牛津上海版八年级形容词副词—阅读综合类学案

八年级英语寒假班（牛津版）







(一) 形容词和副词的概述：
Presentation-形容词和副词
形容词是指那些用来描述或修饰名词（或代词）的一类词。一般放在其所修饰的名词之前。在句中用作定语、表语、补语、状语等。多数形容词具有比较等级。副词是用以修饰动词、形容词、句子以及其它副词的词。在形式上，许多副词带有后缀-ly。形容词、副词是中学英语重要语法项目， 也是中考重要考查内容。考查重点是：
1. 考查形容词与副词区别。形容词与副词均属修饰性词类，但因被修饰的内容有所不同而具备不同的用法，中考非常注重对此进行考查，在单项选择题中出现了大量此类试题。
①. 形容词的用法和位置
1） 形容词作表语，表明主语的性质和特征，放在连系动词之后。如： Computers are very useful in our everyday life.
Leaves turn yellow in autumn.


2） 形容词作定语，修饰名词或不定代词，通常放在名词之前，不定代词之后。如： This is an unhealthy diet.
There is nothing important in today’s newspaper.


3） 形容词作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，与其构成复合宾语。如： You should keep your classroom clean and tidy.
I found it difficult to get on well with the manager.


②. 副词的用法和位置
1） 副词修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示动作、状态的特征或某种性质的程度。根据其用途与含义，副词可分为下列六大类：
时间副词。常用的有：ago, before, now, then, soon, already, yet 等。
地点副词。常用的有：here, there, up, down, above, below, inside, outside 等。疑问副词。常用的有：where, when, why, how 等。
程度副词。常见的有：very, much, so, too, quite, enough 等。
方式副词。多由“形容词+ly”后缀构成。如：carefully, quickly, easily, quietly 等。

频度副词。常用的有：always, often, sometimes, usually, hardly, never 等。


2） 副词在句中主要用作状语。也可充当宾语、表语等。如： It’s snowing heavily outside. (状语，修饰动词)
I have never heard such a beautiful voice. （状语，修饰动词）
Unluckily, he failed in this physics exam again. （状语，修饰整个句子）
He was too excited to say a word. （状语，修饰形容词）
Class is over. （表语）
The weather here is different from that of Singapore. （定语）


3） 程度副词通常位于被修饰的形容词或副词之前，但 enough 则要放在后面。如：
It was much more freezing today than yesterday. He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch up with him. We got up early enough to catch the first bus.

4） 频度副词通常位于行为动词之前，be 动词、助动词和情态动词之后，但一般不放在句末。如：
I have never been late or class. You must always work like that.

2. 考查“级”的范围。两个事物进行比较应使用比较级，三个或三个以上事物进行比较应使用最高级。
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成分为三种类型：
1） 在大多数单音节词和少数双音节词的词尾加-er, est。
(1) 一般情况在词尾加-er, est。如：hard harder hardest
(2) 以字母 e 结尾的只加-r, st。如：large larger largest
(3) 以辅音字母+y 结尾的，先改 y 为 i, 再加-er, est。如：healthy healthier healthiest
(4) 单元音单辅音结尾的重读闭音节，先双写该辅音，再加-er, est。如：thin thinner thinnest
注：词尾为ow, er, le 结尾的双音节词都采用这种形式。如：
narrow narrower narrowest clever cleverer cleverest simple simpler simplest

2) 在多音节和部分双音节的词前加 more, most。另外，由过去分词转化而成的形容词，不论多少个音节都能用这种形式。如：
serious more serious most serious popular more popular most popular tired more tired most tired pleased more pleased most pleased

3) 不规则变化
good / well better best bad / ill / badly worse worst
many / much more most little less least
far farther / further farthest / farthest old older / elder oldest / eldest


3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的常用句型用法
①同级比较。常用句型为：
肯定结构：as + 形容词（副词）原级 + as 如：
否定结构：not so(as) + 形容词（副词）原级 + as 如：
Our garden is as beautiful as theirs.
Jane didn’t write as / so carefully as her elder sister.
上述本句型前可以有表示倍数或分数的修饰语，如：
This room is three times as large as that one.


② 程度不等的比较，常与 than 连用，其基本句型是：
A + 形容词（副词）比较级 + than + B 如： Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China. Which do you like better, strawberries or grapes?

