模块1 Unit 1 School life Grammar and usage定语从句课件（51张PPT）

课件51张PPT。定语从句＊定义
＊关系代词、关系副词的用法
＊限制性定语从句VS非限制性定语从句
＊ as引导的定语从句
＊常见考点
＊解题步骤
＊巩固练习在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句
叫定语从句;相当于名词和形容词的作用。
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
连接先行词和从句的词叫做关系代词或
关系副词eg: Do you know the man who spoke at the
meeting just now?
That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 关系代词和关系副词的作用
1、引导作用
2、替代作用
3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用eg 1 Those who want to go please sign your
names here.
2 This is the house where he was born.
3 Bill, who was here yesterday, asked me a lot
of questions.1关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose）
的指代关系23在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物时，关系
词可用which或that，二者常可以互换；
但在下列情况中，只能用that，不用which： (1) 当先行词是不定代词all, a lot, few, much, none, anything, nothing等或被不定代词all, any, no, much, little, few, every所修饰时。
All that can be done has been done. 　
We heard clearly every word that he said. (2) 当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。
　The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets.
(3) 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰时
　Is that the best that you can do?
(4) 当先行词被 the very, the only, the next, the last等所修饰时。
This is the very book that I want to find. (5) 当先行词既指人又指物时
　She described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most.
(6) 当主句是以which/who开头的特殊疑问句时
　Which is the car that killed the boy?
Who is the girl that is talking there?
(7) 在there be 句型结构中
There is still a point that I can’t understand.
(8) 定语从句中缺少表语时
China is not the country that it used to be.4在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指人时，
关系词可用who(m)或that，二者常可互换。
但在下列情况中，用who(m)，而不用that： (1) 当先行词是one, ones, any, few, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody 等词时
He was among the few who managed to live through the enemy prison camp.
注：在非正式文体中可以说：
You’re the one that knows where to go. (2) 当先行词是he, they, those, people, person等词时
　He who wants to catch fish just not mind getting wet.
注：在固定结构的谚语或习语中，可用he that…
He that promises too much means nothing.
(3) 当先行词有较长的后置定语修饰时。
Do you know the writer in blue with thick glasses who is speaking at the meeting? (4) 在分隔式定语从句中，若先行词指人，为了明确修饰关系，应当用who(m)。如：
　A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.
　I was the only person in my office who was invited.
(5) 两个定语从句同时修饰一个指人的先行词，第二个定语从句常用who(m)来引导，如：
　She is the only girl (that) I know who can play the guitar. 5关系副词when, where, why的用法
关系副词一般都等于一个适当的介词＋which，在从句中作状语。
when= in/at/on/during…+which
where= in/at/on/…+which
why=for +which
1 Do you still remember the day _____ we went to visit the museum together?
2 This is the factory ________________ my father once worked.
3 This is the reason _______________ he was late.whenwhere / in whichwhy / for which(1)限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，也不可省略，否则全句意义就不完整。　　
This is the telegram which he refers to.
Is there anything (that) I can do for you? (2)非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。
　This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. (3)两种定语从句的内涵不同，限制性定语从句具有涉他性，而非限制性定语从句具有唯一性，
这在理解和翻译时应特别注意。　　
His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man. （只有一个）
His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old. （不止一个） 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：
who, whom, whose, which, as, when 和 where
不可以用that和why
另外，非限制性定语从句从意义上讲，相当于一个并列句，在口语中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人们通常用并列句或简单句来表达。
　I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother.
　= I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother. 关系代词as可以引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：
such+名词+as…
so+形容词+名词+as…
the same+名词+as…像…一样的，像…之类的和…同样的1 Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.
2 Let’s discuss only such questions as concern
every one of us.
3 Would you please buy me the same novel as
you bought for brother yesterday, Mum?
4 As we all know, John is an honest man.
5 This is so difficult a problem as nobody in my
class can work out.This is such a difficult problem as nobody in my class can work out.
This is such a difficult problem that nobody in my class can work it out.
This is so difficult a problem that nobody in my class can work it out. 比较：定语从句状语从句状语从句比较：Your dictionary is the same one as I bought the other day.
The dictionary is the same one that I lent you. 不是同一本同一本书考点1 关系代词和关系副词的选用在选择引导词时，重要的是分析一下定语从句的成分，
若从句缺主语、宾语、表语，必须用关系代词
若从句中不缺主语、宾语或表语，必须用
关系副词a This is the place ______________ he works.
This is the place __________ we visited last year.
b That was the time _____ he arrived.
Do you still remember the days _________ we spent
together?
c This is the reason _____________ he went.
The reason __________ he gave us was quite
reasonable.
d His father works in a factory _____ radio parts are
made.
His father works in a factory _________ makes radio
parts. where / in which(which/that)when(which/that)why / for which(which/that)wherewhich/that考点2 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句【1】当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词
只能用which / whom / whose
In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person
to whom she could turn for help.
Recently I bought an vase, the price of which
was very reasonable.
Mr Smith, in whose department she worked,
came to see her.【2】“复合介词短语+关系代词”
这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用都逗号
分开，从句常用倒装语序
He lived in a big house, in front of which ______
_____________(耸立一棵大树).【3】介词+which / whom+不定式结构
The poor man has no house in which to live.
= The poor man has no house to live in.
= The poor man has no house in which he can live.a big tall treestood 1. Do you know the boy ___ _____ your mother
is talking?
2. I still remember the day ___ ____ I first got
to Paris.
3. He gave me some novels _____ ______ I am
not very familiar.to whomwith whichon whichThis is the child who/ whom/ that I will look after.5. 译：这是我要照顾的小孩。4. He gave me some novels _____ ______ I
am not very familiar with.which / that / 不填7. (06浙江) I was given three books on cooking,
the first ______ I really enjoyed.
