2020版高考英语二轮专题复习通用版专题三　完形填空（课件+训练）

(共30张PPT)
题型突破·专项提升
第一部分
专题三　完形填空
文体3　议论文和说明文
(二)说明文
1
悟真题、取其精华
2
研典题、技法例析
3
随堂练、即时巩固
4
层级练、素能强化
悟真题、取其精华
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
Every
year
about
40,000
people
attempt
to
climb
Kilimanjaro，the
highest
mountain
in
Africa.They
1.____
with
them
lots
of
waste.The
2.____
might
damage
the
beauty
of
the
place.The
glaciers(冰川)
are
disappearing，changing
the
3.____
of
Kilimanjaro.
Hearing
these
stories，I'm
4.____
about
the
place—other
destinations
are
described
as
“purer”
natural
experiences.
D
C
C
B
However，I
soon
5.____
that
much
has
changed
since
the
days
of
disturbing
reports
of
6.____
among
tons
of
rubbish.I
find
a
7.____
mountain，with
toilets
at
camps
and
along
the
paths.The
environmental
challenges
are
8.____
but
the
efforts
made
by
the
Tanzania
National
Park
Authority
seem
to
be
9.____.
The
best
of
a
Kilimanjaro
10.____，in
my
opinion，isn't
reaching
the
top.
Mountains
are
11.____
as
spiritual
places
by
many
cultures.This
12.____
is
especially
evident
on
Kilimanjaro
as
13.____
go
through
five
ecosystems(生态系统)
in
the
space
of
a
few
kilometers.At
the
base
is
a
rainforest.It
ends
abruptly
at
3,000
meters，14.____
lands
of
low
growing
plants.Further
up，the
weather
15.____—low
clouds
envelop
the
mountainsides，which
are
covered
with
thick
grass.
A
C
D
C
A
B
D
A
B
D
A
I
16.____
twelve
shades
of
green
from
where
I
stand.Above
4,000
meters
is
the
highland
17.____：gravel(砾石)，stones
and
rocks.
18.____
you
climb
into
an
arctic－like
zone
with
19.____
snow
and
the
glaciers
that
may
soon
disappear.
Does
Kilimanjaro
20.____
its
reputation
as
a
crowded
mountain
with
lines
of
tourists
ruining
the
atmosphere
of
peace？I
found
the
opposite
to
be
true.
文章大意：主题：人与自然(环境保护)；话题：乞力马扎罗山。本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了非洲乞力马扎罗山的环境污染以及当地机构努力治理之后环境的改观情况。该语篇能激发深入思考，关注自然和生态，探索人与自然的和谐相处之道。
C
B
D
A
B
1．A．keep　
B．mix　
C．connect　
D．bring
解析：上文语境题。根据第一句“Every
year
about
40,000
people
attempt
to
climb
Kilimanjaro...”可知，每年大约有4万人试图攀登乞力马扎罗山，所以他们攀登的时候带来(bring)了很多垃圾。
2．A．stories
B．buildings
C．crowds
D．reporters
解析：上文语境题。联系上文中的about
40,000
people可知，这些人群(crowds)有可能破坏这个地方的美。
3．A．position
B．age
C．face
D．name
解析：上文语境题。联系上文中的The
glaciers
are
disappearing可知，冰川的消失正在改变乞力马扎罗山的面貌(face)。
4．A．silent
B．skeptical
C．serious
D．crazy
解析：下文语境题。联系下文other
destinations
are
described
as
“purer”
natural
experiences可知，其他目的地被描述为“更纯粹的”自然体验，所以作者对乞力马扎罗山被严重破坏的报道表示怀疑(skeptical)。be
skeptical
about对……表示怀疑。silent沉默的；serious严肃的；crazy
疯狂的。
5．A．discover
B．argue
C．decide
D．advocate
解析：下文语境题。联系下文的much
has
changed可知，作者发现(discover)了乞力马扎罗山的变化。argue争论；decide决定；advocate提倡。
6．A．equipment
B．grass
C．camps
D．stones
解析：下文语境题。联系下文中的with
toilets
at
camps可知，这里报道的是营地(camp)。
7．A．remote
B．quiet
C．tall
D．clean
解析：上下文语境题。联系上文However(然而)及下文with
toilets
at
camps
and
along
the
paths(营地和路边都有厕所)可推知，作者看到的是干净的(clean)山。
8．A．new
B．special
C．significant
D．necessary
解析：上文语境题。上文提到乞力马扎罗山有众多游客，而且有很多垃圾，还有令人心烦的诸多报道，由此可知，这里面临的环境挑战是重大的(significant)。new新的；special特殊的；necessary有必要的。
9．A．paying
off
B．spreading
out
C．blowing
up
D．fading
away
解析：上文语境题。联系前文的with
toilets
at
camps
and
along
the
paths可知，坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在奏效(pay
off)。spread
out展开；blow
up爆炸；fade
away逐渐消失。
10．A．atmosphere
B．experience
C．experiment
D．sight
解析：下文语境题。联系下文reaching
the
top可知，作者认为乞力马扎罗山最好的爬山体验(experience)并不是登顶。atmosphere气氛；experiment实验；sight视线。
11．A．studied
B．observed
C．explored
D．regarded
解析：下文语境题。联系空后的by
many
cultures可知，山在很多文化中被看作是(regard)灵魂之地，be
regarded
as被看作是……。study研究；observe观察；explore探索。
12．A．view
B．quality
C．reason
D．purpose
解析：上下文语境题。结合上文的“文化观”，再联系下文的go
through
five
ecosystems可知，这种“经历五种生态系统”的景色(view)在乞力马扎罗山表现尤为明显。quality品质；reason原因；purpose目的。
13．A．scientists
B．climbers
C．locals
D．officials
解析：上文语境题。联系上文的“Every
year
about
40,000
people
attempt
to
climb
Kilimanjaro...”可知，爬山的人(climbers)可以经历五种生态系统。scientist科学家；local本地人；official官员。
14．A．holding
on
to
B．going
back
to
C．living
up
to
D．giving
way
to
解析：上文语境题。联系上文的It
ends
abruptly
at
3,000
meters可知，热带雨林在3
000米处突然中止，取而代之的是生长着低矮植物的土地。give
way
to意为“被……代替”，符合语境。hold
on
to坚持；go
back
to回到；live
up
to不辜负。
15．A．changes
B．clears
C．improves
D．permits
解析：上下文语境题。上文介绍了五种生态系统中的两种，再联系下文的low
clouds
envelop
the
mountainsides可知，在这里气候又发生了变化(change)。clear清除；improve改善；permit允许。
16．A．match
B．imagine
C．count
D．add
解析：下文语境题。联系空后的twelve
shades
of
green可知，作者数出了(count)12种绿色。
17．A．village
B．desert
C．road
D．lake
解析：下文语境题。联系冒号后的gravel，stones
and
rocks可知，4
000米以上是荒漠(desert)。
18．A．Obviously
B．Easily
C．Consequently
D．Finally
解析：上下文语境题。上文介绍了从山下到山上的五个生态系统，所以这里说最后(finally)爬到了一个像北极圈一样的区域。obviously明显地；easily容易地；consequently因此，所以。
19．A．permanent
B．little
C．fresh
D．artificial
解析：上文语境题。联系上文的climb
into
an
arctic－like
zone可知，攀登者到了一个像北极圈的地方，所以这里是指常年积雪。permanent意为“永久的，永恒的”，符合语境。little少的；fresh新鲜的；artificial人造的。
20．A．enjoy
B．deserve
C．save
D．acquire
解析：下文语境题。联系下文的“I
found
the
opposite
to
be
true.”可知，作者在这里进行反问：乞力马扎罗山真的应该获得(deserve)游人如织，破坏了其平和景象的拥挤山脉这一名声吗？
一、题型解读
说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态、用途、原理或事物的发生、发展、结果、用途、原理等进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。与记叙文相比，说明文类完形填空有如下命题特点：
1．文章多用现在时态。说明文通常是对客观事物或实例的介绍与说明，与时间的变化关系不大，所以文章常用现在时态。
名
师
点
津
2．语言简练、平实、准确，常采用客观描述。说明文的目的是要帮助读者认清事物，明白事理，所以语言简练、平实，易于理解，内容客观真实。
3．文章主题明确，层次分明。高考说明文类完形填空往往文章开头就点明说明对象，从而为同学们把握文章主题提供有利条件。而且，作者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章，使文章结构清晰，层次分明。
二、解题技巧
1．明确说明对象，理清段落关系。通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的关系，加深对说明对象的理解。
2．弄清说明顺序，把握文章脉络。在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行解说。把握了说明顺序能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质等)。
研典题、技法例析
1．掌握说明顺序
为了清楚、条理地说明事物，作者通常会使用列举等各种方法来说明顺序和步骤，考生需要格外注意这些线索和走势。
First
of
all...Then...__2__，the
pen
should
make
a
thick,
dark
line.Fine－line
pens
may
compensate
for
bad
handwriting,
but
fine,
delicate
lines
do
not
command
attention
next
to
printed
text,
as,
for
example，
a
signature
on
a
printed
letter.A
broader
line,
on
the
other
hand,
gives
an
impression
of
confidence
and
authority(权威)．
A．Meanwhile　　　　　　
B．Generally
C．Afterwards
D．Finally
典
例
[解题思路]
作者为了介绍怎样选择好用的钢笔使用了过渡词first
of
all,
then等引出相关的细节内容，然后选finally，与前面的过渡词保持一致。在说明文完形填空试题中，要特别注意文中用来举例或说明步骤、方法或过程等的单词或短语。故选__D__。
2．利用逻辑关系
完形填空通常通过上下文的逻辑关系来命题。理清上下文是怎样的逻辑关系，找准关键信息词，可以帮助我们解题。
Hundreds
of
people
have
formed
impressions
of
you
through
that
little
device(装置)
on
your
desk.And
they've
never
actually
met
you.Everything
they
know
about
you
came
through
this
device,
sometimes
from
hundreds
of
miles
away.__43__
they
feel
they
can
know
you
just
from
the
sound
of
your
voice.That's
how
powerful
the
telephone
is.
A．Thus
B．Yet
C．Then
D．Indeed
典
例
[解题思路]
上文说，很多人只凭桌上一个小小的装置(电话)就有了对你的印象，即使从未谋面。他们对你的一切了解都来自这台装置，有时甚至相隔好几百英里。这里说，然而，他们感觉仅通过你的声音就能了解你是个什么样的人。thus“因此，这样”；yet“然而”；then“于是，接着”；indeed“的确；确实”。根据句意选_B__。
3．明白所举事例
作者为了说明一件事情或一个道理，通常会举出具体的事例。举例说明是说明文的常用手法，也是做题的突破口。例如：
To
find
the
meaning
from
text－based
clues,
you
should
look
for
clues
in
the
sentence.A
second
kind
of
clue
does
not
rely
on
specific
words
to
indicate
the
meaning.This
kind
of
context
clue
is
called
a
framework－based
clue.Your
knowledge
of
the
meaning
of
surrounding
words
helps
you
discover
the
meaning
of
a
word
or
mon
sense
and
your
knowledge
of
the
part
of
speech
also
help
define
unknown
words.
典
例
For
example,
the
angry
driver
shouted
vehemently
during
his
fight
with
the
other
driver.What
does
“vehemently”
__56__？
You
know
what
__57__
means,
and
you
know
how
people
feel
when
they
argue.From
this,
you
can
figure
out
that
“vehemently”
has
something
to
do
with
strong
emotion
or
intense
feelings.
56．A．mean.
B．use
C．contain
D．complete
57．A．angry
B．grateful
C．happy
D．anxious
[解题思路]
本文主要介绍在阅读过程中学习生词的方法和技巧。有时候在阅读中所遇到的生词的意思可以通过语境知道其含义。空格前面的句子说，常识和对词性的了解也有助于(读者)给生词下定义。为了表达上文的意思，作者举例说，一个发怒的司机与另一个司机吵架的过程中喊叫着。这里用副词vehemently来修饰动词shouted。作者这里肯定问的是：“vehemently”是什么意思呢？因此56题选_A__项，与下文中的“You
know
what
__57__
means”形成呼应。57题选__A__，意思是“你知道angry是什么意思，而且你(也)知道人们在争辩时的感受”，也与上文中的“the
angry
driver”相呼应。因此理解所举例子对理解文章所述道理非常有帮助。
随堂练、即时巩固
层级练、素能强化第一编　专题三　文体3　(一)
(2018·长春外国语学校四模)
Do
you
have
a
dream
It
is
part
of
your
life
Everybody
had
dreams.I
have
a
_1.C__，
too.When
I
slept,
I
would
dream
of
living
it;
when
I
_2.D__，
I
would
work
for
living
it.
One
day,
somebody
told
me,
“To
_3.C__
is
better
than
to
arrive.”
Hearing
this,
I
_4.D__
laughed
it
off,
not
quite
understanding
how
that
was
even
_5.A__.And
I
didn't
realize
how
true
it
was
_6.B__
I
had
what
I
wanted.Then
I
suddenly
realized
that
the
person
living
the
dream
was
different
from
the
one
who
had
_7.B__
fot
it.Since
then,
I
have
made
a
great
_8.A__
to
work
for
the
realization
of
my
dream._9.C__，
I
achieved
what
I
had
wanted.I
have
now
become
a
wiser,
calmer,
stronger
and
more
passionate
person.
The
journey
had
_10.B__
me
a
lot.I
made
mistakes
and
learned
from
them.I_11.A__
and
learned
to
get
up
again.I
cried
and
I
learned
to
wipe
away
my
tears.I
made
friends
and
learned
to
_12.A__
people.I
made
enemies
and
learned
to
value
_13.C__.The
journey
had
transformed
a
caterpillar(毛虫)
into
a
beautiful
butterfly,
eagerly
waiting
to
_14.D__
the
world
with
her
newly－found
wings.
We
all
know
that
our
_15.B__
isn't
as
perfect
as
it
is
in
the
fairy
tales.It
_16.D__
great
ambition
and
courage
to
fulfill
our
dreams.But
we
should
remember
that
even
if
_17.A__
gets
in
our
way,
nothing
will
_18.B__
us.
So
friends,
always
remember：“Experience
is
the
best
_19.C__
and
there
are
no
guarantees
that
one
will
become
an
artist.Only
the
_20.A__
matters.”
So
let's
drink
to
a
new
journey.Cheers!
文章大意：梦想的实现需要雄心和勇气。要记住：即使有什么会妨碍我们，也没有什么能阻止我们，经历的过程最重要。
1．A．reason　　　　　　
B．permission
C．dream
D．question
解析：reason理由；permission许可；dream梦想；question问题。句意为：每个人都有梦想，我也有一个梦想。故选C。
2．A．got
in
B．got
through
C．got
on
D．got
up
解析：结合上句“When
I
slept,
I
would
dream
of
living
it”可知该句意为：当我起床的时候，我为实现这个梦想而努力。故选D。
3．A．gather
B．escape
C．travel
D．return
解析：gather聚集；escape逃脱；travel旅行；return归还。句意为：旅行比到达目的地更好。故选C。
4．A．ever
B．even
C．almost
D．just
解析：句意为：听到这句话，我只是一笑而过，不太明白那怎么可能。故选D。
5．A．possible
B．difficult
C．certain
D．necessary
解析：参考上题解析可知选A。
6．A．because
B．until
C．if
D．after
解析：not...until...直到……才……。句意为直到我拥有了我想要的东西，才意识到它是多么的真实。故选B。
7．A．paid
B．worked
C．prepared
D．waited
解析：pay支付；work工作；prepare准备；wait等待。句意为：我突然意识到实现梦想的人与为之努力的人不同。故选B。
8．A．effort
B．research
C．promise
D．difference
解析：effort努力；research研究；
promise许诺；difference不同。句意为：我为实现梦想而努力。故选A。
9．A．Normally
B．Regularly
C．Finally
D．Actually
解析：normally正常地；regularly有规律地；finally最后；actually实际上。句意为：最后我得到了我想要的。故选C。
10．A．pleased
B．changed
C．pressed
D．worried
解析：please使满意；change改变；press按压；worry担忧。句意为：这个过程使我改变了许多。故选B。
11．A．fell
down
B．set
down
C．looked
out
D．put
down
解析：fall
down跌倒，倒下；set
down记下；look
out小心；put
down放下。句意为：我跌倒了，又学会了再次站起来。此处与空后的get
up相对应。故选A。
12．A．value
B．ask
C．miss
D．see
解析：value重视，珍惜；ask问；miss错过；see看见。句意为：我交到了朋友，也学会了重视别人。故选A。
13．A．plans
B．choices
C．lessons
D．concerns
解析：plan计划；choice选择；lesson功课，教训；concern关心。句意为：我树了敌，也学会了重视教训。故选C。
14．A．save
B．imagine
C．enjoy
D．explore
解析：save挽救；imagine想象；enjoy喜爱；explore探索。句意为：殷切期待着用她新发现的翅膀去探索世界。故选D。
15．A．study
B．life
C．plan
D．creation
解析：句意为：我们都知道我们的生活不像童话故事中那样完美。life生活。故选B。
16．A．attracts
B．advises
C．praises
D．takes
解析：句意为：实现梦想需要雄心和勇气。It
takes...to
do
sth.做某事需要……。故选D。
17．A．something
B．anything
C．nothing
D．everything
解析：句意为：但是我们应该记住，即使有东西挡住我们的道路，也没有什么会阻止我们。something某事。故选A。
18．A．persuade
B．stop
C．cure
D．match
解析：参考上题解析。故选B。
19．A．fruit
B．course
C．teacher
D．hope
解析：句意为：经历了最好的老师。teacher老师。故选C。
20．A．journey
B．task
C．decision
D．wealth
解析：文中多次出现journey，所以这里的意思是：只有旅程是最重要的。故选A。(共35张PPT)
题型突破·专项提升
第一部分
专题三　完形填空
文体2　夹叙夹议文
1
悟真题、取其精华
2
研典题、技法例析
3
随堂练、即时巩固
4
层级练、素能强化
悟真题、取其精华
(2018·天津卷)
No
one
is
born
a
winner.People
make
themselves
into
winners
by
their
own
1._____.
I
learned
this
lesson
from
a(n)
2._____many
years
ago.I
took
the
head
3._____
job
at
a
school
in
Baxley，Georgia.It
was
a
small
school
with
a
weak
football
program.
It
was
a
tradition
for
the
school's
old
team
to
play
against
the
4.______
team
at
the
end
of
spring
practice.The
old
team
had
no
coach，and
they
didn't
even
practice
to
5._____
the
game.
C
B
D
D
B
Being
the
coach
of
the
new
team，I
was
excited
because
I
knew
we
were
going
to
win，but
to
my
disappointment
we
were
defeated.I
couldn't
6._____
I
had
got
into
such
a
situation.Thinking
hard
about
it，I
came
to
7._____
that
my
team
might
not
be
the
number
one
team
in
Georgia，but
they
were
8._____
me.I
had
to
change
my
9._____
about
their
ability
and
potential.
I
started
doing
anything
I
could
to
help
them
build
a
little
10._____.Most
important，I
began
to
treat
them
like
11._____.That
summer，when
the
other
teams
enjoyed
their
12._____，we
met
every
day
and
13._____
passing
and
kicking
the
football.
A
A
C
B
A
C
B
D
Six
months
after
suffering
our
14._____
on
the
spring
practice
field，we
won
our
first
game
and
our
second，and
continued
to
15._____.Finally，we
faced
the
number
one
team
in
the
state.I
felt
that
it
would
be
a
16._____
for
us
even
if
we
lost
the
game.But
that
wasn't
what
happened.My
boys
beat
the
best
team
in
Georgia，giving
me
one
of
the
greatest
17._____
of
my
life!
From
the
experience
I
learned
a
lot
about
how
the
attitude
of
the
leader
can
18._____
the
members
of
a
team.Instead
of
seeing
my
boys
as
losers，I
pushed
and
19._____
them.I
helped
them
to
see
themselves
20._____，and
they
built
themselves
into
winners.
Winners
are
made，not
born.
A
B
C
B
D
A
D
文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己当教练的一次经历告诉我们，胜利者是创造出来的，而不是天生的。
1．A．luck　　　　　　　
B．tests
C．efforts
D．nature
解析：上文语境题。联系上句“No
one
is
born
a
winner.(没有人天生是胜利者)”知，人们成为胜利者靠的是自己的努力(efforts)。luck
运气；test
测试；nature自然，天性。
2．A．experiment
B．experience
C．visit
D．show
解析：下文语境题。联系倒数第二段中的from
the
experience可知，从很多年前的一次经历(experience)中“我”明白了这个道理。experiment实验；visit
拜访，参观；show表明，展示。
3．A．operating
B．editing
C．consulting
D．coaching
解析：下文语境题。联系下一段中的being
the
coach
of
the
new
team
(作为新队的教练)可知，“我”承担训练(coach)任务。operate
操作，运行，做手术；edit
编辑；consult咨询，查阅。
4．A．successful
B．excellent
C．strong
D．new
解析：上下文语境题。联系空前的old
team和下文的being
the
coach
of
the
new
team可知，这是老队与新(new)队之间的比赛。successful成功的；excellent
优秀的；strong强壮的。
5．A．cheer
for
B．prepare
for
C．help
with
D．finish
with
解析：上文语境题。由空前提到的practice(训练)可知，训练是为比赛做准备(prepare
for)的。cheer
for
为……欢呼；help
with
帮助……；finish
with以……结束。
6．A．believe
B．agree
C．describe
D．regret
解析：上文语境题。上文提到I
was
excited
because
I
knew
we
were
going
to
win(我很兴奋，因为我知道我们将会赢)，但最后“我们”队输了比赛，这个结果是作者不能接受的，因此他不相信(believe)。agree同意；describe
描述；regret后悔，遗憾。
7．A．realize
B．claim
C．permit
D．demand
解析：上文语境题。联系空前的thinking
hard
about
it
(仔细考虑)可知，此处意为“我逐渐意识到(realize)……”。claim宣称；permit
允许；demand要求，需求。
8．A．reacting
to
B．looking
for
C．depending
on
D．caring
about
解析：上文语境题。联系空前的my
team
might
not
be
the
number
one
team(我的队可能不是最好的)和but(表转折)可知，他们依靠(depend
on)“我”。react
to对……作出回应；look
for
寻找；care
about关心，在乎。
9．A．decision
B．attitude
C．conclusion
D．intention
解析：下文语境题。联系下段中“我”改变自己的做法以及倒数第二段中提到的the
attitude
(态度)可知，空格处是指“我”改变了对他们的态度(attitude)。decision
决定；conclusion
结论；intention意图，计划，打算。
10．A．pride
B．culture
C．fortune
D．relationship
解析：上文语境题。联系空前的I
started
doing
anything
I
could
to
help
them
build
a
little
(我开始做力所能及的一切来帮助他们建立一些)可知，空格处应是一个褒义词，pride(自豪感)符合文意。culture
文化；fortune运气，大笔的钱；relationship关系。
11．A．leaders
B．partners
C．winners
D．learners
解析：上下文语境题。联系上文的winners(胜利者)和倒数第二段中的losers(失败者)可知，“我”开始把他们当胜利者(winner)对待。leader领导者；partner
伙伴，合作者；learner学习者。
12．A．rewards
B．vacations
C．health
D．honor
解析：下文语境题。联系空后的we
met
every
day(我们天天见面)和passing
and
kicking
the
football
(传球和踢球)可知，其他的队在享受假期(vacation)时“我们”在训练。reward
奖赏；health
健康；honor荣誉。
13．A．risked
B．missed
C．considered
D．practiced
解析：下文语境题。联系空后的passing
and
kicking
the
football(传球和踢球)可知，是在训练(practice)。risk
冒险；miss
思念，错过；consider考虑。
14．A．defeat
B．decline
C．accident
D．mistake
解析：上下文语境题。联系上文的we
were
defeated
(我们被打败了)以及空后的on
the
spring
practice
field
(在春季的训练场上)可知，是承受了在春季训练场上的失败(defeat)。decline
下降，减少；accident
事故；mistake错误。
15．A．relax
B．improve
C．expand
D．defend
解析：上文语境题。联系空前的won
our
first
game
and
our
second
(赢了我们第一场比赛、我们第二场比赛)可知，“我们”继续提高(improve)。relax放松；expand
扩展，膨胀；defend保卫，保护。
16．A．shame
B．burden
C．victory
D．favor
解析：下文语境题。联系空后的even
if
we
lost
the
game(即使我们输了比赛)可知，空格处指“与强队对决本身就是一个胜利(victory)”。shame
羞愧；burden
负担；favor恩惠，偏爱，支持。
17．A．chances
B．thrills
C．concerns
D．offers
解析：上文语境题。联系空前的my
boys
beat
the
best
team
(我的队员打败了最好的队)可知，这是“我”生命中最令人激动的事(thrill)之一。chance机会；concern
关心，担心，忧虑；offer主动提议。
18．A．surprise
B．serve
C．interest
D．affect
解析：上文语境题。联系上文“我的队员踢得很好，打败了最好的队”知，“我”的态度的改变影响(affect)了队员。surprise
使……吃惊；serve
服务，提供，端上；interest使……感兴趣。
19．A．encouraged
B．observed
C．protected
D．impressed
解析：上文语境题。联系空前的pushed
(催促)知，空格处是指“鼓励(encourage)他们”。observe
观察；protect
保护；impress使印象深刻。
20．A．honestly
B．individually
C．calmly
D．differently
解析：上文语境题。联系上句中的instead
of
seeing
my
boys
as
losers以及上文的treat
them
like
winners可知，此处是指“我帮他们用不同的方式(differently)看待自己”。honestly老实地，诚实地；individually个人地；calmly平静地。
一、题型解读
夹叙夹议类的完形填空一般有以下三种结构特点：
1．事例→观点：先叙述一件事情，然后针对这件事情发表自己的看法或揭示生活的真理。
2．观点→事例：先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例来说明。一般是一个事例，有时也会用几个事例来说明。一般是一个事例，有时也会用几个事例从不同的侧面加以说明。
3．观点→事例→观点：首先提出一种观点或看法，然后用事例说明，最后再进一步阐述或总结自己的观点。
名
师
点
津
二、解题技巧
1．分析结构，抓住作者观点。在做题时大家要借助文章结构，认真体会记叙和议论的关系，抓住作者的观点，明确文章的组织方式。看文章属于上述哪种结构，从而明白作者的思路。
2．重视首句，把握文章主题。首句往往是文章的关键句、引题句或主题句。通过首句可以初步判断文章的写作中心，为全面理解文章打开一扇“窗户”。
3．叙议兼顾，理解议论内涵。夹叙夹议中叙与议是一个有机的整体，叙是议的基础，而议是叙的升华。在读这类文章时，掌握议论部分的内容是关键，因为叙述是为作者的议论而服务的。所以只有把故事和哲理联系起来，再结合人物心理和行为的描述，全面把握文章才能正确解题。
4．抓住转换，理清逻辑关系。抓住记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维方式，理清上下文之间的逻辑关系，在充分把握语境的基础上，辨析词语，进一步把握作者的观点、态度，找到正确答案。
研典题、技法例析
1．利用作者态度或感彩关联解题
在高考完形填空文章中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)
Two
weeks
earlier，my
son，Ben，had
got
in
touch.He'd
moved
to
England
with
his
mum
when
he
was
three
and
it
had
been
13
years
since
I'd
last
seen
him.So
imagine
my
42.______
when
he
emailed
me
saying
he
wanted
to
come
to
visit
me.
◆A．delight　　　　　
B．relief
C．anger
D．worry
[解题思路]
本题可以利用作者态度或感彩关联解题。前文提到作者已经13年没见过自己的儿子了，因此当儿子发来邮件说他想来看望作者时，作者应该是感到高兴(delight)，故选_A__。
典
例
2．利用褒贬语境判曲直
每篇完形填空所表达的内容都有一定的褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了作者的特定心理、情绪状态和写作意图，因此利用文章内容的褒贬性就能对文章进行准确的逻辑判断，从而在吃透文章并准确传递文章的基础上推断出答案。
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
During
my
second
year
at
the
city
college，I
was
told
that
the
education
department
was
offering
a
“free”
course，called
Thinking
Chess，for
three
credits....And，even
if
I
weren't
43.______
enough
about
free
credits，news
about
our
instructor
was
appealing
enough
to
me.He
was
an
international
grandmaster，which
meant
I
would
be
learning
from
one
of
the
game's
46.______.I
could
hardly
wait
to
47.______
him.
...
典
例
43．A．excited
B．worried
C．moved
D．tired
46．A．fastest
B．easiest
C．best
D．rarest
47．A．interview
B．meet
C．challenge
D．beat
[解题思路]
这是作者在上选修的智慧棋盘课之前的一段心理描写。此处作者表达了自己对即将见到的老师的仰慕，使用了许多褒义词和短语，如appealing，international
grandmaster，could
hardly
wait等。由此可以判断，第43题和第46题也应该选择褒义词，而且应该是含义最积极、感情最浓厚的词语，这样才能符合上下文语境。故第43题选_A__，第46题选_C__。在作者如此强烈的仰慕之情中，作者不可能去“挑战”老师，更不可能去“击败”老师，“采访”也不是作者此时想做的事，因此此处表示“见到”老师本人让作者迫不及待了，故第47题选__B__。
3．利用对应成分分析法解题
完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，通过它推断出未知填空的答案。
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
Teresa
posted
a
photo
of
the
chance
meeting
on
a
social
networking
website
accompanied
by
the
touching
words：“What
a
blessing
this
young
man
was
to
our
family！He
was
so
59.______
and
kind
to
do
this.”
◆A．smart
B．calm
C．sweet
D．fair
典
例
[解题思路]
本题可以利用对应成分分析法解题。
从上述分析可以看出，第59题与kind形成对应关系。因为有and这一并列连词，并且and前后意思应该一致，表示“他做这件事真是太友好和善良了”。故选_C__。
4．依托记叙内容，归纳议论观点
在夹叙夹议文中，叙述和议论不可分割，记叙的目的是议论；议论的目的是说明作者的观点和态度，是对记叙部分的评价或分析，是故事的升华。做题时，需要把文章中的记叙和议论结合起来，保持两者的一致。
It
struck
me
that
playing
against
the
other
team
was
a
great
learning
moment
for
all
the
girls
on
the
team.I
think
it
is
a
general
principle.__19__
is
the
best
teacher.
◆A．Experience
B．Independence
C．Curiosity
D．Interest
[解题思路]
作者的女儿参加一项娱乐性足球赛并进入了锦标赛。周六在与水平更高的队比赛时她们队输了，但是她们的球队善于学习，周日比赛时她们表现得完全不同，居然还进一球。作者由此感慨；实践出真知，经验是最好的老师。这句话就是叙述后的议论，是升华的部分，故选_A__。
典
例
随堂练、即时巩固
层级练、素能强化(共57张PPT)
题型突破·专项提升
第一部分
专题三　完形填空
试卷
年份
体裁
考查类型
高考命题者说
动词
(短语)
名词
(短语)
形容词
(短语)
副词
介词
(短语)
连词
代词
全国卷Ⅰ
2019年
说明文
8
7
4
1
0
0
0
1.选材特点：以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主；短文一般按照时间线索行文，内部逻辑清晰，层次分明。
2.素养考查：选材内容来源于真实生活，平淡叙述中流露人间真情，体现出理性思维、人文情怀、参与社会等中学生应该具备的人文素养。
2018年
记叙文
9
7
3
1
0
0
0
2017年
夹叙夹议文
10
5
4
1
0
0
0
试卷
年份
体裁
考查类型
高考命题者说
动词
(短语)
名词
(短语)
形容词(短语)
副词
介词
(短语)
连词
代词
全国卷Ⅱ
2019年
记叙文
10
5
3
1
1
0
0
3.设题特点：考查词性更加集中，以实词为主，动词占据了半壁江山。对虚词的考查减少到几乎没有。这说明更加注重对文章语境的理解和把握。
2018年
记叙文
10
3
4
2
1
0
0
2017年
记叙文
9
8
3
0
0
0
0
全国卷Ⅲ
2019年
记叙文
9
4
5
2
0
0
0
2018年
记叙文
10
6
4
0
0
0
0
2017年
记叙文
9
7
4
0
0
0
0
做完形填空题切忌边看边选，因为这样解题容易脱离上下文孤立地看句子，从而产生不必要的失误，应遵循以下三个步骤：
一、带空通读，把握大意
这样做的目的是要从整体上了解文章大致信息，弄清楚中心思想。不可在没弄清后文内容的情况下见空就填，只见树木不见森林。提前通读全文，才能全局在胸，熟悉脉络，理清思路，获得整体印象，使思维朝着正确的方向发展。
二、斟词酌句，初选试填
要注意所选的答案填入空白处后，整个句子语法结构(词性、语态、语气、时态)是否合理；其次，看语义是否通顺，上下文是否连贯、呼应；如果几个选项填入空白处，结构和语义没有问题，那么就要从逻辑或其他角度上看哪个选项填入最为合理。同时，要特别注意词组、习语和句型的积累、同义词的辨析以及生活常识的运用。具体解题操作需注意以下几点：
1．跳读首尾句进行预测
一般来讲，高中英语完形填空的首、尾句通常是不挖空的。先跳读这两句，便可判断体裁，猜想它要讲什么。
若首句交代了when，where，who，what，即四个W，那么就是记叙文，很可能就是一个故事，为了测试语篇的理解能力，出题者特别注意选材的趣味性，其结尾往往出人意料，耐人寻味。
若首句是提出或解释说明某事物，一般来说是说明文。
若首句提出一个论点，那么就是议论文。
首句往往开宗明义，是文章的主题。细读首句可启示全文。而尾句又往往是对文章主题的总结。所以，它们是了解文章大意的一个窗口，对我们理解全文有着重要的启示作用。因此，要充分利用段首句提供的信息，去挖掘文章的思路，寻找文章的脉络与线索。
2．利用语法分析解题
完形填空虽然以语境填空为主，但也有部分考查语法项目的题目。对于这类题，考生可以利用平时所学的词汇知识，分析单词(组)的使用范围、动词的及物和不及物，并利用句子结构、句式特点等知识全面衡量所有选项，排除干扰。
3．利用固定词语搭配解题
完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查，主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两方面。习惯用法是英语中某种固定的结构形态，即所谓的“习语”，不能随意改动。所以，考生平时应掌握好习惯用法。近年来对词义辨析题的考查有加大力度的趋势，要做好这类题，需要有较大的词汇量和词语搭配能力、词语辨析能力，特别是在特定的语境中能灵活运用的能力。
4．利用固定句型解题
完形填空虽然注重考查语境理解，但同时也会考到一些固定句型，考生掌握好这些句型，对确定题目的答案很有帮助。
5．巧用排除法解题
在有些情况下，考生如果不能很有把握地直接得出某一道题的答案，可以把排除法和词汇、语法分析结合起来运用，缩小选择的范围，提高正确率。
6．利用逻辑关系解题
尝试从逻辑关系的高度整体上把握，就会不无惊喜地发现逻辑关系才是征服完形填空的最佳途径。所谓逻辑关系并不缥缈，它就隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中。通过逻辑关系的方法，我们可以通过确切、具体的线索，把答案的逻辑意义推测出来，从而在答案中寻找表现了相同逻辑意义的选项。这样做，使得题目的难度大大降低。
7．根据文章的感彩解题
考生在第一遍通读时，应在掌握文章大意，弄清作者思路的基础上，着重寻找反映语境褒贬性的标志性词汇或句子，这些标志性词汇或句子往往对文章的语境褒贬性起着决定性的作用。
8．综合利用各种线索解题
完形填空题主要考查短文阅读理解的能力，因此考生必须阅读全文，弄清句子与句子之间的关系，准确理解全文。为了答好题，考生必须从字里行间寻找能够利用的线索。如书写和形态变化线索(graphic
and
morphological
clues)、词汇线索(lexical
clues)、句法线索(syntactical
clues)、社会文化线索(socio－cultural
clues)，并根据有关的线索进行猜测，作出合理的判断。
9．瞻前顾后，通篇考虑，先易后难。
对比较明显和直接的，自己最有把握的答案先进行确定，而对少数把握不准的题目则可以暂定答案，在复读全文后再进行分析推敲。
三、复读全文，逐一核实
全部答案选定后，将短文结合答案再次细读。如发现上下文在逻辑意义上相矛盾或含混不清、语法错误、不符合语言习惯，则重新进行推敲，做出修正，确定最佳答案。
文体1　记叙文
1
悟真题、取其精华
2
研典题、技法例析
3
随堂练、即时巩固
4
层级练、素能强化
悟真题、取其精华
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)
It's
about
250
miles
from
the
hills
of
west－central
Iowa
to
Ehlers'
home
in
Minnesota.During
the
long
trip
home，following
a
weekend
of
hunting，Ehlers
1.____
about
the
small
dog
he
had
seen
2.____
alongside
the
road.
