统编版七年级下册语文阅读写作扩展素材突破三：文言文学习方法

突破三：文言文学习方法

文言文阅读考试要求
1．理解常用文言词语的意义
(实词的意义和常用文言虚词的一般用法)。
2．理解重要语句、段的含义。
3．理解文章的基本内容。
4．恰当地评析人物及思想内容。

文言文学习方法“新概念”：
1．当成一门“外语”来学
2．背单词——文言实词、虚词——加点字词题
3．背语法——文言句式——划分节奏题、翻译题
4．翻译满分——直译法——翻译题

小帆老师，文言文怎么学啊？
——多读培养语感，多背才是王道！
书下注释背了总忘怎么办呀？
——字词只有放到句子中、具体语境中才能活学活用！
阅读课外文言文有用吗，老师？
——积累更多实词、虚词、句式！
——增强语感，翻译句子不再难！
——提升语文素养，积累写作素材！
课外文言文阅读要有选择性
——简、精、准！
课外文言文怎样学才有效？
——小帆教你“读、译、读、解”

以“内”养“外”
“读懂”是理解的基础
“课外”是课内的延伸
例文：《王冕僧寺夜读》



王冕者，诸暨[jì]人。七八岁时，父命牧⑴牛陇[lǒng]上，窃⑵入学舍，听诸生诵书；听已，辄[zhé] ⑶默记。暮归，忘其牛，父怒挞[tà] ⑷之。已而复如初。母曰：“儿痴如此，曷[hé] ⑸不听其所为？”
【注释】
⑴牧：放牧牲畜。
⑵窃：偷偷地，暗中。
⑶辄：总是(常常)、就。
⑷挞：用鞭子、棍子等打人。
⑸曷：通“何”，为什么。
译文：
王冕是诸暨县人。七八岁时，父亲叫他在田埂上放牛，他偷偷地跑进学堂，去听学生念书。听完以后，总是默默地记住。傍晚回家，他把放牧的牛都忘记了。王冕的父亲大怒，打了王冕一顿。过后，他仍是这样。他的母亲说：“这孩子想读书这样入迷，何不由着他呢？”

冕因去，依僧寺以居。夜潜⑹出坐佛膝上，执策⑺映长明灯读之，琅[láng]琅达旦⑻。佛像多土偶，狞恶可怖⑼，冕小儿，恬[tián] ⑽若不知。
(《宋学士文集》)
【注释】
⑹潜：暗暗地、悄悄地。
⑺执策：拿着书。
⑻达旦：到早晨，到天亮。
⑼狞恶可怖：狰狞凶恶，令人害怕。
⑽恬：神色安然，满不在乎的样子。
译文：
王冕从此以后就离开家，寄住在寺庙里。一到夜里，他就偷偷地走出来，坐在佛像的膝盖上，手里拿着书就着佛像前长明灯的灯光诵读，书声琅琅一直读到天亮。佛像多是泥塑的，一个个面目狰狞凶恶，令人害怕。王冕虽是小孩，却神色安然，好像没有看见似的。

1．结合文意，解释下列句中加点的词。?
①窃入学舍(? )???
②辄默记( ??? )
③儿痴如此(? )??
④恬若不见( ?? ?)
2．与“依僧寺以居”中的“以”字用法相同的一项是(?? ??)??
A．或以为死，或以为亡。?????
B．必以分人。??
C．属予作文以记之。?????????
D．以刀劈狼首。
3．用现代汉语翻译下面句子。(2分)
①听已，辄默记。____________________________________________
②夜潜出坐佛膝上，执策映长明灯读之，琅琅达旦____________________________________________
4．从文中可以看出，王冕后来之所以成为著名的画家、诗人，其根本原因是？
????_____________________________________________________________________
Starry Starry Night （Vincent）
- Jackie Evancho
Starry, starry night.
Paint your palette blue and grey,
Look out on a summer's day,
With eyes that know the darkness in my soul.
Shadows on the hills,
Sketch the trees and daffodils,
Catch the breeze and winter chills,
In colors on the snowy linen land.
Now I understand what you tried to say to me,
And how you suffered for your sanity,

They'd not listen, they did not know how.
Perhaps they'll listen now.
Starry, starry night.
Flaming flowers that brightly blaze,
Swirling clouds in violet haze,
Reflect in Vincent's eyes of china blue.
Colors changing hue, morning fields of amber grain,
Weathered faces lined in pain,
Are soothed beneath the artist's loving hand.
Now I understand what you tried to say to me,
How you suffered for your sanity,
And how you tried to set them free.
They'd not listen, they did not know how.
Perhaps they'll listen now.

For they could not love you,
But still your love was true.
And when no hope was left in sight
On that starry, starry night,
You took your life, as lovers often do.
But I could have told you, Vincent,
This world was never meant for one
As beautiful as you.
Like the strangers that you've met,
The ragged men in the ragged clothes,
The silver thorn of bloody rose,
Lie crushed and broken on the virgin snow.
Now I think I know what you tried to say to me,
How you suffered for your sanity,

And how you tried to set them free.
They'd not listen, they're not listening still.

Perhaps they never will...
The end