Module4—
have/has
got及some和any的用法
【概念引入】
I.
have/has
got的用法。
在英语中“there
be句型,have/has,have/has
got”都可以表示“有”。但是用法各不相同。本节课我们主要学习这几个“有”的区别。
Ⅱ.some和any的用法。
some和any都能用作形容词和代词,意思都是“一些”,都既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词;都能用作主语、宾语和表语。
例如:There
are
some
people
in
the
room.
房间里有一些人。
Have
you
got
any
tea
你有茶吗?
本单元我们要具体学习他们的区别和用法。
【用法讲解】
1.
have/has和have/has
got
1)在英国英语中,have/has
got表示“拥有”,主语是第三人称单数时用has
got,其余人称用have
got。
例如:I
have
got
a
book.
我有一本书。
She
has
got
a
bike.
她有一辆自行车。
变疑问句和否定句时直接把have(has)提到句首;肯定回答用“Yes,
主语+have/has”;否定回答用“No,
主语+
haven’t/hasn’t”。变否定句时,在have(has)后加not。
例如:—Has
Tom
got
a
new
car
—Yes,
he
has.
—No,
he
hasn’t.
2)在美国英语中,表示“拥有”用
have/has。当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have。
例如:We
have
a
lot
of
vegetables.
我们有很多的蔬菜。
She
has
a
piece
of
paper.
她有一张纸。
变疑问句或否定句都必须借助于助动词do或者does。第三人单数用does,其余人称用do。
例如:—Does
Tom
have
a
new
car
—Yes,
he
does.
—No,
he
doesn’t.
2.
have
和there
be的区别
have表示“拥有”,常用来表达所属或构成关系,主语多是人;而there
be结构通常表示“某处有某物(或某人)”,是表示存在意义的“有”,主语是紧跟其后的名词,而不是后面
的地点。
例如:I
have(got)a
new
dictionary.
我有一本新词典。
There
is
a
dictionary
in
my
bag.
我书包里有一本词典。
使用there
be结构时要注意三点:
(1)
there
be结构中的be必须和后面的主语(名词)保持一致。
例如:There
are
two
books
in
the
bag.
那个包里有两本书。
(2)
如果there
be结构中有几个名词(既有单数也有复数或不可数名词)作主语,be只与其后相邻的名词在数上保持一致。
例如:There
are
two
balls
and
a
cat
under
the
table.桌子底下有两个球和一只猫。
(3)不可数名词在there
be结构中作主语时,be要用单数形式。
例如:There
isn’t
any
milk
in
the
bottle.
那个瓶子里没有牛奶了。
3.
have
的其他意义
have可以和不同的名词搭配表示不同的意义。
例如:have
a
meeting(开会),have
a
class(上课),have
supper(吃晚饭),have
a
good
time(过得愉快)等,这时的have已不再是“有”的意思了,因此变疑问句、否定句时,只能借助do或does来构成。
例如:We
don’t
have
a
meeting
on
Sunday.
我们星期天不开会。
Does
she
often
have
lunch
at
home
她经常在家吃午饭吗?
4.
some和any的基本用法。
some和any
既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词,但是some常用在肯定句中,而any则常用在否定和疑问句中。
例如:There
is
some
water
in
the
bottle.
瓶子里有一些水。
We
haven’t
any
fruit
in
the
fridge.
我们的冰箱里没有水果了。
5.
some和any的特殊用法。
1)在表示请求和渴望得到肯定回答的疑问句中,表示“一些”时用some不用any。
例如:
Would
you
like
some
apples
你想吃些苹果吗?
Could
I
have
some
bread
我能吃些面包吗?
Would
you
like
some
coffee
你要不要来点咖啡
What
about
some
fruit
juice
来点水果汁如何
2)any用于肯定句中时,意为“任何”。
Any
classroom
in
our
school
is
clean
and
big.
我们学校的任何一间教室都又干净又大。
You
can
take
any
book
you
like.
你可以带走任何一本你喜欢的书。
【巩固练习】
Ⅰ.
用“have
(got)”或“there
be”的适当形式填空。
1.
We
_____
three
new
students
today.
2.
Kate’s
mother
_____
a
red
dress.
3.
_____
a
clock
on
the
wall
in
Jim’s
bedroom.
4.
_____
some
flowers
on
the
teacher’s
desk.
5.
_____
your
sister
_____
a
nice
bike
6.
_____
any
bread
in
the
box
7.
She
doesn’t
______
a
nice
kite.
8.
Under
the
tree
______
some
women
drinking
tea.
9.
_____
any
cakes
in
your
bag
10.
_____
you
_____
a
white
shirt
Ⅱ.
运用下列单词的适当形式完成句子。
1.
We
have
some______(onion)
for
dinner.
Because
they
are
healthy
food.
2.
They
have
got
_____(any)
pears.
3.
They
haven’t
got
______(some)
beef.
They
want
to
buy
some.
4.
Tom
has
got
twelve
_______(chicken),he
loves
them
very
much.
5.
We
haven’t
got
any
_______(melon).
6.
How
many
______
(people)
are
there
in
the
classroom
7.
I
have
got
two
_______
(tomato).
8.
