifetimes. As I lay in bed that evening, another truth __1__ me that it is not just different careers that __2__ each child.
I __3__ my own life and how much it has __4__. Five years ago, I was in an unhappy marriage, living in a house that I felt wasn't mine. I felt __5__ most of the time and not __6__ my own future. Now, I live in my own beautiful apartment. My family life is peaceful, filled with __7__. My life is barely __8__. I created a whole new reality.
I have always __9__ that great change is possible. I am the great－grandchild of the immigrants who left their countries with few __10__. From the shtetls (犹太人小村庄) of Russia and Poland, they created their own communities.
My parents moved to a __11__ city with two small children and started a life different from that in their hometown. And my late grandmother lived two completely different lives. __12__ she was a widow at 43 after my grandfather died suddenly, she __13__ her daughters alone, cared for her elderly mother and __14__ travelled out of her hometown. At 68, after being single for 26 years, she __15__ us all by falling in love and remarrying. She and her husband, Harry, socialized __16__， and travelled around the country.
Life is full of __17__. We assume that our lives are linear (直线的), leading us from birth to death into a straight __18__. But they can change and have sharp __19__. They can double back and leap forward and begin another __20__ altogether.
篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在文中借助自己及自己亲人的生活经历表达了人生充满可能性这一观点。
1．A.hit B．promised
C．attacked D．suggested
答案：A 根据上下文可知，作者突然意识到了另一条真理。hit “使突然意识到”符合语境。promise “承诺”；attack “袭击，攻击”；suggest “建议，表明”。
2．A.hold back B．appeal to
C．wait for D．call on
答案：C 根据上文中的“the principal reminded the kids of that now－familiar truth: they could have multiple careers in their lifetimes”可知，此处表示作者突然意识到，并不仅仅是不同的职业在等待着每个孩子。wait for “等待”符合语境。hold back “阻挡，抑制”；appeal to “有吸引力，呼吁”；call on “号召，要求”。
3．A.sought for B．tried out
C．took over D．reflected on
答案：D 根据下文的内容可知，作者认真思考了自己的生活。reflect on “认真思考”符合语境。seek for “寻找”；try out “试验，试用”；take over “接管，接手”。
4．A.transformed B．improved
C．abused D．succeeded
答案：A 根据下文作者所说的自己的生活前后的巨大变化可知，作者思考的是自己的生活发生了多大的改变。transform “改变”符合语境。improve “改善”；abuse “滥用”；succeed “成功”。
5．A.terrified B．anxious
C．curious D．ashamed
答案：B 根据上文中的“Five years ago, I was in an unhappy marriage, living in a house that I felt wasn't mine.”可知，五年前，作者婚姻不幸福，觉得住在一个不属于自己的房子中，故作者大多数时候感到焦虑。anxious “忧虑的，焦虑的”符合语境。terrified “非常害怕的，极度惊恐的”；curious “好奇的”；ashamed “羞愧的”。
6．A.in control of B．in defence of
C．in honor of D．in place of
答案：A 根据上文可知，作者大多数时候感到焦虑，因此这里应该是觉得无法掌控(in control of)自己的未来。in defence of “保卫”；in honor of “为向……表示敬意”；in place of “代替，取代”。
7．A.noise B．devotion
C．admiration D．laughter
答案：D 作者现在住在自己漂亮的公寓中，家庭生活平静安宁，充满了欢笑。laughter “笑，笑声”符合语境。devotion “奉献，忠诚”；admiration “钦佩，赞赏”。
8．A.bearable B．recognizable
C．suitable D．acceptable
答案：B 根据上文提及的作者前后生活的对比以及下文的“I created a whole new reality.”可知，作者创造了一个全新的现实生活，故可推知作者现在的生活(和以前的相比变化巨大)很难被认出来。recognizable “容易认出的，易于识别的”符合语境。bearable “可忍受的，能应付的”；suitable “合适的”；acceptable “可接受的，认同的”。
9．A.imagined B．doubted
C．believed D．remembered
答案：C 根据下文描述可知，作者一直都相信巨大的变化是可能发生的。believe “相信”符合语境。imagine “想象”；doubt “怀疑”；remember “想起，记起”。
10．A.contacts B．belongings
C．expectations D．devices
答案：B 根据上文中的“who left their countries with few”并结合选项可知，此处指携带很少的财物离开他们自己的国家。belongings “财物，财产”符合语境。contact “熟人，社会关系”；expectation “期望”；device “装置”。
11．A.poor B．remote
C．strange D．wealthy
答案：C 根据下文中的“started a life different from that in their hometown”可知，作者的父母搬去了一个陌生的城市。strange “陌生的”符合语境。remote “遥远的，偏僻的”。
12．A.Since B．Until
C．When D．Although
答案：A 这里表示，由于作者已逝的外祖母是一个寡妇，所以她(生前)独自抚养自己的女儿们。since “因为，由于”在此处引导原因状语从句。
13．A.educated B．raised
C．accompanied D．comforted
答案：B raise “抚养”符合语境。educate “教育”； accompany “陪同，伴随”；comfort “安慰”。
14．A.nearly B．frequently
C．smoothly D．rarely
答案：D 作者的外祖母(生前)要独自抚养自己的女儿们，照顾自己年老的母亲，所以她很少去她家乡之外的地方旅行。rarely “很少，不常”符合语境。nearly “几乎”；frequently “频繁地，经常”；smoothly “顺利地”。
15．A.amused B．annoyed
C．satisfied D．surprised
答案：D 作者的外祖母(生前)在成了寡妇26年后，于68岁时坠入爱河并再婚，这应该是让作者他们感到吃惊。surprise “使惊奇，使感到意外”符合语境。amuse “逗笑，(使)娱乐”；annoy “使生气，使恼怒”；satisfy “使满意”。
16．A.endlessly B．casually
C．punctually D．accidentally
答案：A 根据下文中的“and travelled around the country”可知，作者的外祖母(生前)和自己的丈夫Harry周游全国，不断地参加社交活动。endlessly “不断地，无休止地”符合语境。casually “随意地”；punctually “守时地”；accidentally “意外地”。
17．A.challenges B．possibilities
C．hardships D．hopes
答案：B 根据上文作者所举的例子可知，生活是充满可能性的。possibility “可能，可能性”符合语境。challenge “挑战”；hardship “艰苦，贫困”。
18．A.pattern B．shape
C．path D．queue
答案：C 我们认为自己的生活是条直线，就是自生至死的一条笔直的路。path “路”符合语境。pattern “图案，模式”。
19．A.tendencies B．directions
C．increases D．twists
答案：D 根据语境可知，我们的生活并不是直线，而是会变化并出现急转弯的。twist “(河流或道路的)曲折处，急转弯处”符合语境。tendency “倾向，趋势”；direction “方向”。
20．A.marriage B．relationship
C．story D．plan
答案：C 根据语境可知，生活会沿原路返回，也会向前快速发展并开始另一个故事。story “故事”符合语境。marriage “婚姻”；relationship “关系”。
Passage 2
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I __1__ the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn't want to __2__ a few dollars? More than that, I'd always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I weren't __3__ enough about free credits, news about our __4__ was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster, which __5__ I would be learning from one of the game's __6__. I could hardly wait to __7__ him.
Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this __8__ was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it __9__ that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to __10__ the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to __11__ what we would learn in class to our future professions and, __12__， to our lives. I managed to get an A in that __13__ and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the __14__.
Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I'm still putting to use what he __15__ me: “The absolute most important __16__ that you learn when you play chess is how to make good __17__. On every single move you have to __18__ a situation, process what your opponent (对手) is doing and __19__ the best move from among all your options.” These words still ring true today in my __20__ as a journalist.
篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了“我”在大二学的免费课程——国际象棋，并讲述了它对“我”生活的指导意义。
1．A.put forward B．jumped at
C．tried out D．turned down
答案：B 根据上文的“a ‘free’ course”和下文“谁不想省下几美元”推断，作者迫不及待地接受了上课的念头。jump at意为“迫不及待地接受”，符合语境。
2．A.waste B．earn
C．save D．pay
答案：C 此处和上文的“a ‘free’ course”呼应，指能省钱。save “节省”，符合语境。
3．A.excited B．worried
C．moved D．tired
答案：A 根据上文可知，作者对免费上课能拿学分这件事很感兴趣，而且他想学国际象棋。此句是even if引导的让步状语从句，因此选择excited，表示即使对免费的学分不感到激动，讲师也足以吸引他。
4．A.title B．competitor
C．textbook D．instructor
答案：D 由空格后的“He was an international grandmaster”可知此处是指国际象棋课程的讲师(instructor)。
5．A.urged B．demanded
C．held D．meant
答案：D 此空格后是对上文“an international grandmaster”的进一步解释说明，mean意为“意味着”，符合语境。
6．A.fastest B．easiest
C．best D．rarest
答案：C 根据上文“讲师是国际象棋大师”可知，作者可以跟讲师学习象棋的精髓，故选择best，意为“最好的人或事物”，符合语境。
7．A.interview B．meet
C．challenge D．beat
答案：B 根据上文，讲师是国际象棋大师，作者能从中受益良多，因此作者迫不及待地想见到他，故选择meet。
8．A.chance B．qualification
C．honor D．job
答案：D 根据上文的“returning to teach”可知，这份工作对他来说不是儿戏，他是认真的。job “工作”，符合语境。
9．A.real B．perfect
C．clear D．possible
答案：C 此处意为讲师向大家讲清楚学分不好挣。clear “清楚的”，符合语境。
10．A.attend B．pass
C．skip D．observe
答案：B 根据下文的“criteria”以及“write a paper”可知，此处是说如何顺利通过这门课程。pass “通过”，符合语境。
11．A.add B．expose
C．apply D．compare
答案：C “what we would learn in class”和“our future professions”对应，把课堂所学应用于未来的职业中。apply sth. to sth.意为“把某事物应用于某事物”，符合语境。
12．A.eventually B．naturally
C．directly D．normally
答案：A 把课堂所学应用于职业中，最终再应用于生活中，因此选择eventually。
13．A.game B．presentation
C．course D．experiment
答案：C 此处指作者的该课程(course)得了A。文章第一段的“a ‘free’ course”亦有提示。
14．A.criterion B．classroom
C．department D．situation
答案：B 根据下文“作者把课堂所学用于人生”可知，作者学到的已经远远超越了课堂的范围。
15．A.taught B．wrote
C．questioned D．promised
答案：A 下文内容都是讲师在课上教(taught)给作者的。
16．A.fact B．step
C．manner D．skill
答案：D 作者学习的是国际象棋，再根据下文对下国际象棋的描述推断此处是在讲最重要的技巧(skill)。
17．A.grades B．decisions
C．impressions D．comments
答案：B 根据下文内容可知，此处表示最为重要的是作出明智的决定(decisions)。
18．A.analyze B．describe
C．rebuild D．control
答案：A 此处是讲下棋时每一步都要分析(analyze)形势，考虑对手的下法。
19．A.announce B．signal
C．block D．evaluate
答案：D 此处指通过分析形势，研究对手的下法，从而评估(evaluate)最好的走法。
20．A.role B．desire
C．concern D．behavior
答案：A 空格后的“as a journalist”点明作者的社会角色(role)。
Passage 3
(2019·陕西商洛市山阳中学2月模拟)When I was a teenager, I had a fellow named Mark who preferred to make friends. He constantly showed __1__ how many friends he owned at school. One day his grandpa said to him, “Mark, I bet you a huge bag of popcorn that you don't have as many friends as you __2__. I'm definitely sure many of them are __3__ more than companions.”
Mark accepted the __4__ without hesitation. However, he wasn't sure how to test __5__ his schoolmates were real friends or not, so he asked his grandpa. The old man __6__， “Wait a minute.” Then the old man left, returning soon as though __7__ something in his hands; Mark could see nothing there, __8__.
“Take it. It's a most special chair, which is rather hard to sit on, as it is __9__， but if you take it to school and __10__ to be seated on it, you will activate its magic and you'll be able to __11__ who your real friends are.”
Mark, brave and __12__， took the chair and set off for school. At break time he asked everybody to __13__ a circle, and he put himself in the middle with his chair. Having difficulty seeing it, Mark tried to sit on it and fell straight onto his __14__. Everyone surrounding him had pretty good laugh.
“Wait! Let me try again，” Mark said. But again, he __15__ the seat, causing more surprised looks and a few catcalls. Mark didn't give up and kept trying to sit on the __16__ chair. Yet he kept falling on the ground ... until, all at once, he tried again but didn't fall. Looking around, Mark saw three of his best friends holding him up. Meanwhile, many others he had viewed __17__ friends had done nothing but made fun of him.
And there, the show came to an end. Mark __18__ that true friends were those who __19__ him, and not just the companions that happened to be passing by. And someone who took joy in his __20__ was even less of a friend.
篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述的是马克一直认为自己有很多朋友，但是他的祖父却不这么认为。两人打赌通过一个测试来证明他是否有那么多朋友，结果证明祖父的想法是正确的。这个故事告诉我们真正的朋友是那些关心在乎我们的人。
1．A.up B．off
C．around D．out
答案：B 根据首句中的“Mark who preferred to make friends”可知，马克喜欢交朋友，他总是炫耀他在学校有很多朋友。show up “出现”；show off “炫耀”；show around “四处看看”；show out “领……出来；送出……”。故选B项。
2．A.possess B．know
C．think D．recognize
答案：C 根据上下文可知，马克总认为(think)自己有很多朋友。故选C项。
3．A.nothing B．anything
C．everything D．something
答案：A 根据祖父的观点及最后一段中的“just the companions”可知，此处指他们中有很多人只是同伴而已，并不是真正的朋友。nothing more than为固定搭配，相当于nothing but，意为“仅仅；只不过”。故选A项。
4．A.popcorn B．order
C．test D．bet
答案：D 根据上段中的“I bet you a huge bag of popcorn”可知，祖父与马克打赌，因而此处表示他毫不犹豫地接受了这次打赌(bet)。故选D项。
5．A.that B．why
C．because D．whether
答案：D 根据语境可知，此处指他不知道如何测试出他的同学是否是真正的朋友。该句中的or not也是提示。whether ... or not为固定搭配，意为“是否……”，故选D项。
6．A.replied B．complained
C．suggested D．promised
答案：A 根据设空前的“he asked his grandpa”可知，此处应为祖父的回答。故选A项。
7．A.fetching B．grasping
C．raising D．carrying
答案：D 根据第8空后的“It's a most special chair”可知，祖父手里好像搬着一把椅子。carry意为“提，搬”，符合语境，故选D项。fetch “去取回”；grasp “抓住；抓紧；理解”；raise “举起”。fetch, bring, take, carry的区别是：fetch强调一去一回；bring强调带来；take强调带走；carry强调携带。
8．A.although B．meanwhile
C．though D．thus
答案：C 根据设空前的“something in his hands”以及“could see nothing”可知，前后为转折关系且设空处位于句尾，though “然而”符合题意，故选C项。
9．A.unbelievable B．invisible
C．tiny D．broken
答案：B 根据上文中的“Mark could see nothing there”可知，这把特殊的椅子是看不见的(invisible)。故选B项。
10．A.succeed B．happen
C．intend D．manage
答案：D 根据上文可知，这把椅子是看不见的，因此此处指设法坐上这把椅子。第14空前的“Mark tried to sit on it”也是提示。manage to do sth. “设法做成某事”符合语境。故选D项。
11．A.express B．tell
C．explain D．prove
答案：B 马克与祖父打赌是为了弄清楚他真正的朋友有哪些，所以这个测试是为了辨别出真朋友。tell “辨别，区分”，故选B项。
12．A.anxious B．proud
C．determined D．kind
答案：C 根据空格前的“brave”和空格后的“took the chair and set off for school”可知，他带着椅子去了学校。由此可推测他很坚定。故选C项。
13．A.form B．design
C．create D．invent
答案：A 根据空格后的“he put himself in the middle with his chair”可知他让自己和椅子位于中间，让大家围成一个圈。form “形成”，符合语境，故选A项。
14．A.stomach B．shoulder
C．face D．back
答案：D 马克是要坐在那把椅子上而事实上椅子并不存在，所以他肯定会仰面跌倒即背部落地，故选D项。
15．A.seized B．controlled
C．took D．missed
答案：D 根据空格后的“causing more surprised looks and a few catcalls”可知，他又没能坐在椅子上。miss “错过”，符合语境，故选D项。
16．A.impressive B．hard
C．magic D．stable
答案：C 根据第三段中的“you will activate its magic”可知马克认为这把椅子是有魔力的(magic)，故选C项。
17．A.to B．of
C．as D．for
答案：C 其他很多马克认为是朋友的人仅仅只是取笑他。view ... as ... 为固定搭配，意为“把……视为……”，相当于consider/regard/see/think of/refer to ... as ...，根据语境选C项。
18．A.supposed B．realized
C．wondered D．admitted
答案：B 根据句意可知，马克在测试结束后意识到了什么样的朋友是真正的朋友。realize “意识到”，符合语境，故选B项。
19．A.cared about B．relied on
C．concentrated on D．lived up to
答案：A 根据空格后的“not just the companions that happened to be passing by”可知，马克意识到真正的朋友不是正好碰巧经过的同伴，而是关心在乎自己的人。care about “关心”；rely on “依靠”；concentrate on “聚焦于”；live up to “不辜负”，故选A项。
20．A.delight B．misfortunes
C．bravery D．victory
答案：B 上文提到马克意识到真正的朋友是关心在乎自己的人，因此那些以他的不幸为乐的人算不上朋友。misfortune “不幸”，故选B项。
体裁类(三)——说明文
Passage 1
Between the innocence of babyhood and the seriousness of manhood we find a delightful creature called a “boy”. Boys come in different sizes, weights, and colors, but all boys have the same belief: to __1__ every second of every minute of every hour of every day and to __2__ the air with noise until the adult males __3__ them off to bed at night.
Boys are found everywhere—__4__， under, inside of, climbing on, swinging from, __5__ around, or jumping to. Mothers make a pet of them, little girls __6__ them, older sisters and brothers love them. A boy is __7__ with dirt on its face, beauty with a __8__ on its finger, and the hope of the __9__ with a snake in its pocket.
When you are busy, a boy is a __10__. When you want him to make a good impression, his brain turns to jelly or else he becomes a __11__ creature bent on destroying the world and himself with it.
A boy is a __12__. He has the stomach of a horse, the energy of an atomic bomb, the __13__ of a sweet girl, the __14__ nature of a bull, but when you ask him to make something, he becomes slow, foolish and clumsy.
He __15__ ice cream, knives, comic books, woods, water (in its __16__ habitat), large animals, and Saturday mornings. He is not __17__ schools, books without pictures, Sunday music lessons, neckties, overcoats, adults, or bedtime.
Nobody __18__ is so early to rise, or so late to supper, or gets so much fun out of trees, dogs, and breezes, or can put into one pocket—a rusty knife, a half __19__ apple, a three-foot rope, six cents and some unknown things.
