高中英语人教版选修6 Unit 5　The power of nature（课件+学案）

Unit 5　The power of nature
Section Ⅰ　Pre-reading (Warming Up & Reading)
课前预习自测
一份令人兴奋的工作
我的工作是世界上最伟大的工作。我跑的地方是稀罕奇特的地方，和我一道工作的人来自世界各地。(我们)有时在室外工作，有时在办公室里，有时工作中要用科学仪器，有时要会见当地百姓和旅游人士，但是我从来不感到工作烦人。虽然我的工作偶尔也有危险，但是我并不在乎，因为危险能激励我，使我感到有活力。然而，最重要的是，通过我的工作能保护普通百姓免遭火山的威胁——这是世界上最大的自然威力之一。
作为一名火山学家，二十年前我被派到夏威夷火山观测站工作。我的任务是收集有关基拉韦厄火山的数据资料，这是夏威夷最活跃的火山之一。收集和评估了这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科学家一起预测下次火山熔岩将往何处流去，流速是多少。我们的工作拯救了许多人的生命，因为在熔岩要流经之地，老百姓都可以得到离开家园的通知。遗憾的是，我们不能把他们的家搬离岩浆流过的地方，因此，许多房屋被熔岩淹没，或者焚烧殆尽。
　
当滚烫的岩石从火山喷发出来并撒落回地面时，它所造成的损失比想象的要小一些。这是因为在岩石下落的基拉韦厄火山顶附近无人居住。而像波浪一样顺着山坡慢慢下流的火山熔岩所造成的损失却大得多，这是因为火山岩浆所流经的地方，一切东西都被掩埋在熔岩下面了。然而，火山喷发本身的确是很壮观的，我永远也忘不了第一次看见火山喷发时的情景。那是在我抵达夏威夷后的第二个星期。那天我辛辛苦苦地工作了一整天，很早就上床睡觉了。我在熟睡中突然感到床铺在摇晃，接着我听到一阵奇怪的声音，就好像一列火车在我的窗外行驶一样。因为我在夏威夷曾经经历过多次地震，所以对这种声音我并不在意。我刚要再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。我赶紧跑出房间，来到后花园，在那儿我能远远地看见基拉韦厄火山。在山的一边有火山喷发，红色发烫的岩浆像喷泉一样，朝天上喷射达几百米高。真是绝妙的奇景！
就在这次火山喷发的第二天，我有幸作了一次近距离的观察。我和另外两位科学家驱车上山，到最靠近这次火山喷口的地方才下车。早先从观测站出发时就带了一些特别的安全服，于是我们穿上安全服再走近火山口。我们三个人看上去就像宇航员一样。我们都穿着白色的防护服遮住全身，戴上了头盔和特别的手套，还穿了一双大靴子。穿着这些衣服走起路来实在不容易，但我们还是缓缓往火山口的边缘走去，并且向下看到了红红的沸腾的中央。另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。
如今，我和当初从事这项工作时一样满怀热情。虽然我从事火山研究很多年了，但是我对火山的壮丽景色以及它那潜在的巨大破坏力至今仍然感到惊愕不已。
课堂合作探究
In your groups discuss ways human beings protect themselves from powerful natural forces.(教材P33)
在你们组内讨论一下人类保护自己免受自然威力伤害的办法。
?protect ... from ... 保护……免受……
①They huddled together to protect themselves from the wind.
他们挤在一起，免受风吹。
②Measures must be taken to protect the rare birds from being endangered.
必须采取措施保护稀有鸟类，使其免遭灭绝。
名师点津
与“protect ... from ...”结构相似的短语：
prevent sb./sth. (from) doing (用于被动语态时from不可省略)
stop sb./sth. (from) doing (用于被动语态时from不可省略)
keep sb./sth. from doing (from不可省略)
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①Troops have been sent to protect aid workers ________ attack.
②He asked to be put under police ________ (protect)．
答案：①against/from　②protection
课文预学检测
Ⅰ.Fast-reading
Read the text quickly and then try to write down the main idea.
The passage mainly tells us a ________ exciting job and his first sight of an________.
答案：volcanologist's; eruption
Ⅱ.Careful-reading
Choose the best answers according to the passage.
1．The writer doesn't mind the occasional danger of his job because ________.
A．he travels to unusual places and meets interesting people from all over the world
B．he likes the different ways of working
C．he thinks his job the most important
D．he is excited about dangers and feels alive
答案：D
2．Why does the lava that flows slowly down the mountain cause far more damage than the boiling rock that erupts from the volcano?
A．Because it buries everything in its path.
B．Because most people live near the top of Mount Kilauea.
C．Because the lava is in a higher temperature.
D．Because the volcanologists cannot predict it.
答案：A
3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The boiling rock which erupts from the volcano and crashes back to earth causes more damage than the lava.
B．The lava that flows slowly down the mountain causes far more damage than the boiling rock.
C．The eruption is not exciting to watch.
D．The author climbed down into the crater to collect information after the eruption.
答案：B
4．Why did the volcanologist run out of the house into the back garden?
A．Because his bed began shaking.
B．Because his bedroom suddenly became as bright as day.
C．Because he thought there was an earthquake in Hawaii.
D．Because he wanted to collect information about the eruption.
答案：B
5．What did the author do after he was appointed as a volcanologist?
A．He collected information about Mount Kilauea on the spot.
B．He analyzed the data and predicted where the lava would flow.
C．He persuaded people to move their homes out of the path of the lava.
D．He saved people who were covered with lava.
答案：A
课后演练提能
[基础题]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Don't worry. Your voice sounds ________ (绝对地) fine.
答案：absolutely
2．Mac was pedaling hard now. He ________ (挥舞) and yelled at passing cars but was careful not to slow down.
答案：waved
3．The piece of cloth will be cut up into three ________ (套装)．
答案：suits
4．They studied the German market to find the ________ (可能性) there for investment.
答案：potential
5．The ________ (实际的) cause of the quake is the breaking of rocks below the earth's surface.
答案：actual
6．　　　　 (爆发) of volcanoes is one way of producing this kind of rocks.
答案：Eruption
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．We humans are very weak when ________ (compare) with some natural disasters.
答案：compared　
2．An agreement was about to be reached ________ the other side raised new issues.
答案：when　
3．He protected his hands ________ the cold with gloves.
答案：from　
4．The sound of the cheering faded away ________ the distance.
答案：in　
5．I can't imagine myself ________ (teach) in front of that many people.
答案：teaching
6．(2018·菏泽期末)From my experience and according to my rough ________ (evaluate) I knew the price was too high for that jacket.
答案：evaluation
7．Growing vegetables looks easy, but ________ (actual) it takes a lot of time to learn.
答案：actually
8．(2018·辽宁抚顺期末)The robot is equipped ________ a monitoring camera (监控摄像头) and other hardware for facial and voice recognition.
答案：with
[能力题]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Could the Dangerous Underwater Volcano in Caribbean Cause a US Tsunami?
A team of scientists is exploring the darkest corners of a huge underwater volcano in the Caribbean in hopes of better understanding the mysteries of earthquakes and tsunamis, ultimately saving lives.
Kick'em Jenny is a dangerous and active volcano sitting roughly 6,000 feet below the surface of the Caribbean Sea, and located off the coast of the island of Grenada, south of St.Lucia.
Robert Ballard, famous for discovering the Titanic 12,000 feet below the surface of the icy North Atlantic in 1985, set his sights on exploring the Kick'em Jenny to study its eruption history and learn more about how underwater volcanoes can present a threat. Ballard said the Kick'em Jenny volcano has a history of explosive eruptions, which could have the potential to cause tsunamis, the effects from which could be felt as far away as the northeastern United States.
According to the US Geological Survey (USGS), the Kick'em Jenny volcano has erupted 10 times since 1939 with the most recent eruption in 1990. The conditions around the Kick'em Jenny volcano are so dangerous to humans that Ballard and his team relied on the Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) “Hercules”， a 5,000-pound submersible (潜水器), to be their eyes and ears inside the volcano. As Hercules moved downwards into the volcano, Ballard and his team watched the submersible's live cameras from a control room aboard the Nautilus.
After hours of searching, the team made a surprising discovery: life.
“It means that in places where we thought there was very little life existing on our plant, we've just opened up a whole other area where life seems to be thriving，” Ballard said. “A lot of the deep sea is sort of like something that you know you can think of as a desert. We just found an oasis (绿洲) in that desert.”
On its journey, Hercules took pictures of its surroundings, made maps and collected samples, including organisms (生物) living inside the volcano and even reaching inside the volcano to gather materials. Such discoveries on Ballard's trip could allow scientists to better understand the threats by underwater volca-nic eruptions.
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。科学家正在探索加勒比海海底一座巨大的火山与地震和海啸的关系，希望通过这个研究找到更好的方法来预测灾害，最终能够挽救更多的生命。
1．Kick'em Jenny caught the attention of some scientists ________.
A．because it is located off the coast of the island of Grenada
B．because it is usually thought to be strange and mysterious
C．because it caused the Indian tsunami ten years ago
D．because it is a dangerous and active volcano
答案：D　细节理解题。依据文章第三段和第四段的内容可知，D项正确。
2．It can be concluded from the passage that ________.
A．Kick'em Jenny is unlikely to erupt in a few years
B．Kick'em Jenny has been in peace since 1939
C．Kick'em Jenny will do great damage once it erupts
D．Kick'em Jenny is threatening the whole USA
答案：C　推理判断题。依据文章第四段中的“which could have the potential to cause tsunamis”可知，一旦Kick'em Jenny火山喷发，则可能引发海啸，因此可推知C项正确。
3．What can we infer by reading the passage?
A．It is surprising for scientists to find an oasis in the desert.
B．Hercules is regarded as the most advanced equipment.
C．The discovered organisms are the most striking species.
D．Hercules plays a key role in studying the underwater volcano.
答案：D　推理判断题。依据文章尾段可知，科学家们利用潜水器Hercules在水下火山周围拍照、绘图、取样等，这对科学家们进一步研究水下火山爆发给周围带来的威胁程度起着重要的作用。故选D项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2019·山东师范大学附中高三第二次模拟考试)A minister (牧师) was on a long flight. The first __1__ of approaching problem came when the sign on the airplane __2__ on: Fasten Your Seat Belts.
As the minister looked __3__ the aircraft, it became obvious that many of the passengers became __4__. Later, a voice over the intercom (内部通话系统) said “We are so sorry that we are unable to __5__ the meal at this time. The currents are ahead of us.” And then the storm broke. Lightning lit up the darkening skies, and __6__ moments the great plane was tossed (使动来动去) around.
The minister recalled, “As I looked around the plane, I could see nearly all the __7__ were scared. Then I suddenly saw a little girl. Obviously, the storm __8__ nothing to her. She was reading a book on her seat and everything within her small world was __9__. Sometimes she closed her eyes, then she would read again. Sometimes she straightened her legs, but worry and __10__ were not in her world.”
The minister could __11__ believe his eyes. It was not surprising, __12__， that when the plane finally reached its destination and all the passengers were hurrying to __13__ the plane, the minister came up to the girl whom he had __14__ for such a long time. Having talked about the storm, he asked why she had not been afraid.
The child replied, “That was because my __15__ was the pilot, and he would take me home.”
There are many kinds of __16__ that frightened us. Physical, mental, financial, domestic, and many other storms can easily and quickly __17__ our sky and throw our plane into apparently uncontrollable movement. We have all known such times, and let us be honest and accept, it is much __18__ to be at rest when our feet are on the ground than __19__ we are being tossed about a darkened sky.
Let us remember: Our father is the __20__. He is in control and taking us home. Don't worry.
篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章记叙了在飞机遭遇强气流的情况下，当大家都极其不安和恐惧的时候，有一个小女孩却展示出了无比的镇静。当有人问及原因时，她说飞行员是她父亲，她父亲正在带她回家。
1．A.suffering B．effort
C．warning D．chance
答案：C　根据第2空后的“Fasten Your Seat Belts.”并结合第二段内容可知，牧师在长途飞行途中，此时出现了问题的预警，故选C。
2．A.flashed B．tried
C．took D．put
答案：A　根据空格前的“when the sign on the airplane”可知，当时飞机上的警报灯闪烁，故选A。
3．A.over B．around
C．into D．at
答案：B　出现警报的情况下，牧师应是环顾四周，look around符合语境，故选B。
4．A.worried B．relaxed
C．annoyed D．inspired
答案：A　由常识可知听到预警后，大家都很担心，故选A。
5．A.buy B．cook
C．complete D．serve
答案：D　由设空后的“The currents are ahead of us.”可知，空姐在广播由于前方有气流，现在不能给乘客提供饮食。serve the meal “提供饮食”，符合语境，故选D。
6．A.of B．within
C．with D．after
答案：B　很快飞机就在雷鸣电闪中摇摆。within moments “不一会儿”，故选B。
7．A.passengers B．pilots
C．officials D．crew
答案：A　由第3空后的“passengers”可知，此处也指乘客，故选A。
8．A.presented B．brought
C．meant D．created
答案：C　根据空格后的“She was reading a book on her seat and everything within her small world”可知，牧师发现有一个小女孩很镇定地看书，暴风雨对于小女孩来说不意味着什么。meant “意味着”，符合语境，故选C。
9．A.likely B．friendly
C．deadly D．orderly
答案：D　根据第三段最后两句的描述可知，小女孩很镇定地在看书，暴风雨没有影响小女孩，在她的世界里一切秩序井然。orderly “有(秩)序的”，故选D。
10．A.fear B．knowledge
C．stress D．expectation
答案：A　根据空格前的“Sometimes she closed her eyes, then she would read again. Sometimes she straightened her legs”可知，但是她的世界没有担忧和恐惧。应从选项中选取“worry”的近义词，故选A。
11．A.suddenly B．gradually
C．hardly D．willingly
答案：C　看到小女孩如此的表现，牧师几乎不能相信自己的眼睛，故选C。
12．A.however B．therefore
C．otherwise D．instead
答案：B　由下文的描述可知，此处表示因果关系，指“因此，当所有乘客匆忙下飞机时，牧师却走向小女孩，就不令人感到惊讶了”，故选B。
13．A.drive off B．pull over
C．land on D．get off
答案：D　根据空格前的“when the plane finally reached its destination and all the passengers were hurrying”可知，飞机到达目的地后，受到惊吓的乘客赶紧下飞机，故选D。
14．A.watched B．attended
C．remarked D．complained
答案：A　由上文可知，牧师已经观察女孩很久了。watch “观察，观看”，符合语境，故选A。
15．A.uncle B．dad
C．brother D．cousin
答案：B　根据最后一段中的“Our father is the __20__. He is in control and taking us home.”可知，此处小女孩说的是飞行员是她爸爸，故选B。
16．A.accident B．quarrel
C．storm D．anger
答案：C　根据下文的“many other storms can easily and quickly ...”可知，作者感悟人生有很多暴风雨会吓坏我们。此处是比喻的说法，故选C。
17．A.destroy B．cover
C．darken D．break
答案：C　根据下文的“ ...throw our plane into apparently uncontrollable movement” 以及第19空后的“being tossed about a darkened sky”可知，很多暴风雨会使我们的天空乌云密布。darken “使黑暗”，符合语境，故选C。
18．A.easier B．softer
C．ruder D．tougher
答案：A　此处表述当我们脚踏实地时比我们在飞机上遇到暴风雨时要保持镇定更容易，故选A。
19．A.until B．when
C．unless D．if
答案：B　根据上文的“when our feet are on the ground”可知，这是在对比两个时候，所以用when引导从句，故选B。
20．A.student B．driver
C．minister D．engineer
答案：B　根据最后一段“Let us remember: Our father is the __20__. He is in control and taking us home.”以及第15空所在的句子作对照可知，父亲是会带我们安全回家的司机，故选B。
Ⅲ.短文改错
(2018·安徽省知名示范高中高三联合质量检测)
As we all know, we can meet with various challenges in our life. Facing with challenges, how should we do?
