Unit 2 Working the land
【导语】 荷兰一所大学的农业研究员们在与月球和火星相似的土壤中种上蔬菜，试图寻找帮助太空开拓者自己种庄稼的方法。一起来看荷兰科学家是怎样在温室种太空蔬菜的吧。
Establishing a human colony on the Moon and travelling to Mars has been the stuff of dreams since the dawn of the space age.
But these visions face many hurdles （障碍）.How can humans survive for months or years in the ultra-hostile（极端恶劣的） environment of space？What，for instance， will they eat？
Agricultural researchers at a Dutch university say they are taking the first steps towards providing an answer.
They are growing vegetables in soils similar to those found on the Moon and Mars， looking for ways of helping space pioneers grow their own crops.“When people go to the Moon and Mars they also have to eat， and it's easiest for them to grow their own food，”said Wieger Wamelink，surrounded by several dozen plants in a special greenhouse at Wageningen， an agricultural university in central Netherlands.
“We wanted to use real Martian and lunar soil， to see if plants would actually grow in it，”Wamelink told reporters.
Of course， getting real lunar and Martian potting soil is an impossible task.But an Internet search revealed an unlikely supplier： NASA.
“The US space agency makes ground similar to that on the Moon from sand found in an Arizona desert， while Mars' crimson ‘soil’ is scooped （舀；掏）from a volcano in Hawaii，” Wamelink told reporters.
The first experiments started in 2013 after Wageningen received an order of 100 kilograms （220 pounds） of NASA's imitation “space soil”—at a hefty price of 2，000 euros （$2，285）.
“To work in this soil was very special.Nobody， not even NASA， could tell us what would happen， even just by simply adding water，” he said.The imitation ground at first was a little “reluctant”（勉强的）to absorb water， but soon turned out to be good potting soil.
“Especially in the Martian soil， plants were growing very fast and very good.They even started to flower， something that we never anticipated（预料，预见），”Wamelink said.
【词海拾贝】
1.colony n.殖民地，聚居地
2.surround v.包围，围绕
3.absorb v.吸收
4.turn out 证明是，结果是
【问题思考】
判断正（T）误（F）。
1.Wamelink used real Martian and lunar soil to perform the experiment.（ ）
2.Nobody except NASA knew plants in the Martian soil would grow and flower before the experiment.（ ）
答案：1.F 2.F
Ⅰ.重点单词分类记
A.拼写高频单词
1. vt.减少；减缩
2. vt.& vi.输出；出口
3. vt.& vi使变大；伸展
4. adv.因此；所以；因而
5. vi.& n.斗争；拼搏；努力
6. n.遗憾；懊悔
vt.遗憾；惋惜
7. n.焦点；中心点
vt.集中；聚焦
8. n.评论；议论
vi.& vt.表达意见；作出评论
答案：1.reduce 2.export 3.expand 4.therefore
5.struggle 6.regret 7.focus 8.comment
B.联想拓展单词
1. adj.自由的→ n.自由；自主
2. vt.发现→ n.发现；发觉
3. vt.&vi.配备；装备→ n.设备；装备
4. n.饥饿；欲望vt.&vi.（使）饥饿→
adj.饥饿的
5. n.国家；民族→ adj.国家的；民族的→ n.国籍
6. vt.生产→ n.生产；制造→
n.生产者；制片人
7. vt.扰乱；打扰→ adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的→ adj.扰乱的；极为烦恼的
8. vt.使迷惑；使为难→ adj.令人迷惑的→ adj.感到迷惑的→ n.困惑；迷惑
答案：1.free freedom 2.discover discovery
3.equip equipment 4.hunger hungry
5.nation national nationality
6.produce production producer
7.disturb disturbing disturbed
8.confuse confusing confused confusion
C.识记阅读单词
1.bacteria n.
2.fertilizer n.
3.decade n.
4.nutrition n.
5.summary n.
6.occupation n.
7.circulate vt.&vi.
8.underline vt.
9.statistic n.
答案：1.细菌 2.肥料；化肥 3.十年；十年期
4.营养；滋养；食物 5.总结；摘要；概要
6.工作；职业；占领 7.循环；流传
8.画底线标出；强调 9.数据；统计；统计数字；统计资料
Ⅱ.重点短语快速记
1. 幸亏；由于；因为
2. 使……摆脱或除去
3. 宁愿；宁可
4. 逐渐增强；建立；开发
5. 导致；造成（后果）
6. 集中（注意力、精力等）于
7. 对……感到满意
8. 使……免受（影响、伤害等）；使……不含（有害物）
答案：1.thanks to 2.rid...of 3.would rather
4.build up 5.lead to 6.focus on
7.be satisfied with 8.keep...free from/of
Ⅲ.经典句式应用记
1. （如果这样的话），what did you do to grow them？（if so状语从句的省略形式）
2.In 1973，he became （世界上第一位种植水稻的农业先锋）that has a high output.（the＋序数词＋名词＋动词不定式）
3.This special strain of rice （使生产……成为可能）20% more of the crop in the same fields.（make it＋adj.＋动词不定式）
4.Using his hybrid rice farmers are producing harvests （以前的两倍大）.（倍数＋as...as）
5.He （宁愿）keep time for his hobbies.（would rather do...宁愿做……）
答案：1.If so 2.the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice 3.makes it possible to produce 4.twice as large as before 5.would much rather
Ⅰ.Fast-reading
1.Write the main idea of the passage.
It is about Yuan Longping who producing better rice.
答案：made a great contribution to
2.Read the text and match each paragraph with its main idea.
①Para. 1 A.Yuan Longping's brief life experiences.
②Para. 2 B.Yuan Longping's dreams.
③Para. 3 C.Yuan Longping's attitudes toward life.
④Para. 4 D.Yuan Longping's achievements in the improvements on rice production.
答案：①D ②A ③C ④B
Ⅱ.Careful-reading
Read the text and choose the best answers.
