专题三 完形填空
策略综述
第一步 通读全文，细读首句
对于完形填空，很多考生存在一个解题误区，即上来就做题。事实上，在不理解文章大意的前提下去做题，其结果会是不断修正，既浪费了时间又不能保证正确率。因此，考生首先要通读全文去掌握大意，而多数情况下细读首句又是了解主旨最有效的方式。
第二步 边读边填，先易后难
完形填空中有一半的题目都是基础送分题，也就是我们上面提到的句内层次题。这些题目完全可以根据掌握的文章大意和内容梗概，再结合一些基础语法常识或凭借语感顺势得出答案。随着空缺越来越少，文意会越来越凸显，此时我们便可结合群信息，去解答句组层次题。
第三步 复核验证，敲定答案
完形填空中总有两三道较难的题目，这类题目的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或某几段甚至是全篇中，这就是我们说的语篇层次题。此类试题要求考生理解全篇、理清脉络，明确作者的写作意图、思想情感，必须从全局出发去解答。因此，考生应在以上两步的基础上去复读全文，验证推敲，最终去确定所有答案。
一、利用文章首句解题
完形填空的首句往往不设空，是一个完整的句子。通过细读首句，可以判断文章体裁，预测文章大意和主旨，对解题非常关键。
[典例] (2016·北京高考)It was a cold January in 1925 in Nome, Alaska. The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.
On the 20th of that month, Dr Welch __36__ a sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly infectious (传染的) disease mainly affecting children. The children of Nome would be __37__ if it struck the town. Dr Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. __38__， the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away, in Anchorage.
36．A.examined B．warned
C．interviewed D．cured
37．A.harmless B．helpless
C．fearless D．careless
38．A.Moreover B．Therefore
C．Otherwise D．However
解析 36.A 根据下文“knew he had diphtheria”可知，医生给小男孩做了检查。故选A。
37．B 根据第一段内容可知，因为有大雪封城，很难得到药品，所以这种传染病如果在整个小镇爆发，很多小孩都会很无助。故选B。
38．D Welch大夫需要立即得到药品，而最近的药物供应地离这儿有一千多英里，前后两句话之间是转折关系，故答案为D项。moreover “此外，而且”；therefore “因此，所以”；otherwise “否则，不然”；however “然而，可是”。
二、利用习惯搭配或固定结构解题
完形填空中经常会考查一些习惯搭配或固定结构，此类试题相当容易，考生平时注意积累总结是关键。
[典例] (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)He was unconscious and as I look at his face, something __52__ to me.
A．happened B．occurred
C．applied D．appealed
解析 B something occurs to sb.为固定搭配，意为“某人突然想起某事”。故答案选B。
三、利用生活常识或文化背景解题
完形填空中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗人情等方面的知识，做题时利用这些知识，特别是注意中西方文化差异，巧妙地加以运用将会大大简化分析与判断过程，节省下宝贵的时间。
[典例] (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I'm still putting to use what he 55.taught me: “The absolute most important __56__ that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57.decisions. On every single move you have to __58__ a situation, process what your opponent (对手) is doing and 59.evaluate the best move from among all your options.”
56．A.fact B．step
C．manner D．skill
58．A.analyze B．describe
C．rebuild D．control
解析 56.D 58.A 这两道题均可利用生活常识和文化背景去解答。 根据生活常识可知，下象棋时学到最重要的应该是“技能”；下象棋时每走一步都必须“分析”局势。
四、利用平行结构解题
平行结构是指结构相同或相似、意思密切相连、语气一致的句子或词组组成一串排列的语言现象(如由and, or等连接的短语或句子)。此种结构形式整齐匀称，内容联系紧密，利用它可以提高解题效率。
[典例] (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)“People have been __53__ there and standing there and taking 54.pictures of each other，” Ro says. “The town square was totally 55.full. ... ”
A．driving B．hiding
C．camping D．sitting
解析 D and用于连接平行结构，与空后standing对应的应该是sitting。故选D。
五、利用情感态度解题
在做完形填空时，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的基础上，留意能够反映作者态度和感彩的重要词汇。因为这些词汇通常为我们做题的重要参考线索，可帮助我们快速确定某些题目的答案。
[典例] (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Freddy was an average 44.student,_but not an average person. He had the rare balance of fun and compassion (同情). He would 45.laugh the loudest over fun and be the saddest over anyone's __46__.
A．misfortune B．disbelief
C．dishonesty D．mistake
解析 A 根据空格前的saddest可知，只有不幸(misfortune)才令人伤心。故选A。
六、利用语义复现解题
语义复现不仅是同一个词，同义词、反义词、近义词都可能成为这类题目的解题关键点，但是这些词可能隐藏得比较深。上下文之间可能互相暗示答案，但有时上下文相隔较远，因此要注意寻找。
[典例] (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)But that 45.changed when a system of high-tech __46__ was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks (山峰) into the valley below. Wednesday, residents (居民) of Rjukan 47.received their very first ray of winter sunshine：A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 48.use. The mirrors are controlled by a computer that 49.directs them to turn along with the sun ...
A．computers B．telescopes
C．mirrors D．cameras
解析 C 根据下文中的“The mirrors are controlled ...”可知此处应填mirrors(镜子)。
七、利用逻辑关系解题
此种方法是通过分析空格前后文的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连词和起连词作用的短语；二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。无论是句内层次题还是句组层次题，利用逻辑关系去解答都是一种重要的方法。
[典例1] (2016·全国卷Ⅲ)We went 10∶1 and I was named most valuable player, __48__ I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller's 49.accident.
A．and B．then
C．but D．thus
解析 C 空格前一句意为“我们以10∶1赢得了比赛，并且我被评为最有价值的球员”，空格的后一句意为“我经常做疯狂的梦——在梦中我总认为自己应该为Miller的车祸负责”。显然前后句为转折关系，故选C。
[典例2] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The following term, I 56.registered for an ASL class. The professor was deaf and any talking was 57.prohibited. I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant. __58__， if there had been any talking, it would have 59.caused us to learn less. Now, I appreciate the silence and the 60.new way of communication it opens.
A．Lastly B．Thus
C．Instead D．However
解析 C 根据上下文可知，作者很快意识到无声并非是不愉快的，相反(Instead)，如果有任何的谈话，会导致他们学习得更少。前后文为对比关系，故选C。
八、利用语境暗示解题
上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度和评价、上下文的语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。无论是句内层次题还是句组层次题，我们常可通过上下文语境暗示，推导出正确答案。
[典例] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 41.bring with them lots of waste. ... tons of rubbish ... The environmental challenges are __48__ ...
A．new B．special
C．significant D．necessary
解析 C 根据上文“乞力马扎罗山有很多游客，制造了很多垃圾”可知，这里面临的环境挑战是巨大的(significant)，故选C。
第1讲 记叙文
记叙文是高考完形填空中出现频率最高的一类文体。该体裁以记人、叙事为主；多以人物思想和行为为中心；以时间或空间的变化为线索，按事件的发生、发展和结束来展开叙述；时态上多以一般过去时为主，其他时态为辅；大量使用动词；适当会有间接引语。
1．抓住文章中心。中心思想是文章的灵魂和统帅，其他的写作要素都紧紧围绕这一中心进行。抓住中心有助于明确做题方向，提高针对性。
2.明确叙述角度。通常记叙文有两大叙述角度：第一人称和第三人称。第一人称就是从“自我参与”的角度进行叙述，考生可从字里行间读出作者对人物、事件或景色的情感态度。第三人称就是从“旁观者”的角度客观地记人、叙事、状物。在做题时考生可采用“角色渗透法”，即假设自己就是文中的角色会有什么感受、做出怎样的选择等，这样有助于走进作者的思维，深入理解文章的含义。
3．理清写作顺序。根据写作的需要作者往往采用顺叙、倒叙或插叙等方法进行叙述。理清这些线索有助于了解事情发展的来龙去脉，从而更迅速、准确地理解文意。
4．明确写作要素。包括事情发生的时间(when)、地点(where)、事件的内容(what)、人物(who)、原因(why)等。弄清了这些要素也就基本上抓住了文章的主体，理解了整篇文章。
5．洞悉写作目的。同学们要知道就事论事绝不是记叙文的最终目的，而最终目的是借助叙事来阐明一个道理，给人以启迪或教益。因此，只有在分析具体情节的基础上认真体会文字背后的东西，才能洞悉作者的写作目的，抓住文章的主题。
真题导练
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)It's about 250 miles from the hills of west-central Iowa to Ehlers' home in Minnesota. During the long trip home, following a weekend of hunting, Ehlers __41__ about the small dog he had seen __42__ alongside the road. He had __43__ to coax (哄) the dog to him but, frightened, it had __44__.
Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that __45__ dog. So, four days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two drove __46__. After a long and careful __47__， Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving __48__ away. Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with __49__. It just started licking (舔) Ehlers' face.
A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one __50__ as lost in the local paper. The ad had a __51__ number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers __52__ the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had __53__ their dog.
Jeff had __54__ in Iowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog off. Jeff searched __55__ for Rosie in the next four days.
Ehlers returned to Minnesota, and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan. “It's good to know there's still someone out there who __56__ enough to go to that kind of __57__，” says Lisa of Ehlers' rescue __58__.
“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as __59__ to it as I am to my dogs，” says Ehlers. “If it had been my dog, I'd hope that somebody would be __60__ to go that extra mile.”
41．A.read B．forgot
C．thought D．heard
42．A.fighting B．trembling
C．eating D．sleeping
43．A.tried B．agreed
C．promised D．regretted
44．A.calmed down B．stood up
C．rolled over D．run off
45．A.injured B．stolen
C．lost D．rescued
46．A.home B．past
C．back D．on
47．A.preparation B．explanation
C．test D．search
48．A.cautiously B．casually
C．skillfully D．angrily
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一位男士帮助素不相识的人找回走失的狗的故事，体现了和谐的人际关系。
41．根据上文可知，回家旅途中，Ehlers碰到一只小狗。再根据下文中Ehlers和小狗的故事可知，他在回家的路上一直想着那条狗。故选C。
42．根据下文中的frightened可知，此处表示那条狗正在路边发抖。故选B。
43．结合后面的“to coax (哄) the dog to him but, frightened, it had __44__”可知，本来Ehlers试图把那条狗哄到身边来，希望帮助它，但是却没有成功。故选A。
44．虽然Ehlers想把狗哄到身边来，帮助它，但是狗却因害怕而跑掉了。故选D。
45．根据上文可知，那条狗跑掉了，因此Ehlers被那条走失的狗弄得心烦意乱。此处与第50空和第58空后的“lost”相呼应。故选C。
46．根据本段第一句可知，Ehlers回家了，但是他被那条走失的狗弄得心烦意乱，所以，四天后， 他叫上他的朋友Greg，开车回去寻找那条狗。故选C。
47．结合前面的“After a long and careful”和后面的“Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving __48__ away”可知，经过长时间的仔细搜索，Greg看见了那条狗。故选D。
48．根据第一段最后一句中的“frightened”和下文的“nervousness and fear”可知，那条狗受到惊吓，感到紧张不安和恐惧，因此当Greg看见它的时候，它正小心谨慎地移动。故选A。
49．根据空格前面的“nervousness and fear were replaced”以及后面的“It just started licking (舔) Ehlers' face.”可知，它的不安和恐惧被快乐取代。故选B。
50．结合下文“as lost in the local paper”及“the ad”可知，一位当地的农场主告诉他们这条狗好像是当地报纸上刊登(的寻狗启示的)广告上描述的走失的狗。故选B。
51．根据后面的“number for a town in southern Michigan”和“the number of Jeff and Lisa”以及生活常识可知，寻狗启事上应该有电话号码。故选B。
52．根据后面的“the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had __53__ their dog”可知，Ehlers打电话把这件事告诉Jeff和Lisa，即狗的主人。故选A。
53．根据前面的“Ehlers __52__ the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them”并结合生活常识可知，Ehlers当然是打电话告诉狗的主人，他发现了他们的狗。故选C。
49．A.surprise B．joy
C．hesitation D．anxiety
50．A.predicted B．advertised
C．believed D．recorded
51．A.house B．phone
C．street D．car
52．A.called B．copied
C．counted D．remembered
53．A.fed B．adopted
C．found D．cured
54．A.hunted B．skied
C．lived D．worked
55．A.on purpose B．on time
C．in turn D．in vain
56．A.cares B．sees
C．suffers D．learns
57．A.place B．trouble
C．waste D．extreme
58．A.service B．plan
C．effort D．team
59．A.equal B．allergic
C．grateful D．close
60．A.suitable B．proud
C．wise D．willing
54.根据后面的“in Iowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog off”可知，Jeff带着他的狗Rosie在Iowa打猎，但是枪声把狗吓跑了。故选A。
55．结合上文Ehlers发现了Rosie和本句“Jeff searched __55__ for Rosie in the next four days.”可知，Jeff找了四天，也没有找到他的狗，即徒劳无功。故选D。
56．分析本句中的“says Lisa of Ehlers' rescue”可知，这句是狗的女主人Lisa赞美Ehlers的话。她认为有人能够关心一条狗，真是一件好事。故选A。
57．结合上文Ehlers邀请朋友Greg帮助寻找那条狗，并且根据本段第一句可知，他还回到Minnesota，又开车100英里到了Minneapolis，在那里让Rosie登上了飞往Michigan的航班，这都说明他为那条狗经历了很多困难/周折。故选B。
58．根据上题解析可知，Ehlers为了Rosie做出了很多努力。故选C。
59．Ehlers认为无论是谁丢失了狗，都很可能像他对待自己的狗一样跟狗的关系很亲近。故选D。
60．分析本句可知，Ehlers认为，如果他的狗走丢了，他希望有人愿意不怕麻烦地去帮助寻找他的狗。故选D。
过关检测(限时：45分钟)
(2019·湖南师大附中高考模拟)One morning in early fall, I found a pair of wild geese on our pond. The beautiful sight caught me by __1__， because we'd never seen geese there before. I __2__ they would soon be on their way, so I enjoyed the __3__ to be close to them. I wondered where they came from and why they'd __4__ our pond.