Last month, our class climbed Mount Tai, which was more than 1,500 meters above sea level. Lacking exercises, I thought that this activity was great challenge for me. I felt very exhausted halfway that I wanted to give up. See this, my classmates and even some strangers encouraged me. In the end, I managed to reach on the top of the mountain.
Therefore, don't give up in the face of challenges. If you are determined enough, it's certainly that you can overcome it.
答案：
难项分析：
第一处：Facing→Faced或删除with　考查非谓语动词。句意：面对挑战，我们该做什么？be faced with sth.为固定用法，故此处可用过去分词形式；又因face在此处为及物动词，故可删除with。
第二处：how→what　考查疑问副词。疑问词在句中作及物动词do的宾语，表示“做什么”，故用what提问。
第七处：See→Seeing　考查非谓语动词。句意：看到这种情况，我的同学甚至是一些陌生人都鼓励我。主语my classmates and even some strangers和动词see之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用Seeing。
课件76张PPT。Section Ⅰ　Pre-reading (Warming Up & Reading)课前预习自测课堂合作探究 课文预学检测课后演练提能 Section Ⅱ　The Language Points of Reading
课前重点检测
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1.diagram (n.) 图解；图表；示意图
2.volcano (n.) 火山
3.erupt (vi.) (指火山)爆发；突然发生→eruption (n.) 火山爆发；(战争等)爆发
4.questionnaire (n.) 问卷；调查表
5.alongside (adv.) 在旁边；沿着边 (prep.) 在……旁边；沿着……的边
6.equipment (n.) 设备；装备→equip (vt.) 装备；配备→equipped (过去式/过去分词)
7.appoint (vt.) 任命；委派→appointment (n.) 任命；委派
8.database (n.) 数据库；资料库
9.evaluate (vt.) 评估；评价；估计→evaluation (n.) 评估
10.wave (n.) 波浪；波涛 (vi.) 挥手；波动；起伏
11.fountain (n.) 喷泉；源泉 (vi.& vt.) 泉水般地涌出或喷出
12.absolutely (adv.) 绝对地；完全地→absolute (adj.) 绝对的；完全的
13.suit (n.) 一套外衣；套装 (vt.) 适合；使适宜→suitable (adj.) 适合的
14.potential (n.) 潜能；可能性；潜在性 (adj.) 可能的；潜在的
15.actual (adj.) 实际的→actually (adv.) 实际地
16.in_the_distance　　　　　 在远处
17.put_on 穿上；上演
18.get_close_to 接近
19.make_one's_way 前往
20.be_compared_with 与……相比
21.burn_to_the_ground 全部焚毁
22.out_of_the_way 不挡道，让路
23.be_covered_with 被覆盖
24.protect ... from 保护……免受
25.be_appointed_as 被任命为
Ⅱ.教材原句
1.I was appointed ________ a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago.
答案：as
2.Having collected and ________ (evaluate) the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.
答案：evaluated
3.I was about to go back to sleep ________ suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.
答案：when
4.It was an ________ (absolute) fantastic sight.
答案：absolutely
5.It was not easy to walk in these suits, but we slowly ________ (make) our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, boiling centre.
答案：made
6.The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this ________ (be) my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.
答案：being
7.Today, I am just as enthusiastic ________ my job as the day I first started.
答案：about
8.________ (study) volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.
答案：Having studied
课堂分段精讲
[第1段]
1.Sometimes working outdoors, sometimes in an office, sometimes using scientific equipment and sometimes meeting local people and tourists, I'm never bored.(教材P34)
(我们)有时在室外工作，有时在办公室里，有时工作中要用科学设备，有时要会见当地的百姓和游客。但我从来不感到工作烦人。
?equipment n．设备；装备
①We should make better use of the existing equipment.
我们应该更好地利用现有的设备。
②The soldiers were/are_equipped_with the latest weapons.
士兵们都配备有最新式的武器。
③The course is designed to equip students for a career in nursing.
此课程旨在使学生能够胜任护理工作。
名师点津
equipment 为不可数名词，没有复数形式，也不能直接加不定冠词。
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①The ________ (equip) of the photographic studio was expensive.
②The explorers were told to equip themselves ________ everything they would need for the voyage.
答案：①equipment　②with
2．However, the most important thing about my job is that I help protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful forces on earth—the volcano.(教材P34)
然而，最重要的是，通过我的工作能保护普通百姓免遭火山的威胁——这是世界上最大的自然威力之一。
?that引导的表语从句
[剖析]　这是一个复合句，句子的主语是the most important thing about my job, that在本句中引导表语从句。
①The problem is that he misunderstood me.
问题是他误解了我。
②My question is whether he left (or not)．
我的问题是他是否离开了。
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's ________I was born.”
②According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow. That is ________ we decide to put off the meeting.
答案：①where　②why
[第2段]
3．I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago.(教材P34)
20年前，作为一名火山学家，我被派到夏威夷火山观测站(HVO)工作。
?appoint vt.任命；委派
①They appointed him as/to_be captain of the English team.
他们任命他为英格兰队队长。
②It made sense to appoint a banker to_do this job.
指派一位银行家做这份工作是明智之举。
③A date for the meeting is still to be_appointed.
会议日期尚待确定。
④She had_an_appointment_with her accountant tonight.
今天晚上她和她的会计约好了见面。
⑤The appointed hour of the ceremony is drawing nearer.
既定的典礼时间就快到了。
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①I felt it a great honor to appoint me ________ president of the company.
②She made an ________ (appoint) for me to see the lawyer.
答案：①as　②appointment
4．Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.(教材P34)
收集和评估这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科学家一起预测熔岩将流往何处，流速是多少。
?evaluate vt. 评估；评价；估计
①We need to evaluate how well the policy is working.
我们需要对这一政策产生的效果进行评价。
②Our research attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of the different drugs.
我们的研究试图对不同药物的疗效进行评估。
③The_evaluation_of conduct involves some amount of generalization.
对操行的评价会含有一些泛泛之论。
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①They will first send some trained nurses ________ (evaluate) the needs of the individual situation.
②The results of this kind of ________ (evaluate) derive qualitative conclusions.
答案：①to evaluate　②evaluation
5. ... and many houses have been covered with lava or burned_to_the_ground.(教材P34)
……许多房屋被熔岩淹没，或者焚烧殆尽。
?burn to the ground 全部焚毁
①She has no place to live in because her house has been burned/burnt_to_the_ground.
她无处栖身，因为她的房子被烧毁了。
②The satellite re－entered the atmosphere and burned_up.
卫星重新进入大气层，烧成灰烬。
③Fire officials let the fire burn itself out.
消防官员让火自行熄灭。
名师点津
burn的过去式、过去分词有两种形式：burned, burned; burnt, burnt。
【即景活用】
单句写作
①两个孩子从燃烧的公共汽车里被救出后，公共汽车全部焚毁了。
After two children were rescued from the burning bus, it ______________________________.
②巴德死后6个月，这座房子被烧毁。
Six months after Bud died, the house ____________.
③你发烧了，看过医生了吗？
You're ______________. Have you seen a doctor?
答案：①was burned/burnt to the ground　②burned/burnt down　③burning up
[第3段]
6．The lava that flows slowly like a wave down the mountain causes far more damage because it buries everything in its path under the molten rock.(教材P34)
像波浪一样顺着山坡慢慢下流的火山熔岩所造成的损失大得多，这是因为火山岩浆所流经的地方，一切东西都被掩埋在熔岩下面了。
?wave n．波浪；波涛　vt.波动；起伏；挥手
图解助记
①The wind made little waves on the pond.
风吹得池水起了涟漪。
②She waves her hands about a lot when she's talking.
她说话时手总是摆来摆去的。
③The president waved_at the crowd from the steps of the plane.
总统在飞机的舷梯上向人群挥手。
④My mother cried when I waved_goodbye_to_her.
当我挥手向母亲告别时她哭了。
【即景活用】
单句写作
①在火车站，妈妈向女儿挥手，直到火车消失在视线外。
At the railway station, the mother ____________ her daughter until the train was out of sight.
②一阵恐慌传遍人群。
____________ panic spread through the crowd.
答案：①waved to　②A wave of
7．I was_about_to_go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.(教材P34)
我刚要再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。
?be about to do ... when ... 句式
[剖析]　此句为并列句，使用了“be about to do ... when ...”句式，其中when为并列连词。
①We were_about_to set off when it suddenly began to rain.
我们正打算动身，突然下起了雨。
②She was_on_the_point_of watching TV when there was a power failure.
她刚要看电视，这时突然停电了。
③I was_talking with Tom on the phone when Li Li waved to me.
我正在跟汤姆通电话，这时，李莉向我挥手。
④I had_just_laid down my luggage when Dad's strange voice aroused my attention.
我刚刚放下我的行李，这时爸爸奇怪的声音引起了我的注意。
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①The plane ________ (be) about to take off when I heard a scream.
②We were driving merrily ________ suddenly we had a burst tyre.
答案：①was　②when
8. ... I could see Mount Kilauea in_the_distance. (教材P34)
……在那儿我能远远地看见基拉韦厄火山。
?in the distance 在远处
①The noise of the car died away in_the_distance.
汽车的声音消失在远方。
②The painting can be only admired at_a_distance.
这幅画只能从远处欣赏。
③He is a distant cousin of mine.
他是我的一位远房表亲。
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①I heard the rumble of thunder ________ the distance, which meant another thunderstorm was on its way here.
②The time we spent together is now a ________ (distance) memory.
答案：①in　②distant
9．It was an absolutely fantastic sight.(教材P34)
真是绝妙的奇景！
?absolutely adv. 绝对地；完全地
①He's an absolutely brilliant pianist.
他是一位绝对出色的钢琴家。
②A sick person needs to have absolute trust in a doctor.
病人需要对医生有绝对的信任。
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①________ (absolute) terror possessed her.
②She knew ________ (absolute) nothing about feeding a baby.
答案：①Absolute　②absolutely
[第4段]
10．We had white protective suits that covered our whole body, helmets, big boots and special gloves.(教材P34)
我们都穿着白色的防护服遮住全身，戴上了头盔和特别的手套，还穿了一双大靴子。
?suit n. 一套外衣；套装　vt.适合；使适宜
①It is the convention for men to wear suits on formal occasions.
男子在正式场合穿套装是一种社会习俗。
②It doesn't suit you to have your hair cut short.
你不适合剪短发。
③He tried to suit his performance to the audience.
他尽力使自己的表演迎合观众的口味。
辨析：fit, suit与match
④I tried that dress on but it didn't fit.
我试穿了那条连衣裙，但不合身。
⑤It is a small house but it suits our needs.
这是一栋小房子，但它符合我们的需要。
⑥You can't match him in the skill of sculpture.
在雕塑技能方面，你无法与他相比。
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①You should suit your teaching methods ________ most of the students, which is important for them to improve their marks.
②This area is most ________ (suit) for growing wheat.
答案：①to　②suitable
11．It was not easy to walk in these suits, but we slowly made_our_way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, boiling centre.(教材P35)
穿着这些衣服走起路来实在不容易，但我们还是缓缓往火山口的边缘走去，并且向下看到了红红的沸腾的中央。
?make one's way前往
①Without experience in it, we have to feel_our_way.
由于在这方面没有经验，我们必须摸索着前进。
②Rivers find_their_way to the sea.
条条江河入海洋。
③The Great Wall winds_its_way across the north of China like a huge dragon.
长城像一条巨龙，在中国北方蜿蜒前进。
【即景活用】
单句写作
①在热带雨林待了数周之后，我们向营地进发。
After several weeks in the rainforest we ____________________ to our camp.
②这些老房子被拆除来盖一座新楼。
The old houses were knocked down to ____________________ a new building.
答案：①made our way　②make way for
12．The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this_being_my_first_experience,_I stayed at the top and watched them.(教材P35)
另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。
?“代词＋现在分词”构成的独立主格结构
[剖析]　句中but连接两个并列分句，在第二个分句中，this being my first experience是“代词＋现在分词”构成的独立主格结构，在句中作原因状语。
①The_weather_being_fine,_we have decided to go for a picnic.
天气很好，我们决定去野餐。
②Her_glasses_broken,_she couldn't see the words on the blackboard.
由于眼镜坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。
③So_many_people_to_help_him,_he is sure to succeed.
如此多的人要帮他，他一定会成功的。
④He came out of the library, a_book_under_his_arm.
他胳膊下夹着一本书，从图书馆里出来了。
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①The lecture ________ (give), a lively question-and-answer session followed.
②Weather ________ (permit), we'll go sightseeing.
③The work ________ (finish), they were allowed to have a rest.
④There ________ (be) no buses, they had to walk home.
答案：①having been given　②permitting　③finished
④being
[第5段]
13．Having studied volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.(教材P35)
虽然我从事火山研究很多年了，但是我对火山的壮丽景色以及它那潜在的巨大破坏力至今仍然感到惊愕不已。
?potential n．潜在性；可能性；潜能　adj. 可能的；潜在的
①There is much potential_for change.
变革的可能性很大。
②Education develops potential abilities.
教育能开发人的潜能。
③He hasn't realized his full potential yet.
他还没有意识到他的全部潜能。
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①All the top 8 guys have the potential ________ (do) anything here.
②Our common goal is to maximize our potential ________ economic growth.
③Lead is ________ (potential) damaging to children's health.
答案：①to do　②for　③potentially
课后演练提能
课后演练一
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2019·中央民族大学附中月考)School was over and I felt quite tired. I sat at the very __1__ of the crowded bus because of my anxiety to get home. Sitting there made me __2__ out like a shiny coin in a pile of dull pennies.
Janie, the __3__， tried to break the uncomfortable atmosphere by starting a __4__. I tried to mind my manners and __5__ listened, but usually I am too busy thinking about my day. On this day, __6__， her conversation was worth listening to.
“My father's sick，” she said to no one in __7__， but I could see the anxiety and fear in her eyes. “What's wrong with him？” I asked. With her eyes wet and her voice tight from __8__ the tears, she answered, “Heart trouble.” Her eyes __9__ as she continued. “I have already lost my mum, so I don't think I can stand losing him.”
I was __10__. My heart ached for her. And this reminded me of the great __11__ that my own mother was thrown into when her father died. I saw how hard it was, and __12__ is, for her. I wouldn't like anyone to __13__ that.
Suddenly I realized Janie wasn't only a bus driver. That was __14__ her job. She had a whole world of __15__ and concerns, too. I suddenly felt very selfish. I realized I had only thought of people as __16__ as what their purposes were in my life. I paid no attention to Janie __17__ she was a bus driver. I had __18__ her by her job and brushed her off as unimportant.