1.Why has Yuan Longping struggled for many years？
A.He wants to become one of the top scientists.
B.He wants to prove farmers can also become scientists.
C.He wants to do something for farmers.
D.He wants other countries to know him.
答案：C
2.When Yuan Longping was a young man， .
A.many people in the countryside didn't have enough food to eat
B.all the people in the countryside were living a happy life
C.no one in the cities was able to help the poor in the countryside
D.he didn't like the life in the countryside
答案：A
3.From the passage we can know that Yuan Longping's hybrid rice .
A.helps the farmers produce larger harvests
B.can be only grown in China
C.is not accepted by the UN
D.is now grown around the globe
答案：A
4.What kind of person is Yuan Longping？
A.He likes to live with the poor and is ready to help them.
B.He thinks much of himself but little of others.
C.He is strict with other scientists and the farmers.
D.He has his own dreams to help the people.
答案：A
Ⅲ.Study-reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1.Indeed，his sunburnt face and arms and his slim，strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers，for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] _________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
答案：的确，他那被太阳晒黑的脸庞和手臂及他那瘦削而结实的身躯，就跟其他千百万中国农民一样，过去50年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。
2.In 1973，he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] _________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
答案：1973年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先驱。
3.He awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] _________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
答案：他从梦中醒来，希望能培育一种能养活更多人的水稻。
如何写海报
海报带有宣传广告的性质，其宣传内容包括电影戏剧消息、体育赛事、学术报告、商品报道、参观旅游、文艺演出等。
一、基本结构
海报一般由标题、正文和落款三部分组成。
1.标题。海报的标题是海报最显眼的一部分，一般写在海报上方正中处。标题可以反映海报的核心内容，如Football Match、Lecture、Film News等，也可直接写POSTER。
2.正文。海报的内容通常包括三部分。开头通常先介绍活动背景或开展此活动的目的；主体部分介绍活动细节，包括时间、地点、相关人员以及其他事宜；结尾通常发出号召，呼吁人们积极参加该活动。
3.落款。海报要写明主办单位名称以及发出海报的日期。海报的署名一般在左下角，日期在署名的下一行，通常位于左下角。
二、增分佳句
1.No admission fee is required for members of the club.
2.Tomorrow morning there will be a（n）...
3.Children under 6 are not permitted admission.
4.For booking，please stop at the Union Club.
5.There are still tickets available for the night shows.
6.Buses are available and leave at 6：00 pm from the Peace Hotel.
7.Come for the real hit of Rock-‘n’-Roll performance！
8.Please take an active part in it！
9.We set it up so that students can publish their English compositions， communicate ideas and improve writing skills.
10.Pen lost.Whoever has found it， please inform us about it.
11.Everyone is welcome to watch the match and cheer the players up.
根据下面提示为“绿叶”有机蔬菜生产基地写一篇介绍性海报。
1.坐落在城西；
2.历经20年，已经发展成占地1 000多亩的大农场；
3.配备现代化的设施；
4.生产过程中不使用任何化肥；
5.富含营养；
6.产品出口几十个国家；
7.联系方式：
Tel：666888123；
E-mail：Green Leaf@Green Leaf.com
注意：词数100左右。【范文点评】
范 文
点 评
①Green Leaf—an organic vegetable base
②Have you ever dreamt of eating green vegetables without chemical fertilizer every day？Please go to Green Leaf—an organic vegetable base.
③Located in the west of the city，it has expanded to a large farm ④covering an area of more than 1，000 mu in the past two decades.It has been equipped with advanced facilities.⑤What makes it different from others is that the vegetables here are grown without any chemical fertilizer. The rich soil makes these vegetables full of nutrition.⑥As a result，it is exported into many countries in the world.
If you are interested， please contact us in the following ways.
Tel：666888123
E-mail： Green Leaf@Green Leaf.com
①海报标题恰如其分，宣传“绿叶”有机蔬菜生产基地。
②以疑问句形式开头，引起读者兴趣，简洁自然。
③过去分词located和④现在分词covering分别作状语和定语，充分显示了作者娴熟运用非谓语动词的能力。
⑤what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句，丰富了句式，增添了文章的文采。
⑥As a result的合理运用使行文更加流畅
为了帮助大家提高英语水平，你校学生会将于每周六下午2点到5点在校图书馆定期举办“英语角”（English Corner）活动，内容包括：与外教讨论热点话题、阅读英文书报杂志、学唱英语歌曲、听英语讲座、表演英语短剧、看英语电影等。请你代表学生会制作一则英文海报，邀请同学们参加。
注意：词数100左右。
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
答案：
Join Our English Corner
Do you want to improve your English？Do you want to live a colourful life after school？An English corner will be set up at our school library from 2 pm to 5 pm every Saturday afternoon.
Here you can
—talk with native English speakers about hot topics.
—read English newspapers，magazines and books.
—learn to sing beautiful English songs.
—attend interesting English lectures.
—perform various English plays.
—watch wonderful English movies.
—make new friends.
Come and join us！
Student Union
March 17，2019
A级 基础过关
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
在句中空白处填上适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The great scientist devoted all her life to （chemistry） research.
2.They hope that the new model will go into （produce） next year.
3.She was so （hunger） for success that she'd do anything to achieve it.
4.How I regret （waste） so much time in the net bar！ I should have studied harder.
5.No wonder you are so tired.You （work） all day.
6.He focused the sun's rays a paper with a burning glass.
答案：1.chemical 2.production 3.hungry 4.wasting/having wasted 5.have been working 6.on
Ⅱ.完成句子
1. ， my boss agreed to my suggestion.
令我非常满意的是，老板同意了我的建议。
2.All our eyes the speaker.
大家的目光都集中在发言人身上。
3.She that she had a lot of influence.
她使我相信她很有影响力。
4.She good education.
她使她的儿子受到了良好的教育。
5.He is among the experiment.