How
many
_______
(banana)have
you
got
9.
They
haven’t
got
any_______(fruit).
10.
Have
we
got
______
(some)carrots
Ⅲ.
用some或any填空。
1.
There
isn’t
______
milk
in
the
fridge.
2.
I
can
see
______
cars,
but
I
can’t
see
______
buses.
3.
He
has
______
friends
in
England.
4.
Were
there
______
trees
on
the
farm
5.
-Would
you
like
______
tea
-No,
I’d
not
like
______
tea,
but
I’d
like
______
cakes.
6.
Do
you
want
to
take
______
photos
7.
Is
there
______
rice
in
the
kitchen
8.
There
are
______
new
buildings
in
our
school.
9.
-Are
there
______
pictures
on
the
wall
-No,
there
aren’t
_____
pictures.
10.
Here
are
______
presents
for
you.
Ⅳ.
单项选择。
1.
I
don't
have
a
ruler.
I
think
Li
Lei
_______one.
A.
have
B.
has
C.
there
is
D.
there
are
2.
—_______fifty
peoples(民族)in
China
—No.
There
are
fifty-six.
A.
Are
there
B.
There
are
C.
Is
there
D.
There
is
3.
Lucy
and
Lily
_______a
little
cat.
A.
has
B.
is
C.
are
D.
have
4.
On
the
teacher’s
desk
_______some
flowers.
A.
have
B.
there
is
C.
there
are
D
.has
5.
—How
many
students
_______in
your
class
—There
are
fifty.
A.
are
there
B.
is
there
C.
there
are
D.
there
is
6.—Are
there
________
shoes
under
the
bed
—
Yes,a
pair
of
shoes.
A.some
B.much
C.any
D.
many
7.—How
many
________
are
there
in
the
meeting
room
—There
are
four.
A.man
B.woman
C.people
D.
child
8.
—
Have
you
got
________
meat
in
the
fridge
—No.
We
must
go
and
buy
________.
A.some,
some
B.any,
some
C.any,
any
D.
some,
any
9.I
want
to
buy
three
________
milk
for
our
breakfast.
A.bags
of
B.glass
of
C.bottle
of
D.
cup
of
10.
Would
you
like
________
orange
or
a
pear
A.an
B.some
C.any
D.
a
【真题链接】
1.
There
_____
a
hospital
behind
our
school.(2019
北京四中期中)
A.
is
B.
are
C.
has
D.
have
2.—
Does
she
______
any
pencils
(2019
甘肃会宁期中)
—Yes,
she
______
three
pencils.
A.
have;
has
B.
have;
have
C.
has;
have
D.
has;
has
3.
I
have
black
________,
but
my
grandmother
has
three
white______.(2019
河北保定期中)
A.
hair;
hairs
B.
hairs;
hair
C.
hair;
hair
D.
hairs;
hairs
【答案与解析】
I.
用“have
(got)”或“there
be”的适当形式填空。
1.
have
got
2.
has
got
3.
There’s
4.
There’re
5.
Has;
got
/
Does;
have
6.
Is
there
7.
have
8.
there
are
9.
Are
there
10.
Have;
got
/
Do;
have
Ⅱ.
运用下列单词的适当形式完成句子。
1.
onions
2.
Some,
any
3.
any
4.
chickens
5.
melons
6.
people
7.
tomatoes
8.
bananas
9.
fruit
10.
any
III.
用some或any填空。
1.
any
2.
some
3.
any
4.
any
5.
some,
any,
some
6.
some
7.any
8.
some
9.
any,
any
10.
some
Ⅳ.
单项选择。
1.
B。本题考查某人有某物,由于主语是第三人称单数,所以用has。
2.
A。本题考查there
be句式的疑问句,主语是名词复数,所以选
are
there。
3.
D。本题考查某人有某物,由于主语是复数,所以用have。
4.
C。本题考查there
be句式,由于主语是名词复数,所以选there
are。
5.
A。本题考查there
be句式的特殊疑问句,即特殊疑问词后接一般疑问句,主语又是名词复数,所以选A。
6.C。由答语可知,床下面不是有很多鞋,因此排除B,D两项。some一般用在肯定句,any用在疑问和否定句中,故本题选C。
7.
C。由答语可知是对可数名词复数提问,所以只有C符合答案。people是集体名词,本身是复数概念。
8.B。some一般用在肯定句,any用在疑问和否定句。所以选B。
9.
A。尽管milk是不可数名词,但如果前面由表示容器的工具修饰时,表示容器的名词应该有复数形式,所以只有A为正确答案,three
bags
of
milk表示“三袋牛奶”。
10.
A。句意为“你要一个橘子还是要一个梨?”。表示征求对方的意见,由于orange和pear都是可数名词的单数,且orange是元音因素开头,所以选A。
【真题链接】
1.A。there
be句式表示“某处有某物”。句意为“我们学校后面有一家医院”。Hospital是可数名词单数,所以用be动词is。
2.A。考查某人有某物,主语是三单,用has,其他人称用have。第一个空由于does提前,所以用原形have。
3.
A。hair泛指“头发”,是不可数名词,如果作“几根白头发”讲,是可数名词。