For all I know, I'm just another person in __19__ else's world, and may not even be __20__. I should not have been so selfish and self-centered. Everyone has places to go, people to see and appointments to keep. Understanding people is an art.
篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过叙述作者一次在放学回家乘坐的公共汽车上的经历，告诉我们做人不能太自我，也不要片面地去评价或衡量他人的价值。
1．A.side B．end
C．front D．middle
答案：C　结合下一句中的“Sitting there”及“like a shiny coin in a pile of dull pennies”可知，作者此时坐在公共汽车的前部，才显得像是一堆暗淡便士中的一枚闪亮硬币，故选C。
2．A.find B．take
C．think D．stand
答案：D　结合下文的“like a shiny coin in a pile of dull pennies”可知，坐在那儿，“我”就像是一堆暗淡便士中的一枚闪亮硬币，故stand out “显眼”符合语境。
3．A.doctor B．teacher
C．driver D．assistant
答案：C　在公共汽车上，应该是司机想打破沉默，且下文中的“I realized Janie wasn't only a bus driver”也是提示，故选C。
4．A.conversation B．topic
C．fire D．discussion
答案：A　司机想通过谈话打破不舒服的气氛，且第6空格后的“her conversation was worth listening to”也是暗示，故选A。
5．A.politely B．slightly
C．carelessly D．partly
答案：A　结合上文“mind my manners”可知，“我”应该是礼貌地听司机讲话，故选A。
6．A.otherwise B．instead
C．therefore D．however
答案：D　上文提及“我”经常在司机说话的时候想自己的事情，下文提及“her conversation was worth listening to”，故可推知，上下文之间存在转折关系，故选D。
7．A.surprise B．purpose
C．silence D．particular
答案：D　此处指她并没有特别对谁说。in particular “尤其，特别”，为固定短语，故选D。
8．A.fighting B．turning
C．clearing D．protecting
答案：A　由语境可知，司机非常痛苦，但是又不能当众哭泣，只能强忍着泪水。fight tears “强忍着泪水”，故选A。
9．A.opened B．lowered
C．closed D．shone
答案：B　由上下文可知，她父亲得了重病，她情绪低沉，当说出父亲所患的病的时候应该是低下眼帘，表示痛苦之情，故选B。
10．A.shocked B．relieved
C．recognized D．excited
答案：A　听到她父亲患重病，母亲又已经去世，“我”很震惊，故选A。
11．A.victory B．pain
C．respect D．disappointment
答案：B　根据常识可知，“我”母亲的爸爸去世给“我”母亲带来的应该是痛苦，故选B。
12．A.away B．seldom
C．never D．still
答案：D　根据“I saw how hard it was, and __12__ is, for her.”可知，“我”知道这对她来说是多么艰难，现在依然如此，故选D。
13．A.pick up B．go through
C．work out D．get down
答案：B　此处指“我”不想看到任何人经历同样的痛苦。go through “经历，经受”，故选B。
14．A.almost B．nearly
C．just D．ever
答案：C　此处指司机只是她的工作，故选C。
15．A.school B．factory
C．family D．friend
答案：C　根据上下文可知，此处指她也有自己的家庭和自己的忧虑，故选C。
16．A.far B．long
C．much D．well
答案：A　根据本句中的“I had only thought of people”及“what their purposes were in my life”可知，“我”意识到，“我”只是以人们在“我”生命中的作用来评判他们，故选A。as far as表示“就……而言”，符合语境。
17．A.while B．until
C．though D．because
答案：D　由前一句所述“我”以人们在“我”生命中的作用来评判他们可推知，“我”没有注意到她，是因为她只是一个司机，故选D。
18．A.judged B．received
C．considered D．criticized
答案：A　“我”不注意她，是因为她只是一个司机，所以此处指作者是根据职业来评判一个人的，故选A。
19．A.everyone B．anyone
C．someone D．nobody
答案：C　此处指在别人的世界里，“我”只是另外一个人，someone “某人”，故选C。
20．A.happy B．important
C．useful D．wise
答案：B　也许在别人的眼里，“我”也并不重要，故选B。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2019·浙江省“五校联考”第一次考试)Emoji might not be your first choice of communication in a disaster, but researchers feel they could make a difference during emergencies， where every second counts. Now, the Emoji-quake campaign is lobbying_for an earthquake emoji to be added to the Unicode set—the standard group of icons available on digital devices worldwide. The campaign aims to find an earthquake-appropriate design to be submitted to Unicode.
“Approximately up to one third of the world's population are exposed to earthquakes，” explains University of Southampton seismologist (地震学家) Dr Stephen Hicks, a founder of the campaign. “So we really want to be able to communicate to all of those regions, all of those different languages, and an emoji is an amazing way of doing that.”
Unlike many other weather and climate related events, where longer warning times or visible signs are available, earthquakes move incredibly quickly and are difficult to measure while they are still occurring. Populations in areas like Japan and Mexico are dependent on earthquake early warning technology, which issues an alert on digital devices and broadcast media. “You may have seconds to get under a table or to protect yourself，” explains Dr Hicks. “That can be life saving in many cases. Naturally you don't want too much wording in the warning message.”
Pictographs (象形文字) and other visuals like emoji have a track record of being faster and easier to understand than written information. Dr Sara McBride, a communications specialist, who is also part of the campaign, told BBC News, “Emoji can cross the boundaries of written languages, helping communicate valuable information to people who may struggle to read a certain language.”
The potential usefulness of emoji in emergencies could extend well beyond earthquakes. A team of designers also came up with emerji—an entire set of emoji dedicated to climate and environmental events.
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要叙述了以添加地震表情符号为目标的运动及该运动的创始人对其原因及意义的说明。
1．According to the passage, why did the campaign choose earthquakes as their target?
A．Because earthquakes threaten many people in different regions.
B．Because earthquakes are the easiest to be expressed by an emoji.
C．Because earthquakes are not difficult to measure while occurring.
D．Because earthquakes are the most destructive disasters in the world.
答案：A　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，地震在许多地方威胁着许多人的生命，故选A项。
2．Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “lobbying for” in the first paragraph?
A．Hope for. B．Enter for.
C．Appeal for. D．Run for.
答案：C　词义猜测题。第二段和第三段中地震博士Dr Hicks对此作出解释，目的是呼吁和说服将地震表情符号添加到统一的字符集里面。由此可知，画线短语与appeal for “呼吁，恳求”意思最为接近，故C项符合题意。
3．What can we infer from Dr Sara McBride's words about emoji?
A．Emoji benefits people with reading disability a lot.
B．Emoji is being used to convey valuable information.
C．Emoji can cross the boundaries of written languages.
D．Emoji is a universal language and helpful tool in communication.
答案：D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句话可推断出，表情符号是一种通用语言，是一种非常有用的交流工具。分析选项可知D项符合题意，因此选D项。
4．The best title of the passage should be “________”．
A．Could an emoji save our life?
B．What can emoji do in our life?
C．How is emoji changing our life?
D．Do we really know about emoji?
答案：A　标题判断题。第一段说表情符号可能不是你在灾难中沟通的第一选择，但研究人员认为还是会有作用的。接着下面讲述了一场以添加地震表情为目标的运动。地震学家Hicks博士为此作了很多的解释，想让人们相信表情符号能挽救生命。分析选项可知A项(表情符号能拯救我们的生命吗？)符合题意，故选A项。
1．emergency n. 紧急情况 2.count v. 有价值
3．campaign n. 活动；战役 4.extend v. 延伸，扩展
1．submit to 提交
2．be exposed to 面对；遭受；接触
3．issue an alert on 发布关于……的警告
B
(2018·新疆维吾尔自治区普通高考第一次适应性检测)Super-storm Sandy slammed into the eastern United States several years ago. The wind-driven water caused a lot of flooding, especially in the region's subway system. Now two teens have invented a device that could help prevent future subway floods.
In New York City alone, Super-storm Sandy caused an estimated $19 billion in damage. Much of the flood-waters entered the subway system through its ventilation grates (通风栅). Those metal grills usually lie at ground level. When the system is shut down ahead of a flood, engineers try to cover those grates with plywood (胶合板) and sandbags. But the flooding often washes away those measures, which allows water to flow into the tunnels. Raising those grates even a tiny bit above ground level would cost a lot of money. Other ideas have included building tall chimneys around the holes. That would raise the grates and cost a lot of money, too.
Kyle and Raymond came up with a different, less expensive idea. They designed a metal grate with a built-in, adjustable cover. When trains are running, one part of the grate slides open to bring in fresh air. But when the system is shut down, that part can be slid shut to completely block the grate.
Their grate is the same size as the grates used now. So, it would be simple, they say, to lift out the old grate and drop in a replacement. Their design includes tamper-proof features, which can prevent operation mistakes. They make sure that people don't intentionally shut off airflow during normal conditions. For people with the proper key, it would only take a minute or two to close the grate ahead of a flood.
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述几年前超级暴风雨“桑迪”猛烈袭击美国东部，造成了洪水灾害，当地的地铁被洪水淹没。为防止地铁再次被洪水淹没，两位少年发明了一种装置。
5．What's the second paragraph mainly about?
A．The steps to operate grates.
B．The measures to prevent flood.
C．The fun_ction of plywood and sandbags.
D．The disadvantage of present subway system.
答案：D　段落大意题。根据第二段第一句可知，据估计超级风暴Sandy仅在纽约市就造成了价值190亿美元的损失。文章接下来分析了超级风暴造成的洪水淹没地铁的原因：目前的地铁系统存在很大的弊端。故选D。
6．Which of the following words best describes the two teens' new invention?
A．Costly. B．Time-saving.
C．Practical. D．Conventional.
答案：C　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一、二句可知，他们使用的栅栏和现在使用的栅栏大小一样，所以很容易就可以把旧的栅栏取出来，放入一个替换栅栏；再结合最后一段最后两句可知，新的装置操作起来也很方便，故两位少年的发明很实用。故选C。
7．What's the purpose of designing the tamper-proof feature?
A．To replace the old grate correctly.
B．To close the grate ahead of a flood.
C．To ensure airflow in normal conditions.
D．To stop the train speeding up unexpectedly.
答案：C　细节理解题。根据最后一段第三、四句可知，设计干预防护的特点可以阻止操作失误，有了干预防护，他们确保人们不会有意地在正常情况下关掉空气流通的功能。故选C。
8．Where does the text most probably come from?
A．A news report.
B．An adventurous story.
C．An introduction to new equipment.
D．A guidebook to making grates.
答案：A　推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了两位少年发明了一种成本较低、简单实用的地铁防洪装置以及该装置的特点和优势，应该属于新闻报道类文章，故选A。
1．device n. 装置　　　2.intentionally adv. 故意地，有意地
1．shut down 关闭 2.come up with 提出；想出
课后演练二
[基础题]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．When you have filled in the q________， copy it and send the original to your employer.
答案：questionnaire
2．The town was reduced to a________ in the fighting.
答案：ashes
3．(2018·天津高考)Or, maybe all I would find was a________ nothing!
答案：absolutely
4．Huge w________ were breaking on the shore.
答案：waves
5．The e________ has left a thin veil of dust in the upper atmosphere.
答案：eruption
Ⅱ.选词填空
make one's way， be burned/burnt to the ground， be amazed at， enthusiastic about， take notice of， in the distance， suitable for， be equipped with， have an appointment with， wave to
1．We warmly ________ the welcoming masses.
答案：waved to
2．I ________ them in the evening.
答案：have an appointment with
3．Don't ________ what they say.
答案：take notice of
4．The Red Army ________ from the south of China to the northwest with great difficulties, which is called the Long March.
答案：made their way
5．I ________ her knowledge of French literature.
答案：was amazed at
6．You don't sound very ________ the idea.
答案：enthusiastic about
7．The house is not really ________ a large family.
答案：suitable for
8．The temple ________ in the war.
答案：was burned/burnt to the ground
9．You can see the mountains ________.
答案：in the distance
10．The rooms ________ video cameras to monitor everything in them.
答案：are equipped with
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．A man in the river was shouting and ________(wave) his arms around desperately.
答案：waving　
2．We were about to leave ________ it began to rain.
答案：when　
3．He ________ (appoint) as manager by the director for his wonderful performance in the past.
答案：was appointed　
4．He is unfortunate to have his house ________ (burn) to the ground.
答案：burned/burnt　
5．They equipped themselves ________ a pair of sharp axes and set off for the forest.
答案：with　
6．Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some ________ (have) a life span of around 20 years.
答案：having　
7．He's an ________ (absolute) brilliant cook.
答案：absolutely
8．The market situation is difficult ________ (evaluate)．
答案：to evaluate
9．The ________ (actually) cost was much higher than what we had expected.
答案：actual
10．________ (know) him for a long time and been a collector of his art, I had the opportunity recently to visit his gallery.
答案：Having known
Ⅳ.单句改错
1．The committee appointed him to be the chairman.
__________________________________
答案：去掉第二个the
2．It was getting dark and we made our way to home.
__________________________________
答案：去掉to
3．I was about to call him then he came himself.
__________________________________
答案：then→when或then前加and
4．His dinner was eaten, Tom walked straight into the classroom.
__________________________________
答案：去掉was或Tom前加and
5．She was late for the appointment. This is why she came across an old friend halfway.
__________________________________
答案：why→because
[能力题]
阅读理解
A
During a small earthquake, you will feel a little shaking. Pictures hanging on the walls might move back and forth. Dishes might rattle inside the kitchen cabinet. A lamp might possibly fall and break.
In a very strong earthquake, you might be thrown upward or down to the ground, Cracks might appear in the ground. Windows might be broken. Buildings and bridges might fall down. People might be injured or even killed.
Strong earthquakes often suddenly break electric wires. That means electric lights and machines will not work. Water pipes sometimes break, so people have no water to drink. Pipes that carry natural gas, and tanks that hold petrol and dangerous chemicals, can break and start fires.
Aftershocks are mini-quakes that come after the main part of an earthquake. They can cause even more damage. Aftershocks are especially dangerous for rescue workers who have gone into ruined buildings to help people who are trapped inside. The buildings can collapse,_trapping the rescue workers along with the people they are trying to help.
Very strong earthquakes can cause tsunamis in the ocean, which may bring great damage. Earthquakes can cause landslides where dirt and rocks slide down the sides of a mountain and damage buildings and hurt people. Earthquakes can also cause avalanches (雪崩) and heavy snow slide down a mountainside. An avalanche can be just as dangerous as a landslide.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了微震和强震的表现及其可能造成的破坏。
1．Which of the following results of a strong earthquake can't be concluded from the passage?
A．That strong bridges fall down.
B．That people have no water to drink.
C．That some dangerous chemicals flow out.
D．That dishes in the kitchen shake and make sounds.
答案：D　细节理解题。根据第一段对轻微地震及第二、三段对强震的描述可知，D项(厨房内餐具晃动并发出响声)是在轻微地震中出现的状况。
2．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Aftershocks are not as dangerous as the main part of an earthquake.
B．Aftershocks are even more dangerous than big earthquakes to the rescue workers.
C．Aftershocks always cause more serious harm than the main part of an earthquake.
D．Aftershocks are strong earthquakes following the main part of an earthquake.
答案：B　细节理解题。根据第四段对余震的介绍可知，对救援人员而言，余震比强震更危险。
3．The underlined word “collapse” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”．
A．fall down B．shake out
C．set up D．break through
答案：A　词义猜测题。第四段主要介绍了余震的危害，结合画线词后面的“trapping the rescue workers along with the people they are trying to help”可知，画线词意为“坍塌；倒塌”。
4．This passage is mainly about ________.