A boy is a __20__ creature—he is your headache but when you come home at night with only shattered pieces of your hopes and dreams, he can mend them like new with two magic words, “Hi, Dad！”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章用幽默、生动的笔调阐释男孩子活跃、勇敢和可爱的形象和性格。
1．A.spend B．enjoy
C．spare D．share
答案：B 男孩都有同样的信念——那就是：享受(enjoy)每一天的每时每分每秒。
2．A.cover B．spread
C．pollute D．fill
答案：D 男孩让空气中充斥(fill)着噪音，直到夜里大人把他们打发去睡觉。
3．A.pack B．drive
C．take D．see
答案：A pack sb. off意为“把某人打发走”；take sb. off意为“模仿某人”；see sb. off意为“给某人送行”；drive sb. off意为“把某人赶走”。只有A项符合文意。
4．A.up and down B．on top of
C．back and forth D．away to
答案：B 与下文under(在……下面)对照选出on top of(在……上面)。up and down意为“上上下下；来来回回”；back and forth意为“来回地”。
5．A.running B．shouting
C．coming D．wandering
答案：A 由后文jumping对应选出running。wander意为“漫游”。
6．A.avoid B．follow
C．hate D．ignore
答案：C 由下文“大姐姐大哥哥爱(love)着他们”对比选出hate(讨厌)。
7．A.anger B．end
C．trouble D．truth
答案：D 此处意为“男孩子就这样……”。
8．A.ring B．cut
C．flower D．wound
答案：B 手指上伤痕累累，却又充满阳刚之美。cut意为“伤口”；ring意为“戒指”；wound意为“刀伤，枪伤”。
9．A.job B．chance
C．choice D．future
答案：D 憧憬着将来口袋里装着一条蛇。
10．A.burden B．helper
C．troublemaker D．king
答案：C 当你忙碌时，男孩会给你添乱，即是一个麻烦制造者(troublemaker)。
11．A.lovely B．quiet
C．terrible D．wild
答案：D 他变得很野蛮(wild)，一心想把整个世界和他自己都破坏。
12．A.hero B．monitor
C．mixture D．super
答案：C 由下文提到的男孩具有多重角色的特点可知，此处用混合物(mixture)合适。
13．A.fear B．shyness
C．kindness D．cuteness
答案：B 男孩有甜美女孩一样的害羞(shyness)。
14．A.cruel B．frightful
C．brave D．strong
答案：C 男孩犹如公牛般勇敢(brave)。
15．A.likes B．prefers
C．dislikes D．chooses
答案：A 男孩的天性就是喜欢(likes)冰激凌、小刀、连环画册、木头、水(处于自然环境中的)、大型动物和星期六的早晨。
16．A.natural B．cool
C．fast D．gentle
答案：A natural habitat “自然环境”。
17．A.active in B．much for
C．good at D．interested in
答案：B 他不大喜欢(be not much for)学校、没有插图的书、周日的音乐课、打领带、大衣、大人或睡觉时间。
18．A.yet B．ever
C．even D．else
答案：D 另外没有什么人(nobody else)会像男孩这样起得早，吃晚饭这么晚，没有什么人会像男孩这样从爬树、逗狗、享受微风中获得如此多的乐趣。
19．A.left B．smelly
C．eaten D．finished
答案：C 没有什么人会像男孩一样把生锈的小刀，吃(eaten)剩下的半个苹果，三英尺长的绳子，六分钱和一些不知名的东西都放在一个口袋里。
20．A.magical B．naughty
C．troublesome D．pretty
答案：A 男孩真是一种神奇的(magical)生物——他令你头疼。但是，当你晚上带着破碎的希望和梦想回到家中时，他会用两个神奇的字把它们修复一新，“嗨，爸！”
Passage 2
(2019·河北武邑中学上学期高三第四次调研)How do you know if your home is an easy target for burglars (窃贼)? Around the holidays, many families don't consider taking proper __1__ to prevent their homes from suffering holiday thefts. With just a few simple __2__， you can better make sure of the __3__ of your home during all of the holiday celebrations. Here are a few tips for making it difficult to __4__ you are away from home.
Either have a trusted neighbor __5__ your mail and newspapers, or tell your mailman to hold your mail until you __6__. Make sure __7__ says “Hey, we're not home！” like when your post-box is filled with all kinds of mail and you have many different newspapers in your driveway.
__8__ several different lights in your house on random timers. Do not leave your __9__ lights on all the time. __10__， put your outside lights on timers to be on only during the __11__. If an outdoor light __12__ on for days at a time, it means that nobody is home to turn it off.
If you have pets that you are not taking with you on vacation, __13__ them with a friend, __14__ having someone coming into your house every day to take care of them. When burglars see a neighbor or friend __15__ your house every day, they will know you are not home.
Close all your __16__ when you leave town. This is effective to __17__ possible burglars, as no one can see what is in your house. If they don't know what there is to take, then the __18__ is even greater for them to break in.
