高中英语人教版选修6 Unit 4　Global warming（课件+学案）

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Section
Ⅰ　Pre reading
(Warming
Up
&
Reading)
课前预习自测
课堂合作探究
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课文预学检测
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课后演练提能
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IBEI
W(共19张PPT)
重点词汇/教材原句/单句语法填空
单元重点知识回顾
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答案(共27张PPT)
Section
Ⅴ　Writing
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答案第四单元水平测试
　　考试时间：120分钟　　　满分：150分
第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
( .. / .. / .. / mp3听力 / 第四单元水平测试.mp3 )点击播放听力材料
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
Text
1
M：What
about
your
trip
to
the
town
W：Couldn't
be
worse.
Our
car
was
stuck
in
the
mud.
No
matter
how
hard
we
pushed
it,
it
just
wouldn't
move.
1．What
are
the
speakers
mainly
talking
about
A．A
trip.
B．A
traffic
jam.
C．Hard
work.
答案：A
Text
2
M：I
heard
your
laptop
was
stolen
at
the
parking
lot.
W：Yes,
I
am
not
having
much
luck
these
days.
I
was
late
for
work
that
day
because
of
the
traffic,
and
I
forgot
to
lock
my
car.
2．What
happened
to
the
woman
A．She
lost
her
car.
B．She
lost
her
laptop.
C．She
got
a
traffic
ticket.
答案：B
Text
3
W：Hey,
Jack,
do
you
want
another
sandwich
M：No,
thanks.
But
I
don't
mind
having
another
chocolate
cake.
3．What
does
Jack
want
A．Cheese.
B．Sandwiches.
C．Cake.
答案：C
Text
4
W：This
is
certainly
a
nice
place,
Mr
Taylor.
How
do
you
go
to
work
every
day
M：Well,
there's
a
bus
stop
just
around
the
corner.
But
I
usually
walk
to
work.
4．How
does
the
man
go
to
work
A．On
foot.
B．By
bus.
C．By
car.
答案：A
Text
5
M：So,
Nancy,
how
was
your
weekend
W：Excellent.
I
was
at
the
bookstore
the
whole
Sunday.
And
I
picked
up
two
books.
Take
a
look.
5．Where
did
the
woman
spend
her
Sunday
A．In
a
theater.
B．At
a
bookstore.
C．In
a
library.
答案：B
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
Text
6
M：Officer,
my
roommate
Dick
Martin
has
been
missing
for
three
days.
W：Please
give
me
his
physical
description.
M：He
is
1.70
meters
tall
and
weighs
around
sixty
kilograms.
He
comes
from
Scotland.
W：What
was
he
wearing
when
you
last
saw
him
M：He
was
wearing
a
white
shirt
and
brown
pants.
I
guess
this
photo
taken
from
him
can
be
a
great
help
for
your
searching
work.
W：OK,
we'll
keep
in
touch.
6．What
is
the
man
doing
now
A．Reporting
a
missing
case.
B．Taking
a
message.
C．Describing
an
accident.
答案：A
7．What
does
the
woman
ask
about
Dick
A．His
nationality.
B．His
hobbies.
C．His
clothes.
答案：C
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
Text
7
W：Hi,
Customer
Service
Desk.
M：Good
morning.
I
bought
this
computer
here
a
few
months
ago.
It
doesn't
work
now.
Can
I
return
it
or
get
it
fixed
W：When
did
you
buy
it
from
our
store
M：Four
months
ago.
W：I'm
sorry.
You
can't
return
it
because
too
many
days
have
passed
since
you
bought
it.
M：But
the
direction
book
says
I
will
get
a
one year
repair
service.
W：Yes,
I
know.
After
three
months,
you
need
to
call
the
company
that
made
the
computer.
M：Okay,
I'll
call
the
Customer
Service
Office
of
the
company.
8．When
did
the
man
buy
the
computer
A．Three
months
ago.
B．Four
months
ago.
C．A
year
ago.
答案：B
9．What
will
the
man
do
next
A．Return
the
computer.
B．Buy
a
new
computer.
C．Make
a
call.
答案：C
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
Text
8
M：Look
at
Johnny
sitting
there,
doing
nothing.
W：I
decided
to
let
him
use
my
iPad
for
two
hours
while
I
cooked
dinner.
M：You
know,
we
shouldn't
let
him
play
video
games
for
hours
at
a
time.
W：I
know,
but
I
just
needed
a
little
peace
and
quiet.
M：When
you
were
his
age,
what
did
you
do
all
day
W：Oh,
when
I
was
about
five,
I
was
outside
playing
with
my
friends.
We
climbed
trees,
and
flew
kites,
and
caught
the
frogs.
M：Sounds
fun.
Don't
you
think
Johnny
should
do
those
things,
too
W：Hmm
...
You're
absolutely
right.
M：Johnny!
Hand
over
that
iPad
and
go
wash
your
hands.
Let's
enjoy
this
beautiful
day.
10．Why
did
the
woman
let
Johnny
play
video
games
A．She
wanted
him
to
play
indoors.
B．She
wanted
to
play
together.
C．She
wanted
some
peace
and
quiet.
答案：C
11．How
old
is
Johnny
A．About
five
years
old.
B．About
ten
years
old.
C．About
fifteen
years
old.
答案：A
12．What
will
the
man
do
next
A．Contact
his
friends.
B．Wash
his
hands.
C．Take
out
Johnny
to
play.
答案：C
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
Text
9
W：How
can
I
lose
weight,
Mr
Brown
I
seem
to
get
fatter
when
I
just
look
at
food.
M：Well,
Jenny.
It
depends
on
how
much
you
eat,
the
type
of
food
you
eat,
and
when
you
eat
your
meals.
W：I
never
eat
breakfast
though.
M：That's
a
big
mistake;
you
should
always
have
a
good
breakfast.
You
will
not
run
your
car
without
fuel,
and
yet
you
expect
your
body
to
work
without
food.
W：I
never
thought
about
it
that
way.
Oh,
Doctor,
I
feel
so
foolish.
M：You
should
eat
more
vegetables
and
fruit.
Low fat
foods
are
chicken
without
the
skin,
and
fish.
Don't
eat
pork.
It
will
make
you
fat.
W：I
know,
Doctor,
thank
you
so
much.
I
should
also
go
to
the
gym
tomorrow
evening.
Oh,
I
have
to
go.
I
almost
forget
that
I
have
a
meeting
at
10
am.
13．What's
the
relationship
between
the
speakers
A．Father
and
daughter.
B．Doctor
and
patient.
C．Friends.
答案：B
14．What
does
the
woman
do
wrong
A．She
eats
too
much.
B．She
never
does
exercise.
C．She
never
eats
breakfast.
答案：C
15．What
can't
the
woman
eat
A．Pork.
B．Chicken.
C．Fish.
答案：A
16．What
will
the
woman
do
tomorrow
evening
A．Have
a
meeting.
B．Go
to
the
gym.
C．Have
dinner
with
the
man.
答案：B
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
Text
10
Boys
and
girls，
our
school
is
participating
in
the
Green
World
Contest.
We
are
looking
for
ways
to
protect
the
environment，
and
we
have
decided
to
make
some
changes
in
the
way
we
do
food
service
in
the
dining
hall.
First，
we
will
stop
using
wooden
chopsticks.
All
our
chopsticks
will
be
reused
from
now
on，
so
please
don't
throw
them
in
the
trash
cans.
Another
change
will
be
to
reduce
the
amount
of
wasted
food.
Food
requires
water
and
energy
to
produce
and
bring
to
the
market，
so
please
take
smaller
amounts，
and
return
for
more
if
you
are
hungry.
The
third
change
is
the
paper
cups.
No
more
paper
cups—just
drink
from
your
own
water
glass，
please.
These
small
changes
will
help
reduce
our
damage
to
the
earth.
We
will
save
resources
and
reduce
waste.
And
our
school
can
win
the
contest
if
we
all
work
together.
17．Why
does
the
speaker
make
the
announcement
A．To
get
ready
for
a
contest.
B．To
save
money.
C．To
reduce
paper
cups.
答案：A
18．What
change
will
be
made
in
the
dining
hall
A．The
kinds
of
food
served.
B．The
use
of
chopsticks.
C．The
number
of
water
glasses
provided.
答案：B
19．How
should
students
reduce
the
amount
of
wasted
food
A．By
sharing
the
food.
B．By
packing
the
leftovers
away.
C．By
taking
smaller
amounts
each
time.
答案：C
20．What
should
students
do
with
paper
cups
A．Reuse
them.
B．Stop
using
them.
C．Seldom
use
them.
答案：B
第二部分　阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
Washington,
D．C.
Bicycle
Tours
Cherry
Blossom
Bike
Tour
in
Washington,
D．C.
Duration:
3
hours
This
small
group
bike
tour
is
a
fantastic
way
to
see
the
world famous
cherry
trees
with
beautiful
flowers
of
Washington,
D．C.
Your
guide
will
provide
a
history
lesson
about
the
trees
and
the
famous
monuments
where
they
blossom.
Reserve
your
spot
before
availability—and
the
cherry
blossoms—disappear!
Washington
Capital
Monuments
Bicycle
Tour
Duration:
3
hours
(4
miles)
Join
a
guided
bike
tour
and
view
some
of
the
most
popular
monuments
in
Washington,
D．C.
Explore
the
monuments
and
memorials
on
the
National
Mall
as
your
guide
shares
unique
facts
and
history
at
each
stop.
Guided
tour
includes
bike,
helmet,
cookies
and
bottled
water.
Capital
City
Bike
Tour
in
Washington,
D．C.
Duration:
3
hours
Morning
or
Afternoon,
this
bike
tour
is
the
perfect
tour
for
D．C.
newcomers
and
locals
looking
to
experience
Washington,
D．C.
in
a
healthy
way
with
minimum
effort.
Knowledgeable
guides
will
entertain
you
with
the
most
interesting
stories
about
Presidents,
Congress,
memorials,
and
parks.
Comfortable
bikes
and
a
smooth
tour
route
(路线)
make
cycling
between
the
sites
fun
and
relaxing.
Washington
Capital
Sites
at
Night
Bicycle
Tour
Duration:
3
hours
(7
miles)
Join
a
small
group
bike
tour
for
an
evening
of
exploration
in
the
heart
of
Washington,
D．C.
Get
up
close
to
the
monuments
and
memorials
as
you
bike
the
sites
of
Capitol
Hill
and
the
National
Mall.
Frequent
stops
are
made
for
photo
taking
as
your
guide
offers
unique
facts
and
history.
Tour
includes
bike,
helmet,
and
bottled
water.
All
riders
are
equipped
with
reflective
vests
and
safety
lights.
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四种骑自行车游览华盛顿的活动及注意事项。
21．Which
tour
do
you
need
to
book
in
advance
A．Cherry
Blossom
Bike
Tour
in
Washington,
D．C.
B．Washington
Capital
Monuments
Bicycle
Tour.
C．Capital
City
Bike
Tour
in
Washington,
D．C.
D．Washington
Capital
Sites
at
Night
Bicycle
Tour.
答案：A　细节理解题。根据Cherry
Blossom
Bike
Tour
in
Washington,
D．C.部分中的“Reserve
your
spot
before
availability—and
the
cherry
blossoms—disappear！”可知，这个骑车看樱花活动需要提前预定。故选A。
22．What
will
you
do
on
the
Capital
City
Bike
Tour
A．Meet
famous
people.
B．Go
to
a
national
park.
C．Visit
well known
museums.
D．Enjoy
interesting
stories.
答案：D　细节理解题。根据Capital
City
Bike
Tour
in
Washington,
D．C.部分中的“Knowledgeable
guides
will
entertain
you
with
the
most
interesting
stories
about
Presidents,
Congress,
memorials,
and
parks.”可知，在这个活动中，你可以欣赏有趣的故事。故选D。
23．Which
of
the
following
does
the
bicycle
tour
at
night
provide
A．City
maps.
B．Cameras.
C．Meals.
D．Safety
lights.
答案：D　细节理解题。根据Washington
Capital
Sites
at
Night
Bicycle
Tour部分中的“All
riders
are
equipped
with
reflective
vests
and
safety
lights.”可知，所有骑行者都要装备反光背心和安全手电筒。故选D。
B
Every
day,
young
people
across
the
globe
are
doing
their
part
to
keep
the
Earth
healthy
and
green.
These
are
just
a
few
kid
heroes
for
the
planet.
Manatee
Minder
When
she
was
in
second
grade,
Stephanie
Cohen
read
about
a
baby
manatee
hit
by
a
boat
off
the
coast
of
Florida.
Marine
biologists
saved
the
manatee.
But
caring
for
the
sea
creature
was
costly.
Stephanie
took
up
a
collection
and
raised
$27
in
one
day.
Now
18,
Stephanie
still
raises
money
to
help
these
“gentle
giants”.
She
sells
manatee
decorations,
candles
and
cards
on
her
website
kmad.
org.
Color
Us
Green!
At
Clarendon
Elementary
School,
in
Secaucus,
New
Jersey,
the
students
know
what
to
do
with
old,
used
and
broken
crayons.
Recycle
them!
They
collect
the
crayons
and
send
them
to
Crazy
Crayons,
where
they
are
made
into
different
shapes
and
sizes.
In
the
past
eight
years,
New
Jersey
students
have
recycled
nearly
nine
tons
of
crayons.
Goodbye,
Paper
Bags!
When
Adrienne
Boukis,
15,
was
in
sixth
grade,
in
Walnut
Creek,
California,
she
noticed
that
many
of
her
classmates
carried
paper
lunch
bags.
To
help
kids
cut
down
on
waste,
she
invented
a
reusable
lunch
bag,
which
is
partially
made
from
recycled
plastic
bottles.
She
sells
the
bags
at
greengearbag.
com
and
some
of
the
proceeds
go
to
charity
that
is
in
need
of
money.
He's
Skiing
to
Save
the
Earth
Parker
Liautaud,
15,
wanted
to
raise
awareness
(意识)
about
the
effects
of
climate
change
on
the
polar
regions.
He
set
out
to
become
one
of
the
youngest
people
ever
to
ski
to
the
North
Pole.
Parker
feels
he
has
met
his
goal
to
inspire
others.
“All
young
people
have
the
power
to
make
a
change，”
he
said
in
an
interview.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。每天，全球的年轻人们都在为地球的健康和环保尽着自己的一份力量。本文主要介绍了为地球的环保作出贡献的几个年轻人的故事。
24．What
do
the
kid
heroes
have
in
common
A．They
are
all
high
school
students.
B．They
all
involve
themselves
in
green
activities.
C．They
all
raise
money
for
green
activities.
D．They
are
all
from
poor
families.
答案：B　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句中的关键信息“are
doing
their
part
to
keep
the
Earth
healthy
and
green”可知，这些英雄般的孩子们都积极地投身于绿色环保活动，故选B项。
25．According
to
the
passage,
kmad.
org
________.
A．provides
some
goods
sold
online
B．is
designed
by
Adrienne
Boukis
C．focuses
on
the
protection
of
sea
creatures
D．inspires
kids
to
raise
money
for
the
manatee
答案：A　细节理解题。根据Manatee
Minder部分最后一句可知，她仅在此网站售卖与海牛相关的商品。故选A项。
26．The
underlined
word
“proceeds”
in
the
passage
probably
means
“________”．
A．money
B．bags
C．goods
D．gifts
答案：A　词义猜测题。根据该段落最后一句中的关键信息“She
sells
the
bags
...”和“go
to
charity
that
is
in
need
of
money”可推知，她把卖包得来的部分收入捐给了慈善组织，proceeds在意义上接近money。故选A项。
27．In
Parker's
opinion,
every
kid
________.
A．should
travel
to
the
North
Pole
B．can
succeed
at
an
early
age
C．should
set
a
great
goal
D．can
make
a
difference
答案：D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一句Parker在一次采访中所说的话“All
young
people
have
the
power
to
make
a
change
...”可知，他认为每个孩子都能为环保作出贡献。
C
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)We
may
think
we're
a
culture
that
gets
rid
of
our
worn
technology
at
the
first
sight
of
something
shiny
and
new,
but
a
new
study
shows
that
we
keep
using
our
old
devices
(装置)
well
after
they
go
out
of
style.
That's
bad
news
for
the
environment—and
our
wallets—as
these
outdated
devices
consume
much
more
energy
than
the
newer
ones
that
do
the
same
things.
To
figure
out
how
much
power
these
devices
are
using,
Callie
Babbitt
and
her
colleagues
at
the
Rochester
Institute
of
Technology
in
New
York
tracked
the
environmental
costs
for
each
product
throughout
its
life—from
when
its
minerals
are
mined
to
when
we
stop
using
the
device.
This
method
provided
a
readout
for
how
home
energy
use
has
evolved
since
the
early
1990s.
Devices
were
grouped
by
generation.
Desktop
computers,
basic
mobile
phones,
and
box set
TVs
defined
1992.
Digital
cameras
arrived
on
the
scene
in
1997.
And
MP3
players,
smart
phones,
and
LCD
TVs
entered
homes
in
2002,
before
tablets
and
e readers
showed
up
in
2007.
As
we
accumulated
more
devices,
however,
we
didn't
throw
out
our
old
ones.
“The
living room
television
is
replaced
and
gets
planted
in
the
kids'
room,
and
suddenly
one
day,
you
have
a
TV
in
every
room
of
the
house，”
said
one
researcher.
The
average
number
of
electronic
devices
rose
from
four
per
household
in
1992
to
13
in
2007.
We're
not
just
keeping
these
old
devices—we
continue
to
use
them.
According
to
the
analysis
of
Babbitt's
team,
old
desktop
monitors
and
box
TVs
with
cathode
ray
tubes
are
the
worst
devices
with
their
energy
consumption
and
contribution
to
greenhouse
gas
emissions
(排放)
more
than
doubling
during
the
1992
to
2007
window.
So
what's
the
solution
(解决方案)
The
team's
data
only
went
up
to
2007,
but
the
researchers
also
explored
what
would
happen
if
consumers
replaced
old
products
with
new
electronics
that
serve
more
than
one
function,
such
as
a
tablet
for
word
processing
and
TV
viewing.
They
found
that
more
on demand
entertainment
viewing
on
tablets
instead
of
TVs
and
desktop
computers
could
cut
energy
consumption
by
44%.
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了新旧电子设备的差别，旧电子设备耗能高，不环保，所以作者主张使用新电子设备。
28．What
does
the
author
think
of
new
devices
A．They
are
environment friendly.
B．They
are
no
better
than
the
old.
C．They
cost
more
to
use
at
home.
D．They
go
out
of
style
quickly.
答案：A　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知，使用旧的电子设备对环境和我们的钱包都是坏消息。这些过时的设备做相同的事情要消耗比新设备更多的能源。由此推知，作者认为新电子设备环保、节能。故选A。
29．Why
did
Babbitt's
team
conduct
the
research
A．To
reduce
the
cost
of
minerals.
B．To
test
the
life
cycle
of
a
product.
C．To
update
consumers
on
new
technology.
D．To
find
out
electricity
consumption
of
the
devices.
答案：D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“To
figure
out
how
much
power
these
devices
are
using,
...”可知，Babbitt的团队研究的目的是为了弄清楚新旧电子设备的耗能量。故选D。
30．Which
of
the
following
uses
the
least
energy
A．The
box set
TV.
B．The
tablet.
C．The
LCD
TV.
D．The
desktop
computer.
答案：B　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句和最后一段最后一句可知，平板电脑是耗能最少的电子设备，可以降低44%的耗能。故选B。
31．What
does
the
text
suggest
people
do
about
old
electronic
devices
A．Stop
using
them.
B．Take
them
apart.
C．Upgrade
them.
D．Recycle
them.
答案：A　推理判断题。根据文章的整体内容可知，因为旧的电子设备耗能高，不环保，所以作者建议停止使用旧的电子设备。故选A。
D
(2016·江苏高考)El
Ni o,
a
Spanish
term
for
“the
Christ
child”，
was
named
by
South
American
fishermen
who
noticed
that
the
global
weather
pattern,
which
happens
every
two
to
seven
years,
reduced
the
amount
of
fishes
caught
around
Christmas.