He
had
3.____
to
coax(哄)
the
dog
to
him
but，frightened，it
had
4.____.
Back
home，Ehlers
was
troubled
by
that
5.____
dog.So，four
days
later，he
called
his
friend
Greg，and
the
two
drove
6.____.After
a
long
and
careful
7.____，Greg
saw，across
a
field，the
dog
moving
8.____
away.Ehlers
eventually
succeeded
in
coaxing
the
animal
to
him.Nervousness
and
fear
were
replaced
with
9.____.It
just
started
licking(舔)
Ehlers'
face.
C
B
A
D
C
C
D
A
B
A
local
farmer
told
them
the
dog
sounded
like
one
10.____
as
lost
in
the
local
paper.The
ad
had
a
11.____
number
for
a
town
in
southern
Michigan.Ehlers
12.____
the
number
of
Jeff
and
Lisa
to
tell
them
he
had
13.____
their
dog.
Jeff
had
14.____
in
Iowa
before
Thanksgiving
with
his
dog，Rosie，but
the
gun
shots
had
scared
the
dog
off.Jeff
searched
15.____
for
Rosie
in
the
next
four
days.
Ehlers
returned
to
Minnesota，and
then
drove
100
miles
to
Minneapolis
to
put
Rosie
on
a
flight
to
Michigan.“It's
good
to
know
there's
still
someone
out
there
who
16.____
enough
to
go
to
that
kind
of
17.____，”
says
Lisa
of
Ehlers'
rescue
18.____.
“I
figured
whoever
lost
the
dog
was
probably
just
as
19.____
to
it
as
I
am
to
my
dogs，”says
Ehlers.“If
it
had
been
my
dog，I'd
hope
that
somebody
would
be
20.____
to
go
that
extra
mile.”
B
B
A
C
A
D
A
B
C
D
D
文章大意：主题：人与自然(人与动物)；话题：Ehlers和一条走失的狗。本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一位男士帮助素不相识的人找回走失的狗的故事，体现了和谐的人际关系。
1．A．read
B．forgot
C．thought
D．heard
解析：上下文语境题。根据空格前面的During
the
long
trip
home,
following
a
weekend
of
hunting可知，在漫长的回家旅途中，经过一个周末的狩猎，Ehlers正驱车回家。再根据后面的the
small
dog
he
had
seen...frightened,
it
had_________可知，他本想把他遇见的那条狗哄到身边来，但是狗受到惊吓跑了，因此他在回家的路上一直想着(think)那条狗。
2．A．fighting
B．trembling
C．eating
D．sleeping
解析：下文语境题。与后面的frightened呼应，此处表示那条狗正在路边发抖(tremble)。
3．A．tried
B．agreed
C．promised
D．regretted
解析：下文语境题。结合后面的to
coax
the
dog
to
him
but,
frightened,
it
had_________可知，本来Ehlers试图(try)把那条狗哄到身边来，希望帮助它。但是却没有成功，狗因为受到惊吓跑掉了。agree
to
do
sth.同意做某事；promise
to
do
sth.许诺做某事；regret
to
do
sth.很遗憾要去做某事。
4．A．calmed
down
B．stood
up
C．rolled
over
D．run
off
解析：上文语境题。but表示转折，虽然Ehlers想把狗哄到身边来，帮助它，但是狗由于害怕，跑掉了(run
off)，此处也与下文的lost等呼应。calm
down平静下来，镇定下来；stand
up站立；roll
over翻转。
5．A．injured
B．stolen
C．lost
D．rescued
解析：上文语境题。根据上文的but,
frightened,
it
had
run
off可知，那条狗跑掉了，因此Ehlers被那条走失的(lost)狗弄得心烦意乱。
6．A．home
B．past
C．back
D．on
解析：上文语境题。根据本段的第一句“Back
home,
Ehlers
was
troubled
by
that
lost
dog.”可知，Ehlers回家了，但是他被那条走失的狗弄得心烦意乱，所以，四天后，
他叫上他的朋友Greg，开车回去(back)寻找那条狗。
7．A．preparation
B．explanation
C．test
D．search
解析：上下文语境题。结合前面的After
a
long
and
careful和后面的
Greg
saw,
across
a
field,
the
dog
moving_________away可知，经过长时间的仔细搜索(search)，Greg看见了那条狗。preparation准备；explanation解释；test测试。
8．A．cautiously
B．casually
C．skillfully
D．angrily
解析：上下文语境题。根据第一段最后一句中的frightened和下文的nervousness
and
fear可知，那条狗受到惊吓，感到紧张不安和恐惧，因此当Greg看见它的时候，它正小心谨慎地(cautiously)移动。casually随便地；skillfully巧妙地，精巧地；angrily生气地。
9．A．surprise
B．joy
C．hesitation
D．anxiety
解析：上下文语境题。根据空格前面的nervousness
and
fear
were
replaced(紧张不安和恐惧被取代了)以及后面的“It
just
started
licking
Ehlers'
face.(它就开始舔Ehlers的脸)”可知，它的不安和恐惧被快乐(joy)取代。surprise惊讶；hesitation犹豫；anxiety焦虑，忧虑。
10．A．predicted
B．advertised
C．believed
D．recorded
解析：下文语境题。结合后面的as
lost
in
the
local
paper及the
ad可知，一位当地的农场主告诉他们这条狗好像是在当地报纸上登了广告的(advertise)走失的狗。
11．A．house
B．phone
C．street
D．car
解析：下文语境题。根据后面的number
for
a
town
in
southern
Michigan和the
number
of
Jeff
and
Lisa以及生活常识可知，寻狗启事上应该有电话(phone)号码。
12．A．called
B．copied
C．counted
D．remembered
解析：下文语境题。根据后面的the
number
of
Jeff
and
Lisa
to
tell
them
he
had
_________
their
dog可知，Ehlers打电话
(call)告诉Jeff和Lisa，即狗的主人，他发现了他们的狗。
13．A．fed
B．adopted
C．found
D．cured
解析：上文语境题。根据前面的Ehlers_________the
number
of
Jeff
and
Lisa
to
tell
them并结合生活常识可知，Ehlers当然是打电话告诉狗的主人，他发现(find)了他们的狗。
14．A．hunted
B．skied
C．lived
D．worked
解析：下文语境题。根据后面的in
Iowa
before
Thanksgiving
with
his
dog,
Rosie，but
the
gun
shots
had
scared
the
dog
off可知，Jeff带着他的狗Rosie在Iowa打猎(hunt)，但是枪声把狗吓跑了。
15．A．on
purpose
B．on
time
C．in
turn
D．in
vain
解析：上下文语境题。
结合上文Ehlers发现了Rosie和本句“Jeff
searched_________
for
Rosie
in
the
next
four
days.”可知，Jeff找了四天，也没有找到他的狗，即徒劳无功(in
vain)。
on
purpose故意；on
time按时；in
turn依次，轮流。
16．A．cares
B．sees
C．suffers
D．learns
解析：上下文语境题。分析本句中的says
Lisa
of
Ehlers'
rescue可知，这句是狗的女主人Lisa赞美Ehlers的话。她认为有人能够关心(care)一条狗，真是一件好事。
17．A．place
B．trouble
C．waste
D．extreme
解析：上下文语境题。结合上文Ehlers邀请朋友Greg帮助寻找那条狗，并且根据“Ehlers
returned
to
Minnesota,
and
then
drove
100
miles
to
Minneapolis
to
put
Rosie
on
a
flight
to
Michigan.”可知，他还回到Minnesota，又开车100英里到了Minneapolis，在那里让Rosie登上了飞往Michigan的航班，这都说明他为那条狗大费周折(trouble)。place地方；waste浪费；extreme极端，极度。
18．A．service
B．plan
C．effort
D．team
解析：上文语境题。上文提及Ehlers邀请朋友Greg一同寻找那条狗，他还回到Minnesota，又驱车100英里到了Minneapolis，在那里让Rosie登上了飞往Michigan的航班，这都说明Ehlers为了Rosie做出了很多努力(effort)。
19．A．equal
B．allergic
C．grateful
D．close
解析：上文语境题。Ehlers认为无论是谁丢失了狗，都很可能像他对待自己的狗一样亲近(be
close
to)它。
20．A．suitable
B．proud
C．wise
D．willing
解析：上下文语境题。分析本句“If
it
had
been
my
dog,
I'd
hope
that
somebody
would
be
_________
to
go
that
extra
mile.”可知，Ehlers认为，如果他的狗走丢了，他希望有人愿意(willing)不怕麻烦地去帮助寻找他的狗。be
suitable
to
do
sth.适合做某事；be
proud
to
do
sth.做某事很自豪；be
wise
to
do
sth.做某事是明智的。
一、题型解读
记叙文完形填空可分为叙事和记人两种形式，它们有几个显著的特点：以一般过去时为主，其他时态为辅；大量使用动词；适当出现直接引语。
二、解题技巧
1．抓住文章中心。中心思想是文章的灵魂和统帅，其他的写作要素都紧紧围绕这一中心进行。抓住中心有助于明确做题方向，提高针对性。
名
师
点
津
2．明确叙述角度。通常记叙文有两个大叙述角度：第一人称和第三人称。第一人称就是从“自我参与”的角度进行叙述，考生可从字里行间读出作者对人物、事物或景色的情感态度。第三人称就是从“旁观者”的角度客观地记人、叙事、状物。在做题时考生可采用“角色渗透法”，即假设自己就是文中的角色会有什么感受、做出怎样的选择等，这样有助于走进作者的思维，深入理解文章的含义。
3．理清写作顺序。根据写作的需要作者往往采用顺叙、倒叙或插叙等方法进行叙述。理清这些线索有助于了解事情发展的来龙去脉，从而更迅速、准确地理解文章。
4．明确写作要素。包括事情发生的时间(when)、地点(where)、事件的内容(what)、人物(who)、原因(why)等。弄清了这些要素也就基本上抓住了文章的主体，理解了整篇文章。
5．洞悉写作目的。同学们要知道就事论事绝不是记叙文的最终目的，而最终目的是借助叙事来阐明一个道理，给人以启迪或教益。因此，只有在分析具体情节的基础上认真体会文字背后的东西才能洞悉作者的写作目的，抓住文章的主题。
研典题、技法例析
1．利用文章首句，明确文章主旨大意
完形填空的首句往往不设空，是一个完整的句子。通过细读首句可以判断文章体裁，预测文章大意和主旨，对解题非常关键。
一般来说，记叙文类的文章首句会交代时间、地点、人物和事件，说明文类的文章首句会解释要说明的对象；议论文类的文章首句会提出一个论点。因此，考生可以在仔细阅读了首句后，快速略读全文，确定文章的体裁、主旨和结构。
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)
In
1973,
I
was
teaching
elementary
school.Each
day,
27
kids
41.______“The
Thinking
Laboratory.”
That
was
the
42.______
students
voted
for
after
deciding
that
“Room
104”
was
too
43.______.
Freddy
was
an
average
44.______，
but
not
an
average
person.He
had
the
rare
balance
of
fun
and
compassion(同情)...
典
例
41．A．built
B．entered
C．decorated
D．ran
42．A．name
B．rule
C．brand
D．plan
43．A．small
B．dark
C．strange
D．dull
44．A．scholar
B．student
C．citizen
D．worker
[解题思路]
通过阅读首句，我们可以了解到When
(In
1973)，Who
(I
and
27
kids)，What
(teaching)，Where
(elementary
school)，是记叙文的基本要素，由此可预测该文为记叙文或夹叙夹议文，并可预测本文是讲述一位老师和他学生之间所发生的某件事情。
第41题，根据下一句的Room
104可知，The
Thinking
Laboratory是一个教室，孩子们每天都要进入教室，所以此空填entered。故选_B__。
第42题，“思想实验室”这个名字是学生们投票选出来的。故选_A__。
第43题，从学生们教室改名的过程以及下文出现过的dull可知，学生认为Room
104这个名字太枯燥，无趣(dull)。故选_D__。
第44题，由语境可知，Freddy是作者的一位学生，同时42空后的students也是提示。故选_B__。
2．利用上下文暗示解题
在做完形填空题时要有整体观念，连贯性思维，要把每题空白处的含义与前后句联系起来，进行合乎逻辑的推理。所谓上下文，可能是紧挨着的两句话，也可能是开头的题目在尾段查找到信息，还可能是中间或最后的试题从上文查到信息，信息常见的有词、短语、句子，但有时是语境暗示。
(北京卷)
A
huge
snowstorm
hit
on
February
1.A
musher
named
Kaasen
had
to
brave
this
storm.At
one
point,
huge
piles
of
snow
blocked
his51.______.He
had
to
leave
the
trail
(雪橇痕迹)to
get
around
them.Conditions
were
so
bad
that
it
was
impossible
for
him
to52.______the
trail
again.The
only
hope
was
Balto,
Kaasen's
lead
dog.Balto
put
his
nose
to
the
ground，53.______to
find
the
smell
of
other
dogs
that
had
traveled
on
the
trail.If
Balto
failed,
it
would
mean
disaster
for
Nome...
典
例
51．A．memory　　　　　
B．exit
C．way
D．destination
52．A．find
B．fix
C．pass
D．change
53．A．pretending
B．trying
C．asking
D．learning
[解题思路]
第51题，结合上文的“huge
piles
of
snow
blocked”和下文的“He
had
to
leave...get
around
them.”可判断应选C，表示大堆的雪把他的道路阻断了。故选_C__。
第52题，根据上文的“leave
the
trail”和“get
around
them”可知，这里选A表示“找到”，指环境是如此糟糕以至于再次找到雪橇痕迹对他来说是不可能的。故选_A__。
第53题，根据上文中“put
his
nose
to
the
ground”和下文“to
find
the
smell
of
other
dogs...”可知，此处表示Balto在尝试找到其他狗留下的气味，故这里用try
to
do表示“试图做某事”。故选_B__。
3．利用语义复现解题
复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的语义复现来选择正确的答案。
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
When
most
of
us
get
a
text
message
on
our
cell
phone
from
an
unknown
person，we
usually
say
“sorry，wrong
number！”
and
move
on.But
when
Dennis
Williams
42.______
a
text
that
clearly
wasn't
intended
for
him，he
did
something
special.
◆A．received
B．translated
C．copied
D．printed
[解题思路]
本题可以利用语义复现解题。本空是上文“get”的同义词复现，故选_A__。
典例1
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
While
high
school
does
not
generally
encourage
students
to
explore
new
aspects
of
life,
college
sets
the
stage
for
that
exploration.I
myself
went
through
this
41.______
process
and
found
something
that
has
changed
my
experience
at
college
for
the
better:
I
discovered
ASL—American
Sign
Language(美式手语)．
◆A．searching
B．planning
C．natural
D．formal
[解题思路]
本题可以利用语义复现解题。本空是上文“explore”的近义词复现，故选_A__。
典例2
4．利用行文逻辑解题
逻辑关系语指表示各种逻辑意义的连接成分，主要有：(1)词(包括连词、副词和少数介词)，如and，but，or，because，though，however，yet，therefore，otherwise，despite等。
(2)短语，如in
other
words，in
addition，as
a
result，on
the
contrary，instead
of等。
(3)分词和独立结构，如that
is
to
say，what
is
more，generally
speaking等。在解题时要充分利用这些逻辑关系语，找到与文中某些词、短语有密切关系的选项。
(2018·北京卷)
Mr.Anderson
said：“I
couldn't
believe
that
the
guy
never
took
a
penny.To
think
he
is
sleeping
on
the
streets
tonight
when
he
could
have
stolen
the
money
and
paid
for
a
place
to
stay
in.This
guy
has
nothing
and
27.______
he
didn't
take
the
wallet
for
himself；he
thought
about
others
28.______.It's
unbelievable.It
just
proves
there
are
honest
guys
out
there.”
27．A．rather
B．yet
C．already
D．just
28．A．too
B．though
C．again
D．instead
典例1
[解题思路]
第27题，根据上文内容可知，这个人本可以偷走钱包里的钱，不必再睡在大街上，但是他没有。再根据上一句“This
guy
has
nothing”及后句“he
didn't
take
the
wallet
for
himself”可知，这个人一无所有，但却没有偷走钱包。前后为转折关系，所以答案为_B__。
第28题，根据“he
didn't
take
the
wallet
for
himself；he
thought
about
others”可知，这个人没有为了自己偷走钱包，而是为别人着想，所以答案为D项。instead作为副词意思是“代替，反之，反倒”，用来表示转折，故选_D__。
(2017·江苏卷)
He
swore
to
himself
to
avoid
music,
as
he
hated
getting
to
school
extra
early.
40.________，
one
day,
in
the
music
class
that
was
part
of
his
school's
standard
curriculum,
he
was
playing
idly(随意地)on
the
piano
and
found
it
easy
to
pick
out
tunes.With
a
sinking
feeling,
he
realized
that
he
actually
enjoyed
doing
it.
◆A．Therefore
B．However
C．Thus
D．Moreover
典例2
[解题思路]
根据上一段“He
swore
to
himself
to
avoid
music”可知，他发誓远离音乐，再根据下文“he
realized
that
he
actually
enjoyed
doing
it”可知，无意间他发现自己其实是喜欢音乐的，所以前后应该是转折关系。答案为B项。therefore和thus都用来表示结果，强调逻辑性；moreover用来表示递进，故选_B__。
5．利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题
完形填空中经常会考查一些习惯搭配、固定结构和固定句式，这时考生就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
...，we
had
to
write
a
paper
on
how
we
plan
to
51.________what
we
would
learn
in
class
to
our
future
professions...
◆A．add
B．expose
C．apply
D．compare
[解题思路]
本题可以利用固定搭配解题。apply...to把……运用到……中。故选_C__。
典
例
6．利用生活常识和文化背景解题
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确判断。
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)
Getting
a
little
closer，I
realized
one
kayak
(皮划艇)
was
in
trouble.
“Something's
not
right！”I
took
off
my
T－shirt
and
49.______
into
the
water.I
saw
there
were
two
instructors
on
board
and
a
man
lying
across
the
middle.He
was
shaking
violently.Linking
arms
with
one
of
the
instructors，I
helped
51.______
the
young
man
out
of
the
water.He
was
unconscious
and
as
I
looked
at
his
face，something
occurred
to
me.Those
brown
eyes
were
very
familiar.“What's
his
name？”I
asked
the
instructor.“Ben，”he
replied，and
immediately
I
knew.That
stranger
was
my
son!
典
例
49．A．stared
B．sank
C．dived
D．fell
51．A．lead
B．persuade
C．carry
D．keep
[解题思路]
这两道题可以利用生活常识和文化背景解题。根据生活常识，第49题我注意到一个皮划艇出了意外情况，我自然是脱掉T恤衫，“跳进”水里救人，dive意为“跳水”，故选_C__，第51题作者和一位教练双臂连续，两个人一起应该是将这个不省人事的年轻人“抬”出了水面，用carry表示“抬”。故选__C__。
随堂练、即时巩固
层级练、素能强化第一编　专题三　文体3　(二)
[层级一　真题题组]
A
(2015·安徽卷)
In
our
modern
world，when
something
wears
out，we
throw
it
away
and
buy
a
new
one.The
_1.D__
is
that
countries
around
the
world
have
growing
mountains
of
_2.B__
because
people
are
throwing
out
more
rubbish
than
ever
before.
How
did
we
_3.B__
a
throwaway
society
First
of
all，it
is
now
easier
to
_4.C__
an
object
than
to
spend
time
and
money
to
repair
it._5.A__
modern
manufacturing
(制造业)
and
technology，companies
are
able
to
produce
products
quickly
and
inexpensively.Products
are
plentiful
and
_6.C__.
Another
cause
is
our
_7.A__
of
disposable
(一次性的)
products.As
_8.D__
people，we
are
always
looking
for
_9.A__
to
save
time
and
make
our
lives
panies
_10.C__
thousands
of
different
kinds
of
disposable
products：paper
plates，plastic
cups，and
cameras，to
name
a
few.
Our
appetite
for
new
products
also
_11.D__
to
the
problem.We
are
_12.B__
buying
new
things.Advertisements
persuade
us
that
_13.A__
is
better
and
that
we
will
be
happier
with
the
latest
products.The
result
is
that
we
_14.D__
useful
possessions
to
make
room
for
new
ones.
All
around
the
world，we
can
see
the
_15.D__
of
this
throwaway
lifestyle.Mountains
of
rubbish
just
keep
getting
bigger.To
_16.C__
the
amount
of
rubbish
and
to
protect
the
_17.B__，more
governments
are
requiring
people
to
recycle
materials._18.A__，this
is
not
enough
to
solve
(解决)
our
problem.
Maybe
there
is
another
way
out.We
need
to
repair
our
possessions
_19.D__
throwing
them
away.We
also
need
to
rethink
our
attitudes
about
_20.A__.Repairing
our
possessions
and
changing
our
spending
habits
may
be
the
best
way
to
reduce
the
amount
of
rubbish
and
take
care
of
our
environment.
文章大意：本文是说明文。本文讲述了为什么我们的社会变成了一个垃圾成山、一次性物品充斥的社会，同时指出要保护环境、解决这一问题，除了回收资源以外，人们更应该改变的是消费习惯。
1．A．key　　　　　　　　　　
B．reason
C．project
D．problem
解析：下文语境题。根据第一段末句中的“because
people...than
ever
before”可知这里描述的是一种世界各国正在面临的问题。
2．A．gifts
B．rubbish
C．debt
D．products
解析：下文语境题。根据空格后的原因状语从句“because
people
are
throwing
out
more
rubbish
than
ever
before”可知答案。
3．A．face
B．become
C．observe
D．change
解析：下文语境题。文章第二段、第三段和第四段分析了我们变成一次性物品充斥的社会的原因。由此可知此句是总领性的句子——我们是怎样变成一次性物品充斥的社会的。
4．A．hide
B．control
C．replace
D．withdraw
解析：下文语境题。因为此文谈及的是一次性物品充斥的社会。在一次性物品充斥的社会中，和花时间与金钱修理东西相比，更换一个东西当然要更容易些。hide“隐藏”；control“控制”；replace“取代”；withdraw“提取”。
5．A．Thanks
to
B．As
to
C．Except
for
D．Regardless
of
解析：下文语境题。由于现代制造业和技术，公司可以更快地、更加低成本地生产东西。
6．A．safe
B．funny
C．cheap
D．powerful
解析：上文语境题。由上一句中的“produce
products
quickly
and
inexpensively”可知。
7．A．love
B．lack
C．prevention
D．division
解析：下文语境题。由第三段可知，人们喜爱一次性产品是因为它可以节约时间，使人们的生活更轻松。这里表明人们对一次性产品的喜爱是另外一个原因。
8．A．sensitive
B．kind
C．brave
D．busy
解析：语义逻辑题。为什么要节约时间？是因为人们比较忙。
9．A．ways
B．places
C．jobs
D．friends
解析：语义逻辑题。忙碌的我们总是寻找节省时间的方法。
10．A．donate
B．receive
C．produce
D．preserve
解析：语义逻辑题。公司生产许多不同种类的一次性产品。根据前句的语境可知此处表示生产一次性产品。
11．A．adapts
B．returns
C．responds
D．contributes
解析：下文语境题。由本段内容可知，我们对新产品的强烈欲望也会引起这个问题。adapt
to“适应”；return
to“返回”；respond
to“对……作出反应”；contribute
to“有助于……”。
12．A．tired
of
B．addicted
to
C．worried
about
D．ashamed
for
解析：上文语境题。根据前句“我们对新产品的欲望也会引起这个问题”，以及后句“we
will
be
happier
with
the
latest
products”推理可知。
13．A．newer
B．stronger
C．higher
D．larger
解析：下文语境题。根据空后的“we
will
be
happier
with
the
latest
products”可知此处表示“越新越好”。
14．A．pick
up
B．pay
for
C．hold
onto
D．throw
away
解析：固定搭配题。make
room
for
new
ones“为新东西腾出空间”，那么如何为新东西腾出空间呢？
15．A．advantages
B．purposes
C．functions
D．consequences
解析：下文语境题。根据后句“Mountains
of
rubbish
just
keep
getting
bigger”可知此处指的是“这种抛弃型的生活方式造成的后果”。
16．A．show
B．record
C．decrease
D．measure
解析：下文语境题。根据后句中的“more
governments
are
requiring
people
to
recycle
materials”和文章最后一句中的“...to
reduce
the
amount
of
rubbish
and
take
care
of
our
environment”可知。
17．A．technology
B．environment
C．consumers
D．brands
解析：参见上题解析。
18．A．However
B．Otherwise
C．Therefore
D．Meanwhile
解析：下文语境题。根据下一段内容以及空格后的“this
is
not
enough
to
solve
(解决)
our
problem”推理可知空格前后应为转折关系。
19．A．by
B．in
favour
of
C．after
D．instead
of
解析：语义逻辑题。维修东西和扔掉它们是对立的概念，因此可知答案。
20．A．spending
B．collecting
C．repairing
D．advertising
解析：上文逻辑题。根据前句中的“to
repair
our
possessions
_19__
throwing
them
away”以及后句中的“Repairing
our
possessions
and
changing
our
spending
habits...”可知。
B
(2015·浙江卷)
Since
finishing
my
studies
at
Harvard
and
Oxford，I've
watched
one
friend
after
another
land
high－ranking，high－paying
Wall
Street
jobs.As
executives(高级管理人员)with
banks，consulting
firms，established
law
firms，and
major
corporations，many
are
now
_1.D__
on
their
way
to
impressive
careers.By
society's
_2.B__，they
seem
to
have
it
made.
On
the
surface，these
people
seem
to
be
very
lucky
in
life.As
they
left
student
life
behind，many
had
a
_3.A__
drink
at
their
cheap
but
friendly
local
bar，shook
hands
with
longtime
roommates，and
_4.B__
out
of
small
apartments
into
high
buildings.They
made
reservations
at
restaurants
where
the
cost
of
a
bottle
of
wine
_5.C__
a
college
year's
monthly
rent.They
replaced
their
beloved
old
cars
with
expensive
new
sports
cars.
The
thing
is,
a
number
of
them
have
_6.C__
that
despite
their
success，they
aren't
happy.Some
_7.A__
of
unfriendly
co－workers
and
feel
sad
for
eight－hour
workweeks
devoted
to
tasks
they
_8.B__.Some
do
not
respect
the
companies
they
work
for
and
talk
of
feeling
tired
and
_9.D__.However，instead
of
devoting
themselves
to
their
work，they
find
themselves
working
to
support
the
_10.C__
to
which
they
have
so
quickly
become
_11.A__.
People
often
speak
of
trying
a
more
satisfying
path，and
_12.A__
in
the
end
the
idea
of
leaving
their
jobs
to
work
for
something
they
_13.D__
or
finding
a
position
that
would
give
them
more
time
with
their
families
almost
always
leads
them
to
the
same
conclusion：it's
_14.C__.They
have
loans，bills，a
mortgage(抵押贷款)to
_15.D__，retirement
to
save
for.They
recognize
there's
something
_16.A__
in
their
lives，but
it's
_17.B__
to
step
off
the
track.
In
a
society
that
tends
to
_18.A__
everything
in
terms
of
dollars
and
cents，we
learn
from
a
young
age
to
consider
the
costs
of
our
_19.D__
in
financial
terms.But
what
about
the
personal
and
social
costs
_20.B__
in
pursuing
money
over
meaning？These
are
exactly
the
kinds
of
costs
many
of
us
tend
to
ignore—and
the
very
ones
we
need
to
consider
most.
文章大意：本文讲述了金钱不能代表一切，享受高薪的人并不一定幸福。
1．A．much
B．never
C．seldom
D．well
解析：副词词义辨析。根据上文
I've
watched
one
friend
after
another
land
high－ranking,
high－paying
Wall
Street
jobs.可知我的朋友都有了很好的工作。故这里意为“他们作为银行、顾问公司等的高级管理人员，在令人钦佩的职业生涯中走得很顺利(well)”。be
well
on
one's
way
意为“在……的路上进展顺利”。much
“很多”，never“从不”，seldom“很少”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为D。
2．A．policies
B．standards
C．experiments
D．regulations
解析：名词辨析。由上文可知“我”的朋友们在很多领域担任要职，有很好的工作。故这里意为“从社会的标准(standards)看来，他们似乎很成功”。policy“政策”，experiment“实验”，regulation“规则，规章”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为B。
3．A．last
B．least
C．second
D．best
解析：考查语境理解。根据前文
As
they
left
student
life
behind
和后面的
shook
hands
with
longtime
roommates
可知这里在描述当他们离开学生生活时候的场景，即他们会在当地的热情待客的廉价酒吧喝最后的(last)一杯酒。least“最少的”，second“第二的”，best“最好的”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为A。
4．A．cycled
B．moved
C．slid
D．looked
解析：动词词义辨析。由上文
As
they
left
student
life
behind
可知这里在讲述他们离开学生生活的情景，故这里意为“他们从小公寓搬(moved)出，住到高楼大厦里”。cycle“循环”，slide“滑”，look“看”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为B。
5．A．shared
B．paid
C．equaled
D．collected
解析：考查语境和动词词义辨析。根据后文
They
replaced
their
beloved
old
cars
with
expensive
new
sports
cars.可知这里在对比离开校园前后的生活。这里意为“他们会预订酒店，在那里一瓶酒的价格和大学时期一个月的租金相等(equaled)”。share
“分享”，pay
“支付”，collect
“收集”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为C。
6．A．advertised
B．witnessed
C．admitted
D．demanded
解析：动词词义辨析。根据前文
On
the
surface,
these
people
seem
to
be
very
lucky
in
life.可知这些人在表面上看起来很幸运。根据本段内容可知这里是在转折。本句意为“问题是，他们中的许多人都承认(admitted)尽管他们成功，但他们并不开心”。advertise“通知”，witness“目击”，demand“要求”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为C。
7．A．complain
B．dream
C．hear
D．approve
解析：动词词义辨析。根据前文
they
aren't
happy
可知本段内容在说他们不开心的事情。故这里意为“一些人抱怨(complain)同事的不友好”。dream“梦想”，hear“听到，听说”，approve“证明”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为A。
8．A．distribute
B．hate
C．applaud
D．neglect
解析：动词词义辨析。根据前文
they
aren't
happy
和
feel
sad
可知本段内容在说他们不开心的事情。故这里意为“一些人会对八小时的工作时间都致力于他们讨厌(hate)的任务感到难过”。distribute“分配”，applaud“赞同”，neglect“忽视”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为B。
9．A．calm
B．guilty
C．warm
D．empty
解析：形容词词义辨析。根据前文
they
aren't
happy
可知本段内容在说他们不开心的事情。and
连接两个并列的成分，故划线处应和
tired
意思相近。本句意为“一些人不尊重他们为之工作的公司，感到累和空虚(empty)”。calm
“冷静的”，warm
“温暖的”，不符合文意。guilty
“愧疚的”，这里不能推断出他们感到愧疚，只是对自己的工作不满意，故不正确。故正确答案为D。
10．A．family
B．government
C．lifestyle
D．project
解析：名词词义辨析。结合前文可知，这些华尔街的工作者们会花高价去餐厅，买很贵的车，他们并不是因为热爱而投入到工作中，而是用工作来支撑这种生活方式(lifestyle)。government
“政府”，project
“项目”，不符合文意。family“家庭”，本文并没有提到工作对家人的意义，“来支撑家庭”不符合文意。故正确答案为C。
11．A．accustomed
B．appointed
C．unique
D．available
解析：考查语境理解。accustomed
“习惯的”，appointed“指定的，约定的”，unique“独特的”，available“有效的，可获得的，可利用的”。结合前文可知，这些华尔街的工作者们并不是因为对工作的热情而工作，而是用工作来支撑一种生活方式，这种方式他们已经习惯(accustomed)了，A项符合文意。故正确答案为A。
12．A．yet
B．also
C．instead
D．rather
解析：副词词义辨析。结合空格处前半句“People
often
speak
of
trying
a
more
satisfying
path”可知，很多人想要尝试新的生活方式，而后文中提到“always
leads
them
to
the
same
conclusion...They
have
loans,
bills...”可知，最终他们的期望落空，前后句之间是转折关系，yet
“然而”符合文意。also“也”，instead“相反”，rather“宁可”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为A。
13．A．let
out
B．turn
in
C．give
up
D．believe
in
解析：动词词义辨析。他们尝试更令人满意的途径，也就是他们想要为一些自己坚信(believe
in)的东西而努力，或者换一份能够有更多时间与家人相处的工作。let
out“释放”，turn
in“上交，归还”，give
up“放弃”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为D。
14．A．fundamental
B．practical
C．impossible
D．unforgettable
解析：考查语境理解。结合后一句“They
have
loans,
bills,
a
mortgage”可知，尽管他们想要放弃在华尔街的工作，想要过自己喜欢的生活，但由于贷款账单等等问题，想要换工作的想法最终是不可能的(impossible)。fundamental“根本性的”，practical
“实用的”，unforgettable“难忘的”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为C。
15．A．take
off
B．drop
off
C．put
off
D．pay
off
解析：动词词组辨析。take
off
“起飞，脱下”；drop
off“减少，睡着”；put
off“延期”；pay
off“偿还，付清”。结合空格前的“loans,
bills,
a
mortgage”可知，此处意为“他们还有贷款和账单要(偿还)”。故正确答案为D。
16．A．missing
B．inspiring
C．sinking
D．shining
解析：考查语境理解。结合前文所述，这些华尔街的工作者们虽然过着外表光鲜的生活，然而他们却不开心，有些人想要“leaving
their
jobs
to
work
for
something
they
believe
in
or
finding
a
position
that
would
give
them
more
time
with
their
families”，却最终失败。因此可推知，此处意为“他们意识到在他们的生命中，有些东西缺失了(missing)”。inspiring“鼓舞人心的”，sinking“下沉的”，shining“闪烁的”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为A。
17．A．harmful
B．hard
C．useful
D．normal
解析：形容词词义辨析。此处意为“虽然他们发现自己的生命中缺少了某些东西，但是想要脱离现状去追求却很难(hard)”。harmful“有害的”；useful“有用的”；normal“正常的”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为B。
18．A．measure
B．suffer
C．digest
D．deliver
解析：考查语境理解。结合后半句中的“in
terms
of
dollars
and
cents”
即“以美元和美分计算”，可推知此处意为“在一个倾向于用美元和美分来衡量(measure)一切的社会中”。suffer“遭受，忍受”；digest“消化”；deliver“配送”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为A。
19．A．disasters
B．motivations
C．campaigns
D．decisions
解析：名词词义辨析。结合这一段第一句
“In
a
...everything
in
terms
of
dollars
and
cents”
可知，此处意为“我们很小的时候就学会了以金钱来衡量我们的决定(decisions)所带来的得失”。disaster
“灾难”；motivation“动力”；campaign
“运动，战役”；均不符合文意。故正确答案为D。
20．A．assessed
B．involved
C．covered
D．reduced
解析：动词词义辨析。前一句提到“我们很小的时候就学会了以金钱来衡量我们所做出的决定会带来的得失”，由后句开始的
But
一词可知前后两句形成对照关系。故可推知，后句意为“那么，为了追逐金钱超过追求人生意义本身而涉及的(involved)个人代价和社会代价是怎样的呢？”assess“评估”；cover“覆盖，涵盖”；reduce“减少”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为B。
C
(广东卷)
How
long
can
human
beings
live？Most
scientists
who
study
old
age
think
that
the
human
body
is_1.A__to
live
no
longer
than
120
years.However,110
years
is
probably
the
longest
that
anyone
could
hope
to
live—if
he
or
she
is
_2.D__healthy
and
lucky.Some
scientists
even
say
we
can
live
as
long
as
130
years！Yet，our
cells
simply
cannot
continue
to
reproduce_3.C__.They
wear
out，and
as
a
result，we
get
old
and
_4.A__die.