③ 最高级。最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较，其结构是：
the + 形容词（副词）最高级 + 比较范围（of / among / in 短语）如:
Spring is the best season in Shanghai.
David is the cleverest among the three brothers. Tom jumps (the) farthest of all the students.
注：副词的最高级前加the 可以省略。
考查比较级、最高级的注意点① 同类事物进行比较。② 将主语排除在被比较的范围之外的比较，因为主语只能和他人或他物相比，而不能和自己相比。③ 使用最高级应将主语包含在最高级的范围之内，否则离开这个范围，主语便不能成为这个范围中的最高级。

1） 比较的对象应当一致。如：
EP: It’s hotter in Guangzhou than Beijing. (误)
It’s hotter in Guangzhou than in Beijing. （正）
A woman’s heart beats faster than a man. (误)
A woman’s heart beats faster than a man’s. （正）
2） 不能与自身相比较。应借助 other 或 else 来表达排除。如：
EP: Beckham is more popular than any football player in the world. (误)
Beckham is more popular than any other football player in the world. （ 正 ） Beckham is more popular than all the other football players in the world. （正） Beckham is more popular than any football player else in the world. （ 正 ） Beckham is the most popular football player in the world. （正）

4. 考查比较级的重要句型。
比较级与许多热点句型：from bad to worse/worse and worse（每况愈下）; more and more（越来越多的，越来越……）; the+比较级，the+比较级（越……越……）。
EP: A block of ice is becoming smaller and smaller.
I am more and more interested in history. The sooner, the better. (越快越好。) The busier he is, the happier he feels.

5. 考查比较级的程度修饰语。如：much, a lot, even, still, a bit, a little，far 等。
EP: This pair of shoes is even cheaper.
The new textbook is a little thicker than the old one. He is five years younger than I .

6. 考查易混形容词与副词的区别
EP: hard 努力的—hardly 几乎不 near 附近－nearly 几乎
high 高－highly 高度地 most 大多数－mostly 大部分
deep 深入地下的－ deeply 深深地 wide （眼，嘴）张的大大的－widely 广泛地
late 晚－ lately 最近，近来 close 靠近－ closely 亲密地


例题讲解
Choose the best choice (选择题)

1. The singer looked and she sang .★
A. beautiful...beautiful B. beautiful…beautifully
C. beautifully...beautiful D. beautifully…beautifully
2. What a cough! You seem ill.★
A. terrible; terribly B. terribly; terrible
C. terrible; terrible D. terribly; terribly
3. The teacher found him pupil.★
A. a not honest B. was an honest C. an honest D. is an honest
4. A: “This type of MP3 is really cheap!”★★
B: “The the better. I’m short of money, you see.”
A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest D. most cheap.
5. I think physics is difficult than English .★
A. very B. too C. much D. much more
6. Shanghai is among cities in the world.★★
A. larger B. the larger C. the largest D. largest
7. Pass my glass to me, Jack. I can read the words in the newspaper.★★
A. hardly B. clearly
C. really D. nearly
8. A:“Have you got my e-mail today?”★★★
B: “Oh, there is with my computer. It doesn’t work.”
A. something wrong B. anything wrong
C. nothing wrong D. everything wrong
9. A: “Does Wu Gang ever guess the meanings of English words?”★★★
B: “He guesses the meaning of new words. He uses his dictionary all the time.”
A. usually B. never C. always D. sometimes
10. Now the air in our hometown is than it was before. Something must be done to stop air pollution.★★★
A. much cheaper B. more better C. much worse D. more worse
【答案】1.B 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.A 9.B 10.C


II. 用括号内的适当形式填空：
1. They climbed up Mount Qomolongma . (success)
2. Allan was very (care) yesterday and broke one of his legs.

3. We have (little) rain this year than last year.
4. I think I can do much (well) in English than last year.
5. In the game you must keep your eyes . (close)
6. China is one of the countries with the (long) history.
7. Mary is the (fat) of the two girls.
8. That’s too expensive. Have you got anything . (cheap).
9. They looked at the master and felt quite . (angry)
10. English is used (wide) than French in the world.
【答案】1, successfully 2, careless 3, less 4, better 5, closed 6, longest
7, fatter 8, cheaper 9, angrily, angry 10, more widely