El
Ni o
sees
warm
water,
collected
over
several
years
in
the
western
Pacific,
flow
back
eastwards
when
winds
that
normally
blow
westwards
weaken,
or
sometimes
the
other
way
round.
The
weather
effects,
both
good
and
bad,
are
felt
in
many
places.
Rich
countries
gain
more
from
powerful
Ni os,
on
balance,
than
they
lose.
A
study
found
that
a
strong
Ni o
in
1997－98
helped
America's
economy
grow
by
$15
billion,
partly
because
of
better
agricultural
harvests:
farmers
in
the
Midwest
gained
from
extra
rain.
The
total
rise
in
agricultural
incomes
in
rich
countries
is
greater
than
the
fall
in
poor
ones.
But
in
Indonesia
extremely
dry
forests
are
in
flames.
A
multi year
drought
(干旱)
in
south
east
Brazil
is
becoming
worse.
Though
heavy
rains
brought
about
by
El
Ni o
may
relieve
the
drought
in
California,
they
are
likely
to
cause
surface
flooding
and
other
disasters.
The
most
recent
powerful
Ni o,
in
1997－98,
killed
around
21,000
people
and
caused
damage
worth
$36
billion
around
the
globe.
But
such
Ni os
come
with
months
of
warning,
and
so
much
is
known
about
how
they
happen
that
governments
can
prepare.
According
to
the
Overseas
Development
Institute
(ODI),
however,
just
12%
of
disaster relief
funding
in
the
past
two
decades
has
gone
on
reducing
risks
in
advance,
rather
than
recovery
and
rebuilding
afterwards.
This
is
despite
evidence
that
a
dollar
spent
on
risk reduction
saves
at
least
two
on
reconstruction.
Simple
improvements
to
infrastructure
(基础设施)
can
reduce
the
spread
of
disease.
Better
sewers
(下水道)
make
it
less
likely
that
heavy
rain
is
followed
by
an
outbreak
of
the
disease
of
bad
stomach.
Stronger
bridges
mean
villages
are
less
likely
to
be
left
without
food
and
medicine
after
floods.
According
to
a
paper
in
2011
by
Mr
Hsiang
and
co authors,
civil
conflict
is
related
to
El
Ni o's
harmful
effects—and
the
poorer
the
country,
the
stronger
the
link.
Though
the
relationship
may
not
be
causal,
helping
divided
communities
to
prepare
for
disasters
would
at
least
reduce
the
risk
that
those
disasters
are
followed
by
killing
and
wounding
people.
Since
the
poorest
are
least
likely
to
make
up
for
their
losses
from
disasters
linked
to
El
Ni o,
reducing
their
losses
needs
to
be
the
priority.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。厄尔尼诺现象的发生给全球带来了巨大的影响，作者通过具体的数据呼吁人们在知识和能力范围内做好防灾减灾和相关准备工作。
32．What
can
we
learn
about
El
Ni o
in
Paragraph
1
A．It
is
named
after
a
South
American
fisherman.
B．It
takes
place
almost
every
year
all
over
the
world.
C．It
forces
fishermen
to
stop
catching
fish
around
Christmas.
D．It
sees
the
changes
of
water
flow
direction
in
the
ocean.
答案：D　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，厄尔尼诺现象发生时海水流向会有变化，因此D项正确。
33．What
may
El
Ni os
bring
about
to
the
countries
affected
A．Agricultural
harvests
in
rich
countries
fall.
B．Droughts
become
more
harmful
than
floods.
C．Rich
countries'
gains
are
greater
than
their
losses.
D．Poor
countries
suffer
less
from
droughts
economically.
答案：C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句以及下文提到的美国经济由于厄尔尼诺现象得以增长可知，厄尔尼诺现象使得富裕国家的收益大于损失，因此选择C项。
34．The
data
provided
by
ODI
in
Paragraph
4
suggests
that
________.
A．more
investment
should
go
to
risk
reduction
B．governments
of
poor
countries
need
more
aid
C．victims
of
El
Ni o
deserve
more
compensation
D．recovery
and
reconstruction
should
come
first
答案：A　推理判断题。根据该段中的“however,
just
12%
of
disaster relief
funding
in
the
past
two
decades
has
gone
on
reducing
risks
in
advance”与“This
is
despite
evidence
that
a
dollar
spent
on
risk－reduction
saves
at
least
two
on
reconstruction.”可知，这些数据说明了减少灾害风险的投入太少，政府应该加大这方面的投入，因此答案为A项。
35．What
is
the
author's
purpose
in
writing
the
passage
A．To
introduce
El
Ni o
and
its
origin.
B．To
explain
the
consequences
of
El
Ni o.
C．To
show
ways
of
fighting
against
El
Ni o.
D．To
urge
people
to
prepare
for
El
Ni o.
答案：D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可知，作者通过此文呼吁人们为厄尔尼诺现象提前做准备，因此D项正确。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)If
anyone
had
told
me
three
years
ago
that
I
would
be
spending
most
of
my
weekends
camping,
I
would
have
laughed
heartily.
Campers,
in
my
eyes,
were
people
who
enjoyed
insect
bites,
ill cooked
meals,
and
uncomfortable
sleeping
bags.
They
had
nothing
in
common
with
me.__36__
The
friends
who
introduced
me
to
camping
thought
that
it
meant
to
be
a
pioneer.
__37__
We
slept
in
a
tent,
cooked
over
an
open
fire,
and
walked
a
long
distance
to
take
the
shower
and
use
the
bathroom.
This
brief
visit
with
Mother
Nature
cost
me
two
days
off
from
work,
recovering
from
a
bad
case
of
sunburn
and
the
doctor's
bill
for
my
son's
food
poisoning.
I
was,
nevertheless,
talked
into
going
on
another
fun filled
holiday
in
the
wilderness.
__38__
Instead,
we
had
a
pop up
camper
with
comfortable
beds
and
an
air
conditioner.
My
nature loving
friends
had
remembered
to
bring
all
the
necessities
of
life.
__39__
We
have
done
a
lot
of
it
since.
Recently,
we
bought
a
twenty eight foot
travel
trailer
complete
with
a
bathroom
and
a
built in
TV
set.
There
is
a
separate
bedroom,
a
modern
kitchen
with
a
refrigerator.
The
trailer
even
has
matching
carpet
and
curtains.
__40__
It
must
be
true
that
sooner
or
later,
everyone
finds
his
or
her
way
back
to
nature.
I
recommend
that
you
find
your
way
in
style.
A．This
time
there
was
no
tent.
B．Things
are
going
to
be
improved.
C．The
trip
they
took
me
on
was
a
rough
one.
D．I
was
to
learn
a
lot
about
camping
since
then,
however.
E．I
must
say
that
I
have
certainly
come
to
enjoy
camping.
F．After
the
trip,
my
family
became
quite
interested
in
camping.
G．There
was
no
shade
as
the
trees
were
no
more
than
3
feet
tall.
篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者由不喜欢野营到喜欢上野营的过程。作者认为每个人迟早都会找到回归自然的方式，并呼吁大家积极探寻适合自己的方式。
36．D　空格前一句说“他们与我没有共同之处”，空格后一段讲述了作者的一次野营经历，前后之间存在转折关系，所以此处需要填一个承上启下的转折句，这与D项中的however相呼应。
37．C　根据后文的描述“我们睡帐篷，在篝火上做饭，走很长的路去洗澡和上厕所”可知，这次野营比较艰难，这与C项中的rough相对应。
38．A　根据后文转折副词instead后的描述“我们这次有野营车，里面有舒服的床和空调”可知，这次的野营没有帐篷。故选A。
39．F　根据空格后面一句说“从那以后我们进行了很多次野营”可知，F项“这次野营后，我的家人都对野营相当感兴趣了”承上启下。
40．E　根据整篇文章的行文思路来看，此处应填一个总结性的句子，结合空格后面一句“每个人迟早都会找到回归自然的方式”可知E项能够引出下文。
第三部分　语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2019·黑龙江省鹤岗一中高三月考)I
grew
up
believing
Sahara
Desert
to
be
a
faraway
paradise
of
charm
and
freedom.
For
many
years
I
__41__
to
meet
these
kind hearted
desert
people
there,
to
live
in
the
simple
but
comfortable
__42__，
and
ride
on
the
tall
camels.
My
dream
came
__43__
last
Christmas.
My
trip
was
filled
with
truthful
human
interaction,
sincere
friendship,
and
unavoidably,
some
__44__，
which
have
made
the
Sahara
that
once
existed
in
my
imagination
suddenly
__45__.
Our
trip
began
when
our
__46__
and
guide
Hamid
picked
us
up
at
dawn
in
Marrakesh.
Five
hours
__47__
we
began
our
long
road
trip,
we
passed
through
Hamid's
home
where
we
were
warmly
__48__
by
Hamid's
mother.
She
led
us
into
the
__49__
room
and
sat
us
down
onto
seats.
Moments
later,
a
huge
bowl
of
chicken
tagine
(炖菜)
was
served,
our
eyes
sparkled
(发光).
Seeing
our
__50__
a
huge
smile
spread
across
Hamid's
face.
After
that
hearty
__51__，
Hamid's
family
hugged
us
goodbye
at
the
door.
As
Hamid's
car
__52__，
I
saw
the
__53__
of
his
mother
and
brothers
gradually
disappearing
against
the
desert.
__54__，
a
bittersweet
feeling
rose
in
my
heart
__55__
I
was
saying
goodbye
to
old
friends.
However,
no
trip
is
perfect.
Hamid
once
took
us
into
__56__
he
called
a
“Berber
Museum”，
which
has
turned
out
to
be
a
local
carpet
__57__
whose
talkative
owner
almost
succeeded
in
__58__
us
to
buy
his
carpets.
At
that
time
I
was
a
bit
angry
about
what
was
happening.
__59__，
looking
back,
I
realized
that
tourism
is
about
__60__
the
true
spirit
of
a
place,
along
with
its
happy
surprises,
and
disappointments.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者的撒哈拉沙漠之旅及其作者对这次旅行的感悟：旅游就是要体验一个地方的真正精神，随同它带给你的惊喜和失望。
41．A.forgot
B．longed
C．agreed
D．learned
答案：B　由第43空前的“My
dream
came”可知，此处表示作者盼望见到善良的沙漠中的人们。句意：多年来，我一直渴望在那里见到这些善良的沙漠人，住在简单而舒适的营地里，骑在高高的骆驼上，故选B。
42．A.camps
B．inns
C．flats
D．castles
答案：A　人们在沙漠中旅行，应该住在营地里，故选A。
43．A.along
B．right
C．around
D．true
答案：D　句意：我的梦想在去年圣诞节实现了。come
true
“变成现实”，故选D。
44．A.sadness
B．disappointments
C．enjoyment
D．puzzles
答案：B　由第56空所在句子可知，作者的沙漠之旅也有遗憾和失望。句意：我的旅行充满了真实的人际交往，真诚的友谊，也不乏有令人失望的地方，这使得曾经在我的想象中存在的撒哈拉沙漠突然变得真实了，故选B。
45．A.fresh
B．alive
C．magic
D．real
答案：D　由上文中的“a
faraway
paradise”及本空所在句的句意可知，此处指“我”想象中存在的撒哈拉沙漠变得真实了，故选D。
46．A.cook
B．salesman
C．driver
D．doctor
答案：C　由第52空所在句子可知Hamid是司机。句意：黎明时分，司机兼导游的Hamid到Marrakesh来接我们，我们的旅行开始了，故选C。
47．A.when
B．after
C．before
D．until
答案：B　句意：在我们开始长途旅行的五个小时后，我们经过了Hamid的家，在那里我们受到了Hamid的母亲的热烈欢迎，故选B。
48．A.thanked
B．supported
C．greeted
D．praised
答案：C　由下文所述我们在Hamid家受到的款待可知，我们受到了热烈欢迎，故选C。
49．A.dressing
B．smoking
C．reading
D．dining
答案：D　句意：她领我们进了餐厅，让我们坐到座位上，故选D。
50．A.excitement
B．anxiety
C．amusement
D．caution
答案：A　句意：看到我们的兴奋，Hamid的脸上露出了灿烂的笑容，故选A。
51．A.meal
B．welcome
C．handshake
D．cheers
答案：A　句意：
在那顿丰盛的晚餐之后，Hamid的家人在门口拥抱了我们，故选A。
52．A.slowed
down
B．passed
by
C．drove
away
D．started
on
答案：C　句意：当Hamid的车开起的时候，我看到他的母亲和兄弟们逐渐消失在沙漠里，故选C。
53．A.shadows
B．statues
C．smiles
D．figures
答案：D　此处指身影的消失，故选D。
54．A.Eventually
B．Strangely
C．Urgently
D．Deliberately
答案：B　句意：奇怪的是，一种苦乐参半的感觉在我的心里油然而生，仿佛我在向老朋友告别，故选B。
55．A.in
case
B．now
that
C．even
if
D．as
if
答案：D　此处指“我”似乎在向老友告别，故选D。
56．A.which
B．what
C．where
D．that
答案：B　句意：Hamid把我们带进了他所谓的“Berber
Museum”……。此处为what引导的名词性从句，作介词的宾语，且what在从句中作called的宾语，故选B。
57．A.shop
B．factory
C．market
D．company
答案：A　由下文中的“buy
his
carpets”，可知选A。
58．A.encouraging
B．asking
C．begging
D．persuading
答案：D　此处考查短语persuade
sb.
to
do
sth.
“说服某人做某事”。
59．A.Therefore
B．Otherwise
C．However
D．Moreover
答案：C　句意：然而，回顾这次旅行，我意识到旅游就是要体验一个地方的真正精神，随同它带给我们的惊喜和失望，故选C。
60．A.expressing
B．experiencing
C．expanding
D．exposing
答案：B　由句意可知，experiencing
“体验”符合语境。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
People
around
the
world
may
feel
that
the
climate
__61__
(get)
steadily
warmer
and
warmer
in
recent
years.
Places
__62__
used
to
be
abundant
in
snowfall
have
frequently
experienced
snow free
(无雪的)
winters.
Droughts
last
__63__
(long)
in
some
dry
areas.
People
find
that
without
air
conditioners
they
could
__64__
(hard)
work
or
fall
asleep
in
hot
summer
days.
The
side
effects
of
global
warming
are
__65__
(alarm).
The
warming
global
climate
melts
the
ice
caps,
__66__
(raise)
sea
levels.
What
is
more,
__67__
disturbs
weather
patterns,
causing
droughts,
severe
storms
and
hurricanes.
People
suffer
a
lot
from
disasters
relevant
to
global
warming.
__68__
(stop)
global
warming
we
should
make
immediate
and
__69__
(continue)
efforts.
We
hope
the
situation
will
soon
change.
Global
warming
catches
and
holds
our
concern,
__70__
it
affects
us
and
will
affect
our
later
generations.
We
cannot
wait
any
longer.
Do
it
right.
Do
it
right
now.
61．_______　62._______　63._______　64._______
65．_______　66._______　67._______　68._______
69．_______　70._______
答案：61.has
been
getting　62.which/that　63.longer　64.hardly　65.alarming　66.raising　67.it　68.To
stop
69．continuous　70.for/because
第四部分　写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节　短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I
have
never
been
to
a
cooking
school.
I
learned
cooking
from
my
mother
because
she
was
really
interesting
in
teaching
me
how
to
cook.
The
main
reason
for
this
was
because
my
mother
didn't
know
how
to
cook
something
when
she
got
married.
My
grandmother
never
allowed
her
stay
in
the
kitchen.
At
the
age
of
25,
my
mother
started
cooking,
and
which
was
very
hard
for
her.
However,
she
had
to
take
a
few
cooking
class
to
prepare
our
meals.
After
having
that
experience,
she
decided
to
teach
me
how
to
cook.
I
remember
I
always
helped
out
my
mother
when
I
was
with
her
in
the
kitchen
enjoy
cooking.
Nowadays,
I
am
thankful
to
that
experience.
答案：
难项分析：
第一处：interesting→interested　考查固定搭配。be
interested
in
...为固定搭配，意为“对……感兴趣”，所以把interesting改为interested。
第二处：because→that　考查名词性从句的连接词。that引导表语从句，在从句中不充当成分，无语意，故把because改为that。
第五处：which→it　考查代词。句意：在25岁的时候，妈妈开始做饭，这对她来说很难。并列连词and连接两个并列的句子，而which为从句的关系代词。故应用it指代前面句子的内容作并列句的主语。所以把which改为it。
第二节　书面表达(满分25分)
全球变暖是一个全世界都在关注的话题，人们采取各种措施减少二氧化碳的排放，并参加各种活动来宣传环保的重要性。上周日你所在城市举办了以“The
Earth
Is
Our
Only
Home”为主题的活动，请你根据下列提示，用英语写一篇短文。
1.上周日在人民广场举行了此次活动；
2.志愿者号召人们节约能源，如少开私家车、节约用水，等等；
3.一些有趣的环保小发明吸引了大家的注意。
The
Earth
Is
Our
Only
Home
　__________________________________________
　__________________________________________
　__________________________________________
　__________________________________________
　
　
[精彩范文]
The
Earth
Is
Our
Only
Home
Global
warming
is
becoming
a
serious
problem
throughout
the
world.
People
have
realized
that
it
is
time
for
us
to
do
something.
So
many
measures
are
being
taken
to
prevent
carbon
dioxide
going
into
the
air
and
many
activities
are
also
held
to
call
on
people
to
protect
our
earth.
An
activity
called
“The
Earth
Is
Our
Only
Home”
was
held
in
People's
Square
last
Sunday.
The
volunteers
called
on
the
public
to
try
their
best
to
protect
the
earth
and
save
energy.
As
ordinary
people,
we
should
help
by
saving
water
and
electricity
in
our
life
and,
if
possible,
avoid
driving
to
reduce
air
pollution.
During
the
activity
some
environmentally
friendly
inventions
drew
people's
attention,
with
which
we
can
use
less
energy
in
our
life.
Remember:
Everyone
can
make
a
difference
to
protecting
the
environment.(共112张PPT)
Section
Ⅳ　Learning
about
Language
&
Using
Language
课前预习检测
答案
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IBEI
W(共58张PPT)
Section
Ⅲ
Grammar——it的用法(二)
课前语法感知
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课堂合作探究
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IBEI
WSection
Ⅳ　Learning
about
Language
&
Using
Language
课前预习检测
单词识记
1.tendency
(n.)
倾向；趋势→tend
(vi.)
趋向；易于
2．widespread
(adj.)
分布广的；普遍的
3．average
(adj.)
平均的
4．existence
(n.)
生存；存在→exist
(vi.)
存在
5．advocate
(vt.)
拥护；提倡；主张
6．commitment
(n.)
承诺；交托；信奉→commit
(vt.)
承诺；保证
7．pollution
(n.)
污染；弄脏→pollute
(vt.)
污染
8．growth
(n.)
增长；生长→grow
(v.)
发展；生长
9．electrical
(adj.)
电的；与电有关的→electricity
(n.)
电
10．casual
(adj.)
随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的→casually
(adv.)
随意地；漫不经心地
11．circumstance
(n.)
环境；情况
12．refresh
(vt.)
使恢复；使振作→refreshing
(adj.)
令人耳目一新的；使人精力充沛的
13．educator
(n.)
教育工作者；教育家→education
(n.)
教育；教育工作→educate
(vt.)
教育→educated
(adj.)
受过良好教育的；上过……学校的
14．contribution
(n.)
贡献→contribute
(vt.)
贡献；奉献
15．presentation
(n.)
显示；演出→present
(vt.)
提交；演出
16．disagreement
(n.)
分歧；不一致→disagree
(vi.)
不同意→(反义词)
agree
(vi.)
