新教材2019-2020学年上学期高一英语 寒假精练5Unit 4 Natural Disasters

一、单词拼写
1.
Men
must
consider
eating,
drinking,
clothing
and
finding
(避难所)
before
they
can
pursue
entertainment
and
recreation.
2.
The
small
action
of
littering
may
lead
to
(灾难)
for
small
animals
and
their
living
environment.
3.
Due
to
the
(旱灾)
in
Southwest
China,
millions
of
people
had
to
carry
water
from
far
away
places.
4.
The
news
of
the
(火山爆发)
in
Indonesia
is
being
broadcast
and
I
want
to
listen.
5.
What
I
learn
about
this
violence
is
that
it
has
caused
at
least
three
(死亡).
6.
While
I
was
cooking
supper,
the
(电)
went
off.
7.
Please
write
me
a
of
this
report.
8.
As
we
all
know,
fish
cannot
b
out
of
water.
9.
Fortunately
somebody
who
happened
to
be
passing
by
called
the
e
aid
immediately
the
traffic
accident
occurred.
10.
The
driver
who
died
in
the
accident
could
have
s
,
but
he
was
sent
to
hospital
too
late.
二、单项选择
11.
A
few
weeks
later,
the
first
buildings
______
had
been
damaged
were
repaired.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
where
D.
in
which
12.
Anything
_____
could
be
found
has
been
used
to
repair
the
damaged
bridge.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
what
D.
不填
13.
Past
winners
of
the
Nobel
Prize
in
physics,
_____
has
now
been
awarded
210
times,
have
been
honored
for
their
important
discoveries.
A.
who
B.
what
C.
that
D.
which
14.
Opportunity
and
luck
always
shows
appreciation
for
those
_____
are
bold
in
struggling.
A.
who
B.
that
C.
whom
D.
which
15.
The
helicopter
arrived
on
the
scene
quickly
to
the
survivors.
A.
keep
B.
rescue
C.
shake
D.
protect
16.
The
U.S.
state
of
California
has
_______
a
heavy
flood
for
a
whole
week
since
June,
which
brought
dangerous
conditions
to
many
Californians.
A.
affected
B.
contained
C.
suffered
D.
ruined
17.
Jackson
is
cheerful
about
his
life
________
he
is
suffering
from
cancer.
A.
even
if
B.
as
long
as
C.
as
if
D.
ever
since
18.
—Haven’t
you
heard
the
news
—What
news
—Some
of
the
workers
are
on
________
march
while
others
on
________
strike.
A.
the;
the
B.
the;
/
C.
/;
the
D.
/;
/
19.
The
_____
of
the
harmful
chemicals
on
the
world’s
lakes
and
oceans
has
raised
awareness
of
the
public.
A.
effect
B.
effort
C.
donation
D.
distribution
20.
A
new
study
shows
older
men
________
a
lack
of
deep
sleep
are
nearly
twice
as
likely
to
develop
high
blood
pressure.
A.
suffering
for
B.
who
is
suffering
C.
who
suffer
from
D.
who
suffer
to
三、翻译
21.如果你想通过考试，你就得专心学习。（bury）
_______________________________________________________________________________
22.看到医生的账单我很震惊。
_______________________________________________________________________________
23.如果你举起那只箱子，你会受伤的。
_______________________________________________________________________________
24.那个城市现在成了一片废墟。
_______________________________________________________________________________
25.我给他提了几条建议，但他根本不理会。（think...of）
_______________________________________________________________________________
四、阅读理解
On
a
cold
winter
day,
many
years
ago,
a
French
art
teacher
named
Pierre
Chevalier
got
on
a
train
in
Lyon
to
go
to
Paris.
When
he
started
his
journey,
he
didn’t
know
that
it
was
the
beginning
of
almost
40
years
of
accidents
and
near
death
experiences.
During
the
journey,
the
train
fell
into
an
icy
river,
killing
12
passengers.
Chevalier
managed
to
swim
back
to
the
river
bank.
He
only
had
a
broken
leg.
Two
years
later,
Chevalier
was
on
a
plane
from
Paris
to
Moscow
when
a
door
suddenly
opened
and
he
fell
out.
A
few
minutes
later,
the
plane
crashed(坠毁);
27
people
were
killed.
Chevalier
was
so
lucky
that
he
landed
in
a
haystack(干草堆).
A
few
years
later,
he
was
hit
by
a
bus,
but
again
had
no
serious
injuries.
Then
a
year
after
that,
he
was
driving
on
a
mountain
road
when
he
saw
a
truck
coming
straight
at
him.
He
drove
the
car
off
the
road,
jumped
out,
landed
in
a
tree—and
watched
his
car
fall
100
metres
down
the
mountain.
“There
are
two
ways
you
can
look
at
it,”
Chevalier
said.
“I’m
either
the
world’s
unluckiest
man,
or
the
world’s
luckiest.”
When
a
reporter
asked
Chevalier
what
he
thought,
he
chose
the
“luckiest”
one.