Even
though
we
can't
live
forever，we
are
living
a
_5.B__life
than
ever
before.In
1900，the
average
American
life
span(寿命)was
only
47
years，but
today
it
is
75
years!
When
does
old
age
begin
then？Sixty－five
may
be
out－of－date
as
the
_6.D__
line
between
middle
age
and
old
age.After
all，many
older
people
don't
begin
to
experience
physical
and
mental
_7.C__until
after
age
75.
People
are
living
longer
because
more
people
_8.A__childhood.Before
modern
medicine
changed
the
laws
of
nature，many
children
died
of
common
childhood
_9.D__.Now
that
the
chances
of
dying
_10.B__are
much
lower，the
chances
of
living
long
are
much
higher
due
to
better
diets
and
health
care.
On
the
whole，our
population
is
getting
older.The
_11.A__in
our
population
will
have
lasting
effects
on
our
social
development
and
our
way
of
life.Some
people
fear
such
changes
will
be
for
the
worse，while
some
see
_12.B__，not
disaster.Today，many
men
and
women
in
their
“golden
years”are
healthy，still
active，and
young
in_13.A__if
not
in
age.
As
our
society
grows
old，we
need
the
_14.C__
of
our
older
citizens.With
long
lives
ahead
of
them，they
need
to
_15.D__active
and
be
devoted.
文章大意：这篇短文讲述的是人的寿命是有限的，但是随着社会的发展，生活水平的提高，人们的寿命比以前更长了，而且老龄化已经成为社会的一个趋势。我们的社会需要这些老年人继续保持积极的心态，为社会做贡献。
1．A．designed　　　　　　
B．selected
C．improved
D．discovered
解析：考查动词及语境的理解。句意：大多数研究年龄的科学家们认为人体被设计的不会活过120岁。designed设计；selected选择，挑选；improved提高，改善；discovered发现。根据句意可知，科学家们认为人体的结构设计决定了人类最多不会活过120岁，故应选A。
2．A．completely
B．generally
C．apparently
D．extremely
解析：考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而110岁可能是人们希望能活的最长的寿命——如果他/她非常健康和幸运。completely完全地；generally一般地；apparently显然地；extremely极其，非常。根据句意可知，如果一个人非常健康而且很幸运，人们希望能活到110
岁。故选D。
3．A．rapidly
B．harmlessly
C．endlessly
D．separately
解析：考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而我们的细胞不会一直无止境地再生。rapidly快速地；harmlessly无害地；endlessly无止境地；separately分离地，分开地。根据文意可知，因为人体的细胞不会无止境地再生，因此人的寿命是有限的。因此应选C。
4．A．eventually
B．hopelessly
C．automatically
D．desperately
解析：考查副词及语境的理解。句意：它们(细胞)慢慢消耗尽，结果我们就会变老最终死亡。eventually最终；hopelessly没有希望地；automatically自动地；desperately绝望地，自暴自弃地。根据句意可知选A。
5．A．busier
B．longer
C．richer
D．happier
解析：考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：尽管我们不能永久地活着，但我们的寿命比以前更长了。busier更忙的；longer更长的；richer更富有的；happier更开心的。根据这一段的内容可知，现在人的寿命比以前更长了。故选B。
6．A．finishing
B．guiding
C．waiting
D．dividing
解析：考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：作为中年和老年的分界线，65岁可能已经过时了。finishing
完成；guiding
指导，指引；waiting
等待；dividing划分。根据文意可知，把65岁当作中年和老年的分界线，这已经不适合现在的形势了。dividing
line分界线，故选D。
7．A．stress
B．damage
C．decline
D．failure
解析：考查名词及语境的理解。句意：毕竟，很多老年人直到75岁之后才开始经历身体和精神的衰弱。stress
压力，压迫；damage
损坏；decline
衰落，衰弱；failure失败。根据句意可知，现在很多老年人是在75岁之后身体和精神才开始衰退的，故选C。
8．A．survive
B．enjoy
C．remember
D．value
解析：考查动词及语境的理解。句意：现在人们活得更长是因为更多的人从童年中幸存下来。survive
幸存；enjoy
喜欢，欣赏；remember
记得；value重视，估价。根据这一段的内容和the
chances
of
living
long
are
much
higher
due
to
better
diets
and
health
care可知，现在的人平均寿命比以前更长的一个原因是人们从童年的疾病中幸存了下来，故选A。
9．A．problems
B．fears
C．worries
D．diseases
解析：考查名词及语境的理解。句意：在现代医学改变了自然的法则之前，很多孩子死于常见的儿童疾病。problems
问题；fears
恐惧，害怕；worries
担心；diseases
疾病。根据句意可知，以前，人们因为很多普遍的儿童疾病而死，导致平均寿命比较短。故选D。
10．A．poor
B．young
C．sick
D．quiet
解析：考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：既然年少夭折的可能性更低了，那么活得更长的机会就更大了，因为有了更好的饮食和医学护理。poor
穷的；young
年轻的；sick
病的；quiet
安静的。根据这一段的意思可知，以前人们在小的时候就因为生病死去了，dying
young就是年少死去。故选B。
11．A．changes
B．recovery
C．safety
D．increases
解析：考查名词及语境的理解。句意：人口结构的改变会对我们社会的发展和我们的生活方式有持续的影响。changes
改变；recovery
恢复；safety
安全；increases
增长，增加。根据下文中Some
people
fear
such
changes
will...可知，我们现在的人口结构改变了，故选A。
12．A．dreams
B．chances
C．strengths
D．choices
解析：考查名词及语境的理解。句意：一些人担心这个改变将会带来一些坏处，然而还有一些人看到的是机会，而不是灾难。dreams
梦想；chances
机会；strengths
优点，长处；choices
选择。根据句意可知，这句话中的while
表示对比，即跟前一种人不一样的看法，故选B。
13．A．mind
B．appearance
C．voice
D．movement
解析：考查名词及语境的理解。句意：现在，很多处在“黄金年龄”的男士和女士，身体都非常健康，活动积极，心态也很年轻。mind
心态；appearance
外表；voice
声音；movement移动。根据句意可知，这里应该是说虽然年龄老了，但是心态依然年轻。故选A。
14．A．protection
B．suggestions
C．contributions
D．permission
解析：考查名词及语境的理解。由结尾处的devoted(献身的)可推测出本题答案。句意：随着我们的社会老龄化，我们需要这些老年公民们的贡献。protection
保护；suggestions
建议；contributions
贡献；permission允许。故选C。
15．A．sound
B．appear
C．turn
D．stay
解析：考查动词及语境的理解。句意：前面还有很长的寿命，他们需要保持积极的心态和奉献的精神。sound
听起来；appear
好像，出现；turn
转，变成；stay保持。根据文意可知，现在人们的寿命更长了，因此老年人也要继续保持积极心态，为我们的社会做贡献。故应选D。
[层级二　模拟题组]
1
(2019·广州市调研)
Why
study
history
People
live
in
the
present.
They
plan
for
the
_1.C__.History,
however,
is
the
study
of
the
past.
Given
all
the
_2.B__
and
pressures
that
come
from
living
in
the
present
and
_3.D__
what
is
yet
to
come,
why
bother
with
what
has
happened
Given
all
the
available
branches
of
knowledge,
why
insist—as
most
_4.C__
systems
do—on
history
And
why
urge
many
students
to
study
even
more
history
than
they
are
_5.A__
to
Any
subject
of
study
needs_6.C__：supporters
must
explain
why
it
is
worth
_7.B__.
Like
most
widely
accepted
_8.A__，history
attracts
people
who
simply
_9.D__
the
information
and
modes
of
thought
involved.
But
for
people
who
are
less
interested
in
the
subject
and
more
_10.A__
about
why
they
should
bother
with
it,
a
clearer
explanation
of
its
purpose
is
required.
_11.B__
do
not
perform
heart
transplants,
improve
highway
design,
or
arrest
criminals.In
a
society
that
quite
correctly
expects
education
to
serve
_12.D__
purposes,
history's
functions
can
seem
more
difficult
to
_13.A__
than
those
of
engineering
or
medicine.
History
is
in
fact
very
useful,
actually
_14.D__，
but
the
products
of
historical
study
are
often
less
_15.C__
and
immediate
than
those
of
other
subjects.
History
helps
us
understand
people,
societies
and
how
they
__16.B__.
For
example,
how
can
we
_17.C__
past
wars
and
future
threats
without
using
historical
materials
Unfortunately,
major
aspects
of
the
society's
operation
cannot
be
set
up
as
precise
experiments._18.A__，
history
must
serve,
however
imperfectly，as
our
_19.B__，
helping
us
understand
who
we
are
and
why
we
do
what
we
do.
This,
fundamentally,
is
why
we
cannot_20.D__history.
文章大意：很多人有这样的疑惑：我们所有的需求和压力都来自活在当下，以及对未来的预期，为什么还要在已经发生的事情上花费时间呢？虽然历史研究的成果往往不如其他学科那样立竿见影，但是，历史学科实际上是非常重要的，它能帮助我们了解我们是谁和我们为什么要做我们所做的事情。
1．A．process
B．result
C．future
D．environment
解析：根据该句中的“plan
for”，并结合常识可知，人们为未来做计划。C项意为“未来”，故C项正确。A项意为“过程”；B项意为“结果”；D项意为“环境”。
2．A．causes
B．demands
C．choices
D．orders
解析：根据该句中的“and
pressures
that
come
from
living
in
the
present”并结合选项可知，空处与名词“pressures”对应，表示“来自活在当下的需求和压力”。B项意为“需求”，故B项正确；A项意为“原因”，C项意为“选择”，D项意为“次序”，都与语境不符。
3．A．avoiding
B．fearing
C．celebrating
D．anticipating
解析：根据上文的“They
plan
for
the
__1__”以及该句中的“__3__what
is
yet
to
come”，并结合语境，此处是说对未来的预期。D项意为“预期”，故D项正确。A项意为“避免”，B项意为“恐惧”，C项意为“庆祝”，都与语境不符。
4．A．financial
B．social
C．educational
D．political
解析：根据下文中的“urge
many
students
to
study
even
more
history”可知，我们总是敦促学生学习更多历史知识；结合该句中的“Given
all
the
available
branches
of
knowledge，why
insist—as
most
__4__
systems
do—on
history？”可知，考虑到所有可用的知识分支，为什么大多数教育体系坚持教授历史？C项意为“教育的”，符合语境。A项意为“财政的”，B项意为“社会的”，D项意为“政治的”，都与语境不符。
5．A．required
B．invited
C．forced
D．permitted
解析：根据该句“And
why
urge
many
students
to
study
even
more
history
than
they
are
__5__
to？”，并结合常识可知，此处表示为什么要敦促许多学生学习比他们被要求学习的还要多的历史呢？A项意为“要求”，故A项正确。B项意为“邀请”，C项意为“强迫”，D项意为“允许”，都与语境不符。
6．A．direction
B．exploration
C．justification
D．revolution
解析：根据该句“Any
subject
of
study
needs
__6__：supporters
must
explain
why
it
is
worth
__7__”，并结合常识可知，任何学科的研究都需要正当的理由(justification)，支持者必须解释其值得关注(attention)的原因，故C项正确。A项意为“方向”，B项意为“探索”，D项意为“改革”，都与语境不符。
7．A．assessment
B．attention
C．expectation
D．mention
解析：参见上题解析。B项意为“关注”，故B项正确。A项意为“评估”；C项意为“期望”；D项意为“提及”。
8．A．subjects
B．concepts
C．topics
D．concerns
解析：根据该段第一句中的“subject”，并结合语境可知，该处指“大多数被普遍接受的学科”。A项意为“学科”，故A项正确。B项意为“概念”，C项意为“话题”，D项意为“忧虑”，都与语境不符。
9．A．provide
B．receive
C．share
D．like
解析：根据该句中的“history
attracts
people
who
simply
__9__
the
information
and
modes
of
thought
involved”，并结合语境可知，历史吸引了喜欢这些信息以及相关的思维方式的人。D项意为“喜欢”，故D项正确。A项意为“提供”，B项意为“接受”，C项意为“分享”，都与语境不符。
10．A．doubtful
B．worried
C．thoughtful
D．certain
解析：根据该句中的“why
they
should
bother
with
it”可知，此处表示对为什么要花费时间学历史有疑问；结合全句内容可知，对于那些对这门学科不太感兴趣，而且对为什么要花费时间学这门学科有疑问的人来说，需要更清楚地解释学这门学科的目的。A项意为“怀疑”，故A项正确。B项意为“担心的”，C项意为“思考的，深思的”，D项意为“肯定”，都与语境不符。
11．A．Supporters
B．Historians
C．Audiences
D．Teachers
解析：根据上文可知，历史学科吸引了喜欢历史信息和相关思维方式的人：而对于对历史学科不太感兴趣的人来说，则需要更清楚地向他们解释学习这一学科的目的；并结合语境可知，该处说明历史学家的特点，并引出对上述问题的解释。B项意为“历史学家”，故B项正确。A项意为“支持者”；C项意为“观众”；D项意为“老师”。
12．A．public
B．multiple
C．different
D．useful
解析：根据该句中的“In
a
society
that
quite
correctly
expects
education
to
serve
__2__
purposes”，并结合该段尾句中的“History
is
in
fact
very
useful”和常识可知，社会期望教育有作用。D项意为“有用的”，故D项正确。A项意为“公共的”，B项意为“多种多样的”，C项意为“不同的”，都与语境不符。
13．A．define
B．expect
C．satisfy
D．ignore
解析：根据该句中的“history's
functions
can
seem
more
difficult
to
__3__than
those
of
engineering
or
medicine”，并结合常识可知，历史学科的功能似乎比工程或医学学科的功能更难定义。A项意为“给下定义”，故A项正确。B项意为“预期”，C项意为“满足”，D项意为“忽视”，都与语境不符。
14．A．optional
B．attractive
C．accessible
D．essential
解析：根据该句中的“History
is
in
fact
very
useful，actually
__4__”，并结合语境可推知，空处和“very
useful”对应，说明历史事实上是非常有用的，实际上是非常重要的。D项意为“极其重要的”，故D项正确。A项意为“可选择的”，B项意为“吸引人的”，C项意为“可进入的”，都与语境不符。
15．A．valuable
B．interesting
C．instructive
D．accurate
解析：根据该句中的“but
the
products
of
historical
study
are
often
less
__15__
and
immediate
than
those
of
other
subjects”可知，历史研究的成果往往不如其他学科的成果更有教育意义和即时的效果。C项意为“有教育意义的”，故C项正确。A项意为“有价值的”，B项意为“有趣的”，D项意为“精确的”，都与语境不符。
16．A．imagine
B．behave
C．fight
D．fade
解析：根据下文所举的例子，并结合该句“History
helps
us
understand
people，societies
and
how
they
__16__”可知，历史帮助我们了解人、社会以及他们是如何表现的。B项意为“表现”，故B项正确。A项意为“想象”，C项意为“战斗”，D项意为“褪色”，都与语境不符。
17．A．prevent
B．remember
C．evaluate
D．declare
解析：根据下文“Unfortunately，major
aspects
of
the
society's
operation
cannot
be
set
up
as
precise
experiments”；并结合该句中的“how
can
we
__17__past
wars
and
future
threats
without
using
historical
materials”可推知，如果不使用历史资料，我们如何评估过去的战争和未来的威胁呢？C项意为“评估”，故C项正确。A项意为“阻止”；B项意为“记得”；D项意为“宣告”。
18．A．Consequently
B．Alternatively
C．Fortunately
D．Admittedly
解析：根据上文可知，社会运转的重要方面不能作为准确的实验来设置，并结合该句可知，因此，历史必须作为我们的实验室(laboratory)，帮助我们了解我们是谁和我们为什么要做我们所做的事情。A项意为“因此”，故A项正确。B项意为“或者”，C项意为“幸运地”，D项意为“不可否认地”，都与语境不符。
19．A．library
B．laboratory
C．clinic
D．museum
解析：参见上题解析。B项意为“实验室”，故B项正确。A项意为“图书馆”，C项意为“诊所”，D项意为“博物馆”，都与语境不符。
20．A．make
up
for
B．give
in
to
C．get
close
to
D．stay
away
from
解析：根据上文可知，历史帮助我们了解我们是谁和我们为什么要做我们所做的事情；据此可知，此处是说我们不能远离历史。D项意为“远离”，故D项正确。A项意为“弥补”，B项意为“屈服”，C项意为“接近”，都与语境不符。
2
(2019·广州市二模)
Always
wished
the
Earth
had
a
second
moon
Then
you
will
be
_1.A__
to
hear
that
the
Chengdu
Aerospace
Science
and
Technology
Microelectronics
System
Research
Institute
has
plans
to
launch
multiple
mini
moons
over
the
next
few
years.
Similar
to
the
_2.C__
satellite,
the
light
of
the
artificial
orb
(球体)
will
be
obtained
from
the
sun
and
_3.B__
to
Earth
by
its
mirror－like
coating.
According
to
its
designers,
the
_4.D__
of
light
being
reflected
can
be
controlled
from
Earth
and
the
light
can
even
be
_5.B__，if
necessary.
While
the
multiple
mini
moons
will
certainly
appear
picturesque，their
main
purpose
is
to
conserve
_6.A__.The
Chengdu
Aerospace
experts
claim
the
mini
moon's
dusk－like
glow
will
allow
the
government
to
eventually
_7.D__
costly
streetlights
in
cities.
They
estimate
that
using
the
artificial
satellite
to
light
up
Chengdu's
streets
at
night
will
_8.C__
the
city
1.2
billion
yuan
annually.
Since
the
orb's
location
can
be
_9.B__
moved,
it
could
also
be
used
to
shine
light
over
disaster－struck
areas
that
have
lost
_10.D__.
Once
the
first
mini
moon
is
_11.C__
successfully，the
experts
plan
to
launch
three
_12.A__
ones.Together，the
satellites,
which
will
take
turns
depending
on
their
_13.C__
in
relation
to
the
sun，are
expected
to
_14.D__
an
area
of
3,600
to
6,400
square
kilometers.While
the
orbs
will
be
_15.B__
through
a
telescope
from
anywhere
on
the
globe,
their
real
beauty
will
only
be
seen
by
visiting
Chengdu.Officials，_16.A__，
believe
they
will
be
a
huge
tourist
attraction,
helping
improve
the
city's
__17.D__.
As
is
often
the
case
with
major
_18.B__，
some
experts
are
concerned.
They
_19.C__
that
the
moons
will
impact
on
the
sleep
patterns
of
humans
and
animals.
However,
officials
believe
the
satellites
will
cause
little，if
any，_20.A__.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。成都航天科工微电子系统研究院计划在未来几年发送人造月亮用以反射太阳光线，利用反射光可以照亮成都夜晚的街道，从而节能省钱。
1．A．pleased
B．surprised
C．alarmed
D．relieved
解析：根据语境可知，如果你一直盼望有第二个月亮的话，那听到在未来几年会发射多颗微型“月亮”，你会感到高兴(pleased)。
2．A．traditional
B．unique
C．natural
D．famous
解析：根据该句中的“the
light
of
the
artificial
orb(球体)
will
be
obtained
from
the
sun”并结合常识可知，从太阳中获取光是自然卫星的普遍特点，而这种人造球体和自然卫星类似。C项意为“自然的，天然的”，故C项正确。
3．A．carried
B．reflected
C．introduced
D．transformed
解析：根据该句中的“by
its
mirror－like
coating”，并结合物理常识可推知，该处指太阳的光线被反射到地球，B项意为“反射”，故B项正确。D项意为“使变形”。
4．A．colour
B．speed
C．source
D．amount
解析：根据该句中的“can
be
controlled
from
Earth”并结合语境可知，可以从地球上控制光的量；D项意为“数量”，故D项正确。
5．A．sent
out
B．switched
off
C．given
away
D．turned
down
解析：根据语境可知，在地球上可以控制光的量，如果有必要，甚至可以关闭光源。B项意为“关掉”，故B项正确。A项意为“发出，分发”；C项意为“泄露，赠送”；D项意为“拒绝，调低”。
6．A．resources
B．animals
C．farmland
D．space
解析：根据下文中的“They
estimate
that
using
the
artificial
satellite
to
light
up
Chengdu's
streets
at
night”可知，利用这种人造卫星可以照亮成都夜晚的街道；结合该句可知，制造这种人造卫星旨在节约资源。A项意为“资源”，故A项正确。C项意为“农田”。
7．A．rebuild
B．expand
C．improve
D．remove
解析：根据下文利用这种人造卫星可以照亮成都夜晚的街道可知，专家称这种光将使政府最终能够移除城市中昂贵的路灯。D项意为“移走，去掉”，故D项正确。
8．A．bring
B．leave
C．save
D．cost
解析：根据语境可知，他们估计，在夜间利用人造卫星照亮成都的街道，每年可以节省12亿元人民币。C项意为“节省”，故C项正确。
9．A．hardly
B．easily
C．frequently
D．normally
解析：根据上文可以在地球上控制光的量并结合该句可知，由于人造月亮的位置可以轻易移动，故它也可以用来照亮受灾地区。B项意为“轻易地”，故B项正确。
10．A．money
B．home
C．contact
D．power
解析：根据该句中的“to
shine
light
over
disaster－struck
areas”可推知，受灾地区电源断了，可以利用人造月亮照亮受灾地区。D项意为“电，电力”，故D项正确。
11．A．travelling
B．appearing
C．working
D．signaling
解析：根据语境可知，一旦人造月亮成功运作，专家们将计划发射另外三个。C项意为“运转，运行”，故C项正确。D项意为“发信号”。
12．A．additional
B．special
C．bright
D．colourful
解析：参见上题解析。A项意为“另外的”，故A项正确。
13．A．size
B．importance
C．position
D．function
解析：根据该句中的“in
relation
to
the
sun”并结合常识可知，这些卫星将根据它们相对于太阳的位置反射光线，预计照亮3
600至6
400平方公里的区域。C项意为“位置”，故C项正确。
14．A．pick
up
B．take
up
C．hold
up
D．light
up
解析：参见上题解析。D项意为“照亮”，故D项正确。A项意为“拿起，学会”，B项意为“占据，开始从事”；C项意为“举起，支撑”。
15．A．reliable
B．visible
C．available
D．testable
解析：根据该句中的“through
a
telescope”可知，虽然地球上任何地方都可以通过望远镜看到这些球体，但它们真正的美只能通过参观成都才能看到。visible意为“可见的”，符合语境，故B项正确。A项意为“可依靠的”；C项意为“可用的”；D项意为“可检验的”。
16．A．therefore
B．however
C．otherwise
D．moreover
解析：根据上文可知，只有通过参观成都才能看到球体的美；结合该句中的“they
will
be
a
huge
tourist
attraction”可知，它们将成为游览的一大吸引点；根据句意可知，前后句有逻辑上的因果关系，A项意为“因此”，故A项正确。
17．A．population
B．education
C．technology
D．economy
解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，官员们相信，这些人造月亮将成为一个巨大的旅游吸引点，帮助促进城市的经济发展。D项意为“经济”，故D项正确。
18．A．drawbacks
B．breakthroughs
C．evolution
D．conflict
解析：根据上文可知，人们将发射人造月亮用来反射太阳的光；结合该句可知，重大的突破常常会引起专家的担心。B项意为“突破”，故B项正确。A项意为“缺点”；C项意为“进化，演变，发展”；D项意为“冲突”。
19．A．doubt
B．conclude
C．worry
D．agree
解析：根据前一句中的“concerned”并结合该句可知，他们担心这些人造月亮会影响人类和动物的睡眠模式。
20．A．disturbance
B．destruction
C．satisfaction
D．discussion
解析：参见上题解析并结合该句可知，然而官员们认为，这种人造月亮不会给人们带来干扰或带来很少干扰(disturbance)。
3
(2018·陕西省教学质检二)
As
farm
kids,
my
siblings(兄弟姐妹)
and
I
were
expected
to
work
hard
and
do
our
jobs.We
knew
no
better,
so
didn't
really
_1.A__
it—at
least
until
we
were
young
teenagers
and
wondered
why
our
friends
had
so
much
more
_2.C__
time
than
us.
That
ability
to
depend
on
myself
has
_3.D__
me
very
well
through
life.The
independence
and
self－reliance
not
only
_4.B__
my
physical
abilities,
it
also
came
to
shape
me
_5.A__，too.However
it
can
at
times,
also
be
a
huge
_6.C__
to
bear.
As
my
physical
strength
has
been
affected
by
rheumatoid
arthritis,
a(an)
_7.B__
that
causes
pain
and
swelling
in
one
or
more
joints
of
the
body,
there
have
been
many
lessons
for
me
in
learning
how
to
receive
help.My
health
is
now
much
improved
compared
to
_8.D__
it
was
a
couple
of
years
ago,
or
even
last
year.Daily
challenges
do
still
exist,
but
I
have
learned
that
it
is
OK
to
_9.C__
help.
The
joy
that
others
receive
in
lending
_10.D__
has
made
me
realize
that
it
is
almost
selfish
not
to
receive
help!
_11.A__
is
no
need
to
deny
others
the
pleasure
of
helping.If
we
are
_12.B__
need,
it
is
_13.B__
OK
to
ask
for
assistance.Physical
and
emotional
_14.A__
are
strengths,
certainly,
when
used
well.But
the
_15.C__
of
independence
is
unhealthy,
unbalanced
and
unnecessary.
_16.C__
being
a
mum,
too,
I've
been
given
lots
of
lessons
on
the
need
to
connect,
and
to
acknowledge
that
I
am
_17.B__
and
need
others
to
rely
on.There
are
certainly
times
like
this
in
all
of
our
lives,
whether
a
parent
or
not.Sometimes
life
does
just
get
too
much.
If
we
can
_18.D__
our
need
for
independence,
though,
and
grow
into
more
interdependence,
ease
and
space
do
grow.The
_19.A__
we
are
to
reach
out
and
be
open,
the
easier
life
is.It
not
only
gives
us
emotional
_20.C__，
but
it
brings
joy
and
stronger
connections
in
our
relationships.
文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。自立自强、不依靠他人的确非常重要，但是当我们遇到困难时，也没有必要硬撑。向他人求助不仅可以让我们的生活更加容易，也为他人带来了帮助别人的乐趣。
1．A．question
　　　　　
B．support
C．remember
D．forget
解析：考查动词辨析。根据本句中的“why”可知，此处指我们并没有质疑。question意为“询问，质疑”，符合语境。support意为“支持”；remember意为“记住”；forget意为“忘记”，均与语境不符。故答案选A。
2．A．happy
B．hard
C．free
D．busy
解析：考查形容词辨析。根据第一句“As
farm
kids,
my
siblings(兄弟姐妹)and
I
were
expected
to
work
hard
and
do
our
jobs.”可知，我们兄弟姐妹几人被期望努力学习和工作。因此我们的疑问是为何我们的朋友比我们有更多空闲的时间。free意为“空闲的”，符合语境。happy意为“高兴的”；hard意为“难的”；busy意为“忙的”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。
3．A．refused
B．received
C．found
D．served
解析：考查动词辨析。根据下文内容可知，自立自强对“我”的人生很有帮助。serve意为“对……有用”，符合语境。refuse意为“拒绝”；receive意为“收到”；find意为“找到”，均与语境不符。故答案选D。
4．A．astonished
B．affected
C．punished
D．realized
解析：考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指自立自强不仅影响了“我”的体能，还从情感上塑造了我。affect意为“影响”，符合语境。astonish意为“使惊讶”；punish意为“惩罚”；realize意为“实现，意识到”，均与语境不符。故答案选B。
5．A．emotionally
B．logically
C．physically
D．magically
解析：考查副词辨析。由上文中的“physical
abilities”和逻辑连词“not
only...also”可知，此处指还从情感上塑造了“我”。emotionally意为“情感上”，与上文呼应，符合语境。logically意为“逻辑上”；physically意为“身体上”；magically意为“魔法般地”。故答案选A。
6．A．width
B．height
C．weight
D．depth
解析：考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，它(自立自强)有时也是一种要承受的重担。weight意为“重任，重担”，符合语境。width意为“宽度”；height意为“高度”；depth意为“深度”，均与语境不符，故答案选C。
7．A．accident
B．disease
C．disaster
D．argument
解析：考查名词辨析。根据本句中的“that
causes
pain
and
swelling
in
one
or
more
joints
of
the
body”可推知，“rheumatoid
arthritis”是一种疾病。disease意为“疾病”，符合语境。accident意为“事故”；disaster意为“灾难”；argument意为“争论”，均与语境不符。故答案选B。
8．A．that
B．which
C．when
D．what
解析：考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的宾语从句作介词to的宾语；且从句中缺少“was”后的表语，所以应用本身有词义的what来引导此从句。故答案选D。
9．A．give
out
B．hand
out
C．ask
for
D．hope
for
解析：考查动词短语辨析。根据上文的“learning
how
to
receive
help”及语境可知，此处指每天的挑战的确仍然存在，但是“我”已经知道可以寻求帮助。ask
for意为“请求(给予)”，符合语境。give
out意为“分发，用尽”；hand
out意为“分发”；hope
for意为“希望”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。
10．A．a
favor
B．a
chance
C．a
room
D．a
hand
解析：考查固定搭配。根据下文中的“deny
others
the
pleasure
of
helping”可知，人们在帮助他人时得到的快乐已经让“我”意识到不接受帮助是自私的。lend
a
hand为固定搭配，意为“帮助”，符合语境。故答案选D。
11．A．There
B．This
C．It
D．That
解析：考查固定句型。固定句型There
is
no
need
to
do
sth.意为“没有必要做某事”。故答案选A。
12．A．on
B．in
C．at
D．with
解析：考查介词辨析。固定短语in
need意为“处于困境”，与下文的“ask
for
assistance”相呼应，符合语境。故答案选B。
13．A．less
than
B．more
than
C．better
than
D．worse
than
解析：考查短语辨析。根据上文可知，如果我们处于困境中，寻求帮助是非常好的。more
than意为“非常”，符合语境。less
than意为“少于”；better
than意为“好于”；
worse
than意为“坏于”，均与语境不符。故答案选B。
14．A．self－reliance
B．self－confidence
C．self－judgment
D．self－defense
解析：考查名词辨析。根据第二段内容可知，自立自强不仅影响了“我”的体能，还从情感上塑造了“我”。由此可知，此处说明身体上和情感上的自力更生是长处。self－reliance意为“自力更生”，符合语境。self－confidence意为“自信”；self－judgment意为“自我判断”；self－defense意为“自卫”，均与语境不符。故答案选A。
15．A．overcome
B．overestimate
C．overuse
D．oversleep
解析：考查词义辨析。根据转折连词“But”以及本句中的“unhealthy,
unbalanced
and
unnecessary”可知，此处指过度的自立自强是不健康的、失衡的和不必要的。overuse意为“过度的使用”，与上文中的“when
used
well”形成对比，符合语境。overcome为动词，意为“克服”；overestimate意为“过高的估计”；oversleep为动词，意为“睡过头”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。
16．A．If
B．Unless
C．Since
D．Until
解析：考查连词辨析。根据语境并结合主句时态可知，此处应用since引导时间状语从句，意为“自从……以来”。if意为“如果”；unless意为“除非”；until意为“直到”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。
17．A．positive
B．weak
C．strong
D．honest
解析：考查形容词辨析。根据本句中的“need
others
to
rely
on”可知，此处指承认“我”是脆弱的，需要依赖别人。weak意为“弱的”，符合语境。positive意为“积极的”；strong意为“强壮的”；
honest意为“诚实的”，均与语境不符。故答案选B。
18．A．strengthen
B．widen
C．increase
D．decrease
解析：考查动词辨析。根据本句中的“grow
into
more
interdependence”可知，此处指减少我们对独立的需要。decrease意为“减少，减小”，符合语境。strengthen意为“加强”；widen意为“变宽”；increase意为“增加”，均与语境不符。故答案选D。
19．A．braver
B．ruder
C．healthier
D．more
modest
解析：考查形容词辨析。根据上下文可知，此处指我们越是敢于伸出手，开阔心胸，生活就会越惬意。braver意为“更勇敢的”，符合语境。ruder意为“更无礼的”；healthier意为“更健康的”；more
modest意为“更谦虚的”，均与语境不符。故答案选A。
20．A．nervousness
B．belief
C．relief
D．burden
解析：考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指这不仅给了我们情感上的安慰，还给我们带来欢乐并让我们的人际关系更紧密。relief意为“安慰”，符合语境。nervousness意为“紧张”；belief意为“信任，信念”；burden意为“负担”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。第一编　专题三　文体1
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)
The
small
town
of
Rjukan
in
Norway
is
situated
between
several
mountains
and
does
not
get
direct
sunlight
from
late
September
to
mid－March—
__1.C__
six
months
out
of
the
year.
“Of
course，we
__2.D__
it
when
the
sun
is
shining，”says
Karin
Ro，who
works
for
the
town's
tourism
office.“We
see
the
sky
is
__3.B__，but
down
in
the
valley
it's
darker—it's
like
on
a
__4.A__
day.”