A．how earthquakes take place
B．what causes strong earthquakes
C．strong earthquakes and light ones
D．the types of earthquakes and their damage
答案：D　主旨大意题。文章提及了small earthquake, aftershock和strong earthquake以及它们带来的破坏，故D项切题。
1．rattle vt.& vi. (使)发出响声
2．aftershock n. 余震
1．back and forth 反复地；来回地
2．rescue worker 救援人员
B
Masses of floating ice are so large that they dwarf_your_ship,_making you question whether your ship still can be spotted among such floating mountains. They are so improbable looking that you simply look in wonder. It seems that nothing that large could be natural—and then it strikes you that something so large could only be natural.
Now, people realize that as climate change is raising global temperatures, more icebergs are being born. Antarctica creates far more of them than Greenland, the source of bergs in Arctic waters. Antarctica's are also much larger, sometimes reaching the size of small countries. Recent data shows the average atmospheric temperature has increased about 4.5oF in the western Antarctic Peninsula since the 1940s, making the region among the fastest warming on earth. This jump has been shown in the recent breaking of major ice shelves along the Antarctic Peninsula. As a result, thousands of new icebergs have broken off, from ice shelves into the Southern Ocean at an accelerated rate.
Even as more icebergs are being created, scientists are learning that these beauties are far from inactive masses of ice. In fact, they strikingly alter their environments biologically, chemically, and physically, making them islands of life in the open sea. Observers at sea had long remarked that they attract seals, and seabirds, and divers had noticed that fish are more numerous near them than in the surrounding sea. Now scientists are learning just what the attraction is all about.
Depending on their size, location, and the season, icebergs can be nurturers or destroyers. During their existence—typically years from breaking off from an Antarctic or Greenlandic glacier to their gradual melting as they float into lower altitudes, they support animals on, around, even inside their splendid ice castle. They fertilize the ocean with nutrients, increasing sea creature production. Grounded bergs can shelter areas of the seafloor, protecting bottom－living creatures from free-floating icebergs. However, large bergs can also trap sea ice, preventing its annual breakup and thus stopping phytoplankton (浮游植物) from getting life－giving sunlight, breaking the food chain at its first link ...
Icebergs will continue to astonish and attract visitors to the polar regions with their size and extraordinary beauty. But now these frozen masses are taking on a new dimension of wonder as we uncover their vital role in the environment of polar seas. No longer can we look at icebergs as mere passive beauties. They are active agents of change; each one is an icy oasis with awake of life as it floats on its unstoppable oceanic journey to melting.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。全文主要讲述了海洋中的冰山的形成过程，以及对海洋生物的影响。
5．Why does the author mention “dwarf your ship” in the first paragraph?
A．To explain how natural icebergs are.
B．To show how powerful icebergs are.
C．To describe icebergs as floating ships.
D．To tell the unimaginable size of icebergs.
答案：D　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中“Masses of floating ice are so large”可知D项正确。
6．What can we learn from the passage?
A．The temperature in Arctic is rising faster than that in Antarctica.
B．The ocean food chain breaks due to the melting of icebergs.
C．Floating icebergs help shelter bottom－living ocean creatures.
D．Global warming has kept bringing icebergs into being.
答案：D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句话可知，气候变化引起全球温度上升，导致冰山的形成。故D项正确。
7．From the passage we can conclude that icebergs can ________.
A．preserve ocean life
B．carry ocean nutrients away
C．create a warm polar environment
D．keep sea animals away from polar seas
答案：A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“They fertilize the ocean with nutrients, increasing sea creature production.”可知，冰川给海洋施肥增加营养，进而增加了海洋生物生产。故选A项。
8．What is the author's attitude towards the icebergs?
A．Cautious. B．Objective.
C．Doubtful. D．Disapproving.
答案：B　观点态度题。根据全文，作者仅是客观地阐释了冰山的形成对海洋环境的影响。故选B项。
课件153张PPT。Section Ⅱ　The Language Points of Reading课前重点检测 课堂分段精讲 课后演练提能 Section Ⅲ　Grammar——动词-ing形式的用法
课前语法感知
Ⅰ.教材语法感知
教材原句
①Sometimes working outdoors, sometimes in an office, sometimes using scientific equipment and sometimes meeting local people and tourists, I am never bored.
②Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.
③Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early.
④Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn't take much notice.
⑤Having earlier collected special clothes from the observatory, we put them on before we went any closer.
⑥Having studied volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.
⑦The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.
探究发现
(1)动词-ing形式有一般式(doing)和完成式(having_done)两种。
(2)动词-ing形式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作之间一般没有时间先后之分，如例句①。动词-ing形式的完成式所表示的动作通常先于谓语动词发生，如例句②、③、④、⑤和⑥。一般情况下，非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语，倘若非谓语动词有自己独立的逻辑主语，则构成独立主格结构，如例句⑦。
Ⅱ.真题语法感知
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)We will visit Disneyland Paris park, ________ (stay) until late to see the parade and the fireworks.
答案：staying
2．(2018·北京高考)A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, ________ (leave) me only two weeks to train.
答案：leaving
3．(2018·天津高考)He smiled, ________ (shake) his head.
答案：shaking
4．(2017·天津高考)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ________ (allow) more patients to be treated.
答案：allowing
5．(2016·浙江高考)I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do ________ (work) with students.
答案：working
6．(2016·天津高考)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, ________ (make) air conditioning unnecessary.
答案：making
课堂合作探究
一、动词-ing形式的时态、语态及意义
名师点津
动词-ing形式的一般式也可以表示先于谓语的动作，但是一般两者之间没有时间间隔，而其完成式则表示与谓语动词所表示的动作有明显的时间间隔。
【即景活用1】
单句写作
①站在山顶上，我发现下面的房子看起来像小玩具。
____________________________________， I found the houses below look like tiny toys.
②由于我正在使用，这辆自行车不能借给你。
____________ by me now, the bike can't be lent to you.
③排队等了半个小时，这位老人忽然意识到他把支票落在了车里。
____________________________________， the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.
④由于被交通阻塞耽搁，我晚到了一会儿。
________________ by the traffic jam, I arrived a little late.
⑤因为没有做好充分的准备，我们决定不接受挑战。
________________ full preparation, we decided not to take on the challenge.
答案：①Standing on the top of the mountain　②Being used　③Having waited in the queue for half an hour　④Having been held back　⑤Not having made
二、动词-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式作状语，与句子主语在逻辑上是主动关系，即句子主语是动词-ing形式表示的动作的执行者。
【即景活用2】
单句写作
①他正接受提问，感到有点紧张。
________________ to answer the question, he felt a bit nervous.
②他躺在草地上，久久地凝望天空。
He lay on the grass, ____________ the sky for a long time.
③他们坐在花园里，谈论着快乐的日子。
They sat in the garden, ________________________.
④杯子掉到了地板上，摔得粉碎。
The cup dropped onto the floor, __________________.
⑤因为没有被邀请参加宴会，怀特先生决定自己去看电影。
________________________ to the party, Mr White decided to treat himself to a movie.
答案：①Being asked　②staring at　③talking about the happy days　④breaking into pieces　⑤Not having been invited
课后演练提能
[基础题]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．________(find) the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.
答案：Finding　
2．It snowed heavily last night, thus ________ (cause) the traffic problems today.
答案：causing　
3．He sent me an e-mail, ________ (hope) to get further information.
答案：hoping　
4．________ (judge) from media reports, the result has been unclear.
答案：Judging　
5．Not ________ (receive) her e-mail, I wrote her another one, telling her what I wanted her to do.
答案：having received　
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Love is a beautiful song, brings us wild joy and happiness.
__________________________________
答案：brings→bringing
2．The last bus went, we had to walk home.
__________________________________
答案：went→having gone
3．Living in Beijing for many years, Tom knew the city well.
__________________________________
答案：Living→Having lived
4．Generally spoken, body languages are important in our daily life.
__________________________________
答案：spoken→speaking
5．Compared the sun with the earth, we find the latter is much smaller.
__________________________________
答案：Compared→Comparing
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．一般说来，汉语更为难学。
________________， Chinese is more difficult to learn.
答案：Generally speaking
2．因为在这个城市住的时间不长，我对它不很了解。
________________ in this city very long, I knew little about it.
答案：Not having lived
3．孩子们唱着跳着进了教室。
The kids entered the classroom, ______________.
答案：singing and dancing
4．别人给了她这样一个好机会，她怎么能轻易放过？
______________________ such a good chance, how could she let it get away?
答案：Having been given
5．看过所有的医学证据，我现在不碰软饮料了。
________________ all the medical evidence, I don't touch soft drinks now.
答案：Having seen
[能力题]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
During an earthquake, you should know what to do. If the earthquake strikes while you are inside a house, you should lie on the floor under a strong table or other furniture. If there is no furniture, you can cover your head with your arms and keep still in the corner of the room. You should keep away from windows, glass walls, or anything that can fall.
If you are in bed, hold firmly onto your bed and make use of a pillow to safeguard your head. You may use a doorway but only when it is close to you. It should also be considered whether it is strong enough to deal with the load.
If you are running out, do not use lifts, even if they work. Electricity may go out at any time. Many injuries happen when people try to rush out. This means you ought to stay in your house or perhaps wherever you are.
When you stay outdoors, you should stay far from buildings, power wires or lights. You should be in the open until the quake stops. Remember that many earthquake deaths outside the house come from falling apart walls, flying glass and other falling things.
If an earthquake strikes and you are driving, you should pull up to the side of the highway and stop as quickly as possible. You ought not to stop under trees, buildings or energy wires. Don't stop in the middle of the street as it could trouble others.
When trapped, you shouldn't move. Your mouth should be covered with a piece of clothing or a handkerchief. This is because it is possible for you to breathe in some dust. Do not shout whenever possible. You should only shout in the end to get help from rescuers.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在地震中我们应该怎样自救。
1．What is the writer's purpose of writing this passage?
A．To tell us the dangers of an earthquake.
B．To tell us what to do before an earthquake.
C．To tell us what to do when an earthquake strikes.
D．To tell us why running during an earthquake is dangerous.
答案：C　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“During an earthquake, you should know what to do.”可知选C项。
2．If there is no furniture in the room during an earthquake, you should ________.
A．lie still on the floor
B．stay near the window
C．keep still in the corner of the room
D．stay in the centre of the room
答案：C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“If there is no furniture, you can cover your head with your arms and keep still in the corner of the room.”可知C项正确。
3．According to the passage, during an earthquake, you had better not ________.
a．use a lift to escape B．stay outdoors
c．cut off electricity D．keep driving to escape
A．a，d B．b，c
C．a，b D．c，d
答案：A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If you are running out, do not use lifts ...”和第五段第一句“If an earthquake strikes and you are driving, you should pull up to the side of the highway and stop as quickly as possible.”可知选A项。
4．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．When to call out for help in an earthquake.
B．What to do when trapped in an earthquake.
C．How to make use of a handkerchief in an earthquake.
D．How to avoid breathing in some dust in an earthquake.
答案：B　段落大意题。根据最后一段中的“When trapped, you shouldn't move. Your mouth should ...”可知，最后一段主要讲的是在地震中被困住了该怎么做，故选B项。
1．furniture n. 家具 2.handkerchief n. 手帕
1．keep away from 远离…… 2.even if 即使
B
(2018·玉溪高二检测)In the second half of each year, many powerful storms are born in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean seas. Of these, only about half a dozen generate the strong, circling winds of 75 miles per hour or more that give them hurricane status, and several usually make their way to the coast. There they cause millions of dollars of damage, and bring death to large numbers of people.
The great storms that hit the coast start as innocent circling disturbances hundreds—even thousands—of miles out to sea. As they travel aimlessly over water warmed by the summer sun, they are carried westward by the trade winds. When conditions are just right, warm, moist air flows in at the bottom of such a disturbance, moves upward through it and comes out at the top. In the process, the moisture in this warm air produces rain, and with it the heat is switched to energy in the form of strong winds. As the heat increases, the young hurricane begins to turn around in a counter-clockwise motion.
The average life of a hurricane is only about nine days, but it contains almost more power than we can imagine. The energy in the heat released by a hurricane's rainfall in a single day would satisfy the entire electrical needs of the United States for more than six months.
Water, rather than wind, is the main source of death and destroying in a hurricane. A typical hurricane brings 6-to-12-inch downpours resulting in sudden floods. Worst of all is the powerful movement of the sea—the mountains of water moving towards the low-pressure hurricane center. The water level rises as much as 15 feet above normal as it moves towards shore.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了飓风的形成过程以及飓风给大自然和人类带来的巨大危害。
5．An ordinary tropical storm is called a hurricane when ________.
A．it occurs in the Caribbean seas
B．its winds reach 75 miles per hour
C．it makes its way to the coastline
D．its winds begin to circle on the sea
答案：B　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知热带风暴达到至少每小时75英里，这样就会形成飓风，有些还会登陆海岸。
6．The counter-clockwise movement of the hurricane is caused by ________.
A．the low-pressure area in the center of the storm
B．the force of waves of water
C．the increasing heat
D．the trade winds
答案：C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“As the heat increases, the young hurricane begins to turn around in a counter-clockwise motion.”可知，当热量上升，刚产生的飓风就开始以逆时针方向盘旋。
7．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about?
A．The hurricane is extraordinarily powerful.
B．The hurricane is used to generate electricity.
C．The hurricane can otherwise offer an unusual sight.
D．The hurricane can give people an unforgettable experience.
答案：A　段落大意题。第三段主要表述飓风所携带的能量是我们无法想象的。飓风的降雨在一天里所释放的能量就可以满足整个美国6个多月的电力需要。故A项切题。
8．What is the worst thing about a hurricane?
A．The rough water.
B．The violent winds.
C．The heat it gives out.
D．The length of its life.
答案：A　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Water, rather than wind, is the main source of death and destroying in a hurricane.”可知，水是飓风造成死亡和破坏的主要因素，而不是风。
1．disturbance n. 扰动；干扰
2．moist adj. 潮湿的
3．counter-clockwise adj. 逆时针(方向)的
4．release vt. 释放
1．make one's way to ... 朝……前进
2．trade winds 信风
Ⅱ.语法填空
There is good and bad news about the number of trees on our planet. The good news is __1__ there are seven times more trees than we __2__ (think). A few years ago, scientists estimated the world had 400 billion trees, but a new study makes a __3__ (calculate) that there are around three trillion trees. That's a three __4__ (follow) by 12 zeroes. But Dr Thomas Crowther told the BBC that this new number is unable __5__ (change) anything.
What is the bad news? Thousands of years ago, the earth had around six trillion trees. Human activity has cut the number of trees on the planet __6__ half. A good example of this is __7__ fact that Europe used to be one of the giant forests. Dr Crowther said people are __8__ (responsibility) for the loss of three trillion trees. Another 15 billion trees are lost each year because of deforestation (毁林) and farmland. The scientists said this figure is “__9__ (extreme) higher” than a century ago. Dr Crowther added, “This study highlights how much more effort __10__ (need) if we are to restore healthy forests worldwide.”