The next morning, the geese were __5__ our guests, so I watched them at a distance to show them I meant no __6__. Still, I couldn't __7__ getting a closer look. I stopped by some trees near the water's edge and quietly looked at them through the __8__. I was surprised to see that they were __9__ me.
As the days passed, I continued to see them every－day. They craned their necks and raised their heads __10__ but seemed to realize I was a friend. Later, my __11__ about why they were staying at the pond so long changed to concern. It wouldn't be long before the __12__ winter came and the pond froze over.
One day, as they were feeding in the grass, I discovered the reason for their __13__—the male had a broken left __14__. He was unable to fly, and his mate would not leave him behind. I asked a wildlife biologist friend what I should do. He explained that sometimes a broken wing will __15__ by itself and suggested that I let nature take its course.
On the first day of November, I __16__ sight of the geese running toward the pond, beating their wings with great effort. Both __17__ climbed higher and flew over the pond. Then they turned back toward me, flying no more than 50 feet over my head as if to say goodbye. Then they were __18__.
The season's first snow fell the very next day. The birds must have __19__ that winter was coming and that it was time to go. I miss them very much now and I'll never forget their __20__ to each other. We can all learn a lesson or two from this pair.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者家旁边的池塘里来了两只大雁，原来是一只大雁受伤了，它的伴侣留下来陪它，作者被它们的精神所感动。
1．A.anger B．surprise
C．terror D．sorrow
答案：B 根据空后的“because we'd never seen geese there before”我原先从来没有看见过大雁可知，这美丽的景象令人非常惊奇。surprise “惊奇”，符合句意。
2．A.denied B．imagined
C．realized D．assumed
答案：D 结合后面的“they would soon be on their way”可知，我设想它们很快会上路，所以我享受接近它们的机会。assumed “设想”，符合句意。
3．A.opinion B．opportunity
C．feeling D．message
答案：B 此处表示我以为它们很快会上路，所以我享受接近它们的机会。opportunity “机会”，符合句意。
4．A.decided B．ordered
C．chosen D．forgotten
答案：C 结合前面的“I wondered where they came from and why”可知，我想知道它们从哪里来，并且为什么会选择我们这里的池塘。choose “选择”，符合句意。
5．A.also B．still
C．even D．seldom
答案：B 根据后面的“so I watched them at a distance”可知，第二天早晨，大雁依旧是我们的客人。still “仍然”，符合句意。
6．A.violence B．pain
C．harm D．punishment
答案：C 与前面的“so I watched them at a distance”我站在远处看着它们呼应，表明我没有伤害它们的意思。harm “伤害”，符合句意。
7．A.bear B．stop
C．risk D．resist
答案：D 根据前面的“Still”和后面的“getting a closer look”可知，随着时间的流逝，我忍不住靠近它们看一看。resist “抵抗”，can't resist doing “忍不住、禁不住”，符合句意。
8．A.windows B．forests
C．villages D．branches
答案：D 由前面的“I stopped by some trees near the water's edge”可知，我通过树枝安静地看着它们。branches “树枝”，符合句意。
9．A.laughing at B．shouting at
C．staring at D．waving at
答案：C 结合前面的“quietly looked at them”及“surprised”可知，本来我想看看它们，结果我吃惊地看到它们正盯着我看。staring at “盯住”，符合句意。
10．A.cautiously B．positively
C．skeptically D．clearly
答案：A 根据前面的“They craned their necks and raised their heads”可知，此处是在描述大雁的神态，它们伸长脖子，小心地抬起头。cautiously “慎重地”，符合句意。
11．A.worry B．hesitation
C．claim D．curiosity
答案：D 由空后的“about why they were staying at the pond so long”判断出这是一种好奇心。curiosity “好奇心”，符合句意。
12．A.short B．cruel
C．mild D．early
答案：B 由空后的“and the pond froze over”可知不会太久，严酷的冬天将会来临。cruel “严酷的”，符合句意。
13．A.love B．plan
C．journey D．visit
答案：D 与第一段中的“I found a pair of wild geese on our pond”和第二段中的“our guests”呼应，一天，它们在草地上吃东西时，我发现了它们到访的原因。visit “来访”，符合句意。
14．A.wing B．foot
C．leg D．eye
答案：A 由空后的“He was unable to fly”可知，雄雁的左翅膀坏了。wing “翅膀”，符合句意。
15．A.test B．appear
C．drop D．heal
答案：D 由空后的“and suggested that I let nature take its course”可知他解释说，有时候受伤的翅膀可以自愈。heal “愈合”，符合句意。
16．A.fixed B．caught
C．met D．remembered
答案：B 结合后面的“the geese running toward the pond, beating their wings with great effort”可知，我看到大雁绕着池塘跑。catch sight of “看到；瞥见”，是固定短语。
17．A.hopefully B．curiously
C．recently D．gradually
答案：D 根据后面的“climbed higher and flew over the pond”可知，两只大雁逐步地向上攀升，飞过池塘。gradually “逐步地”，符合句意。
18．A.out of sight B．out of question
C．out of place D．out of reach
答案：A 根据前面的“Then they turned back toward me, flying no more than 50 feet over my head as if to say goodbye.”可知，它们似乎在向我告别，然后我就看不见它们了。out of sight是固定用法，意思是“看不见”。
19．A.sensed B．planned
C．found D．smelt
答案：A 结合后面的“that winter was coming and that it was time to go”可知，鸟儿一定感觉冬天来临了。sense “感觉”，符合句意。
20．A.advice B．respect
C．devotion D．attention
答案：C 我现在非常想念它们，我永远不会忘记它们彼此间的忠诚。 devotion “热爱，忠诚”，符合句意。
(2019·长春普通高中模拟)When my husband Ian died in 2014, ten days after being diagnosed with cancer, I was completely broken up. He was just 54. We'd planned to __1__ together and live the years to the fullest.
At first, the __2__ of spending the following years of my life without him left me feeling __3__. I was in deep __4__ having lost him.But as time passed, I began to __5__ that life is so precious, and none of us can __6__ what's around the corner.
I realized I could sit at home and __7__ Ian, __8__ I could make the most of every moment of my life. Three months __9__ he died, a friend mentioned a choir run by a __10__ Tenovus Cancer Care, which was for anyone __11__ by cancer. I've __12__ loved to sing, so I agreed. That decision really has changed my __13__.
We rehearse (排练) once a week and perform __14__ to raise money.We sing inspiring songs like “You've Got a Friend” which really __15__ all of us.
Spending time with the choir, I have not only made a whole new friendship circle, but I feel so __16__， which has been fantastic for my __17__ well-being.
I __18__ money for the charity too, including travelling a long way to Machu Picchu, where I scattered (播撒) some of Ian's ashes, I know Ian would __19__ my decision to look after myself.
Living a good life, and finding ways to enjoy my retirement, is the best __20__ I can offer him.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者描述了自己在突然失去丈夫后的迷茫，以及如何走出阴霾积极面对生活的心路历程。
1．A.die B．retire
C．live D．sing
答案：B 根据上文作者提到丈夫去世时的年龄以及最后一段中的“retirement”可以推断出，之前二人曾计划过一起退休后的生活，故选B。
2．A.feeling B．thought
C．sense D．hope
答案：B 此处表述作者想到失去丈夫只能孤独一人度过余生时的心境，thought “想法”，符合语境，故选B项。
3．A.lost B．tired
C．excited D．relaxed
答案：A 孤独终老的想法令作者觉得很迷茫。lost “迷惘的，不知所措的”，符合句意。
4．A.trouble B．breath
C．shock D．regret
答案：C 从原来的美好憧憬到丈夫的突然去世让作者很受打击。shock “震惊，打击”，符合语境。
5．A.wonder B．understand
C．forget D．remember
答案：B 随着时间的推移，作者开始懂得(understand)生命的珍贵，故选B项。
6．A.change B．doubt
C．predict D．leave
答案：C 人生无常，未来更是没有人可以预知(predict)，故答案为C。
7．A.mourn for B．wait for
C．look after D．talk with
答案：A 因作者丈夫突然去世，她可能会呆在家里陷于无尽的哀伤之中，mourn for “哀悼，为……哀伤”。故选A项。
8．A.and B．so
C．for D．or
答案：D 此处表示作者的不同选择：是呆在家中悲伤，还是(or)走出去积极面对生活，故答案为D。
9．A.before B．after
C．since D．as
答案：B 此处表述在作者丈夫去世三个月之后(after)，故答案为B。
10．A.charity B．company
C．club D．hospital
答案：A 根据14空后“to raise money”及18空后“for the charity”可知答案为A。
11．A.killed B．defeated
C．scared D．affected
答案：D 这个机构的目的在于帮助像作者这样有亲人因癌症去世而生活受到影响的人。affect “影响”，符合语境。
12．A.hardly B．seldom
C．always D．often
答案：C 此处表示作者一直(always)都很喜欢唱歌，所以同意参加活动。
13．A.mind B．life
C．dream D．goal
答案：B 参加慈善歌唱的决定改变了作者的生活(life)，即把作者从悲伤之中拉了出来。
14．A.dances B．plays
C．services D．concerts
答案：D 此处应与歌唱和排练相呼应，故选concert(音乐会)。
15．A.amuse B．interest
C．push D．impress
答案：D 从“inspiring songs”可知，这些歌曲都是鼓舞人的，故选D。impress意为“使留下深刻印象”。
16．A.skillful B．cautious
C．secure D．positive
答案：D 排练不仅使作者有了新的朋友圈，而且作者感觉情绪积极。positive “积极的”，符合语境。
17．A.mental B．physical
C．social D．economical
答案：A 根据上文可知，此处应表示心理健康，故选A项。
18．A.spend B．save
C．raise D．earn
答案：C 作者除了跟合唱团一起为慈善尽力，自己也通过个人活动为慈善机构筹集(raise)善款。
19．A.approve of B．care about
C．be opposed to D．be sorry about
答案：A 作者相信丈夫会支持她好好生活，故A项符合语境。
20．A.award B．experience
C．comfort D．help
答案：C 作者认为，她好好享受生活，就是对丈夫最好的慰藉。comfort “安慰，慰藉，抚慰”，符合语境。
强化特训8 记叙文(限时：35分钟)
[1]
On Saturday my Catalan friend invited me to come along to a Calcotada. Being from the UK I had no idea what it was, but he __1__ it was a fun Catalan tradition, and so I __2__ to go. I wasn't __3__！
First off, we __4__ a train heading for a small town near Tarragona, about an hour away from Barcelona's centre. I was already __5__ by how different everything looked from the city as the __6__ rushed through small towns.
When we arrived, we were __7__ by the sight of a small wind instrument band and about a dozen people __8__ in a circle. I was very surprised at what I saw. My friend told me that it was a traditional Catalan dance. It seemed so strange but yet so __9__ that they were doing this dance completely for themselves. In fact, they were so __10__ it they didn't even seem to __11__ our group of about thirty tourists standing and __12__ them.