But
that
__5.B__
when
a
system
of
high－tech
__6.C__
was
introduced
to
reflect
sunlight
from
neighboring
peaks(山峰)
into
the
valley
below.Wednesday，residents(居民)
of
Rjukan
__7.C__
their
very
first
ray
of
winter
sunshine：A
row
of
reflective
boards
on
a
nearby
mountainside
were
put
to
__8.D__.The
mirrors
are
controlled
by
a
computer
that
__9.B__
them
to
turn
along
with
the
sun
throughout
the
__10.A__
and
to
close
during
windy
weather.They
reflect
a
concentrated
beam(束)of
light
onto
the
town's
central
__11.C__，creating
an
area
of
sunlight
roughly
600
square
meters.When
the
light
__12.A__，Rjukan
residents
gathered
together.
“People
have
been
__13.D__
there
and
standing
there
and
taking
__14.A__
of
each
other，”Ro
says.“The
town
square
was
totally
__15.B__.I
think
almost
all
the
people
in
the
town
were
there.”The
3,500
residents
cannot
all
__16.C__
the
sunshine
at
the
same
time.__17.B__，the
new
light
feels
like
more
than
enough
for
the
town's
__18.D__
residents.
“It's
not
very
__19.A__，”she
says，“but
it
is
enough
when
we
are
__20.D__.”
文章大意：主题：人与自然(自然生态)；话题：运用高科技“引进”阳光。本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了挪威小城尤坎一年中接近半年无法得到阳光直射，这种情况通过运用高科技设备得以改善。该语篇旨在激发思考，引导考生关注自然生态，探索人与自然的和谐相处之道。
1．A．only
B．obviously
C．nearly
D．precisely
解析：上文语境题。根据空前所述(从九月底到三月中旬)可知，此处指接近(nearly)六个月的时间。only只有；obviously明显地；precisely精确地。
2．A．fear
B．believe
C．hear
D．notice
解析：上下文语境题。由上文可知挪威小城尤坎接近六个月的时间没有阳光直射，再根据下文引号里的话可知，当地人在阳光照耀的时候注意到(notice)天空是蓝色的，但山谷里较暗。fear害怕；believe相信；hear听说。
3．A．empty
B．blue
C．high
D．wide
解析：上文语境题。显然，该引号中的话为当地人注意到的情况——我们看到天空是蓝色的(blue)，但山谷里较暗。empty空的；high高的；wide宽的。
4．A．cloudy
B．normal
C．different
D．warm
解析：上文语境题。山谷里较暗，就像阴天(a
cloudy
day)一样。normal正常的；different不同的；warm温暖的。
5．A．helped
B．changed
C．happened
D．mattered
解析：上下文语境题。但是当一套高科技的镜子系统被引进之后，这种状况改变(change)了。help帮助；happen发生；matter重要。
6．A．computers
B．telescopes
C．mirrors
D．cameras
解析：下文语境题。由下文中的“The
mirrors
are
controlled...”可知该空填mirrors(镜子)。computer电脑；telescope望远镜；camera照相机。
7．A．remembered
B．forecasted
C．received
D．imagined
解析：上下文语境题。由上下文可知，在引进高科技的镜子系统后，尤坎居民收到(receive)了冬日阳光的第一束光。remember记住；forecast预报；imagine想象。
8．A．repair
B．risk
C．rest
D．use
解析：上文语境题。由该句前的冒号可知，此句介绍尤坎居民是如何得到光源的——附近山坡上的一排反射板投入使用。put
to
use“投入使用”，符合语境。repair修理；risk冒险；rest休息。
9．A．forbids
B．directs
C．predicts
D．follows
解析：上下文语境题。这些镜子是由电脑控制的，电脑可以让它们在白天随着太阳转动，在有风的天气里关闭。direct“管理，指挥”，符合语境。forbid禁止；predict预测；follow跟随。
10．A．day
B．night
C．month
D．year
解析：上下文语境题。因为是要反射光源，肯定是在白天时间。throughout
the
day“整个白天”，符合语境。
11．A．library
B．hall
C．square
D．street
解析：下文语境题。由下一段中的“The
town
square
was
totally...”可知，此空填square。library图书馆；hall大厅；street街道。
12．A．appeared
B．returned
C．faded
D．stopped
解析：上文语境题。当光出现(appear)的时候，尤坎居民就聚集到一起。return返回；fade消失；stop停止。
13．A．driving
B．hiding
C．camping
D．sitting
解析：下文语境题。与空后的standing对应的是sitting，指人们或坐或站，故选D项。drive驾驶；hide躲藏；camp露营。
14．A．pictures
B．notes
C．care
D．hold
解析：上下文语境题。人们或坐或站，互相拍照。take
pictures
of“给……拍照”，符合语境。take
notes
of记笔记；take
care
of照顾；take
hold
of握住。
15．A．new
B．full
C．flat
D．silent
解析：下文语境题。由空后的“我觉得几乎镇上所有人都在那里了”可知城镇广场完全满了(full)。new新的；flat平淡的，单调的；silent沉默的。
16．A．block
B．avoid
C．enjoy
D．store
解析：上下文语境题。3
500个居民不能同时享受(enjoy)阳光。block挡住，堵住；avoid
避免；store储存。
17．A．Instead
B．However
C．Gradually
D．Similarly
解析：语义逻辑题。空前提到居民不能同时享受阳光，空后说，新光线对小镇居民而言感觉绰绰有余，由此可知，前后语义为转折关系，故填however(然而)。instead反而，相反；gradually逐渐地；similarly相似地。
18．A．nature－loving
B．energy－saving
C．weather－beaten
D．sun－starved
解析：上文语境题。尤坎小镇原本每年有接近六个月的时间不见阳光，所以说他们是渴望阳光的(sun－starved)居民。nature－loving热爱自然的；
energy－saving节约能源的；weather－beaten饱经风霜的。
19．A．big
B．clear
C．cold
D．easy
解析：上下文语境题。由上文Ro的叙述以及more
than
enough等字眼可知，对于渴望阳光的尤坎居民而言，新光线让他们心满意足。故此处语境为“它不是很大(big)，但当我们分享(share)的时候就足够了”。
20．A．trying
B．waiting
C．watching
D．sharing
解析：上文语境题。当我们分享(share)的时候就足够了。try尝试；wait等待；watch观看。(共34张PPT)
题型突破·专项提升
第一部分
专题三　完形填空
文体3　议论文和说明文
(一)议论文
1
悟真题、取其精华
2
研典题、技法例析
3
随堂练、即时巩固
悟真题、取其精华
(课标全国卷Ⅰ)
As
a
general
rule，all
forms
of
activity
lead
to
boredom
when
they
are
performed
on
a
routine(常规)
basis.As
a
matter
of
fact，we
can
see
this
1._____
at
work
in
people
of
all
2._____.For
example，on
Christmas
morning，children
are
excited
about
3._____
with
their
new
toys.But
their
4._____
soon
wears
off
and
by
January
those
5._____
toys
can
be
found
put
away
in
the
basement.The
world
is
full
of
6._____
stamp
albums
and
unfinished
models，each
standing
as
a
monument
to
someone's
7._____
interest.When
parents
bring
home
a
pet，their
child
8._____
bathes
it
and
brushes
its
fur.Within
a
short
time，however，the
9._____
of
caring
for
the
animal
is
handed
over
to
the
parents.
A
D
C
B
A
D
B
C
B
Adolescents
enter
high
school
with
great
10._____
but
are
soon
looking
forward
to
11._____.The
same
is
true
of
the
young
adults
going
to
college.And
then，how
many
12._____，who
now
complain(抱怨)
about
the
long
drives
to
work，13._____
drove
for
hours
at
a
time
when
they
first
14._____
their
drivers
licenses(执照)？Before
people
retire，they
usually
15._____
to
do
a
lot
of
16._____
things，which
they
never
had
17._____
to
do
while
working.But
18._____
after
retirement，the
golfing，the
fishing，the
reading
and
all
of
the
other
pastimes
become
as
boring
as
the
jobs
they
19._____.And，like
the
child
in
January，they
go
searching
for
new
20._____.
D
A
C
B
D
D
A
A
D
C
B
文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。一般来说，任何事情做久了都会让人厌倦。实际上不论是在工作中，还是在人们的日常生活中都会有这样的现象；同样的厌倦心理也会出现在各个年龄段。
1．A．principle　　　　　
B．habit
C．way
D．power
解析：根据文章开头的As
a
general
rule...(作为一个通用的规则……)可知，此处意为“我们能在……中看到这个定律”，上文中rule暗示此处要用principle。
2．A．parties
B．races
C．countries
D．ages
解析：由For
example后面提到的几类人children，adolescents，young
adults以及people
to
retire可知此处要填ages，意为“我们可以看到这一定律对各年龄段的人都有效”。
3．A．working
B．living
C．playing
D．going
解析：根据该空后面的with
their
new
toys可知孩子们是“玩耍”新的玩具，所以此处要用playing。
4．A．confidence
B．interest
C．anxiety
D．sorrow
解析：分析语境，前文说“孩子们很兴奋地玩他们的新玩具”，由But表转折可知，他们的兴趣(interest)慢慢消失，而不是confidence“信心”，anxiety“焦虑”，sorrow“伤心”。wear
off逐渐减少，慢慢消失。下文的...each
standing
as
a
monument
to
someone's
_7__
interest.也暗示此空填interest。
5．A．same
B．extra
C．funny
D．expensive
解析：这里提到的玩具就是原来孩子们非常感兴趣的玩具，所以此处要用same。
6．A．well－organized
B．colorfully－printed
C．newly－collected
D．half?filled
解析：下面的unfinished
models“没有完成的模型”是重要提示，与unfinished并列的应是half－filled，意为“完成一半的”集邮册，而不是“排列好的”“绘成彩色的”或“最新收集的”。
7．A．broad
B．passing
C．different
D．main
解析：此处语境为：这个世界上到处都是装满一半的集邮册和尚未完成的模型，每个都是某人曾经的兴趣的纪念碑。passing
interest“曾经的兴趣”，也就是曾经那么感兴趣，而现在没有兴趣了。
8．A．silently
B．impatiently
C．gladly
D．worriedly
解析：结合下文的Within
a
short
time，however，the
_9__
of
caring
for
the
animal
is
handed
over
to
the
parents.可知，开始时孩子很乐意(gladly)为宠物洗澡和梳理毛发。silently
沉默地；impatiently不耐烦地；worriedly忧虑地。
9．A．promise
B．burden
C．right
D．game
解析：孩子没有了兴趣，因此照顾宠物的负担(burden)就移交给父母了。promise承诺；right权利；game游戏。
10．A．courage
B．calmness
C．confusion
D．excitement
解析：根据__3__空前面的children
are
excited
about
可以得知，进入高中的青少年也是满怀“兴奋”的，故此处要用excitement。
11．A．graduation
B．independence
C．responsibility
D．success
解析：刚进入高中的青少年开始时很兴奋，从but可以推知，他们不久就失去了兴趣而盼望毕业(graduation)。independence独立；responsibility责任，职责；success成功。
12．A．children
B．students
C．adults
D．retirees
解析：根据_11__空后面的The
same
is
true
of
the
young
adults
going
to
college.And
then...可知，此处是讲成年人(adults)的事情。
13．A．carefully
B．eagerly
C．nervously
D．bravely
解析：根据后面的...when
they
first
_14__
their
driver's
licenses(执照)？可以推知，人们最初拿到驾照的时候是很“渴望”开车的，故此处要用eagerly。
14．A．required
B．obtained
C．noticed
D．discovered
解析：成人“获得”驾照，因此要用obtained。require要求；notice注意到；discover发现。
15．A．need
B．learn
C．start
D．plan
解析：退休前他们通常打算(plan)做很多事情。
16．A．great
B．strange
C．difficult
D．correct
解析：由下文的the
golfing，the
fishing，the
reading
and
all
of
the
other
pastimes可知，这是他们退休后打算做的“极好的事情”，所以此处要用great。
17．A．time
B．money
C．skills
D．knowledge
解析：根据前面的before
people
retire可知，他们要做自己原来没有“时间”做的事情，所以此处要用time。
18．A．only
B．well
C．even
D．soon
解析：soon
after意为“不久”，也就是在他们退休后不久，所以此处要用soon。
19．A．lost　
B．chose
C．left　
D．quit
解析：根据前面的after
retirement
可知他们退休了，而他们退休前打算要做的那些事情也正如他们离开的工作一样无聊，所以此处要用left。
20．A．pets
B．toys
C．friends
D．colleagues
解析：like
the
child
in
January“像一月份的孩子那样”，孩子们一月份时已经对圣诞节的玩具失去兴趣了，故此处意为退休的人对他们之前的打算失去兴趣了，像孩子那样寻找新的玩具(toys)。
一、题型解读
议论文型完形填空一般是直接提出论点，通过论据论证，最后作者提出自己的看法或提出另一个话题供大家讨论。
二、解题技巧
1．对于纯议论型的完形填空，在把握全文主旨的情况下，抓住每段的首句是非常重要的。有一项调查结果表明：英语中有60%—90%的议论文的主旨是文章的首句，抓住了文章的主旨也就“牵住了牛鼻子”，再理解文章也就不难了。
名
师
点
津
2．理清文章的论点、论据和结论。与记叙文型完形填空相比，议论文型完形填空更难做一些。一般的记叙文是按时间顺序进行描述的，我们只要把握事件的发生、发展过程就能将情景把握好。然而，议论文型完形填空就没有这么简单了。如果我们对论点、论据、结论都把握不清，只能是莽撞地选择答案。一般说来，能说明论点的主要内容的答案可以在论据里得到印证，且论点里某些答案也可以与论据有机地结合起来，使论点论据形成相辅相成的关系，从而使整篇文章内容上下一致。如果我们所选的答案前后矛盾，论点与论据相悖，最后的结论与论点相矛盾，那就说明我们对文章的把握还欠条理性和系统性，这时我们需要重新来理顺文章中的各部分，直到条理清晰为止，然后再依据自己对文章的把握及各部分的逻辑关系选出答案。
研典题、技法例析
1．把握首段和首句完整的信息，把握全文的主旨大意
议论文的论点一般在首句或首段，这样有利于考生掌握文章的导向，也有利于对下文的理解。
All
of
us
go
through
some
difficult
times
as
we
approach
teenage
years.
It's
the
age
when
we
have
to
deal
with
the
most
1.______
in
our
life.This
transition
(过渡)from
childhood
to
adulthood
is
2.______
for
some,
but
rough
for
others.
The
most
important
thing
about
being
a
teenager
is
3.______.
When
we
are
teenagers,
we
would
get
blamed
or
even
punished
for
anything
wrong
we
do.
典
例
文章大意：本文开篇第一句是论点：每个人到青春期都会经历一些困难时期。下文讲述的内容均围绕这一论点展开。
1．A．chances　　　　　
B．
changes
C．feelings
D．expectations
解析：由下一句中的“This
transition”可知，此处表述在这个阶段，我们需要面对生活中的大多数改变(changes)。故选_B__。
2．A．smooth
B．practical
C．demanding
D．necessary
解析：由下文“but
rough...”可知，此处用smooth“顺利的”和后面的rough形成对比。从童年到成年的过渡，对有些人来说是很顺利的(smooth)，但是对另外一些人来说却很艰难。故选_A__。
3．A．knowledge
B．independence
C．
confidence
D．responsibility
解析：根据此空下一句“当我们成为青少年时，我们会因犯错受到责备甚至是惩罚”可知，此处表示“成为青少年最重要的一件事就是承担起责任(responsibility)”。故选_D__。
2．把握作者的观点和态度
议论文往往体现作者对某一事物的观点，而作者的观点就是文章的论点。考生要把握作者的观点，了解作者对某一事物是褒还是贬，是赞成还是反对，通常把握了作者的观点也就是找准了文章的论点。
(广东卷)
How
long
can
human
beings
live
Most
scientists
who
study
old
age
think
that
the
human
body
is
1.______
to
live
no
longer
than
120
years.
However,
110
years
is
probably
the
longest
that
anyone
could
hope
to
live—if
he
or
she
is
2.______
healthy
and
lucky.Some
scientists
even
say
we
can
live
as
long
as
130
years！Yet,
our
cells
simply
cannot
continue
to
reproduce
3.______.They
wear
out，and
as
a
result，we
get
old
and
4.______
die.Even
though
we
can't
live
forever，we
are
living
a
5.______life
than
ever
before.In
1990，the
average
American
life
span(寿命)
was
only
47
years，but
today
it
is
75
years!
典
例
文章大意：本文主要分析了人类寿命延长的原因以及人口老龄化对社会的影响。
1．A．designed
B．selected
C．improved
D．discovered
解析：科学家们认为人体的结构设计决定了人类的寿命可长达120岁，design“设计”；select“选择，挑选”；improve“提高，改善”；discover“发现”。故选_A__。
2．A．completely
B．generally
C．apparently
D．extremely
解析：然而110岁可能是人们希望能活的最长的寿命——如果他极其健康和幸运。completely“完全地”；generally“一般地”；apparently“显然地”；extremely“极其，非常”。故选_D__。
3．A．rapidly
B．harmlessly
C．endlessly
D．separately
解析：根据文章可知，此处表述由于人体的细胞不会无止境的再生，因此人的寿命是有限的。rapidly“快速地”；harmlessly“无害地”；endlessly“无止境地”；separately“分离地，分开地”。故选_C__。
4．A．eventually
B．separately
C．automatically
D．desperately
解析：他们(细胞)衰竭后，结果我们就会变老并最终死亡。eventually“最终”；hopelessly“没有希望地”；automatically“自动地”；desperately“绝望地”。故选_A__。
5．A．busier
B．longer
C．richer
D．happier
解析：由下文所学的1900年美国人的平均寿命的例子可知，现在人的寿命比以前更长了。故选_B__。
3．论点、论据互相结合，选出正确答案
一般来说，能说明论据主要内容的答案可以在论点里得到印证，而论点里的某些答案也可以与论据有机地结合起来，使论点、论据形成相辅相成的关系，从而使整篇文章上下一致。如果我们所选的答案前后矛盾，论据与论点相悖，最后的结论与论点矛盾，那么我们就要重新理顺文章的各个部分，直到清楚为止，这样才能选出正确答案。
(广东卷)
Parents
feel
that
it
is
difficult
to
live
with
teenagers.
Then
again
，teenagers
have
1.______
feelings
about
their
parents,
saying
that
it
is
not
easy
living
with
them.
According
to
a
recent
research,
the
most
common
2.______
between
parents
and
teenagers
is
that
regarding
untidiness
and
daily
routine
tasks.
On
the
one
hand,
parents
go
mad
over
3.______
rooms,
clothes
thrown
on
the
floor
and
their
children's
refusal
to
help
with
the
4.______.On
the
other
hand,
teenagers
lose
their
patience
continually
when
parents
blame
them
for
5.______
the
towel
in
the
bathroom,
not
cleaning
up
their
room
or
refusing
to
do
the
shopping
at
the
supermarket.
典
例
文章大意：本文讨论了青少年和家长之间难以相处的原因和解决这一问题的办法。作者认为，沟通是一个双向的过程，一味地批评和责备会使亲情疏远，父母应当和孩子多交流，互相理解，彼此倾听，才能从根本上解决问题。
1．A．natural　　　　　　
B．strong
C．guilty
D．similar
解析：根据该句中的“Then
again”，“it
is
not
easy
living
with
them”和上句中的“it
is
difficult
to
live
with
teenagers”可知，青少年和他们的父母有着相似的感觉，认为他们彼此之间不容易相处。故选_D__。
2．A．interest
B．argument
C．link
D．knowledge
解析：由本句中的“regarding
untidiness
and
daily
routine
tasks”可知，这是他们争论的问题，即他们围绕这些生活中的小事而争论。故选_B__。
3．A．noisy
B．crowded
C．messy
D．locked
解析：根据该句中的“go
mad”，“clothes
thrown
on
the
floor”和上句中的“untidiness”可知，父母会对杂乱的房间感到生气。故选_C__。
4．A．homework
B．housework
C．problem
D．research
解析：根据上文中的“daily
routine
tasks”可知，此处是指孩子们不愿做家务。故选_B__。
5．A．washing
B．using
C．dropping
D．replacing
解析：根据语境可知，另一方面，当父母责备他们将毛巾掉落在浴室时，青少年们往往会失去耐心。故选_C__。
4．通篇阅读，围绕主题(论点)推敲有疑问的题，并最终确定答案
按照文章的内容及语境逐题选择完毕后，一篇完整的文章便呈现出来，此时，一定要通读全文，以验证个别题目的答案是否与主题偏离，以求更高的准确度。
随堂练、即时巩固第一编　专题三　文体2
[层级一　真题题组]
A
(2018·浙江卷)
We
have
all
heard
how
time
is
more
valuable
than
money，but
is
it
_1.D__
to
have
too
much
time
I
_2.A__back
in
high
school
I
spent
most
of
my
day
at
school
since
I
also
_3.D__
a
team
sport.By
the
time
I
got
home，I
only
had
a
few
hours
to
do
my
homework，and
I
had
to
do
it
_4.B__.
When
I
got
into
college，things
_5.C__.I
suddenly
found
myself
out
of
class
before
noon
time.Because
of
all
this
_6.A__
time，there
was
no
sense
of
_7.C__
to
do
my
school
work
immediately.I
was
performing
this
action
of
waiting
until
it
later
became
a
_8.D__.Once
that
happened，I
just
kept
_9.A__
my
studying
further
and
further
back
in
my
day.Then
I
got
to
the
point
where
I
was
_10.B__
really
late
at
night
to
get
my
work
done.
One
day
I
_11.A__
a
former
classmate
of
mine
who
was
_12.D__
a
lot
of
money
running
a
sideline(副业)．Since
his
regular
job
was
_13.C__，I
asked
him
why
he
just
didn't
do
his
sideline
full－time.He
said
without
the
job，he
would
_14.D__
have
too
much
time
and
would
just
do
what
I
did
back
in
_15.B__.He
said
that
if
he
_16.A__
the
job，he
would
lose
his
_17.C__
to
work
and
succeed.
So，try
_18.B__
your
time
with
other
work.This
is
why
there
is
a
_19.C__
that
if
you
want
something
done，ask
a
_20.B__
person
to
do
it.
文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。我们都知道时间比金钱更宝贵，但是拥有太多的时间是种什么感觉呢？你是不是也很想体验一下？那就一起来了解一下作者的经历吧！
1．A．true　　　　　　　　
B．fair
C．strange
D．possible
解析：上下文语境题。作者在文章开头提出问题“我们都听说过时间如何比金钱更宝贵，但是拥有太多的时间，这可能(possible)吗？”。true真的；fair公平的；strange奇怪的。
2．A．remember
B．admit
C．understand
D．expect
解析：下文语境题。根据下文叙述可知，作者记起(remember)了高中时的生活。admit承认；understand理解；expect期望。
3．A．watched
B．loved
C．coached
D．played
解析：上下文语境题。因为作者还参加团体性运动，所以他一天的大部分时间都是在学校度过的。watch观看；love热爱；coach训练；play参加运动。
4．A．at
last
B．right
away
C．of
course
D．as
usual
解析：上文语境题。根据上文可知作者到家后只有几个小时的时间做作业，所以必须立即(right
away)开始做。at
last最后；of
course当然；as
usual像往常一样。
5．A．happened
B．repeated
C．changed
D．mattered
解析：上下文语境题。前面提到高中时间紧张，又由后文可知，在大学，课程中午前就结束了，所以说事情发生了变化(change)。happen发生；repeat重复；matter要紧。
6．A．extra
B．difficult
C．valuable
D．limited
解析：上文语境题。课程结束得早，就有了额外的(extra)时间。difficult难的；valuable宝贵的；limited有限的。
7．A．duty
B．achievement
C．urgency
D．direction
解析：上下文语境题。时间充足，所以“没有立即去做功课的紧迫(urgency)感”。duty责任；achievement成就，成绩；direction方向。
8．A．burden
B．relief
C．risk
D．habit
解析：上文语境题。作者一直做这个等待的动作直到后来它变成了一个习惯(habit)。burden重担，负担；relief缓和，宽慰；risk冒险。
9．A．pushing
B．taking
C．setting
D．calling
解析：上下文语境题。由上下文可知，作者不断地把学习往后推(push...back)。take...back带回来；set...back拖……后腿；call...back回电话。
10．A．hanging
out
B．staying
up
C．jogging
round
D．showing
off
解析：上下文语境题。因为把功课一直往后推，所以最后只能熬夜(stay
up)。hang
out出去闲逛；jog
round在周围慢跑；show
off炫耀。
11．A．met
B．helped
C．treated
D．hired
解析：下文语境题。由下文叙述可知，有一天作者遇到了(meet)一个以前的同班同学。help帮助；treat对待；hire雇用。
12．A．raising
B．wasting
C．demanding
D．making
解析：下文语境题。由下文提到的running
a
sideline(经营副业)可知，此处是指赚许多钱(make
a
lot
of
money)。raise
money筹钱；waste
money浪费钱；demand
money要钱。
13．A．safe
B．important
C．boring
D．rewarding
解析：下文语境题。由下文作者问同班同学为什么不全职经营他的副业可知，他的固定工作很无聊(boring)。safe安全的；important重要的；rewarding值得做的，报酬高的。
14．A．luckily
B．hardly
C．hopefully
D．simply
解析：上下文语境题。如果没有那份工作，他简直会有太多时间。simply“实在，简直”，符合语境。luckily幸运地；hardly几乎不；hopefully有希望地。
15．A．childhood
B．college
C．town
D．business
解析：上文语境题。结合上文可知，如果拥有太多时间，作者的同班同学就会跟作者在大学里(college)所做的一样。childhood童年时期；town城镇；business生意，商务。
16．A．quit
B．found
C．accepted
D．kept
解析：上文语境题。上文作者问同班同学为什么不全职经营副业，所以此处是说“如果辞职(quit)”。find找到，发现；accept接受；keep保持，保留。
17．A．heart
B．chance
C．drive
D．way
解析：上下文语境题。如果辞职，他就会失去工作的动力(drive)。drive
n．内驱力，推动力，符合语境。lose
one's
heart倾心于；lose
one's
chance失去机会；lose
one's
way迷路。
18．A．saving
B．filling
up
C．giving
up
D．trading
解析：上文语境题。通过上文得出结论：因此，试着用其他工作填满(fill
up)你的时间。save节省；give
up放弃；trade交易。
19．A．message
B．story
C．saying
D．fact
解析：上下文语境题。句意：这就是为什么有这样一种说法(saying)……message信息；story故事；fact事实。
20．A．careful
B．busy
C．reliable
D．kind
解析：上文语境题。通过上文的描述可知，越忙效率越高。故此处意为“如果你想做某事，就请忙碌的(busy)人去完成”。careful仔细的；reliable可信赖的；kind友好的。
B
(2016·全国Ⅲ卷)
When
I
was
13
my
only
purpose
was
to
become
the
star
on
our
football
team.That
meant
_1.B__
Miller
King，who
was
the
best
_2.D__
at
our
school.
Football
season
started
in
September
and
all
summer
long
I
worked
out.I
carried
my
football
everywhere
for
_3.A__.
Just
before
September，Miller
was
struck
by
a
car
and
lost
his
right
arm.I
went
to
see
him
after
he
came
back
from
_4.C__.He
looked
very
_5.A__，but
he
didn't
cry.
That
season，I
_6.B__
all
of
Miller's
records
while
he
_7.D__
the
home
games
from
the
bench.We
went
10－1
and
I
was
named
most
valuable
player，_8.C__
I
often
had
crazy
dreams
in
which
I
was
to
blame
for
Miller's
_9.C__.
One
afternoon,
I
was
crossing
the
field
to
go
home
and
saw
Miller
_10.A__
going
over
a
fence—which
wasn't
_11.B__
to
climb
if
you
had
both
arms.I'm
sure
I
was
the
last
person
in
the
world
he
wanted
to
accept
_12.C__
from.But
even
that
challenge
he
accepted.I
_13.B__
him
move
slowly
over
the
fence.When
we
were
finally
_14.D__
on
the
other
side,
he
said
to
me，“You
know,
I
didn't
tell
you
this
during
the
season，but
you
did
_15.A__.Thank
you
for
filling
in
for
_16.C__.”
His
words
freed
me
from
my
bad
_17.D__.I
thought
to
myself，how
even
without
an
arm
he
was
more
of
a
leader.Damaged
but
not
defeated,
he
was
_18.A__
ahead
of
me.I
was
right
to
have
_19.D__
him.From
that
day
on,
I
grew
_20.B__
and
a
little
more
real.
文章大意：本文是夹叙夹议类文章。在学校“我”喜欢踢足球，并且很崇拜Miller
King，但是他因为车祸失去了右臂而不能参加比赛了。“我”代替了他，并且取得了骄人的成绩。“我”心里感觉对不起他，但是他的话让“我”深受感动。
1．A．cheering
for
B．beating
out
C．relying
on
D．staying
with
解析：上下文语境题。联系空前的to
become
the
star
on
our
football
team和空后的who
was
the
best...可知，“我”要成为足球队的明星，就意味着要击败(beat
out)最好的球员Miller
King。cheer
for为……欢呼；rely
on依靠；stay
with与……待在一起。
2．A．coach
B．student
C．teacher
D．player
解析：上文语境题。联系前文“我要在足球上打败Miller
King”可知，他是学校最好的球员(player)。coach教练；student学生；teacher老师。
3．A．practice
B．show
C．comfort
D．pleasure
解析：上文语境题。联系前文all
summer
long
I
worked
out可知，整个夏天自己都带着足球，在外练习(practice)。show表演；comfort安慰；pleasure乐趣。
4．A．school
B．vacation
C．hospital
D．training
解析：上文语境题。联系前文Miller
was
struck
by
a
car
and
lost
his
right
arm.可知，他出车祸，住院了，然后从医院(hospital)回来。school学校；vacation假期；training训练。
5．A．pale
B．calm
C．relaxed
D．ashamed
解析：上文语境题。联系前文“他刚从医院回来”可知他脸色苍白(pale)。calm平静的；relaxed放松的；ashamed羞愧的。
6．A．held
B．broke
C．set
D．tried
解析：下文语境题。联系下文We
went
10－1
and
I
was
named
most
valuable
player...可知，“我”打破(break)了Miller所有的纪录。hold保持；set创造；try尝试。
7．A．reported
B．judged
C．organized
D．watched
解析：下文语境题。联系空后的the
home
games
from
the
bench可知，他坐在凳子上看(watch)比赛。report报道；judge裁判，评判；organize组织。
8．A．and
B．then
C．but
D．thus
解析：上下文语境题。前后两部分在语意上是转折关系，因此用but。
9．A．decision
B．mistake
C．accident
D．sacrifice
解析：上文语境题。联系空前的Miller's以及前文讲述的Miller因为车祸致残不能参加比赛的情况可知，作者总是责备自己，因为Miller遭遇车祸(accident)了自己才有机会。decision决定；mistake错误；sacrifice牺牲。
10．A．stuck
B．hurt
C．tired
D．lost
解析：下文语境题。联系后文which
wasn't
_11__(hard)to
climb
if
you
had
both
arms可知，因为现在失去了右臂，他过篱笆时被卡住(stuck)了。hurt受伤的；tired疲倦的；lost丢失的。
11．A．steady
B．hard
C．fun
D．fit
解析：下文语境题。联系空后的if
you
had
both
arms可知，现在他卡住了，如果有两只胳膊，过篱笆对于他来说，不是难(hard)事。steady稳定的；fun有趣的；fit合适的，健康的。
12．A．praise
B．advice
C．assistance
D．apology
解析：下文语境题。联系下文I
__13__(helped)him
move
slowly
over
the
fence.可知，“我”帮助了他，但是“我”认为他是不想接受“我”的帮助(assistance)。praise表扬；advice建议；apology道歉。
13．A．let
B．helped
C．had
D．noticed
解析：上下文语境题。联系前文“I'm
sure
I
was
the
last
person
in
the
world
he
wanted
to
accept
assistance
from”可知，“我”帮助(help)他从篱笆上下来。let让；have有；notice注意。
14．A．dropped
B．ready
C．trapped
D．safe
解析：上文语境题。由前文的move
slowly
over
the
fence和空后的on
the
other
side可知，最后我们安全(safe)了。drop落下；ready准备好的；trap卡住。
15．A．fine
B．wrong
C．quickly
D．normally
解析：上文语境题。联系前文We
went
10－1
and
I
was
named
most
valuable
player可知，他说“我”做得很好(fine)。wrong错误地；quickly迅速地；normally平常地。
16．A．us
B．yourself
C．me
D．them
解析：上文语境题。联系空前的filling
in可知，因为Miller受伤，作者代替了他，此处是Miller说的话，所以用me。
17．A．memories
B．ideas
C．attitudes
D．dreams
解析：上文语境题。联系前文I
often
had
crazy
dreams
in
which
I
was
to
blame可知，他的话让“我”从这些不好的梦(dream)中摆脱出来。memory记忆；idea主意；attitude态度。
18．A．still
B．also
C．yet
D．just
解析：上文语境题。联系空前的Damaged
but
not
defeated可知，Miller尽管受伤，但是没有被打败，他仍(still)在“我”的前面。
19．A．challenged
B．cured
C．invited
D．admired
解析：上文语境题。联系前文Miller
King，who
was
the
best
__2__(player)at
our
school可知，“我”崇拜(admire)他。challenge挑战；cure治愈；invite邀请。
20．A．healthier
B．bigger
C．cleverer
D．cooler
解析：下文语境题。联系空后的and
a
little
more
real可知，自己渐渐长大(bigger)。healthy健康的；clever聪明的；cool酷的。
C
(2016·全国Ⅱ卷)
Hundreds
of
people
have
formed
impressions
of
you
through
that
little
device(装置)
on
your
desk.And
they've
never
actually
_1.D__
you.Everything
they
know
about
you
_2.A__
through
this
device
sometimes
from
hundreds
of
miles
away._3.B__
they
feel
they
can
know
you
_4.C__
from
the
sound
of
your
voice.That's
how
powerful
the
_5.A__
is.
Powerful,
yes,
but
not
always
_6.D__.For
years
I
dealt
with
my
travel
agent
only
by
phone.Rani,
my
faceless
agent
whom
I'd
never
met
_7.A__，
got
me
rock－bottom
prices
on
airfares,
cars,
and
hotels.But
her
cold
voice
really
_8.A__
me.I
sometimes
wished
to
_9.C__
another
agent.
One
morning,
I
had
to
_10.D__
an
immediate
flight
home
for
a
family
emergency.I
ran
into
Rani's
office
_11.A__.The
woman
sitting
at
the
desk，_12.B__
my
madness，sympathetically
jumped
up.She
gave
me
a
_13.B__
smile，nodded
while
listening
patiently，and
then
printed
out
the
_14.C__
immediately.“What
a
wonderful
lady！”I
thought.
Rushing
out
_15.C__
I
called
out
over
my
shoulder，“By
the
way,
what's
your
name？”“I'm
Rani，”she
said.I
turned
around
and
saw
a
_16.D__
woman
with
a
big
smile
on
her
face
waving
to
wish
me
a
safe
trip.I
was
_17.D__！
Why
had
I
thought
she
was
cold
Rani
was，well，so
_18.B__.
Sitting
back
in
the
car
on
the
way
to
the
airport,
I
figured
it
all
out.Rani's
_19.C__—her
warm
smile,
her
nods，her‘I'm
here
for
you’_20.B__—were
all
silent
signals
that
didn't
travel
through
wires.