同意
短语完形
1.on_the_whole　　　　大体上；基本上
2．on_behalf_of
代表……一方；作为……的代言人
3．put_up_with
忍受；容忍
4．so/as_long_as
只要
5．carry_out
实施；执行
6．and_so_on
等等
7．turn_up
调高；开大；出现；到达
8．as_well_as
也；又；既……又
9．have_an_effect_on
对……有影响
10．make_a_difference
有关系；有影响
语篇理解
根据课文内容填空
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
答案：1.environmental　2.improvements　3.make　4.greenhouse　5.Turn　6.Walk　7.recycled　8.energy
9．trees　10.global
课堂合作探究
The
Language
Points
of
Learning
about
Language
1．On_the_whole
the
warming
of
the
earth
is
a
phenomenon
that
causes
great
concern.(教材P28)
总的来说，地球转暖是一个引起广泛关注的现象。
?on
the
whole大体上；基本上
①On_the_whole
our
stay
there
was
quite
enjoyable.
总的来说，我们在那儿待的时光是相当愉快的。
②We
must
look
at
the
educational
problem
as_a_whole.
我们必须从整体的角度来看待教育问题。
③We
were
there
for
the_whole_of
July.
我们整个七月都在那里。
【即景活用】
单句写作
①你在作文中犯了一些错误，但总的来说，你做得非常好了。
You
have
made
a
few
mistakes
in
your
composition
but
______________
you
have
done
well.
②她妈妈整整住了一年院。
Her
mother
spent
______________
in
hospital.
答案：①on
the
whole　②the
whole
year
2．The
greenhouse
effect
gives
the
earth's
surface
the
average
temperature
of
15
℃.(教材P29)
温室效应给了地球表面15
℃的平均温度。
?average
adj.平均的
①The_average_age_of
the
US
soldiers
who
fought
in
the
Vietnam
War
was
19.
参加越南战争的美国士兵平均年龄为19岁。
②We
have
many
new
books
in
the
library
and
we
have_an_average_of
8
books
per
student.
图书馆有很多新书，平均每个学生8本书。
③On_average,_American
firms
remain
the
most
productive
in
the
world.
一般来说，美国公司在全世界范围内生产效率是最高的。
【即景活用】
(1)单句语法填空
Last
year
the
number
of
students
who
graduated
with
a
driving
license
reached
200,000,
________
average
of
40,000
per
year.
答案：an
(2)单句写作
①气温在接下来的三个月里可能高于平均水平。
Temperatures
will
likely
be
______________
for
the
next
three
months.
②平均来讲，男性仍比女性挣得多。
____________，
men
still
earn
more
than
women.
答案：①above
average　②On
average
3．Low lying
countries
feel
their
very
existence
is
in
danger
from
rising
sea
levels.(教材P29)
地势低洼的国家感到他们的生存受到上升的海平面的威胁。
?existence
n．存在；生存
①The
store
came_into_existence
more
than
ten
years
ago.
这个商场十几年前就存在了。
②Fish
can't
exist
without
water.
没有水，鱼就不能生存。
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①The
Department
that
you
are
referring
to
is
not
________
existence.
②All
our
marvelous
and
advanced
technology
would
never
come
into
________
(exist)
on
this
planet.
③They
can't
exist
________
the
money
he's
earning.
答案：①in　②existence　③on
The
Language
Points
of
Using
Language
[第1段]
1．I
am
doing
a
project
on_behalf_of
my
school
about
global
warming.(教材P30)
我正代表学校做一项关于全球变暖的课题研究。
?on
behalf
of
代表……一方；作为……的代言人
①On_behalf_of
everyone
here,
may
I
wish
you
a
very
happy
retirement.
请允许我代表在座的各位祝你退休后生活愉快。
②The
competition
attracted
over
500
players
representing
8
different
countries.
这次比赛吸引了代表8个不同国家的500多名运动员。
【即景活用】
单句写作
①他代表全体教职员工讲了话。
He
spoke
________________
all
the
members
of
the
faculty
and
staff.
②今天总统不能来了，所以我将代表他讲话。
The
President
can't
be
here
today,
so
I'm
going
to
speak
________________.
③这个公司的字头代表了其创始人吗？
Do
the
company's
initials
____________
its
founders
答案：①on
behalf
of　②on
his
behalf　③stand
for
2．However,
I
still
think
people
should
advocate
improvements
in
the
way
we
use
energy
today.(教材P30)
然而，我仍认为人们应该提倡改善当今能源的消耗方式。
?advocate
vt.
拥护；提倡；主张
①The
report
advocated
that
all
buildings
(should)
be
fitted
with
smoke
detectors.
报告主张所有的建筑物都应安装烟火探测器。
②Many
experts
advocate_rewarding
your
child
for
good
behavio(u)r.
很多专家主张对孩子的良好表现加以奖励。
③He
is
a
strong
advocate_of/for
prison
reform.
他是监狱改革的坚持拥护者。
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①Many
experts
advocate
that
children
________
(give)
more
free
time.
②In
the
college,
the
professor
he
met
first
was
________
advocate
of
truth.
答案：①(should)
be
given　②an
3．As
I'm
not
sure
where_to_start_with
my
project,
I
would
appreciate
any
suggestions
you
may
have.(教材P30)
因为我还不清楚我该从哪里着手开始我的研究，所以我会感激你们的任何建议。
?疑问词(where)＋不定式结构
[剖析]　本句使用了“疑问词＋不定式”结构。
①Where_to_go_tomorrow
has
not
been
decided.
明天到什么地方去尚未决定。
②After
the
work,
I
don't
know
what_to_do
next.
下班之后，我不知道接下来做什么。
③I
have
no
way
yet
as
to
how_to_deal_with
such
a
complicated
situation.
这样复杂的局面该怎么应付我还没谱儿呢。
④I
can't
tell
my
parents
about
it;
I
don't
know
who_to_turn_to
(＝I
don't
know
who
I
should
turn
to)．
我不能跟我的父母说这件事，我不知道该求谁。
名师点津
“疑问词＋不定式”结构相当于相应的疑问词引导的名词性从句。
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①The
little
boy
was
wondering
how
________
(solve)
the
problem.
②Jack
did
not
know
where
________
(find)
such
a
good
teacher.
答案：①to
solve　②to
find
[第2段]
4．Together,
individuals
can
make_a_difference.(教材P30)
众人拾柴火焰高。
?make
a
difference
有影响；有区别
①Without
doubt,
his
decision
will
make_a_difference
to
his
family.
他的决定无疑会对他的家庭产生重大影响。
②Whether
he
is
here
or
not
will
make_no_difference
to
our
work.
他在不在对我们的工作没有影响。
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①China
is
strong
enough
to
make
a
great
________
(differ)
to
the
world.
②I
can
never
tell
the
difference
________
the
twins.
答案：①difference　②between
5．We
do
not
have
to
put_up_with
pollution.(教材P30)
我们不必去忍受污染。
?put
up
with忍受；容忍
①There
are
many
inconveniences
that
you
have
to
put_up_with
when
you
are
camping.
你在露营时必须忍受许多不便。
②One
should
always
put
a
little
money
aside
for
a
rainy
day.
一个人总应积攒点钱以备不时之需。
③He
put_forward
a
plan
for
the
committee
to
consider.
他提出一项计划交由委员会审议。
④Never
put_off
till
tomorrow
what
you
can
do
today.
今日事，今日毕。
【即景活用】
单句写作
①我想人们对这种胡闹总有一个承受极限。
I
think
there
is
a
limit
to
how
much
of
this
nonsense
people
are
going
to
________________.
②她把牛奶收好后转过身来。
She
finished
____________________
and
turned
around.
③远水救不了近火。
Far
water
does
not
____________
near
fire.
答案：①put
up
with　②putting
the
milk
away　③put
out
[第4段]
6．It
is
OK
to
leave
an
electrical
appliance
on
so_long_as
you
are
using
it—if_not,_turn
it
off!
(教材P30)
只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着。如果不用就把它关掉！
?so
long
as引导条件状语从句，if
not省略结构
[剖析]　(1)so
long
as意思是“只要”，相当于
as
long
as，引导条件状语从句。
(2)句中if
not是if
you
are
not
using
it的省略形式。
①So/As_long_as
what
you
do
is
right,
I'll
go
along
with
you.
只要你们做得对，我就会同意。
②He
will
be
all
right
so_long_as
you
don't
touch
his
sore
spot.
只要你不提起他的伤心事，他是没有什么的。
③Are
you
pressed
for
time,
Mr
Bayliss
If_not
(If
you
are
not
pressed
for
time),
I
suggest
we
have
lunch.
你时间紧吗，贝利斯先生？如果不紧，不如我们一起吃午饭吧。
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①As
________
as
my
heart
still
beats,
I
will
go
on
working
for
the
people.
②The
arrangements,
if
________
ideal,
are
fairly
satisfactory.
③If
________，
call
to
find
out
about
the
company
dress
code
before
the
interview.
答案：①long　②not　③possible
[第6段]
7．Recycle
cans,
bottles,
plastic
bags
and
newspapers
if
circumstances
allow
you
to.(教材P30)
如果情况允许的话，把罐头盒、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸回收利用起来。
?circumstance
n．环境；情况
①If
you
know
all
the
circumstances,_I'm
sure
you
would
excuse
me.
如果你知道情况的话，我相信你会原谅我的。
②Under/In_the_circumstances,_it
seemed
better
not
to
tell
him
about
the
accident.
在这种情况下，不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。
③Under/In_no_circumstances
should
you
lend
Tom
money.
任何情况下都不要借钱给Tom。
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①We
should
not
criticize
the
parents
________
the
circumstances.
②Under
no
circumstances
________
he
going
to
resign.
答案：①under/in　②is/was
[第8段]
8．Plant
trees
in
your
garden
or
your
school
yard,
as
they
absorb
carbon
dioxide
from
the
air
and
refresh
your
spirit
when
you
look
at
them.(教材P30)
在你的花园或校园里种树，因为他们能够吸收空气中的二氧化碳，还能在你观赏时振奋你的精神。
?refresh
vt.使恢复；使振作
①She
was_refreshed_by
a
quick
nap.
小睡一会儿后她觉得精神焕发。
②He
had
to
refresh
his
memory
by
looking
at
his
notes.
他不得不靠看笔记来提醒自己。
③It
is
refreshing
to
hear
a
politician
speak
so
honestly.
听到政治家如此诚实地讲话令人耳目一新。
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①A
gentle
breeze
was
blowing,
and
I
felt
________
(refresh)．
②It
made
a
________
(refresh)
change
to
see
a
good
old fashioned
movie.
答案：①refreshed　②refreshing
关于全球变暖，我们能干些什么呢？
亲爱的“关爱地球”组织：
我正代表学校做一项关于全球变暖的课题研究。有时候我觉得，像这样一个巨大的环境问题，个人是起不了什么作用的。然而，我仍认为人们应该提倡改善当今能源的消耗方式。因为我还不清楚我该从哪里着手开始我的研究，所以我会感激你们的任何建议。
谢谢！
欧阳光
亲爱的欧阳光：
有许多人承担你这样的义务，而他们不相信自己有能力来影响环境。这种想法是不正确的。众人拾柴火焰高。我们不必去忍受污染。
空气中的温室气体，二氧化碳的增长的确是来自我们许多的日常活动。这儿有几条关于减少空气中二氧化碳含量的建议。这些建议应当能够促进你的研究。
1.在室内我们会用大量的能源。只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着——如果不用就把它关掉！不要对此疏忽大意。因此，你如果不用电灯、电视、电脑等时，要把它们关掉。如果你觉得冷了，就多穿点衣服，而不要把暖气开大。
2.机动车要用大量的能源。因此，只要有可能，你就步行或骑自行车吧。
3.如果情况允许的话，把罐头盒、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸回收利用起来。用新材料来做这些东西要花费大量的能源。因此，只要有可能，就买那些用回收材料制成的物品吧。
4.劝你的父母去买那些节约能源的产品，包括汽车和像冰箱、微波炉之类的小件物品。
5.在你的花园或校园里种树，因为它们能吸收空气中的二氧化碳，还能在你观赏时振奋你的精神。
6.最后，也是最重要的是，做一个教育者。同你的家人和朋友谈一谈全球变暖的问题，并把你学到的东西告诉他们。
记住，你的贡献是很有价值的。
“关爱地球”组织
课后演练提能
[基础题]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．That
is
not
so
bad,
considering
the
c________
that
we
have
a
room
to
live
in.
答案：circumstances
2．I
found
there
was
an
e________
fault
in
the
engine.
答案：electrical
3．His
parents
are
both
e________
at
school.
答案：educators
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)I'll
give
a
p________
on
it
in
my
class
tomorrow.
答案：presentation
5．The
sense
of
e________
is
the
greatest
happiness.
答案：existence
Ⅱ.选词填空
on
the
whole，
on
behalf
of，
put
up
with，
so
long
as，
carry
out，
if
not，
on
average，
come
into
existence，
under
no
circumstances，
contribute
to
1．The
school
________
a
new
policy
on
the
cell
phone.
答案：carried
out
2．Various
factors
________
his
downfall.
答案：contributed
to
3．We
can
overcome
any
difficulty
________
we
are
closely
united.
答案：so
long
as
4．You'd
better
get
up
early.
________，
you'll
be
late
for
school.
答案：If
not
5．Pakistan
________
as
an
independent
country
in
1947.
答案：came
into
existence
6．________
the
class,
I
would
like
to
thank
you
all.
答案：On
behalf
of
7．________，
he
gets
three
calls
per
hour
during
office
hours.
答案：On
average
8．My
opinion
is
________
the
same
as
yours.
答案：on
the
whole
9．They
had
________
behavior
from
their
son
which
they
would
not
have
tolerated
from
anyone
else.
答案：put
up
with
10．________
should
you
drive
too
fast.
答案：Under
no
circumstances
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．(2017·江苏高考)Located
where
the
Belt
meets
the
Road,
Jiangsu
will
contribute
more
________
the
Belt
and
Road
construction.
答案：to
2．Will
you
be
free
this
afternoon
If
________，
let's
go
to
the
concert
together.
答案：so
3．Our
company
has
a
________
(commit)
to
quality
and
customer
service.
答案：commitment
4．We
should
be
able
to
do
the
job
for
you
quickly,
so
________
as
you
give
us
all
the
necessary
information.
答案：long
5．(2018·天津十二校联考)People
who
fail
to
take
the
challenge
will
have
to
donate
$100
to
the
ALS
Association,
which
advocates
________
(find)
treatment
and
a
cure
for
ALS.
答案：finding
6．Life
________
these
challenging
circumstances
has
inspired
the
Dutch
to
develop
many
excellent
methods
of
fighting
floods.
答案：in
7．A
5 day
vacation
will
be
a
________
(refresh)
experience
to
us.
It's
worth
looking
forward
to.
答案：refreshing
8．—Does
that
make
any
________
(different)
—Yes,
it
matters
a
great
deal.
答案：difference
9．—It's
no
use
having
ideas
only.
—Don't
worry.
Peter
can
show
you
how
________
(turn)
an
idea
into
an
act.
答案：to
turn
10．(2018·合肥期中)Trees
can
absorb
exhaust
fumes
from
cars,
thus
reducing
________
(pollute)．
答案：pollution
Ⅳ.单句写作
1．她努力学习结果通过了考试。
She
studied
hard,
and
as
________________，
she
passed
the
exam.
答案：a
consequence/result
2．杰西卡扫视了一下大厅，发现观众中有许多熟悉的面孔。
Jessica
________________
the
hall,
and
found
many
familiar
faces
among
the
audience.
答案：took
a
glance
around/glanced
around
3．彼得始终弄不明白他怎么就被解雇了呢。
Peter
just
couldn't
figure
out
how
it
________________
he
was
dismissed.
答案：came
about
that
4．即使你英语很流利，你在美国也会不时地遇到麻烦。
____________________
in
English,
you
will
come
across
difficulties
now
and
then
when
in
the
US.
答案：Even
if
you
are
fluent
5．我叔叔定期向当地慈善机构捐款。
My
uncle
__________________
to
the
local
charity.
答案：subscribes
regularly
[能力题]
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2019·广东省惠州市高三第一次调研考试)When
69 year old
Dobrgyal
started
looking
after
the
wild
macaques
(猕猴)
at
a
scenic
spot
in
China's
Tibet
Autonomous
Region,
their
population
__1__
only
40－50.
Today,
18
years
later,
that
same
place
is
__2__
to
over
2,800
Tibetan
macaques.
Dobrgyal's
relationship
with
the
Tibetan
macaques
has
been
described
as
a
__3__
love
story
between
man
and
monkeys.
A
former
__4__
keeper,
Dobrgyal
has
been
driving
5
km
almost
every
day
just
to
feed
the
macaques,
show
them
__5__
and
make
sure
they
are
healthy.
__6__，
he
has
even
taken
some
of
the
sick
animals
home
and
__7__
them
back
to
health.
China.
org.
cn
reports
that
Dobrgyal
has
been
the
only
one
working
as
a
__8__
in
the
Gongbo'gyamda
area
for
the
last
18
years,
and
__9__
him
as
the
main
reason
that
the
macaque
population
is
rising.
Tibetan
macaques
are
a(n)
__10__
species
in
China,
and
their
food
is
provided
by
the
Gongbo'gyamda
forestry
bureau
(局),
but
it's
Dobrgyal
who
loads
the
bags
into
his
truck
and
__11__it
to
the
monkeys
personally.
Thanks
to
his
__12__，
the
macaques
have
become
very
__13__
with
tourists,
many
of
whom
also
help
to
__14__
the
animals.
Having
dedicated
almost
two
decades
of
his
life
to
the
macaques,
Dobrgyal
now__15__himself
about
what
will
happen
to
them
if
his
physical
__16__
no
longer
allows
him
to
take
care
of
them
properly.
“Now
I'm
so
old,
nearly
70
years
old，”
Dobrgyal
said
recently.
“In
the
__17__
of
my
life
I
will
do
my
best
to
take
care
of
the
monkeys,
but
if
someday
my
health
__18__
me
feeding
them
anymore,
I
will
have
my
sons
replace
me.”