Once we had been fully __13__ by the dancers, we finally went inside for the Calcotada. We sat down at the __14__ and a huge plate of charcoal－blackened leeks (炭烤韭葱) was __15__ in front of us. It was __16__ that you have to peel (剥) the leeks with your fingers, dip them in a delicious sauce and then hang them over your mouth in an attempt to try and __17__ them. By the end of the meal we were all absolutely covered in black charcoal, on our hands, arms and even our faces! __18__， they had provided us with bibs (围裙). __19__， I would have come home with a completely black wardrobe (行头) that day!
My friend had been __20__ in the end. It had been an extremely fun day and it felt great to get involved in a local tradition of a place I am temporarily calling home.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己跟随朋友一起去参加当地传统活动的经历。
1．A.warned B．guaranteed
C．assumed D．advised
答案：B 虽然作者不知道Calcotada是什么，但是朋友“保证(guaranteed)”那是一个很有趣的传统活动。
2．A.pretended B．forgot
C．agreed D．continued
答案：C 由下文的描述可推断，作者在朋友的劝说下“同意(agreed)”去参加传统活动。
3．A.frightened B．satisfied
C．taken aback D．let down
答案：D 由最后一段中的“It had been an extremely fun day and it felt great to ... ”可推断，作者对朋友邀请参加的活动不“失望(let down)”。
4．A.boarded B．missed
C．cancelled D．rented
答案：A 作者和朋友“登上(boarded)”了一辆火车，这辆火车开往塔拉戈纳附近的一个小镇。
5．A.supported B．amazed
C．puzzled D．disturbed
答案：B 由下文的“how different everything looked from the city”可知，作者还在途中为自己看到的与城市截然不同的景观“感到惊讶(amazed)”。
6．A.plane B．bike
C．train D．bus
答案：C 由上文的“a train”可知选C。
7．A.greeted B．offended
C．scared D．affected
答案：A 当我们到达时，“映入眼帘(greeted)”的是一支小型的管乐队。
8．A.working B．talking
C．singing D．dancing
答案：D 由下文的“it was a traditional Catalan dance”可知，作者看到有十来个人围成一圈“跳舞(dancing)”。
9．A.stupid B．lovely
C．boring D．friendly
答案：B 由上文的“so strange but yet”及下文的“they were doing this dance completely for themselves”可推断，一圈人旁若无人地跳舞看起来虽奇怪却也很“可爱(lovely)”。
10．A.over B．into
C．under D．behind
答案：B 由上文的“they were doing this dance completely for themselves”可推断，舞者们是如此“投入(into)”以至于他们甚至似乎没有“注意到(notice)”众多游客的到来。be into sth. “很感兴趣，非常喜欢，深深卷入”。
11．A.recognize B．follow
C．notice D．understand
答案：C notice “注意到”，符合语境。
12．A.helping B．learning from
C．watching D．listening to
答案：C 由本段第二句中的saw可知，包括作者在内的游客们吃惊地“看着(watching)”舞者们跳舞。
13．A.entertained B．taught
C．accepted D．trusted
答案：A 观舞尽兴之后，作者和朋友最终开始享受Calcotada。entertain “娱乐”，符合语境。
14．A.platform B．recorder
C．computer D．table
答案：D 由下文的“a huge plate ...”可推断，作者和朋友来到了吃饭的地方，故他们应该是在“桌子(table)”旁坐下。
15．A.placed B．thrown
C．planted D．cooked
答案：A 作者和朋友坐下后，一大盘韭葱被“放到了(placed)”他们的面前。
16．A.admitted B．proved
C．explained D．predicted
答案：C 由语境可知，服务人员向顾客“解释(explained)”韭葱的食用方法。
17．A.drop B．wash
C．cut D．eat
答案：D 由下文的“By the end of the meal”可知，作者和朋友在经过剥、蘸等程序后最终要将韭葱“吃(eat)”掉。
18．A.Finally B．Luckily
C．Strangely D．Gradually
答案：B 吃完韭葱后，作者和朋友身上都是黑色的木炭屑。“幸运的是(Luckily)”，服务员给了他们围裙。
19．A.Besides B．Instead
C．Therefore D．Otherwise
答案：D 承接上文，此处表示“否则的话(Otherwise)”，作者那天就只能灰头土脸地回家了。
20．A.nice B．wrong
C．mean D．right
答案：D 由第一段中的“he ... it was a fun Catalan tradition”及最后一段中的“It had been an extremely fun day”可知，作者的朋友是“对的(right)”，这个活动确实很有意思。
[2]
Valentine's Day had arrived. My romantic (浪漫的) husband, Roy, planned a __1__ like we had never had before—he __2__ a table at an expensive restaurant.
After a hard day at work, I __3__ home and jumped into the shower. When my husband arrived, I was dressed in my finest clothes and ready to go. We were both __4__. Unfortunately, the youngest member in our family wasn't so __5__.
“Daddy, you were going to take me to buy Mom a __6__，” Becky, my eight－year－old daughter said.
“I'm sorry, honey, I arrived home __7__. Your mom and I have to go now，” he said.
“That's OK，” Becky replied. “I __8__.”
The entire evening was __9__. I couldn't help being concerned about the __10__ in Becky's eyes. I __11__ how the joyful Valentine's Day glow had left her face, just before the door closed behind us. She wanted me to know how much she __12__ me.
When we arrived back home, Becky was __13__ on the couch, holding a box in her hand tightly. When I kissed her cheek, she awoke. “I've got __14__ for you, Mom，” she said with a __15__.
I opened the box and __16__ the sweetest Valentine gift that I have ever __17__. It was a heart－shaped pillow made by my daughter, with the words “I Love You” on it.
I don't know if a pillow can hold magic, __18__ this pillow has surely held a great deal of joy for me over the __19__. It has helped me through many lonely nights since she left home for college. I not only __20__ the gift, but the memory, as well.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。情人节到了，“我”和丈夫计划度过一个浪漫的夜晚。留守家中的女儿虽然很失望，但依然给“我”准备了最暖心的礼物。
1．A.trip B．date
C．party D．vacation
答案：B 由下文“like we had never had before”可知，浪漫的丈夫安排了一个约会(date)。
2．A.set B．bought
C．reserved D．borrowed
答案：C 结合上文中的“Valentine's Day had arrived.”和下文中的“at an expensive restaurant”可知，丈夫在一家昂贵的餐厅“预订了(reserved)”桌位。
3．A.left B．moved
C．stayed D．hurried
答案：D 根据下文中的“jumped into the shower”可知，忙完一天的工作后，“我”“匆忙(hurried)”回到家。
4．A.thrilled B．worried
C．awkward D．surprised
答案：A 因为要和丈夫共度情人节，所以我们都很“兴奋(thrilled)”。
5．A.smart B．cheerful
C．polite D．pretty
答案：B 根据上文中的“Unfortunately”可知，家里最小的成员不是很“高兴(cheerful)”。
6．A.box B．table
C．dress D．present
答案：D 根据倒数第二段中的“a heart－shaped pillow made by my daughter”可知，女儿本想让爸爸带她去给“我”买一份“礼物(present)”。
7．A.late B．soon
C．safely D．finally
答案：A 结合上文中的“I'm sorry”和下文中的“Your mom and I have to go now”可知，丈夫回家“晚(late)”了。
8．A.admit B．agree
C．believe D．understand
答案：D 根据下文中女儿留在家中并且亲手给妈妈做了礼物可知，此处她对爸爸表示“理解(understand)”。
9．A.cold B．quiet
C．beautiful D．bittersweet
答案：D 根据下文中的“I couldn't help being concerned about the ... in Becky's eyes.”可知，虽然与丈夫共度情人节是甜蜜的，但是想到女儿，整个夜晚变得“苦乐参半(bittersweet)”。
10．A.fear B．anger
C．disappointment D．embarrassment
答案：C 根据上文可知，爸爸不能带女儿去买礼物，所以女儿感到很“失望(disappointment)”。
11．A.described B．doubted
C．remembered D．explained
答案：C 根据上文中的“I couldn't help being concerned about the ... in Becky's eyes.”可知，“我”整晚都“记得(remembered)”女儿当时的表情。
12．A.hurt B．adored
C．hated D．influenced
答案：B 女儿给妈妈送礼物，是想让妈妈知道她有多“爱(adored)”她。
13．A.sitting B．kneeling
C．sleeping D．standing
答案：C 根据下文中的“she awoke”可知，女儿正在沙发上“睡觉(sleeping)”。
14．A.everything B．something
C．anything D．nothing
答案：B 根据下文中的“the sweetest Valentine gift”可知，女儿有“东西(something)”要送给妈妈。
15．A.smile B．sigh
C．nod D．cry
答案：A 女儿有礼物要送给妈妈，所以是“笑着(smile)”和妈妈说话。
16．A.found B．paid for
C．returned D．asked for
答案：A 打开盒子“发现(found)”礼物，故此处选A。
17．A.shared B．received
C．made D．discussed
答案：B 根据上文中的“opened the box”可知，“我”发现了自己“收到过(received)”的最甜蜜的情人节礼物。
18．A.or B．so
C．for D．but
答案：D “我”不知道枕头是否有魔力，“但是(but)”这个枕头确实带给“我”许多快乐。
19．A.days B．weeks
C．month D．decade
答案：D 结合上文中的“my eight－year－old daughter”和下文中的“she left home for college”可知，在过去的“十年(decade)”，这个枕头确实给“我”带来了巨大的快乐。
20．A.value B．create
C．accept D．lose
答案：A 本段讲述女儿的礼物对于作者的非凡意义——给她带去了快乐，也陪她度过了很多个孤独的夜晚。所以，此处应该是说作者“珍惜(value)”这份礼物以及美好的回忆。
课件140张PPT。专题三 完形填空 策略综述 第1讲 记叙文 真题导练 过关检测 强化训练 本课结束第2讲 夹叙夹议文
夹叙夹议文是近年来高考完形填空常见的一种体裁，这类体裁的文章一般具有哲理性，往往可以从一件看似平淡的小事中领悟出深刻的人生哲理，因此耐人寻味，可读性较强。
在语言方面，这类体裁的文章既有记叙文的特点，同时又具有议论文的特点。在结构上，该文体采用“先叙后议”、“先议后叙”或“叙议交替”的写作模式，旨在在记叙的基础上，通过议论的手段，说明作者的态度、观点、思想和目的。
1．分析结构，抓住作者观点。在做题时大家要借助文章结构，认真体会记叙和议论的关系，抓住作者的观点，明确文章的组织方式。看文章属于上述哪种结构，从而明白作者的思路。
2．重视首句，把握文章主题。首句往往是文章的关键句、引题句或主题句。通过首句可以初步判断文章的写作目的，为全面理解文章打开一扇“窗户”。
3．叙议兼顾，理解议论内涵。夹叙夹议中叙与议是一个有机的整体，叙是议的基础，而议是叙的升华。在读这类文章时，掌握议论部分的内容是关键，因为叙述是为作者的议论而服务的。所以只有把故事和哲理联系起来，再结合人物心理和行为的描述，全面把握文章才能正确解题。
4．抓住转换，理清逻辑关系。抓住记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维方式，理清上下文之间的逻辑关系，在充分把握语境的基础上，辨析词语，进一步把握作者的观点、态度，找到正确答案。
真题导练
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They __41__ with them lots of waste. The __42__ might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing, changing the __43__ of Kilimanjaro.
Hearing these stories, I'm __44__ about the place—other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.
However, I soon __45__ that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of __46__ among tons of rubbish. I find a __47__ mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are __48__ but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be __49__.
The best of a Kilimanjaro __50__， in my opinion, isn't reaching the top. Mountains are __51__ as spiritual places by many cultures. This __52__ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as __53__ go through five ecosystems (生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters, __54__ lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather __55__—low clouds envelop the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I __56__ twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4,000 meters is the highland __57__：gravel (砾石), stones and rocks. __58__ you climb into an arctic-like zone with __59__ snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.
Does Kilimanjaro __60__ its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? I found the opposite to be true.