Read the passage and then choose the best answer. (根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案)
Many scientists think that the earth is getting warmer and warmer. If the change continues, the natural world and human society will face danger. Scientists believe human activity is responsible for the climate change. We produce too many greenhouse gases. They keep heat in the air and make the earth warm.
Many of the world’s governments agree. And they want to solve the problem. So from December 7 to 18, 2009, they held a conference in Copenhagen, Denmark to talk about global warming and climate change.
Representatives( 代 表 ) from 192 countries and regions went to the meeting. Although they have not reached an agreement, the Copenhagen Accord(《哥本哈根协议》)was an important beginning to save the
earth. It was made by a small group of countries including China, the US, India, Brazil and South Africa. Some other countries at the conference also showed support.
What are the key points of the Copenhagen Accord? The accord limits global temperature increases to 20C by 2050 compared to pre-1850. Scientists think it could help the world to avoid serious climate change.
The accord also says that developed countries must promise to cut greenhouse gas emissions(排放)to the UN by January 31, 2010. The accord asks developed countries to give money to help developing countries.
Many countries and organizations are disappointed that the conference didn’t reach a legal document(法律约定). And they think the accord is not clear enough about its goals.
African leaders are worried that the goal of a 20C global temperature increase isn’t good enough,
because it will mean a much higher increase in temperature across Africa. This could cause big problems like food and water shortages across the continent.
Still, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon believes the conference was an “improvement”.
“Finally we reached a deal,” Ban said. ‘The accord may not be everything everyone had hoped for, but this…is an important beginning.”


阅读目标： 文章脉络梳理和重点词汇句型学习文章脉络分析





1. What do scientists believe is responsible for the climate change?
A. Human activity B. Animals growing

C. Plants growing D. Too many people
【难度】★
【答案】A
【解析】这是一道细节判断题，从原文中的第一段第二行 Scientists believe human activity is responsible for the climate change.
2. The Copenhagen Conference was held .
A. from November 7 to 18, 2009 B. from December 18 to January 31, 2010
C. from December 7 to 18, 2010 D. from December 7 to 18, 2009
【难度】★
【答案】D
【解析】这是一道跟时间相关的细节判断题，从文中的这一句：So from December 7 to 18, 2009, they held a conference in Copenhagen。学生在做题时注意年份，月份具体的时间，容易粗心出错。
2. countries and regions took part in the Copenhagen meeting. A.18 B.20 C.192 D.205
【难度】★
【答案】C
【解析】这是一道细节题，从原文中的第三段：Representatives( 代表) from 192 countries and regions went to the meeting.
3. What did members of the Copenhagen Meeting NOT talk about?
A. Economic recovery (经济复苏) B. Global warming
C. Climate change D. Cutting greenhouse gas emissions
【难度】★★★
【答案】A
【解析】这是一道细节推断题，原文中所提到 the Copenhagen Meeting is the beginning to save the earth, 说明这次会议是跟环境保护有关的，B 项全球变暖，C 项气候变化，D 项减少温室气体的排放都是环境保护的措施，所以应该选A。
4. What’s the attitude（态度）of African leaders towards the goal of a 20C global temperature increase?
A. They are happy about it B. They don’t care much about it
C. They are worried about it D. They support it
【难度】★★
【答案】C
【解析】这是一道细节判断题，从原文中的第七段：African leaders are worried that the goal of a 20C global temperature increase isn’t good enough。判断出非洲领导人对这目标很担忧，所以答案应该选 C

5. What does the underlined word “disappointed” mean?
A. worried because something bad has happened
B. sad because something was not as good as they had hoped
C. afraid because of something terrible
D. upset because of changeable situation
【难度】★★
【答案】B
【解析】这是一道词义猜测题。A 是一些坏事情的发生，B 是因为事情没有预期的好，C 是因为可怕的事情，D 是因为多变的状况。根据原文中的第六段：很多国家和组织对于这个会议不能形成一个法律约定感到很失望。所以应该选择B。
6. Which is true about the Copenhagen Accord?
A. Developing countries must promise to cut greenhouse gas emissions.
B. Both developing countries and developed countries should not produce any greenhouse gases.
C. The EU agreed to give $3.6 billion to help developing countries.
D. The Copenhagen Accord isn’t a legal document, but it’s an important beginning to save the earth.
【难度】★★★
【答案】D
【解析】这是一道推断题。A，B，C 项都是细节知识，D 选项是文章最后一段所提出的观点，也是
the Copenhagen Accord 重要的一点，所以应该选D。


B. Choose the best words and complete the passage (选择最恰当的单词完成短文)
A couple of days ago, a brownish gray haze（雾霾） settled over Shanghai. It was, of course,
1 . There have been several days since then and some people are 2 that we may be the next city to catch up with Beijing, a city was slowly covered by a thick dirty brown haze.
The terrible pollution has not escaped the notice of foreigners in China, either. Recently a number of foreign talents have left China. Marc van der Chijs, a co-founder（共同创办人） of the Chinese Video site Tudou ( 土 豆 网 ), said one of the big 3 he is leaving China is that “the pollution is too heavy.”
Shanghai does have a pollution problem, but it is not unsolvable. There are new laws to restrict harmful emission from cars and the city is trying to use “green technology” in its new buildings, factories and energy plants. But it will take years 4 we see the wonderful changes.
In the meantime, we should try to protect ourselves, or at 5 not add to the pollution problem. We should pay attention to the city’s pollution alerts( 警 报 ) and wear masks on heavily polluted days. We should try to 6 our energy consumption( 消 耗 量 ). Remember: The more energy we

use, the more pollution we produce.