__19__，
the
furry
creatures
will
be
able
to
rely
on
their
__20__
human
father
for
many
years
to
come.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要叙述了在Dobrgyal的努力下，野生猕猴的数量增加了，同时他们之间也建立了一份真挚的感情。
1．A.numbered
B．reduced
C．confirmed
D．turned
答案：A　根据下文“Today,
18
years
later,
that
same
place
is
__2__
to
over
2,800
Tibetan
macaques.”的提示可知，此处表示它们的数量总共(numbered)只有40到50只。
2．A.seen
B．fun
C．home
D．known
答案：C　根据上文“looking
after
the
wild
macaques
(猕猴)
at
a
scenic
spot
in
China's
Tibet
Autonomous
Region”的描述可知，18年后的今天，这里是2,800多只西藏猕猴的家(home)。
3．A.mouthwatering
B．heartbreaking
C．breathtaking
D．heartwarming
答案：D　根据下文“Dobrgyal
has
been
driving
5
km
almost
every
day
just
to
feed
the
macaques,
show
them
__5__
and
make
sure
they
are
healthy”的描述可知，此处为Dobrgyal和西藏猕猴之间的关系被描述为人类和猴子之间的一个暖人的(heartwarming)爱的故事。mouthwatering
“令人垂涎的”；heartbreaking
“使人心碎的”；breathtaking
“惊人的”。
4．A.forest
B．house
C．garden
D．soccer
答案：A　根据上文中的“looking
after
the
wild
macaques
(猕猴)
at
a
scenic
spot”可推知，此处应为Dobrgyal以前是一个森林(forest)看守人。
5．A.honor
B．respect
C．affection
D．mercy
答案：C　根据上文“Dobrgyal's
relationship
with
the
Tibetan
macaques
has
been
described
as
a
__3__
love
story
between
man
and
monkeys.”的描述可知，此处为向它们表达喜爱(affection)，并确保它们是健康的。
6．A.In
return
B．On
occasion
C．In
vain
D．On
purpose
答案：B　根据上文“Dobrgyal
has
been
driving
5
km
almost
every
day
just
to
feed
the
macaques,
show
them
__5__
and
make
sure
they
are
healthy”的描述可知，此处前后形成语意上的衔接，所以此处为偶尔(On
occasion)，他也带一些生病的猴子回家照顾。
7．A.expected
B．sent
C．forced
D．nursed
答案：D　根据上文“he
has
even
taken
some
of
the
sick
animals
home”的描述可知，此处为照顾(nursed)它们直到它们恢复健康。
8．A.feeder
B．leader
C．friend
D．farmer
答案：A　根据上文“Dobrgyal
has
been
...
just
to
feed
the
macaques”的描述可知，此处表示作为唯一的饲养员(feeder)。
9．A.guesses
B．credits
C．assumes
D．questions
答案：B　根据上文“China.
reports
that
Dobrgyal
has
been
the
only
one
working
as
a
__8__
in
the
Gongbo'gyamda
area
for
the
last
18
years”的描述可知，此处前后形成并列关系，表示“并认为(credits)猕猴数量上升是Dobrgyal的功劳”。
10．A.aggressive
B．protected
C．dangerous
D．controlled
答案：B　根据常识和空后的“and
their
food
is
provided
by
the
Gongbo'gyamda
forestry
bureau
(局)”可知，西藏猕猴在中国是受保护的(protected)动物。
11．A.donates
B．declares
C．returns
D．delivers
答案：D　根据空前的“loads
the
bags
into
his
truck
and”可知，此处为亲自把食物送给(delivers)猴子。
12．A.wisdom
B．bravery
C．efforts
D．intentions
答案：C　根据上文的内容及语境可知，由于Dobrgyal所做出的努力(efforts)，西藏猕猴在游客中很受欢迎(popular)。
13．A.popular
B．confident
C．shy
D．cautious
答案：A　参见上题解析。confident
“自信的”；cautious
“谨慎的”。
14．A.raise
B．feed
C．buy
D．observe
答案：B　根据上文的“the
macaques
have
become
very
__13__
with
tourists”可知，此处前后形成因果关系，表示许多游客也帮忙去喂养(feed)它们。
15．A.concerns
B．advises
C．predicts
D．comments
答案：A　根据下文的“what
will
happen
to
them
if
his
physical
__16__
no
longer
allows
him
to
take
care
of
them
properly”可知，让Dobrgyal担心(concerns)的是如果他的身体状况(condition)不再允许他充分地照顾猕猴了怎么办。
16．A.age
B．body
C．attitude
D．condition
答案：D　参见上题解析。
17．A.process
B．middle
C．rest
D．next
答案：C　根据上文“Now
I'm
so
old,
nearly
70
years
old”的描述可知，此处表示“在我的余生中(In
the
rest
of
my
life)”。
18．A.keeps
B．permits
C．allows
D．prevents
答案：D　根据上文的“In
the
__17__
of
my
life
I
will
do
my
best
to
take
care
of
the
monkeys”可知，此处前后形成转折，也即“但如果有一天我的健康状况阻止(prevents)我再喂养它们，我会让我的儿子们接替我”。
19．A.Unfortunately
B．Hopefully
C．Generally
D．Actually
答案：B　根据空后的“the
furry
creatures
will
be
able
to
rely
on
their
__20__
human
father
for
many
years
to
come”可知，此处为表达希望，故hopefully
“有望”符合语境。
20．A.official
B．typical
C．adoptive
D．spiritual
答案：C　这些毛茸茸的动物在未来的许多年里将有望能够依靠收养它们的人类父亲生存。adoptive
“收养的”，符合语境。
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Americans
waste
energy
every
year,
from
electronics
using
too
much
power,
leaking
faucets
(水龙头),
uneaten
foods
and
many
other
preventable
causes.
__1__
And
it
will
make
you
feel
good
knowing
you
are
helping
to
make
the
earth
a
better
place
for
the
future.
In
the
Kitchen
You
can
easily
save
energy
in
the
kitchen
by
changing
the
way
you
use
appliances.
First,
the
dishwasher.
Forget
the
“Dry
Cycle”.
Open
the
dishwasher
door
and
allow
dishes
to
air
dry.
__2__
In
the
Bathroom
You
may
love
your
hot
shower,
but
it
is
no
good
for
the
environment.
Try
taking
baths
instead
of
showers
to
conserve
water.
Turn
off
the
tap
while
you
are
brushing
your
teeth,
washing
your
face,
or
shaving
in
order
to
keep
from
wasting
the
water.
__3__
In
the
Garden
Green
living
has
no
better
place
than
in
a
green
garden.
Instead
of
watering
your
lawn
with
water
you
pay
for,
purchase
a
rain
barrel
to
capture
rain
water.
__4__
Compost
will
break
down
leftover
vegetables
and
paper
products
and
turn
them
into
a
usable,
rich
soil.
The
soil
will
come
in
handy
when
you
start
growing
your
own
vegetables.
At
the
Office
Green
living
does
not
have
to
stop
when
you
go
to
work.
Change
your
typical
work
routine
by
walking,
riding
your
bike
or
taking
public
transportation
to
the
workplace.
__5__
Save
paper
by
printing
on
both
sides
of
each
page
and
by
using
old
paper
as
scrap
paper
for
jotting
down
notes.
A．A
vegetable
garden
saves
you
money.
B．You
can
also
save
money
by
building
a
compost
area.
C．Transporting
vegetables
to
the
local
grocery
store
requires
much
gas.
D．Likewise,
open
the
oven
door
to
allow
heat
to
warm
the
room.
E．While
at
work,
reduce
waste
by
bringing
your
own
cup
for
coffee
or
water.
F．Introducing
green
living
techniques
into
your
home
will
help
the
environment.
G．If
you
are
remodeling
your
bathroom,
install
a
dual
flush
toilet
to
conserve
water
when
flushing
(冲洗)．
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。全文主要介绍了在家中和办公场所可以践行的一些有助于保护环境的绿色生活方式和方法。
1．F　根据下文所述对厨房、卫生间、花园及办公室做的有利于环境的改进可知，所填句子承上启下，唯有F项(在家里引入绿色生活的方式有助于保护环境)引出下文，且符合语境。
2．D　上文提到打开洗碗机的门让碗碟自然风干，此处选择D项(同样，打开烤炉的门让房间变暖)符合上文语境。
3．G　上文提到在刷牙、洗脸或者刮胡子时关闭水龙头以节约用水，此处选择G项(如果你要改装浴室，就安装一个双重冲水马桶的装置以节约用水)紧承上文。
4．B　根据下文提到的堆肥会分解剩下的蔬菜和纸制品以使土壤变得肥沃可知，此处选择B项(你还可以通过建立堆肥区来节约开支)符合下文语境。
5．E　本段主要讲了在办公室里对环境的保护，故此处选择E项(当工作时，通过自带咖啡杯或者水杯来减少浪费)符合上下文语境。(共109张PPT)
第四单元水平测试
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答案Section
Ⅰ　Pre reading
(Warming
Up
&
Reading)
课前预习自测
全球在变暖——这会带来什么影响吗？
在20世纪期间，地球温度大约升了华氏1度。这个数值对你我来说很可能是无所谓的，但是跟其他自然变化相比较而言，这却是一种快速的增长。那么，这种温度的增长是怎么产生的呢？会产生什么影响吗？“关爱地球”组织的索菲·阿姆斯特朗就在探究这些问题。
毫无疑问，地球是在变暖(见表1)，而地球变暖正是人类活动导致而成的，并非是一种无规律的自然现象。
表1：1860～2000年长期平均温度差
所有的科学家赞同这种观点：人们为了生产能量而燃烧化石燃料(如煤、天然气和石油等)，从而引起了地球温度的升高。这个升温过程的一些副产品就叫作“温室”气体，其中最重要的就是二氧化碳。贾尼丝·福斯特博士解释说：“有一种科学家称之为‘温室效应’的自然现象。这种现象发生在大气层中少量的气体(如二氧化碳、甲烷、水蒸气等)吸收太阳的热量，因而使地球变暖的时候。如果没有这种‘温室效应’，地球的温度将比现在的温度还要低33摄氏度左右。因此，我们需要这些气体。当我们在大气层中增加了大量额外的二氧化碳时，问题就来了。这意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中，从而引起全球温度上升。”
我们知道，在过去100～150年期间，二氧化碳的含量急剧增加了。有一位名叫查尔斯·基林的科学家曾经把1957～1997年期间大气层中二氧化碳的含量作了精确的统计。他发现，在这些年里，大气层中的二氧化碳含量从315/1,000，000上升到370/1,000,000。(见表2)
表2：1957～1997年大气中的二氧化碳含量
所有科学家都接受这个数据。他们还赞同这种观点：正是由于越来越多地燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。那么气温会升到多高？福斯特博士说，在今后的100年里，全球变暖的量可能低到1～1.5摄氏度，但是也有可能高达5摄氏度。
然而，科学家们在对待升温的态度上却是大不相同的。一方面，福斯特博士认为气温升高5度的趋势可能导致一场大灾难。她说：“对于未来的气候，我们不可能作出精确的预测，但是那时的天气可能是很糟糕的。”同意她的观点的其他科学家认为，全球变暖会导致海平面上升好几米；也有人预言会出现严重的风暴、洪涝、干旱、饥荒、疫病和物种的灭绝。另一方面，还有一些人，像科学家乔治·汉布利，反对上面的观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中会有高含量的二氧化碳。他们预言说，变暖的情况不会很严重，对环境的影响也不会太坏。汉布利实际上是这样说的：“二氧化碳含量的增加实际上是件好事，它使植物生长更快，庄稼产量更高，还会促进动物的生长——所有这些都能改善人类的生活。”
温室气体继续在大气中聚集。即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。没有人知道全球变暖会带来什么样的影响。这是不是意味着我们就不必采取任何措施呢？还是说，这样不采取任何措施危险性会很大呢？
课堂合作探究
1.We
depend_on
energy
to
do
many
things
in
our
daily
lives.(教材P25)
在我们的日常生活中，我们依靠能源去做很多事情。
?depend
on
依靠，信赖；相信；取决于，由……决定
①Children
depend_on
their
parents
for
food
and
clothing.
孩子们靠父母供给衣食。
②Whether
you
can
win
the
prize
depends_on
your
behavior.
你是否能赢得这个奖取决于你的表现。
③You
can
depend_on_it_that
he
will
come
here
on
time.
你可以相信，他会准时来这儿的。
名师点津
depend
on的近义短语有rely
on/count
on,
其中on可换为upon。
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①Norway's
economy
is
heavily
________
(depend)
on
natural
resources.
②She
would
like
to
be
financially
________
(depend)．
③You
may
depend
on
________
that
he
will
join
our
club.
④Ants
live
in
societies
in
which
they
depend
on
one
another
________
(keep)
things
going
well.
⑤Whatever
they
do,
wolves
always
depend
on
the
group
________
their
victory.
答案：①dependent　②independent　③it　④to
keep　⑤for
2．Make
a
list
of
the
things
that
consume
energy
in
your
home,
school,
or
any
other
places
you
can
think
of.(教材P25)
列个清单，列出在你的家里、学校或者你能想到的其他任何地方消耗能源的东西。
?consume
vt.消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完
①Only
27%
of
the
paper
we
consume
is
recycled.
我们消耗的纸张只有27%得到回收利用。
②He
was_consumed_with
guilt
after
the
accident.
这次意外事故发生后，他心里充满了内疚。
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①The
meat
was
declared
unfit
for
human
________
(consume).
②________
(consume)
will
soon
be
paying
higher
airfares.
答案：①consumption　②Consumers
课文预学检测
Ⅰ.Fast reading
Read
the
text
quickly
and
then
try
to
write
down
the
main
idea.
The
passage
is
mainly
about
______________
of
the
earth.
答案：the
warming
Ⅱ.Careful reading
Choose
the
best
answers
according
to
the
passage.
1．Who
was
it
that
found
out
the
amount
of
carbon
dioxide
in
the
atmosphere
from
1957
to
1977
A．George
Hambley.
B．Sophie
Armstrong.
C．Dr
Janice
Foster.
D．Charles
Keeling.
答案：D
2．From
the
text,
we
can
see
the
author
agrees
that
________.
A．actually
global
warming
is
good
for
man
B．we
should
do
nothing
about
the
global
warming
C．catastrophe
will
happen
if
the
globe
keeps
on
warming
D．a
lot
remains
to
be
found
out
about
the
effects
of
global
warming
答案：D
3．Which
of
the
following
statements
is
correct
according
to
the
passage
A．The
temperature
rose
5
degree
Fahrenheit
from
1860
to
2000.
B．The
carbon
dioxide
content
in
the
air
increased
by
70
parts
per
million
from
1957
to
1997.
C．All
the
scientists
accept
the
data
made
by
Charles
Keeling.
D．Janice
Foster
says
that
more
carbon
dioxide
will
make
plants
grow
faster.
答案：C
4．According
to
the
passage,
the
global
warming
is
mainly
due
to
________.
A．burning
fossil
fuel
B．human
activity
C．having
too
much
carbon
dioxide
in
the
sky
D．some
catastrophes
答案：B
课后演练提能
[基础题]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．(2017·江苏高考)First
they
collected
sound
________
(数据)
from
67
nests
in
four
sites
in
Queensland
before
and
after
hatching.
答案：data
2．(2017·北京高考)The
numbers
might
sound
small,
but
they
are
the
leading
edge
of
a
dangerous
________
(趋势)．
答案：trend
3．I'm
sorry
I'm
totally
__________
(反对的)
to
your
opinion.
答案：opposed
4．The
heavy
rain
has
caused________
(洪水)
in
many
parts
of
the
country.
答案：floods
5．A
________
(一瞥)
at
my
watch
showed
that
it
was
nearly
five
and
I
was
bored
to
death.
答案：glance
6．As
a
________
(结果)
of
enjoying
the
paintings,
Shelley
wanted
to
become
an
artist.
答案：consequence
7．Your
blood
pressure's
well
within
the
normal
________
(范围)．
答案：range
8．They
just
made
a
___________
(随机的)
selection
of
women
who
were
in
the
shop.
答案：random
9．Judging
from
the
new
________
(现象),
a
terrible
storm
is
on
its
way
here.
答案：phenomenon
10．What
do
we
do
with
the
spent
nuclear
__________(燃料)
答案：fuel
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．We
may
depend
on
________
that
our
teacher
will
help
us
if
necessary.
答案：it
2．A
salesman's
job
is
to
seek
out
more
________
(consume)．
答案：consumers
3．Faced
with
difficulties,
you
just
need
to
keep
________
trying.
答案：on
4．He
laughed
so
hard
that
he
grabbed
the
door
knob
to
keep
himself
________
falling.
答案：from
5．Even
________
the
forest
park
is
far
away,
a
lot
of
tourists
visit
it
every
year.
答案：though/if
6．The
cat
stayed
well
out
of
________
(range)
of
the
children.
答案：range
7．He
________
(subscribe)
a
lot
of
money
to
the
local
hospital.
答案：subscribed
8．Jack
is
very
________
(mildly)
and
doesn't
get
angry
easily.
答案：mild
9．Lot
of
villagers
chose
to
leave
because
their
houses
were
ruined
in
the
________
(flood)．
答案：floods
10．Every
time
Jenny
spoke
of
studying
abroad,
her
mother
was
________
(oppose)
to
it.
答案：opposed
[能力题]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2019·湖南省三湘名校教育联盟高三第一次大联考)Not
only
does
the
use
of
plastic
water
bottles
hurt
your
wallet,
it
also
increases
pollution
and
wastes
energy
and
water.
Only
23%
of
all
plastic
in
America
ends
up
in
a
recycling
bin,
meaning
over
$1
billion
worth
of
plastic
is
treated
as
rubbish
a
year.
Recently,
Skipping
Rocks
Lab
has
invented
a
kind
of
water
bottle
called
Ooho.
It
is
a
convenient,
clear
water
bottle
that
can
either
be
drunken
or
eaten.
To
drink
it,
you
can
either
peel
off
the
membrane
(薄膜)
or
tear
a
hole
in
the
membrane
with
your
teeth
to
pour
the
water
into
your
mouth.
To
eat
it,
you
simply
put
the
whole
bottle
in
your
mouth.
One
problem
the
scientists
have
run
into
is
how
to
ship
large
amounts
of
Ooho
bubbles
without
arriving
with
a
very
wet
truck.
However,
they
have
attempted
to
package
units
of
individual
bubbles
together
inside
a
larger
and
thicker
membrane.
It
is
targeting
large
outdoor
events,
such
as
marathons,
music
festivals,
and
sporting
events,
where
tons
of
plastic
bottles
are
used,
and
frequently
left
behind
as
litter.
And
too
much
plastic
is
sure
to
do
harm
to
the
environment,
which
could
account
for
their
purpose
of
such
a
new
invention.
The
team
has
been
working
for
the
past
two
years
to
develop
the
technology
and
materials
needed
to
produce
Ooho;
they
have
recently
applied
a
patent
for
their
new
advancements.
The
price
for
an
individual
bubble
or
a
unit
of
bubbles
has
not
been
set
yet,
but
they
cost
about
two
cents
to
create
a
unit,
which
is
cheaper
than
plastic
bottles.
It
has
appeared
at
events
in
London,
San
Francisco,
Boston,
at
conferences,
festivals,
and
so
on.
Ooho
is
catching
many
people's
attention
and
has
raised
over
$1
million
and
gained
1,000
investors
in
only
three
days.
It
is
mostly
being
sold
at
events
at
the
moment
to
keep
the
consumer's
interest
while
the
production
machine
is
getting
up
and
running.
It
is
quickly
making
a
rise,
so
keep
an
eye
out
this
year
for
these
bottles
of
the
future.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Skipping
Rocks
Lab发明的新型水瓶——环保储水容器Ooho，它是一个能携带水的球面薄膜，制作成本低廉，强韧、环保而且可食用。
1．How
is
most
plastic
dealt
with
in
America
A．It's
sold.
B．It's
recycled.
C．It's
buried.
D．It's
wasted.
答案：D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Only
23%
of
all
plastic
in
America
ends
up
in
a
recycling
bin,
meaning
over
$1
billion
worth
of
plastic
is
treated
as
rubbish
a
year.”可知，在美国，只有23%的塑料资源被回收利用，大部分的塑料都被当作垃圾扔掉了，故选D。
2．Why
did
the
team
invent
Ooho
A．To
make
a
profit
for
a
company.
B．To
protect
the
environment.
C．To
make
people
eat
as
they
drink.
D．To
reduce
the
cost
of
plastic
bottles.
答案：B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“it
also
increases
pollution
and
wastes
energy
and
water”和第二段中的“And
too
much
plastic
is
sure
to
do
harm
to
the
environment,
which
could
account
for
their
purpose
of
such
a
new
invention.”可知，Skipping
Rocks
Lab发明新型环保的储水容器Ooho的目的是保护环境，故选B。
3．What
can
we
infer
about
Ooho
from
the
text
A．It
is
easy
and
safe
to
ship
it
in
large
amounts.
B．It
has
become
popular
since
it
began
to
be
sold.
C．It
might
be
sold
at
a
lower
price
than
plastic
bottles.
D．It
cost
the
team
a
lot
of
money
to
develop
the
technology.
答案：C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The
price
for
an
individual
bubble
or
a
unit
of
bubbles
has
not
been
set
yet,
but
they
cost
about
two
cents
to
create
a
unit,
which
is
cheaper
than
plastic
bottles.”可知，制造储水容器Ooho的成本比塑料矿泉水瓶低得多，因此可以推断出其市场售价可能会比塑料瓶低，故选C。
4．What
does
the
author
really
want
to
say
in
the
last
paragraph
A．Ooho
is
to
be
a
success
in
the
future.
B．Ooho
is
being
supported
by
smart
people.
C．Ooho
is
taking
the
place
of
plastic
bottles
now.
D．Ooho
is
being
produced
to
attract
more
investors.