他是做这个实验最好的学生之一。
6.Beijing is my hometown.
北京是我家乡的十倍大。
答案：1.Much to my satisfaction 2.were focused on 3.led me to believe 4.equipped her son with 5.the best students to do
6.ten times the size of
Ⅲ.从方框中选择合适短语的适当形式填空
comment on； keep...free of...；be confused about；reduce...to...；focus...on； lead to； build up；rid...of...
1.Would you care to any troublesome students in your class？
2.People all the different labels on food these days.
3.I persuaded the shopkeeper to the price of the dress 300 yuan.
4.We should our attention our study at school.
5.It was the driver's carelessness that the car accident.
6.The doctors tried their best to the patient's confidence before the operation.
7.Winter is coming， and a thick cover should be put on the vegetables to them cold.
答案：1.comment on 2.are confused about 3.reduce to
4.focus on 5.led to 6.build up 7.rid of
B级 能力提升
Ⅳ.阅读理解
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Three times a week， a group of farmers work together in a village of the Democratic Republic of the Congo（刚果共和国）.The group were planting potatoes.
Nearly 200，000 persons are driven to camps in the Democratic Republic of the Congo because of conflicts（冲突） in the east.Most people there say land problems are one of the causes of the area's conflicts.So recently， large landowners have been asked to free up more of their land to farmers interested in growing crops.
Is this a solution to the land problem？ An organization called FOPAC is teaching this group better farming methods like planting improved vegetables in the fields.It is also showing the farmers how to remove grass instead of burning it to change grassland to field， and to use animal waste to make plants grow more successfully.
Mumbere works for FOPAC as a farming adviser.He says the hills near the town are owned by Olive Lembe，the wife of Joseph Kabila.Kabila is the president of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.Much of the land once was farmed.Mumbere says， the person Olive Lembe bought the land from last year stopped planting crops.Now， the land is mainly grassland.Lembe is now persuading farmers to grow crops on some of her land， which she has named “Hope Farm”.
“Hope Farm” requires farmers to make payments for use of the land， and payments are very low.Mumbere says the usual rental payment in this area for one hectare（公顷） is only $200 for a season of four months.Many people rent smaller fields of about 400 m2 for $10 a season.
FOPAC tries to avoid conflict with landowners and farmers.Mumbere says the farmers seemed happy with the new solution.
【语篇解读】 让农民有地可种能帮助刚果农民减少冲突。
1.What was the purpose of asking large landowners to free up their lands to farmers？
A.To avoid conflicts.
B.To control landowners.
C.To make farmers rich.
D.To make good use of the land.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“Most people there say land problems are one of the causes of the area's conflicts.”可知，土地纠纷是造成这个地区冲突的原因之一。由此可以推测，大地主被要求将土地租给农民耕种的原因就是为了避免冲突。
答案：A
2.What did farmers use to do before they planted crops？
A.Burning grass to get new fields.
B.Using animal waste to make plants grow fast.
C.Planting improved vegetables in their field.
D.Removing grass and dead trees to protect crops.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“It is also showing the farmers how to remove grass instead of burning it to change grassland to field”可知，这个组织向农民展示如何除草而不是靠烧草来把草场变成土地。由此可知，农民们以前可能通过烧草来获得新的土地。
答案：A
3.What can we learn from the passage？
A.Olive Lembe sold her land to farmers.
B.The payments of “Hope Farm” are not high.
C.The country encouraged soldiers to plant crops.
D.Olive Lembe bought the land for planting potatoes.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“‘Hope Farm’ requires farmers to make payments for use of the land，and payments are very low.”可知，“Hope Farm”要求农民支付的土地租金不高。
答案：B
4.What is the farmers' attitude towards the solution to the land problem？
A.Negative. B.Positive.
C.Doubtful. D.Opposed.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Mumbere says the farmers seemed happy with the new solution.”可知，农民对于租种土地这一解决土地争端的方式的态度是积极的。
答案：B
Ⅴ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2019·全国卷Ⅱ）Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question：“Should I jump？”This is what motivation or the lack of it can do.Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin. 1 Like the child on the diving board， you will stay undecided.
2 More than that， how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal？ First， you need to evaluate yourself， your values， your strengths， your weaknesses， your achievements， your desires， etc.Only then should you set your goals.
You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation.This is quite important， because it is directly related to your commitment.There are times when your heart is not in your work. 3 So， slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment.Clarity（清晰）of thoughts can help you move forward.
Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives， keeping in mind your beliefs， values and strengths.Remember that goals are flexible. 4 They also need to be measurable.You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
Your personal circumstances are equally important.For example， you may want to be a pilot but can't become one because your eyesight is not good enough. 5 You should reassess your goals， and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.
You will surely need to overcome some difficulties， some planned， but most unplanned.You cannot overcome them without ample motivation.Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.
A.This can affect your work.
B.So how should you motivate yourself？
C.However， this should not discourage you.
D.So why should we try to set specific goals？
E.They can change according to circumstances.
F.Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G.Without motivation， you can neither set a goal nor reach it.
【语篇解读】 没有动力，你既无法设定目标，也无法实现目标。本文就如何保持动力来实现自己的目标提出了一些建议。
1.解析：根据空前一句“Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin”可知，此处在讲动力和设定目标之间的关系，故G项“没有动力，你既无法设定目标，也无法实现目标”符合语境。
答案：G
2.解析：第一段阐述了动力和设定目标之间的关系，结合空后的“More than that，how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal”可知，空处与空后内容形成递进关系，故B项符合语境。
答案：B
3.解析：空前讲有时候你的心思并不在工作上，由此可知空处应选A“这会影响你的工作”。
答案：A
4.解析：根据空前一句中的“goals are flexible”可知，目标是可变动的，因此E项“它们可以根据情况发生改变”符合语境。
答案：E
5.解析：空前一句说你可能想当飞行员，但因为视力不好，你的目标不能实现。再结合空后一句中的“reassess your goals...set a fresh goal”可知C项符合语境。
答案：C
Ⅵ.完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Farming and Gardening
Agriculture has a long history in China.Much of the wisdom 1 by early Chinese scientists is still useful for farmers and gardeners today.One of China's early 2 scientists was Jia Sixie， who lived in the sixth century AD.He spent his time doing 3 into agriculture.He collected information， studied it， did experiments and learnt from the 4 of farmers.