文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。多年来作者都是通过电话与旅行代理人联系，觉得对方说话的声音冷冰冰的。但是有一次订机票的时候作者亲自来到代理人的办公室，发现自己先前的判断是错误的。
1．A．accepted
B．noticed
C．heard
D．met
解析：上下文语境题。根据上文的have
formed
impressions
of
you，on
your
desk和下文的sometimes
from
hundreds
of
miles
away，only
by
phone，再结合全文可知that
little
device是指电话，由此可判断选D项：他们从来没有见到(meet)过你。accept接受；notice注意；hear听说；meet遇见。
2．A．came
B．moved
C．ran
D．developed
解析：上下文语境题。他们对你的了解全部通过这台装置，有时是来自数百英里之外。come
from“来自”，符合语境。come来；move移动；run跑；develop开发，培养。
3．A．Thus
B．Yet
C．Then
D．Indeed
解析：上下文语境题。前文提到“他们对你的了解全部通过这台装置，有时来自数百英里远的地方”，本空用副词yet表示转折含义：可是他们觉得他们能够了解你……thus因此；yet然而；then随后，那么；indeed的确，确实。
4．A．rather
B．also
C．just
D．already
解析：上文语境题。前文说他们没见过你，他们有时离你数百英里远，这里用just表示“仅仅；只是”，此处指“但是他们觉得只需要听到你的声音就能了解你”。rather很，非常；also也，还；just仅仅；already已经。
5．A．telephone
B．voice
C．connection
D．impression
解析：上下文语境题。本题很容易因为前文中的the
sound
of
your
voice而错选B项“voice”，但是文章开头说到“that
little
device”，因此这里讲的是“你书桌上的那台小装置”，下文也提到only
by
phone和travel
through
wires，因此本题选A项“电话”。telephone电话；voice嗓音；connection联系；impression印象。
6．A．direct
B．useful
C．easy
D．accurate
解析：下文语境题。通读下文可知，作者开始时因为瑞妮在电话里的声音很冷淡而生气，但见面后，却发现她是个wonderful
lady，因此该空选accurate“准确的”，此处是说(电话是)强大的，但不总是准确的。direct直接的；useful有用的；easy容易的；accurate准确的。
7．A．in
person
B．by
myself
C．in
public
D．on
purpose
解析：上文语境题。in
person表示“亲自”，never
met
in
person与上文的faceless相呼应。in
person亲自；by
oneself独自；in
public公开地；on
purpose故意地。
8．A．annoyed
B．interested
C．discouraged
D．confused
解析：上文语境题。作者的这个旅行代理人总能给他最低价格(rock－bottom
prices)，但是她冷冰冰的声音让作者不开心，根据语境可知选A项“annoyed”。annoyed生气的；interested感兴趣的；discouraged沮丧的；confused困惑不解的。
9．A．promote
B．train
C．find
D．know
解析：上文语境题。作者对瑞妮冷冰冰的语气很是气恼，有时希望另外找个代理人。promote提升；train训练；find找到；know知道。
10．A．arrange
B．postpone
C．confirm
D．book
解析：下文语境题。由下文的a
family
emergency可知，作者家中有急事，需要马上坐飞机回家，故选book“预订”。arrange安排；postpone推迟；confirm证实；book预订。
11．A．for
the
first
time
B．at
any
time
C．from
time
to
time
D．in
good
time
解析：上文语境题。上文提到，作者之前与瑞妮从来没有见过面，因此这里选for
the
first
time“第一次”。for
the
first
time第一次；at
any
time随时；from
time
to
time不时，偶尔；in
good
time及早，有足够的时间。
12．A．expecting
B．seeing
C．testing
D．avoiding
解析：下文语境题。作者跑到瑞妮的办公室，坐在桌旁的瑞妮看到(see)作者着急的样子就跳了起来，满是同情。expect期待；see看见；test检测；avoid避免。
13．A．shy
B．comforting
C．familiar
D．forced
解析：上文语境题。根据上文中madness可知作者很着急，因此这里用comforting“令人欣慰的”：她给了我一个令人欣慰的微笑。shy腼腆的；comforting令人安慰的；familiar熟悉的；forced勉强的。
14．A．bill
B．form
C．ticket
D．list
解析：上文语境题。上文提到作者家里有急事，需要立即坐飞机回去(an
immediate
flight
home)，因此此处说的是给作者打印飞机票(ticket)。bill账单；form表格；ticket票；list清单。
15．A．hopefully
B．disappointedly
C．gratefully
D．regretfully
解析：上文语境题。作者遇到这么热心的旅行代理人，当然是心存感激(gratefully)。hopefully有希望地；disappointedly失望地；gratefully感激地；regretfully遗憾地。
16．A．careful
B．serious
C．nervous
D．pleasant
解析：下文语境题。此处应与下文的a
big
smile，waving
to
wish
me
a
safe
trip相呼应，故用pleasant“令人愉悦的”。careful仔细的；serious严肃的；nervous紧张的；pleasant愉悦的。
17．A．amused
B．worried
C．helpless
D．speechless
解析：上下文语境题。作者想到自己当初对瑞妮的错误判断，而眼前的瑞妮是那么热心，因此一时竟不知道该说什么(speechless)了。amused逗乐的；worried担心的；helpless无助的；speechless说不出话的。
18．A．calm
B．nice
C．proud
D．clever
解析：上文语境题。由上文可知，作者亲眼见到瑞妮后发现她是一个wonderful
lady，于是反问自己“我之前怎么会认为她冷冰冰呢？哦，瑞妮是这么友好(nice)”。calm冷静的；nice友好的，和蔼的；proud骄傲的；clever聪明的。
19．A．forgiveness
B．eagerness
C．friendliness
D．skillfulness
解析：下文语境题。破折号后的“她温暖的微笑，她的点头，她的‘我在这里为你服务’……”是对该空格的解释，对比四个选项，friendliness(友好)最符合语境。forgiveness宽恕；eagerness急切；friendliness友好；skillfulness熟练。
20．A．explanation
B．attitude
C．concept
D．behavior
解析：上下文语境题。结合上文引号中的内容“我在这里为你服务”及下文的silent
signals判断B选项“attitude”符合语境。explanation解释；attitude态度；concept概念；behavior行为。
[层级二　模拟题组]
1
(2019·洛阳市、许昌市一模)
As
a
young
child,
I
was
painfully
shy.
I'd
watch
other
children
at
_1.B__
in
the
park,
wishing
I
could
join
their
ranks
for
a
_2.D__
of
tag,
hide－and－seek,
or
jump
rope,
but
I
was
too_3.A__
to
approach
them._4.C__，
my
mother
would
come
to
the
rescue.
She'd
get
up
from
the
bench
where
she
was
sitting
with
the
other
moms，_5.A__
my
hand,
and
ask
the
other
kids
if
I
could
play
too.
The
answer
was
_6.C__
yes
(I'm
sure
the
other
children
didn't
want
to
get
in
trouble
with
their
own
moms),
and
then
I'd
be
all
set
for
the
rest
of
the
afternoon...until
the
pattern
_7.D__
itself
the
next
day.
I
became
_8.B__
awkward
and
more
outgoing
as
I
grow
up，thankfully—though
I
never
_9.A__
what
you'd
call
a
social
butterfly.Today，I
feel
_10.D__
giving
public
lectures
in
large
halls,
and
having
_11.B__
in
small
groups,
but
I
still
tend
to
avoid
situations
in
which
I'm
expected
to
‘mingle’
(使混合)with
a
roomful
of
_12.C__(I'm
working
on
it)．
The
reasons
for
my
aversion(厌恶)
could
be
various.
For
one,
I
might
be
_13.B__
some
residual(残留的)childhood
fear
of
rejection.
But
beyond
that
possibility,
one
_14.A__
element
is
that
I
_15.D__
to
underestimate
how
much
people
like
me
after
I
meet
them.
As
some
authors
_16.C__，
conversations
are
a
great
_17.D__
of
happiness
in
our
lives,
but
they
could
bring
us
even
greater
joy
if
we
only
_18.B__
that
others
like
us
more
than
we
know,
which
is
a
good
thing
to
keep
in
mind
as
you
_19.C__
the
awe－inspiring
room
of
strangers
at
your
next
cocktail
party,
mix
and
mingle
reception,
or
company
_20.A__
hour.
I
know
I'll
try
to.
文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过讲述自己从一个害羞的孩子转变成一个能够和他人自在沟通甚至进行演讲的人的变化，启迪我们：对他人敞开胸怀，不再害羞会更开心。
1．A．work
B．play
C．study
D．lunch
解析：根据下文“tag，hide－and－seek，or
jump
rope”可推知，作者在公园里看其他小朋友玩各种游戏，与下文“and
ask
the
other
kids
if
I
could
play
too”呼应，故选B。
2．A．party
B．course
C．presentation
D．game
解析：根据下文中的“tag，hide－and－seek，or
jump
rope”可知，这是孩子们所玩的游戏，故选D。
3．A．scared
B．thrilled
C．ashamed
D．shocked
解析：根据下文中的“some
residual(残留的)childhood
fear
of
rejection”可知，此处表示作者太害怕(scared)了而不敢靠近他们。thrilled“极为激动，非常兴奋”。
4．A．Accidentally
B．Temporarily
C．Eventually
D．Absolutely
解析：根据语境可推知，作者不敢参与小伙伴们的游戏，最终(Eventually)母亲会帮其脱离窘境，故选C。temporarily“暂时地”。
5．A．take
B．keep
C．pick
D．push
解析：此处表示母亲站起来，走过来拉起作者的手，征求其他小朋友的意见，故选A。
6．A．yet
B．simply
C．always
D．already
解析：根据上文的内容可知，作者的母亲会帮其脱离窘境，询问其他小朋友的意见，此处表示得到的答案总是(always)肯定的。
7．A．considered
B．found
C．concerned
D．repeated
解析：根据上文“my
mother
would
come
to
the
rescue”及下文“the
next
day”可推知，此处表示作者在陈述过去经常发生的事情，即：第二天模式依旧，作者依然要依赖母亲才能参与小伙伴们的活动或游戏。
8．A．worse
B．less
C．quite
D．rather
解析：由空处与下文“more
outgoing”呼应可推知，作者不再那么害羞和尴尬了。
9．A．turned
into
B．put
forward
C．jumped
at
D．pointed
out
解析：尽管作者已经不再害羞，但是也没有变成(turned
into)社交能手。
10．A．attractive
B．popular
C．serious
D．comfortable
解析：根据该句中的“but”可知，句子前后表示转折，此处表示尽管作者在大厅中做演讲感觉很放松，但仍然会避免一些场合，故选D。
11．A．compositions
B．conversations
C．essays
D．comments
解析：由空处与下文“conversations
are
a
great
__17__
of
happiness
in
our
lives”呼应可知，作者乐于进行小组谈话。
12．A．passengers
B．customers
C．strangers
D．authors
解析：由空处与下文“the
awe－inspiring
room
of
strangers
at
your
next
cocktail
party”呼应可知，此处表示一屋子的陌生人。
13．A．leading
B．carrying
C．describing
D．evaluating
解析：根据语境可推知，作者分析原因，认为可能是自己还带有一些童年残留的恐惧。carry“携带”符合语境。
14．A．likely
B．real
C．full
D．complete
解析：根据上文“beyond
that
possibility”可推知，此处作者分析了另外一种可能性，故选A。
15．A．like
B．happen
C．refuse
D．tend
解析：由空处与上文“but
I
still
tend
to
avoid
situations”呼应可推知，此处表示作者趋于低估别人对自己的喜欢程度，故选D。
16．A．arrange
B．demand
C．state
D．discuss
解析：此处表示正如一些作家陈述(state)的那样。
17．A．level
B．reward
C．intention
D．source
解析：根据下文“but
they
could
bring
us
even
greater
joy”可推知，谈话是人们生活中快乐的来源。source“来源”。
18．A．observe
B．realize
C．consult
D．control
解析：根据上文作者趋于低估别人对自己的喜欢程度可推知，如果我们意识到(realize)别人比我们知道的更喜欢我们，我们就会更快乐，故选B。
19．A．discover
B．recognize
C．survey
D．acquaint
解析：根据语境可知，此处表示审视一屋子的陌生人，故选C。acquaint“熟悉”。
20．A．happy
B．last
C．proud
D．individual
解析：根据上文“cocktail
party，mix
and
mingle
reception”可推知，此处表示公司的快乐时光，故选A。individual“个人的”。
2
(2019·潍坊市高三上学期统考)
Sitting
at
a
table
in
my
school
cafeteria,
I
looked
around，slowly
taking
in
everything.For
the
first
time
in
my
life，I_1.B__
that
I
had
been
seeing
without
really
seeing
for
the
past
two
years.
Student
after
student
passed
my
_2.C__
carrying
that
day's
lunch,
but
if
you
looked
deeper,
there
was
more
to
_3.A__.There
was
more
than
just
the
uniform
they
were
wearing,
or
the
way
they
had
styled
their
_4.D__
that
day.
There
was
a
lot
more
hidden
under
the
_5.A__.
Catching
the
eye
of
a
girl
in
my
grade
sitting
at
a
nearby
table,
I
_6.C__
politely.
She
smiled
_7.B__
and
then
continued
to
pick
at
the
spaghetti
in
front
of
her.
If
I
hadn't
_8.C__
recently
that
her
mother
was
dying
of
leukemia,
I
would
have
never
_9.A__
anything
was
wrong
and
I
may
not
have
been
as
_10.D__
and
sympathetic,
either.
It
suddenly
_11.C__
me
that
we
judge
others
too
quickly
without
knowing
the
whole
story.I
realized
that
everyone
may
have
something
_12.D__
they
are
facing
in
their
lives.
I
have
an
incurable
lung
disease.No
one
at
our
school
knows—I
don't
show
any
noticeable
_13.A__
except
for
a
few
coughs
here
and
there.I
go
about
my
day
like
any
other
kid，_14.B__
with
the
realization
that
I
have
a
_15.B__
and
terrifying
future.
Before
that
day
when
I
decided
to
_16.C__
the
world
with
a
new
perspective,
I
_17.C__
myself
almost
every
day.
I
thought
only
about
myself
and
my
heavy
_18.C__.
But
I've
now
realized
that
I
am
not
the
only
one
_19.D__：
everyone
has
their
own
mountain
to
face.
No
one
is
_20.B__—we
just
need
to
accept
the
way
we
are.
文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了作者观察生活而进行反思的故事，启迪读者要正确看待生活中的不幸。
1．A．promised
B．realized
C．pretended
D．joked
解析：根据上文中的“I
looked
around，slowly
taking
in
everything”及“For
the
first
time
in
my
life”可推知，作者意识到(realized)了些什么，故选B。下文中的“realized”也是提示。
2．A．order
B．room
C．table
D．cafeteria
解析：与上文“Sitting
at
a
table
in
my
school
cafeteria”呼应可知，此处指的是学生们路过作者所坐的餐桌(table)，故选C。
3．A．observe
B．imagine
C．compare
D．exchange
解析：与上文中的“but
if
you
looked
deeper”呼应可推知，此处表示作者认为有更多有待观察(observe)的东西。
4．A．diet
B．clothing
C．bicycle
D．hair
解析：根据上文中的“the
uniform
they
were
wearing，or
the
way
they
had
styled
their”可推知，此处表示学生们的发型，故选D。
5．A．surface
B．uniform
C．rules
D．circumstances
解析：根据常识可知，学生的制服和发型都是外在的东西，且空处与下文中的“we
judge
others
too
quickly
without
knowing
the
whole
stroy”呼应，故选A。
6．A．said
B．moved
C．waved
D．bowed
解析：根据下文中的“She
smiled”可推知，作者给一个女孩打了招呼，对方以微笑回应。
7．A．casually
B．weakly
C．happily
D．impatiently
解析：与下文“her
mother
was
dying
of
leukemia”呼应可推知，女孩因为母亲病重而勉强地(weakly)对作者笑了笑。
8．A．found
B．noticed
C．heard
D．decided
解析：根据语境可推知，作者听说(heard)了这个女孩家里的不幸。
9．A．suspected
B．remembered
C．predicted
D．regretted
解析：根据语境可推知，作者本不会觉得(suspected)有什么不正常的。
10．A．outstanding
B．willing
C．demanding
D．understanding
解析：与下文中的“sympathetic”呼应可推知，作者对对方表示谅解(understanding)和同情，故选D。
11．A．escaped
B．satisfied
C．hit
D．attracted
解析：根据语境可知，此处表示作者突然意识到，我们在不知道整个故事的情况下迅速对其他人作出评价，故选C。hit意为“使突然意识到”。
12．A．extra
B．valuable
C．common
D．tough
解析：根据语境可推知，每个人都可能会面临困境。故选D。
13．A．symptoms
B．diseases
C．complaints
D．weaknesses
解析：根据语境及下文中的“except
for
a
few
coughs”可推知，此处指的是一些不为人注意的症状(symptoms)。
14．A．and
B．but
C．or
D．so
解析：根据语境可推知，前后两句是逻辑上的转折关系，故选B。
15．A．bright
B．dark
C．real
D．serious
解析：与语境中的“terrifying”呼应可推知，此处表示因为难以治愈的疾病，作者的前途变得黑暗(dark)，故选B。
16．A．change
B．create
C．view
D．tolerate
解析：根据上文中的“looked
around”和“looked
deeper”可推知，作者一直在观察生活，而在那天之后作者以一种新角度看待(view)世界，故选C。
17．A．pitied
B．forgave
C．challenged
D．encouraged
解析：根据语境及下文中的“I
thought
only
about
myself
and
my
heavy
__18__”可推知，作者曾经因为自己的病而怜悯自己，故选C。
18．A．debt
B．reward
C．burden
D．workload
解析：根据语境及空前的“heavy”可推知，不可治愈的病是作者沉重的负担(burden)，故选C。
19．A．blessed
B．favored
C．laughing
D．suffering
解析：根据下文中的“everyone
has
their
own
mountain
to
face”可推知，人们都有要经历的苦难，故选D。
20．A．changeable
B．perfect
C．unique
D．different
解析：根据语境可推知，每个人都不完美，都有自己要应对的困境，我们只是需要接受自己原本的样子，故选B。
3
(2019·福州市一模)
Growing
up
in
the
1960s,
I
was
taught
from
an
early
age
to
send
a
handwritten
thank－you
note
expressing
_1.D__
for
kindness.
My
mother
used
to
buy
me
a
box
of
paper
and
_2.B__me
in
the
art
and
value
of
saying
“thank
you”.
She
_3.B__
to
be
right.
A
study
showed
that
it
took
less
than
5
minutes
to
write
the
thank－you
notes.
Just
5
minutes
to
make
_4.D__
person
feel
overjoyed！_5.A__，
in
our
“instant”
world,
the
idea
of
getting
an
actual
pen
and
writing
an
actual
note
seems
to
never
come
to
mind.
We
tend
to
do
what
is
_6.C__
for
us—a
quick
text
or
an
email.
It's
easy
to
use
the
_7.B__
of
being
busy,
but
even
very
busy
and
_8.C__
businessmen
find
time
to
_9.A__
thank－you
notes.For
example，when
Douglas
Conant
became
CEO
of
Campbell's,
the
company
had
_10.A__
half
of
its
market
value
and
morale(士气)
was
at
an
all－time
low.
He
_11.C__
fixing
that
by
doing
some
simple
things
that
are
probably
not
_12.B__
in
any
MBA
class.
For
one
thing,
Conant
wrote
to
every
_13.D__.He
gained
their
confidence
and
_14.C__，
turned
the
company
_15.D__.
In
his
ten
years
as
CEO,
Conant
wrote
over
30,000
notes
to
employees.
It's
_16.A__
not
to
ask
how
he
did
it._17.D__，
he
had
many
other
things
to
do
_18.C__
writing
a
thank－you
note.
Conant
made
time
for
_19.B__
because
he
knew
the
impact
(影响)each
one
would
have.
An
expression
of
_20.A__
in
this
crazy
world
still
makes
a
difference.
文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。小时候，妈妈教“我”用手写的感谢便条来表达对善良的感激，并教“我”表达感谢的艺术和价值；研究表明，不到五分钟就能用手写好的感谢便条会让他人感到快乐。
1．A．concern
B．sympathy
C．affection
D．appreciation
解析：根据该句中的“a
handwritten
thank－you
note
expressing
__1__for
kindness”可知，该处指用手写的感谢便条表达对善良的感激(appreciation)，故D项正确。A项意为“担心，关心”；B项意为“同情”；C项意为“喜爱”。
2．A．consult
B．instruct
C．answer
D．impress
解析：根据该句“My
mother
used
to
buy
me
a
box
of
paper...and
value
of
saving‘thank
you’”可知，“我”的妈妈过去常常给“我”买一箱纸，并教授(instruct)“我”表达感谢的艺术和价值，故B项正确。A项意为“咨询”；C项意为“回答”；D项意为“使留下深刻印象”。
3．A．remained
B．proved
C．appeared
D．claimed
解析：根据语境尤其是下文的内容可推知，此处表示她证明(proved)(这样做)是正确的，故B项符合语境。A项意为“保持”；C项意为“显得”；D项意为“声称”。
4．A．one
B．any
C．each
D．another
解析：根据空前一句可知，写感谢便条需要不到五分钟的时间；并结合该句和常识可推知，此处表示仅花费五分钟就可以让另一个(another)人非常高兴，故D项正确。
5．A．Yet
B．Therefore
C．So
D．Otherwise
解析：根据该句中的“seems
to
never
come
to
mind”并结合上文内容可知，尽管仅花费五分钟就能用手写好的感谢便条能让他人感到快乐，但是(Yet)，在我们这个“快捷的”世界里，人们似乎不愿意用这种方式表达谢意；据此可推知，该处前后表示转折关系，故A项正确。
6．A．special
B．necessary
C．convenient
D．important
解析：根据该句中的“a
quick
text
or
an
email”可推知，该处表示我们趋向于使用对我们来说方便的(convenient)方式——快速发送的短信或电子邮件，故C项正确。
7．A．case
B．excuse
C．example
D．situation
解析：根据语境以及该句中的“of
being
busy”并结合常识可知，人们很容易以忙为借口(excuse)，故B项正确。A项意为“事例”；C项意为“例子”；D项意为“情况”。
8．A．humorous
B．optimistic
C．successful
D．experienced
解析：根据语境可知，人们很容易以忙为借口，但即使是很忙碌和成功的(successful)商人也能找到时间写(pen)感谢便条，故C项正确。
9．A．pen
B．receive
C．design
D．deliver
解析：参见上题解析。
10．A．lost
B．gained
C．developed
D．damaged
解析：根据该句中的“morale(士气)
was
at
an
all－time
low”可知，士气空前低落；据此可推知，这家公司已经损失(lost)了一半的市值，故A项正确。
11．A．gave
up
B．kept
up
C．set
about
D．worried
about
解析：根据该句中的“He
__11__fixing
that
by
doing
some
simple
things”并结合语境可推知，他开始做(set
about)一些简单的事情来解决这一问题，故C项正确。A项意为“放弃”；B项意为“跟上”；D项意为“担心”。
12．A．permitted
B．taught
C．checked
D．tested
解析：根据语境可推知，他所做的简单的事情很可能没有任何MBA课堂上被教(taught)过，故B项正确。A项意为“允许”；C项意为“检查”；D项意为“测试”。
13．A．market
B．businessman
C．company
D．employee
解析：根据下文中的“gained
their
confidence”和“Conant
wrote
over
30,000
notes
to
employees”可推知，Conant给每个员工(employee)写了便条，得到了他们的信任，故D项正确。
14．A．personally
B．frankly
C．naturally
D．occasionally
解析：根据语境可推知，Conant得到了员工们的信任，顺理成章地(naturally)，使公司好转起来，故C项正确。A项意为“亲自”；B项意为“坦率地”；D项意为“偶然”。
15．A．up
B．down
C．away
D．around
解析：参见上题解析。turn
around意为“好转，扭转”，故D项正确。turn
up意为“开大”；turn
down意为“调低”；turn
away意为“拒绝”。
16．A．hard
B．great
C．amazing
D．disappointing
解析：根据前一句可知，在担任CEO的十年间，Conant给他的员工们写了三万多个便条；结合语境和常识可推知，这令人很难(hard)不去问他是如何做到的。故A项正确。
17．A．As
usual
B．In
short
C．By
the
way
D．After
all
解析：根据语境可推知，此处表示毕竟(After
all)，除了(besides)写感谢便条，他有许多其他事情要做，故D项正确。A项意为“像往常一样”，B项意为“简言之”，C项意为“顺便提一下”，都与文意不符。
18．A．by
B．in
C．besides
D．without
解析：参见上题解析。
19．A．me
B．it
C．him
D．them
解析：根据语境可知，空处指代空前一句中的“writing
a
thank－you
note”，故B项正确。
20．A．kindness
B．joy
C．value
D．confidence
解析：根据本文第一句中的“expressing
__1__for
kindness”并结合全文内容可推知，在这个疯狂的世界中，善良(kindness)的表达仍然会有作用，故A项正确。
4
(2019·太原市高三期末)
My
seven－year－old
daughter
always
has
her
nose
in
a
book.She
even
continued
_1.C__
in
the
car
on
the
long
drive
to
summer
camp,
where
she
lost
the
book.
This
is
the
first
lost
_2.D__
book
in
my
life.
In
my
childhood,
my
parents
had
always
expected
me
to
be
_3.C__，
but
we
were
poor,
and
I
didn't
_4.B__
books.
I
had
to
borrow
books.
My
library
books
lived
on
a
_5.D__
shelf
while
they
were
mine,
and
it
_6.A__
me
when
I
had
to
return
them
to
the
library
on
the
due
day.
However,
my
daughter
has
_7.D__
books
now
than
I
owned
during
my
whole
childhood.
So
it's
probably
my
_8.C__
that
she
didn't
cherish
the
books.
“Sorry,
I
can't
find
it，”
my
daughter
said
with
a
shrug,
“We
just
pay
$20
for
the
book.
What's
the
big
_9.D__？”
The
missing
library
book
just
met
with
a
cold
_10.A__
from
her,
but
it
met
with
nail－biting
_11.D__
from
me.
I
walked
into
the
library
in
a
deep
_12.C__
as
if
I
had
lost
the
book.
Feeling
the
need
to
make
her
feel
_13.B__
for
the
book,
I
asked
her
to
do
the
household
chores.
She
agreed
to
clean
up
all
the
pets'
houses
_14.B__
my
paying
the
library
book.
I'd
meant
the
chores
to
be
_15.A__！
Surprisingly,
she
was
enjoying
herself.
I
took
a
picture
of
her
lovely
back.
So,
did
I
win
or
lose
at
_16.B__？Did
I
teach
her
the
_17.C__
of
keeping
a
library
book
if
the
picture
I
took
shows
she
is
working
_18.A__？
To
my
_19.B__，
my
little
girl
knew
what
_20.A__
in
her
life.She
could
devote
herself
to
the
chores
as
much
as
to
the
books.
文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述的是“我”教育女儿的经历：“我”在童年时期因为家庭经济状况不好但家人又期望“我”学业成绩优秀，所以对从图书馆借来的书很珍惜；“我”的女儿现在拥有很多书，但却对弄丢从图书馆借的书毫不在乎，这让“我”意识到有必要让她接受惩罚……
1．A．driving
B．thinking
C．reading
D．viewing
解析：根据文章第一句“My
seven－year－old
daughter
always
has
her
nose
in
a
book”可推知，“我”的女儿甚至在去夏令营的途中在车里继续看书(reading)。
2．A．school
B．reference
C．story
D．library
解析：根据下文中的“The
missing
library
book”可知，此处是指“我”的女儿把从图书馆借的书弄丢了。故选D。
3．A．powerful
B．practical
C．academic
D．employed
解析：根据本句中的“but
we
were
poor”和下文的“I
had
to
borrow
books”可推知，在“我”的童年时期，父母一直希望“我”能够学业成绩优秀。academic“学业(成绩)优秀的”的符合语境，故选C。
4．A．write
B．own
C．order
D．love
解析：根据上文“we
were
poor”可知，在童年时期，我们家很穷，所以“我”没有书。故选B。
5．A．wasted
B．dusty
C．present
D．specific
解析：根据语境可知，因为买不起书，只能从图书馆借，所以“我”对从图书馆借来的书很珍惜，把这些借的书放在特定的(specific)架子上。
6．A．pained
B．companied
C．abandoned
D．lost
解析：根据语境可知，当“我”不得不将借的书在到期日归还给图书馆的时候，“我”感到很苦恼。it
pains
sb.
to
do
sth.“某人因不得不做某事而感到苦恼”为固定用法。故选A。
7．A．fewer
B．better
C．cheaper
D．more
解析：根据语境可知，“我”的女儿现在拥有的书比“我”整个童年时期拥有的都要多，故选D。
8．A．work
B．reason
C．fault
D．duty
解析：根据语境可推知，女儿拥有的书太多而不知道珍惜，这可能是“我”的过错(fault)。
9．A．worry
B．question
C．case
D．deal
解析：根据上文中的“my
daughter
said
with
a
shrug，‘We
just
pay
$20
for
the
book.What's
the
big
__9__？’”可知，“我”的女儿认为弄丢一本从图书馆借来的书没有什么大不了。big
deal“没什么大不了”是固定搭配，故选D。
10．A．shoulder
B．power
C．refusal
D．excuse
解析：根据上文内容可知，那本从图书馆借的丢失的书遭到了女儿的冷遇(女儿根本就没把这件事放在心上)。meet
with
a
cold
shoulder“遭受冷遇”符合语境。
11．A．impression
B．effort
C．effect
D．concern
解析：根据本句中的“but”可推知，与女儿的不在意相比，那本从图书馆借的书的丢失却令我焦虑不安。concern“忧虑，担心”符合语境。
12．A．respect
B．thought
C．shame
D．shock
解析：因为女儿把从图书馆借的书弄丢了，所以当“我”走进图书馆时，内心深感惭愧(shame)，好像这书本是“我”自己弄丢的。
13．A．eager
B．responsible
C．good
D．suitable
解析：根据语境可知，经过女儿弄丢从图书馆借来的书却对此不在乎这件事，“我”感到有必要让她意识到自己对弄丢这本书负有责任，所以“我”要求她做家务杂活。
14．A．in
need
of
B．in
trade
for
C．in
terms
of
D．in
favor
of
解析：她同意把所有的宠物房间都打扫干净，作为对“我”偿还那本丢失的书的交换条件。in
trade
for“作为对……的交换”符合语境。in
need
of“需要”；in
terms
of“就……而言”；in
favor
of“赞同，支持”。
15．A．punishment
B．recovery
C．encouragement
D．promise
解析：根据语境可知，“我”本来是要把做家务杂活当作对她的惩罚(punishment)。recovery“恢复”；encouragement“鼓励”；promise“承诺”。
16．A．studying
B．parenting
C．arguing
D．fighting
解析：“我”在为人父母方面是成功还是失败呢？此处parent用作动词，意为“做……的父亲(或母亲)”。
17．A．benefit
B．method
C．commitment
D．demand
解析：如果“我”拍的这张照片显示她正认真地(seriously)干活，那“我”让她明白了保存一本从图书馆借来的书的承诺吗？commitment“承诺，允诺承担”符合语境。benefit“好处，益处”；method“方法，办法”；demand“要求”。
18．A．seriously
B．unwillingly
C．professionally
D．constantly
解析：参见上题解析。unwillingly“不乐意地，不情愿地”；professionally“专业地，职业地”；constantly“经常地，持续不断地”。
19．A．disappointment
B．relief
C．regret
D．sorrow
解析：根据下文“She
could
devote
herself
to
the
chores
as
much
as
to
the
books”可推知，令“我”宽慰的是，“我”的女儿知道在她的人生中什么是重要的。to
one's
relief是固定搭配，意为“令某人安慰的是”，符合语境。
20．A．matters
B．proves
C．exists
D．grows
解析：参见上题解析。此处matter是动词，意为“要紧，重要”。
5
(2019·郑州市二模)
My
father
was
born
in
a
small
town
in
the
US.
He
wasn't
sure
what
he
wanted
from
_1.B__，but
something
told
him
to
_2.C__
and
begin
a
new
adventure.
He
began
that
adventure
traveling
to
cities
in
the
US
before
going
on
to
Australia,
New
Zealand
and
the
Philippines.
He
took
my
mother
and
us
three
daughters
with
him
and
went
wherever
the
road
_3.A__
him.
It's
easy
to
feel
_4.D__
when
you're
on
the
road.
We
made
lots
of
new
friends
on
our
trip—most
of
them
are
mechanics，since
we
often
_5.C__
hours
in
repair
shops.
But
that
was
a
way
much
_6.A__
than
sitting
by
the
roadside
while
waiting
for
the
engine
to
_7.B__
when
it
was
40℃
outside.
Getting
along
well
sometimes
seemed_8.D__.There
were
always
a
lot
of
_9.A__，
especially
among
us
back
seat
passengers
about
who
had
to
_10.C__
in
the
middle.
But
even
if
it
was
hard，we
learned
a
lot
about
_11.D__.
When
we
were
traveling
in
the
Philippines,
we
drove
to
Quezon
City
one
day.
It
should
have
been
an
hour's
drive
but
was
nearly
three
thanks
to
bad
roads
and
_12.B__
traffic.
“Did
you
put
our
suitcases
in
the
car？”
my
father
asked
my
mother
as
we
arrived
there.
From
the
back
seat,
we
saw
her
_13.D__
turn
toward
my
father.“
No，”
she
said.
“I
thought
you
did.”
That
was
how
a
seven－hour
car
trip
turned
into
a
16－hour
one,
which
was
mostly
spent
in
_14.A__.
On
occasions
like
that,
we
had
to
learn
to
let
go
of
our
anger
because
we
were
_15.C__
in
a
rolling
box
with
the
same
people
for
the
rest
of
the
_16.B__.
Even
if
I
sometimes
felt
like
opening
the
car
door
and
_17.B__
one
of
my
sisters
out,
I
kept
my
feelings
to
myself.
This
is
why
road
trips
were
like
_18.D__
universities
to
us.We
_19.A__
our
PhDs
(博士学位)
in
how
to
get
along
with
other
people
just
by
traveling
in
our
old
car.
If
we
were
_20.C__
given
a
second
chance
at
life,
we
would
do
it
all
over
again.
Only
this
time
would
I
put
the
suitcases
in
the
car
myself.