答案：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是“It
is
quickly
making
a
rise,
so
keep
an
eye
out
this
year
for
these
bottles
of
the
future.”可知，许多投资商看好储水容器Ooho的市场前景，作者也相信它一定会成功的，故选A。
1．tear
v.
撕裂；撕破
2.bubble
n.
泡，水泡
3．advancement
n.
进步；进展
1．run
into
遇见
2.large
amounts
of
大量的
3．account
for
解释
Ⅱ.完形填空
In
the
past,
man
did
not
have
to
think
about
the
protection
of
his
environment.
There
were
few
people
on
the
earth,
and
natural
resources
seemed
to
be
__1__.
Today
things
are
__2__：
the
world
has
become
too
__3__.
We
are
using
up
our
natural
resources
too
quickly,
and
at
the
same
time
we
are
__4__
our
environment
with
dangerous
chemicals.
If
we
continue
to
do
this,
humans
on
the
earth
will
not
__5__.
Everyone
__6__
today
that
if
too
many
fish
are
taken
from
the
sea,
there
will
soon
be
none
left.
However,
with
modern
fishing
__7__，
more
and
more
fish
are
caught.
We
know
that
if
too
many
trees
are
cut
down,
__8__
will
disappear.
Yet,
we
__9__
to
use
bigger
and
more
powerful
machines
to
__10__
more
and
more
trees.
We
realize
that
if
rivers
are
polluted
with
waste
products
from
factories,
we
will
die.
__11__，
in
most
countries
wastes
are
__12__
put
into
rivers
or
into
the
sea,
and
there
are
__13__
laws
to
stop
this.
We
know,
too,
that
if
the
__14__
of
the
world
continues
to
rise
at
the
present
rate,
in
a
few
years
there
will
not
be
enough
food.
What
can
we
do
to
__15__
these
problems
If
we
eat
more
vegetables
and
less
__16__，
there
will
be
more
food
available
for
everyone.
Land
that
is
used
to
grow
crops
__17__
five
times
more
people
than
land
where
animals
are
kept.
Our
natural
resources
will
__18__
longer
if
we
learn
to
recycle
them.
The
world
population
will
not
rise
so
quickly
if
people
use
modern
methods
of
birth
__19__.
Finally,
if
we
educate
people
to
think
about
the
problems,
we
shall
have
a
better
and
cleaner
__20__
in
the
future.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。全文主要论述在社会取得进步，物质文明高度发达的今天，环境遭到了巨大破坏，我们应该采取哪些措施来保护环境。　
1．A.beautiful
B．unlimited
C．rare
D．valuable
答案：B　在过去人少的时候，自然资源似乎是无穷尽的(unlimited)。
2．A.common
B．same
C．changeable
D．different
答案：D　本段描述的情形与上一段形成对比，今天形势发生了变化，与以前不同(different)了。
3．A.crowded
B．small
C．dirty
D．busy
答案：A　今天的世界由于人口增长而变得很拥挤(crowded)。这与上文中的人少形成对比。
4．A.protecting
B．saving
C．polluting
D．fighting
答案：C　根据下文中描述的人类的行为可知，今天很多危险的化学品在污染(pollute)着环境。
5．A.breathe
B．survive
C．drink
D．move
答案：B　前半句的this代替人类污染环境的事实，如果继续这样下去，生存在地球上的人类将不能存活(survive)下去。
6．A.wonders
B．realizes
C．considers
D．discovers
答案：B　根据下一段中的第一句可知，现在每个人都已经意识到(realize)这类问题的严重性。
7．A.poles
B．boats
C．methods
D．ideas
答案：C　利用现代的捕鱼方法(method)，越来越多的鱼被捕获。
8．A.mountains
B．the
sea
C．trees
D．forests
答案：D　由常识可知，将太多的树砍伐后，森林将会消失。
9．A.continue
B．stop
C．keep
D．remain
答案：A　yet表示转折关系，说明人们还是在继续用强有力的机器砍伐越来越多的树木，continue
to
do
“继续做……”。
10．A.build
up
B．grow
up
C．save
up
D．cut
down
答案：D　根据句意可知，此处表示用强有力的机器砍伐越来越多的树。cut
down
“砍伐”。
11．A.Thus
B．However
C．So
D．Therefore
答案：B　根据逻辑关系可知，本句与上句之间存在转折关系，however为副词，表示转折。
12．A.still
B．even
C．also
D．certainly
答案：A　根据前后语境可知，大多数国家虽然意识到这个问题，但是依然(still)向河里或海里倾倒垃圾。
13．A.many
B．little
C．some
D．few
答案：D　根据前后语境可知，就目前来说，关于这一方面的法律还太少(few)，还不能制止这类事情的发生。
14．A.production
B．pollution
C．population
D．pronunciation
答案：C　本文讲述的是人与生存环境问题，所以此处指的是如果人口(population)继续增加，人类将很快没有食物可吃。
15．A.work
B．deal
C．solve
D．serve
答案：C　下文提出了解决这类问题的方法，所以在此以疑问的形式引出问题，如何解决(solve)这些问题。
16．A.fruit
B．meat
C．fish
D．grain
答案：B　根据下一句中的“than
land
where
animals
are
kept”可知，本句旨在鼓励人们少吃肉(meat)。
17．A.feeds
B．increases
C．supplies
D．helps
答案：A　该句是一个比较结构，同样的土地种植庄稼养活的人更多。feed
“养活，供养”，符合语境。
18．A.use
B．stay
C．keep
D．last
答案：D　如果我们学会回收利用，我们的自然资源将会持续(last)更长时间。
19．A.control
B．born
C．plan
D．reward
答案：A　如果用现代节育手段控制人口出生，世界人口的数量将不会如此快地上升。birth
control
“节育”。
20．A.nature
B．sea
C．planet
D．forest
答案：C　如果我们教会人们考虑这些问题，我们将来会有一个更美好、更清洁的星球(planet)。
Ⅲ.短文改错
(2018·郑州模拟)In
the
past
two
years,
our
school
had
organized
many
activities.
What
impressed
me
most
was
an
activity
calling
“Learning
to
Farm”.
In
an
autumn
afternoon,
we
went
to
the
farm,
where
we
learned
to
plant
potatoes.
Having
been
in
the
city
for
such
a
long
time,
we
are
so
happy
to
go
to
the
countryside.
After
we
got
there,
we
were
divided
into
three
groups,
we
started
to
work.
Some
students
cut
potatoes
into
pieces,
some
dug
hole,
and
the
others
put
the
pieces
of
potatoes
into
the
holes,
put
the
earth
back
and
pushed
them
down
hard.
We
were
all
busy
working
as
all
the
work
was
done.
Though
we
were
tired
out,
we
felt
pleased
on
our
way
back
to
home.
答案：
In
the
past
two
years,
our
school
organized
many
activities.
What
impressed
me
most
was
an
activity
“Learning
to
Farm”.
an
autumn
afternoon,
we
went
to
farm,
where
we
learned
to
plant
potatoes.
Having
been
in
the
city
for
such
a
long
time,
we
so
happy
to
go
to
the
countryside.
After
we
got
there,
we
were
divided
into
three
groups,
we
started
to
work.
Some
students
cut
potatoes
into
pieces,
some
dug
，
and
the
others
put
the
pieces
of
potatoes
into
the
holes,
put
the
earth
back
and
pushed
down
hard.
We
were
all
busy
working
all
the
work
was
done.
Though
we
were
tired
out,
we
felt
pleased
on
our
way
back
eq
\o(,\s\do14(⑩))
home.
难项分析：
第二处：calling→called　考查非谓语动词。被修饰的名词an
activity与动词call之间为被动关系，故用过去分词短语作定语。
第八处：them→it　考查代词。此处代词指代的是前面所提到的earth，为不可数名词，应用it。
第九处：as→until/till　考查连词。We
were
all
busy
working作为一个过程一直持续到all
the
work
was
done结束。应用until或till，意为“到……为止”。Ⅰ.重点词汇
1.
2．subscribe
to
同意；赞成；订购
3．quantities
of
大量的；许多
4.
5．result
in
导致
6．oppose
vt.
反对；反抗；与(某人)较量
7．consequence
n.
结果；后果；影响
8．range
n.
种类；范围
9.
10.
11.
12．average
adj.
平均的
13.
14.
Ⅱ.教材原句
1．That
probably
does
not
seem
much
to
you
or
me,
but
it
is
a
rapid
increase
when_compared_to
other
natural
changes.
那对你或我来说可能不算很多，但是跟其他的自然变化相比，这却是一种快速的增长。
2．There_is_no_doubt
that
the
earth
is
becoming
warmer
and_that_it_is
human
activity
that
has
caused
this
global
warming
rather
than
a
random
but
natural
phenomenon.
毫无疑问，地球正在转暖，全球转暖是人为的，而不是随意的自然现象。
3．All
scientists
subscribe_to
the
view
that
the
increase
in
the
earth's
temperature
is
due
to
the
burning
of
fossil
fuels
like
coal,
natural
gas
and
oil
to
produce
energy.
所有的科学家都赞同这种观点，即地球温度的上升，是由于人们燃烧像煤、天然气和石油这样的化石燃料来生产能量而引起的。
4．As
I'm
not
sure
where_to_start
with
my
project,
I
would
appreciate
any
suggestions
you
may
have.
因为我还不清楚我该从哪里着手开始我的研究，所以我会感激你们的任何建议。
5．It
is
OK
to
leave
an
electrical
appliance
on
so_long_as
you
are
using
it—if
not,
turn
it
off!
只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着——如果不用就把它关掉！
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.
It
was
on
February
27,
2010
in
Vancouver
(温哥华)
________Wang
Meng
won
her
third
gold
medal.
答案：that
2．Was
it
not
until
you
began
to
work________you
realized
how
much
time
you
had
wasted
答案：that
3．Was
it
in
this
park
________
he
lost
his
bag
答案：that
4．—Where
was________that
the
road
accident
happened
yesterday
—In
front
of
the
market.
答案：it
5．It
was
only
after
he
had
read
the
papers
________
Mr
Gross
realized
the
task
before
him
was
extremely
difficult
to
complete.
答案：thatSection
Ⅴ　Writing
海报
技法指导
海报是向大众发布某种消息的布告。海报的形式多为招聘广告、活动宣传和人物介绍。英文海报的内容常为球讯、影讯、商业报道、展览会、报告会、专题讲座等。一般的英文海报由标题、正文和落款组成。
一、海报的组成
1．标题
标题居中标在海报的正上方。标题一般有两种形式：一种是直接用“Poster”一词；另一种是用简洁、引人注目的语言概括海报的主要内容，把内容作为大字标题。如：Football
Match,
Film
News,
Good
News,
New
Year's
Eve,
Entertainment等。
2．正文部分
正文部分要写清楚具体内容，包括活动内容、时间、地点以及参加规定、主持或举办单位等。语言多用十分简略的形式，开门见山地说明主题、活动内容。
3．落款
落款一般包括单位和日期。英文海报的张贴单位应标在右下角，日期常写于下一行，既可以写在右下角，也可以写在左下角。
二、写作时的注意事项
1．海报的标题必须简洁明了，而且能吸引读者的眼球。因此字数不宜太多。
2．张贴海报的目的是让读者了解活动的信息，所以文字的修饰要服务于信息，不能玩文字游戏，传达信息才是海报最重要的任务。
黄金表达
①As
we
all
know,
it
is
important
to
...
②Tickets
will
be
available
...
③You're
welcome
to
be
present
...
④It
is
a
must
that
everybody
should
...
⑤Only
in
this
way
can
we
...
⑥The
first
solution
is
...
⑦In
a
word,
pay
much
attention
to
...
⑧It
will
be
held
in
...
at
...
[典题演练]
假如你叫李华，是新华高中的一名学生，你校文化交流俱乐部在招募留学生。请你以俱乐部的名义写一篇海报。
1．介绍该俱乐部的相关背景，建于2016年，目的是推动文化交流；
2．外国留学生加入本俱乐部的好处；
3．向外国留学生发出诚挚邀请。电话6668399。
注意：1.词数120左右；
2．可以适当发挥，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：文化交流俱乐部Culture exchange
Club
Poster
Our
Culture exchange
Club
is
　
　_________________________________
　_________________________________
　_________________________________
Culture exchange
Club
Oct.
7,
2019
谋篇布局
1．体裁：应用文
2．话题：招募留学生参加俱乐部
3．时态：一般现在时为主
4．人称：第二人称为主
5．结构
联想词汇
1．盼望
__________________
答案：look
forward
to
2．旨在
__________________
答案：aim
at
3．推动文化交流
__________________
答案：promote
the
culture
exchange
4．通过
__________________
答案：by
means
of
5．在很大程度上
__________________
答案：to
a
great
extent
连词成句
1．我们正盼望着你的关注和参与。
We
are
hoping
for
your
attention
and
participation.
→We're
looking
forward
to
your
keen
concern
and
active
participation.
(升级句)
2．通过与中国学生的交流，你会对中国文化有更多了解，同时，还可以为我们介绍你们国家的文化。
After
you
communicate
with
Chinese
students,
you
will
know
more
about
Chinese
culture,
and
at
the
same
time,
you
can
also
introduce
the
culture
of
your
country
to
us.
→By
communicating
with
Chinese
students,
not
only
will
you
have
a
better
understanding
of
the
Chinese
culture,
but
you
can
also
introduce
the
culture
of
your
country
to
us.(升级句)
3．欢迎每一位对此感兴趣的留学生。
Any
foreign
student
is
welcome
if
you
are
interested
in
the
club.
→Any
foreign
student
who
is
interested
in
the
club
is
warmly
welcome.
(升级句)
连句成篇
Poster
Our_Culture exchange_Club_is
calling
for
foreign
students'
attention.
And
we're
looking
forward
to
your
keen
concern
and
active
participation.
The
club
was
formed
in
2016
and
it
aims
at
promoting
the
culture
exchange
among
students
from
different
countries
by
means
of
language
study.
There
are
several
benefits
if
you
join
in
the
club.
On
the
one
hand,
by
communicating
with
Chinese
students,
not
only
will
you
have
a
better
understanding
of
Chinese
culture,
but
you
can
also
introduce
the
culture
of
your
country
to
us.
On
the
other
hand,
through
various
activities
held
by
the
club,
you
may
make
more
friends
to
a
great
extent.
Any
foreign
student
who
is
interested
in
the
club
is
warmly
welcome.
What
you
need
to
do
is
just
dial
6668399.
Culture exchange_Club
Oct._7,_2019
[跟踪训练]
请根据下列内容写一张100词左右的海报。
全球变暖问题越来越引起人们的关注，它所产生的严重后果也逐渐为人所知。为此，你校学生会特意邀请环保专家来校做讲座，专门就全球变暖问题产生的原因、危害，以及中学生如何应对全球变暖问题等进行论述，并在演讲结束后回答同学们的提问。
时间：12月20日(星期五)，3：00～5：00
pm
地点：大礼堂
　_________________________________
　_________________________________
　_________________________________
　_________________________________
　[精彩范文]
[名师点评]
①involved
in
environmental
protection为过去分词短语在句中作expert的定语。用法简洁明了，表达流畅。
②作者准确运用高级词汇——介词concerning表达“与……有关”之意，说明作者语言运用能力较强。
③All
the
students
in
our
school
are
welcome
to
attend
this
lecture.为海报文体的典型用语，作者恰当地运用这一句式，突出了海报的体裁特点和主办方的诚意。
[总评]
本文为广而告之的海报文体，首先明确了介绍的主题，以及要举办事项的地点、时间，进而具体说明其内容特点、组织形式，最后表达邀请诚意。全文语言简练，层次分明，逻辑严密。
课外拓展阅读——中国优秀传统文化专题练
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When
we
mention
the
most
famous
Chinese
painting
of
the
Northern
Song
Dynasty,
the
image
coming
into
people's
mind
__1__
(be)
the
Qingming
Shanghe
Tu
or
Along
the
River
During
the
Qingming
Festival.
This
painting
is
important
__2__
several
reasons.
First,
up
till
that
time,
almost
all
Chinese
paintings
were
landscapes,
__3__
(contain)
no
or
only
a
few
images
of
people.
Second,
this
is
the
most
renowned
scroll
(卷轴)
painting
__4__
(describe)
both
Chinese
urban
and
suburban
life
during
the
period
in
the
capital,
Bianjing
(now
Kaifeng
in
Henan
Province).
Third,
the
painting
is
__5__
(high)
detailed
and
features
shops
of
all
kinds
and
different
economic
__6__
(activity)
in
and
out
of
the
city.
People
are
able
to
see
the
Chinese
technologies
of
the
time,
which
helps
them
__7__
great
deal
in
understanding
__8__
the
Chinese
lived.
The
Beijing
Palace
Museum
keeps
the
__9__
(origin)
Song
painting
and
one
of
its
famous
copies—the
Qing
version
__10__
(hold)
in
the
National
Palace
Museum
in
Taipei.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
答案：1.is/will
be　2.for　3.containing　4.describing　5.highly　6.activities　7.a　8.how　9.original　10.is
heldSection
Ⅲ　Grammar——it的用法(二)
课前语法感知
Ⅰ.教材语法感知
教材原句
①There
is
no
doubt
that
the
earth
is
becoming
warmer
and
that
it
is
human
activity
that
has
caused
this
global
warming
rather
than
a
random
but
natural
phenomenon.
②It
was
a
scientist
called
Charles
Keeling
who
made
accurate
measurements
of
the
amount
of
carbon
dioxide
in
the
atmosphere
from
1957
to
1997.
③They
also
agree
that
it
is
the
burning
of
more
and
more
fossil
fuels
that
has
resulted
in
this
increase
in
carbon
dioxide.
探究发现
(1)强调句型的结构是：It_is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋句子的其他成分，如例句①、③。
(2)当被强调部分是人时，也可用who，如例句②。
Ⅱ.真题语法感知
1．(2018·天津高考)It
was
only
when
the
car
pulled
up
in
front
of
our
house
________
we
saw
Lily
in
the
passenger
seat.
答案：that
2．(2018·浙江高考)It
was
then
________
my
mind
raced.
答案：that
3．(2017·天津高考)It
was
when
I
got
back
to
my
apartment
________I
first
came
across
my
new
neighbors.
答案：that
4．(2016·天津高考)You
are
waiting
at
a
wrong
place.
It
is
at
the
hotel
________
the
coach
picks
up
tourists.
答案：that
5．(2015·湖北高考)It
was
in
this
lake________
they
found
the
long lost
sword
of
the
Ming
Dynasty.
答案：that
课堂合作探究
一、it构成的强调句式
it可用来构成强调句式“It
is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who
...”，用以强调句子的主语、宾语、状语等成分。
名师点津
强调句型的几个注意事项：
(1)强调句式中的it与that都没有意义，若把强调句式部分去掉，剩下的部分在句子结构与意义上仍然完整。
(2)强调句型的特殊疑问句形式用于主从复合句中的名词性从句时，其语序应用陈述句语序。
(3)强调句型与定语从句相结合，若强调句型中的被强调部分含有定语从句，注意对定语从句引导词及强调句型中的that要做出正确的判断。
①Do
you
know
what
it
is
that
they
will
talk
about
at
the
party
你知道他们在聚会上将要谈论些什么吗？
②It
was
in
the
school
where
they
had
their
schooling
that
they
had
a
get together
again
twenty
years
later.
在他们曾接受学校教育的学校里，他们20年后又聚在了一起。
二、it引起的关于时间的易混淆的句型
【即景活用】
(1)单句语法填空
①Was
________
on
a
lonely
island
that
he
was
saved
one
month
after
the
boat
went
down
②Can
you
explain
why
it
________
that
the
sun
goes
down
in
the
west
③It
is
either
he
or
you
who
________
in
charge
of
the
project
and
supposed
to
finish
it
punctually.
④It
will
be
half
a
year
________
my
son
comes
back
from
America.
⑤He
was
so
busy
yesterday
that
it
was
not
until
late
at
night
________
he
finished
his
work.