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
答案：1.that　2.thought　3.calculation　4.followed　5.to change　6.by　7.the　8.responsible　9.extremely
10．is needed/will be needed
课件57张PPT。Section Ⅲ　Grammar——动词-ing形式的用法课前语法感知课堂合作探究 课后演练提能 Section Ⅳ　Learning about Language & Using Language
课前预习检测
单词识记
1.candidate (n.) 候选人；候补者
2．precious (adj.) 贵重的；珍贵的
3．novelist (n.) 小说家→novel (n.) 小说
4．document (n.) 文件；证件
5．uncomfortable (adj.) 不舒服的；不舒适的→comfortable (adj.) 舒服的→comfortably (adv.) 舒服地→comfort (vt.) 安慰 (n.) 舒服
6．shoot (vt.) 射中；射伤→shot (n.) 射击；枪炮声
7．tremble (vi.) 摇晃；摇动；颤抖→trembling (n.) 颤抖；哆嗦
8．sweat (vi.) 出汗；流汗 (n.) 汗
9．anxious (adj.) 忧虑的；不安的→anxiety (n.) 焦虑；担心；渴望
10．panic (vi.& vt.) 惊慌；恐慌 (n.) 惊慌；恐慌→panicked (过去式/过去分词)
11．diverse (adj.) 多种多样的；不同的→diversity (n.) 多种多样
12．bathe (vi.) 洗澡；游泳→bath (n.) 洗澡
13．appreciation (n.) 欣赏；感激；感谢→appreciate (vt.) 欣赏；感激
14．guarantee (vt.) 保证；担保
短语完形
1.give_birth_to 　　　　　　 生育；分娩
2．have_a_gift_for 有……的天赋
3．vary from ... to ...由……到……不等
4．be_home_to ……的发源地
5．in_panic 惊慌地
6．at_first 起初
7．belong_to 属于
8．pick_up 拾起
9．glance_through 匆匆地看一遍；浏览
10．be_anxious_about 对……感到忧虑
语篇理解
根据课文内容填空
Changbaishan is China's largest nature reserve, __1__ people all over the world enjoy. The land varies in __2__ (high) and is home __3__ many rare plants and animals. The greatest __4__ (appreciate) in the reserve is Tianchi or the Lake of Heaven.
Tianchi is a lake that has formed in the crater of a dead volcano. In winter the surface __5__ (freeze) over. On the top of the mountain you are rewarded with the clear waters and the view of __6__ other 16 mountain peaks.
There are many __7__ (story) about Tianchi. Three young women from heaven __8__ (bathe) in Tianchi. After the __9__ (young) girl swallowed a fruit, she became pregnant and gave birth to a boy, who is the father of the Manchu people.
If you visit Tianchi with your loved one, don't forget to make a wish __10__ (guarantee) your love.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
答案：1.which　2.height　3.to　4.appreciation　5.freezes　6.the　7.stories　8.were bathing　9.youngest　10.to guarantee
课堂合作探究
The Language Points of Learning about Language
1．Having heard a scream, I rushed downstairs only_to_see my hostess lying unconscious on the floor, surrounded by her guests.(教材P37)
听到一声尖叫后，我冲到楼下，结果发现我的女房东躺在地板上，毫无意识，房客们围在她的周围。
?“only＋不定式”结构
[剖析]　本句中only to see是“only＋不定式”结构，该结构常在句中作结果状语，表示出人意料的结果。
①He lifted a rock only_to_drop it on his own feet.
他搬起石头却砸了自己的脚。
②He took the time to apply for the job, only_to_be_told he was not qualified.
他花时间申请这份工作，结果却被告知他资历不够。
③Carbon burns in oxygen or air, thereby forming carbon dioxide.
碳在氧气或空气中燃烧，因而形成二氧化碳。
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①After the war, Scarlett went home only ________ (find) burnt houses and abandoned farms everywhere.
②Burke knocked out Byrne, thus ________ (become) champion.
答案：①to find　②becoming
2．She was shot.(教材P37)
她被击中了。
?shoot vt. 射中；射伤
图解助记
①The murderer was_shot_in_the_back while trying to escape.
凶手试图逃跑时背部中枪。
②The soldiers are_shooting at the target.
士兵们正在朝靶子射击。
③The rose bush is putting out new shoots.
玫瑰花丛正长出新枝。
④We heard some shots in the distance.
我们听见远处有几声枪响。
名师点津
shoot的过去式/过去分词是shot。
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①“Don't move, or I'll shoot ________ you，” the policeman said seriously to the murderer.
②Two of her ________ (shoot) hit the centre of the target.
③The bird flew away and avoided ________ (shoot)．
答案：①at　②shots　③being shot
The Language Points of Using Language
1．I was so anxious and couldn't move at first.(教材P38)
起初我很焦虑，不敢动弹。
?anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的
①His brother is_anxious_for a new bike.
他的兄弟渴望有一辆新自行车。
②He was_anxious_not_to_be misunderstood.
他希望不被人误解。
③He is_anxious_that there should be no delay.
他非常希望不会出现延误。
辨析：anxious与eager
④He seemed anxious_about the meeting.
他似乎对这次会议忧心忡忡。
⑤There are plenty of graduates eager_for work.
有大量毕业生渴求工作。
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①They were all anxious ________ the result of the baseball game.
②She was anxious ________ (finish) school and get a job.
③My mother was filled with ________ (anxious) about my health.
④Residents are waiting for the decision ________ (anxious)．
答案：①about　②to finish　③anxiety　④anxiously
2．I felt very nervous and had to force myself not to panic.(教材P38)
我感到非常紧张，不得不强迫自己不要惊慌。
?panic vi.& vt.惊慌　n．惊慌；恐慌
①The banks were panicked_into_selling dollars.
银行正惊慌地抛售美元。
②The crowd panicked_over the sound of the guns.
人们听到枪声都感到惊慌失措。
③The small boy looked round in_panic.
小男孩惊慌地四下张望。
名师点津
panic的过去式/过去分词是panicked；现在分词是panicking。
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①The animals ________ (panic) over the forest fire.
②She got ________ a panic when she thought she'd lost the tickets.
答案：①panicked　②into
[第1段]
3．The land varies in height from 700 metres above sea level to over 2,000 metres and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals.(教材P39)
这里地面的高度从海拔700米到2,000多米不等，是多种多样稀有动植物的生长地。
?vary from ... to ... 由……到……不等
①Opinions on this matter vary greatly from person to person.
在这个问题上，每个人的观点大不一样。
②The menu varies_with the season.
菜单随季节而变动。
③A rich variety_of plants grow here.
这里生长着名目繁多的草木。
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①She took the job for ________ (vary) reasons.
②These fishes vary ________ weight ________ 3 pounds to 5 pounds.
③There is a wide ________ (vary) of patterns to choose from.
答案：①various　②in; from　③variety
[第3段]
4．When she picked_up the fruit to smell it, it flew into her mouth.(教材P39)
当她拿起水果来闻的时候，它飞进了她的嘴里。
?pick up 拾起；拿起；改善；接某人；接收(信号)；学会
①I'll pick you up at 5：00.
我五点钟来接你。
②We were able to pick_up the BBC World Service.
我们能收到英国广播公司国际广播节目。
③The insecticide might harm the flowers. Let's pick_off the insects by hand.
杀虫剂可能会伤害花朵。我们用手把虫捉下来吧。
④He picked_out the ripest peach for me.
他给我挑了个熟透了的桃子。
【即景活用】
单句写作
①我们第二天早晨开车去机场接苏姗。
We drove to the airport the next morning ____________ Susan.
②我被选中代表整个团队。
I have ________________ to represent the team.
答案：①to pick up　②been picked out
5．It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.(教材P39)
据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。
?“It is said that ...”结构
[剖析]　本句使用了“It is said that ...”结构，表示“据说……”的意思，it为形式主语，that引导的为主语从句。相当于people say that ... 的意思。该结构还可以改变成“Sb. is said to do ...”结构。但要注意根据动词不定式和is said动作之间的时间关系，使用不定式的一般式、进行式或完成式。
①They say he's a miser.
＝It_is_said_that he's a miser.
＝He_is_said_to_be a miser.
据说他是一个小气鬼。
②It_is_reported_that the temperature will decline sharply in one or two days.
据报告近一两天气温将明显下降。
③It_is_well-known_that China is one of the most prosperous countries in the world.
众所周知，中国是世界上最繁荣的国家之一。
④It_is_supposed_that the Prime Minister will visit Moscow next month.
据推测，首相于下月访问莫斯科。
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①It is required in the regulations ________ you should not tell other people the password of your email account.
②He is said ________ (invent) the sport of celebrity-watching.
答案：①that　②to have invented
[第4段]
6．If you are lucky enough to visit the Lake of Heaven with your loved one, don't forget to make a wish to guarantee your love will be as deep and lasting as the lake itself.(教材P39)
如果你有幸同你所爱的人去游天池，不要忘了许愿来保证你们的爱情像湖水一样深厚、持久。
?guarantee vt.保证；担保
①We guarantee_to_behave ourselves tomorrow.
我们保证明天好好表现。
②Surplus resources alone do not guarantee growth.
仅有富余的资源并不能确保发展。
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①We guarantee ________ (deliver) within a week.
②The watch is still ________ guarantee.
③We cannot guarantee ________ our flights will never be delayed.
答案：①to deliver　②under　③that
天上的湖(天池)
长白山在东北的吉林省，这个美丽的山区大部分是茂密的林区。长白山是中国最大的自然保护区，保持着它的原始状态，以供中国人民和世界各地的游客们欣赏。这里地面的高度从海拔700米到2,000多米不等，是多种多样稀有动植物的生长地。珍稀动物有白鹤、黑熊、豹子和虎。许多人到长白山来研究珍奇的动植物。另外一些人则是到山里来走一走，看看那些蔚为壮观的瀑布，或者在温水池里泡个澡。然而保护区里最令人欣赏的地方则是天池，或者说是天上的湖。
天池是一个深水湖，是由山顶一个死火山的火山口形成的。湖的海拔高度为2,194米，水的深度超过200米，到冬天湖面就全部结冰了。从路的尽头到山顶约需一个小时。你一到达山顶就会得到回报——你不仅可以看到天池那清澈如镜的湖水，而且还可以看到天池四周的16座山峰。
天池有着许多传说故事，其中最著名的是关于从天上下凡的三位少女的故事。她们在天池洗澡时，突然有一只鸟飞到她们的上方，把一个小小的水果扔在最年轻的姑娘的衣服上。当她拿起水果来闻的时候，它飞进了她的嘴里。姑娘吞食了这个果子，后来就怀了孕。过了一段时间，她生下了一个漂亮的小男孩。据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。
如果你有幸同你所爱的人去游天池，不要忘了许愿来保证你们的爱情像湖水一样深厚、持久。
课后演练提能
[基础题]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．When the wind blows, the leaves will t________.
答案：tremble
2．The police have warned the children not to b________ in the polluted river.
答案：bathe
3．Some hospital patients experience high levels of a________.
答案：anxiety
4．He injured his head and was u________ for one hour.
答案：unconscious
5．Living in big cities will put you in touch with people from d________ cultures.
答案：diverse
Ⅱ.选词填空
vary from ... to ... , glance through, give birth to, have a gift for, get into a panic, be anxious about, be rewarded with, a diversity of, be home to, pick up
1．The situation ________ slightly ________ country ________ country.
答案：varies; from; to
2．She ________ very ________ the safety of her daughter.
答案：is; anxious about
3．The boy is very clever and ________ art.
答案：has a gift for
4．Everyone who reached the summit ________ a magnificent view.
答案：was rewarded with
5．She ________ a baby last night.
答案：gave birth to
6．________ the text and then answer the following questions.
答案：Glance through
7．The old man ________ when he found the door was open.
答案：got into a panic
8．This nature reserve ________ different kinds of rare plants and animals.
答案：is home to
9．The bus ________ passengers outside the airport.
答案：picks up
10．The resolution is made after considering ________ opinions.
答案：a diversity of
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．Please accept this gift in ________ (appreciate) of all you've done for us.
答案：appreciation
2．　　　　 (spend) the past year as an exchange student in the UK, Jane appears more mature than most of her age.
答案：Having spent
3．An old lady came running to the bus stop, only ________ (find) the bus had gone.
答案：to find　
4．At the railway station, we all stood on the platform, ________ (wave) goodbye to Mrs Lee until the train was out of sight.
答案：waving
5．We guarantee ________ (replace) the broken door free of charge.
答案：to replace　
6．All the rooms are ________ (comfort) furnished.
答案：comfortably　
7．Two of her ________ (shot) hit the centre of the target.
答案：shots　
8．The sun began to rise in the sky, ________ (bathe) the mountain in golden light.
答案：bathing　
9．He ________ (panic) and ran as fast as he could to safety.
答案：panicked　
10．Alice is not performing now. She is said ________ (leave) the stage already and has become an official.
答案：to have left
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．我星期天到达海南，结果却发现杰克已先期抵达。
I reached Hainan on Sunday, ______________________ ahead of time.
答案：only to find that Jack had arrived
2．据报道，《红海行动》深受广大观众欢迎。
____________________ Operation Red Sea is popular with a large audience.
答案：It's reported that
3．谣言使许多投资者感到恐慌而抛售股票。
Rumors ________ many investors ______________ their shares.
答案：panicked; into selling off
4．我们不能保证飞机在雾天准点起飞。
We can't ________________________ punctually in foggy weather.
答案：guarantee that the plane will take off
5．假如你支付现金的话，我会不胜感激。
I would ____________ if you paid in cash.
答案：appreciate it
[能力题]
Ⅰ.完形填空
The year is 2094. It has been announced that comet (彗星) is heading towards the Earth. Most of it will miss our planet, but two pieces will probably __1__ the southern half of the Earth.
On 17 July, a __2__ which is four kilometers wide enters the Earth's __3__ with a massive explosion. About half of the piece is destroyed, but the __4__ part hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of __5__. The sea __6__ and a huge hole is made in the sea bed. Huge waves are created and spread out from the hole. The wall of water, a kilometer high, rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour. Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are __7__.
Before the waves reach South America, the second piece of the comet __8__ in Argentina. Earthquakes and volcanoes are __9__ off in the Andes Mountains. The shock __10__ move north into California and all around the Pacific Ocean. The cities of Los Angeles, San Francisco and Tokyo are completely __11__ by earthquakes. Millions of people in the __12__ half of the earth are already dead, and the __13__ won't be safe for long. Because of the explosions, the sun is __14__ by clouds of dust, and temperatures around the world fall to almost zero. Crops are ruined. The sun won't be seen again for many years. Wars __15__ as countries fight for __16__. A year later, no more than 10 million people remain __17__.
Could it really __18__？ In fact, it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth. Science shows that dinosaurs (恐龙) __19__ on the Earth for over 160 million years. Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a piece of heavenly object. The dinosaurs couldn't live through the cold __20__ that followed and they died out. Will we meet the same end?