文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。小时候“我”随父亲和母亲以及我的姐妹开车旅行，在此过程中，我们学会了忍让以及和别人相处。这个颠簸的旅程是一所移动的大学，让“我”受益匪浅。
1．A．move
B．life
C．experience
D．belief
解析：根据上文可知，“我”的父亲出生在美国的一个小镇上；结合该句中的“He
wasn't
sure
what
he
wanted”以及下文叙述的他带着全家开车旅行可推知，那时他不确定想从生活中要些什么，故B项正确。
2．A．live
up
B．struggle
on
C．get
out
D．walk
around
解析：根据该句中的“begin
a
new
adventure”可推知，他得到启示，要他走出去，去开启新的冒险经历。C项意为“离开，从……出来”，故C项正确；B项意为“勉力维持”。
3．A．took
B．drove
C．served
D．controlled
解析：根据该句中的“wherever
the
road”并结合语境可知，他带着妈妈和我们这三个女儿，沿路旅行。A项表示“带去，引领”，符合语境，故A项正确。
4．A．anxious
B．upset
C．helpless
D．lonely
解析：根据该句中的“when
you're
on
the
road”和下文介绍的沿路交朋友可推知，当在路上时，很容易感到孤独(lonely)。
5．A．wasted
B．worked
C．spent
D．chatted
解析：根据语境可知，由于我们经常花费几个小时在修理店，所以我们交的朋友大部分是修理工。
6．A．better
B．easier
C．safer
D．cleverer
解析：由于外面的温度达到40摄氏度，所以去修理店要比坐在马路边等候好得多。
7．A
break
down
B．cool
off
C．clear
up
D．turn
over
解析：根据该句中的“when
it
was
40
℃
outside”可知，外面气温高达40摄氏度；据此可推知，该处指等待发动机冷却下来；B项意为“使冷却下来”，故B项正确。A项意为“出故障”，C项意为“清理”，D项意为“翻转”，都与语境不符。
8．A．available
B．alternative
C．necessary
D．impossible
解析：根据下文中的“it
was
hard”并结合语境可知，友好相处有时似乎是不可能的(impossible)。
9．A．arguments
B．fights
C．embarrassments
D．amusements
解析：根据空后的“especially
among
us...in
the
middle”可知，我们之间总是有很多争吵，尤其是关于后座的我们谁坐(sit)在中间时。
10．A．settle
B．rest
C．sit
D．watch
解析：参见上题解析。
11．A．sharing
B．respect
C．communication
D．tolerance
解析：根据该句中的“But”表达的语境可知，尽管这很难解决，但是我们学会了忍耐(tolerance)。
12．A．light
B．heavy
C．local
D．fast
解析：根据该句中的“It
should
have
been
an
hour's
drive
but
was
nearly
three”可知，本可以在一小时就完成的路程，我们却花了三个小时；据此可推知，这里路道较差，交通拥堵，故B项正确。
13．A．suddenly
B．sensitively
C．calmly
D．slowly
解析：根据语境可知，我们在后座看到母亲慢慢地转过头对父亲说：“没有，我还以为你放了”。
14．A．silence
B．vain
C．panic
D．disappointment
解析：根据上文可知，母亲忘记将手提箱放进车里；结合该句和下文中的“we
had
to
learn
to
let
go
of
our
anger”可知，我们学会了控制自己的怒气，这个七小时的行程最终变成了十六小时的行程，我们大部分的时间都在沉默。
15．A．buried
B．crazy
C．stuck
D．impatient
解析：根据语境可知，在像上文提到的情况下，我们必须控制自己的怒气，因为我们和相同的人在接下来的旅程(journey)里一起被困在车里。be
stuck
in为固定搭配，意为“被困在……”，故C项正确。
16．A．holiday
B．journey
C．exploration
D．march
解析：参见上题解析。
17．A．dragging
B．pushing
C．helping
D．sending
解析：根据该句中的“I
kept
my
feelings
to
myself”可知，“我”控制住了自己的情绪；据此可推知，此处表示有时“我”想要打开车门将“我”的一个姐妹推出车外。B项意为“推”，故B项正确。
18．A．unusual
B．common
C．free
D．mobile
解析：根据该句中的“road
trips”以及下文中的“We
__19__
our
PhDs(博士学位)”可知，对于我们来说，公路旅行就如可移动的(mobile)大学。
19．A．earned
B．expected
C．missed
D．valued
解析：根据语境可知，就在这辆旧汽车里，我们获得了如何和他人相处的博士学位；A项意为“博得，赢得”，故A项正确。
20．A．somewhere
B．anytime
C．somehow
D．anyway
解析：根据语境可知，如果我们能以某种方式在人生中获得第二次机会的话，我们还是会去旅行。C项意为“以某种方式”，故C项正确。
6
(2019·原创预测卷)
I
have
a
degree
in
business.
But
it
was
my
father's
_1.C__
for
me
to
seek
to
attain
a
business
_2.D__.
He
thought
that
having
a
business
major
would
_3.A__
me
more
available
choices
and
make
me
more
_4.B__
in
entering
a
global
labor
market.
I
_5.C__
his
advice.However，even
though
my
college
experiences
were
_6.A__，
I
had
no
interest
in
any
_7.B__
of
commerce,
let
alone
having
a
long－term
career
(职业)
as
a
businesswoman.
After
I
_8.B__，
I
worked
as
a
marketing
planner
at
a
computer
company.My
_9.D__
and
working
environment
were
great;
yet
I
_10.C__
didn't
feel
happy
doing
something
that
held
little
_11.B__
for
me.
After
two
months
of
working
there,
I
made
up
my
mind
to
_12.A__
and
decided
to
do
what
I
love,
namely
__13.C__
history.
I
have
now
been
doing
this
job
for
over
twenty
years.
I
am
_14.A__
of
being
with
my
students.
If
you
are
in
a
_15.D__
where
you
don't
love
what
you
are
learning
or
doing,
please
ask
yourself
what
you
are
really
_16.C__about,
and
what
you
truly
want
for
your
life.
Don't
_17.A__
to
get
yourself
a
quick
answer.
Take
some
time
to
think
about
what
career
could
bring
_18.B__
to
you.
I
like
this
motto
“Success
is
not
the
key
to
happiness._19.D__，
happiness
is
the
key
to
success.”
Happiness
_20.D__the
inside
of
you,
not
from
the
outside.
If
you
love
what
you
are
doing,
you
will
be
successful.
文章大意：这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者的父亲替作者作出了攻读商科专业的决定，但作者始终对商科不感兴趣；工作后，从商优厚的薪水并没有让作者开心。作者最终决定辞职去做自己感兴趣的教学工作。作者以自身的经历告诉我们：做你所爱的事，你就会成功。
1．A．ambition
B．commitment
C．decision
D．response
解析：我有商科学位，但让我去攻读商科专业是父亲的决定。ambition“志向”；commitment“投入，承诺”；decision“决定”；response“回答”。
2．A．experience
B．position
C．activity
D．major
解析：参见上题解析。experience“经历，经验”；position“职位”；activity“活动”；major“专业”。
3．A．guarantee
B．save
C．leave
D．pass
解析：他认为拥有商科学位将保证我有更多的选择，并使我在进入全球劳动力市场时更具竞争力。guarantee“保证”。
4．A．independent
B．competitive
C．energetic
D．flexible
解析：参见上题解析。independent“独立的”；competitive“有竞争力的”；energetic“精力充沛的”；flexible“灵活的”。
5．A．ignored
B．valued
C．took
D．opposed
解析：我接受了他的建议。take
one's
advice“接受某人的建议”；ignore“忽视”；value“重视”；oppose“反对”。
6．A．fantastic
B．awkward
C．painful
D．plain
解析：然而，尽管我的大学经历很棒，但我对任何商业领域(field)都不感兴趣。fantastic“极好的”；awkward“令人尴尬的”；painful“痛苦的”；plain“极普通的”。
7．A．paper
B．field
C．college
D．job
解析：参见上题解析。
8．A．matured
B．graduated
C．succeeded
D．trained
解析：毕业后，我在一家电脑公司做市场策划。mature“成熟，长成”；graduate“毕业”；succeed“成功”；train“培训”。
9．A．future
B．dream
C．scholarship
D．pay
解析：我的工资(pay)和工作环境都很好。
10．A．only
B．also
C．still
D．even
解析：但我依旧因为做着一些对我没什么吸引力的事情而不开心。only“仅仅”；also“也”；still“依旧，仍然”；even“甚至”。
11．A．advantage
B．appeal
C．chance
D．trouble
解析：参见上题解析。advantage“优势”；appeal“吸引力”；chance“机会，可能性”；trouble“困难”。
12．A．quit
B．continue
C．consider
D．wait
解析：在那里工作了两个月后，我决定辞职去做我喜欢的事，即教历史。quit“辞职”；continue“继续”；consider“考虑”；wait“等待”。
13．A．promoting
B．writing
C．teaching
D．studying
解析：参见上题解析。下文的“being
with
my
students”也是暗示。
14．A．fond
B．tired
C．proud
D．careful
解析：我喜欢和我的学生们在一起。be
fond
of“喜欢”；be
tired
of“厌倦”；be
proud
of“为……感到自豪”；be
careful
of“小心”。
15．A．firm
B．game
C．story
D．place
解析：如是你处于你不喜欢你正在学习或做的事情的境地，请问问自己你真正热爱的是什么，你在生活中真正想要的是什么。此处place是抽象的地点，表示“处境，情况，境地”。
16．A．anxious
B．optimistic
C．enthusiastic
D．nervous
解析：参见上题解析。enthusiastic“热情的，满腔热忱的”。
17．A．rush
B．hesitate
C．intend
D．stop
解析：不要急于给自己答案。rush
to
do
sth.“赶忙做某事”；hesitate“犹豫”；intend“打算”；stop“阻止，停止”。
18．A．love
B．joy
C．confidence
D．knowledge
解析：花点时间想想什么职业能够让你快乐(joy)。
19．A．As
a
result
B．On
the
whole
C．In
the
meanwhile
D．On
the
contrary
解析：我喜欢“成功不是幸福的钥匙，恰恰相反，幸福是成功的钥匙”这句格言。on
the
contrary“恰好相反”。
20．A．applies
to
B．spreads
to
C．differs
from
D．arises
from
解析：幸福来自你的内心，而不是外在。arise
from“由……产生”。第一编　专题三　文体3　(二)
(2018·黑龙江哈尔滨六中三模)
New
genetic
analysis
has
revealed
that
many
Amazon
tree
species
are
likely
to
survive
human－made
climate
warming
in
the
coming
century,
contrary
to
previous
findings
that
temperature
increases
would
cause
them
to
die
out.A
study,
_1.C__
in
the
latest
edition
of
Ecology
and
Evolution,
reveals
the
_2.B__
age
of
some
Amazonian
tree
species—more
than
8
million
years—and
_3.D__
shows
that
they
have
survived
previous
periods
as
warm
as
many
of
the
global
warming
imagined
periods
_4.C__for
the
year
2100.
The
authors
write
that,
having
survived
warm
periods
in
the
past,
the
trees
will
_5.B__
survive
future
warming,
provided
there
are
no
other
major
environmental
changes._6.B__
extreme
droughts
and
forest
fires
will
impact
Amazonia
as
temperatures
_7.A__，
the
trees
will
stand
the
direct
impact
of
higher
temperatures.The
authors
_8.D__
that
as
well
as
reducing
greenhouse
gas
emissions
to
minimize
the
risk
of
drought
and
fire,
conservation
policy
should
remain
_9.C__
on
preventing
deforestation(采伐森林)
for
agriculture
and
mining.
The
study
disagrees
with
other
recent
researches
which
predicted
tree
species'
extinctions
_10.B__
relatively
small
increases
in
global
average
air
temperatures.
Study
co－author
Dr
Simon
Lewis
(UCL
Geography)
said
the
_11.A__
were
good
news
for
Amazon
tree
species,
but
warned
that
drought
and
over－exploitation
of
the
forest
remained
major
_12.A__
to
the
Amazon's
future.
Dr
Lewis
said,
“The
past
cannot
be
compared
directly
with
the
future.While
tree
species
seem
likely
to
_13.B__
higher
air
temperatures
than
today,
the
Amazon
forest
is
being
transformed
for
agriculture
and
_14.D__，
and
what
remains
is
being
degraded(使恶化)
by
logging
(伐木)
，and
increasingly
split
up
by
fields
and
roads.”
“Species
will
not
move
as
freely
in
today's
Amazon
as
they
did
in
previous
warm
periods,
when
there
was
no
human
_15.B__.Similarly,
today's
climate
change
is
extremely
fast，making
comparisons
with
slower
changes
in
the
past
_16.A__.”
“With
a
clearer
_17.C__
of
the
relative
risks
to
the
Amazon
forest，we
_18.B__
that
direct
human
impacts—such
as
forest
clearances
for
agriculture
or
mining—should
remain
a
key
point
of
conservation
policy.We
also
need
more
aggressive
_19.D__
to
reduce
greenhouse
gas
emissions
in
order
to
make
minimum
the
risk
of
drought
and
fire
impacts
and_20.A__
the
future
of
most
Amazon
tree
species.”
文章大意：本文主要讲了一项最新的研究，研究表明气候变暖不会使亚马孙古代树灭绝。
1．A．advertised
　　　　　　　
B．described
C．published
D．presented
解析：advertise做广告；describe描述；publish公布；present呈现。此处表示：《生物与进化》的最新版公布的一项研究。故选C。
2．A．frightening
B．surprising
C．exciting
D．interesting
解析：frightening令人害怕的；surprising令人惊讶的；exciting令人兴奋的；interesting有趣的。句意为：这项研究揭示了亚马孙树种惊人的年龄。故选B。
3．A．still
B．nevertheless
C．however
D．therefore
解析：句意为：这些古代树种有着超800多万年的树龄，因此表明了它可以幸存于和先前所有时期一样温暖的全球气候变暖的时期，预测为2100年。therefore因此。故选D。
4．A．assess
B．confirm
C．forecast
D．promise
解析：assess评定；confirm确认；forecast预测；promise允许。由上题解析可知选C。
5．A．particularly
B．probably
C．merely
D．possibly
解析：句意为：作者写道，亚马孙的树种曾在高温气候中生存下来，所以将来也有可能在气温升高的气候中存活。故选B。
6．A．Since
B．Although
C．When
D．If
解析：句意为：虽然随着温度的升高，严重的干旱及森林火灾将会影响亚马孙流域，但这些树木将会忍受更高温度的直接影响。故选B。
7．A．rise
B．change
C．drop
D．end
解析：rise升高；change变化；drop掉落；end结束。由本句末的“higher
temperatures”可知应是温度升高。故选A。
8．A．consider
B．decide
C．guarantee
D．recommend
解析：consider考虑；
decide决定；guarantee保证；recommend推荐，建议。后面是作者的建议，故选D。
9．A．based
B．built
C．focused
D．made
解析：base以……基础；build建筑；focus集中；make制作。句意为：保护措施应当仍然集中于防止为了农业和矿业的发展而采伐森林。故选C。
10．A．in
relation
to
B．in
response
to
C．in
reply
to
D．in
reference
to
解析：in
relation
to关于，涉及；in
response
to响应，回答，对……做出反应；in
reply
to答复……；in
reference
to关于。句意为：这项研究与最近其他研究不同的是他们预测树种的灭绝是对相对小幅度的全球平均气温升高的反应。故选B。
11．A．findings
B．thoughts
C．inventions
D．writings
解析：finding发现；thought想法；invention发明；writing作品。句意为：教授说这些发现对于亚马孙树种来说是一个好消息，但他警告称干旱和过度采伐森林对于亚马孙的未来来说仍然是主要的威胁。故选A。
12．A．threats
B．disadvantages
C．embarrassments
D．instructions
解析：threat威胁；disadvantage不利条件；embarrassment窘境；instruction说明，指示。由上题解析可知选A。
13．A．accept
B．tolerate
C．permit
D．require
解析：accept接受；tolerate容忍，忍耐；permit允许；require要求。句意为：虽然树种好像能忍耐比现在更高的温度，但亚马孙森林正在向农业和矿业转变。故选B。
14．A．farming
B．planting
C．catering
D．mining
解析：farming畜牧业；planting种植业；catering服务业；mining矿业。由第二段最后一句中的“deforestation(采伐森林)
for
agriculture
and
mining”可知选D。
15．A．power
B．influence
C．desire
D．violence
解析：power力量；influence影响；desire欲望；violence暴力。句意为：当这里没有人类影响的时候。故选B。
16．A．difficult
B．clear
C．easy
D．important
解析：句意为：现在气候变化极快，使之与过去缓慢地变化比较起来很难。故选A。
17．A．belief
B．direction
C．understanding
D．suggestion
解析：句意为：更清楚地理解了亚马孙森林所面对的危险。我们推断出人类直接的影响，比如为了农、矿业而采伐森林，仍是保护政策的重点。
18．A．doubt
B．conclude
C．calculate
D．prefer
解析：conclude推断，做结论。由上题解析可知选B。
19．A．thought
B．guidance
C．protection
D．action
解析：句意为：为了把干旱和火灾的风险降到最低并保护亚马孙树种的未来，我们也需要更多积极的行动来减少温室气体的排放。action行动。
20．A．secure
B．advance
C．sacrifice
D．evaluate
解析：secure保护，使安全。由上题解析可知选A。第一编　专题三　文体1
[层级一　真题题组]
A
(2019·天津卷)
I
was
ready
to
pay
for
my
bananas
at
the
grocery
one
night，when
fear
seized
me.My
wallet
was
gone.I
could
only
have
left
it
on
the
G9
bus，which
was
now
speeding
in
the
dark
to
some
__1.C__
station.
The
__2.D__
moment
was
quickly
followed
by
mental
math.How
much
time
and
money
would
it
cost
to
replace
the
__3.B__
of
that
little
wallet？The
credit
cards，the
driver's
license，the
cash，all
lost
to
the
bus.
Two
hours
later，back
at
my
house，I
heard
a
knock
on
the
door.My
husband
__4.B__
it
while
I
was
on
the
phone
in
the
dining
room.“Does
Jennifer
live
here？”
I
heard
a
lady
say.In
my
husband's
hand
was
my
wallet，with
not
a
penny
__5.A__.She
left
before
I
could
__6.D__
make
it
to
the
door
to
offer
my
thanks.
After
sharing
the
story
online，I
heard
from
someone，who
__7.C__
the
lady
as
Erin
Smith.Without
__8.A__，I
called
to
thank
her.She
said
she
__9.D__
my
wallet
on
a
bus
seat.She
__10.C__
that
going
to
a
stranger's
house
was
a
__11.B__
move，but
she
decided
to
take
the
chance.“If
I
were
in
that
__12.C__，I
would
want
someone
to
try
to
find
me，”she
said.
This
one
stranger
responded
beautifully
to
my
small
__13.A__，but
she
actually
wasn't
the
only
one.Right
after
Erin
__14.D__
my
wallet
on
the
bus，she
posted
a
picture
of
my
driver's
license
to
an
online
forum(论坛)，trying
to
see
__15.A__
anyone
knew
me.No
sooner
did
she
leave
my
doorstep
than
I
had
emails
from
two
women
whose
kids
go
to
my
son's
nursery
and
who
recognized
my
face.I've
never
__16.B__
words
with
those
moms
beyond
small
talk，but
they
wanted
to
help.I
read
that
people
are
more
divided
than
ever，but
that's
not
how
the
people
I
__17.A__
tend
to
act.
__18.C__，I
feel
blessed
someone
had
wanted
to
help
a
stranger.Erin
had
gone
__19.D__
what
almost
anyone
would
have
done，finding
my
house
on
a
bitterly
cold
night，and
for
that
I
was
extremely
__20.D__.
文章大意：主题：人与自我(做人与做事)；话题：拾金不昧。本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了一位素不相识的女士在公交车上捡到作者的钱包，并根据钱包内的信息在寒冷的黑夜把钱包送到作者家中的故事。
1．A．accessible
B．hidden
C．unknown
D．convenient
解析：上文语境题。作者发现自己的钱包不见了的时候，G9公交车正在夜幕中(in
the
dark)快速行驶(was
now
speeding)，这里表示公交车正驶向某一个(some)未知的(unknown)车站，因此选C。accessible可进入的；hidden被隐藏的；convenient便利的，均不符合此处的语境。
2．A．face－saving
B．brain－washing
C．eye－catching
D．heart－stopping
解析：上文语境题。前文说作者发现自己钱包丢失的时候感到害怕(fear
seized
me)，复合形容词heart－stopping表示“令人非常害怕的”，与前文的fear在含义上是一致的，因此选D。face－saving保全面子的；brain－washing洗脑的；eye－catching引人注目的，均不符合此处的语境。
3．A．parts
B．contents
C．details
D．ingredients
解析：下文语境题。由后面提到的信用卡、驾照和现金可知，这里说的是作者在想，要把那个小钱包里的东西都更换需要花多少时间和金钱。这里用contents表示“所容纳之物”，指作者丢失的钱包里装的那些物品。part部分；detail细节；ingredient成分，均不符合此处的语境。
4．A．ignored
B．answered
C．examined
D．interrupted
解析：下文语境题。根据下文内容可知，这里说的是作者在餐厅打电话的时候有人来敲门，作者的丈夫去开的门(answer
the
door)，因此选B。ignore忽视，不理睬；examine检查；interrupt打扰。
5．A．missing
B．returned
C．remaining
D．abandoned
解析：下文语境题。根据下文的陈述可知，此处表示“一分钱都没有少”，用形容词missing“丢失的”。
6．A．still
B．ever
C．yet
D．even
解析：上下文语境题。此处表示还没等作者到门口对来送钱包的人道谢，对方就已经走了，用副词even“甚至”强调出乎意料。
7．A．selected
B．appointed
C．identified
D．defined
解析：上下文语境题。当作者在网上分享了这个故事之后，她收到了某个人的来信，这个人确认了那位女士是Erin
Smith。用identify表示“识别，认出”。
8．A．delay
B．alarm
C．regret
D．invitation
解析：下文语境题。当作者知道捡到自己的钱包并送到自己家的这位女士是谁之后，就毫不犹豫地给对方打电话表示感谢。without
delay毫不耽搁地，符合此处的语境。alarm惊恐，惊慌；regret遗憾，后悔；invitation邀请，请柬。
9．A．moved
B．placed
C．opened
D．spotted
解析：上下文语境题。根据语境“在公交车的座位上”判断选spotted表示“看见，发现”。
10．A．disagreed
B．complained
C．calculated
D．recommended
解析：下文语境题。由文章最后一段中的on
a
bitterly
cold
night可知，那天晚上非常冷。同时，Erin又不认识作者，由此推知，对方当时在考虑是否要把钱包送到失主家，因此用calculate表示“预测，估计”。
11．A．selfless
B．risky
C．slow
D．personal
解析：下文语境题。下文中短语take
the
chance表示“冒险”，由此可知，这里说的是她觉得到陌生人的家里去会有点儿危险，因此选B项
risky
“有危险的”。
12．A．site
B．direction
C．situation
D．atmosphere
解析：上下文语境题。Erin在为失主设身处地地考虑，用in
that
situation表示“处于那种境遇”，因此选C。site场所，地点；direction方向；atmosphere氛围。
13．A．crisis
B．danger
C．threat
D．failure
解析：上文语境题。本空指前文提到的作者丢失钱包这件事，从前文的fear判断这里用crisis表示“危机，危难”。danger危险；threat威胁；failure失败。
14．A．got
rid
of
B．made
use
of
C．had
control
of
D．took
possession
of
解析：上下文语境题。Erin在公交车上捡到作者丢失的钱包，因此用take
possession
of表示“拥有”。get
rid
of摆脱；make
use
of利用；have
control
of控制。
15．A．if
B．where
C．how
D．when
解析：上下文语境题。这里用if“是否”引导宾语从句表示疑问：Erin把作者的驾照照片发布到网上论坛中，看看是否有人认识作者。
16．A．recalled
B．exchanged
C．repeated
C．whispered
解析：下文语境题。作者说自己跟那些妈妈们除了闲聊之外从来没有深入地交谈过。exchange
words表示“交流，交谈”。recall回想起；repeat重复；whisper耳语。
17．A．encounter
B．follow
C．consult
D．accompany
解析：上下文语境题。作者说自己遇到的这些人与前面提到的那些人不一样，用动词encounter表示“遇到，遭遇”。follow跟随；consult咨询；accompany陪同。
18．A．Going
away
B．Turning
around
C．Looking
back
D．Coming
along
解析：上文语境题。作者在这里发表自己的感慨，用look
back表示“回顾”。go
away走开；turn
around转身；come
along一起来。
19．A．into
B．against
C．over
D．beyond
解析：上文语境题。根据文意，这里选介词beyond，go
beyond表示“超出，超越”。Erin的所作所为已经超越了几乎任何人都会做的事情。
20．A．longing
B．enthusiastic
C．concerned
D．grateful
解析：上文语境题。由上文提到的offer
my
thanks和called
to
thank
her可知，作者心存感激，因此选grateful。longing渴望的；enthusiastic热情的；concerned关心的。
B
(2019·北京卷)
Regardless
of
the
weather
or
the
distance，Paul
Wilson
will
make
sure
low－income
students
in
his
neighbourhood
arrive
at
their
college
classes
on
time.
A
retired
engineer,76－year－old
Wilson
has
been
__1.C__
free
rides
to
college
students
for
the
past
eight
years.Since
he
first
started
__2.D__
his
car
to
the
young
people，Wilson
has
__3.B__
an
astonishing
64,000
miles，and
has
had
countless
pleasant
and
often
humorous
__4.D__
with
the
students
he
transports
to
and
from
school.The
students
who
he's
__5.B__
have
gone
on
to
become
physicians，teachers
and
engineers，but
what
they've
also
got
out
of
their
time
in
school
is
finding
a
role
model
and
a
friend
in
Wilson.Some
students
__6.A__
call
him
“Grandpa”．
Tina
Stern
__7.B__
rides
from
Wilson
for
all
her
four
years
in
college，and
the
trips
meant
much
more
to
her
than
just
free
__8.A__.“It's
not
just
a
ride；you're
not
just
sitting
there
in
__9.B__
silence
or
with
your
headphones
on，”
Stern
said.“He
asks
you
questions
and
actually
__10.D__
the
answers，so
the
next
time
you
ride
with
him，he'll__11.C__
those
things.”
Wilson
first
worked
as
a
driver
through
a
student－support
programme
of
the
non－profit
organisation，On
Point
for
College.Although
the
__12.D__
asks
the
members
only
to
drive
students
to
and
from
their
classes，Wilson
often
goes
__13.C__
to
ensure
the
welfare
and
safety
of
the
students.If
they
have
problems
with
registration，Wilson
is
there
to
__14.A__
them.If
they
run
out
of
certain
daily
necessities，Wilson
will
drive
to
the
nearest
store
and
purchase
what's
needed.If
a
student
gets
hungry
on
the
long
drives
to
and
from
school，Wilson
never
__15.D__
to
buy
them
a
meal.
For
many
students，Wilson's
help
is
not
only
appreciated，it's
also
entirely
__16.C__
for
them
to
be
able
to
complete
their
college
education.Some
students
don't
have
a
reliable
car，while
others
have
to
__17.A__
vehicles
with
parents
who
work
six
days
a
week.For
them，riding
with
Wilson
has
__18.B__
them
to
complete
their
education—but
according
to
Wilson，he
benefits
just
as
much
from
the
__19.A__.“I
just
love
driving，and
I
love
these
kids，”Wilson
said.“It's
such
a(n)
__20.C__
to
be
a
part
of
these
kids'
lives，even
just
for
a
few
hours，getting
to
know
them
and
hearing
their
stories.”
文章大意：主题：人与社会(社会服务)；话题：退休老人乐于助人。本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位老人乐于助人的故事。老人虽已退休，但仍坚持发挥余热，待人友善，志愿搭载、接送大学生，并积极帮助他们解决生活中遇到的难题。本题考查考生在情感态度和价值观方面对语篇进行分析和阐释的能力，以及在掌握文章主旨大意和正确理解句与句、段与段之间的内在联系的基础上，准确运用动词、名词、形容词、副词、介词等的能力。
1．A．linking
B．sending
C．offering
D．distributing
解析：下文语境题。根据下文中的在过去八年中他自愿开车搭载学生可知，他是给大学生主动提供(offer)免费搭乘的。link
连接；send
派遣；distribute
分配。
2．A．donating
B．lending
C．delivering
D．volunteering
解析：上下文语境题。根据上文他自愿提供免费搭载服务给大学生可知，这里是回顾他的第一次自愿(volunteer)出车服务。donate捐献；lend借出；deliver递送。
3．A．paved
B．covered
C．measured
D．wandered
解析：上下文语境题。他开车接送学生已经行驶了(cover)惊人的64
000英里。cover此处意为“走完(一段路程)”。pave铺设；measure测量；wander游荡。
4．A．arguments
B．interviews
C．negotiations
D．conversations
解析：下文语境题。根据下文可知他在驾驶途中会和学生交谈(conversation)，他会询问问题并在下一次驾乘时核实答案。argument
争吵；interview采访；negotiation谈判。
5．A．met
B．driven
C．addressed
D．greeted
解析：上下文语境题。结合上下文语境可知，此处谈论的是他所搭载过的(drive)学生已成长为医师、教师和工程师。meet遇见；address演说；greet迎接。
6．A．even
B．ever
C．once
D．already
解析：上文语境题。根据上文中的a
role
model
and
a
friend可知，有些学生把他当作榜样或朋友，有些学生甚至(even)喊他“爷爷”。
7．A．earned
B．received
C．assessed
D．demanded
解析：上下文语境题。老人帮助学生们，而Tina
是接受(receive)过帮助的学生之一。earn赚；assess评估；demand要求。
8．A．transportation
B．style
C．time
D．communication
解析：上下文语境题。这里与上文中的free
rides相呼应，用free
transportation。除免费搭乘(free
transportation)之外，对学生们而言，旅途中还有更多收获。style风格；time时间；communication
交际。
9．A．forced
B．awkward
C．ridiculous
D．suspicious
解析：上下文语境题。这不仅仅是一次搭乘，你不只是在尴尬的(awkward)沉默中坐在那里或戴上耳机。forced被迫的；ridiculous荒唐的；suspicious
可疑的。
10．A．selects
B．recites
C．guesses
D．remembers
解析：下文语境题。下次他会核实这些答案，说明他当时是记住(remember)了答案。select挑选；recite背诵；guess猜测。
11．A．act
on
B．settle
on
C．check
on
D．agree
on
解析：上下文语境题。他会记住他问的这些问题的答案，然后下次乘车时他会核实(check
on)答案。act
on对……起作用；settle
on决定；agree
on
对……取得一致意见。
12．A．club
B．league
C．college
D．programme
解析：上文语境题。由上文中的a
student－support
programme可知，此处填programme。这个项目(programme)要求成员只是提供搭载服务。club俱乐部；league联盟；college大学。
13．A．far
B．around
C．beyond
D．forwards
解析：上下文语境题。go
beyond
超越，根据上下文可知他所做的远远超出(go
beyond)项目所要求的。go
far
成功；go
around四处走动；go
forwards前进。
14．A．assist
B．watch
C．urge
D．warn
解析：上文语境题。根据上文可知他不仅提供搭载服务，当学生遇到困难时，他也会帮助(assist)他们。watch观察；urge催促；warn警告。
15．A．expects
B．attempts
C．manages
D．hesitates
解析：上文语境题。根据上文语境可知，如果有学生饿了，他会毫不犹豫地(never
hesitate)给他们买饭。expect期待；attempt试图；manage管理。
16．A．extra
B．unusual
C．necessary
D．adequate
解析：下文语境题。根据下文可知这些帮助对于学生来说是很必要的(necessary)。extra额外的；unusual不寻常的；adequate
充足的。
17．A．share
B．fuel
C．repair
D．exchange
解析：上下文语境题。有些学生没有可靠的汽车，而有些学生不得不和父母共用一辆车，此处用share和后面的
with搭配。fuel加燃料；repair修理；exchange交流。
18．A．required
B．allowed
C．reminded
D．convinced
解析：上下文语境题。对于学生们而言，搭乘老人的车让他们能完成学业，allow
sb.to
do
sth.“允许某人做某事”。require需要；remind提醒；convince说服。
19．A．experience
B．arrangement
C．appreciation
D．employment
解析：下文语境题。根据下文他爱驾驶也爱孩子们可知，老人觉得自己也从帮助学生的经历(experience)中受益。arrangement安排；appreciation欣赏；employment职业。
20．A．effort
B．ambition
C．privilege
D．convenience
解析：上下文语境题。他觉得融入孩子们是一种荣幸(privilege)。和上文中的he
benefits
just
as
much
from
the
experience相呼应。effort努力；ambition雄心；convenience
便利。
C
(2019·浙江卷)
There
are
lots
of
ways
to
raise
awareness
for
a
cause.Usually，the
__1.C__
the
idea
is，the
more
it
gets
noticed.And
that's
precisely
why
one
__2.A__
Frenchman
has
caught
our
attention.
Baptiste
Dubanchet
is
biking
across
Europe，surviving
__3.C__
on
discarded(丢弃)food.The
three－month,1,900－mile
journey
from
Paris
to
Warsaw
is
Dubanchet's
__4.B__
of
raising
awareness
of
food
waste
in
Europe
and
throughout
the
world.
As
you
can
__5.B__，the
trip
is
no
piece
of
cake.While
restaurants
__6.D__
tons
of
food
each
year，much
of
it
remains
inaccessible
because
of
__7.A__
garbage
containers，health
regulations，or
business
policies.Only
about
one
in
ten
places
__8.B__
him
food
that
would
otherwise
be
discarded.For
legal
__9.A__，most
restaurants
have
a
policy
against
__10.B__
food
waste.“Some
people
have
even
__11.D__
their
jobs
by
giving
me
food，”
Dubanchet
said.
What's
__12.C__
interesting
is
the
attitude
various
cities
have
toward
Dubanchet's
cause.Berlin
has
been
the
__13.A__
while
the
most
difficult
was
the
Czech
town
of
Pilsen.There，he
had
to
__14.C__
at
some
50
different
stores
or
restaurants
before
finding
food.The
__15.D__
is
all
the
more
serious
when
you
consider
the
__16.C__
exercise
required
to
bike
from
France
to
Poland.
“I
have
to
get
food
__17.D__
because
after
all
the
biking
I
am
tired
and
I
need
the
__18.B__，”Dubanchet
explained.“Is
my
__19.A__
full
or
empty？That
is
the
most
important
thing，not
what
I
am
eating.”
He
aims
to
__20.D__
his
journey
by
mid－July.With
any
luck，he'll
turn
a
few
more
heads
in
the
process.