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了非洲乞力马扎罗山的环境污染以及当地机构努力治理之后环境的改观情况。
41．根据第一段第一句可知，每年大约有4万人试图攀登乞力马扎罗山，所以他们攀登的时候带来很多垃圾。故选D。
42．联系上文中的“about 40,000 people”可知，这些人群有可能破坏这个地方的美。故选C。
43．联系上文中的“The glaciers are disappearing”可知，冰川的消失正在改变乞力马扎罗山的面貌。故选C。
44．联系下文“other destinations are described as ‘purer' natural experiences”可知，其他目的地被描述为“更纯粹的”自然体验，所以作者对乞力马扎罗山被严重破坏的报道表示怀疑。故选B。
45．联系下文的“much has changed”可知，作者发现了乞力马扎罗山的变化。故选A。
46．联系下文中的“with toilets at camps”可知，这里报道的是营地。故选C。
47．联系上文“However (然而)”及下文“with toilets at camps and along the paths”可推知，作者看到的是干净的山。故选D。
41．A.keep B．mix
C．connect D．bring
42．A.stories B．buildings
C．crowds D．reporters
43．A.position B．age
C．face D．name
44．A.silent B．skeptical
C．serious D．crazy
45．A.discover B．argue
C．decide D．advocate
46．A.equipment B．grass
C．camps D．stones
47．A.remote B．quiet
C．tall D．clean
48．A.new B．special
C．significant D．necessary
49．A.paying off B．spreading out
C．blowing up D．fading away
50．A.atmosphere B．experience
C．experiment D．sight
51．A.studied B．observed
C．explored D．regarded
52．A.view B．quality
C．reason D．purpose
53．A.scientists B．climbers
C．locals D．officials
54．A.holding on to B．going back to
C．living up to D．giving way to
55．A.changes B．clears
C．improves D．permits
56．A.match B．imagine
C．count D．add
57．A.village B．desert
C．road D．lake
58．A.Obviously B．Easily
C．Consequently D．Finally
59．A.permanent B．little
C．fresh D．artificial
60．A.enjoy B．deserve
C．save D．acquire
48.上文提到乞力马扎罗山有众多游客，而且有很多垃圾，还有令人心烦的诸多报道，由此可知，这里面临的环境挑战是重大的。故选C。
49．联系前文的“with toilets at camps and along the paths”可知，坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在奏效。故选A。
50．联系下文“reaching the top”可知，作者认为乞力马扎罗山最好的爬山体验并不是登顶。故选B。
51．联系空后的“by many cultures”可知，山在很多文化中被看作是灵魂之地。故选D。
52．结合上文的“文化观”，再联系下文的“go through five ecosystems”可知，这种“经历五种生态系统”的景色在乞力马扎罗山表现尤为明显。故选A。
53．联系上文的“Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro ... ”可知，爬山者可以经历五种生态系统。故选B。
54．联系上文的“It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters”可知，热带雨林在3,000米处突然中止，取而代之的是生长着低矮植物的土地。故选D。
55．上文介绍了五种生态系统中的两种，再联系下文的“low clouds envelop the mountainsides”可知，在这里气候又发生了变化。故选A。
56．联系空后的“twelve shades of green”可知，作者数出了12种绿色。故选C。
57．联系冒号后的“gravel, stones and rocks”可知，4,000米以上是荒漠。故选B。
58．上文介绍了从山下到山上的五个生态系统，所以这里说最后爬到了一个像北极圈一样的区域。故选D。
59．联系空前的“climb into an arctic－like zone”可知，攀登者到了一个像北极圈的地方，所以这里是指常年/永久积雪。故选A。
60．联系下文的“I found the opposite to be true.”可知，作者在这里进行反问：乞力马扎罗山真的应该得到游人如织，破坏了其平和景象的拥挤山脉这一名声吗？ 故选B。
过关检测(限时：45分钟)
(2019·江苏省兴化一中高三考前适应性考试)Just several days ago, a violent storm hit our community. I looked out of the window and witnessed a tree being __1__ by the fierce winds. The branches bent, and swayed back and forth, thanks to their __2__ to avoid breaking. The leaves desperately stuck to the branches because their life __3__ the tree. The powerful trunk that __4__ the tree upright bent slightly backwards from the force in a battle to __5__ its position.
After the storm had passed, the tree gracefully returned to its __6__ position standing tall among the chaos. It managed to __7__ the storm. It didn't look the same as leaves had shed from its branches and the soil had loosened a bit, but what __8__ is that the tree won the fight for its life.
For a long time I couldn't understand why this tree __9__ my attention the way it did. As time passed, it became __10__ that it wasn't just about the tree but about the roots, which, although unseen, dig deep into the soil providing __11__ and nutrition. The roots allow the tree to be able to take a __12__ because they are there to support them.
I couldn't but ask myself how deep the roots are in my life. __13__， the next time you catch your kids __14__， when the job is driving you crazy, when you are underpaid and the __15__ is tight, and when the storms of life are raging, go back to your roots. Life is full of __16__. They will make you sway, make you __17__， make you lose some leaves but the deeper your roots the stronger you stand.
Faced with __18__ you might bend but don't break. No matter how hard the wind blows don't let life __19__ you into an uncomfortable position. Your __20__ lies in your roots.
篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者看到大树遭遇强风暴时，虽然树枝摇摆弯曲，树叶飘落，甚至根部的泥土都有些松动，但是泥土深处的强劲根部，不仅给大树输送营养，还保障了大树的稳固性，使其在狂风肆虐之下得以生存。作者由此联想到人生，当我们遇到残酷的挑战时，应该像大树那样，从根部树立坚定的信念和勇往直前的勇气，坚忍不拔，不被困难打倒。
1．A.crushed B．abused
C．broken D．removed
答案：B 我向窗外望去，看见一棵树被狂风肆虐着。根据下文描述，这棵树既没有被折断，没有被风移走，也没有被压扁，abuse “虐待”符合语境，因此B项正确。
2．A.height B．thickness
C．flexibility D．outline
答案：C 结合前面的“The branches bent, and swayed back and forth”可知，树枝弯曲，来回摆动，多亏了它们的柔韧性，才得以避免折断。flexibility “柔韧性”符合句意。
3．A.answered for B．depended on
C．catered for D．touched on
答案：B 根据前面的“The leaves desperately stuck to the branches”树叶紧紧附在树枝上，因为它们的生命依赖于树，depend on “依赖于”，符合句意，因此B项正确。
4．A.held B．tied
C．pulled D．raised
答案：A 结合后面的“the tree upright bent slightly backwards from the force in a battle to”可知，强大的树干支撑着树，使得它在保持自己位置的战斗中，只是稍微向后弯曲。held是hold的过去式，在这里意为“支撑”，故A项正确。
5．A.achieve B．reach
C．establish D．maintain
答案：D 根据上文“the tree upright bent slightly backwards from the force in a battle to”及常识可知，为了防止被连根拔起，大树在风暴中努力保持自己的位置，因此D项正确。
6．A.current B．final
C．original D．comfortable
答案：C 结合前面的“After the storm had passed, the tree gracefully returned to”和后面的“standing tall among the chaos”可知，风暴过后，这棵树又优雅地回到了原来的位置，高高耸立在一片狼藉中。因此C项正确。
7．A.explore B．avoid
C．chase D．survive
答案：D 它努力在风暴中生存下来。survive “幸存，存活”，符合语境，故D项正确。
8．A.counts B．differs
C．concerns D．reveals
答案：A 根据后面的“is that the tree won the fight for its life”可知，重要的是，这棵树赢得了这场生存之战。count在此为不及物动词，意为“重要；要紧”， 故A项正确。
9．A.fixed B．transferred
C．escaped D．caught
答案：D 很长一段时间我都不明白，为什么这棵树会以这种方式引起我的注意。catch one's attention为固定搭配，意为“引起某人的注意”，故D项正确。
10．A.strange B．obvious
C．possible D．reasonable
答案：B 随着时间的推移，原因变得很明显了，obvious “明显的”，符合语境，故B项正确。
11．A.surroundings B．resources
C．probability D．stability
答案：D 引起我注意的不仅仅是树本身，还包括它的根，虽然看不见，却深深地扎根于地下，给树提供稳定性(使树牢固地站立)和营养。stability意为“稳定性”，符合语境，故D项正确。
12．A.beating B．stand
C．chance D．turning
答案：A 根据下文“because they are there to support them”可知，树根使得树能够经受挫折。take a beating固定搭配，“受打击，经受挫折”，因此A项正确。
13．A.However B．Therefore
C．Nevertheless D．Besides
答案：B 空格前一句“I couldn't but ask myself how deep the roots are in my life.”(我不禁问自己，我生命中的根有多深)和后面的“下一次当你发现你的孩子……时，当你的工作快把你逼疯时，当你的工资过低，你的……又很紧张时，当生命的风暴肆虐时，回到你的根部。”可知前后两句属于因果关系。therefore表因果，因此B项正确。
14．A.misbehaving B．struggling
C．withdrawing D．misunderstanding
答案：A 与下文的“driving you crazy”和“when you are underpaid”意义呼应，此处表示“当你发现孩子行为不端时”。misbehaving “举止失礼，行为不端”，故A项正确。
15．A.security B．deadline
C．money D．community
答案：C 根据上下文语境可知，money与前面的单词“underpaid”相对应，即当你感觉报酬过低，用钱紧张时，因此C项正确。
16．A.surprises B．choices
C．storms D．changes
答案：C 根据前面几句话中所提到的各种各样的人生挫折，此处表示“人生充满风暴”，所以C项正确。
17．A.smile B．bend
C．hesitate D．advance
答案：B 由前面的“sway”和后面的“lose some leaves”可知，它们会使你摇摆，使你弯曲，使你失去一些叶子，但是你的根越深，你站得越稳。第18空后的bend也是提示。因此B项符合语境。
18．A.opportunities B．challenges
C．tasks D．differences
答案：B 根据后面的“you might bend but don't break”可知，面对挑战，你可能会弯曲，但是不会折断。challenge意为“挑战”，符合语境，因此B项正确。
19．A.trick B．argue
C．force D．admit
答案：C 结合前面的“No matter how hard the wind blows don't let life”可知，无论风暴有多么强烈，都不要让生活逼迫自己处于不舒服的境地。force sb. into固定短语，意为“强迫某人……”，因此C项正确。
20．A.courage B．ambition
C．value D．strength
答案：D 根据语境，你的力量就在你的根上。上一段最后一句话中的“the deeper your roots the stronger you stand”是对本题答案的提示，即：根系越深站得越稳，就是说你的力量来自于你坚实的根基，所以D项正确。
(2019·陕西省高三教学质量检测)Steve and Yaser first met in their chemistry class. Yaser was an international student from Jordan. He was __1__ to get to know an American. Yaser hoped that he and Steve would __2__ good friends.
As first, Steve seemed very friendly. He always greeted Yaser __3__ before class. Sometimes he offered to study with Yaser. He even __4__ Yaser to have lunch with him. But after the first term was over, Steve seemed __5__. One day Yaser decided to call Steve. Steve didn't seem very __6__ in talking to him. Yaser was hurt by Steve's change of attitude.
Yaser is a little __7__. He is an outsider to American culture. He doesn't understand the way Americans view __8__. Americans view the word “friend” in a very __9__ way. Americans have school friends, work friends, sports friends and neighborhood friends. These friendships are __10__ on common interests. When the shared activity ends, the friendship may __11__. Now Steve and Yaser are no longer classmates, their friendship has __12__.
In some cultures friendship means a(n) __13__ lifelong bond between two people. In these __14__ friendships develop slowly, since they are built to last. But American __15__ is not always an offer of true friendship. American __16__ is one of those that change rapidly. Studies show that one out of five American __17__ moves every year.
People from the United States may at first seem friendly. Americans often chat easily with __18__. They exchange information about their families, __19__ and work. They may smile warmly and say, “Have a nice day.” However, American friendships __20__ quickly, and they may change just as quickly. So, it's necessary to do in Rome as the Romans do.
篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，通过叙述Steve和Yaser之间的经历，讲述了美国人对待友谊的观点。
1．A.puzzled B．shocked
C．excited D．worried
答案：C 根据上文“Steve and Yaser first met in their chemistry class. Yaser was an international student from Jordan.”的提示可知，他很兴奋(excited)能认识一个美国人。
2．A.continue B．become
C．advocate D．submit
答案：B 根据上文“He was __1__ to get to know an American.”的描述可知，Yaser希望他和Steve能成为(become)好朋友。
3．A.anxiously B．nervously
C．strongly D．warmly
答案：D 根据上文“As first, Steve seemed very friendly.”的描述可知，课前他总是热情地(warmly)问候Yaser。
4．A.invited B．approved
C．forbade D．rejected
答案：A 根据上文“Sometimes he offered to study with Yaser.”的提示可知，此处与上文语义上形成递进关系，所以此处为他甚至邀请(invited) Yaser和他一起吃午饭。
5．A.optimistic B．familiar
C．distant D．accessible
答案：C 根据下文“One day Yaser decided to call Steve. Steve didn't seem very __6__ in talking to him.”的提示可知，两人之间的关系发生了变化，所以此处为当第一学期结束后，Steve显得很疏远了(distant)。
6．A.encouraged B．interested
C．embarrassed D．inspired
答案：B 上文“But after the first term was over, Steve seemed __5__.”体现转折含义，由此判断他决定打电话给Steve，但Steve看起来对与他讲话不感兴趣(interested)。
7．A.satisfied B．fascinated
C．delighted D．confused
答案：D 根据下文“He is an outsider to American culture. He doesn't understand the way Americans view __8__.”的描述可知，此处为对此他有点困惑(confused)。
8．A.friendship B．ownership
C．scholarship D．citizenship
答案：A 根据下文“Americans view the word ‘friend’ in a very __9__ way.”的提示可知，此处为他不理解美国人看待友谊(friendship)的方式。
9．A.regular B．usual
C．general D．similar
答案：C 根据下文“Americans have school friends, work friends, sports friends and neighborhood friends.”的描述可知，美国人关于朋友的界定没有太多的限制，所以此处为美国人以非常广泛的(general)意义看待“朋友”这个词。
10．A.taken B．based
C．grown D．made
答案：B 根据语境可知，这些友谊是依据(based)他们共同的兴趣(而建立起来的)。be based on ... 意为“以……为依据”。
11．A.fail B．fall
C．delay D．fade
答案：D 根据上文“These friendships are __10__ on common interests. When the shared activity ends”的提示可知，此处为他们的友谊可能会逐渐消失(fade)。
12．A.changed B．managed
C．arranged D．ranged
答案：A 根据上文“When the shared activity ends, the friendship may __11__.”的描述可知，此处表示现在他们不再是同学了，他们的友谊也变了(changed)。
13．A.recent B．instant
C．strong D．final
答案：C 根据下文“American __16__ is one of those that change rapidly.”的提示可知，美国人对待友谊的观点不同于其他文化，所以此处为在一些文化中，友谊意味着两个人之间牢固的(strong)终生的纽带。
14．A.creatures B．cultures
C．lectures D．pictures
答案：B 根据上文中的“In some cultures friendship means a(n) ... two people.”可知，此处为原词复现，所以此处为在这些文化(cultures)中，友谊发展得很缓慢。
15．A.goodness B．happiness
C．brightness D．friendliness
答案：D 根据语境可知，但是美国人的友好(friendliness)并不总是真正的友谊。
16．A.society B．activity
C．authority D．quantity
答案：A 根据下文“Studies show that one out of five American __17__ moves every year.”的提示可知，这是一个社会问题，所以此处为美国社会(society)是一个快速变化的社会。
17．A.apartments B．houses
C．families D．departments
答案：C 根据上文“American __16__ is one of those that change rapidly.”的提示可知，此处为研究表明，每年有五分之一的美国家庭(families)搬家。
18．A.participants B．strangers
C．colleagues D．members
答案：B 根据上文“People from the United States may at first seem friendly.”的提示可知，此处为美国人常常很容易与陌生人(strangers)聊天。
19．A.offence B．forests
C．prejudice D．hobbies
答案：D 根据上文中的“Americans often chat easily with __18__.”可知，此处为美国人会与这些陌生人交流他们的家庭、爱好(hobbies)及工作信息。
20．A.develop B．flow
C．disappear D．revolve
答案：A 根据上文“Americans often chat ... and work.”以及下文“and they may change just as quickly”的提示可知，美国人的友谊发展(develop)得很快，变化得也很快。
强化特训9 夹叙夹议文(限时：35分钟)
[1]
I was looking at the catalogue of an upcoming seminar given by some famous and successful people. I called one of my best friends and asked him __1__ he wanted to go. He said, “Oh, I'm not going to __2__ my money. Brother, those guys just got __3__.” His answer, to say the least, pissed me off (使……恼怒)!
I said seriously, “__4__， brother. I came from being a homeless man to a pretty __5__ manager! Am I lucky? No. I have earned __6__ I own. I'm not a multimillionaire but I __7__ I'll be in the future.” The people my friend didn't want to __8__ at the seminar were very successful and famous billionaires. In addition, the __9__ was pennies in comparison to the __10__ to meet and speak to these men. Besides, when I say pennies, I __11__， people spend more on a pair of jeans!
Luck is __12__ an occurrence that only happens by chance after an action is taken. My __13__ considered these successful people to be lucky by mistake. The __14__ is that it isn't “luck” that makes a successful billionaire. Luck－like things tend to __15__ after people take action towards a desired result. In fact, successful people __16__ to be “lucky” have made more effort than others.
Ralph Waldo Emerson said，“__17__ men believe in luck. Strong men believe in cause and effect.” __18__， to get “lucky” here's what you should do. Decide what you want, create a plan to get it and then DO IT! __19__ you keep at it and __20__ give up, success, I mean luck, will begin to snowball in your favor!
1．A.after B．when
C．where D．whether
答案：D 作者得知将有一场成功人士举办的研讨会后给他的朋友打电话，问他“是否(whether)”想参加。
2．A.waste B．earn
C．lend D．save
答案：A 由下文的“pissed me off (使……恼怒)”及第二段中的“the ... was pennies in comparison to ... people spend more on a pair of jeans”可知，朋友的回答出乎作者的意料，且该研讨会是收费的。据此可推断，作者的朋友说他不打算“浪费(waste)”钱去参加研讨会。
3．A.strange B．lucky
C．funny D．proud
答案：B 由第三段中的“My ... considered these successful people to be lucky by mistake.”可知答案选B。
4．A.Wait B．Stop
C．Listen D．Notice
答案：C 由上文可知，作者被朋友的话惹火了，他要严肃地驳斥朋友的观点，故应该是让朋友认真“听(Listen)”他将要说的话。
5．A.active B．kind
C．powerful D．successful
答案：D 作者想通过自己由无家可归者奋斗为“成功的(successful)”管理者的经历告诉朋友：成功绝非靠偶然的运气。
6．A.nothing B．everything
C．something D．anything
答案：B 由上文的“Am I lucky? No.”可知，此处作者说他不是走运，而是靠努力赢得他所拥有的“一切(everything)”。
7．A.imagine B．doubt
C．believe D．hope
答案：C 上文讲作者的财富不是靠运气，而是通过努力得来的。故此处作者是说他虽然现在还不是个大富豪，但他“相信(believe)”自己通过努力未来会成为大富豪。
8．A.see B．find
C．raise D．help
答案：A 由第一段可知，作者的朋友不想在研讨会上“见(see)”的人是名利双收的亿万富翁。
9．A.paper B．call
C．place D．fee
答案：D 由空格后的“was pennies in comparison to ... people spend more on a pair of jeans”可知，参加研讨会的“费用(fee)”相对于……来说很低。
10．A.message B．decision
C．chance D．plan
答案：C 根据第一段可知，参加研讨会有机会遇到这些著名的成功人士。chance “机会”，符合语境。
11．A.discover B．mean
C．guess D．know
答案：B 作者说费用极少的“意思(mean)”是参加研讨会的费用比人们买一条牛仔裤花的钱还少。
12．A.actually B．fairly
C．finally D．gradually
答案：A 作者解释自己对运气的理解：运气“实际上(actually)”只会在人们采取某种行动后偶尔发生。
13．A.coworker B．manager
C．hero D．friend
答案：D 由第一段中的“I called one of my best friends”可知，作者的“朋友(friend)”误以为成功的人都是幸运的。
14．A.result B．comment
C．truth D．problem
答案：C 此处是针对上文的“considered these successful people to be lucky by mistake”而言。“真相(truth)”是：促使亿万富翁们成功的不是运气。
15．A.hide B．happen
C．change D．fail
答案：B 走运的事情通常“发生(happen)”在人们朝着期待的结果采取行动之后。
16．A.considered B．proved
C．blessed D．shown
答案：A 事实上那些“被认为(considered)”走运的成功人士比别人付出了更多努力。上文的“considered these successful people to be lucky”是提示。
17．A.Cool B．Clever
C．Ugly D．Shallow
答案：D 该句与下文的“Strong men believe in cause and effect.”是对比关系。故此处意为：“肤浅的(Shallow)”人相信运气。
18．A.Otherwise B．Therefore
C．However D．Instead
答案：B 上文讲强人(即朋友所认为的幸运的人)与肤浅的人的区别在于前者相信因果而后者相信运气。“因此(Therefore)”，要想成为幸运儿需要按照以下的建议行动。
19．A.Though B．Since
C．If D．Before
答案：C “如果(If)”你坚持执行自己的计划并且……，那么成功或者说幸运就会降临。
20．A.never B．often
C．sometimes D．always
答案：A 根据上文的“keep at it”可知，此处指永不放弃。never “从不”，符合语境，故选A。
[2]
I want to share with you a story from my life. There was a time when I used to be __1__ constantly for whom I was and what I did, said, and thought. I was __2__ deeply. I had no one to share what I was feeling with, no one who could __3__ what I was going through and no help at all to get away from those __4__ remarks. And I was also very __5__. Many times I was too scared to speak up and on the few occasions I found the __6__ to do so, things didn't end very well at all.
The point is this: all that __7__ and anger inside of me became __8__， which I used to take out on the court (I used to play badminton). And those days people often wondered how I played so __9__.
I didn't know it at the time __10__ deep down inside of me I had already decided to do my best to create a life where I __11__ the rules.
And because of that __12__， today I have created for myself a wonderful life. Thanks to the suffering, I was able to __13__ more than I could ever imagine. Thanks to people __14__ and not believing in me, I got the drive to prove them __15__.
What I'm trying to say is that I don't see suffering as all that bad. If we learn how to __16__ our suffering in a way that can break us free I believe we can find our way to __17__.
I don't think there is any __18__ in suffering. Instead, we should be proud of all that we have gone through. We still stand strong. And the __19__ we carry from our sufferings, we wear as a badge of __20__. My suffering is my greatest source of power.
Suffering is a part of life and the sooner we can accept that, the closer we will be to experiencing what happiness truly means.