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章假想了在2094年的一天，彗星的两个碎片撞击地球后，将会对地球上人们的生活有怎样的影响。
1．A.attack B．hit
C．beat D．damage
答案：B　彗星应该是“击中”地球，故应该是hit “击中；袭击”。文章倒数第三句也是提示。
2．A.piece B．comet
C．part D．half
答案：A　指两块碎片中的一块进入大气层。a piece与上一段中的two pieces相照应。
3．A.air B．environment
C．situation D．atmosphere
答案：D　此处指彗星碎块进入大气层，所以应用atmosphere。
4．A.rest B．other
C．remaining D．half
答案：C　该彗星石的一部分已经毁灭，剩下的(remaining)部分和地球相撞。rest不能作定语，只能用the rest of sth.。
5．A.sound B．voice
C．earth D．air
答案：A　以两百倍于声速的速度才符合科学常识和此处语境。
6．A.burns B．destroys
C．harms D．boils
答案：D　根据上下文可知，此处指大海沸腾起来，而不是燃烧起来。harm和destroy不合题意。
7．A.dead B．lost
C．drowned D．damaged
答案：C　好几百万人被淹死，表示瞬时发生的动作。而dead表示死亡状态，故选drowned，意为“淹死”。
8．A.enters B．comes
C．flies D．lands
答案：D　另一块彗星碎片降落在阿根廷境内。land “着陆”，符合语境。
9．A.sent B．set
C．caused D．made
答案：B　火山和地震被引发。set sth.off “引发某物”。
10．A.rocks B．waves
C．earth D．shakes
答案：B　shock waves “冲击波”，符合题意，而且在本段的第一句中已出现提示词“the waves”。
11．A.damaged B．changed
C．ruined D．injured
答案：C　由前文提到的冲击波的范围之广和下文提到的死亡人数可知，这些城市完全被毁灭。ruin “毁灭”符合语境，且本段倒数第四句也是提示。
12．A.southern B．northern
C．western D．eastern
答案：A　由第一段最后一句可知，这两块彗星碎片会击中南半球。
13．A.north B．south
C．west D．east
答案：A　前后两句应该为并列关系。上句是南半球的情况，则下句讲述北半球，符合句意。
14．A.colored B．hidden
C．polluted D．shut
答案：B　太阳被尘埃云所遮挡。根据下文“太阳再也看不到了”可知，答案选B项。
15．A.come out B．turn out
C．take place D．break out
答案：D　战争爆发应该用break out。
16．A.water B．money
C．food D．the earth
答案：C　由前文中“Crops are ruined.”可知，国与国之间会为争夺粮食而战。
17．A.on the moon B．on the comet
C．in the ocean D．on the earth
答案：D　一年后地球上仅仅存留着一千万人。
18．A.be true B．happen
C．hit the earth D．destroy the earth
答案：B　it指上文描述的事情，此句意为“这种事情真的会发生吗？”而非“这种事情可能是事实吗？”。
19．A.have been B．had been
C．were D．would be
答案：C　此处应用一般过去时描述过去的事实。句意：恐龙曾经在地球上生活过1.6亿多年。
20．A.day B．climate
C．earth D．weather
答案：B　恐龙不能度过这样寒冷的气候。climate “气候”；weather常指短期的天气，故选B项。
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The night the Titanic sank
From a high place on the ship, Fred Fleet, who worked on the Titanic, saw the iceberg (冰山) just a few hundred metres away. He rang the bell to warn the people driving the ship. __1__ Soon after that, one passenger, Major Peuchen, noticed that the ship wasn't straight in the water. But nobody listened to him.
__2__ Another ship—the Californian was about 30 kilometres north of the Titanic. When the Californian saw the iceberg, it stopped. It also sent a radio message to warn other ships in the area. At about 11：15, the Californian's radio operator turned off the radio, and went to bed. The Titanic sent a message back giving its position—wrongly! __3__
Soon after midnight, the crew (船员) of the Californian saw rockets going up into the sky from the Titanic. Their captain said, ‘Fireworks! __4__’ The radio wasn't turned on again, and the Californian didn't move. At 12：25 am on the Titanic, people began to get into the lifeboats.
At 2：20 am on April 15th the Titanic finally sank, Another ship, the Carpathia, heard the Titanic's last call for help. __5__ At 4：10 am, the Carpathia saw the Titanic's lifeboats floating on the dark water, and rescued the survivors. Later, the Californian turned the radio back on, and heard that the Titanic had sunk.
A．The accident happened at about 11：40.
B．Everyone was very proud of the Titanic.
C．The passengers of the Titanic are having a party.
D．It was 58 miles away, but it raced to help the ship.
E．But it was travelling too fast to stop, and it hit the iceberg.
F．Before the accident, the Titanic had received an ice warning.
G．A lot of people stayed on the ship instead of trying to escape.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章描述了泰坦尼克号沉没之夜发生的事。
1．E　由上文的“saw the iceberg (冰山) just a few hundred metres away”和下文的“the ship wasn't straight in the water”可知，冰山近在咫尺，虽已发现，但泰坦尼克号因速度过快还是撞上了冰山。
2．F　由下文的“the Californian ... sent a radio message to warn other ships in the area”可知，泰坦尼克号在撞击冰山前收到过警告。
3．A　由文中出现的时间节点11：15和第三段首句的“Soon after midnight”可知，泰坦尼克号于当晚11点40撞上了冰山。
4．C　由下文的“the Californian didn't move”可知，加利福尼亚号没有去营救，因为该船船长误以为泰坦尼克号上在燃放烟火，以为他们正在举办舞会。
5．D　D项中的“it raced to help the ship”与下文的“the Carpathia ... rescued the survivors”相呼应。
课件106张PPT。Section Ⅳ　Learning about Language & Using Language课前预习检测课堂合作探究 课后演练提能 Section Ⅴ　Writing
描写旅游景点
对应《同步写作跟踪突破》P18技法指导
描写旅游景点属于描写性说明文，所以它首先具备说明文的特点，即要按照一定的顺序(时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序等)和描写方法(先总后分、由整体到局部、由概述到细节等)来展开描写。其次，要重点突出，详略得当。写作时应重点描写旅游景点的特别之处，突出其独特的风景特色、历史典故、地理风貌、风土人情、传说故事、民族习俗或古迹名胜等，这样才能给读者留下深刻的印象。最后，语言要生动，富有感染力，使读者有身临其境之感且能激起其强烈的旅游欲望。
一、描写旅游景点类写作一般分为三部分
第一部分：整体介绍。交代清楚自己要介绍的对象是什么。
第二部分：按照一定的顺序具体描写景观，着重展示其最具有代表性的地方，使读者如睹其物，如临其境。
第三部分：总结景观魅力，希望读者能亲身体验该景观。
二、写作过程中的注意事项
1．合理安排说明顺序。在介绍方位时，最好按空间顺序来写，这样会使读者一目了然，在脑海中有一个清晰的方位图。
2．时态相对较为统一。多用一般现在时，如涉及到历史事件的描述，则用一般过去时。
3．自然景观与人文景观的有机结合。对自然风景进行描述，同时结合景观的历史及当地的风土人情、生态、环境保护等知识，以达到自然景观和人文景观的和谐统一。
4．抒发感情，融情于景。景点介绍不同于一般的说明文，在描写景物时可抒发个人情感。
黄金表达
①Located in ... , it covers an area of ...
②It lies in/to/on ... , covering an area of ...
③It has become one of the most popular tourist attractions for ...
④It is well known/famous for/as ...
⑤It has a population/an area of ... , with a history of ...
⑥The weather here gets neither too cold nor too hot all the year round.
⑦If you come here for a visit, you will have a chance to enjoy ...
⑧With its pleasant climate, rich natural resources and picturesque scenery, it is one of the major tourist cities in China.
⑨Known as ... , it attracts visitors from all over the world.
⑩A walk around ..., it is a feast for your eyes.
[典题演练]
写一篇短文介绍华山。要点如下：
1．华山位于陕西省华阴县，是我国著名的五岳(Five Sacred Mountains)之一；
2．华山有五座山峰，分别为东峰、西峰、南峰、北峰和中峰；
3．可以步行上山，也可乘索道(ropeway)或缆车(cable car)。
注意：1.词数120左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Mount Hua
　_______________________________________
　_______________________________________
　_______________________________________
　_______________________________________
　
谋篇布局
1．体裁：说明文
2．话题：旅游景点介绍
3．时态：一般现在时为主
4．人称：第三人称为主
5．结构
联想词汇
1．坐落于 __________________
答案：be located/situated in
2．国内外闻名 __________________
答案：be famous at home and abroad
3．吸引某人的注意力 __________________
答案：attract one's attention
4．很多 __________________
答案：a number of
5．参观 __________________
答案：pay a visit to
连词成句
1．坐落于陕西省华阴县，华山是中国五岳名山之一。
Mount Hua is located in Huayin county, Shaanxi Province, and it is famous in the world as one of the Five Sacred Mountains of China.
→Located in Huayin county, Shaanxi Province, Mount Hua is famous at home and abroad as one of the Five Sacred Mountains of China.(升级句)
2．到了山顶，你可观赏云海。
When you arrive at the top, you can see many clouds.
→Arriving at the top, you'll enjoy the sea of clouds.(升级句)
3．你可步行上山，也可乘索道或缆车，沿途可欣赏美景。
You can go there on foot, take the ropeway or ride in a cable car. You can enjoy beautiful scenes on the way.
→You can climb to the top on foot, take the ropeway, or ride in a cable car. The trip is fantastic, along which you can enjoy beautiful scenes.(升级句)
连句成篇
Mount Hua
Located in Huayin county, Shaanxi Province, Mount Hua is famous at home and abroad as one of the Five Sacred Mountains of China. It has five main peaks: the East Peak, the West Peak, the South Peak, the North Peak and the Middle Peak, each of which has an unusual story.
At the foot of the mountain, the waterfalls will first attract your attention. On the way to the top, you'll see a number of strange hills and unique rocks. Arriving at the top, you'll enjoy the sea of clouds. You can climb to the top on foot, take the ropeway, or ride in a cable car. The trip is fantastic, along which you can enjoy beautiful scenes.
Now it is attracting more and more people. Why not pay a visit here?
[跟踪训练]
(2019·河北衡水中学高三二调考试)假如你是一名英国学生Harry，有一位中国笔友Li Hua想了解一下你的家乡爱丁堡，请你根据提示回复一封电子邮件。
提示内容：
爱丁堡：苏格兰的首府，政治和文化中心。
人口：约46万。
面积：264平方公里。
地理位置：苏格兰 (Scotland) 的东南部。
交通：机场位于市中心，公共交通十分便利。
天气：气候温和 (mild climate)。
旅游：最受欢迎的旅游城市；古老建筑众多；每年吸引200多万名游客，是理想的度假胜地。
注意：1.词数110左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Li Hua，
How are things with you? Today I'm writing to tell you something about Edinburgh which you asked about in the last e-mail.
　_______________________________________
　_______________________________________
　_______________________________________
　
Yours faithfully，
Harry
[精彩范文]

[名师点评]
①With the airport lying ... 作者正确运用本单元所学核心语法独立主格结构作状语，表达简练流畅，准确达意。
②作者运用含有名词性从句以及现在分词短语作状语(wherever you are going using ... )的高级句式为本文亮点，可为本文添分。
③含主语从句的高级句式：What makes it unique is its splendid ancient ...体现了作者较高的语言驾驭能力。
[总评]
本文首先介绍了爱丁堡的地理位置、人口分布等基本情况，然后对其交通、旅游特色和名胜作了介绍，最后发出邀请。全文文笔优美，行文结构紧凑，用语恰当贴切。
课外拓展阅读——中国优秀传统文化专题练
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
These days, modern buildings are everywhere. But if you want to see __1__ life was back in the old days, China still has many beautiful water __2__ (town) to visit. CNN has chosen four of the country's most beautiful ones.
The village of Zhouzhuang in Jiangsu calls __3__ (it) “the oldest water town in China”. The village, which __4__ (build) in 1086, is crossed with canals. Taking a boat ride through town, the red lanterns might make you think of China's romantic past.
Hongcun, __5__ (fill) with lakes and beautiful Anhui－style buildings, is 900 years old. It was built to look like a big ox. Huangshan Mountain is the head; the town is the body and the bridges are legs.
Fenghuang in Hunan doesn't look like a bird, __6__ its name means “phoenix (凤凰)” in Chinese. The town is as beautiful as the __7__ (magic) bird. The stilted (吊脚的) buildings on each side of the Tuojiang River make the area look like a scene from __8__ postcard.
While most water towns are in the south, Shandong's Tai'erzhuang stands out in the north. The town __9__ (be) on the bank of the Beijing－Hangzhou Grand Canal. In the town, there are ancient bridges, a canal and temples, __10__ (make) you think of its past glory.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
答案：1.how　2.towns　3.itself　4.was built　5.filled
6．but　7.magical　8.a　9.is　10.making
课件26张PPT。Section Ⅴ　Writing
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1．appoint vt. 委派；任命
2．burn to the ground 全部焚毁
3．wave n. 波浪；波涛　vi. 挥手；起伏；波动
4．suit n. 一套外衣；套装vt. 适合；使适宜
5．make one's way 前往
6．panic n. 惊慌；恐慌　vt. & vi. 惊慌
7．vary from ... to ... 由……到……不等
8．guarantee vt. 保证；担保
Ⅱ.教材原句
1．I_was_about_to_go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.
我刚要再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。
2．The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this_being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.
另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。
3．Rewrite the sentence if_necessary.
如果必要的话，重写这句话。
4．Having heard a scream, I rushed downstairs only_to_see my hostess lying unconscious on the floor, surrounded by her guests.
听到一声尖叫后，我冲到楼下，结果发现我的女房东躺在地板上，毫无意识，房客们围在她的周围。
5．It_is_said_that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.
据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．We were having a meeting ________ someone broke in.
答案：when
2．Not ________ (get) a reply, he decided to call again.
答案：having got
3．________ (base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you'll regret it sooner or later.
答案：Basing
4．Dina, ________(struggle) for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
答案：having struggled
5．One reason for her preference for city life is ________ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.
答案：that
6．He got up late and hurried to his office, ________(leave) the breakfast untouched.
答案：leaving
7．________(stand) in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a new iPad.
答案：Standing
8．More highways have been built in China, ________(make) it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
答案：making
9．The party will be held in the garden, weather ________ (permit)．
答案：permitting
10．________ is believed that he will be successful in his business.
答案：It
课件19张PPT。重点词汇/教材原句/单句语法填空
单元重点知识回顾第五单元水平测试
　　考试时间：120分钟　　　满分：150分
第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
点击播放听力材料
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
Text 1
W：The sports meet starts at 8：00.
M：In order to get a good seat, we must arrive there fifteen minutes in advance.
1．When do the speakers plan to get to the sports meet?
A．At 7：45. B．At 8：00.
C．At 8：15.
答案：A
Text 2
W：Will you grab some peanut butter from the store, please? I want to make some cookies later.
M：Sure thing, honey. I'll grab some when I get coffee later. I think we're running low on milk, too.
2．What does the woman want from the store?
A．Cookies. B．Milk.
C．Peanut butter.
答案：C
Text 3
M：Did you get a present for Molly's birthday?
W：Yes. You know she loves to listen to Johnny Holden—she's got all his CDs—so when I saw this book all about his life, I knew that was the perfect present for her.
3．What are the speakers talking about?
A．A CD by Johnny Holden.
B．A present for Molly.
C．A famous musician.
答案：B
Text 4
W：I'm looking for a place to have my client's art show. We are really hoping to attract a large audience.
M：You should try the Fairmont Hotel. It's expensive to rent, but it's also right by the subway. It's super convenient.
4．Why does the man suggest the Fairmont Hotel?
A．For its price. B．For its location.
C．For its size.
答案：B
Text 5
M：Was the telephone ringing?