This article just has suggested a few tips to help you keep your house safe while you are on __19__. Nothing can truly protect your home unless you have it __20__ by a professional home security system.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在假日期间预防窃贼入室的几个简单方法。
1．A.qualifications B．measures
C．issues D．patterns
答案：B qualifications “资格”；measures “措施”；issue “问题”；pattern “式样”。根据本空后的“to prevent their homes from suffering holiday thefts”可知，假日期间，很多家庭没有采取正确的措施防止窃贼，故measures切题。
2．A.steps B．paces
C．words D．manners
答案：A step “步骤”；pace “步调”；words “话语”；manners “礼貌”。根据本空后的“you can better make sure of the ... ”可知，只需一些简单的步骤，你就可以在假日庆祝期间保证家里的安全，故steps切题。
3．A.safety B．tidiness
C．attraction D．structure
答案：A safety “安全性”；tidiness “整洁”；attraction “吸引”；structure “结构”。文章介绍的就是假日期间如何保证家里的安全，故safety切题。
4．A.say B．tell
C．speak D．predict
答案：B say “说”；tell “辨别，区别”；speak “发言”；predict “预言”。根据本空后的“you are away from home”可知，要让窃贼很难识别你不在家，故tell切题。
5．A.pull up B．take up
C．pick up D．bring up
答案：C pull up “停车”；take up “占据”；pick up “捡起”；bring up “抚养”。根据本空后的“your mail and newspapers”可知，让可靠的邻居帮你收报纸和邮件，故pick up切题。
6．A.exist B．escape
C．disappear D．return
答案：D 此处指告诉邮递员在你回来之前帮你保管邮件和报纸，故return切题。
7．A.everything B．something
C．anything D．nothing
答案：D 根据本空后的“Hey, we're not home！”可知，确保没有什么表明你不在家，故nothing切题。
8．A.Choose B．Give
C．Set D．Make
答案：C 根据本空后的“several different lights in your house on random timers”可知，在家里随机设置几盏不同的灯，故Set切题。
9．A.outdoor B．indoor
C．inside D．kitchen
答案：A 根据第10空后的“put your outside lights”可知，此处指不要让户外的灯一直亮着，故outdoor切题。
10．A.Therefore B．However
C．Instead D．Again
答案：C 相反，只是让户外的灯在晚上亮着，故Instead切题。
11．A.days B．weekends
C．weekdays D．nights
答案：D 根据常识可知，晚上开灯，故nights切题。
12．A.repeats B．remains
C．lasts D．happens
答案：B 如果户外的灯一连几天仍然亮着，这就意味着家里没有人，故remain切题。
13．A.find B．turn
C．leave D．hold
答案：C 根据本空前的“If you have pets that you are not taking with you on vacation”可知，如果不打算带宠物度假，可以把它们留给朋友，故leave切题。
14．A.other than B．rather than
C．or rather D．or else
答案：B other than “除了”；rather than “而不是”；or rather “准确地说”；or else “否则”。把宠物给朋友，而不是让人每天来你家照顾它们，故rather than切题。
15．A.cleaning B．protecting
C．evaluating D．entering
答案：D 当窃贼看见邻居或朋友天天来你家，窃贼就会知道你不在家，故entering切题。
16．A.windows B．doors
C．curtains D．eyes
答案：C 根据下文的“as no one can see what is in your house”可知，拉下所有的窗帘，这样就没人会看见你家里有什么，故curtains切题。
17．A.improve B．discourage
C．inspire D．frighten
答案：B 拉下窗帘对阻止窃贼很有效，因为他不能看见你家里有什么，故discourage “使气馁；阻止”切题。
18．A.chance B．desire
C．reward D．risk
答案：D 根据本空前的“If they don't know what there is to take”可知，如果不清楚有什么可偷的，入室行窃的风险就更大，故risk切题。
19．A.holiday B．board
C．duty D．trip
答案：A 根据上文中的“Around the holidays”可知，本文介绍的是在度假期间保证房子安全的方法，故holiday切题。
20．A.monitored B．guided
C．strengthened D．collected
答案：A 没有什么比专业家庭安保系统的监控更安全了，故monitored切题。
Passage 3
(原创题)Working in an office comes with its share of ups and downs. On the positive side, we get to work with a variety of people who can __1__ our creativity and keep us motivated. The downside to that space-sharing, of course, is that not all of us are on the same __2__ schedule. The weird-looking helmet might just help you __3__ the noise of your office-mates when you need to __4__ yourself from the noise for a while.
The design comes from the __5__ minds at Hochu Rayu, who call it the Helmfon. The designers __6__ this bubble-headed helmet as a portable fiberglass and polyethylene foam (聚乙烯泡沫) privacy booth. Inside, not only is the noise from your __7__ reduced; the interior headphones can also __8__ your favorite music or relaxing sounds.
In fact, there's even enough __9__ on the inside to keep your smartphone nearby for __10__ important conversations or watching videos in __11__. Thanks to an integrated system board, there's even the __12__ of adding custom functions to the helmet in the future.
The designers even imagine the __13__ coming in a variety of colors and __14__ designs. You'd have to work in a very special kind of environment to feel __15__ wearing a giant head to escape your coworkers' __16__ all day.
As __17__ as this idea is for a workplace productivity tool, it could __18__ be adapted to help those with sensory issues __19__ and thrive in their environments. Shutting out audio and visual stimulation can help the person with sensory processing issues “reset” his or her brain and __20__ calmer and ready to return to their day.
1．A.ruin B．prove
C．share D．fuel
答案：D 结合下文的“keep us motivated (使我们处于被激励的状态)”，说明在办公室和其他人们一起工作，会激发我们的创造性。fuel “激发，给……加燃料”。故选D。
2．A.mental B．physical
C．spiritual D．psychological
答案：A 此处意为这种空间共享的缺点是人们思想(mental)的时间表不一定是同步的。
3．A.bear B．resist
C．escape D．absorb
答案：C 结合下文的“to escape your coworkers' __16__ all day”可知，这里表示戴着这个头盔，就可以躲避(escape)办公室人们的噪音。
4．A.prevent B．remove
C．protect D．enjoy
答案：B 上文表示戴上头盔就可以逃离办公室的噪音，此处指将自己从噪音中搬离出来，故用remove ... from ... “从……中移开”。与上文的escape相呼应。
5．A.creative B．curious
C．dynamic D．active
答案：A 带上头盔就可以躲避噪音说明这一设计挺有创意的。结合空格前面的“The design comes from” 和后面的“minds at Hochu Rayu”可知，这个发明是来自于一个具有创造力(creative)的人。
6．A.sell B．present
C．treat D．imagine
答案：D 根据最后一段中的idea可知，这仅仅是一个发明的想法，还没有成为真正的发明物，因此属于设计人员自己的想象(imagine)。第13空前的imagine也有所提示。
7．A.mind B．company
C．surroundings D．neighborhood
答案：C 根据第一段第一句“Working in an office comes with its share of ups and downs.”可知，描述的是办公室的情况，因此噪音来自于你周围的环境(surroundings)。
8．A.store B．provide
C．analyze D．compose
答案：B 根据空格前面的“the interior headphones”和后面的“your favorite music or relaxing sounds”可知，这个头盔内部可以给你提供(provide)喜欢的音乐等。
9．A.space B．situation
C．area D．place
答案：A 根据下文的“keep your smartphone nearby”可知，头盔的内部有足够的空间来放一部手机。指空间一般用space一词，故选A。
10．A.sending B．discussing
C．recording D．conducting
答案：D 根据空格后面的“important conversations”可知，戴上这个头盔，可以用一部手机进行交谈。conduct conversation“进行交谈”。
11．A.peace B．silence
C．time D．surprise
答案：A 与上文的“__3__ the noise of your officemates”呼应，戴上这个头盔后，人们可以安静地(in peace)看视频。
12．A.guidance B．possibility
C．reward D．technology
答案：B 根据下文的“adding custom functions to the helmet in the future”中的in the future可知，未来有在头盔内添加定制功能的可能性(possibility)。
13．A.office B．equipment
C．helmet D．headphone
答案：C 上文已经反复地提到了helmet，此处表示设想盔甲的颜色和设计。
14．A.professional B．complex
C．funny D．special
答案：D 与上文的“in a variety of colors”呼应，此处指制作一些特殊(special)设计的头盔。
15．A.comfortable B．energetic
C．attractive D．cautious
答案：A 根据下文的“wearing a giant head to escape your coworkers' __16__ all day”可知，戴上头盔后，你会感到舒适(comfortable)。
16．A.trouble B．complaint
C．doubt D．noise
答案：D 上文已经反复地提到了noise，此处表示躲避办公室内其他人们的噪音。
17．A.foolish B．ridiculous
C．cool D．wild
答案：C 结合下文的“for a workplace productivity tool (提高生产效率的工具)”可知，这是一个很酷的(cool)想法。
18．A.easily B．slowly
C．clumsily D．impossibly
答案：A 根据下文的“be adapted to help those with sensory issues __19__ and thrive in their environments”可知，这个头盔能够轻松地(easily)作出调整，帮助那些感觉有问题的人们适应周围的环境。
19．A.give in B．break down
C．adapt to D．set aside
答案：C 根据下文的“and thrive in their environments”可知，帮助有这些困扰的人们适应周围的环境。adapt to “适应”。
20．A.madder B．calmer
C．stiller D．angrier
答案：B 根据前面的“‘reset’ his or her brain”和后面的“calmer and ready to return to their day”可知，戴上这个头盔后，可以帮助你变得更加平静(calmer)，更加有精力重新工作。
体裁类(四)——议论文
Passage 1
(2019·广州高三年级调研测试)
Why study history?