Around 540 AD， he wrote a book called Qimin Yaoshu.The book is about both farming and 5 Ｗ.It includes advice on the following 6 ： growing green vegetables and fruit trees， keeping animals， and fish in lakes.There are also 7 for making wine.Jia Sixie's book is a（n） 8 guide for farming.Firstly， as a farmer you should do things at the right time of the year.If you sow seeds and 9 young plants in the fields at the correct time of the year， your work will be less and 10 will be better.But if you 11 nature and do things at the wrong time of the year， you will have to do more work and the results will not be so good.The 12 of the soil is also very important.Examine the soil on your farm 13 .If the condition of your soil is not good， you should improve it.Before sowing or planting crops， you must clean rough ground and 14 weeds.Let sheep or cows walk on the land to 15 the weeds or eat them.The best harvest is reached when farmers 16 the crops in their fields.For example， do not plant rice 17 in the same field.But if you plant rice in a field one year and wheat in the field the next year， you will 18 good crops.Other scientists said that wheat should be planted with 19 between the plants， but Jia did experiments and 20 that planting wheat close together is better.
【语篇解读】 本文是议论性说明文。主要介绍了我国古代农业科学家贾思勰对我国古代农业的研究和贡献。他的耕种方法对我国古代农业起了重要的指导作用。
1.A.discovered B.recovered
C.reported D.repeated
解析：从词语和搭配考虑，此处只有discovered才能与wisdom搭配。wisdom后的“ 1 by early Chinese scientists”是过去分词短语作定语。
答案：A
2.A.industrial B.agricultural
C.cultural D.article
解析：根据常识或上下文可知，贾思勰是我国古代的农业科学家，故选agricultural。
答案：B
3.A.search B.research
C.experiment D.movement
解析：do research into为固定搭配，意为“进行……的研究”，符合语境。
答案：B
4.A.adventures B.advantages
C.tradition D.experience
解析：learn from the experience of farmers表示“学习农民的（耕作）经验”，符合语境。
答案：D
5.A.nursing B.gardening
C.produce D.trade
解析：由本文的标题和第一段第二句推断可知，选gardening。
答案：B
6.A.programmes B.topics
C.subjects D.events
解析：从语境来看，本句的下文介绍了一些具体的课题，如种菜、养动物等，因此选subject“科目，课题”。
答案：C
7.A.instructions B.constructions
C.measures D.treasures
解析：此处表示造酒的“指导，说明”，选instructions，其他选项与句意不符。
答案：A
8.A.economical B.practical
C.similar D.regular
解析：practical guide意为“切实可行的指导”。economical“经济的，节省的”；similar“相似的”；regular“有规律的”，均与句意不符。
答案：B
9.A.drop B.increase
C.grow D.throw
解析：grow young plants意为“种植幼苗”，其他选项没有“种植”之意。
答案：C
10.A.dreams B.ending
C.hope D.results
解析：result与前文的work相对，表示“劳动投入少，而结果更好”。
答案：D
11.A.argue against B.go against
C.compete with D.deal with
解析：go against nature意为“违背自然（规律）”，B项符合句意。
答案：B
12.A.application B.situation
C.condition D.addition
解析：the condition of the soil表示“土壤的状况/条件”。
答案：C
13.A.successfully B.carefully
C.gradually D.frequently
解析：前句指出土壤状况重要，本句说明要细心、仔细检查土壤，因此选carefully。
答案：B
14.A.remove B.pull
C.kill D.reduce
解析：种庄稼之前需要平整土地和除草，remove weeds意为“清除杂草”。
答案：A
15.A.destroy B.prevent
C.divide D.limit
解析：让牛羊在地里走是为了摧毁杂草或者吃掉杂草，故选destroy。
答案：A
16.A.keep B.improve
C.manage D.change
解析：从下句中“do not plant rice 17 in the same field”可知庄稼要换着种，因此选change。
答案：D
17.A.one after another B.here and there
C.now and then D.year after year
解析：year after year“年复一年”，意为“不在同一块地里年复一年地种同一种庄稼”。
答案：D
18.A.win B.collect
C.harvest D.plant
解析：本句意在表达“如果每年换种不同的庄稼就会有好收成”。harvest good crops意为“收成好”。
答案：C
19.A.holes B.lines
C.space D.balance
解析：从词语搭配考虑，本句指的是“种植小麦时，株与株之间要留有空间”，而非留有线、洞或平衡，因此选space。
答案：C
20.A.showed B.meant
C.intended D.decided
解析：前面有“Jia did experiments”，因此后面是实验结果“证明，表明”，因此选showed。
答案：A
课件111张PPT。Unit 2 Working the land单元质量评估（二）
时间：100分钟 分数：120分
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Guam is a beautiful， small island in the Pacific Ocean.You'll find happy songbirds， clear blue water， and leafy forest there.But the small island has a big problem：snakes.There are about 2 million brown tree snakes living in Guam.
The snakes likely arrived in the 1940s.They probably slipped（滑行） unseen onto ships and planes heading to Guam.Once there， the snakes laid eggs.Snake families grew.The snakes have no natural enemies to eat them on Guam.Soon， the island was covered with these snakes.
The brown tree snake has had a devastating effect.The snakes eat birds.There used to be 12 kinds of birds on the island.But these snakes have killed off nine kinds of the birds.The snakes can grow to be 10 feet long.They often bite humans.They climb onto power lines and make the electricity go out.This causes millions of dollars in damage.