⑥It
is
five
months
________
my
son
went
to
America.
答案：①it　②is　③are　④before　⑤that　⑥since
(2)单句写作
①是张教授正在打电话。
________
Professor
Zhang
________
is
talking
on
the
phone.
②这个病人需要的是更好的食物和更多的阳光。
________
better
food
and
more
sunshine
________
the
patient
needs.
③你是在哪里找到你丢失的那本书的？
____________________
you
found
your
lost
book
④是你哥哥在那家公司工作吗？
____________________
in
that
company
⑤直到昨天我才注意到它。
________________________
I
noticed
it.
⑥我不记得是什么时候你开始做这个工作的了。
I
can't
quite
remember
__________________
you
started
doing
the
work.
⑦只有在最近我重读他的诗时，我才欣赏到它们的美。
________________
I
reread
his
poems
recently
that
I
began
to
appreciate
their
beauty.
⑧只有通过这种方式我们才能按时完成工作吗？
________________
in
this
way
________
we
can
finish
the
work
on
time
答案：①It
is;
who/that　②It
is;
that　③Where
was
it
that　④Is
it
your
brother
who/that
works　⑤It
was
not
until
yesterday
that　⑥when
it
was
that　⑦It
was
only
when　⑧Is
it
only;
that
课后演练提能
[基础题]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It
was
after
he
got
what
he
had
desired
________
he
realized
it
was
not
so
important.
答案：that
2．It
was
on
the
farm
________
he
spent
his
childhood
that
he
learned
how
to
grow
vegetables.
答案：where
3．I
just
wonder
________
it
is
that
makes
him
so
excited.
答案：what
4．I
don't
mind
her
criticizing
me,
but
________
is
how
she
does
it
that
I
object
to.
答案：it
5．It
was
in
the
small
house
________
was
built
with
stones
by
his
father
________
he
spent
his
childhood.
答案：which/that;
that
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．It
was
with
the
help
of
the
local
guide
the
mountain
climber
was
rescued.
__________________________________
答案：guide后加that
2．It
is
two
years
that
he
studied
in
the
middle
school.
__________________________________
答案：that→since或years后加ago
3．It
was
80
years
before
Christopher
Columbus
crossed
the
Atlantic
when
Zheng
He
had
sailed
to
East
Africa.
__________________________________
答案：when→that
4．That
is
because
of
his
illness
that
he
couldn't
attend
the
meeting.
__________________________________
答案：That→It
5．We
don't
know
why
it
is
she
came
so
late.
__________________________________
答案：is后加that
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．正是在密西西比河岸一带马克·吐温度过了他的大部分童年时光。
________________
the
Mississippi
River
________
Mark
Twain
spent
much
of
his
childhood.
答案：It
was
along;
that
2．是在六年前他开始学习中文的吗？
____________
six
years
ago
________
he
began
to
learn
Chinese
答案：Was
it;
that
3．是李教授教你们英语吗？
____________
Professor
Li
________
teaches
you
English
答案：Is
it;
that/who
4．正是因为这个原因她叔叔搬离了纽约。
________________
this
reason
________
her
uncle
moved
out
of
New
York.
答案：It
was
for;
that
5．是谁泄露的这个秘密？
____________________
let
out
the
secret
答案：Who
was
it
that
[能力题]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)After
years
of
heated
debate,
gray
wolves
were
reintroduced
to
Yellowstone
National
Park.
Fourteen
wolves
were
caught
in
Canada
and
transported
to
the
park.
By
last
year,
the
Yellowstone
wolf
population
had
grown
to
more
than
170
wolves.
Gray
wolves
once
were
seen
here
and
there
in
the
Yellowstone
area
and
much
of
the
continental
United
States,
but
they
were
gradually
displaced
by
human
development.
By
the
1920s,
wolves
had
practically
disappeared
from
the
Yellowstone
area.
They
went
farther
north
into
the
deep
forests
of
Canada,
where
there
were
fewer
humans
around.
The
disappearance
of
the
wolves
had
many
unexpected
results.
Deer
and
elk
populations—major
food
sources
(来源)
for
the
wolf—grew
rapidly.
These
animals
consumed
large
amounts
of
vegetation
(植被),
which
reduced
plant
diversity
in
the
park.
In
the
absence
of
wolves,
coyote
populations
also
grew
quickly.
The
coyotes
killed
a
large
percentage
of
the
park's
red
foxes,
and
completely
drove
away
the
park's
beavers.
As
early
as
1966,
biologists
asked
the
government
to
consider
reintroducing
wolves
to
Yellowstone
Park.
They
hoped
that
wolves
would
be
able
to
control
the
elk
and
coyote
problems.
Many
farmers
opposed
the
plan
because
they
feared
that
wolves
would
kill
their
farm
animals
or
pets.
The
government
spent
nearly
30
years
coming
up
with
a
plan
to
reintroduce
the
wolves.
The
US
Fish
and
Wildlife
Service
carefully
monitors
and
manages
the
wolf
packs
in
Yellowstone.
Today,
the
debate
continues
over
how
well
the
gray
wolf
is
fitting
in
at
Yellowstone.
Elk,
deer,
and
coyote
populations
are
down,
while
beavers
and
red
foxes
have
made
a
comeback.
The
Yellowstone
wolf
project
has
been
a
valuable
experiment
to
help
biologists
decide
whether
to
reintroduce
wolves
to
other
parts
of
the
country
as
well.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。以前在黄石地区随处可见的灰狼消失了。灰狼的消失引发了一系列生态问题。鉴于此，政府启动了一项历时30年的引进和繁育狼的计划，迄今为止已经取得了很好的成效。
1．What
is
the
text
mainly
about
A．Wildlife
research
in
the
United
States.
B．Plant
diversity
in
the
Yellowstone
area.
C．The
conflict
between
farmers
and
gray
wolves.
D．The
reintroduction
of
wolves
to
Yellowstone
Park.
答案：D　主旨大意题。文章主要讲述的是重新将灰狼引入黄石公园的原因和这一方案从提出到实施的经过及其会产生的影响。故选D。
　
2．What
does
the
underlined
word
“displaced”
in
Paragraph
2
mean
A．Tested.
B．Separated.
C．Forced
out.
D．Tracked
down.
答案：C　词义猜测题。根据上文可知，灰狼曾经随处可见，再结合下文“wolves
had
practically
disappeared”可知，与displaced意思最接近的是C项“被迫离开”。
3．What
did
the
disappearance
of
gray
wolves
bring
about
A．Damage
to
local
ecology.
B．A
decline
in
the
park's
income.
C．Preservation
of
vegetation.
D．An
increase
in
the
variety
of
animals.
答案：A　推理判断题。由第三段可知，灰狼的消失产生了很多意想不到的结果。鹿及麋鹿的数量快速增加，导致那里的植被被破坏，而且由于没有灰狼，丛林狼吃掉大量赤狐，并将河狸赶出公园。由此可知，灰狼的消失导致当地的生态失去平衡。故选A。
4．What
is
the
author's
attitude
towards
the
Yellowstone
wolf
project
A．Doubtful.
B．Positive.
C．Disapproving.
D．Uncaring.
答案：B　观点态度题。由最后一段可知，灰狼回归后，鹿及麋鹿的数量减少了，而河狸和赤狐又回来了，再由“a
valuable
experiment
to
help”等可推知，作者对于黄石狼项目持肯定态度。故选B。
1．transport
v.
运送；运输；流放
2．diversity
n.
多样性；差异
3．reintroduce
v.
再引入；再介绍
1．in
the
absence
of
缺乏；不存在
2．drive
away
赶走；驱散
3．come
up
with
提出；想出
B
(2019·浙江省稽阳联谊学校高三联考)With
their
pipes
and
lids
to
avoid
spills,
coffee
cups
have
long
been
the
substitute
for
adults.
Now
Starbucks
is
going
all
in
on
the
concept
by
swearing
to
get
rid
of
straws
by
2020—and
it's
all
for
a
very
good
reason.
This
move
is
an
answer
to
our
own
partners
about
what
we
can
do
to
reduce
the
need
for
straws.
Not
using
a
straw
is
the
best
thing
we
can
do
for
the
environment.
In
place
of
plastic
straws,
Starbucks
plans
to
offer
recyclable
lids
for
all
iced
drinks
and
paper
straws
for
coffee.
The
transition
is
already
taking
place
in
Starbucks'
hometown
of
Seattle,
where
a
ban
on
plastic
straws
went
into
place
on
July
1.
By
rolling
this
out
in
all
28,000
of
their
stores
by
2020,
the
company
says
they
are
annually
removing
more
than
one
billion
straws
from
going
into
circulation—and
potentially
the
ocean.
Starbucks'
decision
to
gradually
stop
using
single use
plastic
straws
is
a
shining
example
of
the
important
role
that
companies
can
play
in
stopping
the
tide
of
ocean
plastic.
With
eight
million
metric
tons
of
plastic
entering
the
ocean
every
year,
we
cannot
afford
to
let
industry
sit
on
the
sidelines.
Marine
life
has
a
50%
death
rate
when
it
swallows
plastic—yet
researchers
believe
there
will
be
more
plastic
in
the
ocean
than
fish
by
the
year
2050
if
this
rate
of
litter
continues.
That
means
there
can
be
an
immediate
positive
impact
if
we
swap
plastic
straws
for
environmentally
friendly
alternatives.
The
smart
design
on
the
cup
for
cold
drinks
comes
from
Starbucks'
in house
team
of
designers
and
has
been
in
development
for
two
years.
However,
the
announcement
comes
as
outcry
(尖叫；倒彩)
increases
over
the
dangers
that
plastic
straws
can
cause
to
marine
life.
Other
companies
making
the
eco friendly
swap
also
announced
plans
last
month
to
test
alternatives
to
plastic
straws.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍Starbucks倡导不使用塑料吸管来减少白色污染，保护海洋和环境。
5．Why
does
Starbucks
decide
to
get
rid
of
plastic
straws
A．To
reduce
its
cost.
B．To
meet
the
customers'
needs.
C．To
create
a
greener
planet.
D．To
expand
its
business
worldwide.
答案：C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Not
using
a
straw
is
the
best
thing
we
can
do
for
the
environment.”可知答案为C。
6．What
does
the
word
“transition”
in
Paragraph
2
refer
to
A．Dilemma.
B．Change.
C．Response.
D．Conflict.
答案：B　词义猜测题。根据第二段第一、二句可知，文中提到用另外两种环保产品替代塑料吸管，因而推断这是一种变化，故B项正确。
7．The
tone
of
the
author
in
referring
to
marine
life
can
be
described
as
________.
A．humorous
B．approving
C．enthusiastic
D．concerned
答案：D　推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句可知，因为白色污染，对海洋生物的生存造成很大威胁，对海洋的生态破坏严重，作者为此忧心忡忡，故选D。
8．What's
the
text
mainly
about
A．Starbucks
is
throwing
away
plastic
straws
for
a
worthy
cause.
B．Environmentally
friendly
material
will
replace
plastic
straws.
C．Scientists
are
making
efforts
to
solve
ocean
plastic
pollution.
D．A
sales
promotion
of
a
new
brand
by
Starbucks
is
being
done.
答案：A　主旨大意题。本文讲述了Starbucks为了环保事业倡导不使用塑料吸管来减少白色污染，故A项为最佳答案。
Ⅱ.语法填空
The
language
of
love
Music
is
a
universal
language,
which
has
the
most
powerful
magic
in
the
world.
Music
is
a
sweet
language
to
show
love
to
those
who
love
us
and
those
who
__1__
(love)
by
us.
Music
is
also
a
friendly
language
for
unfamiliar
people
to
show
kindness.
It
is
living
everywhere
and
all
the
time
in
our
daily
life.
I
learned
this
while
__2__
(take)
care
of
a
seagull
unfortunate
enough
to
swallow
a
hook
(挂钩).
After
calling
the
wildlife
rescue
center
and
learning
that
all
its
__3__
(vehicle)
were
out
on
other
business,
I
carefully
__4__
(wrap)
the
wild
bird
in
a
towel
and
carried
him
to
my
friend's
car.
The
only
way
__5__
(keep)
him
calm
was
by
singing.
For
30
minutes,
I
sang
__6__
(soft)
to
the
small
creature
until
finally
delivering
him
__7__
those
who
could
help.
I'm
not
certain
__8__
happened
afterward,
but
for
that
brief
period,
we
two
vastly
different
species
connected,
__9__
(bridge)
the
gap
between
us
through
songs.
__10__
doesn't
matter
whether
there
will
be
difficulties
in
communication,
for
love
is
always
the
theme
of
each
piece
of
music.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
答案：1.are
loved　2.taking　3.vehicles　4.wrapped　5.to
keep　6.softly　7.to　8.what　9.bridging　10.It(共174张PPT)
Section
Ⅱ　The
Language
Points
of
Reading
课前重点检测
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IBEI
WSection
Ⅱ　The
Language
Points
of
Reading
课前重点检测
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1．consume
(vt.)
消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完→consumer
(n.)
消费者
2．graph
(n.)
图表；坐标图；曲线图
3．random
(adj.)
胡乱的；任意的
4．phenomenon
(n.)
现象→phenomena
(复数)现象
5．subscribe
(vt.)
签署(文件)；捐助
(vi.)
同意；捐赠；订阅
6．quantity
(n.)
量；数量→quality
(n.)
质量
7．tend
(vi.)
趋向；易于；照顾
(vt.)
照顾；护理→tendency
(n.)
趋势
8．data
(n.)
资料；数据
9．oppose
(vt.)
反对；反抗；与(某人)较量→opposed
(adj.)
反对的；对立的
10．mild
(adj.)
温和的；温柔的；淡的
11．consequence
(n.)
结果；后果；影响→consequently
(adv.)
因此；所以
12．state
(vt.)
陈述；说明→statement
(n.)
说明；说法；表白
13．range
(n.)
种类；范围
14．glance
(vi.)
扫视；看一下
(n.)
一瞥
15．steady
(adj.)
平稳的；持续的；稳固的→steadily
(adv.)
平稳地；持续地
16．result_in　　　　　　导致
17．subscribe_to
同意；赞助；订阅
18．quantities_of
大量的
19．go_up
上升；增长；升起
20．tend_to
往往；倾向于
21．keep_on
持续
22．build_up
积累；增强
23．be_opposed_to
反对
24．come_about
发生
25．even_if
即使
Ⅱ.教材原句
1．We
depend
on
energy
________
(do)
many
things
in
our
daily
lives.
答案：to
do
2．Make
a
list
of
the
things
________
consume
energy
in
your
home,
school,
or
any
other
places
you
can
think
of.
答案：that
3．So
________
has
this
come
about
and
does
it
matter
答案：how
4．There
is
no
doubt
________
the
earth
is
becoming
warmer
(see
Graph
1)
and
that
it
is
human
activity
________
has
caused
this
global
warming
rather
than
a
random
but
natural
phenomenon.
答案：that;
that
5．The
problem
begins
when
we
add
huge
________
(quantity)
of
extra
carbon
dioxide
into
the
atmosphere.
答案：quantities
6．It
means
that
more
heat
energy
tends
to
be
trapped
in
the
atmosphere
________
(cause)
the
global
temperature
to
go
up.
答案：causing
7．They
also
agree
that
it
is
the
burning
of
more
and
more
fossil
fuels
that
has
resulted
________
this
increase
in
carbon
dioxide.
答案：in
8．On
the
other
hand,
there
are
those,
like
George
Hambley,
________
are
opposed
to
this
view
and
believe
that
we
should
not
worry
about
high
levels
of
carbon
dioxide
in
the
air.
答案：who
9．They
predict
that
any
warming
will
be
mild
with
few
bad
environmental
________
(consequence)．
答案：consequences
10．It
will
make
plants
grow
quicker;
crops
will
produce
more;
it
will
encourage
a
________
(great)
range
of
animals—all
of
________
will
make
life
for
human
beings
better.
答案：greater;
which
课堂分段精讲
[第1段]
1．So
how
has
this
come_about
and
does
it
matter？(教材P26)
那么，这种温度的增长是怎么产生的呢？会产生什么影响呢？
?come
about
发生；造成
①The
driver
wouldn't
tell
me
how
the
accident
came_about.
司机就是不告诉我事故是怎样发生的。
②How_did_it_come_about_that
you
were
an
hour
late
你怎么会迟到一小时？
③Generally
speaking,
magazines
come_out
at
stated
periods.
一般来说，杂志定时出版。
名师点津
come
about是不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态中，常指事情不受人控制地突然发生。常用句型：How
did
it
come
about
that
...？“……是怎么发生的？”；It
came
about
that
...
“……发生了”。
辨析：happen,
break
out,
take
place,
come
about与occur
happen
普通用语。指偶然、意外的，未能预见事情的发生或出现。其后接不定式或用在“It
happens/happened
that
...”句型中
续表
break
out
指“(战争、火灾、疾病等)突然发生，爆发”
take
place
指“按计划、安排做……”；可引申为“进行，举行”
come
about
表示“发生，产生”，多指事情已经发生了但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句中
occur
可指“偶然发生”，也指“计划发生某事”；occur还表示“突然想到”，常用于“It
occurs/occurred
to
sb.
that
...”句型中
④I'll
never
understand
how
it
came_about
that
you
were
late
three
times
a
week.
我永远不会理解你怎么会一周迟到三次。
⑤A
leap
year
occurs
every
four
years.
每四年出现一次闰年。
【即景活用】
单句写作
①已经10点了。我在想那么短的路途她迟到两小时是怎么回事。
It's
already
10
o'clock.
I
wonder
how
it
______________
that
she
was
two
hours
late
on
such
a
short
trip.
②我偶然遇见了那个正睡在桥下的孩子。
I
________________
the
child
sleeping
under
the
bridge.
③在激烈讨论之后，我们找到了这个问题的解决方法。
After
a
heated
discussion,
we
____________________
the
solution
to
the
question.
④我突然想到第二天晚上将有一场中国队和韩国队的篮球比赛。
It
suddenly
________________
me
that
there
would
be
a
basketball
match
between
China
and
South
Korea
the
next
evening.
答案：①came
about　②came
across　③came
up
with　④occurred
to
[第2段]
2．There_is_no_doubt_that
the
earth
is
becoming
warmer
(see
Graph
1)
and
that
it
is
human
activity
that
has
caused
this
global
warming
rather
than
a
random
but
natural
phenomenon.(教材P26)
毫无疑问，地球是在转暖(见表1)，全球转暖是人为的，而不是随意的自然现象。
?There
is
no
doubt
that
...
毫无疑问……
[剖析]　此句为主从复合句，名词doubt后面为that引导的两个并列的同位语从句。构成结构：There
is
no
doubt
that
...
“毫无疑问……”。
①There_is_no_doubt_that
the
Syrians
have
suffered
a
lot
from
the
war.
毫无疑问，叙利亚人民因为战争而遭受了很多痛苦。
②There_is_some_doubt_whether
these
creatures
can
understand
our
means
of
communication.
这些生物能否懂得我们的交流方式值得怀疑。
③I_doubt_whether/if
he
can
come
on
time.
我怀疑他能否按时来。
④His
honesty
is
beyond_doubt.
他的诚实毋庸置疑。
名师点津
及物动词doubt后接名词、代词或宾语从句。在否定句和疑问句中，doubt后面接that引导的宾语从句；在肯定句中，doubt后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句。
【即景活用1】
单句写作
①He
had
his
doubts
________________________
(他们是否会给)
him
another
chance
to
have
a
try.
②He
is
________________
(毫无疑问)
the
cleverest
student
I've
ever
taught.
③Their
acceptance
of
the
contract
is
still
____________
(不确定)．
答案：①whether
they
would
give　②without
doubt　③in
doubt
?random
adj.胡乱的；任意的
①The
information
is
processed
in
a
random
order.
信息是按随机顺序处理的。
②He
took
a
book
at_random
from
the
shelf.
他从书架上随便拿了一本书。
【即景活用2】
单句语法填空
①The
terrorists
fired
into
the
crowd
________
random.