A. of that B. of which C. that D. which6. I recognized the boss in company my
sister was working. whose3. ______ is known to all, he is the best student.
4. Jim passed the driving test, _____ surprised everybody in the office. Aswhichasthatwhich
1. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift.
2. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift it.asthat考点3 as的用法归纳：as引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such, the same, so, as 修饰，即构成such…as , the same …as, so…as, 结构，做题时容易忽略。
as在定语从句中应充当成分：主语、宾语或表语。
as 与which引导非限制性定语从句都能指代整句内容，但定语从句位于句首时，只能用 as, 意为“正如、恰如”。★ as多用于一些习惯用语中：
as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样
as is well known = as is known to all 众所周知
as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样
as often happens 正如经常发生的那样
as has been said before 如上所述
as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的当主句中出现such 或so 时,看后面从句(1)缺主语或宾语,从句前用as(2)不缺主语和宾语,从句前用that当主句中出现the same时, 后面从句缺主语
或宾语时与as搭配表同一类事物,与that搭配
表同一个事物
是否缺主语或宾语:在正式文体中，通常以in which或 that 引导，　　
The way in which you answered the questions
was admirable.
但在非正式文体中，人们通常省略in which
或 that The way (in which) he spoke to us was suspicious. I don’t like the way (that) you laugh at her. 考点4 the way为先行词The way __ you thought of to solve the problem is
wonderful.
A which B in which C whom D whose
I don’t like ___ you learn English.
A the way B the way in that
C the way which D the way of which1. I’ve come to the point where I can’t stand him.
2. The country is in the situation where a war
will break out at any time.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。 where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是
表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。考点5一些特殊词之后的where解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, part, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。1.We are trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk. （06山东）
A. which B. that C. where D. when
2. ---Do you have anything to say for yourself?
---Yes, there’s one point ____ we must insist on . （06江西）
A. why B. where C. how D. /高考题链接：做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择
恰当的关系词。 1. We feed children _____are hungry. A whom we think B who we think C we think who D we think whom
2. He made another wonderful discovery, ____ of great importance to science. A which I think is
B which I think it is C which I think it
D I think which it is考点6 注意插入语考点7 定语从句中的主谓一致1 I, who ___ your husband, should be responsible for you. (be)
2 He is one of the students who ____ been to America.
He is the (only) one of the students who ____ been to America. (have)
3 To own a computer in families, which we thought____ impossible 20 years ago, now becomes true. (be)amhavehaswas考点8 what 与 定语从句引导词which/that1 Finally, the thief handed everything __ he had stolen to the police.
A which B what C whatever D that
2 He came late again, ___ made his teacher very angry.
_____ made the teacher angry was that he came late again.
_____ made the teacher angry that he came late again.
A it B what C whichCBA1 I’ll do everything all /everything I can ___ you.
A help B to help
2 They spent as much time as they could_____ on the project.
A work B working
3 After a heated discussion, they agreed on the way I thought of ___ the problem.
A solve B solving C to solve
4 The letter I’m looking forward to ___ this morning.
A arrived B arriving C arrive
The theory they stuck to____ right.
A proving B proved C was proved考点9 与定语从句有关的句子5 He often speaks of the trouble he ____ helping the orphan.
He often speaks of the trouble he ______ to help the orphan.
A had B founded C taken D took
6. With everything she needed _____ , she went home.
A buy B to buy C bought考点9 与定语从句有关的句子hadtook8 There are 55 students in their class, most of ________ are boys.
9 There are 55 students in their class, most of them ________ boys.
10 There are 55 students in their class _______ most of them are boys.whom(being)and wherethat
1.This is the library_____I borrowed the book.
2.It is from this library____I borrowed the book. where定语从句that强调句型定语从句与强调句3. ---Where did you last see Mr. Smith?
---It was in the hotel____ I lived.
A. that B. which C. where D. when 近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。考点10 综合考查定语从句与同位语从句1. We all have heard the news_____ our
team won.
2. We don’t believe in the news _________ he told us yesterday.that (that/which)定语从句与表语从句 The place ____ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_____ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. （05 江苏）
A. which; where B. at which; which
C. at which; where D. which; in which ◆that/which＊不能无先行词
＊找准先行词
＊看成分判断关系词
（主要看在从句中充当什么成分）对比训练与巩固1. We should go to the place_____
we are most needed.
2. We should go to the place_____
needs us most.
A. it B. where C. that D. whatBC对比训练 1. It was October_____we met in
Damiao for the first time.
2. It was in October_____we met in
Damiao for the first time.
A. that B. which
C. when D. whileCA对比训练 1. He is such a good teacher_____
we all like him.
2. He is such a good teacher_____
we all like.
A. whom B. that C. as D. whichBC1 He often helps the students _____ he
thinks are not quick at their studies. A whom B who?? C when D because 2 This is Mr. Smith, __ I think has
something interesting to tell us.
A who B whom C that D /
3 I will hire the man _____ they say is
a good English speaker.
A who B that C which D whom 1 Is this the museum _____ you visited the
other day? A. that B. where?? C. in which ??D. the one 2 Is this museum _____ some German friends
visited last Wednesday? A. that B. where?? C. in which?? D. the one 3 ---How do you like the book? ---It’s quite different from ____ I read last
month. A. that B. which? ?C. the one D. the one what The news came____ the British
Queen’s mother celebrated her 101th birthday in good health, ___ isn’t surprising, because she lives an easy life and gets the best medical care.
A. that; which B. which; which
C. that; that D. when; as Homework:1 巩固定语从句
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