Scientists have tried many different ways to control the number of snakes.They have used snake traps and snake-sniffing dogs.Nothing seemed to work.Nothing， that is， until they found a surprising secret weapon（武器）：killer mice.
Scientists found out that there is one easy way to kill brown tree snakes.They could give them a medicine called Tylenol.People take Tylenol for headaches and other pains.Even a little bit of Tylenol can kill a brown tree snake.
But how would scientists get the tree snakes to eat Tylenol？ They came up with a plan.First， the experts put the medicine into dead mice.Then they attached each mouse to a mini paper parachute（降落伞）.Planes dropped the mice over Guam.The parachutes got caught in the trees.The mice became dinner for the snakes that live there.
Has it worked？ So far， research shows that there are fewer snakes because of the mice.The worry is that it may be too late to clear the snakes， but Mr Vice from Guam's Department of Agriculture says this should not stop the islanders from trying.“Our long-term goal is to kill the snake off completely，”he says.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。棕树蛇给关岛上的居民和动物带来严重的困扰。为了除掉它们，科学家使用了体内装有泰诺这种药物的死老鼠。
1.What can we learn about the brown tree snakes？
A.They were shipped to Guam on purpose.
B.They were not native to Guam.
C.They were at risk in the 1940s.
D.They grew very slowly.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The snakes likely arrived in the 1940s... Snake families grew.”可知，棕树蛇是关岛的外来物种。
答案：B
2.What does the underlined word “devastating” in Paragraph 3 mean？
A.Magical. B.Damaging.
C.Short-term. D.Interesting.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“There used to be 12 kinds of birds on the island...This causes millions of dollars in damage.”可知，棕树蛇对关岛上的动物有毁灭性的影响。
答案：B
3.What was a more workable way to kill the brown tree snakes？
A.Letting them eat Tylenol carried by mice.
B.Putting Tylenol in the trees.
C.Bringing in their enemies.
D.Using snake traps.
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Even a little bit of Tylenol can kill a brown tree snake.”及第六段中的“experts put the medicine into dead mice”和最后一段中的“So far，research shows that there are fewer snakes because of the mice.”可知，科学家在关岛上投放了大量体内含有泰诺药的死老鼠，棕树蛇会把这些死老鼠当作食物吃掉，这样死老鼠体内的药物就会杀死这些蛇，这种方法有效地减少了棕树蛇的数量。
答案：A
B
An average 30-year-old person who has eaten three meals a day since birth has eaten more than 30，000 meals to date.Even if you've only eaten half that much，you have to admit this： you've let some of that breakfast， lunch or dinner go to waste.And it turns out we're all to blame for this shaming fact： 30% of all food produced in the world each year is wasted or lost.That's about 1.3 billion tons， according to a new report by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization.
That's the weight of more than 8.6 million fullgrown blue whales， the largest creatures on earth.That's the weight of more than 2.3 million Airbus A380s， the largest planes in existence. That's as if each person in China， the world's most populous country with more than 1.3 billion people， had one ton mass of food thrown into the dustbin. It's almost unfathomable， isn't it？
Setting aside that big number， we find the people with the most money are the ones who waste the most.On average， a person in European and North American countries wastes between 95 and 115 kilograms of food.Sub-Saharan African， South Asian and Southeast Asian countries waste much， much less—between 6 and 11 kilograms per person.
Here's another statistic： all the food that the world's richest countries waste is about equal to all the food that sub-Saharan Africa produces.The numbers： 222 million tons and 230 million tons， respectively（分别地）.Basically，the wasted food of the rich could feed much of the African continent.And these numbers come as we've just been reporting about rising food prices around the world in the past week.
And my own personal tip：if I eat at a restaurant and can't finish it all， I ask for a doggie bag.I used to be a waiter years ago and will never forget the amounts of food I saw left on the table after the bill was paid.There's no reason to waste food.It's up to all of us to use our common sense to eat and shop just a bit more wisely.
【语篇解读】 本文为一篇说明文。根据联合国粮农组织的一份报告，目前全球生产出来的30%的食物在消费过程中被浪费掉。
4.What does the underlined word “unfathomable” in Paragraph 2 mean？
A.Possible to imagine. B.Impossible to change.
C.Impossible to understand. D.Possible to understand.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段可知，每年浪费的食物的重量超过了860万头地球上最大的动物——蓝鲸的重量，也超过了230万架世界上现有的最大的飞机——空中客车A380的重量。这也好比在世界拥有超过13亿人的人口最多的国家——中国，人均向垃圾桶里倾倒一吨的食物。由此可推知这种现象使人难以理解。unfathomable意为“难以理解的；深不可测的”。
答案：C
5.It can be learned that the food the rich waste can support .
A.half the people in Europe B.most people of America
C.most people of Asia D.most people of Africa
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句“Basically，the wasted food of the rich could feed much of the African continent.”可知，富有的国家浪费的食物可以养活非洲大陆大部分地区的人。
答案：D
6.The author gave his personal tip based on the fact that .
A.he was once very poor
B.he was once a farmer
C.he once worked in a restaurant
D.the price of food is very high
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“I used to be a waiter years ago and will never forget the amounts of food I saw left on the table after the bill was paid.”可知，作者的建议是根据他曾是一个餐馆服务员的工作经历而给出的。
答案：C
7.What is the purpose of this article？
A.To show the author's opinion of food.
B.To let us live more wisely and not waste food.
C.To show the amount of wasted food a year.
D.To ask the richest countries to help African people.
解析：写作意图题。根据第一段倒数第二句“And it turns out we're all to blame for this shaming fact：30% of all food produced in the world each year is wasted or lost。”和最后一段最后两句“There's no reason to waste...and shop just a bit more wisely.”可知，文章的写作目的在于让人们不要浪费食物，要更明智地生活。
答案：B
C
When Paul was a boy growing up in Utah，he happened to live near a copper smelter （炼铜厂），and the chemicals that poured out had made a wasteland out of what used to be a beautiful forest.One day a young visitor looked at this wasteland and called it an awful area.Paul knocked him down.From then on，something happened inside him.