Two
years
ago,
aged
71,
Chevalier
bought
his
first
lottery
ticket(彩票)
in
50
years
and
won
more
than
2
million.
After
this,
a
TV
company
in
America
said
they
wanted
him
to
make
an
advertisement.
At
first
he
accepted,
but
then
he
changed
his
mind.
Chevalier
said
he
wouldn’t
fly
to
Los
Angeles
for
the
filming,
because
he
didn’t
want
to
push
his
luck.
Who
knows
If
he
had
accepted
the
invitation,
maybe
he
would
have
had
another
accident.
But
Mr.
Chevalier
is
a
lucky
man.
If
he’d
had
another
accident,
he
probably
would
have
survived
that
too!
26.
In
the
train
accident
many
years
ago,
Chevalier
________.
A.
didn’t
get
injured
at
all
B.
was
lucky
enough
to
be
alive
C.
was
finally
pulled
out
of
the
river
D.
was
the
only
passenger
to
survive
27.
Why
did
Chevalier
refuse
to
make
the
advertisement
A.
Because
he
had
won
?2
million.
B.
Because
he
didn’t
want
to
leave
home.
C.
Because
he
didn’t
want
to
risk
his
life.
D.
Because
he
didn’t
like
the
TV
company.
28.
The
text
mainly
talks
about
________.
A.
a
man
with
nine
lives
B.
the
unluckiest
man
in
the
world
C.
a
man
who
traveled
around
the
world
D.
a
man
who
earned
?2
million
in
a
lottery
五、语法填空
The
Notre
Dame(巴黎圣母院)
fire
It
feels
as
though
the
very
heart
of
France
and
the
soul
of
Europe
have
been
broken.
The
fire
of
Notre
Dame
in
Paris
29
Monday
evening
was
an
act
of
blind
and
terrible
destruction,
30
(cause)
great
emotional
pains
to
us
all.
We
all
share
France’s
terrible
loss.
The
fire
struck
31
(quick)
and
uncontrollably.
It
gathered
force
with
huge
power.
Much
of
the
roof
and
the
central
building
caught
fire.
After
an
hour
or
so,
the
Paris
firefighters
were
able
32
(get)
part
of
the
fire
under
some
degree
of
control
and
to
protect
other
33
(part)
of
the
building
that
may
survive.
As
night
34
(fall),
the
great
west
towers
still
stood
against
the
sky,
proud
but
hurt.
The
Notre
Dame
is
the
symbol
of
the
French
capital
and
of
France
itself.
It
35
(be)
in
its
place
since
the
12th
century.
It
is
world
famous
not
simply
as
a
Parisian
building
but
through
the
36
(write)
of
Victor
Hugo,
37
made
the
building
itself
come
alive
in
his
novel
Hunchback
of
Notre
Dame.
We
believe
the
Dame
will
rise
again
in
time.
This
terrible
fire
is
not
an
event
that
should
38
(ignore)
or
quickly
forgotten.
We
stand
with
France
in
its
hour
of
heartbreak.
We
will
never,
ever,
turn
away.
一、单词拼写
【答案】
1.
shelter
2.
disaster
3.
drought
4.
volcanic
eruption
5.
deaths
6.
electricity
7.
summary
8.
breathe
9.
emergency
10.
survived
二、单项选择
11.【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：几周后，第一批受损的建筑物被修复。此处buildings是先行词，指物，在后面的定语从句中作主语，且序数词修饰先行词，用that引导定语从句，故选B项。
12.【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：任何能找到的东西都已经被用来修理损坏的桥梁。句中先行词为anything，在定语从句中作主语，故只能用关系词that，故选B项。
13.【答案】D
【解析】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：由于取得的重大发现，过去的诺贝尔物理学奖得主被授予荣誉称号。该奖项截止目前已经颁发了210次。分析句子可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词the
Nobel
Prize
in
physics在从句
_____
has
now
been
awarded
210
times中充当主语，故用关系代词，而在非限制性定语从句中不能使用that，故用which。故选D项。
14.【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：机会和运气总是青睐那些敢于奋斗的人。先行词those指代人，在从句
_____
are
bold
in
struggling中充当主语，应用关系代词who/that，但先行词是those时为了避免重复，不用that。故选A项。
15.【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：直升飞机迅速赶到现场营救幸存者。A.
keep：保持；B.
rescue：营救；C.
shake：摇动；D.
protect：保护。根据on
the
scene“在现场”和survivors“幸存者”，可知这里指“营救”人。故选B。
16.【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：美国加利福尼亚州自6月以来连续一周遭遇特大洪水，置许多当地人于危险境地。A.
affected：受影响；B.
contained：包括；C.
suffered：忍受，遭受；D.
ruined：毁灭。根据句意，遭遇了特大洪灾。故选C项。
17.【答案】A
【解析】考查连词。A.
even
if：即使，虽然；B.
as
long
as：只要；C.