1．A.criticized B．admired
C．punished D．respected
答案：A 由下文的remarks及suffering可推测，作者过去总是被无端“批评(criticized)”。
2．A.pleased B．affected
C．hurt D．missed
答案：C 因为总是被无端指责，作者内心被深深地“伤害了(hurt)”。
3．A.accept B．remember
C．bear D．understand
答案：D 由上文的“I had no one to share what I was feeling with”可推测，作者很伤心却没有倾诉的对象，没有人能“理解(understand)”他。
4．A.funny B．brief
C．careless D．bitter
答案：D 没有人帮助作者摆脱那些“尖刻的(bitter)”评论。
5．A.bored B．angry
C．proud D．brave
答案：B 由下文的“Many times I was too scared to speak up”可推断，那些无端的批评令作者很“生气(angry)”。下文的“anger inside of me”为提示。
6．A.reason B．courage
C．energy D．goal
答案：B 由上文的“I was too scared to speak up”可推断，面对指责，很多时候作者都没有勇气表达自己的观点，只有少数几次他鼓起“勇气(courage)”说出来，但是事情并没有什么好转。
7．A.hope B．guilt
C．pain D．surprise
答案：C 由上段内容可知，那些无端的批评给作者带来了“痛苦(pain)”和愤怒。
8．A.fuel B．water
C．sweat D．fire
答案：A 由下文的“which I used to take out on the court”及第四段可推断，作者把内心的痛苦和愤怒转化成了奋斗的“动力(fuel)”。
9．A.well B．regularly
C．badly D．frequently
答案：A 由于作者努力打球，所以当时人们都好奇他怎么会打得那么“好(well)”。
10．A.and B．as
C．or D．but
答案：D “当时我并不知道”与“我内心深处已经决定要努力创造不一样的生活”之间是转折关系，故选but。
11．A.hated B．obeyed
C．made D．applied
答案：C 由第一段可知，作者的一切都遭到批评，可见作者的言行与某些人制定的规则不符。因此，作者决心要自己“制定(made)”规则。
12．A.design B．accident
C．decision D．mistake
答案：C 由上文的“I had already decided to ... ”可知，此处是指当时做的那个“决定(decision)”。
13．A.waste B．help
C．damage D．grow
答案：D 由上文可知，多亏了当年的痛苦，作者才“成长(grow)”得更快。
14．A.laughing B．talking
C．listening D．reading
答案：A 由下文的“and not believing in me”可推断，此处是说那些“嘲笑(laughing)”和不相信作者的人。
15．A.strong B．wrong
C．weak D．right
答案：B 多亏了那些嘲笑和不相信自己的人，作者才有了动力证明他们是“错误的(wrong)”。
16．A.point out B．deal with
C．forget about D．cover up
答案：B 由上文的“I don't see suffering as all that bad”可推断，作者认为如果我们能学会正确“应对(deal with)”内心的痛苦我们就能……。
17．A.desire B．challenge
C．happiness D．confusion
答案：C 此处表示抵达“幸福的”彼岸，文末的“what happiness truly means”是提示。
18．A.fear B．shame
C．doubt D．regret
答案：B 由下文的“Instead, we should be proud of all that we have gone through.”可推断，作者并不认为痛苦是一种“羞耻(shame)”。
19．A.wounds B．gifts
C．tools D．burdens
答案：A 由上文的“we should be proud of all that we have gone through. We still stand strong”可推断，此处指我们因痛苦而留下的“伤疤(wounds)”就像是“荣誉(honor)”徽章。
20．A.rank B．sacrifice
C．peace D．honor
答案：D 根据下文的“My suffering is my greatest source of power.”可知，作者认为，我们因痛苦留下的伤疤就像“荣誉(honor)”徽章。honor “荣誉”，符合语境。
课件116张PPT。第2讲夹叙夹议文 真题导练 过关检测 强化训练 本课结束第3讲 议论文和说明文
议论文和说明文的完形填空都属于较难的文体，在全国卷中出现的频率很低，议论文在全国卷中基本没有考查，说明文也仅仅是在2012年和2014年出现过两次，不过也应加以足够重视。
议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。这类文章或从正面提出某种见解、主张，或是驳斥别人的错误观点。议论文类完形填空具有如下特点：
(1)首句制胜，论点明确。议论文一般都在首句提出论点，然后在各段的前句提出分论点。
(2)结构清楚，逻辑通顺。作者为了使文章的脉络清晰，一般会使用一些逻辑关联词(或短语)，如on the contrary, all in all, in short, generally, surely, obviously等。
(3)方法论证，合情合理。议论文都是按一定的方法来论证的。常用的论证方法有：归纳法、推理法、对照法。
说明文常就某一个问题、某一种社会现象、某一个产品的制作过程和使用方法、某个科学成就或人类生活中所面临的某个具体的难题等从不同角度来加以说明。说明文一般有两种结构模式：①总分式：包括“总—分”“分—总”“总—分—总”等具体形式；②递进式： 一层一层地剖析事理，所以事理说明文多采用这种形式。常用空间顺序、时间顺序、逻辑顺序等去组织文章。
议论文可利用以下几种技巧：
1．把握首句和首段的完整信息，从而去掌握文章的中心论点：议论文的论点一般出现在首句或首段，因此我们要认真阅读这部分内容，以便掌握文章的导向，也有利于我们对上下文的理解。
2．把握作者的观点态度：议论文往往体现作者对某一事物的观点，而作者的观点就是文章的论点。考生要去把握作者的观点，了解作者对某一事物的态度是褒还是贬，是赞成还是反对，通过把握作者的观点也就找准了文章的论点。
3．论点和论据相互结合：一般来说，能说明论据主要内容的答案可以在论点里得到印证，而论点里的某些答案也可以与论据有机地结合起来，使论点、论据形成相辅相成的关系，从而使整篇文章上下一致。如果我们所选的答案前后矛盾，论据与论点相悖，那么我们就要重新梳理文章，这样才能得到正确的答案。
说明文可利用以下方法：
1．理清文章结构，了解文章主旨：对全文有一个清晰的概念，理清了文章的结构才能掌握文章的主旨。
2．掌握说明顺序，弄懂逻辑关系：掌握了文章是按时间、空间、逻辑或认知等的顺序去组织后，考生才能理顺逻辑关系，才能找准关键信息，才能得出正确推论。
3．明白所举事例，找准突破口：为了说明一件事情或一个道理，说明文中常使用举例的方法，明白了所举的事例，也就找到了做题的突破口。
真题导练
(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine (常规) basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this __41__ at work in people of all __42__. For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about __43__ with their new toys. But their __44__ soon wears off and by January those __45__ toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of __46__ stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone's __47__ interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child __48__ bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the __49__ of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescents enter high school with great __50__ but are soon looking forward to __51__. The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then, how many __52__， who now complain (抱怨) about the long drives to work, __53__ drove for hours at a time when they first __54__ their driver's licenses (执照)? Before people retire, they usually __55__ to do a lot of __56__ things, which they never had __57__ to do while working. But __58__ after retirement, the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they __59__. And, like the child in January, they go searching for new __60__.
41．A.principle B．habit
C．way D．power
42．A.parties B．races
C．countries D．ages
43．A.working B．living
C．playing D．going
44．A.confidence B．interest
C．anxiety D．sorrow
45．A.same B．extra
C．funny D．expensive
46．A.well-organized B．colorfully-printed
C．newly-collected D．half-filled
47．A.broad B．passing
C．different D．main
48．A.silently B．impatiently
C．gladly D．worriedly
本文是一篇议论文。文章以小孩、青少年、成年人和一些退休的人为例，论述了人们有时难以长时间专注于一种活动。
41．根据上文“As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine (常规) basis.”可知，此处指的是我们能够看到这一原则起作用。故选A。
42．根据下文列举的例子可知，这一原则适用于各个年龄阶段的人。故选D。
43．根据常识并结合空格后的“with their new toys”可知，此处指孩子们对玩新玩具感到兴奋，动词短语play_with意为“玩弄”。故选C。
44．根据第47空后的“interest”可知，此处指孩子们对新玩具的兴趣很快就会消退。故选B。
45．此处指到一月份的时候，同样的那些玩具就被发现被弃置在地下室里了。故选A。
46．根据下文的“unfinished models”可推断，此处指世界上充满了没有完成的集邮册。故选D。
47．结合上文中的“But their __44__ soon wears off”可知，此处指的是短暂的/一时的兴趣。故选B。
48．此处指当父母把宠物带回家的时候，他们的孩子会很高兴地为宠物洗澡和梳理毛发。故选C。
49．此处指不久照料动物的重担就交给父母了。burden意为“负荷/重担”，符合语境。故选B。
50．此处指青少年刚进入高中的时候很兴奋。故选D。
51．根据上文中的“but are soon looking forward to”的转折可知，青少年十分兴奋地进入高中，但是不久就开始盼望着毕业。故选A。
52．根据下文“complain (抱怨) about the long drives to work”可判断，空格处指的是具有驾驶资格的成年人。故选C。
53．根据设空后的“drove for hours at a time when they first”可推断，他们刚拿到驾照时渴望连续几个小时驾车。故选B。
49．A.promise B．burden
C．right D．game
50．A.courage B．calmness
C．confusion D．excitement
51．A.graduation B．independence
C．responsibility D．success
52．A.children B．students
C．adults D．retirees
53．A.carefully B．eagerly
C．nervously D．bravely
54．A.required B．obtained
C．noticed D．discovered
55．A.need B．learn
C．start D．plan
56．A.great B．strange
C．difficult D．correct
57．A.time B．money
C．skills D．knowledge
58．A.only B．well
C．even D．soon
59．A.lost B．chose
C．left D．quit
60．A.pets B．toys
C．friends D．colleagues
54.根据下文中的“their driver's licenses (执照)”可知，此处指的是成年人刚获得/得到他们的驾照。故选B。
55．在退休前，人们计划做很多在工作时没时间做的事情。故选D。
56．根据下文的“the golfing, the fishing, the reading”可知，这些都是美好的事情。故选A。
57．此处指计划退休后做的事都是工作时没有时间做的。故选A。
58．此处指退休后不久，他们感到打高尔夫、钓鱼、读书和所有其他的消遣方式都和曾经的工作一样变得无聊了。故选D。
59．这些想做的事就像他们退休时离开的那份工作一样变得索然无味了。they left是定语从句，修饰限定the_jobs。故选C。
60．根据上文“like the child in January”可知，就像在一月份的孩子，他们又去寻找新的玩具了。故选B。
过关检测(限时：45分钟)
(2019·安徽师大附中期中)In a world where comparisons happen non-stop, it is difficult to look outside yourself and to ever be __1__ with who you are. There's always someone who's a bit __2__. The only solution is to reach __3__ and measure against what Warren Buffett calls your own inner yardstick. There is no more __4__ measure for comparison than who you were yesterday, last week or last decade, when you were at your __5__.
Nothing useful ever comes from comparison to others. __6__ you see yourself better than someone and you get __7__， or you see someone else better than you and you feel like all your hard work is for __8__. It is a fool's game. Not one of us is exactly __9__. The only direct and honest comparison is __10__ yourself. Everything else is apples to oranges.
My opinion is that you are only __11__ to compare yourself to someone else if their life __12__ is the same as your own. Good luck finding that match. And one thing is for sure. No matter how hard you work and how __13__ you are, there will always be someone who can run a little faster, jump a little higher, score a little better or look a little nicer in a swimsuit. And if there's not, you can __14__ someone is coming up fast behind you. So how can you always win in life? Become your best __15__.
Having an image of your most recent past limits is the perfect thing to __16__ you to the next level. If you ran 7 flights of stairs yesterday, then do 8 today. Who __17__ if the guy next to you did 15? It doesn't make a bit of __18__. You are a more fit person today than you were yesterday. Your own __19__ is all you need.
If you __20__ to a slightly higher standard of yourself every day, you will always be at the top of your game.
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。作者在文中论述了和别人比较没有意义。我们要和过去的自己比较，每天进步一点点，自己才能超越别人，稳步向前，胜利属于自己。
1．A.patient B．strict
C．content D．concerned
答案：C 由前一句所述这个世界充满对比可知，我们总是无法对自己满意。content “满意的”符合语境。
2．A.stronger B．wiser
C．lazier D．better
答案：D 由第13空后的描述可知，这里泛指总会有人比你好。故选D项。
3．A.out B．up
C．inside D．outside
答案：C 根据本句中的“your own inner yardstick”可知，此处表述唯一的解决办法就是深入我们的内心，按照我们自己的内在的衡量标准来衡量自己。 故选C。
4．A.accurate B．careful
C．useful D．powerful
答案：A 除了和过去的你相比，没有更为精确的衡量标准了。accurate “精确的”，符合语境。
5．A.end B．best
C．side D．convenience
答案：B 人们要和自己过去比的话，应该是和过去最佳时期进行比较。at one's best “处于最佳状态”，符合语境。
6．A.Whether B．If
C．Once D．Either
答案：D 由第7空后的“or”及语境可知，此处构成either ... or ... 结构，故选D项。
7．A.lazy B．inspired
C．busy D．satisfied
答案：A 由“or”连接的下一分句中的“all your hard work”可知，前一分句表示：要么你看到自己比别人强的时候，你会变得懒惰，不思进取。故lazy “懒惰的”符合语境。
8．A.fun B．nothing
C．sure D．success
答案：B 此处表示第二种情况：要么你看到别人比你好，你会觉得你所有的努力都没价值。for nothing意为“徒然地，没有结果地”。
9．A.equal B．unique
C．alike D．common
答案：C 和别人去比较是傻子的游戏，所以文章强调不要和别人去比，因为人和人不同。alike “相似的”符合语境。
10．A.to B．by
C．for D．within
答案：D 文章第一段最后提到要和昨天的自己、上周的自己或者是10年前的自己去比较，用自己内在的衡量标准去衡量自己，所以在此应该是自己内在的比较，故D项正确。
11．A.allowed B．suggested
C．instructed D．directed
答案：A 此处表述你只可以与那些和你生活状况一样的人去比较。即允许自己和别人相比较。allow “允许”符合句意。
12．A.position B．situation
C．occasion D．accommodation
答案：B 和别人比较要在同等情况下进行比较，也就是生活境况(situation)相同的，否则没有可比性。
13．A.diligent B．dedicated
C．optimistic D．addicted
答案：B 由句中的“how hard you work”及下句中的语境可推知，此处表述不管你工作多么努力且多么投入，总是有人会跑得比你快，跳得比你高。故dedicated “专注的，献身的”符合句意。
14．A.declare B．conclude
C．announce D．bet
答案：D 即使现在没人比你强，肯定也有人在背后努力会超过你的。惯用搭配you can bet意为“肯定，毫无疑问”符合语境。
15．A.assistant B．coach
C．competitor D．teacher
答案：C 作者强调不要和别人去比，要自己和自己比，要让今天的自己超越昨天的自己，所以自己才是自己的竞争对手。故选C。
16．A.lead B．push
C．expose D．cause
答案：B 由下一句中关于自我超越的例子可知，此处表述对你最近能达到的最大限度有所了解可以推动自己朝下一个高度前进。push “推；推动”，符合语境。
17．A.wonders B．says
C．cares D．asks
答案：C 从上文可知，作者要人们自己给自己设定目标，每天进步一点点超越自己，而不去和别人比。who cares if ... 表示不在意某事，故选C。
18．A.difference B．sense
C．change D．effort
答案：A 别人做得再好和我们也毫无关系，我们只和自己比较，所以即使你跑7段楼梯，别人跑15段，那也和我们一点关系都没有。make a difference意为“有关系，有影响”。故选A项。
19．A.benefit B．result
C．habit D．progress
答案：D 从上下文可知，此处是指我们没必要去和别人比，去看别人的成绩，只要我们自己每天都在进步，那么我们就是一个成功的人，你的进步就是你需要的东西。故progress “进步，进展”符合语境。
20．A.commit B．devote
C．tend D．contribute
答案：A 如果你保证每天都有所提高，那么你将永远都是胜利者。commit “保证”符合语境。
(2019·江西省高三毕业班新课程教学质量监测)There are too many fat people in America, so many Americans are fighting against overweight. But the __1__ thing is that the French, who consume rich food, __2__ to stay thin. Now a __3__ by Cornell University suggests __4__ life style and decisions about __5__ may affect weight. Researchers concluded that the French tend to stop eating when they feel __6__. However, Americans tend to stop when their __7__ are empty or their favorite TV show is over.