文章大意：主题：人与社会(社会服务与人际沟通)；话题：骑行途中吃丢弃食物以提高人们节约食物的意识。本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了为提高人们节约食物的意识，法国人Dubanchet
骑行穿越欧洲，途中靠人们丢弃的食物为生，并介绍了不同城市对食物垃圾的态度不同。该语篇旨在激发考生对食物浪费这一现象的思考。有的地区人们吃不饱，有的地区却存在着食物浪费现象，如何解决这一矛盾也是我们打赢脱贫攻坚战、实现共同富裕应该思考的问题。
1．A．cleverer
B．older
C．stranger
D．simpler
解析：下文语境题。引起人们对一项事业的关注有很多种方式。通常来说，想法越奇怪(stranger)，得到的关注也越多。根据下文所述，骑行过程中以垃圾为食是一种奇怪行为。clever聪明的；old年纪大的；simple简单的。
2．A．garbage－eating
B．sports－loving
C．food－wasting
D．law－breaking
解析：下文语境题。根据第二段的surviving...on
discarded
food(以丢弃的食物为食)可知，这个法国人靠捡垃圾为食。这就是一个吃垃圾的(garbage－eating)法国人引起我们注意的原因。sports－loving
热爱运动的；food－wasting
浪费食物的；law－breaking
违法的。
3．A．secretly
B．finally
C．entirely
D．probably
解析：上下文语境题。Baptiste
Dubanchet
骑行穿越欧洲，途中完全(entirely)靠吃人们丢弃的食物为生。secretly
秘密地；finally
最后；probably
很可能。
4．A．purpose
B．way
C．opinion
D．dream
解析：上文语境题。由第一段第一句“There
are
lots
of
ways
to
raise
awareness
for
a
cause.(引起人们对一项事业的关注有很多种方式)”可知，从巴黎到华沙，历时三个月，骑行1
900英里，这就是Dubanchet引起欧洲和世界对食物浪费这一现象的关注的方式(way)。purpose
目的；opinion观点；dream
梦想。
5．A．observe
B．imagine
C．suggest
D．remember
解析：上下文语境题。正如你能想象(imagine)的，这趟骑行之旅并不容易。observe观察；suggest建议；remember记起。
6．A．store
B．cook
C．shop
for
D．throw
away
解析：上下文语境题。根据上下文可知，饭店每年都要丢掉(throw
away)大量的食物。store
存储；cook
做饭；shop
for
购买。
7．A．locked
B．damaged
C．connected
D．abandoned
解析：上下文语境题。虽然饭店每年都会丢掉大量的食物，但由于垃圾箱被锁(locked)、健康法规或商业政策的限制，大部分被丢弃的食物是不容易获得的。
damage损坏；connect连接；abandon抛弃。
8．A．bought
B．offered
C．ordered
D．sold
解析：上下文语境题。只有大约十分之一的地方为他提供了(offered)会丢弃的食物。buy买；
order预订；sell
卖。
9．A．reasons
B．rights
C．fees
D．aids
解析：下文语境题。根据下文可知，送给别人被丢弃的食物是法律不允许的，因此此处指“出于法律原因(reasons)”。right权利；fee费用；aid
援助。
10．A．begging
for
B．giving
away
C．hiding
D．causing
解析：上下文语境题。大多数饭店都有政策禁止送给(give
away)别人被丢弃的食物。beg
for乞求；hide
隐藏；
cause
导致，造成。
11．A．did
B．kept
C．accepted
D．risked
解析：上下文语境题。有些人因为给“我”食物而冒着丢掉工作的风险(risk)。do做；keep
保持；accept接受。
12．A．hardly
B．usually
C．particularly
D．merely
解析：上下文语境题。特别(particularly)有趣的是，各个城市对Dubanchet事业的态度。hardly几乎不；usually通常；merely仅仅。
13．A．easiest
B．nearest
C．biggest
D．richest
解析：下文语境题。根据后面的while
the
most
difficult
was
the
Czech
town
of
Pilsen可知，前面应该是与最困难的对比，因此柏林是最容易(easiest)得到食物的城市。near距离近的；big大的；rich富裕的。
14．A．work
B．shout
C．ask
D．jump
解析：上下文语境题。在最难获得食物的镇上，他要询问(ask)大约50家不同的商店或餐馆，才能找到食物。
work工作；shout
大喊；jump
跳跃。
15．A．competition
B．conversation
C．conflict
D．challenge
解析：上下文语境题。大约50家商店或餐馆一家家询问有没有食物，对骑行者来说是一个挑战(challenge)。competition竞争；conversation对话；conflict矛盾。
16．A．adequate
B．rewarding
C．demanding
D．suitable
解析：下文语境题。从法国到波兰，对人来讲应该是费力的(demanding)锻炼。adequate
充足的；rewarding有益的，值得做的；suitable
合适的。
17．A．again
B．alone
C．later
D．fast
解析：上下文语境题。“我”不得不很快(fast)获得食物，因为骑行之后，“我”很累，需要……。again再一次，又一次；alone
单独；later后来。
18．A．spirit
B．energy
C．time
D．effort
解析：上文语境题。骑行之后很累，需要补充能量(energy)。spirit精神；time时间；effort
努力。
19．A．stomach
B．hand
C．pocket
D．basket
解析：上下文语境题。“我的肚子(stomach)是不是饱了？”这是最重要的，而不是“我”在吃什么。hand手；pocket口袋；basket篮子。
20．A．arrange
B．restart
C．report
D．finish
解析：上下文语境题。他打算在7月中旬完成(finish)他的旅行。arrange安排；restart
重新开始；report
报道。
D
(2019·江苏卷)
Wildlife
has
been
greatly
threatened
in
the
modern
age.There
are
species(物种)that
are
__1.D__
every
day.The
white－naped
crane
is
a
typical
example.So
scientists
are
trying
their
best
to
__2.B__
the
species
from
going
out
of
existence.
Chris
and
Tim
work
at
a
zoo，helping
endangered
cranes
with
their
__3.C__.Emma，a
female
crane，has
been
in
their
__4.A__
since
she
arrived
in
2004.
Born
at
an
international
crane
foundation，Emma
was
__5.C__
by
human
caretakers.This
led
to
an
unexpected
__6.B__，though
she
had
a
wonderful
time
there.Emma
had
__7.A__
taken
herself
as
a
crane
and
become
deeply
attached
to
humans.She
___8.B__
to
live
with
male
cranes，and
even
had
a
__9.D__
for
killing
some
of
them，which
made
it
__10.D__
for
her
to
become
a
mother.
__11.C__，the
two
zookeepers
didn't
want
to
see
the
extinction(灭绝)
of
this
precious
species.With
their
patience
and
efforts，they
successfully
developed
a
__12.A__
of
artificial
breeding(人工繁殖)and
natural
reproduction.This
__13.D__
Emma
to
give
birth
to
five
baby
cranes.
The
two
keepers
are
proud
of
their
productive
work.But
before
they
can
be
__14.C__，more
efforts
must
be
made，because
the
population
of
the
crane
in
the
wild
is
on
the
__15.D__，and
many
other
species
appear
headed
toward
extinction.__16.B__，not
everyone
has
realized
that
wildlife
has
thoughts，feelings，and
most
importantly，equal
rights
to
survive.
How
can
we
__17.B__
the
ever－widening
gap
that
separates
us
from
other
animals？Chris
and
Tim
offered
us
the
__18.C__：human
beings
took
it
for
granted
that
their
__19.A__
held
all
the
solutions，but
maybe
their
hearts
can
be
a
better
__20.A__.
文章大意：主题：人与自然(环境保护)；话题：拯救濒危动物。本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了人类为拯救濒危野生动物白枕鹤所做的努力。试题考查了考生在情感态度和价值观方面对语篇进行分析和阐释的能力，着重考查考生在掌握文章主旨大意和正确理解句与句、段与段之间的内在联系的基础上，准确运用动词、名词、形容词、副词等的能力。考生要发掘语篇主题意义和思想内涵，主人公在拯救濒危野生动物过程中遇到的挑战，以及他们迎难而上的精神，体悟正确选项在篇章中的不可替代性，即唯一性。
1．A．growing　　　　　　　　
B．migrating
C．competing
D．disappearing
解析：下文语境题。由后文列举的濒临灭绝的野生动物白枕鹤的例子可知，每天都有物种在消失(disappear)，故选D项。grow增长；migrate迁徙；compete竞争。
2．A．ban
B．save
C．split
D．remove
解析：下文语境题。由下文提到的Chris和Tim为拯救白枕鹤所做的努力可知，科学家们一直在尽最大努力拯救(save)这些物种免于灭绝。save
sb./sth.from
doing
sth.拯救某人/某物免于做某事，是固定搭配。ban
sb.from
doing
sth.禁止某人做某事；split分裂，使分开；remove移开，拿开。
3．A．abortion
B．recreation
C．reproduction
D．administration
解析：下文语境题。由第四段中的artificial
breeding
and
natural
reproduction(人工繁殖和自然繁殖)可知，这两位饲养员帮助濒危的白枕鹤繁殖(reproduction)。abortion人工流产；recreation娱乐，消遣；administration管理，施行。
4．A．care
B．eye
C．mind
D．story
解析：下文语境题。由下文的叙述可知，Chris和Tim在Emma来到动物园之后一直在照顾她。in
one's
care＝in
the
care
of
sb.由某人照管，是固定搭配。另外，下文中的human
caretakers也给出了提示。
5．A．found
B．chosen
C．raised
D．seized
解析：下文语境题。由下文中的become
deeply
attached
to
humans(变得非常依恋人类)可知，她是由人类饲养(raise)大的。
6．A．bonus
B．consequence
C．victory
D．sacrifice
解析：下文语境题。由后面though引导的让步状语从句的意思“尽管她在那里过得很愉快”可知，“她是由人类饲养大的”这一事实导致了意想不到的后果(consequence)。bonus奖金；victory胜利；sacrifice牺牲。
7．A．never
B．always
C．unluckily
D．cheerfully
解析：下文语境题。后面提到Emma变得非常依恋人类，由此可知，她从来不(never)把自己看作是一只鹤。always总是；unluckily不幸地；cheerfully高兴地。
8．A．liked
B．refused
C．decided
D．hesitated
解析：上下文语境题。既然Emma从来不把自己看作是一只鹤，那么她会拒绝(refuse)与雄鹤一起生活。like喜欢；decide决定；hesitate犹豫。
9．A．gift
B．skill
C．concern
D．reputation
解析：上下文语境题。Emma非常依恋人类，她从来不把自己看作是一只鹤，拒绝与雄鹤一起生活，甚至会杀死一些雄鹤，并因此出了名。have
a
reputation
for有……的名声，是固定搭配。gift天赋，才能；skill技能，技巧；concern关心，关注。
10．A．illegal
B．inspiring
C．important
D．impossible
解析：上下文语境题。Emma拒绝与雄鹤一起生活，因此她就不可能(impossible)成为母亲。illegal不合法的；inspiring鼓舞人心的；important重要的。
11．A．Therefore
B．Moreover
C．However
D．Instead
解析：逻辑关系题。“她不可能成为母亲”与“这两位动物园饲养员不想看到这一珍稀物种灭绝”是语意上的转折关系，故选however(然而)。therefore因此；moreover而且；instead代替，而不是。
12．A．combination
B．collection
C．strategy
D．system
解析：上下文语境题。人工繁殖和自然繁殖是两种繁殖方式，此处指动物园饲养员把这两种方式成功地结合起来了，故选combination(结合，联合)。collection收集；strategy策略；system系统。
13．A．forced
B．forbade
C．taught
D．enabled
解析：上下文语境题。这种结合使Emma生了五只幼鹤。enable
sb.to
do
sth.使某人做某事，是固定搭配，且符合此处的语境。force
sb.to
do
sth.迫使某人做某事，语气强烈，forbid
sb.to
do
sth.禁止某人做某事，teach
sb.to
do
sth.教某人做某事，不符合此处的语境。
14．A．defeated
B．grateful
C．assured
D．tolerant
解析：上下文语境题。由but表示的转折含义以及后面提到的“必须付出更多的努力”可知，他们现在还不能确定(assured)。defeated被击败的；grateful感激的；tolerant容忍的。
15．A．list
B．rise
C．agenda
D．decline
解析：上下文语境题。他们必须付出更多的努力，因为野生白枕鹤的数量在下降(on
the
decline)，许多其他物种面临灭绝。list清单；rise上升；agenda议事日程。
16．A．In
contrast
B．After
all
C．By
the
way
D．On
the
contrary
解析：上下文语境题。出现这种情况的原因是，毕竟(after
all)不是每个人都意识到野生动物有思想、有感情，最重要的是，还有平等的生存权利。in
contrast相比之下；by
the
way顺便说一下；on
the
contrary相反。
17．A．leave
B．bridge
C．open
D．identify
解析：上下文语境题。我们怎样才能弥合我们与其他动物之间日益扩大的鸿沟呢？
bridge
the
gap消除隔阂/鸿沟/分歧，是固定搭配。
18．A．course
B．excuse
C．answer
D．reward
解析：上下文语境题。Chris和Tim就我们怎样才能弥合我们与其他动物之间日益扩大的鸿沟的问题提供了答案(answer)，因为他们的努力已经有了回报。course课程；excuse借口；reward奖赏。
19．A．brains
B．behaviors
C．services
D．projects
解析：上下文语境题。上文提到不是每个人都意识到野生动物有思想、有感情，最重要的是，还有平等的生存权利，人类理所当然地认为他们的大脑(brain)拥有所有的解决方案。behavior行为；service服务；project工程。
20．A．guide
B．treat
C．example
D．companion
解析：上文语境题。人类理所当然地认为他们的大脑拥有所有的解决方案，但也许他们的心可以成为一个更好的向导(guide)。treat款待；example例子；companion同伴。
E
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
During
my
second
year
at
the
city
college，I
was
told
that
the
education
department
was
offering
a
“free”
course，called
Thinking
Chess，for
three
credits.I
_1.B__
the
idea
of
taking
the
class
because，after
all，who
doesn't
want
to
_2.C__
a
few
dollars？More
than
that，I'd
always
wanted
to
learn
chess.And，even
if
I
weren't
_3.A__
enough
about
free
credits，news
about
our
_4.D__
was
appealing
enough
to
me.He
was
an
international
grandmaster，which
_5.D__
I
would
be
learning
from
one
of
the
game's
_6.C__.I
could
hardly
wait
to
_7.B__
him.
Maurice
Ashley
was
kind
and
smart，a
former
graduate
returning
to
teach，and
this
_8.D__
was
no
game
for
him；he
meant
business.In
his
introduction，he
made
it
_9.C__
that
our
credits
would
be
hard－earned.In
order
to
_10.B__
the
class，among
other
criteria，we
had
to
write
a
paper
on
how
we
plan
to
_11.C__
what
we
would
learn
in
class
to
our
future
professions
and，_12.A__，to
our
lives.I
managed
to
get
an
A
in
that
_13.C__
and
learned
life
lessons
that
have
served
me
well
beyond
the
_14.B__.
Ten
years
after
my
chess
class
with
Ashley，I'm
still
putting
to
use
what
he
_15.A__
me：“The
absolute
most
important
_16.D__
that
you
learn
when
you
play
chess
is
how
to
make
good
_17.B__.On
every
single
move
you
have
to
_18.A__
a
situation，process
what
your
opponent
(对手)
is
doing
and
_19.D__
the
best
move
from
among
all
your
options.”
These
words
still
ring
true
today
in
my
_20.A__
as
a
journalist.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过学习国际象棋学会了如何正确地做决定。
1．A．put
forward　　　　　　
B．jumped
at
C．tried
out
D．turned
down
解析：上下文语境题。根据上文中的offering
a
“free”
course，called
Thinking
Chess，for
three
credits以及下文中的I'd
always
wanted
to
learn
chess可知，参加国际象棋课程是免费的并且可以获得三个学分，而且“我”一直想学国际象棋，由此可知“我”迫不及待地接受(jump
at)了这个主意。put
forward提出；try
out试验；turn
down拒绝。
2．A．waste
B．earn
C．save
D．pay
解析：上文语境题。联系上文中的a
“free”
course可知，这是免费的课程，因此可以节省(save)几美元。
3．A．excited
B．worried
C．moved
D．tired
解析：下文语境题。联系下文中的appealing
enough
to
me可知，即使免费获得学分这件事不足以让“我”兴奋(excited)，也有其他事情对“我”有足够的吸引力。
4．A．title
B．competitor
C．textbook
D．instructor
解析：下文语境题。联系下文he
was
an
international
grandmaster(他是一位国际象棋大师)可知，国际象棋课程的导师(instructor)足以吸引“我”。title标题；competitor对手；textbook课本。
5．A．urged
B．demanded
C．held
D．meant
解析：上下文语境题。国际象棋课程的导师是国际象棋大师，这就意味着(mean)“我”将跟随下国际象棋最好的人学习。urge强烈要求；demand
(坚决)要求；hold认为。
6．A．fastest
B．easiest
C．best
D．rarest
解析：上文语境题。联系上文中的international
grandmaster可知，他是下国际象棋最好的(best)人之一。
7．A．interview
B．meet
C．challenge
D．beat
解析：上文语境题。联系上文可知，国际象棋课程的导师吸引着“我”，所以“我”迫不及待地想见到(meet)他。interview采访，面试；challenge挑战；beat击败。
8．A．chance
B．qualification
C．honor
D．job
解析：下文语境题。联系空后的was
no
game
for
him;
he
meant
business可知，这项工作(job)对他而言不是游戏，而是正经职业。chance机会；qualification资格；honor荣誉。
9．A．real
B．perfect
C．clear
D．possible
解析：下文语境题。联系空后的that
our
credits
would
be
hard－earned可知，他向我们明确表示
(make
it
clear
that)
这个学分很难获得。
10．A．attend
B．pass
C．skip
D．observe
解析：下文语境题。联系下文we
had
to
write
a
paper可知，为了通过(pass)这门课程我们要写论文。attend参加；skip跳过；observe观察。
11．A．add
B．expose
C．apply
D．compare
解析：下文语境题。联系空后的to
our
future
professions可知，我们的论文是关于我们打算如何将所学的东西应用(apply)
到未来的职业的。apply...to...将……应用到……，符合语境。add...to...向……添加……；expose...to...使……暴露在……；compare...to...把……比作……。
12．A．eventually
B．naturally
C．directly
D．normally
解析：下文语境题。联系空后的
to
our
lives
可知，最终(eventually)要应用到我们的生活中。naturally自然地；directly直接地；normally正常地。
13．A．game
B．presentation
C．course
D．experiment
解析：上文语境题。联系空前的I
managed
to
get
an
A可知，“我”在国际象棋课程(course)上获得了A。game游戏；presentation报告；experiment
实验。
14．A．criterion
B．classroom
C．department
D．situation
解析：上文语境题。联系空前的life
lessons
that
have
served
me
well可知，“我”从中学到了课堂(classroom)之外的生活课程。criterion标准；department部门；situation状况。
15．A．taught
B．wrote
C．questioned
D．promised
解析：下文语境题。分析语境可知，引号中的内容是导师说的话，也就是他教(teach)“我”的东西。write写；question询问；promise答应。
16．A．fact
B．step
C．manner
D．skill
解析：下文语境题。联系空后的you
learn
when
you
play
chess
is
how
to
make
good
_________
(decisions)可知，这里是指学到的最重要的技能(skill)。
17．A．grades
B．decisions
C．impressions
D．comments
解析：下文语境题。联系下文中的the
best
move
from
among
all
your
options可知，这里指做出正确的决定(decision)。grade分数；impression印象；comment评论。
18．A．analyze
B．describe
C．rebuild
D．control
解析：下文语境题。联系空后的a
situation，process
what
your
opponent
is
doing可知，这里指分析(analyze)形势。describe描述；rebuild重建；control控制。
19．A．announce
B．signal
C．block
D．evaluate
解析：下文语境题。联系空后的the
best
move
from
among
all
your
options可知，要从你所有的选择中评估(evaluate)出最好的一步。announce宣布；signal示意；block堵住。
20．A．role
B．desire
C．concern
D．behavior
解析：下文语境题。联系空后的as
a
journalist可知，今天这些话对于“我”作为记者的角色(role)仍然是真实有用的。desire渴望；concern担心；behavior举止。
F
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)
Two
weeks
earlier，my
son，Ben，had
got
in
touch.He'd
moved
to
England
with
his
mum
when
he
was
three
and
it
had
been
13
years
since
I'd
_1.D__
seen
him.So
imagine
my
_2.A__
when
he
emailed
me
saying
he
wanted
to
come
to
visit
me.
I
was
_3.C__！
I
arrived
early
at
Byron
Bay
where
we
were
supposed
to
_4.C__.The
bay
was
_5.A__
in
sunshine,
and
there
was
a
group
of
kayakers
around
150m
off
the
shore.Getting
a
little
_6.B__，I
realized
one
kayak
(皮划艇)
was
in
_7.A__.“Something's
not
_8.B__！”I
took
off
my
T－shirt
and
_9.C__
into
the
water.I
saw
there
were
two
instructors
on
board
and
a
man
lying
across
the
middle.He
was
_10.D__
violently.Linking
arms
with
one
of
the
instructors，I
helped
_11.C__
the
young
man
out
of
the
water.He
was
unconscious
and
as
I
looked
at
his
face，something
_12.B__
to
me.Those
brown
eyes
were
very
_13.D__.“What's
his
name？”I
asked
the
instructor.“Ben，”he
replied，and
immediately
I
_14.D__.That
stranger
was
my
son!
The
instructors
called
for
an
ambulance._15.A__，after
a
brief
stay
in
hospital，Ben
was
well
enough
to
be
allowed
to
_16.D__
and
later
the
family
met
up
for
dinner.We
chatted
about
everything
and
then
Ben
_17.B__
to
me.“I
just
want
to
say
thank
you，”he
said.“You
_18.C__
my
life！”
I
still
can't
believe
what
a
_19.A__
it
was.I'm
just
so
glad
I
was
there
_20.B__
to
help
my
son.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。作者到约定的地方去见自己13年没见面的儿子，却在那里遇到有人溺水。勇敢的作者下水救人，出乎意料的是，得救的年轻人正是自己的儿子。作者感慨世事难料，认为这种巧合是冥冥之中注定的。
1．A．also　　　　　　　
B．often
C．even
D．last
解析：上文语境题。前文说作者的儿子本3岁时就离开了作者，因此这里表示“自从我上次见他到现在已经13年了”，用last表示“上次”。also也，还；often经常；even甚至。
2．A．delight
B．relief
C．anger
D．worry
解析：上下文语境题。前文提到作者已经13年没见过自己的儿子了，因此儿子发来电子邮件，说要来看望作者，作者应该感到“快乐
(delight)”，而不是“轻松(relief)”“愤怒(anger)”或“担心(worry)”。
3．A．scared
B．shocked
C．thrilled
D．ashamed
解析：上下文语境题。13年未见的儿子要来看望作者，作者感到高兴，因此选thrilled表示“激动的”，后面的arrived
early也给出了提示。scared害怕的；shocked震惊的；ashamed
难为情的。
4．A．talk
B．stay
C．meet
D．settle
解析：上文语境题。前文提到作者的儿子要来看望自己，因此作者来到他们约定见面(meet)的地方。talk谈话；stay停留；settle解决。
5．A．bathed
B．clean
C．deep
D．formed
解析：固定搭配题。此处意为“海湾沐浴在阳光中”，be
bathed
in表示“沐浴在……中”。clean清洁的；deep深的；form组成。
6．A．faster
B．closer
C．heavier
D．wiser
解析：上下文语境题。上文提到这些皮划艇离岸边约有150米远，下文提到作者注意到有意外的情况发生，因此这里用get
closer，表示“走得更近一些”。faster更快；heavier更重；wiser更明智。
7．A．trouble
B．advance
C．question
D．battle
解析：下文语境题。下文提到作者把那个年轻人从水里救出来(the
young
man
out
of
the
water)时，那个年轻人昏迷不醒(unconscious)，由此判断选A，in
trouble表示“有麻烦”。in
advance提前；in
question有疑问；in
battle在战斗中。
8．A．real
B．right
C．fair
D．fit
解析：上文语境题。上文提到有一艘皮划艇有麻烦，因此这里用something's
not
right表示“有情况不对劲”。real真正的；fair公正的；fit健康的。
9．A．stared
B．sank
C．dived
D．fell
解析：上下文语境题。上文提到作者脱掉T恤衫，下文提到到水里(into
the
water)，因此这里表示作者跳进(dive)水里救人。stare盯着看；sink下沉；fall落入。
10．A．arguing
B．fighting
C．shouting
D．shaking
解析：上下文语境题。上文提到作者跳进水里，下文提到那个年轻人昏迷不醒，因此这里表示年轻人在水中浑身剧烈地颤抖，选shaking。argue辩论；fight打斗；shout喊叫。
11．A．lead
B．persuade
C．carry
D．keep
解析：上下文语境题。根据前文的linking
arms
with和下文提到的out
of
the
water可知，作者和一个教练员双臂连接，帮着把那个年轻人从水里救到岸上，用carry表示“抬”。lead带领；persuade说服；keep保持。
12．A．happened
B．occurred
C．applied
D．appealed
解析：固定搭配题。下文提到被救的年轻人正是作者13年没见面的儿子，因此这里表示作者看着昏迷不醒的年轻人，突然想到一件事，用something
occurred
to
sb.表示“某人突然想到某事”。something
happened
to
sb.某事发生在某人身上；apply
to
sb.向某人提出申请；appeal
to
sb.对某人有吸引力。
13．A．sharp
B．pleasant
C．attractive
D．familiar
解析：下文语境题。下文提到被救者是作者的儿子，因此这里表示在作者眼里，对方的褐色眼睛看起来很熟悉(familiar)。sharp尖锐的；pleasant令人愉快的；attractive吸引人的。
14．A．agreed
B．hesitated
C．doubted
D．knew
解析：上文语境题。上文提到作者对这个年轻人的褐色眼睛很熟悉，教练告诉作者这个人的名字是本，于是作者马上明白了(know)。agree同意；hesitate犹豫；doubt怀疑。
15．A．Fortunately
B．Frankly
C．Sadly
D．Suddenly
解析：下文语境题。下文提到本在医院里待了很短时间就康复了，这是幸运的事(fortunately)。frankly坦率地；sadly悲伤地；suddenly突然。
16．A．return
B．relax
C．speak
D．leave
解析：上文语境题。上文提到本在医院里待了很短时间(a
brief
stay)身体就恢复健康了(well
enough)，这里表示他可以出院了(leave)。return返回；relax放松；speak说话。
17．A．joked
B．turned
C．listened
D．pointed
解析：上下文语境题。上文提到作者和儿子聊天的时候无所不谈(chat
about
everything)，下文提到儿子表达对作者的感激之情，因此这里表示本转向(turn
to)作者要对他说话。joke开玩笑；listen听；point指向。
18．A．created
B．honored
C．saved
D．guided
解析：上文语境题。上文提到作者帮助教练把本从水中救上来，因此此处选save表示“挽救，救”。create创造；honor尊敬；guide指引。
19．A．coincidence
B．change
C．pity
D．pain
解析：上文语境题。从故事情节的发展来看，作者去与13年没见面的儿子会面，结果在水中救起溺水者，这个溺水者正是自己的儿子，这简直太巧了。故选coincidence，表示“巧合的事”。change变化；pity遗憾；pain疼痛。
20．A．on
board
B．in
time
C．for
sure
D．on
purpose
解析：上文语境题。这里表示作者感慨自己及时出现在事故现场帮助了自己的儿子，因此选in
time表示“及时”。on
board在船(或飞机、火车)上；for
sure确信；on
purpose故意地。
G
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
When
most
of
us
get
a
text
message
on
our
cell
phone
from
an
unknown
person，we
usually
say
“sorry，_1.D__
number！”
and
move
on.But
when
Dennis
Williams
_2.A__
a
text
that
clearly
wasn't
intended
for
him，he
did
something
_3.B__.
On
March
19，Dennis
got
a
group
text
_4.C__
him
that
a
couple
he
didn't
know
were
at
the
hospital，waiting
for
the
_5.D__
of
a
baby.
“Congratulations！But
I
think
someone
was
mistaken，”
Dennis
_6.A__.The
baby
was
born
and
update
texts
were
_7.A__
quickly
from
the
overjoyed
grandmother，Teresa.In
her
_8.C__，she
didn't
seem
to
realize
that
she
was
_9.D__
the
baby's
photos
with
a
complete
stranger.“Well，I
don't
_10.B__
you
all
but
I
will
get
there
to
take
pictures
with
the
baby，”
replied
Dennis
before
asking
which
room
the
new
_11.A__
were
in.
Much
to
the
family's
surprise，Dennis
stuck
to
his
_12.B__！He
turned
up
at
the
hospital
_13.A__
gifts
for
the
new
mother
Lindsey
and
her
baby
boy.Lindsey's
husband
was
totally
_14.C__
by
the
unexpected
visit.“I
don't
think
we
would
have
randomly
invited
him
over
but
we
_15.C__
it
and
the
gifts.”
Teresa
_16.D__
a
photo
of
the
chance
meeting
on
a
social
networking
website
_17.D__
by
the
touching
words：“What
a
_18.B__
this
young
man
was
to
our
family！He
was
so
_19.C__
and
kind
to
do
this.”
The
post
has
since
gained
the
_20.B__
of
social
media
users
all
over
the
world，receiving
more
than
184,000
shares
and
61,500
likes
in
just
three
days.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。大多数人收到陌生人发来的信息时，往往只是提醒对方弄错了号码。而本文的主人公丹尼斯在收到一条陌生人发来的信息后却做了不同寻常的事。他做了什么事呢？他的所作所为对别人产生了什么影响呢？让我们赶快来读这篇文章吧！
1．A．unlucky　　　　　　
B．secret
C．new
D．wrong
解析：上文语境题。
联系前文的unknown
person(不认识的人)可知，这可能是错误的(wrong)电话号码。unlucky不幸的；secret秘密的；new新的。
2．A．received
B．translated
C．copied
D．printed
解析：上文语境题。联系前文的get
a
text
message(收到一条信息)可知，此处表示丹尼斯·威廉姆斯收到(receive)了一条很明显本不是发给他的信息。translate翻译；copy抄写；print印刷。
3．A．reasonable
B．special
C．necessary
D．practical
解析：上下文语境题。前面提到，大多数人收到陌生人发来的信息时，通常只是提醒对方弄错了号码。再由后文可知，丹尼斯做了不同寻常的(special)事情。reasonable合情合理的；necessary必要的；practical实用的。
4．A．convincing
B．reminding
C．informing
D．warning
解析：词义辨析题。由语境可知，此处表示丹尼斯收到一条群发信息，告知(inform)他一对他不认识的夫妇在医院里等待一个婴儿的出生。convince说服；remind提醒；warn警告，提醒。发信息应是告知某人某事。
5．A．wake－up
B．recovery
C．growth
D．arrival
解析：下文语境题。由下一段中的the
baby
was
born可知，他们在等待着一个婴儿的到来(arrival)。wake－up醒来；recovery恢复，康复；growth成长。
6．A．responded
B．interrupted
C．predicted
D．repeated
解析：上文语境题。
联系空前的I
think
someone
was
mistaken可知，丹尼斯回复了(respond)信息。interrupt打断；predict预测；repeat重复。
7．A．coming
in
B．setting
out
C．passing
down
D．moving
around
解析：上下文语境题。由上下文可知，新生儿的祖母因为孩子的出生非常高兴，所以群发了一条信息。come
in到来；set
out
出发；pass
down传递；move
around四处移动。故选A。
8．A．opinion
B．anxiety
C．excitement
D．effort
解析：上文语境题。由上文的overjoyed可知，新生儿的祖母因为兴奋(excitement)所以把信息发错了对象。opinion意见，看法；anxiety焦虑；effort努力。
9．A．comparing
B．exchanging
C．discussing
D．sharing
解析：上文语境题。由前文内容可知，新生儿的祖母发错了信息，跟陌生人分享(share)了婴儿的照片。compare比较；exchange交流，交换；discuss讨论。
10．A．accept
B．know
C．believe
D．bother
解析：上文语境题。由前文的a
complete
stranger可知，丹尼斯不认识(know)新生儿一家人。accept接受；believe
相信；bother打扰。
11．A．parents
B．doctors
C．patients
D．visitors
解析：上文语境题。由第二段中的a
couple
he
didn't
know
were
at
the
hospital，waiting
for
the
arrival
of
a
baby可知，此处是指那对初为人父母(parents)的夫妇。doctor医生；patient病人；visitor参观者。由语境可知，选A。
12．A．dream
B．promise
C．agenda
D．principle
解析：上文语境题。前文提到丹尼斯回复说，他尽管不认识新生儿一家人，还是要到医院跟新生儿合影。此处表示令新生儿一家人想不到的是，丹尼斯说到做到，出现在了医院里。由语境可知，他答应(promise)做的事情做到了。dream梦想；agenda议事日程；principle原则。
13．A．bearing
B．collecting
C．opening
D．making
解析：上下文语境题。由语境可知，丹尼斯出现在医院里，并且给那位妈妈和刚出生的男婴带(bear)了礼物。collect收集；open打开；make制作。
14．A．discouraged
B．relaxed
C．astonished
D．defeated
解析：上文语境题。由上文的much
to
the
family's
surprise可知，Lindsey的丈夫根本没有想到丹尼斯会去医院。句意：意外的来访令Lindsey的丈夫很吃惊(astonished)。discourage使气馁；relax放松；defeat打败，击败，均不符合语境。
15．A．admit
B．need
C．appreciate
D．expect
解析：上下文语境题。由语境可知，虽然新生儿一家人没想到偶然邀请了一个陌生人，但是还是感激(appreciate)他和他的礼物。admit承认；need需要；expect预料，盼望。
16．A．found
B．selected
C．developed
D．posted
解析：下文语境题。由空后的on
a
social
networking
website可知，丹尼斯把这次偶然见面的照片发布(post)到网上。文章最后也提到了the
post。find发现；select选择，精挑细选；develop发展，开发。
17．A．confirmed
B．simplified
C．clarified
D．accompanied
解析：上下文语境题。丹尼斯把照片发到了网上，并且配上(accompany)了感人的话语。confirm确认；simplify
使简化；clarify澄清。
18．A．pity
B．blessing
C．relief
D．problem
解析：上文语境题。由上文内容可知，丹尼斯的来访令新生儿一家人很吃惊，他们很感激他，他的来访对新生儿一家人来说是一件幸事(blessing)。pity遗憾；relief减轻(痛苦等)；problem问题。
19．A．smart
B．calm
C．sweet
D．fair
解析：上文语境题。smart聪明的，精明的；calm冷静的；sweet甜的，友好的；fair公平的。根据语境可知，四个选项中与kind并列的是sweet。句意：他做这件事真是太友好和善良了。
20．A．sympathy
B．attention
C．control
D．trust
解析：下文语境题。由空后的receiving
more
than
184,000
shares
and
61,500
likes
in
just
three
days可知，这个帖子引起了全世界社交媒体用户的关注(attention)。sympathy同情，同情心；control控制；trust信任。
H
(2018·北京卷)
The
Homeless
Hero
For
many，finding
an
unattended
wallet
filled
with
￡400
in
cash
would
be
a
source(来源)
of
temptation(诱惑)．But
the
_1.C__
would
no
doubt
be
greater
if
you
were
living
on
the
streets
with
little
food
and
money.All
of
this
makes
the
actions
of
the
homeless
Tom
Smith
_2.B__
more
remarkable.
After
spotting
a
_3.A__
on
the
front
seat
inside
a
parked
car
with
its
window
down，he
stood
guard
in
the
rain
for
about
two
hours
waiting
for
the
_4.C__
to
return.
After
hours
in
the
cold
and
wet，he
_5.D__
inside
and
pulled
the
wallet
out
hoping
to
find
some
ID
so
he
could
contact(联系)
the
driver，only
to
_6.A__
it
contained
￡400
in
notes，with
another
￡50
in
spare
change
beside
it.
He
then
took
the
wallet
to
a
nearby
police
station
after
_7.B__
a
note
behind
to
let
the
owner
know
it
was
safe.When
the
car's
owner
John
Anderson
and
his
colleague
Carol
Lawrence
returned
to
the
car—which
was
itself
worth
￡35,000—in
Glasgow
city
centre，they
were
_8.D__
to
find
two
policemen
standing
next
to
it.The
policemen
told
them
what
Mr.Smith
did
and
that
the
wallet
was
_9.A__.
The
pair
were
later
able
to
thank
Mr.Smith
for
his
_10.C__.