W：I didn't hear anything. Sometimes when the windows are open, you can hear the neighbors' phone ringing.
M：Well. I'm expecting an important phone call, and I don't want to miss it.
5．What is the man doing?
A．Waiting for a call.
B．Calling his neighbor.
C．Opening a window.
答案：A
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
Text 6
M：Hi, Rose. I just came back to my office. I went out to lunch. Anything new?
W：Dan, I'd like you to come home. The storm is really terrible.
M：What happened?
W：The storm blew down the power line: the electricity went off. The children are crying in the dark, and I don't know what to do.
M：Oh, dear. I'll call the electricity company in a minute.
W：Would you come back right now?
M：Well, I'm leaving the office in half an hour.
W：Remember to get some candles on your way back.
M：All right.
6．What is the woman telling the man about?
A．The big storm.
B．The sick kids.
C．The electricity company.
答案：A
7．What is the first thing the man is going to do?
A．To go back home.
B．To buy some candles.
C．To make a phone call.
答案：C
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
Text 7
W：Oh, I wish that bus would come! My feet are freezing! I suppose I've been here for ten minutes or so.
M：That's long enough in the winter.
W：This morning, the sun was shining ... even though they were predicting light rain.
M：But it started to snow one hour ago. They're still predicting two or three inches.
W：Well, I won't go into the office tomorrow. I'll just work from home.
M：What do you do?
W：I'm a lawyer. My office is around the corner.
M：Oh, I work in the same building, in that travel agency next to the lobby. I've seen you walk by several times. Stop in and have a cup of coffee sometime.
W：OK.
8．What's the weather like now?
A．Sunny. B．Snowy.
C．Rainy.
答案：B
9．What is the man's job probably?
A．A lawyer. B．A waiter.
C．A travel agent.
答案：C
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
Text 8
W：OK. Now, let's find a place to go for your holiday. Do you have any preferences ... France ... Italy?
M：Oh, not France. Last year it was absolutely packed with visitors. It was very noisy. We want somewhere quieter this year.
W：All right. Was it seven or ten nights you wanted?
M：Oh, ten, please.
W：Right. Well, let's start with Italy. Um, we've got ten nights for 345 pounds, from Manchester, on the sixteenth.
M：No, that's no good for me. We wouldn't get back till the twenty-sixth, and my wife's got to be back at work before that.
W：Um ... how about Sweden? That would be 470 pounds, from Manchester again, on the eleventh.
M：Well, that seems too much.
W：All right. How about Spain?
M：Oh, that sounds great. We've never been there.
W：Let's see now. We've got ten nights, from London, on the thirteenth, for 385 pounds.
M：Oh, wait a minute. We'd prefer a flight from the north somewhere, Manchester perhaps. Er ... OK, in this case, Sweden then.
W：All right.
10．Why doesn't the man like to go to France?
A．He's been there.
B．It is too noisy.
C．The time does not fit.
答案：B
11．How much does the tour to Spain cost?
A．345 pounds. B．385 pounds.
C．470 pounds.
答案：B
12．Where will the man go for his holiday?
A．Sweden. B．Spain.
C．Italy.
答案：A
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
Text 9
M：Will you go to any evening classes at the community center this year, Jess?
W：Maybe. Is the badminton club running this year? I enjoyed that.
M：Yes, but it is on Mondays now, at 6：30.
W：That's a shame. I have to work late at the swimming pool on Mondays. I could go, but I'll arrive late. What's on Tuesdays? Is it the tennis club again?
M：No. That's on Wednesdays this year. On Tuesdays it's football.
W：Will you go?
M：To football? No, but I might go to tennis. I've just read my college timetable.I have Spanish grammar classes all afternoon on Wednesday. My brain always feels really tired after those lessons, so I'll enjoy hitting a ball hard after that!
W：Then maybe I won't go. It sounds like it will be dangerous if you're there! Is there anything on Thursdays?
M：Mr Brown is running his usual club again, just like last year.
W：Oh! Mr Brown's Thursday film club! I enjoyed that. We had some great discussions.
M：Yes. I'm hoping to do that this year too. And on Fridays, the local singing club will be upstairs and the guitar club is downstairs.
W：Oh, yes. I tried the singing club a few years ago, but the songs were quite boring.
M：Well, I guess I'll see you on Thursday evenings then!
W：Yes!
13．What does the woman have to do on Mondays?
A．Work at the swimming pool.
B．Have Spanish grammar classes.
C．Have discussions with Mr Brown.
答案：A
14．When did the tennis club meet last year?
A．On Mondays.
B．On Tuesdays.
C．On Wednesdays.
答案：B
15．Which sport does the man probably prefer?
A．Badminton. B．Football.
C．Tennis.
答案：C
16．What club will both the speakers join?
A．The film club.
B．The singing club.
C．The guitar club.
答案：A
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
Text 10
Some people say the higher you climb， the harder you fall. But those people probably would not be rock climbers. About nine million people go rock climbing in the United States. Millions more take part in the activity around the world. Some do it just for personal satisfaction. Others compete. Rock climbing can be dangerous. But there are a lot of methods and equipment that can increase a climber's safety. Climbing takes strength， control， and good balance. Climbers have to pull themselves straight up the face of very high rocks or walls. So they have to be strong enough to carry their own weight. And climbers sometimes have to hold on to rocks by only their fingers or toes. There are several kinds of rock climbing.
Traditional rock climbing is done outside. Climbers wear ropes and attach equipment to the rocks. They also connect their ropes to the equipment. If a climber slips， a rope can stop him from falling. Sport climbing is similar. However， in that sport， the safety equipment is permanently placed in the rock. There is also indoor climbing. Rock walls made of wood or concrete have places for the climber's hands and feet. Climbers use their legs to climb； arms and hands are for position and balance. People almost always climb in groups of two or more. Climbing alone is very dangerous. Expert rock climbers say only the very best in the sport should do it.
17．How many people in America go rock climbing?
A．More than ten million people.
B．Around nine million people.
C．About five million people.
答案：B
18．What does rock climbing require according to the speaker?
A．Strength and strong will.
B．Strong will and high energy.
C．Good balance and strength.
答案：C
19．How many kinds of rock climbing are mentioned?
A．Two. B．Three.
C．Four.
答案：B
20．According to the speaker, who should attempt to go to climbing alone?
A．Only the very best in the sport.
B．Only the young climbers.
C．Only people who have experience in groups.
答案：A
第二部分　阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
(2018·安徽省知名示范高中高三联合质量检测改编)
Travel-worthy Destinations in Best Films
Arrival Bozeman, Montana, US
The year's best thriller, Arrival follows a professor to a military camp in Montana, where she works to translate the language coming from alien visitors. The film, set in the wide landscape of Montana, connects the vastness of the universe with the natural beauty of Bozeman. Travel to Bozeman, and you're bound to feel its quietness. In this town, the wildlife of the Bridger Mountains lives alongside the constant inflow of Montana State University students. With all its breathtaking landscape, Bozeman is the perfect place to do some soul-searching.
Fences Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US
Fences tells of an African-American father supporting his family during the civil rights movement of the 1950s. The film was shot in Pittsburgh, known for its blue-collar history. Today it has grown into a center of progress and culture. It is home to the world's first green convention center. On top of its environmental development, the city has worked to keep its diverse cultural heritage. Visitors can discover Pittsburgh's history at the Heinz History Center and taste the Mediterranean food at Cure.
Moonlight Miami, Florida, US
A masterpiece of self-discovery, Moonlight follows an African-American boy in Miami who is trying to find his place in the world. Much of the film is set in a low-income neighborhood north of downtown, but visitors to Miami will likely see a different side of the lively city. Modern art museums and restaurants fill the inner corridors, while Miami Beach is filled with music and ocean lovers. There's something for everyone in Miami, so enjoy the party.
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了美国三个在最佳影片中出现的值得一游的地方以及这些地方的风景特色。
21．What makes Bozeman a travel-worthy destination?
A．The story of the movie Arrival.
B．The peaceful landscape it has.
C．Mantana State University.
D．Alien visitors.
答案：B　细节理解题。根据第一部分中的“Travel to Bozeman, and you're bound to feel its quietness.”可知，到博兹曼旅行，你一定会感受到它的宁静。据此可知，博兹曼值得一游是因为它有着宁静的风景，故B项正确。
22．Pittsburgh is known for _______ according to Paragraph 2.
A．its diverse culture
B．African-American families
C．the civil rights movement
D．beautiful scenery
答案：A　细节理解题。根据第二部分的倒数第二句“On top of its environmental development, the city has worked to keep its diverse cultural heritage.”可知，除了环境的发展，这个城市还保存着多元的文化遗产。据此可知，匹兹堡以其多元文化而闻名，故A项正确。
23．In the movie Moonlight, audiences will see a ________ side of Miami.
A．modern B．poor
C．hi-tech D．luxury
答案：B　推理判断题。根据第三部分的第二句中的“Much of the film is set in a low-income neighborhood north of downtown”可知，这部电影大部分是在市中心北部的低收入社区拍摄的。据此可推知，观众可以通过影片看到迈阿密贫穷的一面，故B项正确。
B
(2018·江西赣中南五校高三第一次联合考试)In its early history, Chicago had floods frequently, especially in the spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses and carts got stuck. An old joke that was popular at the time went like this: A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street. Asked if he needs help, he replies, “No, thanks. I've got a good horse under me.”
The city planner decided to build an underground drainage (排水) system, but there simply wasn't enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level. The only two options were to lower the Chicago River or raise the city.
An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt. This raised the level of the city's streets by as much as 12 feet.
This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist (吊起) the entire buildings to meet the new street level. Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily. But what about large, heavy structures like the Tremont Hotel, which was a six-story brick building?
That's where George Pullman came in. He had developed some house-moving skills successfully. To lift a big structure like the Tremont Hotel, Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews (螺旋千斤顶) beneath the building's foundation. One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10 jackscrews. At Pullman's sign each man turned his jackscrews by the same amount at the same time, thereby raising the building slowly and evenly. Astonishingly, the Tre-mont Hotel stayed open during the entire operation, and many of its guests didn't even notice anything was happening. Some people like to say that every problem has a solution. But in Chicago's early history, every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem. Now that Chicago's waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River, the city's next step was to clean the polluted river.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了芝加哥在早期城市建设中，为了应对洪水泛滥问题而采取的一系列措施，遇到的工程问题和解决方案。
24．The author mentions the joke in Paragraph 1 to show ________.
A．horses were fairly useful in Chicago
B．Chicago's streets were extremely muddy
C．Chicago was very dangerous in the spring
D．the Chicago people were particularly humorous
答案：B　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可推知，作者提及这个笑话是为了表明芝加哥早期的街道非常泥泞，故选B。
25．The city planners were convinced by Ellis Chesbrough to ________.
A．get rid of the street dirt
B．lower the Chicago River
C．fight against heavy floods
D．build the pipes above ground
答案：D　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，Ellis Chesbrough让城市规划者相信在地上建管道才能解决洪水泛滥所带来的问题，故选D。
26．What can we conclude about the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel?
A．It went on smoothly as intended.
B．It interrupted the business of the hotel.
C．It involved Pullman in turning ten jackscrews.
D．It separated the building from its foundation.
答案：A　细节理解题。根据第五段内容，尤其是该段中第五、六句可推知，用螺旋千斤顶把the Tremont Hotel升高的作业进展顺利，故选A。
27．The passage is mainly about the early Chicago's ________.
A．popular lifestyles and their influences
B．environmental disasters and their causes
C．engineering problems and their solutions
D．successful businessmen and their achievements
答案：C　主旨大意题。结合全文可知，本文主要讲的是早期芝加哥为解决洪水泛滥问题采取的积极措施，遇到的工程问题及其应对办法，故选C。
C
(2019·中央民族大学附中月考)Since English biologist Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, scientists have vastly improved their knowledge of natural history. However, a lot of information is still the subject of the speculation, and scientists can still only make educated guesses at certain things.
One subject that they guess about is why some 400 million years ago, animals in the sea developed limbs (肢) that allowed them to move onto and live on land.
Recently, an idea that occurred to the US paleontologist (古生物学家) Alfred Romer a century ago became a hot topic once again.
Romer thought that tidal (潮汐的) pools might have led to fish gaining limbs. Sea animals would have been forced into these pools by strong tides. Then, they would have been made either to adapt to their new environment close to land or die. The fittest among them grew to accomplish the transition (过渡) from sea to land.
Romer called these earliest four-footed animals “tetrapods”. Science has always thought that this was a credible theory, but only recently has there been strong enough evidence to support it.
Hannah Byrne is an oceanographer (海洋学家) at Uppsala University in Sweden. She announced at the 2018 Ocean Sciences Meeting in Oregon, US, that by using computer software, her team had managed to link Romer's theory to places where fossil deposits (沉积物) of the earliest tetrapods were found.
According to the magazine Science, in 2014, Steven Balbus, a scientist at University of Oxford in the UK, calculated that 400 million years ago, when the move from land to sea was achieved, tides were stronger than they are today. This is because the planet was 10 percent closer to the moon than it is now.
The creatures stranded in the pools would have been under the pressure of “survival of the fittest”， explained Mattias Green, an ocean scientist at the UK's University of Bangor. As he told Science, “After a few days in these pools, you become food or you run out of food ... the fish that had large limbs had an advantage because they could flip (翻转) themselves back in the water.”
As is often the case, however, there are others who find the theory less convincing. Cambridge University's paleontologist Jennifer Clark, speaking to Nature magazine, seemed unconvinced. “It's only one of many ideas for the origin of land-based tetrapods, any or all of which may have been a part of the answer，” she said.
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章用一些新的证据来支持先前人们的理论猜测：潮汐潭促使海洋动物发育了四肢，进而它们迁徙并生活在陆地上。
28．Who first proposed the theory that fish might have gained limbs because of tidal pools?
A．Hannah Byrne. B．Charles Darwin.
C．Alfred Romer. D．Steven Balbus.
答案：C　细节理解题。根据第三段内容“Recently, an idea that occurred to the US paleontologist (古生物学家) Alfred Romer a century ago became a hot topic once again.”和第四段第一句“Romer thought that tidal (潮汐的) pools might have led to fish gaining limbs.”可知，是Alfred Romer最先提出了鱼类可能因为潮汐潭而发育出四肢的理论，故选C项。
29．Why were tides stronger 400 million years ago than they are today according to Steven Balbus?
A．There were larger oceans.
B．Earth was under greater pressure.
C．The moon gave off more energy.
D．Earth was closer to the moon.
答案：D　细节理解题。根据第七段中的“... tides were stronger than they are today. This is because the planet was 10 percent closer to the moon than it is now”可知，过去的潮汐比现在强。这是因为地球这颗行星以前距离月球比现在近了10%，故D项正确。
30．The underlined word “stranded” in Paragraph 8 probably means “________”．
A．trapped B．settled
C．abandoned D．found
答案：A　词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“Sea animals would have been forced into these pools by strong tides.”可知，Romer认为海洋生物因为潮汐作用被迫进入潮汐潭，并结合画线词所在句可知，海洋动物是被迫进入潮汐潭，因而被困于潮汐潭最为适合题意，故选A项。
31．What is the focus of the article?
A．The arguments over a scientific theory.
B．Some new evidence to support a previous theory.
C．The proposal of a new scientific theory.
D．A new discovery that questions a previous theory.