People live in the present. They plan for the __1__. History, however, is the study of the past. Given all the __2__ and pressures that come from living in the present and __3__ what is yet to come, why bother with what has happened? Given all the available branches of knowledge, why insist—as most __4__ systems do—on history? And why urge many students to study even more history than they are __5__ to?
Any subject of study needs __6__： supporters must explain why it is worth __7__. Like most widely accepted __8__， history attracts people who simply __9__ the information and modes of thought involved. But for people who are less interested in the subject and more __10__ about why they should bother with it, a clearer explanation of its purpose is required.
__11__ do not perform heart transplants, improve highway design, or arrest criminals. In a society that quite correctly expects education to serve __12__ purposes, history's functions can seem more difficult to __13__ than those of engineering or medicine. History is in fact very useful, actually __14__， but the products of historical study are often less __15__ and immediate than those of other subjects.
History helps us understand people, societies and how they __16__. For example, how can we __17__ past wars and future threats without using historical materials? Unfortunately, major aspects of the society's operation cannot be set up as precise experiments. __18__， history must serve, however imperfectly, as our __19__， helping us understand who we are and why we do what we do. This, fundamentally, is why we cannot __20__ history.
1．A.process B．result
C．future D．environment
答案：C 根据该句中的“plan for”，并结合常识可知，人们为未来做计划。
2．A.causes B．demands
C．choices D．orders
答案：B 空处与名词“pressures”对应，表示“来自活在当下的需求和压力”。
3．A.avoiding B．fearing
C．celebrating D．anticipating
答案：D 结合语境可知，此处是说对未来的预期。
4．A.financial B．social
C．educational D．political
答案：C 根据下文中的我们总是敦促学生学习更多历史知识；结合该句可知，教育体系坚持教授历史。
5．A.required B．invited
C．forced D．permitted
答案：A 此处表示为什么要敦促许多学生学习比他们被要求学习的还要多的历史呢？
6．A.direction B．exploration
C．justification D．revolution
答案：C 结合常识可知，任何学科的研究都需要正当的理由。justification “正当的理由，可接受的理由”。
7．A.assessment B．attention
C．expectation D．mention
答案：B 此处表示支持者必须解释其值得关注的原因。
8．A.subjects B．concepts
C．topics D．concerns
答案：A 根据该段第一句中的“subject”，并结合语境可知，该处指“大多数被普遍接受的学科”。
9．A.provide B．receive
C．share D．like
答案：D 结合语境可知，历史吸引了喜欢这些信息以及相关的思维方式的人。
10．A.doubtful B．worried
C．thoughtful D．certain
答案：A 根据该句中的“why they should bother with it”可知，此处表示对为什么要花费时间学历史有疑问。
11．A.Supporters B．Historians
C．Audiences D．Teachers
答案：B 结合语境可知，该处说明历史学家的特点，并引出对上述问题的解释。
12．A.public B．multiple
C．different D．useful
答案：D 结合该段尾句中的“History is in fact very useful”和常识可知，此处表示一个期望教育有实际作用的社会。
13．A.define B．expect
C．satisfy D．ignore
答案：A 历史学科的功能似乎比工程或医学学科的功能更难界定。define “确定，说明，界定”。
14．A.optional B．attractive
C．accessible D．essential
答案：D 空处和“very useful”对应，说明历史事实上是非常有用的，实际上是非常重要的。essential adj. “极其重要的；必不可少的”。
15．A.valuable B．interesting
C．instructive D．accurate
答案：C 历史研究的成果往往不如其他学科的成果更有指导意义和即时的效果。interesting adj. “有教育意义的；有启发性的”。
16．A.imagine B．behave
C．fight D．fade
答案：B 根据下文所举的例子，并结合该句可知，历史帮助我们了解人、社会以及他们是如何表现的。
17．A.prevent B．remember
C．evaluate D．declare
答案：C 如果不使用历史资料，我们如何评估过去的战争和未来的威胁呢？
18．A.Consequently B．Alternatively
C．Fortunately D．Admittedly
答案：A 根据上文可知，不幸的是，社会运作的主要方面不能被设置为精确的实验。因此，历史可以充当实验室的角色。consequently “因此，所以”。
19．A.library B．laboratory
C．clinic D．museum
答案：B 根据前文中的“experiments”可知，历史可以起到实验室的作用，帮助分析研究。
20．A.make up for B．give in to
C．get close to D．stay away from
答案：D 根据上文可知，历史帮助我们了解我们是谁和我们为什么要做我们所做的事情。据此可知，此处是说我们不能远离历史。
Passage 2
When your child is supposed to be doing homework, are they chatting with their friends on Facebook or playing games? Many studies have shown that multitasking doesn't __1__， even though your child is probably __2__ claiming they can do ten things __3__！ Many people believe that they can __4__ two or more tasks at the same time, but Dr Edward Hallowell says this is __5__. The reality is that multitasking __6__ poor job performance.