②Names
were
chosen
________
(random)
from
a
list.
答案：①at　②randomly
[第3段]
3．All
scientists
subscribe_to
the
view
that
the
increase
in
the
earth's
temperature
is
due
to
the
burning
of
fossil
fuels
like
coal,
natural
gas
and
oil
to
produce
energy.(教材P26)
所有科学家都同意这个观点，即地球温度的升高，是由于人们燃烧像煤、天然气和石油这样的化石燃料来生产能量而引起的。
?subscribe
to
同意；赞成；订购；定期捐款给……
①If
you
subscribe_to
the
newspaper,
it'll
be
delivered
to
your
door.
如果你订阅报纸，它会被送到门口的。
②He
subscribes_to
an
environmental
action
group.
他定期捐钱给一个环保行动组织。
③I
have
never
subscribed_to
the
view
that
schooldays
are
the
happiest
days
of
your
life.
我从未赞同过这样的看法，认为学生时代是一生中最快乐的日子。
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①I
subscribed
________
a
monthly
magazine.
②The
number
of
phone
________
(subscribe)
increased
last
month.
答案：①to　②subscribers
4．The
problem
begins
when
we
add
huge
quantities
of
extra
carbon
dioxide
into
the
atmosphere.(教材P26)
当我们在大气层中增加了大量的额外的二氧化碳的时候，问题就来了。
?quantity
n．数量
①Quality
instead
of
quantity
should
be
focused
on
for
the
sustainable
development
of
the
industry.
为了工业的可持续发展，应当关注质而不是量。
②Quantities_of
food
and
tents
were
sent
to
the
disaster
area.
大量的食品和帐篷被运到灾区。
③A_large_quantity_of
books
have
been
offered
to
us.
大量的书被提供给我们。
④Buy
vegetables
in_small_quantities,_for
your
immediate
use.
蔬菜不要多买，现买现用。
名师点津
(1)a
quantity
of与quantities
of后可接不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式。
(2)“a
quantity
of＋不可数名词/可数名词复数形式”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数依据of后名词的形式而定。“quantities
of＋不可数名词或可数名词复数形式”作主语时，谓语动词均用复数。
【即景活用】
(1)单句语法填空
①He
consumed
a
large
quantity
________
alcohol.
②Huge
quantities
of
oil
________
(be)
spilling
into
the
sea
at
present.
答案：①of　②are
(2)单句改错
A
large
quantity
of
air
conditioners
has
been
sold
since
June.
________________________________________________________
答案：has→have
5．It
means
that
more
heat
energy
tends
to
be
trapped
in
the
atmosphere
causing
the
global
temperature
to
go_up.(教材P26)
这意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中，从而引起全球温度上升。
?tend
vi.趋向；易于；照顾　vt.照顾；护理
①My
family
tend_to
be
quite
long－lived.
我家族的人大都相当长寿。
②His
views
tend_towards
the
extreme.
他的观点趋于偏激。
③Doctors
and
nurses
tended
to
the
injured.
医生和护士护理伤员。
【即景活用1】
单句语法填空
①She
tends
________
(get)
angry
when
others
disagree
with
her.
②A
shepherd
tends
________
the
sheep.
③The
drug
is
effective
but
has
a
________
(tend)
to
cause
headaches.
答案：①to
get　②to　③tendency
?go
up
上升；增长；升起
①We
watched
the
national
flag
go_up
slowly
with
pride.
我们自豪地注视着国旗慢慢升起。
②Don't
go_against
your
parents'
wishes.
不要违背父母的意愿。
③Be
sure
you
are
right,
then
go_ahead.
确信正确，切莫畏缩。
④It
will
be
wise
to
go_over
your
test
paper
again.
还是把你的考卷再检查一遍的好。
⑤The
country
has
gone_through
too
many
wars.
这个国家经历了太多的战争。
名师点津
go
up为不及物动词短语，不可用于被动语态中。
【即景活用2】
单句写作
①价格已经上涨到每分钟1.95美元，这超过了我的支付能力。
The
cost
has
________________
$1.95
a
minute.
It's
beyond
my
ability
to
pay.
②她担心没有鞋子能和她的礼服相配。
She
was
worried
about
________________
her
dress.
③随着岁月的流逝，祖母的身体也越发瘦弱了。
My
grandmother
was
becoming
weaker
____________________.
答案：①gone
up
to　②not
having
shoes
to
go
with
③as
time
went
by
[第5段]
6．They
also
agree
that
it
is
the
burning
of
more
and
more
fossil
fuels
that
has
resulted_in
this
increase
in
carbon
dioxide.(教材P26)
他们还赞同下述观点：正是由于越来越多燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。
?result
in
导致
图解助记
辨析：result
in,
result
from,
as
a
result与as
a
result
of
result
in
表示“引起某种结果”，句子的主语是原因，in的宾语是结果
result
from
意为“因……而发生”，主语为结果，宾语为起因
as
a
result
意为“结果，因此”，在句中作状语，常置于句首，并用逗号和句子隔开
as
a
result
of
意为“作为……的结果”，即由某事引起
①Stress
and
tiredness
often
result_in
a
lack
of
concentration.
紧张和疲劳常导致人精神不集中。
②The
terrible
accident
resulted_from
his
carelessness.
那起可怕的意外事件因他的疏忽大意而引起。
③Tom
broke
his
legs,
as_a_result,_he
was
taken
to
hospital.
汤姆的腿骨折了，因此被送进了医院。
④As_a_result_of
her
hard
work,
she
was
finally
admitted
to
her
ideal
university.
她勤奋苦读，终于考进了她理想的大学。
⑤He
went
over
each
number
again,
but
without_result.
他把每个数字又检查了一遍，却仍没有结果。
【即景活用】
单句写作
①导致两人死亡的事故源于粗心驾驶。
The
accident
that
resulted
________
the
death
of
two
persons
resulted
________
careless
driving.
②结果，坏事变成了好事。
__________________，
the
bad
thing
turned
into
a
good
one.
③这场冲突使他同时失去了住所和生计来源。
________________
this
conflict,
he
lost
both
his
home
and
his
means
of
business.
答案：①in;
from　②As
a
result　③As
a
result
of
[第6段]
7．On
the
other
hand,
there
are
those,
like
George
Hambley,
who
are
opposed
to
this
view
and
believe
that
we
should
not
worry
about
high
levels
of
carbon
dioxide
in
the
air.(教材P27)
在另一方面，还有一些人，像乔治·汉布利，反对这个观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中有高含量的二氧化碳。
?oppose
vt.反对；对抗；与(某人)较量
①Many
people
are_opposed_to
any
change
to
the
current
legislation.
许多人反对对当前立法进行任何改动。
②I
oppose
your
going
there
alone.
我反对你单独去那里。
名师点津
“反对/同意(做)某事”的多种表达：
(1)“反对(做)某事”的表达有：be
opposed
to
(doing)
sth.,
oppose
(doing)
sth.,
object
to
(doing)
sth.,
be
against
(doing)
sth.。
(2)“同意(做)某事”的表达有：agree
to
do
sth.,
be
in
favour
of
sth.,
be
for
(doing)
sth.,
subscribe
to
sth.。
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①It
was
not
the
plan
that
we
were
opposed
________.
②After
the
professor
was
opposed
to
________
(carry)
out
the
project,
the
media
focused
on
it.
③The
effect
of
the
medication
was
________
(oppose)
to
that
intended.
答案：①to　②carrying　③opposite
8．They
predict
that
any
warming
will
be
mild
with
few
bad
environmental
consequences.(教材P27)
他们预言说，变暖的情况不会很严重，对环境的影响也不会太坏。
?consequence
n．结果；后果；影响
①Don't
be
uneasy
about
the
consequences.
不必为后果忧虑不安。
②We
didn't
have
enough
money
to
pay
our
bus
fare,
and
in_consequence
we
had
to
walk.
我们没有足够的钱买车票，所以只能步行。
③He
is
a
man
of_little_consequence
in
the
Labour
Party.
他是工党中无足轻重的人物。
④He
had
been
ill
for
a
long
time
and
consequently
he
was
behind
in
his
work.
他病了很久，因此耽误了功课。
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①In
________
(consequent)
of
his
hard
work,
he
was
awarded
heavily
by
the
committee.
②I
don't
suppose
it
is
of
________
consequence
now.
答案：①consequence　②any
9．In
fact,
Hambley
states,_“More
carbon
dioxide
is
actually
a
positive
thing.
It
will
make
plants
grow
quicker;
crops
will
produce
more;
it
will
encourage
a
greater
range
of
animals—all
of
which
will
make
life
for
human
beings
better.”(教材P27)
实际上，汉布利是这样说的：“二氧化碳含量的增加实际上是件好事，它使植物生长更快，庄稼产量更高，还能促进动物的增多——所有这些都能改善人类的生活。”
?state
vt.陈述；说明
①The
witness
stated
that
he
had
not
seen
the
woman
before.
该证人说他从未见过这个女人。
②The
roads
are
in_a
terrible
state
after
the
severe
winter
weather.
严冬过后，这些公路的路况很差。
③We
must
pay
taxes
to
the
state.
我们应该向国家交税。
【即景活用1】
(1)单句语法填空
①Having
witnessed
the
accident,
I
thought
it
was
my
duty
to
make
a
________
(state)
to
the
police.
②She
wept
to
see
him
________
such
a
miserable
state.
答案：①statement　②in
(2)单句写作
据称，那家医院的医疗水准在不断下降。
________________
that
standards
at
the
hospital
were
dropping.
答案：It
was
stated
?range
n．种类；范围
图解助记
①The
elegant
lady
came
within_my_range_of
vision.
这位优雅的女士进入了我的视野。
②The
frontier
ranges_from
the
northern
hill
to
the
southern
coast.
边界从北部山地一直延伸到南部海岸。
③A_wide_range_of
colours
and
patterns
are
available.
各种颜色和样式都有。
④Range
the
cards
in
the
order
of
the
letters.
把卡片按字母顺序排列。
【即景活用2】
(1)单句语法填空
①We
can't
afford
the
house,
because
the
price
is
well
________
our
range.
②She
has
a
wide
range
of
interests,
________
(range)
from
playing
chess
to
swimming.
答案：①beyond　②ranging
(2)单句写作
这家餐馆因其提供的适合各种口味和消费水平的顾客的食物而广受欢迎。
This
restaurant
has
become
popular
for
its
____________
foods
that
suit
all
tastes
and
pockets.
答案：wide
range
of
[第7段]
10．Even_if
we
start
reducing
the
amount
of
carbon
dioxide
and
other
greenhouse
gases,
the
climate
is
going
to
keep
on
warming
for
decades
or
centuries.(教材P27)
即使我们开始减少二氧化碳及其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。
?even
if引导的让步状语从句
[剖析]　本句中的从句为even
if引导的让步状语从句，连接词意为“即使；尽管”。
①Even_if/though
you
travel
in
ideal
weather,
sea
journeys
will
take
a
long
time.
即使你旅行的天气理想，海上旅行所花的时间也较长。
②Although/Though
poor,
they
are
honest.
尽管穷，但他们很诚实。
③While
I
am
willing
to
help,
I
do
not
have
much
time
available.
尽管我愿意帮忙，但是我没有多少时间。
④Try
as/though
he
might
(＝However
hard
he
tried＝Although/Though
he
tried
as
hard
as
possible),
he
couldn't
open
the
door.
他想尽了办法也没能打开门。
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①He
is
so
busy.
He
cannot
afford
enough
time
to
stay
with
his
son
even
________
he
wants
to.
②Even
________
he
was
getting
angry,
his
voice
remained
level.
答案：①if/though　②though/if
11．Glance
quickly
at
the
magazine
article
and
answer
the
questions.(教材P27)
快速浏览杂志文章，并回答下列问题。
?glance
vi.看一下；扫视　n．一瞥
glance
at
浏览
①Tom
glanced_at/took_a_glance_at
the
newspaper
headlines.
汤姆匆匆看了一眼报纸的大标题。
②At_first_glance
the
problem
seemed
easy.
乍一看问题似乎很容易。
辨析：stare
at,
glance
at,
glimpse
at与glare
at
stare
at
长时间的盯着看。有羡慕或惊奇的意思
glance
at
匆匆一看，瞥视。看的时间短暂，强调动作
glimpse
at
无意识的一瞥。强调结果
glare
at
怒目而视。有敌对情绪
③It's
rude
to
stare_at
our
guest.
盯着我们的客人看是粗鲁的。
④The
manager
glanced_at
the
document
and
signed
his
name.
经理浏览了文件，并且签了名。
⑤I
glimpsed_at
her
among
the
crowd
just
now.
刚才我在拥挤的人群中瞥见了她。
⑥The
dog
glared_at
the
stranger
and
barked.
狗怒视着这个陌生人，狂叫着。
【即景活用】
(1)单句语法填空
She
took
a
rapid
glance
________
me
and
lowered
her
eyes.
答案：at
(2)单句写作
①窃贼匆匆环顾了一下，便溜进了那幢房屋。
The
burglar
took
a
quick
________________
and
then
stole
into
the
house.
②他一眼就看出了问题所在。
He
could
tell
_____________
what
was
wrong.
答案：①glance
around　②at
a
glance
课后演练提能
课后演练一
Ⅰ.完形填空
Pollution
has
been
known
to
exist
for
a
very
long
time,
and
we
know
at
least
since
people
__1__
using
fire
thousands
of
years
ago.
It
has
seen
the
growth
of
truly
global
proportions
only
since
the
onset
of
the
__2__
revolution
during
the
19th
century.
Environmental
pollution
is
a
problem
both
in
developed
and
__3__
countries.
Factors
such
as
population
__4__
and
urbanization
(城市化进程)
invariably
place
great
demands
on
the
__5__
and
stretch
the
use
of
natural
__6__
to
the
maximum.
Environmental
pollution
is
causing
a
lot
of
distress
not
only
to
humans
but
also
to
__7__，
driving
many
animal
__8__
to
endangerment
and
even__9__.
The
trans boundary
nature
of
environmental
pollution
makes
it
even
more
difficult
to
manage—you
cannot
build
stone
walls
along
the
__10__
of
your
country.
Everything
on
our
planet
is
interconnected.
And
the
nature
supplies
us
with
valuable
environmental
services
without
__11__
we
cannot
exist.
We
all
　12　
each
other's
actions
and
the
way
we
treat
natural
resources.
It's
widely
__13__
that
we
are
hugely
overspending
our
current
budget
of
natural
resources—__14__
the
existing
rates
of
its
exploitation,
and
there
is
no
way
for
the
environment
to
__15__
in
good
time
and
continue
“performing”
well
__16__.
Perhaps
we
should
__17__
a
holistic
view
of
nature—it
is
not
an
entity
that
exists
separately
from
us;
the
nature
is
us,
we
are
a(n)
__18__
part
of
it,
and
we
should
__19__
it
in
the
most
appropriate
manner.
__20__
then
can
we
possibly
solve
the
problem
of
environmental
pollution.
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。污染自从几千年前人类用火的时候就开始了，19世纪工业革命时期开始突出显现。污染是无国界的，我们要用整体的观点去看待大自然，即我们是大自然的一部分，只有用最合适的方式关爱大自然，我们才可能解决污染问题。
1．A.finished
B．started
C．stopped
D．avoided
答案：B　数千年前，人们开始(start)使用火。句意：我们知道污染存在已久，至少从人类几千年前开始使用火时。
2．A.industry
B．industrial
C．industrialism
D．industrious
答案：B　根据句中的时间状语及第二段中关于城市化进程的描述可知，此处表示工业革命(industrial
revolution)开始时。
3.A.developing
B．develops
C．poor
D．rich
答案：A　根据常识，世界上的国家分为两类，一类是发达国家，一类是发展中国家。developing
countries
“发展中国家”。
4.A.rise
B．raise
C．increase
D．growth
答案：D　名词短语“人口增长”有两种表达形式：population
growth和increase
of
population。
5.A.country
B．ground
C．planet
D．space
答案：C　句意：诸如人口增长、城市化进程等因素都不可避免地对我们的星球提出了巨大的需求。planet
“星球”，符合语境。
6.A.energy
B．resources
C．source
D．strength
答案：B　根据语境可知，此处表示“人类最大程度地使用着自然资源”。resource
“资源”，符合语境。
7.A.animals
B．plants
C．people
D．man
答案：A　根据空前的humans和空后的animal可知，应选A项。
8.A.species
B．kinds
C．groups
D．society
答案：A　根据英语表达习惯及本句句意可知，species
“物种”，符合题意。
9.A.exist
B．existence
C．existing
D．extinction
答案：D　前面说“……使很多动物物种处于危险中”，然后用了even说明后果更加严重，故选D项。extinction
“灭绝”。
10.A.boundary
B．forest
C．border
D．soil
答案：C　根据句意可知，环境污染的“无国界性”使它更加难以控制——你不可能在国家的边界建一道道石墙。border
“边界；国界”，为正确选项。boundary
“界限；分界线”，一般指在行政区域内，而不是国与国之间的界限。
11.A.that
B．which
C．/
D．where
答案：B　定语从句的引导词位于介词后且先行词为物时，引导词应用which。
12．A.take
part
in
B．attend
to
C．look
at
D．depend
on
答案：D　上句说“自然提供给我们赖以生存的环境资源”，故此处表示“我们都互相依赖着彼此的行为和对待自然资源的方式”。depend
on
“依靠；依赖”，符合题意。
13．A.heard
B．recognized
C．reported
D．said
答案：B　句意：我们都意识到，我们正过度挥霍大自然现有的资源。recognize
“意识到”。
14．A.by
B．in
C．with
D．at
答案：D　表示“以……的速度、进度”，用介词at。
15．A.recover
B．remove
C．react
D．recreate
答案：A　根据上文语境：人类过度使用自然资源可知，人类没有方法使环境及时恢复(recover)。
16．A.nowadays
B．in
the
future
C．recently
D．at
present
答案：B　由continue
“继续”可知，in
the
future
“在将来”，符合题意。
17．A.express
B．convey
C．adopt
D．adapt
答案：C　本句意为：或许我们应该采取(adopt)一种整体的观点去看待大自然……
18．A.alienable
B．separated
C．inalienable
D．divided
答案：C　自然就是我们，我们是自然不可分割的一部分，所以应以最恰当的方式对待它。inalienable
“不可分割的”，符合题意。
19．A.care
for
B．be
careful
C．look
out
D．take
care
答案：A　care
for
“爱护；照顾；照料”，此处表示爱护自然环境。其余三项意为“小心”，均不符合题意。
20．A.Until
B．Since
C．Only
D．Till
答案：C　本句的语序为倒装语序。在英语中以“only＋状语”放在句子开头时，句子要使用倒装语序。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2019·陕西省部分学校摸底检测)Scientists
are
preparing
to
launch
the
world's
first
machine
to
clean
up
the
planet's
largest
mass
of
ocean
plastic.
The
experts
believe
the
machine
should
be
able
to
collect
half
of
the
detritus
in
the
patch—about
40,000
metric
tons—within
five
years.
In
the
past
few
weeks
they
have
been
busy
welding
together
giant
tubes
that
will
sit
on
the
surface
of
the
sea
and
form
the
skeleton
of
the
machine,
creating
the
largest
floating
barrier
ever
made.
The
system,
originally
dreamt
up
by
Mr
Slat,
will
be
shipped
out
this
summer
to
the
Great
Pacific
Garbage
Patch,
between
Hawaii
and
California,
which
contains
estimated
1.8
trillion
pieces
of
plastic.
It
will
be
the
first
ever
attempt
to
tackle
the
patch
since
it
was
discovered
in
1997.
Mr
Slat
was
16
and
still
at
school
when
he
was
diving
in
Greece
and
first
saw
for
himself
the
amount
of
plastic
polluting
the
sea.
“There
were
more
bags
than
fish
down
there，”
he
recalls.
Two
years
later
he
came
up
with
a
solution,
quit
university
after
six
months
and
set
up
The
Ocean
Cleanup
as
a
company.