Years later Paul was back in the area，and he went to the smelter office.He asked if they had any plans or if they would let him try to bring the trees back.The answer from that big industry was“No”.
Paul then went to college to study the science of plants.Unfortunately，his teachers said there weren't any birds or squirrels to spread the seeds.It would be a waste of his life to try to do it.Everyone knew that，he was told.Even if he was knowledgeable as he had expected，he wouldn't get his idea accepted.
Paul later got married but his dream would not die.And then one night he did what he could with what he had.As Samuel Johnson wrote，“It is common to overlook what is near by keeping the eye fixed on something remote.”Under the cover of darkness，he went secretly into the wasteland and started planting.
And every week，he made his secret journey into the wasteland and planted trees and grass.For fifteen years he did this against the plain common senseＷ.Slowly rabbits appeared.Later，as there was legal pressure to clean up the environment，the company actually hired Paul to do what he was already doing.
Now the place is fourteen thousand acres of trees and grass and bushes，and Paul has received almost every environmental award Utah has.It took him until his hair turned white，but he managed to keep that impossible vow（誓言）he made to himself as a child.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个美国青年，独自一人通过不懈的努力，把自己家乡的一家冶炼厂留下的垃圾堆变成了一片绿洲的故事。
8.When Paul was a boy， .
A.he had decided never to leave his hometown
B.the economy of Utah depended wholly on the copper smelter
C.he hit a young visitor because of his comments on the wasteland
D.he stopped the copper smelter polluting the area
解析：细节理解题。第一段说，有个游客看着炼铜厂导致的废地，说这是个可怕的地方，于是保尔就把对方打倒在地。由此可知选C。
答案：C
9.Paul went to college to study the science of plants，because .
A.he wanted to find out the best way to save the area himself
B.he was interested in planting trees since he was young
C.he wanted to get more knowledgeable people to help him
D.he thought his knowledge would make his advice more convincing
解析：推理判断题。第三段说他被拒绝之后就去读大学研究植物，而他的老师说那个地方没有鸟儿或松鼠播撒种子，他这样做是在浪费生命。从这些信息看，他去读大学是因为他的请求被那家炼铜厂拒绝了，去读大学，是希望能学到更多的专业知识来改变这个地方的环境。
答案：D
10.What does the underlined phrase“the plain common sense”probably mean？
A.It was impossible for trees to grow on the wasteland.
B.His normal work and life would be greatly affected.
C.No one would like to join him in the efforts.
D.He had to keep everything he did secret.
解析：词义猜测题。文中说在连续15年的时间里，他在这里种树，用自己的行为去改变常人的观点，那就是，树木在荒地上是长不起来的。故选A项。
答案：A
11.The company hired Paul to plant trees and grass because .
A.they realized the importance of environmental protection
B.what Paul was doing moved them
C.Paul persuaded them to help him
D.they had legal pressure
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句中的“Later，as there was legal pressure to clean up the environment，the company actually hired Paul to...”可知选D。
答案：D
D
You're in a bit of a dilemma standing in front of the produce section of your local supermarket.In one hand， you're holding a conventionally grown Granny Smith apple.In your other hand， you have one that's been organically grown.Both apples are firm， shiny and green.Both provide vitamins and fiber， and both are free of fat， sodium and cholesterol.
The conventionally grown apple costs less and is a proven family favourite.But the organic apple has a label that says “USDA Organic”.Does that mean it's better？ Safer？ More nutritious？ Become a better informed consumer for your next trip to the supermarket.Several differences between organic and non-organic foods exist.The word “organic” refers to the way farmers grow and process agricultural products， such as fruits， vegetables， grains， dairy products and meat.Organic farming practices are designed to encourage soil and water conservation and reduce pollution.Farmers who grow organic produce and meat don't use Conventional methods to fertilize， control weeds or prevent livestock disease.
Here are other differences between conventional farming and organic farming.
Conventional farmers
Organic farmers
Apply chemical fertilizers to promote plant growth
Apply natural fertilizers to feed soil and plants
Apply insecticide to reduce pests and disease
Use beneficial insects and birds to reduce pests and disease
Give animals antibiotics， growth hormones and medications to prevent disease and promote growth
Give animals organic foods and allow them access to the outdoors.Use preventive measures—such as a balanced diet and clean housing－to help minimize disease
*Organic or not Check the label
The US Department of Agriculture （USDA） has established an organic certification programme that requires all organic foods to meet strict government standards.These standards regulate how such foods are grown， handled and processed.Any farmer or food manufacturer who labels and sells a product as organic must be USDA certified as meeting these standards.Only producers who sell less than $5，000 a year in organic foods are exempt（免除） from this certification.
If a food bears a USDA Organic label， it means it's produced and processed according to the USDA standards.The seal is voluntary， but many organic producers use it.
【语篇解读】 本文为一篇说明文。“有机食品”一词对我们来说耳熟能详。但有机食物和普通的食物在农业生产过程中到底有怎样的差异，并不是每一个人都很清楚。
12.The main purpose of the passage is to .
A.promote the sales of organic foods
B.inform people that organic foods are better for their health
C.compare conventional and organic foods
D.persuade people to become informed consumers
解析：主旨大意题。文章的第一段就提出了conventional apple和organic apple的不同概念，下文就这两种事物进行了对比，故该文章的写作目的是告诉人们传统食品与有机食品的差别。
答案：C
13.According to the passage， organic farming is intended to .
A.improve the quality of the soil and water
B.take the place of the traditional agriculture entirely
C.prevent livestock from getting disease more effectively
D.adopt environmentally-friendly methods to grow plants and feed animals
解析：细节理解题。文章表格中对有机农业和传统农业做法的对比体现了有机农业的优势：在对环境有益的基础上生产健康的食品。由此可知，有机农业旨在通过对环境有益的方法进行生产。
答案：D
14.Which of the following methods belongs to organic farming？
A.Using chemicals to kill insects and prevent disease.