According to Dr Joseph Mercola, a __8__ expert, the French see eating __9__ an important part of their life style. They enjoy food and therefore spend a __10__ time at the table, while Americans see eating as __11__ to be squeezed between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans __12__ the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have __13__. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and __14__ foods for the week. The French, __15__ tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers' markets where they have a __16__ of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high－quality meats for each meal.
After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Don't Get Fat, decided to __17__ about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid __18__. Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym.
In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recent life style __19__ may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity (肥胖)—or extreme overweight—among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains __20__ and the young reject older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17%—and is growing.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过对比，介绍了法国人吃大量油腻食品，但仍然保持苗条身材的原因：生活方式和饮食习惯。
1．A.present B．natural
C．strange D．modern
答案：C 与空前面的“There are too many fat people in America”很多美国人超重对比，令人奇怪的是，法国人，他们吃大量的油腻食品，但却持续保持很瘦的身材。故选C。
2．A.continue B．move
C．try D．expand
答案：A 根据该空前面的“that the French, who consume rich food”可知，令人奇怪的是，法国人，他们吃大量的油腻食品，但却持续保持很瘦的身材。选A。
3．A.research B．novel
C．book D．newspaper
答案：A 由下文中的“Researchers”可知，Cornell大学做的一个研究表明生活方式和决定可能会影响体重。A项正确。
4．A.that B．what
C．how D．when
答案：A 设空处引导从句作suggest的宾语，该从句结构意思完整，故应用that引导。选A。
5．A.working B．living
C．studying D．eating
答案：D 由该空后面的“affect weight”可推知，生活方式和饮食习惯可能会影响体重。选D。
6．A.sensitive B．sad
C．happy D．full
答案：D 当法国人感到吃饱了的时候，他们就不再吃东西了。选D。
7．A.pockets B．refrigerators
C．houses D．plates
答案：D 由下文“are empty or their favorite TV show is over”可知，与法国人形成对照的是，美国人只有在盘子里空了(即没有东西可吃了)或者他们最喜欢的电视剧结束的时候他们才停止吃东西。选D。
8．A.education B．health
C．literature D．speech
答案：B 由下文中“Dr Joseph Mercola”的观点可知，他是一位健康专家。选B。
9．A.into B．as
C．inside D．to
答案：B 法国人将吃看作是他们生活方式中非常重要的一部分。see ... as ... 意为“将……看作……”，是固定搭配。故选B。
10．A.fairly long B．quite short
C．very exciting D．rather fast
答案：A 法国人喜欢食物，所以他们花了相当长的时间在餐桌旁。选A。
11．A.anything B．something
C．everything D．nothing
答案：B 根据该空后面的“to be squeezed between the other daily activities”可知， 美国人将吃看作是一件在其他日常活动中挤出来的事情。选B。
12．A.get B．bring
C．lose D．receive
答案：C 由下文中的“they keep eating long”可知，当美国人实际上已经饱了的时候，他们感觉不到(自己已经吃饱了)。指他们丧失了这种能力。故选C。
13．A.kept B．enjoyed
C．went D．stopped
答案：D 美国人丧失了感觉自己吃饱的能力，所以当法国人(感到饱了而)停止吃食物时，美国人还会一直吃很长时间。D项正确。
14．A.hot B．cool
C．warm D．frozen
答案：D 根据上文“Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned”可知，美国人往往会开车去大超市买一周吃的罐装和冷冻食品。选D。
15．A.therefore B．instead
C．however D．merely
答案：B 与前面的美国人往往会开车去大超市买一周吃的罐装和冷冻食品对比，相反地(instead)，法国人却每天都去购物，步行到小的商店去买新鲜的水果、蔬菜和鸡蛋等食物。选B。
16．A.choice B．message
C．order D．number
答案：A 结合该空后面的“of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high－quality meats for each meal”可知，法国人往往会选择新鲜水果、蔬菜和鸡蛋等食物。选A。
17．A.write B．read
C．speak D．think
答案：A 由该空前面的“author of French Women Don't Get Fat”可知，Mireille Guiliano是一位作家，所以她决定写关于知道何时停止吃东西的重要性。选A。
18．A.fruit B．food
C．oil D．egg
答案：B 根据语境可知Mireille Guiliano决定写关于知道何时停止吃东西的重要性而不是建议人们如何避免吃某些食物。选B。
19．A.examples B．tradition
C．changes D．stories
答案：C 由下文讲法国青少年对传统饮食习惯的抛弃和肥胖率的增加可知，此处表明最近的生活方式的改变可能会影响法国人的饮食习惯。change “改变；变化”。选C。
20．A.failure B．success
C．acceptance D．rejection
答案：C 由该空后面的“the young reject older traditions”可知，法国的年轻人拒绝传统食物，由此可知，他们越来越接受美国的快餐。故选C。
强化特训10 议论文和说明文(一)(限时：35分钟)
[1]
Expressive arts therapy is a form of therapy that uses dance, drama, music, poetry, and art to enhance one's overall well－being. The arts are used to let go, __1__ and to release.
People have been using the arts as tools for __2__for many centuries. In the early 1940's expressive arts therapy became formally __3__ and has since provided meaningful therapeutic __4__ for people of all ages in a variety of treatment settings. There is no right or wrong way in the arts and clients are encouraged to be __5__ with self－expression. Expressive arts therapy focuses on the __6__ of making art and exploring __7__ the piece means to the individual, __8__ the final product.
Through the arts, people can __9__ ideas and feelings that may be hard to put into words, such as negative memories and stress. It has been __10__ that use of the arts can help people develop social skills, __11__ anxiety, manage behavior, and increase self－confidence. A free form of expression makes clients __12__ of their own work by reducing the need to compare themselves to others, an unfortunate problem seen today.
Expressive arts therapists are professionally __13__. Anyone can be an expressive art therapist provided that they get the appropriate training. Knowledge in psychology is __14__ to all training, but from there training __15__ includes getting a master's degree in counseling with specialized instruction in implementing (实施) the art, music, poetry, and dance/movement therapeutically. Some professionals extend their __16__ and obtain a PhD in expressive therapy.
__17__ expressive arts therapy is unique, the clinical goal is __18__ to other mental health professions. This __19__ is to facilitate clients' growth and __20__ change.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。在心理学上，表达性艺术治疗借助舞蹈、戏剧、音乐、绘画等方式，把内心的真实状况表达出来，从而达到心理治疗的目的。
1．A.admit B．express
C．examine D．trust
答案：B 根据该空前后的“Expressive arts therapy”和“let go”以及“release”可知，该空填express符合语境。
2．A.explaining B．proving
C．healing D．judging
答案：C 根据文章开头的“Expressive arts therapy”可知，它是一种治疗的方法，故填healing。
3．A.recognized B．relieved
C．affected D．controlled
答案：A 在20世纪40年代早期，表达性艺术治疗被正式认可(recognized)，自此以后，该治疗手法就给各类人提供了重要的治疗体验经历(experiences)。
4．A.results B．experiences
C．causes D．questions
答案：B experience “经历”，符合语境。
5．A.angry B．bored
C．strict D．free
答案：D 根据第12空格前的“A free form of expression”可知，表达性艺术治疗鼓励人们自由(free)地表达自我，并没有对错之分。
6．A.secret B．technique
C．difficulty D．process
答案：D 根据第8空格后的“the final product”可知，表达性艺术治疗注重创作艺术的过程(process)，注重作品对于个人的意义所在(what)，而非(rather than)最终的作品。
7．A.when B．which
C．what D．where
答案：C 此处用what表示“什么”，引导宾语从句。
8．A.as to B．or rather
C．rather than D．other than
答案：C rather than “而不是”，符合语境。
9．A.communicate B．produce
C．reject D．test
答案：A 根据该空格后的“be hard to put into words”可知，通过表达性艺术治疗，人们可以将那些无法诉诸语言的想法和情感表达(communicate)出来。
10．A.offered B．shown
C．guided D．driven
答案：B 根据该空格后的运用表达性艺术治疗的好处可知，填shown符合语境。
11．A.create B．feel
C．reduce D．recall
答案：C 根据该空格前后内容可知，该句在谈运用表达性艺术治疗的好处，故填reduce符合语境。
12．A.tired B．proud
C．afraid D．unaware
答案：B 根据该空格后的“reducing the need to compare themselves to others”可知，自由表达的方式让人们对自己的作品感到自豪(proud)。
13．A.hired B．served
C．awarded D．trained
答案：D 根据下一句中的“get the appropriate training”可知，该空填trained。
14．A.basic B．enough
C．impossible D．strange
答案：A 根据该空格后的内容可知，心理学知识是所有培训的基本(basic)内容。
15．A.finally B．typically
C．luckily D．hardly
答案：B 根据该空格后列出的培训内容可知，这些都是比较有典型意义的培训内容，故填typically。
16．A.visit B．life
C．education D．money
答案：C 根据该空格后的“obtain a PhD in expressive therapy”可知，一些专家扩展教育(education)内容。
17．A.If B．Although
C．Unless D．Since
答案：B 虽然(Although)表达性艺术治疗很独特，但是临床目标与其他的心理健康行业是相似的(similar)。
18．A.unequal B．friendly
C．known D．similar
答案：D be similar to “与……相似”，符合语境。
19．A.goal B．profession
C．clinic D．theory
答案：A 根据该空格前一句中的“the clinical goal”可知，该空填goal。
20．A.unwelcome B．seasonal
C．positive D．cultural
答案：C 根据该空格前的growth可知，该空填positive符合语境。
[2]
I asked my grandpa what it feels like to grow old. He pondered (深思) this __1__ while he gazed out the window and looked at his yard, which has gone into a state of __2__ in recent years. Grandpa no longer possesses the __3__ to maintain its former splendor (光辉)．
Grandpa took a sip of his tea, still pondering my question on __4__. Then he asked me a question. “Have you ever been in a hot shower when the water ran __5__？”
I told him I had. “That's what aging __6__，” he says. “In the beginning of your life, it's like you're taking a hot shower. __7__ the water is too warm, but you get used to the __8__ and begin enjoying it. When you're __9__， you think it's going to be this way forever.
“__10__ you begin to feel it somewhere between your 40s and 50s. The water temperature drops just the slightest bit. You try to __11__ you don't feel it, but you still turn the faucet (龙头) up to stay __12__. But the water keeps going lukewarm. One day you __13__ the faucet can't go up any farther, and from here on the temperature begins to drop—you __14__ feel the warmth leaving your body.
“It's a rather __15__ feeling. The water is still pleasant, but you know it'll soon become cold and there's nothing you can do. I knew a few people who decided to __16__ the shower. They knew it was __17__ going to get warmer, so why prolong the inevitable (必然的)? I was able to stay in because I contented myself by __18__ the showers of my youth.”
Later on that day, after dinner, I saw him __19__ in the chair. I thought about waking him up but decided not to disturb him. I hoped he was __20__ the dreams of his youth and remembering the warmth of days gone by, the days before the water ran cold.