as
if：似乎，好像；D.
ever
since：从那时起。句意：虽然杰克逊身患癌症，但他对生活很乐观。两句之间是让步关系，故选A。
18.【答案】B
【解析】考查固定短语。on
the
march：在行军，在游行；on
strike：在罢工。故选B。
19.【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：有害化学物质对世界湖泊和海洋的影响提高了公众（对于环保）的意识。A.
effect：影响；B.
effort：努力；C.
donation：捐赠；D.
distribution：分配。根据句意选A。
20.【答案】C
【解析】现在分词、定语从句都可作定语，但是表达“遭受……”要用suffer或者suffer
from；所以排除A、D两个选项，B选项who
is
suffering中的who指的是men要用动词are，所以只能选C，who
suffer
from相当于分词suffering
from的作用。
三、翻译
【答案】
21.
You
have
to
bury
yourself
in
studying
if
you
want
to
pass
the
exam.
22.
I
was
shocked
at
the
doctor’s
bill.
23.
If
you
lift
that
suitcase,
you
will
be
injured.
24.
The
city
is
now
in
ruins.
25.
I
gave
him
some
advice,
but
he
thought
nothing
of
it.
四、阅读理解
【答案】26-28
BCA
【解析】本文介绍一个很幸运的男人Mr.
Chevalier，他是一个命非常大的人，总能幸存于难。
26.细节理解题。根据第二段中“During
the
journey,
the
train
fell
into
an
icy
river,
killing
12
passengers.
Chevalier
managed
to
swim
back
to
the
river
bank.
He
only
had
a
broken
leg”可知Chevalier在火车事故中只是断了一条腿，非常幸运地还活着。故选B。
27.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Chevalier
said
he
wouldn’t
fly
to
Los
Angeles
for
the
filming,
because
he
didn’t
want
to
push
his
luck”可知他不想冒生命危险。故选C。
28.主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“If
he
had
accepted
the
invitation,
maybe
he
would
have
had
another
accident.
But
Mr.
Chevalier
is
a
lucky
man.
If
he’d
had
another
accident,
he
probably
would
have
survived
that
too!”可知Mr.
Chevalier很幸运，是一个命非常大的人，总能幸存于难。故选A。
五、语法填空
【答案】
29.
on
30.
causing
31.
quickly
32.
to
get
33.
parts
34.
fell
35.
has
been
36.
writing
37.
who
38.
be
ignored
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。新闻报道的是巴黎圣母院发生的一场火灾，讲述了大火当时的火势，它给人们心里带来的伤害，以及巴黎圣母院在人们心中的重要性。
29.考查介词。句意：周一晚上巴黎圣母院的大火是一场无法想象且可怕的灾难，给我们造成了巨大的心理创伤。空格后是一个表示时间的名词短语，所以空格处填介词。当时间名词表示具体的某天上午、下午、晚上时，介词用on。Monday
evening指具体的周一晚上，故填on。
30.考查现在分词作状语。这句话的谓语动词为was，所以空格处填非谓语动词。句子主语the
fire（大火）与cause（造成）是主动关系，故用现在分词作结果状语。故填causing。
31.考查副词。句意：火灾来得迅猛，火势无法控制。空格后单词修饰动词struck，应用副词形式。故填quickly。
32.考查固定短语。句意：大约一小时后，巴黎消防队才在一定程度上控制住局部火势，保住了大教堂幸存的部分。由were
able可知，这里使用的是be
able
to
do（能够）这个固定短语。故填to
get。
33.考查名词的数。这句话中that
may
survive是一个定语从句的从句部分，根据主谓一致性原则，survive应与其主语在数上保持一致。由于survive用的不是第三人称单数形式，所以从句修饰的名词应用复数形式。故填parts。
34.考查一般过去时。句意：随着夜幕降临，巍峨的西部塔楼依然耸立，直入云霄，雄伟但脆弱。大火发生在过去，且fall是瞬间动词，所以此处用一般过去时。故填fell。
35.考查现在完成时。句意：自12世纪开始，巴黎圣母院就矗立在那里了。由since（自从）可知，这句话应使用现在完成时。主语it为单数形式，故填has
been。
36.考查名词。句意：巴黎圣母院闻名于世，不止是因为它是巴黎的一座地标，还因为维克多·雨果在小说《巴黎圣母院》中为这座建筑本身赋予了生命。空格位于定冠词the后，介词of前，应用名词形式。由句意可知，这里指雨果的《巴黎圣母院》的这本著作。故填writing。
37.考查定语从句。这是一个非限制性定语从句。先行词为Victor
Hugo（雨果），指人，且在从句中作主语。故关系词填who。
38.考查情态动词的被动语态。句意：人们不应忽略或迅速忘掉这场可怕的大火。这是一个that引导的定语从句，先行词为an
event，在从句中作主语，且与ignore之间是被动关系，故从句中谓语部分应使用被动语态。空格又位于情态动词后，故填be
ignored。