New hand-held __7__ such as smartphones, iPads, games and social networking sites make it very easy to multitask and __8__ attention leading to difficulty focusing on the task __9__， such as listening in the classroom or doing homework. “__10__， the brain actually __11__ kids for multitasking even though your child's performance on every task gets worse and worse. Kids don't know that they are doing __12__ because they feel better when they multitask，” says Dr Edward Hallowell.
__13__ the appearance of hand-held devices and social networking sites, teachers have noticed a difference in __14__ performance, critical thinking skills and how information is __15__. “Multitasking prevents people from gaining a deep understanding of the information they are trying to learn，” says Dr Edward Hallowell. Kids have a difficult time sticking with a “difficult to understand” topic and __16__ to allow themselves to be distracted (注意力分散的), to tune out and switch __17__ to Facebook or using their cell phones __18__ working harder at understanding a difficult subject or problem. In the long __19__， multitasking affects grades. One study shows that kids that use the Internet while in class do __20__ on tests, resulting in lower grades.
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。作者通过身边的例子阐释一个观点：孩子们在同一时间做多项任务，对学业会造成负面影响。
1．A.play B．understand
C．use D．work
答案：D 根据下文中的“The reality is that multitasking __6__ poor job performance.”可推知，一次做很多事情并没有什么效果。work “有效，起作用”。
2．A.casually B．proudly
C．shyly D．secretly
答案：B 因为前文提到同一时间做多项任务并没有什么效果，所以这里应为“你”的孩子宣称他能做到，因此他感到骄傲和自豪。
3．A.at once B．right away
C．in no time D．at random
答案：A 根据语境可知，孩子们会声称能同时做十件事情。at once “立刻；同时”。
4．A.advocate B．deal
C．perform D．prefer
答案：C 根据语境可知，许多人相信他们可以同时做两件或是更多事情。perform “做，执行，履行”。
5．A.impossible B．important
C．impatient D．impolite
答案：A 根据下文中的“poor job performance”可知，Dr Edward Hallowell认为同时做多个任务是不可能的。故A项正确。
6．A.results in B．results from
C．exists in D．exists from
答案：A 根据语境尤其是“poor job performance”可知，同时做多项任务的结果很不好。result in “导致，造成”。
7．A.designs B．discoveries
C．equipment D．evidence
答案：C 根据设空后的“smartphones, iPads”可知，此处表示新的便携式装备，故C项正确。下文13空后的“hand-held devices”也是信息提示。
8．A.attract B．draw
C．pay D．share
答案：D 根据下文中的“leading to difficulty focusing on the task”可推知，多任务容易分散注意力。share “共享，共用”。注意力分散也就是注意力分享。
9．A.at hand B．on time
C．on schedule D．at times
答案：A 根据设空后的“such as listening in the classroom or doing homework”可知，这些都是手头要做的事。at hand “在手边”。
10．A.Uncertainly B．Unfortunately
C．Universally D．Undoubtedly
答案：B 根据第一段最后两句可知，Dr Edward Hallowell并不赞成多任务行为，因此当大脑对这种行为给予肯定或鼓励时，他认为是不幸的。
11．A.remains B．rewards
C．regards D．reflects
答案：B 根据设空后的“even though”可知，空处与“worse and worse”形成对比，由此可推知大脑反而鼓励这种多任务行为。reward “奖赏，报答”。
12．A.better B．well
C．bad D．worse
答案：D 根据上文中的“gets worse and worse”和空后的“because they feel better when they multitask”可知，孩子们并不知道自己变得更糟糕。
13．A.Since B．Before
C．When D．While
答案：A 结合本句中主句部分现在完成时的运用可知，此处应用连词since “自从……之后”引导状语从句。
14．A.accidental B．accurate
C．accessible D．academic
答案：D 根据上文的“teachers”可推知，老师们注意到学生们在学业上的差异。academic “学业的”。
15．A.produced B．processed
C．possessed D．promoted
答案：B 根据下文中的“Multitasking prevents people from gaining a deep understanding of the information they are trying to learn”可知，这些便携式工具的出现改变了学生处理信息的方式。process “处理”。
16．A.tend B．attend
C．intend D．pretend
答案：A 根据设空前的“Kids have a difficult time sticking with a ‘difficult to understand’ topic”可知，孩子们很难坚持一个理解起来有困难的话题，他们的注意力往往会分散。tend to do sth. “倾向于做某事”。
17．A.out B．on
C．off D．over
答案：D 根据语境可知，既然注意力分散了，孩子们就有可能转而关注学习之外的东西。switch over to “转向”。
18．A.except for B．rather than
C．more than D．apart from
答案：B 根据语境可知，孩子们去玩手机或Facebook，而不是更努力地学习。rather than “而不是”。
19．A.run B．walk
C．journey D．distance
答案：A in the long run为固定短语，意为“从长远来看”，符合语境。
20．A.hardly B．successfully
C．poorly D．mildly
答案：C 根据设空后的“resulting in lower grades”可知，在课堂上上网的孩子考试成绩差。
Passage 3
(2019·厦门外国语学校高三月考)Goal setting seems to be a hot topic, yet it's easy to know about but difficult to practice.
People set goals, work hard at them for even a few months, and then __1__ them. Next year, they set the __2__ goals. But why do so many people do it? They may be making goals too __3__. But that isn't to say that they aren't __4__ goals. They need to be broken apart into smaller and __5__ pieces. Make spoon-size goals and you'll accomplish them __6__.
Many people are probably unwilling to __7__ you to reach your goals. They're __8__ with you when you have your own goals. They may even be enthusiastic about your __9__ to change something or accomplish something new. __10__， as you change and accomplish, they may not like it. Why? It's usually because your changes and accomplishments __11__ them that they could be doing it, too ... __12__ they aren't!
You may have filled your __13__ with so many things that there's little __14__ for your goals to grow. We must be careful not to confuse busyness with __15__， as goals are always achieved step by step. Be __16__ about how you use your time and what you focus on. Success often comes when you know what to __17__， rather than what to include in your life.
Goal setting is like the pig and chicken walking out early one morning. The chicken became really __18__ when she saw a sign: “Ham & Eggs, $2.99”. She said to the pig, “Look, we've got double billing again.” The pig said, “That's __19__ for you to say! For you, it's all in a day's work. For me, it's total commitment.” Goal setting is all in a day's work. Goal __20__ is total commitment.