答案：B　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，英国生物学家达尔文的《物种起源》极大地提高了科学家对自然历史的认识。但仍有不少是没有根据的猜测。其中关于海洋动物如何有了四肢，从而得以迁徙到陆地上生活的由美国古生物学家Alfred Romer提出的猜测再次成为热门话题。许多科学家对此进行实验并提供了许多新的证据来进行证实。同时结合第五段第二句可知，C项(一些新的证据来支持先前的理论。)是本文阐述的重点，故选B项。
D
(2019·昆明市高三摸底调研测试)A new study shows that rising levels of planet-warming gases may reduce important nutrients (营养物) in food crops.
Researchers studied the effects of carbon dioxide on rice. In the experiment, scientists grew 18 kinds of rice in fields in China and Japan. They set carbon dioxide levels to what scientists are predicting for our planet by the end of the century. Rice grown under high carbon dioxide conditions had, on average, 13 to 30 percent lower levels of four B vitamins and 10 percent less protein (蛋白质). The crops also had 8 percent less iron and 5 percent less zinc than rice grown under normal conditions. However, vitamin E levels increased by about 13 percent on average.
The researchers said the effects of planet-warming gases would be most severe for the poorest citizens in some of the least developed countries. These people generally eat the most rice and have the least complex diets. That includes about 600 million people in Indonesia, Cambodia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Laos and other nations, mainly in Southeast Asia.
Other studies have shown that higher temperatures from climate change and weather extremes will reduce food production. And scientists are finding that rising levels of carbon dioxide and other planet-warming gases threaten food quality.
Earlier studies showed that wheat, rice, field peas and soybeans grown under high carbon dioxide conditions all had lower levels of protein and minerals. Scientists predicted that almost 150 million people might be at risk of having too little protein or zinc in their diet by 2050.
The new study suggests a way to lower the nutritional harm of climate change. That is to grow different forms of rice that can adapt to higher carbon dioxide levels.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了温室气体如何减少粮食作物中的营养物质以及降低气候变化对营养物的损害的方法。
32．Growing rice under high carbon dioxide conditions may ________.
A．increase iron in the rice
B．make it less nutritious
C．cause losses of vitamin E
D．make it more delicious
答案：B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Rice grown under high carbon dioxide conditions had, on average, 13 to 30 percent lower levels ... less protein (蛋白质)．”可知，B项为正确答案。A、C、D三项的表述均与原文表述不符。
33．How can people reduce the nutritional harm of climate change?
A．By importing rice from China and Japan.
B．By taking other kinds of food instead of rice.
C．By avoiding eating rice from Southeast Asia.
D．By growing rice suitable for the environment.
答案：D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“That is to grow different forms of rice that can adapt to higher carbon dioxide levels.”可知，D项为正确答案。
34．What's the author's purpose of writing the text?
A．To inform readers what nutrients food crops contain.
B．To call on people to care for the planet they live on.
C．To share the results of some studies on people's diets.
D．To tell readers where food crops are mainly produced.
答案：B　推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文通过介绍温室气体增加对粮食作物的影响来唤起人们对人类赖以生存的地球家园的保护，故选B。
35．In which part of a magazine can you read the text?
A．Advertisements. B．Art and culture.
C．Science reports. D．Business news.
答案：C　推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是文中的“study”“Researchers”“studies”等可推知，本文是一篇研究报道，在杂志的科学报道部分能读到本文。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
What is the tallest mountain on earth? __36__ But there is something 304 meters taller than Mount Qomolangma. However, it is mainly underwater. It begins at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean, and rises more than 17 kilometers from the ocean floor.
Its name is Mauna Loa, which means “Long Mountain” in the Hawaiian language. Mauna Loa is more than half of the island of Hawaii, the largest of the Hawaiian Islands.
__37__ It has produced liquid rock called lava (熔岩) more than thirty times since records were first kept in 1843.Today, Mauna Loa is quiet. It is not producing lava. However, volcano experts say it is only a matter of time before this happens once again.
__38__ There are four others. Three of them are no longer active. One of them is still active. It is named Kilauea. It has produced lava more than fifty times in the last 100 years.
At this moment, red hot lava is pouring out of Kilauea. __39__ Sometimes the lava moves slowly. At other times it pours out very fast as huge amounts of pressure force it from the volcano. During these times, it moves almost as quickly as water moving down the side of a mountain.
When the lava from Kilauea reaches the ocean, its fierce heat produces great amounts of steam that rise into the air. The lava is so hot that it continues to burn underwater for some time. The lava from Kilauea continues to add land to the island as the volcanoes of Hawaii have always done. __40__
A．It has been doing this since 1983.
B．It is no longer considered to be active.
C．You will say the answer is Mount Qomolangma.
D．It is these volcanoes that formed the islands of Hawaii.
E．Mauna Loa is not the only volcano on the island of Hawaii.
F．Mauna Loa is also the largest and most active volcano on earth.
G．Experts say the volcanoes are a serious threat to many parts of the island.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了夏威夷地区海底山脉的形成。
36．C　提到世界上最高的山脉，我们通常想到的是珠穆朗玛峰，且由后一句中的“Mount Qomolangma”可知选C项。
37．F　本段继续介绍Mauna Loa，由下文关于其熔岩喷发次数和专家对其以后活动规律的预测可知，F项正是对这段内容的最好概括，故选F项。
38．E　由空后两句“There are four others. Three of them are no longer active.”可知，本段转而介绍岛上的其他火山，故选E项。
39．A　根据上下句的主语“red hot lava”和“the lava”可知，本段介绍的是熔岩的情况，从话题上，A项和B项合适。但B项中的“no longer ... active”与本段内容矛盾，可排除，故选A项。
40．D　本段侧重介绍火山喷发产生的熔岩对于夏威夷岛形成的作用，故选D项。
第三部分　语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Sarah lived on a farm with her family. She was __41__ to learn to track, to identify each person and where they were going by the marks they left on the ground. And if her father couldn't teach her, she'd teach herself.
To the __42__ of her family, she borrowed all their __43__ and taught herself to recognize everyone's footprints in the sand. More than once her father came outside shouting, “Sarah, bring me __44__ my boots.”
Sarah developed the habit of walking around with her eyes fixed on the ground, __45__ the comings and goings of every __46__ in the place.
She also developed the annoying habit of __47__ everyone. “What were you doing down at the dam, Jack? You're not __48__ to play there.” “Did you find what you were __49__ in the garage, Auntie？” and “Who was the stranger visiting today wearing size ten boots, Mum？”
After she'd __50__ every pair of shoes that everyone __51__， she turned to the farm's animals. By this time __52__ her victims had to admit, __53__， that she was good.
Her best __54__ came one evening when she said the horse's front foot was __55__. Her father said that the horse was __56__ fine. Sarah __57__ that its hoof (蹄) had a split. Sarah's father __58__ the horse's hoof.
“You're __59__. The hoof is split. How did you know？”
“You can see it in its __60__，” Sarah moved the horse away. “Look, it's plain in the sand.”
“If you can tell it has a split hoof from that sand, you're pretty good，” said her father.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Sarah通过自学学会辨识人类和动物脚印的故事。
41．A.determined B．forced
C．appointed D．encouraged
答案：A　根据下文的“And if her father couldn't teach her, she'd teach herself.”可知，如果她的父亲不教她，她就自学；据此可以判断，她决心学习通过足迹来做到对人的跟踪和识别。be determined to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“决心做某事”，故A项正确。
42．A.expectation B．annoyance
C．disappointment D．delight
答案：B　根据下文中的“More than once her father came outside shouting”可知，她的父亲不止一次朝她发火；由此可以判断，她的行为给家人带来了烦恼(annoyance)，故B项正确。下文中的“She also developed the annoying habit of”也是提示。
43．A.shoes B．books
C．socks D．tools
答案：A　根据该句中的“taught herself to recognize everyone's footprints in the sand”和下文中的“bring me __44__ my boots”可知，她借来了所有家人的鞋子(shoes)，自己学习识别沙地中每个人的脚印。
44．A.up B．outside
C．over D．back
答案：D　根据上文可知，Sarah借来了家人的鞋子自己学习识别沙地中每个人的脚印；结合语境可以判断，此处表示“Sarah，把我的靴子拿回来(back)”。
45．A.guiding B．hearing
C．studying D．predicting
答案：C　根据上文中她学习辨认人的脚印的相关动词identify, recognize及该句中的“Sarah developed the habit of walking around with her eyes fixed on the ground”可知，Sarah养成了走路时眼睛盯着地面的习惯以研究(study)每个来往的人的足迹。
46．A.vehicle B．person
C．animal D．season
答案：B　根据第一段第二句中的“to identify each person”并结合上题解析可知，此处应选B项。
47．A.surprising B．criticizing
C．questioning D．challenging
答案：C　根据下文中的几个问句可知，她养成了令人厌烦的习惯，即质问(question)每个人。
48．A.prepared B．invited
C．qualified D．allowed
答案：D　根据上文的“What were you doing down at the dam, Jack？”可知，Sarah在质问Jack为什么在大坝上；结合语境和常识可知，人是不允许(allow)在大坝上面玩的，故D项正确。
49．A.calling for B．looking for
C．waiting for D．fighting for
答案：B　根据该句中的“Did you find”可知，该句句意为：伯母，你在车库中找到你要寻找(looking for)的东西了吗？
50．A.worn B．collected
C．destroyed D．memorized
答案：D　根据该句中的“she turned to the farm's animals”可知，在记住(memorize)了每个人所拥有的鞋子之后，她将注意力转向了农场的动物。
51．A.owned B．borrowed
C．tried D．bought
答案：A　此处指每个人所拥有的鞋子。own动词，意为“拥有”。
52．A.yet B．even
C．also D．still
答案：B　根据该句中的“her victims had to admit”和“that she was good”可知，甚至(even)她的“受害人”也不得不承认她是优秀的。
53．A.guiltily B．approvingly
C．merrily D．unwillingly
答案：D　根据该句中的“her victims had to admit”和“that she was good”可以判断，她的“受害人”也不情愿地(unwillingly)承认她是优秀的。
54．A.performance B．trick
C．magic D．idea
答案：A　根据上文中的“ ... admit, __53__， that she was good”可知，她的“受害人”也承认她的识别技术很好；结合该句语境可知，她的最好的表现(performance)是一个晚上她说马的前蹄受伤了。
55．A.tied B．lost
C．injured D．stolen
答案：C　根据下文中的“that its hoof (蹄) had a split”可知，马的蹄部有一个裂口；据此可知，她说马的前蹄受伤(injured)了。
56．A.safely B．normally
C．hardly D．perfectly
答案：D　根据下文中的“that its hoof (蹄) had a split”可知，马的蹄部有一个裂口；结合该句“Her father said that the horse was __56__fine.”可以判断，她的父亲与她的观点相反，认为马的健康状况完全(perfectly)良好。
57．A.doubted B．wondered
C．insisted D．discovered
答案：C　根据该句“Sarah __57__ that its hoof (蹄) had a split.”并结合上句内容可知，Sarah坚持说(insisted)马的蹄部有一个裂口。
58．A.inspected B．split
C．treated D．fastened
答案：A　根据上句可知，Sarah坚持说马的蹄部有一个裂口，结合下句的内容可以判断，Sarah的父亲检查(inspected)了马的蹄部。
59．A.lying B．joking
C．right D．crazy
答案：C　根据下文的“The hoof is split. How did you know？”可知，Sarah的父亲知道了马的前蹄确实受伤了，故该句应为：你是正确的(right)。
60．A.boots B．tracks
C．jumps D．hoofs
答案：B　根据下文的“Look, it's plain in the sand.”可以判断，该句句意为：你可以从马的足迹(tracks)看到那个裂口。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2019·成都市高中毕业班摸底测试)I chose to study abroad because I knew I would be exposed to knowledge that I couldn't gain __61__ (sit) inside a classroom. Studying abroad was one of the best __62__ (decision) I had ever made. I chose China, because China is one of the early civilizations __63__ a rich history and culture and I thought studying abroad would give me the chance to learn more about the country. As a visiting scholar, my dream of studying abroad in China became a __64__ (real)．
I went to China in the summer of 2017. My time there was an __65__ (impress) experience. Every day was a new adventure. __66__ I enjoyed most was that I had culture classes where I could learn about Chinese calligraphy, Beijing opera, Chinese literature, Chinese cooking and many __67__ (much) subjects. The mix of learning about the language and culture made each day of class enjoyable.
I believe that the key to a successful study abroad __68__ (be) the attitude you carry. Going to China, I had a very positive attitude. I knew there might be problems, __69__ I saw them as opportunities for learning. My time in China has really made me more __70__ (cultural) aware of diversity, which adds to my positive attitude.
61．_______　62._______　63._______　64._______
65．_______　66._______　67._______　68._______
69．_______　70._______
答案：61.sitting　62.decisions　63.with　64.reality　65.impressive　66.What　67.more　68.is　69.but/yet
70．culturally
第四部分　写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节　短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(2018·呼和浩特市高三年级质量普查调研考试)
An opening week held in our school last week so that we could show a great achievements we made in art education.
The art works exhibition went on from Monday to Friday, exhibit the excellent art works, such as paper cuts, paintings and flower arrangements. Both of the art works were created by the students of our school. That attracted the public most was the singing and dancing performances in Friday afternoon. All these activities draw the close attention of the public and parents as well, receiving high praises from the public.
Through these activity, the public has a better understanding of our school. As a result of, we all think that the opening week was of great successful.
答案：
An opening week held in our school last week so that we could show great achievements we made in art education.
The art works exhibition went on from Monday to Friday, the excellent art works, such as paper cuts, paintings and flower arrangements. of the art works were created by the students of our school. attracted the public most was the singing and dancing performances Friday afternoon. All these activities the close attention of the public and parents as well, receiving high praises from the public.
Through these ， the public has a better understanding of our school. As a result ， we all think that the opening week was of great .
难项分析：
第三处：exhibit→exhibiting　考查非谓语动词。句子的主语The art works exhibition和exhibit在逻辑上存在主谓关系，根据句意及句子结构可知，此处为现在分词作伴随状语。
第五处：That→What　考查主语从句的连接词。最吸引公众的(事物)是周五下午的歌舞表演。连接词在从句中作主语，表示“……的事物”，故应用what引导主语从句。
第十处：successful→success　考查名词。be of great success＝be greatly successful。
第二节　书面表达(满分25分)
英语课堂上，老师要求介绍一处旅游景点。请你根据以下要点，用英语写一篇短文描写济南的趵突泉。
1．位于趵突泉(Baotu Spring)公园中心；
2．拥有3,000多年的历史；
3．喷泉喷射时，声音洪亮、景象壮观；
4．品茶赏景，身心愉悦。
注意：1.词数120左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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[精彩范文]
Have you ever thought of visiting Baotu Spring in Jinan? You should because it has special attractions.
Located in the centre of Baotu Spring Park, Baotu Spring is regarded as one of the three major places of interest in Jinan. It's a symbol of the city. The spring has a history of over 3,000 years. Spring water fountains all day, which creates great sounds and sights. What's more, enjoying the beautiful scenery of the spring with a cup of tea in hand can make us happy and relaxed.
If you are lucky enough to visit Baotu Spring, don't forget to drink tea beside the spring. It's really a great thing to do.
课件113张PPT。第五单元水平测试