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。记住那些温暖的过往岁月，坦然面对岁月的流逝，生命的苍老。
1．A.result B．question
C．process D．method
答案：B 根据第一句可知，作者提出一个问题，故填question。
2．A.shock B．depression
C．decline D．emergency
答案：C 由下文可知，由于祖父没有精力(energy)去维持庭院昔日的光辉，所以庭院处于衰败(decline)的状态。
3．A.energy B．fortune
C．talent D．space
答案：A energy “精力”，符合语境。
4．A.loss B．aging
C．yard D．tea
答案：B 根据第一段第一句中的“grow old”可知，作者的问题是有关衰老(aging)的。
5．A.strong B．dry
C．short D．cold
答案：D 根据文章最后一段中的“ran cold”可知该空答案为D。
6．A.relies on B．comes up
C．slows down D．feels like
答案：D 根据下文可知，祖父认为那就是所谓的衰老，故填feels like。
7．A.At least B．Above all
C．At first D．After all
答案：C 根据该空格前的“In the beginning of your life”可知，该空填At first与之相呼应。
8．A.style B．life
C．heat D．treatment
答案：C 根据该空格前的“too warm”可知，填heat符合语境。
9．A.young B．poor
C．sick D．quiet
答案：A 根据第6空格后的“In the beginning of your life”可知，该空指当你年轻的(young)时候。
10．A.For B．But
C．So D．Or
答案：B 上文讲述年轻时的情形，下文给出40～50岁后的变化，前后之间为对比关系，故填But。
11．A.promise B．prove
C．pretend D．hesitate
答案：C 该空前提到，水温下降了一点。你却试着假装(pretend)感觉不到它的变化，仍然将水龙头开大，以期保暖。
12．A.calm B．warm
C．awake D．healthy
答案：B 此处表示保暖，所以选warm。
13．A.imagine B．regret
C．decide D．realize
答案：D 直到有一天你意识到(realize)那个水龙头无法再开大了，水温开始下降了，你逐渐(gradually)感觉到温暖离你而去。
14．A.gradually B．hardly
C．gratefully D．luckily
答案：A gradually “逐渐地”，符合语境，故选A。
15．A.definite B．helpless
C．glorious D．curious
答案：B 根据该空格后的“you know it'll soon become cold and there's nothing you can do”可知，明知水温将变冷，而你却什么事也做不了，这是一种相当无助的(helpless)感觉。
16．A.accept B．find
C．leave D．trust
答案：C 根据第17空格后的“why prolong the inevitable (必然的)? I was able to stay in”可知，有些人会选择离开(leave)淋浴，因为他们知道淋浴的水永远不会(never)再变暖了。
17．A.even B．never
C．ever D．often
答案：B never “永远不”，符合语境，故选B。
18．A.understanding B．admitting
C．breaking D．recalling
答案：D 祖父喜欢回忆(recalling)青春岁月。
19．A.sleeping B．sitting
C．reading D．working
答案：A 根据该空格后的“waking him up”可知，祖父在椅子上睡着了(sleeping)。
20．A.refusing B．explaining
C．dreaming D．forgetting
答案：C 作者希望祖父可以梦到(dreaming)他过往的青春梦想，记得那些温暖岁月。
强化特训10 议论文和说明文(二)(限时：35分钟)
[1]
What are you passionate about? I'm passionate about cycling. If I'm not __1__， I'm thinking about my next biking trip. When asked why I like biking, the answer is __2__： biking is a way of life for me. It gives me a sense of __3__ and accomplishment. I love having the liberty to jump on a vehicle that's completely __4__ by my own strength.
As a commuter, I find a bicycle to be the __5__ form of transportation. __6__， it is super environmentally friendly, economically friendly and compact. Parking is __7__ a problem. If __8__， I can simply carry it with me up the elevator or stairs. I also don't have to __9__ the crowds, nor do I have to __10__ or run for a bus or train. I'm on my own schedule.
Time on my bike __11__ me to reflect on the day and observe my surroundings. The ride is never __12__. On top of all this, I get exercise and __13__ stress! Usually one's destination is regarded as the most important part of a trip. But by bike more often than not, the __14__ is the more exciting part.
At first I biked for practical reasons. The idea of biking as a __15__， especially up a hill, made me cringe (退缩). I thought it would be too hard and too __16__. Why would I torture myself like that? __17__， after successfully ascending a hill on my first attempt, I was hooked. Now __18__ a couple of days pass and I haven't ridden up a hill, something doesn't feel right.
Invented in 1817, the bicycle still ranks as one of the best __19__ of all time. Personally, I think the bike should become society's main mode of transportation. __20__ how some of today's major problems might be solved. There would be less air pollution and fewer car accidents or traffic jams.
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。对于作者来说，骑自行车是一种生活方式，既让自己享有自由感，又有一种成就感。作者喜欢能自由自在地跳上一台完全靠自己的力量来驱动的交通工具的那种感觉。
1．A.thinking B．traveling
C．talking D．biking
答案：D 根据该空格前的“I'm passionate about cycling.”可知，该空填biking符合语境。
2．A.useful B．correct
C．simple D．logical
答案：C 根据该空格后的内容可知，作者喜欢自行车的原因很简单(simple)。
3．A.freedom B．duty
C．humor D．security
答案：A 根据该空格后的“love having the liberty to jump on a vehicle”可知，自行车是让作者完全可以靠自己的力量来驱动(powered)的一种交通工具，这让作者享有自由感(freedom)和成就感。
4．A.shared B．powered
C．examined D．repaired
答案：B power “驱动”，符合语境。
5．A.complex B．perfect
C．early D．rare
答案：B 根据该空后列举的一系列好处可知，作者认为自行车是完美的(perfect)交通工具。
6．A.To begin with B．By all means
C．As a result D．By the way
答案：A 该空引出自行车的第一个优点，故填To begin with。
7．A.often B．ever
C．never D．still
答案：C 根据下一句可知，停自行车从来都不(never)是一个问题。
8．A.not B．so
C．necessary D．practical
答案：C 如果有必要(necessary)，作者可以扛着自行车上电梯或楼梯。
9．A.deal with B．look into
C．point out D．rely on
答案：A 骑自行车让作者不必应对(deal with)人群，也不必等候或追赶公交车。
10．A.see B．miss
C．drive D．wait
答案：D 此处表示“等公交车”，故wait符合语境。
11．A.teaches B．allows
C．requires D．forces
答案：B 骑自行车的时间能让(allows)作者反思当天的事情，观察周遭环境。骑自行车的过程永远不会无聊(dull)。除此之外，作者可以锻炼并舒缓(relieve)压力。
12．A.happy B．dull
C．easy D．unique
答案：B dull “无聊”，符合语境。
13．A.create B．suffer
C．value D．relieve
答案：D relieve “减轻”，符合语境。
14．A.journey B．result
C．dream D．preparation
答案：A 根据该空格前的But提示可知，该空与前一句中的destination形成对比，故填journey。
15．A.goal B．chance
C．challenge D．decision
答案：C 根据该空格后的“made me cringe (退缩)”可知，作者不想把骑自行车当作一种挑战(challenge)。
16．A.surprising B．puzzling
C．tiring D．embarrassing
答案：C 根据第15空格后的“especially up a hill”以及hard可知，该空填
tiring符合语境。
17．A.Therefore B．However
C．Otherwise D．Besides
答案：B 该空前后两句意义上转折，故填However。
18．A.since B．although
C．unless D．if
答案：D 如今如果(if)几天过去，而作者没有骑车上山的话，就会感觉哪里不对劲。
19．A.designs B．selections
C．inventions D．instructions
答案：C 根据该空格前的Invented可知，该空填inventions。
20．A.Imagine B．Prove
C．Claim D．Explore
答案：A 根据该空格前作者的观点：作者认为自行车应成为社会的主要交通工具。接着作者让大家想象(Imagine)一下，通过这种方式可以解决多少当今的重大问题。
[2]
Why dogs eat grass
These summer days, when I take my dog Raja for a walk, he always wants to stop and eat grass. However, __1__ there are many other grasses nearby, he always __2__ wheatgrass.
I've read that dogs eat grass because they want to vomit (呕吐) or they are having digestive troubles. Raja __3__ to vomit. He will do anything to keep from vomiting, so that doesn't seem to be the __4__. I feed him pretty wet food, and he __5__ it very well, with well－formed stools (粪便). Digestive troubles do not seem to apply to Raja either. So I decided to __6__ a little bit into the __7__ dog literature to see what I could find.
One recent study approached grass eating in dogs with the hypothesis (假说) that grass may __8__ digestive distress (痛苦). In that study, the __9__ fed dogs a diet that produced loose, watery stools, to mimic (模拟) a condition of a mild digestive upset. They __10__ fed the dogs a standard diet that produced __11__ stools, and gave the dogs two types of grasses to eat during each experimental condition. The __12__ were that the dogs ate more grass when they were fed a standard diet than when they ate the diet that __13__ the digestive upset. So much for that hypothesis.
Then there's vomiting.
I found another __14__ that looked at whether dogs vomit more when they eat grass. In it, they surveyed 1,571 dog owners on the Internet and __15__ that 79 percent of the dogs ate grass, and of these, only 9 percent were __16__ before they ate the grass, and 22 percent vomited __17__ eating the grass. These results show that the vomiting hypothesis doesn't seem to be __18__ either. So why do dogs eat grass?
Ask yourself that question the next time you __19__ a delicious salad. My __20__ is ... because it tastes good.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。作者发现自己的狗很喜欢吃草，于是查阅了大量资料，希望能找到答案。
1．A.although B．unless
C．since D．because
答案：A “尽管(although)”附近还有许多别的草，但是，作者的狗Raja总是会走向(heads for)麦草。
2．A.looks at B．heads for
C．waits for D．gives up
答案：B head for “走向”，符合语境。
3．A.pretends B．fails
C．stops D．hates
答案：D 根据下文中的“He will do anything to keep from vomiting”可知，Raja “讨厌(hates)”呕吐。
4．A.concern B．process
C．answer D．detail
答案：C 结合上文中的“dogs eat grass because they want to vomit (呕吐)”和“He will do anything to keep from vomiting”可知，Raja吃草不是想呕吐，所以这个不是“答案(answer)”。
5．A.mixes B．digests
C．handles D．divides
答案：B 结合上文中的“I feed him pretty wet food”和下文中的“with well－formed stools (粪便)”可知，Raja“消化(digests)”得很好。
6．A.dig B．move
C．fall D．cut
答案：A 根据上文内容可知，作者没有找到答案，于是决定对有关文献做更深入的“探究(dig)”。
7．A.scientific B．descriptive
C．imaginative D．traditional
答案：A 根据下文中的study可知，作者查看的是“科学(scientific)”文献。
8．A.send B．produce
C．reduce D．further
答案：C 根据下文中的“In that study, the ... fed dogs a diet ... to mimic (模拟) a condition of a mild digestive upset.”可以推知，这一研究建立在狗吃草是为了“减轻(reduce)”消化痛苦的假说基础之上。
9．A.owners B．farmers
C．doctors D．researchers
答案：D 由上文中的study可知，“研究者(researchers)”给狗喂了一些容易引起它们腹泻的食物。
10．A.just B．even
C．thus D．also
答案：D 本句与上句是并列关系，他们“还(also)”喂了标准的狗粮。
11．A.normal B．fresh
C．smelly D．hard
答案：A 根据上文中的“fed the dogs a standard diet”可以推知，狗的排泄物应该是“正常的(normal)”。
12．A.secrets B．results
C．solutions D．ideas
答案：B 经过实验之后，研究者得出了“结果(results)”。
13．A.caused B．ignored
C．meant D．treated
答案：A 根据上文中的“produced loose, watery stools”可知，与标准的狗粮相比，这些食物容易“引起(caused)”狗肠胃不适。
14．A.post B．study
C．exercise D．course
答案：B 根据上文中的study可知，作者又找到了另一份“研究报告(study)”。
15．A.believed B．checked
C．found D．expected
答案：C 研究者通过调查“发现(found)”79%的狗都吃草。
16．A.anxious B．sick
C．hungry D．sad
答案：B 根据上文中的“digestive troubles”可以推知，有些狗“生病(sick)”之后会吃草。
17．A.if B．until
C．after D．before
答案：C 根据上文中的“before they ate the grass”可以推知，22%的狗吃草“后(after)”会呕吐。
18．A.interesting B．strange
C．impossible D．reasonable
答案：D 本段所列数据也表明上文中假说的内容“grass may ... digestive distress (痛苦)”不“合理(reasonable)”。
19．A.discover B．serve
C．eat ．cook
答案：C 根据下文中的“tastes good”可知，当你下次“吃(eat)”沙拉时，也可以问自己这个问题。
20．A.news B．argument
C．promise D．guess
答案：D 经过查阅科研文献，作者并没有弄明白狗吃草的原因，所以，他“猜想(guess)”也许狗吃草只是因为草好吃，就像自己吃美味的沙拉一样。
课件164张PPT。第3讲议论文和说明文 真题导练 过关检测 强化训练 本课结束