Mr.Anderson
said：“I
couldn't
believe
that
the
guy
never
took
a
penny.To
think
he
is
sleeping
on
the
streets
tonight
_11.A__
he
could
have
stolen
the
money
and
paid
for
a
place
to
stay
in.This
guy
has
nothing
and
_12.B__
he
didn't
take
the
wallet
for
himself；he
thought
about
others
_13.D__.It's
unbelievable.It
just
proves
there
are
_14.A__
guys
out
there.”
Mr.Smith's
act
_15.D__
much
of
the
public's
attention.He
also
won
praise
from
social
media
users
after
Mr.Anderson
_16.B__
about
the
act
of
kindness
on
Facebook.
Now
Mr.Anderson
has
set
up
an
online
campaign
to
_17.B__
money
for
Mr.Smith
and
other
homeless
people
in
the
area，which
by
yesterday
had
received
￡8,000.“I
think
the
faith
that
everyone
has
shown
_18.D__
him
has
touched
him.People
have
been
approaching
him
in
the
street；he's
had
job
_19.C__
and
all
sorts，”
Mr.Anderson
commented.
For
Mr.Smith，this
is
a
possible
life－changing
_20.C__.The
story
once
again
tells
us
that
one
good
turn
deserves
another.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。主题是“人与社会”。一个无家可归的人，面对钱包中唾手可得的现金，做出的选择却是在寒冷和雨水中守候，最后将钱包交给警察，此举真的令人感动，让人肃然起敬。选材旨在告诉考生平凡的善举却蕴含着人性的光辉，要做好事，行善举。
1．A．hope
B．aim
C．urge
D．effort
解析：下文语境题。根据下文的greater以及if...with
little
food
and
money可知，应该选C项，这是作者做的假设：如果你露宿街头，食不果腹又几乎没有什么钱，那么看到那么多的钱时，对钱的欲望(urge)无疑会更大。
2．A．still
B．even
C．ever
D．once
解析：下文语境题。所选单词作状语，修饰比较级，表示more
remarkable的程度，结合此分析可知应该选B项even“甚至”。
3．A．wallet
B．bag
C．box
D．parcel
解析：上下文语境题。根据第一段第一句中的wallet和第三段中的he_________
inside
and
pulled
the
wallet
out可知，此处指发现一个“钱包”，应该选A项，汤姆·史密斯发现在开着车窗的汽车的前排座位上有个钱包。
4．A．partner
B．colleague
C．owner
D．policeman
解析：上下文语境题。由空格后面的to
return并结合下文he
could
contact
the
driver和第四段中的the
car's
owner
John
Anderson
and
his
colleague
Carol
Lawrence
returned
to
the
car可知，汤姆·史密斯在雨中等候钱包的“主人”(owner)回来，故选C项。
5．A．turned
B．hid
C．stepped
D．reached
解析：下文语境题。根据空后的inside可知，是指车内，再结合下文的pulled
the
wallet
out可知，应该选D项，汤姆·史密斯“伸”(reach)手往车里够，拿出了那个钱包。
6．A．discover
B．collect
C．check
D．believe
解析：上下文语境题。汤姆·史密斯想在钱包里找到一些能够证明主人身份的东西，却“意外发现”(only
to
discover)钱包里有400英镑的纸钞和50英镑的零钱，选项中的discover是find的同义词。
7．A．taking
B．leaving
C．reading
D．writing
解析：下文语境题。根据空格后面的to
let
the
owner
know
it
was
safe可知，汤姆·史密斯拿走了钱包并且给车主“留”(leave)了言，告诉车主钱包是安全的。
8．A．satisfied
B．excited
C．amused
D．shocked
解析：下文语境题。根据空格后面的to
find
two
policemen
standing
next
to
it可知，车主看到警察站在车旁边应该是感到“震惊”(shocked)。
9．A．safe
B．missing
C．found
D．seen
解析：词汇复现题。前面提及汤姆·史密斯留言给车主，说钱包是安全的。此处表示警察告诉了车主汤姆·史密斯的所作所为，并且说钱包是“安全的”(safe)。
10．A．service
B．support
C．kindness
D．encouragement
解析：上文语境题。根据上文汤姆·史密斯保护车主钱财安全的感人举动可知，车主后来对汤姆·史密斯的“善举”(kindness)表达了谢意。下文的“...Mr.Anderson
_________
about
the
act
of
kindness
on
Facebook.”也是很好的佐证。
11．A．when
B．if
C．where
D．because
解析：上下文语境题。根据句意尤其是空前的时间状语tonight可知，汤姆·史密斯本来可以偷走这些钱，花钱找个地方住下，而不用露宿街头，但是他并没有这样做。when在此处表示让步，意为“虽然，尽管”。
12．A．rather
B．yet
C．already
D．just
解析：语意逻辑题。汤姆·史密斯身无分文，但是他并没有偷走钱包，此处在语意上是转折关系，故用yet(可是，但是)。
13．A．too
B．though
C．again
D．instead
解析：语意逻辑题。汤姆·史密斯虽然一无所有，但并没有把钱包据为己有，“而是”(instead)为他人着想。instead与前文的not相呼应。
14．A．honest
B．polite
C．rich
D．generous
解析：上文语境题。上文说汤姆·史密斯虽然一无所有，但遇到钱财，毫无私心，这是“诚实的”(honest)表现。generous“大度的，慷慨的”，汤姆·史密斯本身一无所有，谈不上“慷慨”。
15．A．gave
B．paid
C．cast
D．drew
解析：下文语境题。根据后面一句“He
also
won
praise
from
social
media
users...”可知，汤姆·史密斯的善举“引起”(draw)了公众的极大关注。
16．A．learned
B．posted
C．cared
D．heard
解析：下文语境题。根据下文的on
Facebook并结合介词about后的宾语可知，车主安德森先生把汤姆·史密斯的善举“发布”(post)到了脸书上。
17．A．borrow
B．raise
C．save
D．earn
解析：上下文语境题。汤姆·史密斯虽然一无所有，但他的善举感动了安德森先生和公众，所以他们为汤姆·史密斯和这一地区其他无家可归的人“筹”(raise)钱，这是对他的善举的回报，是合乎情理的。
18．A．of
B．at
C．for
D．in
解析：固定搭配题。show
faith
in
sb.对某人表示信任。
19．A．details
B．changes
C．offers
D．applications
解析：上下文语境题。结合上文的叙述和空格后的and
all
sorts可知，安德森先生发起募捐后人们积极响应，很多人在街上走近汤姆·史密斯，为他提供各种各样的工作机会。
20．A．lesson
B．adventure
C．chance
D．challenge
解析：上下文语境题。this指代前面汤姆·史密斯得到的回报，这一切对他来说可能是改变一生的好“机会”(chance)——有了工作就不用露宿街头了，这真是好人有好报。
I
(2017年11月浙江)
A
young
English
teacher
saved
the
lives
of
30
students
when
he
took
_1.A__
of
a
bus
after
its
driver
suffered
a
serious
heart
attack.Guy
Harvold,
24,
had
_2.B__
the
students
and
three
course
leaders
from
Gatwick
airport,
and
they
were
travelling
to
Bournemouth
to
_3.D__
their
host
families.They
were
going
to
_4.C__
a
course
at
the
ABC
Language
School
in
Bournemouth
where
Harvold
works
as
a
_5.D__.
Harvold,
who
has
not
_6.C__
his
driving
test,
said，“I
realized
the
bus
was
out
of
control
when
I
was
_7.A__
the
students.”
The
bus
ran
into
trees
at
the
side
of
the
road
and
he
_8.B__
the
driver
was
slumped
(倒伏)
over
the
wheel.The
driver
didn't
_9.C__.He
was
unconscious.The
bus
_10.D__
a
lamp
post
and
it
broke
the
glass
on
the
front
door
before
Harvold
_11.D__
to
bring
the
bus
to
a
stop.Police
_12.C__
the
young
teacher's
quick
thinking.If
he
hadn't
_13.B__
quickly,
there
could
have
been
a
terrible
_14.B__.
The
bus
driver
never
regained
consciousness
and
died
at
East
Surrey
Hospital.He
had
worked
regularly
with
the
_15.C__
and
was
very
well
regarded
by
the
teachers
and
students.Harvold
said，“I
was
_16.A__
that
no
one
else
was
hurt,
but
I
hoped
the
driver
would
_17.A__.”
The
head
of
the
language
school
told
the
local
newspaper
that
the
school
is
going
to
send
Harvold
on
a
weekend
_18.B__
to
Dublin
with
a
friend,
thanking
him
for
his
_19.A__.A
local
driving
school
has
also
offered
him
six
_20.D__
driving
lessons.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了英语老师Harvold带学生去寄宿家庭的途中，碰到司机突发疾病，在巴士即将失控的情况下，Harvold老师面对危险，临危不惧，沉着冷静，成功地控制了巴士使其停下，勇敢地挽救了全车师生的英雄事迹。
1．A．control
B．care
C．advantage
D．note
解析：根据前两段的内容，特别是第二段中的“Harvold
__11__
to
bring
the
bus
to
a
stop”可知，巴士司机突发心脏病，Harvold老师控制了巴士。take
control
of是固定词组，表示“控制，掌管”，故选control。take
care
of“照顾，照料”；take
advantage
of“利用”；take
note
of“注意到，将……铭记在心”。
2．A．taken
in
B．picked
up
C．tracked
down
D．helped
out
解析：24岁的Harvold老师当天的任务是从Gatwick机场接(picked
up)学生和课程负责人并带他们去Bournemouth与他们的寄宿家庭见面。take
in“收留，欺骗”；track
down“(经过长时间艰难搜索后)找到”；help
out“帮助……做事，帮助某人摆脱(困境)”。
3．A．greet
B．thank
C．invite
D．meet
解析：参见上题解析。此处meet表示“与……见面”，符合语境。greet“问候，迎接，招呼”。
4．A．present
B．introduce
C．take
D．organize
解析：这些学生要去ABC语言学校参加课程学习，此处take表示“参加(课程)学习”。present“出示，上演，授予”。
5．A．driver
B．doctor
C．librarian
D．teacher
解析：根据第一段中的“A
young
English
teacher
saved
the
lives
of
30
students”及第二段中的“the
young
teacher's
quick
thinking”可知，Harvold是ABC语言学校的老师，故选teacher。
6．A．given
B．marked
C．passed
D．conducted
解析：根据最后一段中的“offered
him
six
__20__
driving
lessons”可知，Harvold老师还没有通过驾照考试。pass表示“通过(考试)”，符合语境。mark“标记”；conduct“实施，执行，引导”。
7．A．speaking
to
B．waiting
for
C．returning
to
D．looking
for
解析：根据语境可知，当时Harvold老师和学生都在车上，结合选项可推测此处应是指他在与学生讲话。speak
to
sb.表示“与某人讲话”符合语境。
8．A．learned
B．noticed
C．mentioned
D．doubted
解析：巴士撞上了路边的树，这时他注意到(noticed)巴士的司机倒伏在了方向盘上：learn“(从其他人那里)得知，听到”；mention“提到”均不符合语境。所以选noticed。
9．A．sleep
B．cry
C．move
D．recover
解析：根据下文中的“He
was
unconscious”可推知，司机动不了了，故选move。
10．A．ran
over
B．went
by
C．carried
D．hit
解析：根据上文中的“the
bus
was
out
of
control”及“The
bus
ran
into
trees”可知，巴士失去了控制，撞到了灯柱。hit表示“碰撞，撞击”。run
over“撞倒，轧过”；go
by“(时间)流逝，遵照”；carry“运送”。
11．A．remembered
B．continued
C．prepared
D．managed
解析：根据下文可知，Harvold老师最终成功地让巴士停了下来。manage
to
do
sth.表示“设法做成某事”。
12．A．witnessed
B．recorded
C．praised
D．understood
解析：根据上文并结合第二段最后一句可知，Harvold老师让失控的巴士停了下来，所以警察对Harvold老师敏捷的反应表示赞扬，所以选praised。witness“目睹”；record“记录”。
13．A．appeared
B．reacted
C．escaped
D．interrupted
解析：根据下文中的“could
have
been
a
terrible
__14__”可知，如果当时Harvold老师没有快速地作出反应，就很有可能会造成一次非常严重的交通事故。故此处应选reacted，表示“作出反应”。appear“出现”；escape“逃避”；interrupt“打断，中断”。
14．A．delay
B．accident
C．mistake
D．experience
解析：参见上题解析。accident表示“交通事故”。delay“延迟”；experience“经历”。
15．A．airport
B．hospital
C．school
D．police
解析：根据下文中的“was
very
well
regarded
by
the
teachers
and
students”可知，该巴士司机经常与学校合作，并备受师生的尊敬，所以选school。
16．A．happy
B．fortunate
C．touched
D．sorry
解析：根据下文中的“no
one
else
was
hurt”可知，Harvold很高兴看到老师和孩子们都没有受伤，故选happy。fortunate“幸运的”。
17．A．survive
B．retire
C．relax
D．succeed
解析：根据上文中的“The
bus
driver
never
regained
consciousness
and
died
at
East
Surrey
Hospital”可知，巴士司机去世了，而Harvold老师希望他能够活下来，故此处应选survive。retire“退休”。
18．A．project
B．trip
C．dinner
D．duty
解析：根据下文可知，为了表彰Harvold老师的勇敢行为，学校决定送他去都柏林进行一次周末旅行(trip)。project“项目”；duty“责任”。
19．A．bravery
B．skill
C．quality
D．knowledge
解析：参见上题解析。此处bravery表示“勇敢的行为”。
20．A．necessary
B．easy
C．different
D．free
解析：根据上文中的“thanking
him
for
his
__19__”和“also”可知，为了表彰Harvold老师的勇敢行为，所以当地的驾校也提供给Harvold老师六节免费的(free)驾驶课程作为奖励。
J
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
While
high
school
does
not
generally
encourage
students
to
explore
new
aspects
of
life,
college
sets
the
stage
for
that
exploration.I
myself
went
through
this
_1.A__
process
and
found
something
that
has
changed
my
_2.B__
at
college
for
the
better:
I
discovered
ASL—American
Sign
Language(美式手语)．
I
never
felt
an
urge
to
_3.C__
any
sign
language
before.My
entire
family
is
hearing,
and
so
are
all
my
friends.The
_4.D__
languages
were
enough
in
all
my
interactions(交往)．Little
did
I
know
that
I
would
discover
my
_5.A__
for
ASL.
The
_6.C__
began
during
my
first
week
at
college.I
watched
as
the
ASL
Club
_7.B__
their
translation
of
a
song.Both
the
hand
movements
and
the
very
_8.A__
of
communicating
without
speaking
_9.D__
me.What
I
saw
was
completely
unlike
anything
I
had
experienced
in
the
_10.B__.This
newness
just
left
me
_11.D__
more.
After
that,
feeling
the
need
to
_12.B__
further,
I
decided
to
drop
in
on
one
of
ASL
club's
meetings.I
only
learned
how
to
_13.C__
the
alphabet
that
day.Yet
instead
of
being
discouraged
by
my
__14.A__
progress,
I
was
excited.I
then
made
it
a
point
to
_15.C__
those
meetings
and
learn
all
I
could.
The
following
term,
I
_16.D__
an
ASL
class.The
professor
was
deaf
and
any
talking
was
_17.A__.I
soon
realized
that
the
silence
was
not
unpleasant._18.C__，
if
there
had
been
any
talking,
it
would
have
_19.B__
us
to
learn
less.Now,
I
appreciate
the
silence
and
the
_20.D__
way
of
communication
it
opens.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要讲述了自己学习美式手语的经历及感受。
1.
A．searching
　
B．planning
C．natural　
D．formal
解析：根据上文中“While
high
school
does
not
generally
encourage
students
to
explore
new
aspects
of
life”的关键词“explore”及下文的内容可知，此处指作者在大学通过学习美式手语经历了探索(searching)的过程。planning“计划制订”；natural“自然的”；formal“正式的”。
2．A．progress
B．experience
C．major
D．opinion
解析：根据下文的内容可知，作者发现了把自己的大学经历(experience)变得更美好的东西。progress“进步”；major“专业”；opinion“意见，想法，看法”。
3．A．choose
B．read
C．learn
D．create
解析：以前，作者从没感觉到(自己)有学习(learn)任何手语的强烈欲望。choose“选择”；create“创造”。
4．A．official
B．foreign
C．body
D．spoken
解析：根据上文中的“My
entire
family
is
hearing，and
so
are
all
my
friends”及下文中的“languages
were
enough
in
all
my
interactions(交往)”可知，口语对作者所有的(社会)交往来说已经足够了。spoken
language“口语”符合语境。official“正式的，官方的”。
5．A．love
B．concern
C．goal
D．request
解析：根据上下文语境可知，作者不知道自己会喜爱(love)美式手语。concern“关心，担心，忧虑”；goal“目标”；request“要求”。
6．A．meeting
B．trip
C．story
D．task
解析：这个故事(story)始于作者上大学的第一周。meeting“会议”；trip“旅行”；task“任务”。
7．A．recorded
B．performed
C．recited
D．discussed
解析：根据句中的关键词“watched”可知，此处指作者看到美式手语社团的成员表演(performed)。record“记录，录音”；recite“背诵”；discuss“讨论”。
8．A．idea
B．amount
C．dream
D．reason
解析：手部动作和无需用语言交流的想法(idea)吸引了作者。amount“数额，数量”；dream“梦想”；reason“原因，理由”。
9．A．disturbed
B．supported
C．embarrassed
D．attracted
解析：参见上题解析。attract“吸引，引起……的注意”，符合语境。disturb“打扰，打搅”；support“支持”；embarrass“使……尴尬，使……难堪”。
10．A．end
B．past
C．course
D．distance
解析：根据上下文语境可知，作者看到的完全不像自己过去(past)所经历过的任何事情。end“结尾”；course“过程，课程”；distance“距离”。
11．A．showing
B．acting
C．saying
D．wanting
解析：这种新事物使作者想要(接触)更多。show“展示”；act“表演，扮演”；want“想要”。
12．A．exercise
B．explore
C．express
D．explain
解析：根据上下文语境和第一段中的关键词“explore”可知，作者觉得自己有进一步探索(explore)美式手语的需要。exercise“锻炼，训练”；express“表达”；explain“解释”。
13．A．print
B．write
C．sign
D．count
解析：根据语境可知，作者那天只是学会了如何用手语来表示全部字母。print“打印，印刷”；write“写”；sign“打手语”；count“数数”。
14．A．slow
B．steady
C．normal
D．obvious
解析：根据上文的“I
only
learned
how
to
the
alphabet
that
day”可知，作者并没有对自己缓慢的(slow)进步感到沮丧。
steady“稳步的”；normal“正常的”；obvious“明显的”。
15．A．chair
B．sponsor
C．attend
D．organize
解析：根据语境，尤其是上文的“made
it
a
point
to”和下文的“and
learn
all
I
could”可知，作者努力做到参加(attend)这些会议。chair“主持(会议、讨论等)”；sponsor“赞助，举办”；organize“组织”。
16．A．missed
B．passed
C．gave
up
D．registered
for
解析：根据下文的内容可知，作者注册参加了一个美式手语课程。miss“想念，错过”；pass“通过”；give
up“放弃”；register
for“注册，选课”。
17．A．prohibited
B．welcomed
C．ignored
D．repeated
解析：根据上文的“The
professor
was
deaf
and
any
talking”可知，作者所参加的课程的教授是个耳聋的人，故任何谈话都是被禁止(prohibited)的。welcome“欢迎，欣然接受”；ignore“忽视”；repeat“重复”。
18．A．Lastly
B．Thus
C．Instead
D．However
解析：根据上下文的语境可知，作者很快意识到无声并非不愉快的，反而(Instead)，如果有任何谈话的话，会导致(caused)作者他们学习得更少。Lastly“最后，终于”；Thus“因此”；However“然而”。
19．A．required
B．caused
C．allowed
D．expected
解析：参见上题解析。require“要求”；allow“允许”；expect“期望”。
20．A．easy
B．popular
C．quick
D．new
解析：根据语境可知，作者现在非常喜欢这种无声以及它打开的新的(new)沟通方式。easy“容易的”；popular“受欢迎的”；quick“快速的”。
K
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)
In
1973,
I
was
teaching
elementary
school.Each
day,
27
kids
__1.B__“The
Thinking
Laboratory.”
That
was
the
_2.A__
students
voted
for
after
deciding
that
“Room
104”
was
too
_3.D__.
Freddy
was
an
average
_4.B__，
but
not
an
average
person.He
had
the
rare
balance
of
fun
and
compassion(同情)．He
would
__5.D__
the
loudest
over
fun
and
be
the
saddest
over
anyone's
_6.A__.
Before
the
school
year
_7.D__，
I
gave
the
kids
a
special
_8.B__，
T－shirts
with
the
words
“Verbs
Are
Your
_9.A__”
on
them.I
had
advised
the
kids
that
while
verbs(动词)may
seem
dull,
most
of
the
_10.C__
things
they
do
throughout
their
lives
will
be
verbs.
Through
the
years,
I'd
run
into
former
students
who
would
provide
_11.D__
on
old
classmates.I
learned
that
Freddy
did
several
jobs
after
his
_12.A__
from
high
school
and
remained
the
same
_13.C__
person
I
met
forty
years
before
.Once,
while
working
overnight
at
a
store,
he
let
a
homeless
man
_14.B__
in
his
truck.Another
time,
he
_15.C__
a
friend
money
to
buy
a
house.
Just
last
year,
I
was
_16.D__a
workshop
when
someone
knocked
at
the
classroom
door.A
woman
_17.C__
the
interruption
and
handed
me
an
envelope.I
stopped
teaching
and
_18.A__
it
up.Inside
were
the
“Verbs”
shirt
and
a
_19.C__
from
Freddy's
mother.“Freddy
passed
away
on
Thanksgiving.He
wanted
you
to
have
this.”
I
told
the
story
to
the
class.As
sad
as
it
was,
I
couldn't
help
smiling.Although
Freddy
was
taken
from
us,
we
all
_20.B__
something
from
Freddy.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己的学生Freddy的性格特征，以及多年后他的生活和工作状况，并说明了作者自己从他身上学到了一些东西。
1.
A．built
B．entered
C．decorated
D．ran
解析：考查动词。在1973年，作者正在教小学。每天27个小孩进入“思想实验室”。enter“进入”，符合语境。build“建造”；decorate“装饰”；run“管理，经营”。
2.
A．name
B．rule
C．brand
D．plan
解析：考查名词。根据下文的“Room
104”可知，“The
Thinking
Laboratory”是学生们选举出来的名字。name“名字”；rule“规则”；brand“品牌”；plan“计划”。故选A项。
3.
A．small
B．dark
C．strange
D．dull
解析：考查形容词。Room
104这个名字被学生们选举换成The
Thinking
Laboratory，所以可判断出学生们认为Room
104这个名字太乏味了。dull“枯燥的，无趣的”，符合语境。故选D项。
4.
A．scholar
B．student
C．citizen
D．worker
解析：考查名词。根据上文中的“I
was
teaching
elementary
school”可知，作者正在教小学，故可推知Freddy是一个普通的学生。故选B项。
5.
A．speak
B．sing
C．question
D．laugh
解析：考查动词。根据下文中的“the
loudest
over
fun”可知，Freddy对有趣的事情会笑得最大声。故选D项。
6.
A．misfortune
B．disbelief
C．dishonesty
D．mistake
解析：考查名词。根据上文中的the
saddest可知，Freddy对别人的不幸是感到最悲伤的。misfortune“不幸”；disbelief“不信，怀疑”；dishonesty“不诚实”；mistake“错误”。故选A项。
7.
A．changed
B．approached
C．returned
D．ended
解析：考查动词。根据语境可知，此处表示在学年结束前。end“结束”，符合语境。change“改变”；approach“靠近”；return“返回”。
8.
A．lesson
B．gift
C．report
D．message
解析：考查名词。在学年结束前，给孩子们的应是礼物。故选B项。
9.
A．Friends
B．Awards
C．Masters
D．Tasks
解析：考查名词。根据下文可知，作者认为尽管动词看起来是枯燥的，但是孩子们在一生中所做的大多数趣事就是动词。再结合选项可知，A项符合语境。
10.
A．simple
B．unique
C．fun
D．clever
解析：考查形容词。由while可知，空处与dull形成对比，故选C项。simple“简单的”；unique“独特的”；clever“聪明的”。
11.
A．assessments
B．comments
C．instructions
D．updates
解析：考查名词。根据语境可知，很多年来，作者偶然遇到以前的学生会给他提供一些他们老同学的最新消息，所以作者才了解到Freddy的一些情况。update“最新消息”，符合语境。assessment“评估，评价”；comment“评论”；instruction“指导，教导”。
12.
A．graduation
B．retirement
C．separation
D．resignation
解析：考查名词。根据空前的“did
several
jobs”可知，此处表示Freddy从高中毕业后。graduation“毕业”，符合语境，故选A项。retirement“退休”；separation“分离”；resignation“辞职”。
13.
A．daring
B．modest
C．caring
D．smart
解析：考查形容词。根据下文中的“he
let
a
homeless
man...a
friend
money
to
buy
a
house”可知，他让一个无家可归的人睡在他的卡车里，还借给朋友钱去买房子，故可推知他仍然是作者四十年前遇到的那个乐于助人的人。caring“乐于助人的”，符合语境。故选C项。
14.
A．wait
B．sleep
C．study
D．live
解析：考查动词。根据上文中的“while
working
overnight”可知，Freddy上夜班时，让一位无家可归的人在他的卡车里睡觉。故选B项。
15.
A．paid
B．charged
C．lent
D．owed
解析：考查动词。因为Freddy是一位乐于助人的人，所以是借给朋友钱买房子。lend“借出”，符合语境。pay“支付”；charge“(向……)收费”；owe“欠(钱)，负(债)”。
16.
A．observing
B．preparing
C．designing
D．conducting
解析：考查动词。根据下文中的“I
stopped
teaching”可知，作者正在举办一个研习班，这时有人敲教室的门。conduct“实施，执行”，符合语境。故选D项。observe“观察”；prepare“准备”；design“设计”。
17.
A．regretted
B．avoided
C．excused
D．ignored
解析：考查动词。根据下文中的“I
stopped
teaching”可知，作者当时正在上课，所以这位女士为打断作者讲课而请求原谅并递给作者一个信封。excuse“原谅(某人的小错)”，符合语境。regret“遗憾，后悔”；avoid“避免”；ignore“忽视”。
18.
A．opened
B．packed
C．gave
D．held
解析：考查动词。根据上文中的“handed
me
an
envelope.I
stopped
teaching”可知，一位女士递给作者一个信封，作者停止了教学并打开它。故选A项。pack“打包，装箱”；give“交给”；hold“握住，抓住”。
19.
A．picture
B．bill
C．note
D．diary
解析：考查名词。根据下文中的“Freddy
passed
away
on
Thanksgiving...”可知，这个信封里装着一张Freddy的妈妈写的便条。故选C项。picture“图片”；bill“账单”；diary“日记”。
20.
A．chose
B．took
C第一编　专题三　文体2
(浙江卷)
During
the
war，my
husband
was
stationed
at
an
army
camp
in
a
desert
in
California.I
went
to
live
there
in
order
to
be
_1.C__
him.I
hated
the
place.I
had
never
_2.A__
been
so
unhappy.My
husband
was
ordered
out
on
a
longterm
duty，and
I
was
left
in
a
tiny
shack
(棚屋)
alone.The
heat
was
_3.D__—almost
125
°F
even
in
the
shade
of
a
cactus
(仙人掌)．_4.B__
a
soul
to
talk
to.The
wind
blew
nonstop，and
all
the
food
I
ate，and
the
very
air
I
breathed，were
_5.B__
with
sand，sand，sand!
I
was
so
sorry
for
myself
that
I
wrote
to
my
parents.I
told
them
I
was
_6.C__
and
coming
back
home.I
said
I
couldn't
stand
it
one
minute
longer.I
_7.C__
be
in
prison！My
father
answered
my
__8.D__
with
just
two
lines—two
lines
that
will
always
sing
in
my
__9.D__—two
lines
that
completely
changed
my
life：
Two
men
looked
out
from
prison
bars，
One
saw
the
mud，the
other
saw
the
stars.
I
read
those
two
lines
_10.A__.I
was
ashamed
of
myself.I
made
up
my
mind
I
would
find
out
what
was
good
in
my
present
__11.C__；I
would
look
for
the
stars.
I
made
friends
with
the
natives，and
their
_12.B__amazed
me.They
gave
me
presents
of
their
favorite
artworks
which
they
had
_13.A__
to
sell
to
tourists.I
studied
the
delightful
forms
of
the
cactus.I
watched
for
the
desert
sunsets，and
_14.B__
for
seashells
that
had
been
left
there
millions
of
years
ago
when
the
sands
of
the
desert
had
been
an
ocean
_15.A__.
What
brought
about
this
_16.D__
change
in
me
The
desert
hadn't
changed，_17.B__
I
had.I
had
changed
my
_18.A__.And
by
doing
so，I
changed
an
unhappy
experience
into
the
most
amazing
_19.D__
of
my
life.I
was
excited
by
this
new
world
that
I
had
discovered.I
had
looked
out
of
my
self－created
prison
and
__20.C__
the
stars.
文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者为了陪伴丈夫来到沙漠。恶劣的生存环境让作者感到不快乐。而作者父亲回信中的两行话彻底改变了她，让她改变了生活态度，学会了在逆境中享受生活。
1．A．off　　　　　　　　
B．behind
C．near
D．beyond
解析：上文语境题。根据空格前的went
to
live
there可以看出，作者到那里住的目的是希望离丈夫近(near)一些。off离开；behind在……后面；near在……附近；beyond超出，远于。
2．A．before
B．already
C．then
D．still
解析：上下文语境题。根据上文使用的过去时及下文I
said
I
couldn't
stand
it
one
minute
longer.可知，作者在此之前(before)从未那么不快乐过。before在……之前；already已经；then然后，那么；still仍然。
3．A．inflexible
B．incomprehensible
C．uncontrollable
D．unbearable
解析：下文语境题。由破折号后的almost
125
°F
even
in
the
shade
of
a
cactus可知，即便是在仙人掌的阴凉里，这种炎热也是让人无法忍受的(unbearable)。inflexible缺乏弹性的，不可改变的；incomprehensible难懂的，不可理解的；uncontrollable控制不住的，无法管束的；unbearable无法忍受的，承受不住的。
4．A．Only
B．Not
C．Many
D．Such
解析：上下文语境题。由该段内容可以看出，作者所居住地方的炎热的天气、永无休止的风、所吃的食物、呼吸的空气都令人无法忍受。空格处应该指这里没有(not)作者可以与之聊天的人。only仅仅，只有；not没有；many许多；such那样的。
5．A．covered
B．filled
C．buried
D．charged
解析：上下文语境题。此处各选项均可填入构成短语：be
covered
with用……覆盖；be
filled
with充满……；be
buried
with被……掩埋；be
charged
with被指控犯……(罪)。由该句语境可以看出，无论是作者吃的食物还是呼吸的空气，到处都充满了(were
filled
with)沙子。
6．A．catching
up
B．keeping
up
C．giving
up
D．getting
up
解析：下文语境题。由后面的I
said
I
couldn't
stand
it
one
minute
longer.可以看出，由于居住地恶劣的环境，作者打算放弃(give
up)并准备回家。catch
up赶上；keep
up保持，维持；give
up放弃；get
up起床。
7．A．ought
to
B．might
well
C．would
rather
D．had
better
解析：上下文语境题。由该空所在句可知，作者在信中告诉父母，她一分钟也坚持不下去了，她宁愿(would
rather)去蹲监狱。ought
to应该；might
well有充分理由，足以；would
rather宁愿；had
better最好。
8．A．request
B．call
C．question
D．letter
解析：上文语境题。由该段第一句中的I
wrote
to
my
parents可知，作者给自己的父母写了封信。request请求，要求；call通话，召唤；question问题；letter信。
9．A．comparison
B．imagination
C．consideration
D．memory
解析：下文语境题。由下文可以看出，作者父亲的这两行话彻底改变了作者对生活的态度，所以这两行话总是在她的记忆(memory)里唱响。comparison对比；imagination想象；consideration考虑，体贴；memory记忆。
10．A．over
and
over
B．by
and
by
C．up
and
down
D．now
and
then
解析：上下文语境题。由上下文语境可知，作者收到父亲的信后反复(over
and
over)阅读，并为自己感到羞愧。over
and
over再三，反复；by
and
by不久，很快；up
and
down上上下下，来回；now
and
then不时，时常。
11．A．company
B．occupation
C．situation
D．relationship
解析：上文语境题。由上文可知，空格所在句表示作者下定决心找到自己目前处境(situation)的优势。company陪伴，公司；occupation工作，占用；situation处境，状况；relationship关系。
12．A．movement
B．reaction
C．guidance
D．purpose
解析：上下文语境题。由该段内容可知，作者与当地人交朋友，而他们把最喜欢的艺术品作为礼物送给作者。他们的反应(reaction)让作者感到吃惊。movement运动，活动；reaction反应；guidance指导；purpose目的。
13．A．refused
B．failed
C．managed
D．happened
解析：上下文语境题。由上下文语境可知，当地人对作者做出的反应让作者感到吃惊，因为他们竟然舍得将拒绝(refuse)卖给游客的艺术品当作礼物送给作者。refuse拒绝；fail失败，不及格；manage管理；happen发生，碰巧。
14．A．asked
B．hunted
C．waited
D．headed
解析：上下文语境题。各选项均可与空格后的for构成短语。ask
for请求，要求；hunt
for寻找；wait
for等待；head
for前往……。由下文中的定语从句that
had
been
left
there
millions
of
years
ago可知，作者在沙漠里寻找(hunt
for)几百万年前遗留下来的贝壳。
15．A．floor
B．surface
C．rock
D．level
解析：上文语境题。由空格所在句when
the
sands
of
the
desert
had
been
an
ocean
__15__可知，沙漠里的沙地曾经是海底(floor)。floor底部，地面；surface表面；rock岩石；level水平。
16．A．shocking
B．challenging
C．puzzling
D．astonishing
解析：上文语境题。由上文可以看出，作者由最初的抱怨并打算放弃在沙漠中的生活，到后来接受自己的处境并学会欣赏生活中的美好可以看出，作者的变化是令人十分惊讶的(astonishing)。shocking骇人的；challenging具有挑战性的；puzzling令人感到迷惑的；astonishing令人十分惊讶的。
17．A．as
B．but
C．for
D．or
解析：语意关系题。由上文可以看出，沙漠没有改变，但(but)作者发生了变化。as表原因；but表转折；for表原因；or表示出现相反的情况。
18．A．attitude
B．principle
C．identity
D．standard
解析：上文语境题。由上文可以看出，作者由最初的不快乐到后来学会享受沙漠生活，完全是因为自己对生活的态度(attitude)发生了改变。attitude态度；principle原则；identity身份，一致；standard标准。
19．A．vacation
B．operation
C．affair
D．adventure
解析：上文语境题。所给选项中的adventure与该句中的experience相对应。vacation假期；operation操作，手术；affair事务，事件；adventure冒险，奇遇。
20．A．sought
B．counted
C．found
D．reached
解析：上文语境题。作者将自己从最初感受到沙漠之苦到后来体验到沙漠生活的快乐的转变比喻为在自设的监狱里发现(find)了星星。seek寻找；count数数；find发现；reach到达。