1. A) land pollution B) water pollution C) air pollution D) noise pollution
2. A) glad B) surprised C) excited D) afraid
3. A) reasons B) excuses C) explanations D) complaints
4. A) when B) after C) before D) since
5. A) least B) most C) first D) last
6. A) repair B) require C) reduce D) refuse
【难度】★
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. C




C. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（共14分）
Make the skies blue
The streets of Dalian, Liaoning were covered by snow a week before Spring Festival. However, instead of staying at home, Li Chunyuan, a Junior 1 student at No. 42 Middle School, went out with her classmates. They made posters by t 1 and called on people not to set off fireworks.
The students did this in order to r 2 air pollution. Since January, many cities in China have seen a lot of foggy days. In Beijing, only five days in January were free of smog (雾霾).
An official for the Ministry of Environmental Protection told Beijing News that PM2.5 pollution is the m 3 problem with air pollution.
Poor air has done harm to people’s health. Children and the elderly are more at risk. A report from Beijing Children’s Hospital shows that half of the p 4 had respiratory ( 呼 吸 道 的 ) problems from Jan. 5 to 11.
To respond to the air problem, the Chinese government and many Chinese people have started to take action. Beijing announced a plan to use clean fuel in government vehicles and plant trees. It a 5 asked citizens to set off fewer fireworks for the Spring Festival celebration.
They suggested that cars with large emissions (排放) should be banned (禁止) and factories should be closely watched. Three students from No. 4 High School in Beijing wrote a report to advise h 6

to fight the air pollution.
“We hope more people will j 7 us to protect our environment. With all our efforts, the blue skies will certainly return soon,” said Shi Yucong, one of the three students.
【难度】★★
【答案】 1. themselves 2. reduce 3. main 4. patients 5. also 6. how 7. join


D. Answer the questions. (根据短文内容回答下列问题)
The Green Belt Movement is a community-based group in Kenya. It aims to help protect the environment, mainly through planting trees.
The Green Belt Movement was started in 1977 by Wangari Maathai. When Wangari started the Green Belt Movement, she thought much about both people and the environment. She thought that if people grew the trees themselves, it would help them to understand the environment and develop their local cultures.
Today, the Green Belt Movement works like this. Members from the Movement go to communities to talk about tree planting and starting nurseries(苗圃). If the local people are interested, they can join the Movement as a group. When they join, they receive a lot of information about how to prepare the soil(土壤), and collect and grow seeds. When the people know what to do, they can collect seeds, plant them into seedlings(幼苗). When the seedlings are big enough, they will be planted on
farms. The Green Belt Movement pays the nursery money for each seedling that is still alive after three
months.
The Green Belt Movement now has over 6000 community nurseries in Kenya, and many more in other African countries. Over the last 30 years, it has planted more than 30 million trees in parks and on farms.
The Green Belt Movement also runs programs to help people start gardens and grow plants that are local to their area. This means that many communities can now take care of almost all their own food needs, and they can often make extra income as well.
In 2004, Wangari Maathai won the Nobel Peace Prize. Giving the prize to Wangari showed that peace doesn’t just mean stopping wars. It can also mean making the world a better place to live in.

1. What does the Green Belt Movement aim to do?


2. When was the Green Belt Movement started?


3. The Green Belt Movement opens schools to teach people tree planting, doesn’t it?



4. What can the nurseries get if the seedlings are still alive after three months?


5. How can many communities take care of their own food needs now?


6. Why was Wangari given the Nobel Peace Prize for starting the Green Belt Movement?


【难度】★★★
【答案】1. (It aims) to protect the environment.
2. In 1977.
3. No, it doesn’t.
4. Money.
5. By starting gardens and growing plants that are local to their area.
6. Because the organization helps make the world a better place to live in.

3、形容词-副词


形容词和副词专题


4、综合阅读

提出问题-地球变暖

组织哥本哈根会议

介绍参加会议的成员国

哥本哈根协议的主要内容

各成员国对于协议结果的担忧

阐述这份协议的意义只是个开始


课后作业