B.Using rotted plants as fertilizers to promote plant growth.
C.Using growth hormones to speed up animals' growth.
D.Using pests to reduce insects and disease.
解析：细节理解题。根据表格右栏中的“Apply natural fertilizers to feed soil and plants.”可知B项正确。A项中的chemicals、C项中的hormones以及D项中的pests均不符合有机农业的要求。
答案：B
15.From the passage we know the organic certification programme .
A.is not meant for produce of all producers
B.makes it a must to attach a USDA Organic label
C.sets restrictions on the sales of organic produce
D.requires all foods to satisfy the strict government standards
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，并非所有农产品的生产商都要给他们的产品进行有机认证。
答案：A
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Correct planting methods can help a tree grow healthily. 16 One of them is choosing an improper planting place， which may be harmful to the tree.Some soils aren't good for planting some trees. 17 It'll help you determine the kind of fertilizers（肥料） necessary for the tree.
Digging too deep or too narrow a hole is also a mistake we tend to make while planting a tree.If the hole is dug too deep， the roots don't get enough oxygen supply， resulting in improper growth of the tree.Besides， a narrow hole won't allow the roots to expand and support the tree firmly. 18 Ideally（理想地）， the planting hole for a tree should be twice as wide and deep as the root ball.
To protect the roots of a tree， we need to put a mulch（护根） on them.First of all， it's really important to select the right type of mulch. 19 In addition， we must use a proper amount of mulching.Over mulching may cause damage to the roots， while inadequate mulching may result in dryness around the roots.
20 Walk around the trees to recognize the problems that have appeared， and fix them before they go out of control.
A.Different species require different planting places.
B.Most newly planted trees die because of too much water.
C.However， there are some mistakes we often make while planting trees.
D.We should make our choice based on the plant species and the type of soil.
E.So having a soil test before deciding on the planting place would be wiser.
F.The most important thing is to monitor the growth of the tree on a regular basis.
G.This may weaken the tree and its ability to stand up to unfavourable weather conditions.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了植树时存在的一些问题。
16.解析：该空格后内容是错误的做法，七个选项中提到错误的是C项，“但是，在种树的时候我们常犯一些错误”。故选C。
答案：C
17.解析：此处在介绍土壤对树的影响，七个选项中提到土壤的有D项和E项，再根据下一句可知，应选“确定种植地点前测试一下土壤是明智的”。
答案：E
18.解析：根据该空上一句可知，该空内容与树坑太窄会引起的后果有关，故选G项，“这也许会使树变弱，并降低树木抵抗不良天气条件的能力”。
答案：G
19.解析：根据该空上一句可知，本空内容与如何选择护根有关，故选D项，“我们得根据树种和土壤的种类来选择正确的护根”。
答案：D
20.解析：根据该空下一句可知，该空内容与观察树有关，故选F项，“最重要的是定期观察树的生长情况”。
答案：F
第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
There Really Was a Santa Claus
Ann worked for a big company.One of the duties of her 21 was to go to the post office every day and 22 the company mail.One day in December，she 23 a beggar making himself up as a Santa Claus 24 on the corner of the street.Each day she 25 her coins and dropped them in his bowl.He would smile and 26 her a Merry Christmas.
At night the temperature dropped below 0℃，but the Santa Claus 27 stood in the cold wind. 28 she dropped her coins into his bowl，she handed him a pair of gloves.
A week later，a（n） 29 Santa Claus was standing there.“What happened to the other Santa Claus？”she asked.He told her，“He's very 30 today.”She prayed for his health.
Later that day，a colleague came into her office 31 .“I don't know what I'm going to do.”“What's wrong？”she asked.“It's my ex-husband，”her colleague 32 .“I don't have any money to buy my boys anything for Christmas， 33 my ex-husband refuses to send money to them.It breaks my heart that they won't have anything this year.”The lady 34 her colleague，“I'm sure everything will 35 Ｗ.It's Christmas.Believe in miracles（奇迹）.”
That evening，she told her husband about her colleague's 36 Ｗ.“I know we don't have much money to 37 ，but I'd like to give her fifty or a hundred dollars.We'll just get ourselves less this year.Last year we couldn't afford to buy anything for 38 but we still had a wonderful Christmas.”Her husband smiled，“Give her one hundred dollars.She needs it more than we do.”