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。人们设定目标，并且为之努力几个月，然后就忘记了。文章主要讨论了为什么我们反复制定目标却难以实现，因为制定目标一天就能完成，但是目标的实现却需要完全的投入。
1．A.withdraw B．forget
C．change D．store
答案：B 人们设定目标，并且为之努力几个月，然后就忘记(forget)了。故选B。
2．A.opposite B．common
C．same D．valid
答案：C 第二年他们又(重新)设定同样的(same)目标。故选C。
3．A.global B．precise
C．vague D．realistic
答案：A 根据下文中的“They need to be broken apart into smaller and __5__ pieces.”可知，他们的目标太宽泛。global “全面的”。故选A。
4．A.simple B．achievable
C．reliable D．clear
答案：B 但是并不是说这些目标不可实现。achievable “可实现的”。故选B。
5．A.equal B．unusual
C．regular D．specific
答案：D 根据语境可知，这些目标要细微具体。specific “具体的”。故选D。
6．A.slowly B．accurately
C．easily D．instantly
答案：C 制订细微具体的目标，这样你会很容易地(easily)实现它们。故选C。
7．A.support B．lead
C．force D．follow
答案：A 根据空格前的“unwilling”和下文中的“they may not like it”可知，很多人可能不愿意支持(support)你实现目标。故选A。
8．A.comfortable B．familiar
C．careful D．patient
答案：A 根据下文中的“even be enthusiastic”可知，你有自己的目标时他们是自在的(comfortable)。故选A。
9．A.means B．desire
C．skill D．energy
答案：B 对于你想改变一些事情或者实现一些新的事情的愿望(desire)他们甚至是非常热情的。故选B。
10．A.Therefore B．Besides
C．Otherwise D．However
答案：D 根据语境可知，本处与上文形成转折关系：然而(However)，当你改变并实现目标时，他们就不喜欢了。故选D。
11．A.inform B．convince
C．remind D．warn
答案：C 这通常是因为你的变化和成就提醒(remind)他们——他们也能做这些，但是他们却没做。故选C。
12．A.and B．but
C．or D．for
答案：B 此处表示“但是(but)他们却没做”。故选B。
13．A.notebook B．file
C．schedule D．case
答案：C 根据下文中的“how you use your time”可知，你的日程表(schedule)中可能有许多的事情以至于你的目标没有成长的空间。故选C。
14．A.doubt B．hope
C．dimension D．room
答案：D 此处表示你的目标没有成长的空间(room)。故选D。
15．A.progress B．process
C．practice D．promotion
答案：A 根据语境可知，此处表示我们必须要小心，不要把忙碌和进步(progress)混淆。故选A。
16．A.selective B．curious
C．skeptical D．optimistic
答案：A 根据空格后的“how you use your time and what you focus on”可知，本处指的是做出选择。selective “有选择性的”。故选A。
17．A.figure out B．leave out
C．take out D．send out
答案：B figure out “明白，理解”；leave out “遗漏，省去”；take out “取出”；send out “发送，派遣”。根据空格后的“rather than what to include in your life”可知，当你知道生活中什么该省去(leave out)而不是什么该包含在内的时候，成功就会属于你。故选B。
18．A.confused B．upset
C．excited D．worried
答案：C 根据下文中的“Look, we've got double billing again.”可知，鸡看到标牌后变得很激动(excited)。故选C。
19．A.strange B．pitiful
C．necessary D．natural
答案：D 根据语境可知，猪对鸡说，你那么说是很自然的(natural)，因为那就是你一天的工作。故选D。
20．A.development B．achievement
C．management D．assessment
答案：B 根据语境可知，制定目标一天就能完成，但是目标的实现(achievement)却需要完全的投入。故选B。
话题类(一)——人物故事
Passage 1
(2018·北京高考)
The Homeless Hero
For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with ￡400 in cash would be a source (来源) of temptation (诱惑). But the __1__ would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith __2__ more remarkable.
After spotting a __3__ on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the __4__ to return.
After hours in the cold and wet, he __5__ inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact (联系) the driver, only to __6__ it contained ￡400 in notes, with another ￡50 in spare change beside it.
He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after __7__ a note behind to let the owner know it was safe. When the car's owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car—which was itself worth ￡35,000—in Glasgow city centre, they were __8__ to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr Smith did and that the wallet was __9__.
The pair were later able to thank Mr Smith for his __10__.
Mr Anderson said: “I couldn't believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight __11__ he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has nothing and __12__ he didn't take the wallet for himself; he thought about others __13__. It's unbelievable. It just proves there are __14__ guys out there.”
Mr Smith's act __15__ much of the public's attention. He also won praise from social media users after Mr Anderson __16__ about the act of kindness on Facebook.
Now Mr Anderson has set up an online campaign to __17__ money for Mr Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received ￡8,000. “I think the faith that everyone has shown __18__ him has touched him. People have been approaching him in the street; he's had job __19__ and all sorts，” Mr Anderson commented.
For Mr Smith, this is a possible life-changing __20__. The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another.
篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。尽管Smith先生一无所有，但当他发现开着窗的车里的钱包后并没有把它据为己有，而是交给了警察，保证了钱包的安全，直到交给其主人。从而赢得了人们的信任，得到了大家的帮助。文章旨在启迪人们：善有善报。
1．A.hope B．aim
C．urge D．effort
答案：C 根据空格前一句中的“finding an unattended wallet filled with ￡400 in cash would be a source (来源) of temptation (诱惑)”以及本句中的“if you were living on the streets with little food and money”可知，如果你流落街头，没有食物和钱，这种强烈的欲望毫无疑问会更大。根据语境可知，空格处指把钱包据为己有的强烈欲望。urge意为“强烈的欲望”，符合语境。故选C。
2．A.still B．even
C．ever D．once
答案：B 此处应用副词even修饰形容词比较级“more remarkable”，表示“甚至更为不同寻常”。故选B。
3．A.wallet B．bag
C．box D．parcel
答案：A 根据第一段第一句中的“finding an unattended wallet”以及第三段中的“pulled the wallet out”可知，此处指发现一个钱包。故选A。
4．A.partner B．colleague
C．owner D．policeman
答案：C 根据语境可知，Tom在等待钱包的主人返回。故选C。
5．A.turned B．hid
C．stepped D．reached
答案：D 根据上一段可知，Tom发现一辆停着的车，车窗玻璃未关，前排坐椅上有一个钱包，所以此处指他把手伸进开着的车窗里，把钱包拿出来，希望能找到钱包主人的身份证。reach inside “把手伸进……里面”。故选D。
6．A.discover B．collect
C．check D．believe
答案：A 根据语境可知，他把钱包拿出来，结果发现课件631张PPT。专题五 | 完形填空本课结束