Mr
Slat
says
the
first
plastic
to
arrive
on
shore
will
be
a
major
milestone.
“We
as
humanity
created
this
problem,
so
I
think
it's
also
our
responsibility
to
help
solve
it，”
he
says.
The
Great
Pacific
Garbage
Patch
(GPGP)
covers
an
area
of
1.6
million
square
kilometers
and
contains
at
least
79,000
tons
of
plastic,
research
found
last
month.
Most
of
it
is
made
up
of
“ghost
gear”—parts
of
abandoned
and
lost
fishing
gear,
such
as
nets
and
ropes—often
from
illegal
fishing
vessels.
Ghost
gear
kills
more
than
100,000
whales,
dolphins
and
seals
each
year,
according
to
scientific
surveys.
Seabirds
and
other
marine
life
are
increasingly
being
found
dead
with
stomachs
full
of
small
pieces
of
plastic.
Creatures
eat
plastic
discarded
in
the
sea
thinking
it's
food
but
then
starve
to
death
because
they
are
not
feeding
properly.
Others
are
trapped
and
die
of
starvation
or
are
strangled
or
suffocated
by
ghost
gear.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界首个海洋垃圾清扫机的发明。
1．What
does
the
underlined
word
in
the
second
paragraph
probably
mean
A．Waste.
B．Ocean.
C．System.
D．Machine.
答案：A　词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词前的“collect
half
of”，第四段第一句中的“first
saw
for
himself
the
amount
of
plastic
polluting
the
sea”和第五段最后一句中的“parts
of
abandoned
and
lost
fishing
gear,
such
as
nets
and
ropes—often
from
illegal
fishing
vessels”可推知，画线词的意思是“垃圾”，故选A。
2．Which
one
makes
up
most
of
the
garbage
in
Pacific
from
the
passage
A．Fishing
vessels.
B．Dolphins
and
seals.
C．Giant
tubes.
D．Abandoned
fishing
gear.
答案：D　细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Most
of
it
is
made
up
of
‘ghost
gear’—parts
of
abandoned
and
lost
fishing
gear,
such
as
nets
and
ropes—often
from
illegal
fishing
vessels.”可知，太平洋里的大部分垃圾是由废弃的钓鱼用具组成的。
3．Why
do
some
creatures
in
The
Great
Pacific
Garbage
Patch
die
of
starvation
A．Because
they
are
killed
by
ghost
gear.
B．Because
they
are
suffocated
by
ghost
gear.
C．Because
they
don't
like
eating
plastic.
D．Because
they
are
not
feeding
properly.
答案：D　细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句中的“but
then
starve
to
death
because
they
are
not
feeding
properly”可知，太平洋垃圾带的一些生物死于饥饿是因为它们不能真正地进食。
4．What
is
the
main
idea
of
the
passage
A．A
report
about
the
death
of
marine
life.
B．News
about
the
first
machine
to
clean
up
ocean
plastic.
C．Information
about
ocean
plastic.
D．The
reason
for
inventing
a
machine.
答案：B　主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界首个海洋垃圾清扫机的发明。第一段“Scientists
are
preparing
to
launch
the
world's
first
machine
to
clean
up
the
planet's
largest
mass
of
ocean
plastic.”点明了文章的主题，故选B。
1．skeleton
n.
(建筑物等的)构架；框架；骨架
2．marine
adj.
海洋的；海产的
3．strangle
vt.
抑制；扼死
4．suffocate
vt.
(使某人)窒息而死
come
up
with
(突然)想起
B
(2019·广东省惠州市高三第一次调研考试)Workers
at
an
Indian
start up
company
are
busy
cutting
metal
into
pieces
and
using
them
to
make
unusual
devices.
Company
officials
say
these
devices
will
capture
smoke
from
diesel
generators
and
turn
it
into
ink.
Young
engineers
believe
the
technology
will
help
to
clean
up
the
air
in
New
Delhi,
India's
capital.
Its
air
quality
is
among
the
dirtiest
in
the
world.
People
often
blame
the
millions
of
cars
on
the
streets
of
New
Delhi
for
the
air
pollution.
But
another
big
reason
is
the
city's
diesel
generators.
Industries
and
buildings
use
the
huge
machines
to
light
up
homes
and
offices
during
power
outages.
These
outages
often
strike
in
the
summer
months.
Arpit
Dhupar
is
one
of
the
three
engineers
who
set
up
the
start up
company
Chakr
Innovation.
He
says
that
pollution
from
cars
and
other
vehicles
gets
all
the
media
attention,
but
adds
that
“the
silent
polluters
are
the
diesel
generators”.
Dhupar
decided
to
find
a
way
to
fight
air
pollution
three
years
ago.
At
the
time,
he
saw
a
wall
blackened
from
the
smoke
coming
from
a
diesel
generator.
This
sight
led
to
the
creation
of
Chakr
Innovation.
Dhupar
had
personally
experienced
the
effect
of
the
air
pollution.
He
developed
breathing
problems
while
growing
up
in
Delhi.
After
over
two
years
of
research
and
development,
Chakr
Innovation
has
begun
selling
devices
to
capture
pollution
from
diesel
generators.
To
date，
the
devices
have
been
set
up
in
50
places,
including
private
businesses.
The
technology
involves
cooling
the
air
pollution
in
a
“heat
exchanger”
where
the
dirty
particles
come
together.
These
are
then
moved
into
another
area
that
captures
70
to
90
percent
of
the
particulate
(微粒的)
matter.
The
carbon
is
isolated
from
the
emissions
and
turned
into
ink.
In
recent
years,
there
has
been
a
lot
of
talk
about
improving
Delhi's
air
by
reducing
vehicular
pollution
and
making
stronger
rules
for
vehicle
manufacturers.
But
the
same
has
not
happened
for
diesel
generators.
There
are
efforts
to
punish
businesses
that
dirty
the
air,
but
this
often
leads
to
them
finding
ways
to
get
around
the
rules.
Tushar
Mathur
works
at
Chakr
Innovation.
He
feels
that
turning
smoke
into
ink
is
a
useful
solution.
He
calls
the
technology
“a
win win
between
businesses
and
the
environment”.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，通过介绍印度新德里的环境状况，向我们介绍了把烟变成墨水的一种改善环境的解决方法。
5．What
do
we
know
about
the
devices
from
Paragraph
1
A．They
are
made
in
a
big
company.
B．They
are
cut
into
pieces
of
metal.
C．They
can
turn
dirty
smoke
into
ink.
D．They
will
certainly
clean
up
the
dirty
air.
答案：C　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Company
officials
say
these
devices
will
capture
smoke
from
diesel
(柴油)
generators
and
turn
it
into
ink.”可知，它们可以把污浊的烟变成墨水。
6．The
air
pollution
in
New
Delhi
may
be
the
most
serious
in
________.
A．March
B．July
C．September
D．December
答案：B　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在新德里除了车辆所产生的污染物外，柴油发电机是空气污染的另一个重要的原因，而最后一句说明夏天是停电的高峰期，而柴油发电机显然是在停电期间使用最多，可推断出夏季很可能是空气污染最严重的季节，故选B项。
7．What
caused
Dhupar
to
found
Chakr
Innovation
A．The
determination
to
fight
air
pollution.
B．The
development
of
breathing
problems.
C．The
media
attention
to
vehicular
pollution.
D．The
sight
of
a
wall
blackened
by
smoke.
答案：D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“At
the
time,
he
saw
a
wall
blackened
from
the
smoke
coming
from
a
diesel
generator.
This
sight
led
to
the
creation
of
Chakr
Innovation.”可知，一堵被烟熏黑的墙使Dhupar创立了Chakr
Innovation，故选D项。
8．When
the
device
works,
how
are
the
dirty
particles
gathered
together
A．By
cooling
the
polluted
air.
B．By
isolating
the
emissions.
C．By
moving
the
dirty
particles.
D．By
capturing
the
particulate
matter.
答案：A　细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“The
technology
involves
cooling
the
air
pollution
in
a
‘heat
exchanger’
where
the
dirty
particles
come
together.”可知，在一个“热交换器”里冷却空气污染物就能使脏颗粒聚集起来。
1．diesel
n.
柴油机；柴油
2．outage
n.
中断供应；电力中断
1．blame
...
for
因……而责备
2．to
date
至今；迄今为止
3．get
around
逃避
课后演练二
[基础题]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Many
small
factories
in
that
country
closed
down
for
lack
of
f________.
答案：fuels
2．He
s________
that
he
had
never
seen
him
before.
答案：stated
3．He
is
o________
to
current
trends
in
language
learning.
答案：opposed
4．The
object
of
these
experiments
was
to
find
the
connection
between
the
two
p________.
答案：phenomena
5．People
t________
to
need
less
sleep
as
they
get
older.
答案：tend
Ⅱ.选词填空
come
about,
subscribe
to,
quantities
of,
go
up,
result
in,
be
opposed
to,
even
if,
keep
on,
range
from
...
to
...
,
build
up
1．How
did
it
________
that
he
knew
where
we
were
答案：come
about
2．I
________
a
number
of
journals
concerned
with
my
subject.
答案：subscribe
to
3．Inflation
may
be
rising,
if
(it
is)
so,
prices
will
________.
答案：go
up
4．The
reform
has
________
tremendous
changes
in
our
country.
答案：resulted
in
5．Public
opinion
________
the
war.
答案：was
opposed
to
6．This
supermarket
has
various
things,
________
food
________
clothes.
答案：ranging
from;
to
7．________
I
have
to
walk
all
the
way,
I'll
get
there.
答案：Even
if
8．________
going
till
you
come
to
a
red
brick
building.
答案：Keep
on
9．He
has
________
his
own
business.
答案：built
up
10．The
police
discovered
________
arms
hidden
in
the
cave.
答案：quantities
of
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．He
would
be
opposed
to
________
(change)
the
plan.
答案：changing
2．You
can't
always
depend
on
others
________
(help)
you.
答案：to
help
3．Though
he
is
less
than
one
year
old,
he
is
strong
enough
to
walk
________
(steady)．
答案：steadily
4．Those
________
(trap)
in
the
burning
building
managed
to
escape.
答案：trapped
5．David,
one
of
my
best
friends,
did
not
subscribe
________
my
proposal,
which,
of
course,
made
me
rather
disappointed.
答案：to
6．The
street
was
blocked
as
________
consequence
of
the
heavy
snow.
答案：a
7．After
________
(glance)
at
the
baby,
the
mother
left
quickly.
答案：glancing
8．How
did
________
come
about
that
the
prisoner
escaped
from
the
prison
答案：it
9．The
condition
was
left
untreated,
eventually
________
(result)
in
blindness.
答案：resulting
10．You
should
eat
a
little
________
if
you
don't
like
the
food.
答案：even
Ⅳ.单句改错
1．Whether
he
can
continue
to
work
in
the
company
depends
whether
he
can
grasp
the
chance.
__________________________________
答案：depends后加on/upon
2．It
was
last
summer
when
I
graduated
from
the
university.
__________________________________
答案：when→that
3．I
don't
subscribe
to
the
view
which
girls
are
slower
than
boys
in
middle
school.
__________________________________
答案：which→that
4．These
policies
have
resulted
from
many
elderly
and
disabled
people
suffering
hardship.
__________________________________
答案：from→in
5．Even
you
are
busy
with
your
work,
you
should
look
after
the
child.
__________________________________
答案：Even后加if/though
[能力题]
阅读理解
A
About
5,000
children
die
each
day
because
of
preventable
diseases
such
as
cholera
and
dysentery
(痢疾),
which
spread
when
people
use
unclean
water
for
drinking
or
cooking.
A
lack
of
water
for
personal
health
leads
to
the
spread
of
totally
preventable
diseases
like
trachoma,
which
has
blinded
some
six
million
people.
Water
troubles
also
trap
many
low income
fa milies
in
a
cycle
of
poverty
and
poor
education
and
the
poorest
suffer
most
from
lack
of
access
to
water.
People
who
spend
much
of
their
time
on
ill
health,
caring
for
sick
children,
or
collecting
water
at
a
distance
averaging
3.75
miles
a
day
don't
have
educational
and
economic
chances
to
better
their
lives.
Agriculture
is
called
the
lion's
share
of
freshwater
worldwide,
using
some
70
percent,
and
industrial
use
needs
another
22
percent.
Water
areas
have
no
political
borders
and
nations
don't
always
work
together
to
share
common
resources,
so
water
can
be
a
frequent
source
of
international
problems
as
well.
Day by day
demand
keeps
growing,
further
needing
water
sources,
from
great
rivers
to
groundwater.
“We're
going
deeper
into
debt
on
our
groundwater
use，”
Postel
said,
“and
that
has
great
effects
on
global
water
safety.
The
rate
of
groundwater
use
has
doubled
since
1960.”
Some
of
Earth's
groundwater
is
fossil
water
created
when
Earth's
climate
was
far
different.
Today
such
water
is
as
limited
as
petrol.
“But
we're
pumping
much
of
them
out
faster
than
ever，”
Postel
explained.
“Man's
growing
thirst
also
causes
a
major
problem
about
water
and
our
ecosystems.
And
that
also
creates
a
cost
to
us,
to
our
sons
and
to
our
grandsons,
not
just
to
nature.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。全文阐释了水资源短缺的现象及其影响。
1．What
does
the
author
mainly
discuss
in
the
passage
A．Water
shortage
has
been
the
most
serious
challenge.
B．So
many
children
die
of
polluted
water
every
day.
C．Diseases
should
be
properly
controlled
and
treated.
D．Wasting
water
leads
to
the
unrest
of
the
world.
答案：A　主旨大意题。本文讲述了目前在全世界范围内，水资源短缺给人们的健康、生活、经济等带来的问题，水资源短缺是人类面临的一个重大的挑战。
2．Why
is
agriculture
called
the
lion's
share
of
freshwater
A．Because
agriculture
is
much
stronger
than
industry.
B．Because
more
people
live
on
the
agricultural
produce.
C．Because
agriculture
uses
about
two thirds
of
freshwater.
D．Because
nations
don't
always
work
together
to
save
water.
答案：C　细节理解题。依据第三段中的“Agriculture
...,
using
some
70
percent,
and
industrial
use
needs
another
22
percent.”可知，世界上的淡水大约有三分之二被农业生产耗用，即农业消耗大量的淡水资源。
3．According
to
what
Postel
said
we
can
know
________.
A．groundwater
is
rich
for
us
to
use
B．there
is
no
need
to
dig
deep
for
groundwater
C．we
are
using
our
next
generation's
water
D．we
should
use
river
water
instead
of
groundwater
答案：C　细节理解题。依据第四、五段中Postel的话，尤其是第五段中的“And
that
also
creates
a
cost
to
us,
to
our
sons
and
to
our
grandsons,
not
just
to
nature.”可知，我们正在消耗我们子孙的水资源。
4．What
can
we
infer
from
the
passage
A．We
shouldn't
use
water
from
rivers.
B．We
should
protect
our
ecosystems.
C．Water
should
be
distributed
equally.
D．Laws
should
be
passed
for
groundwater.
答案：B　推理判断题。由文章尾段的“Man's
growing
thirst
also
causes
a
major
problem
about
water
and
our
ecosystems.”可推知，我们要保护我们赖以生存的生态系统。
1．trap
vt.
使陷入困境
2.border
n.
边界；国界
3．limited
adj.
有限的
1．a
lack
of
缺少；缺乏
2.care
for
照顾；喜欢
3．go
deep
into
debt
负债累累
B
(2019·河北省邢台市高三第一次月考)The
Shiants,
remote,
cliff edged
islands
off
the
coast
of
Scotland
are
home
to
350,000
seabirds.
This
is
the
starting
point
for
National
Geographic
contributor
Adam
Nicolson's
new
book,
The
Seabirds
Cry.
Celebrating
10
species
in
detail,
he
describes
the
unbelievable
recovery
of
seabirds
and
the
many
adaptations
that
have
enabled
them
to
survive
and
navigate
the
oceans,
while
sounding
a
loud
call
for
their
conservation
among
severely
falling
numbers.
Speaking
from
his
home
in
Sussex,
England,
Nicolson
explains
why
guillemot
(海雀)
colonies
are
information
exchange
centers;
how
new
research
is
showing
that
those
long distance
travelers,
the
shearwaters,
“smell”
their
way
across
the
globe;
and
what
we
can
do
to
support
seabird
populations.
National
Geographic
has
just
kicked_off
Year
of
the
Bird
with
a
cover
story
by
Jonathan
Franzen
titled
“Why
Birds
Matter”.
The
beginning
of
Year
of
the
Bird
is
beneficial
to
birds.
Nicolson
said,
“I'll
ask
you
the
same
question—why
For
me,
these
seabirds
are
symbols
of
uniqueness.
There
is
so
much
on
the
land
where
the
rest
of
the
living
world
seems
to
be
controlled
by
us,
but
when
you
go
to
seabird
colonies,
there
is
this
pumping,
loud
and
raging
uniqueness.
It's
a
glance
of
the
untouched
world.”
“The
reason
why
it's
untouched
is
that,
until
recently,
we
have
not
controlled
the
oceans
that
the
seabirds
depend
on.
More
of
them
have
survived
in
greater
numbers
than
most
other
creatures
in
the
developed
world,
where
huge
amounts
of
the
animal
kingdom
have
been
removed
by
us.
And
so
one
reason
these
birds
matter
is
that
they
are
symbols
of
what
the
world
might
be
if
we
hadn't
done
so
much
damage
to
it，”
he
added.
“Seabirds
also
tend
to
disappear;
they're
not
reliably
of
our
world,
due
to
their
migration
and
habits
of
life.
Very
deep
in
our
consciousness
is
a
sense
that
they
are
ambassadors
from
another
world.
And
witnessing
and
feeling
that
is,
I
think,
one
of
the
great
enlargers
of
life，”
Nicolson
explained.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要是介绍了Adam
Nicolson关于海鸟的研究成果及其新书The
Seabirds
Cry。Adam
Nicolson在书中描述了这些鸟类的现状并呼吁人们加强对鸟类的保护。
5．What
is
the
book
The
Seabirds
Cry
mainly
about
A．Seabirds
on
an
island
and
threats
they
face.
B．The
extinction
of
seabirds.
C．The
importance
of
seabirds.
D．Seabirds
in
the
author's
hometown.
答案：A　推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容及关键词“recovery
of
seabirds”“adaptations”“survive”“severely
falling
numbers”并结合书名《海鸟的哭泣》可知，Adam
Nicolson的书主要是关于这座海岛上10种海鸟的情况及它们面临的威胁，故选A。
6．What
can
we
learn
from
Nicolson's
speech
A．The
wisdom
of
seabirds.
B．Ways
to
protect
seabirds.
C．Migration
routes
of
seabirds.
D．The
harder
situation
of
seabirds.
答案：B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“
...
and
what
we
can
do
to
support
seabird
populations”可知，Nicolson所讲到的内容包含我们保护海鸟的方法，故选B。
7．What
does
the
underlined
phrase
“kicked
off”
in
Paragraph
3
mean
A．Watched
out
for.
B．Cut
across.
C．Expressed.
D．Started.
答案：D　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的下一句“The
beginning
of
Year
of
the
Bird
is
...”可知，kicked
off应与beginning意思相近，意为“开始；启动”，故选D。
8．Which
is
a
lucky
thing
for
seabirds
in
Nicolson's
view
A．The
sea
is
too
large
to
be
polluted.
B．The
sea
isn't
entirely
governed
by
humans.
C．The
seabirds
are
able
to
fit
the
environment.
D．The
seabirds
are
living
in
the
developed
world.
答案：B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The
reason
why
it's
untouched
is
that,
until
recently,
we
have
not
controlled
the
oceans
that
the
seabirds
depend
on.”可知，人类还没有完全控制海鸟的栖息地——海洋，这是Nicolson觉得海鸟幸运的地方，故选B。
1．navigate
vt.
驾驶，操纵
2．consciousness
n.
意识；自觉性
enable
sb.
to
do
sth.
使某人能够做某事