She reached up and held him.Warmth spread 39 her body.He held her and realized that there really was a Santa Claus—and he had 40 her！
【语篇解读】 本文讲述了安总是给那位打扮成圣诞老人的乞丐钱，也热心帮助同事。她的丈夫支持她并感慨：安是真正的“圣诞老人”。
21.A.family B.job
C.life D.religion
解析：根据上句“Ann worked for a big company”可知，本处意为“她的工作（job）职责之一是去邮局取回公司的邮件”。故选B。
答案：B
22.A.receive B.go through
C.answer D.pick up
解析：参见上题解析。receive“收到”；go through“经历”；answer“回答”；pick up“取回，接收”。故选D。
答案：D
23.A.spotted B.watched
C.sensed D.followed
解析：12月的一天，她发现一个打扮成圣诞老人的乞丐站在街角。spot“发现，看见”；watch“注视”；sense“意识到”；follow“跟随”。故选A。
答案：A
24.A.standing B.waiting
C.playing D.performing
解析：参见上题解析。故选A。第二段的“the Santa Claus 27 stood in the cold wind”也是提示。
答案：A
25.A.earned B.counted
C.saved D.threw
解析：每天，她总是省下钱来，给那位打扮成圣诞老人的乞丐。earn“挣得”；count“计数”；save“节省”；throw“投，掷”。故选C。倒数第二段的“we don't have much money”也是提示。
答案：C
26.A.send B.wish
C.offer D.tell
解析：他会微笑并祝福（wish）她圣诞快乐。故选B。
答案：B
27.A.even B.just
C.still D.yet
解析：晚上温度降到了零下，但是乞丐仍然（still）在冷风中站着。故选C。
答案：C
28.A.Although B.If
C.Since D.After
解析：她把硬币放在乞丐的碗里之后，又给了他一副手套。after“在……之后”。故选D。
答案：D
29.A.honest B.new
C.considerate D.strong
解析：根据下句的“What happened to the other Santa Claus”可知，一位新的（new）圣诞老人站在那里。故选B。
答案：B
30.A.sad B.poor
C.cold D.sick
解析：根据下句“She prayed for his health”可知，原来那位乞丐生病（sick）了。故选D。
答案：D
31.A.in tears B.in shock
C.in horror D.in trouble
解析：根据下文的“It breaks my heart”可知，此处应选A。in tears“哭泣，流泪”；in shock“震惊地”；in horror“惊恐地”；in trouble“处于困境中”。故选A。
答案：A
32.A.concluded B.decided
C.continued D.commented
解析：本空前后都是同事在讲述她自己的情况，因此应为“她继续（continued）说”，选C。
答案：C
33.A.or B.but
C.so D.otherwise
解析：上下句之间为转折关系，应用连词but。故选B。
答案：B
34.A.reminded B.amused
C.teased D.comforted
解析：同事心里难受，安安慰（comforted）她。故选D。remind“提醒”；amuse“使开心”；tease“戏弄”。
答案：D
35.A.work out B.come back
C.run out D.open up
解析：她安慰同事：“我相信一切都会解决的，这是圣诞节，要相信奇迹会发生。”work out“解决”；come back“回来”；run out“用完”；open up“出现”。故选A。
答案：A
36.A.message B.suggestion
C.situation D.example
解析：那天晚上，她将同事的情况告诉了丈夫。message“信息”；suggestion“建议”；situation“情况”；example“例子”。故选C。
答案：C
37.A.lend B.help
C.lose D.pay
解析：我知道我们没有太多钱帮（help）她。故选B。
答案：B
38.A.ourselves B.themselves
C.us D.others
解析：去年我们没给自己（ourselves）买任何东西，但是我们仍然有一个很愉快的圣诞节。故选A。
答案：A
39.A.off B.to
C.among D.through
解析：温暖传遍她的全身。spread through“扩散，蔓延”。故选D。
答案：D
40.A.relaxed B.doubted
C.married D.shaped
解析：丈夫认为安是真正的圣诞老人，并且他娶（married）了她。故选C。
答案：C
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tuan was a farmer.For decades， he 41. （struggle） to rid his family 42. hunger.However，43. always confused him 44. to expand the output of his crops.This 45. （disturb） problem led to his regretting being a farmer.He would rather have chosen another job.
One day， when 46. （skim） through a newspaper， Tuan read a comment on Yuan Longping.He underlined Yuan's nationality and occupation， and then focused on his discovery and the statistics of his research.He found the knowledge Yuan circulated very 47. （practice）.Therefore， he made a summary and began to build up a new farming method.He planted super grain of rich nutrition and equipped 48. （him） to keep his crops' roots free from bacteria and pests.He also enriched minerals in the soil while reducing chemical fertilizers.Though it cost him more time and freedom，he was full of hope.
The next year， Tuan was sunburnt but 49. （satisfy） with his production very much.50. （thank） to Yuan Longping， he not only won the battle against hunger， but he could also export his crops abroad.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了一位农民受到袁隆平的激励而努力研制农业新品种，提高农作物产量的故事。
41.解析：根据For decades和was可知应用过去完成进行时。
答案：had been struggling
42.解析：rid sb of...“摆脱，除去”。
答案：of
43.解析：it为形式主语。
答案：it
44.解析：“how to expand the output of his crops”是真正的主语。
答案：how
45.解析：用形容词来修饰后面的名词problem，意为“令人烦恼的”。
答案：disturbing
46.解析：此处为状语从句的省略，补全句子为“when（he was）skimming...”。
答案：skimming
47.解析：形容词practical作宾语knowledge的补足语。
答案：practical
48.解析：和主语He为同一人，此处用反身代词加强语气。
答案：himself
49.解析：be satisfied with“对……满意”。
答案：satisfied
50.解析：Thanks to“由于，多亏了”。
答案：Thanks
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（）画掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
My favourite sport is football.I was a member of our school football team.We practise for three times a week and often watch football match on TV together.Play football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves.The sport teaches us the important of obedience.Each player must obey the captain， which is the leader of the team.Meanwhile， they mustn't break the rules too often unless we want to win the game.
答案：
My favourite sport is football.I a member of our school football team.We practise three times a week and often watch football on TV together. football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also us a sense of fair play and team spirit.We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves.The sport teaches us the of obedience.Each player must obey the captain， is the leader of the team.Meanwhile， mustn't break the rules too often we want to win the game.
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
假如你住在一个涉外小区。社区居委会请你根据以下提示用英文写一则海报，将邀请居民参加周末“乡村耕作活动”的细节传达给住户。
活动宗旨：亲近自然、锻炼身体
参加人员：所有感兴趣的小区居民
内容：种菜、养花、喂鱼等
时间：本周六上午9：00－12：00（如天气允许）
地点：距离小区5千米远的一家农场
出行方式：集体骑自行车前往
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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答案：
Hi，everyone！
To get close to nature and do more exercise，all residents who are interested in farming are invited to take part in an activity organized by the Committee of our community.Weather permitting，we'll ride bicycles to do some farming this Saturday on a farm，about 5 kilometres away from our community from 9：00 am to 12：00 am. We can grow some vegetables，plant some flowers，and raise fish in the lake nearby.You will be trained and guided while farming.Not only will you enjoy the pleasure of labor and relax，but also you can taste fresh produce picked with your own hands if you are willing to.
Everyone is welcome to attend！
